A Century of Science, Medicine, and Technology 2017

NORTHERN

2

LIGHTS

3

TTaabbl lee O o nn tt ee nn t tss O ff C Co

New s Timeline

pg. 6 Maxcy Chaney

Looking Deeper Into the Scopes Trial Maxcy Chaney

pg. 8

Apollo 11 Takes Flight

pg. 10 Georgina Peters

Polio Vaccine Saves Many Lives Kate Drury

pg. 12

A Climate Rapidly Changing pg. 14 Mary Roberts Favor

1

A RT S Dying By the Day

pg. 18 Georgina Peters

Fighting the Fever

pg. 20 Mary Roberts Favor

"Wisteria Turns Enemy On Me" Maxcy Chaney

pg. 22

Escaping Orleans

pg. 24 Kate Drury

Learning to Fly

pg. 26 Mary Roberts Favor

Walking in the Streets of Philadelphia Maxcy Chaney

pg. 28

Youth Making Impact on AIDS Forever Kate Drury

pg. 30

Shining Light on the Gay Plague Georgina Peters

pg. 32 1

J o i n t h e U. S. Pr o t e c t

Ar my .

t hos e i n danger .

Be c o me a h e r o . " T h i s We ' l l

4

De f e n d "

NEWS

5

Wilbur Wright's The story of Blue begins.

death

Liberty Eagle plane was invented by Dayton Wright Company/ Death Struck Year takes place.

Many people in danger were saved/polio vaccine invented .

Scopes Trial takes place in Dayton, Tennessee.

The story of, Death Struck Year, begins.

1906 6

1912

1918

1925

1944

1955

Streets of Philadelphia and Philadelphia released.

Deadly published.

Orleans published.

Blue published.

Ryan White Foundation

Death Struck Year published.

discovered.

Apollo 11 takes flight.

1990

1993

1969

2006 2011 2013

2014 7

Look in g Deeper In t o t h e Scopes Tr ial

By Maxcy Chaney Dayton, Tennessee is a small town that

The day of the trial, July 10, 1925, came

got a tremendous amount of publicity from

quickly. The defender for John Scopes was

one trial. This trial was the Scopes Trial. The

Clarence Darrow and the prosecutor was

Scopes trial began on July 19, 1925 with John

William Jennings Bryan. This trial became

Thomas Scopes that started the trial by

viral all over the world. Who knew such a

teaching the theory of evolution in Rhea

small town could have so much publicity at

County High School. Teaching the theory of

the time. Many store owners selling in the

evolution was against the new state law, the

town were smart and started to make

Butler Act. The town was filled with tourists

merchandise. Also since it was scorching hot

and journalists there to see the trial.

outside during the trial, the owners sold lemonade and many ice cold provisions. As

In the early 1920s, in Dayton,Tennessee, Mr. John Thomas Scopes taught the theory of evolution in Rhea County Central High School.

John Scopes knew that the state of Tennessee passed their new state law, known as the Butler Act, passed in March of 1925. The Butler Act punished anyone that teaches any theory that denies the story of divine creation as taught by the Bible, which is against Darwin?s theory. John Scopes used Darwin?s science textbook, Hunter?s Civic Biology Textbook, which was used to rule against Scopes in the trial.

8

the trial went on, many journalists came to the town and watched the trial. The journalists came up with the name called ?the Monkey Trial?because of the theory of evolution. Since the theory of evolution states that man is from living organisms made from earlier forms of the Earth. Then again, store owners would sell monkey based items. Outside the courthouse, there was a man and his monkey walking around trying to make money. The money was dancing to try to get tips during the trial.

Before the trial, Scopes agreed to be conspired to get charged with violation, from George Rappalyea. Scopes agreed to try the new law, the Butler Act. William Jennings Bryan, a famous politician, heard about the ?attack?on Christian fundamentalism and decided to volunteer to prosecute against Scopes. The ?attack?was John Scopes facing the theory of the Bible/fundamentalism. Bryan wanted to get invloved in the case because agreed with what the Bible said.

John T. Scopes

Meanwhile in trial, it is the last day of Clarence Darrow?s closing speech, but he is unsure if the jury will let him speak.

Unfortunately, Darrow was right. The jury denied his speech after two weeks of practice. in 1927, is when the supreme court decided.

The Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the verdict because of the new law that was passed and at the time, it was unlawful to teach.

Description sign of the Scopes Trial

9

Apollo 11 Takes Flight

By Georgina Peters On July 20, 1969, history was made; the

erupts when Apollo 11 lands on the moon

challenge of trying to put a man on the moon

safely. History was made at 10:56 PM when

was completed. The rocket sent into space,

Neil Armstrong is the first man to step on the

Apollo 11, with Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin,

moon, with billions of people around the world

and Michael Collins as the astronauts. The

are watching. He says, ?That?s one small step

rocket itself had a three stage area, that is 363

for a man, one giant leap for mankind.?Having

feet tall, and weighs over 7.5 million pounds.

landed on the moon no one knows what we

Launching this rocket off the ground is

could achieve next. Aldrin shortly joins him,

amazing itself, but, to have Apollo 11 fly and

and they collect samples of what they need

land on the moon is unheard of. At 9:32 AM,

from the moon for two and a half hours. They

the five engines are fired and the rocket is off

collected samples of Lunar material and two

the ground. After years of work everyone is

core tube samples of the Lunar surface. They

relieved to see the rocket take off, but the

collected 44 pounds of rock and other

challenge is still not completed.

materials to conduct many experiments.

12 minutes later, a report comes in saying that

Before the two leave, they place an American

Apollo 11 has entered Earth?s orbit. Three days

flag to show their mark on the moon. The trip

later Apollo 11 enters the moon?s orbit.

to the moon redefined what it means to be

Armstrong and Aldrin go into ?The Eagle,?a

human. On July 24 Apollo 11 re-entered Earth

section on Apollo 11, to land on the moon

with a velocity of 36,194 feet per second and

while Collins stays in the ?Columbia?orbiting

plunged into the oceans of Hawaii. Later in a

the moon. Later, Collins says the eagle was the

press conference, Armstrong is quoted calling

?weirdest looking contraption I have ever seen

the flight ?a beginning of a new age.?On the

in the sky.?Apollo 11 was placed in elliptical

other hand, Collins talks about future journeys

orbit and the orbit was almost circular above

to Mars and how much more we can grow and

the moon.

learn about the Universe. Having completed a

At 4:18 with 30 seconds left of fuel, NASA

trip to the moon and back who knows what we

10

could accomplish next?

11

Apollo 11 is t ak in g f ligh t on Ju ly 20, 1969

Polio Vaccin e Saves M an y Lives

By Kate Drury In 1955, many lives that were once in danger were saved. The polio vaccine was invented by Jonas Salk when the disease was a danger to Americans. Polio is an extremely contagious disease that invades the brain and spinal cord, which can cause paralysis.

Paralysis causes someone to be unable to move their arms or legs, and in some cases, both. The majority of people who are infected will not have visible symptoms, some of

Dr. Jonas Sulk with the polio vaccine

which are sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea, headache, and stomach pain. A small percent

two types of Polio vaccines, the Inactivated

of people who contract the virus have serious

Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine

syndromes that affect the brain and spinal

(OPV). IPV is injected into the leg or arm,

cord, such as paresthesia, a feeling pins and

which had been commonly used in America

needles in legs, meningitis, an infection

since 2000. OPV is taken by mouth and is used

covering brain and spinal cord, and paralysis.

more commonly throughout the world.

Polio can spread through person to person contact, contact with an infected person?s

About 60 years ago, polio was one of the most

feces, or if an infected person's sneeze or

feared diseases in America, and late summer

cough enters another?s body.

was known as ?polio season?. By the 1950s, polio became one of the most serious,

The IPV polio vaccine was invented by Dr.

communicable diseases by children. At the

Jonas Salk, an American medical researcher

University of Pittsburgh in 1955, Jonas Salk

and biologist, in 1955. Dr. Albert Sabin also

launch biggest human trial in history with two

invented the OPV vaccine in 1955. There are

million children. The polio vaccine he used

12

i(IPV) in the trial worked for almost every

over 35 years ago, and there are more

child in the trial, making Salk humanitarian

diseases and viruses that need to be paid for

hero. Albert Sabin invented the OPV vaccine,

rather than polio. If everyone was to continue

which is two drops in child?s mouth, and is

to help eradicate polio, it would end up

used around the world.

costing five and a half billion dollars; however, not eradicating polio would cost

Today, there is a controversy over whether

more money because more people would

eradicating the virus polio is worth the cost

need to be treated. Eradicating polio and

or not. Some of these controversies are if the

continuing the treatment it currently has

vaccine is helping the countries in need,

would end up helping not only the US

s it a waste of money, and if the vaccine is saving many lives, can it cause overpopulation. Americans are particularly not sure if the vaccines should continue because polio was eradicated from America

economy, but the global economy in the long run. By 2035, there would end up having 40-50 billion dollars to dedicate to medical research, and keeping the vaccines might be one of the smartest investments the world has ever done.

Little boy in Nigeria getting the OPV polio vaccine 13

A Climate Rapidly Changing

By Mary Roberts Favor Wetlands have become a major issue in the

The growth of Climate change continues

south over the past few decades, but specifically

because as the carbon dioxide spreads, it reacts

in Louisiana. Over the years, wetlands have begun

with water to make it more acidic which affects

to disappear for many reasons. One major reason

the sea life such as crawfish, shrimp, and

for this issue is climate change. Although in past

oysters. Through these animals, bacteria can be

years natural sulfate and cycles have kept

spread to people. Meanwhile, warming the

Louisiana cool, unlike other states, this is unlikely

earth can cause heavy rainfall and increase

to last.

humidity. Although some may sound like useful qualities, this is what is sinking the want lands.

Now, the soils have become more dry and there has been more rain, which causes the sea level to

Within the next decade, floods and droughts

rise. This happens because more carbon dioxide

will become more severe and there will be

is being let into the air, which warms the earth.

about 35 to 70 days of 95 degree weather

Since the 1700?s, about 40% more carbon dioxide

compared to the 15 days a year of 95 degree

has come into the air. When wetlands are

weather there is now. However, this is not just

destroyed, they can damage crops, wildlife, and

affecting people by disease, but people?s

even people. Many crops such as corn and rice are

homes. Denicia and Wenceslaus Billiot have

not able to grow because they can not get the

lived on Isle de Jeans Charles since they were

proper amount of sun that they need to grow.

born in 1924. As the years went on, the island

Wildlife is not able to produce the goods that are

got smaller losing 98% of the island since

needed because the heat affects their

1955. Due to hurricanes, rising water levels, and

metabolism. People can be greatly affected

oil and gas canals, the island will continue to

especially the poor, elderly, sick, and children.

get even smaller than the half a mile that is

They can easily contract heart disease, lung

left.

disease, dehydration, and can cause stroke.

14

After seeing what danger the island indured, the U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development gave 48 million dollars to Louisiana to relocate the families on the island in 2016. The remaining 30 families chose to stay until they can not. The Billots thought about leaving since they are getting older and could need medical attention but decided to stay because of their family and their history. They are the oldest residents living on the island and have four generations that also live on the island. Mr. Billot plans to live to be 105 and still live on the island but at this rate he will probably outlive the island. On the other hand,

The coastal wetlands are shrinking more year by year

there are ways to migrate the wetland but this can be very expensive.

The animals that live in the swaps can also be harmed by climate change

15

I Phone 7 All new ways to do all kinds of things

16

ARTS

17

17

Dying by the Day

By Georgina Peters A Death Struck Year was published in

whom no one has found. Her boarding school,

2014 and written by Makiia Lucier. This novel

St.Helen?s, is going on lock down, so no one

is set in the year of 1918, A Death Struck Year

within the school becomes sick. Even though

takes place as the Spanish Influenza is

the school is on lock down, that doesn?t mean

spreading everywhere. This novel is fiction;

they do not see signs of the plague

however, the events and facts within the book

throughout their school. Everyone is so

are not; All the facts and events mentioned

worried that they will become sick with the

are true and relevant to the time period. This

plague that if a student sneezes once they

medical drama will make readers never want

get a warning, but if they sneeze twice they

to put the book down.

must go to the nurse. The school cannot handle all the sick students, so everyone is

?A Deadly Plague is Raging, and No

told to be picked up and the plague has just begun raging.

one is Safe.?

Cleo?s brother, Jack, Cleo Berry is learning how to take

is in Tennessee

responsibility for herself and live on her own.

and cannot come

When her brother Jack and his wife, Lucy,

home for a while.

went on their honeymoon in Tennessee, Cleo

For this reason no

is left alone at boarding school. While they

one is there to

are gone the first signs of the plague are

pick Cleo up. Cleo

seen and the terrible disease has spread to

makes the

Washington, where she lives. Every day 200

decision to leave

people have been reported to have fallen

St.Helen?s and go

sick. At the end of the week, 800 cases have

home. This is

been reported, but there are also many sick 18

A Deat h St r u ck Year when she sees an w as pu blish ed in 2014

ad for Red Cross Nurses that can help. She

cots, sick people,

decides to go downtown and see what the job

and death is very

entails. Cleo was coming up to the end of her

hard for her. At

time at St.Helen?s and has been struggling

many times in novel

with what she wants to do for work. Nothing

she thinks ?should I

has jumped out at her and all her other friends

give

have good jobs or are getting married. Cleo is

up??Cleo tells

intrigued by working as a nurse and has no

herself that if she

idea what her job will entail. Cleo also has a

doesn?t help than

very personal connection as working as a

who will? Her

nurse. She wants to help in any way she can

mindset of wanting

ever since Cleo?s parents died four years earlier

to help people saved many lives. Throughout

from an accident. Part of the reason her

the book Cleo saves lives and learns what it is

parents died was because no one found them

like to be an adult and take responsibility for

soon enough, and no one could help.

herself.

M ak iia Lu cier

Cleo decides to join the Red Cross and goes through an amazing journey finding her

This book is perfect to Young Adult and Adult

passion, meeting close friends, and saving

readers. There is no bad language; however,

lives. Many parts of working for the Red Cross

some scenes in the hospital are very graphic

are very hard for Cleo. Many people she was

and there are some emotional scenes. There

very close too have fallen ill from the plague

also is many events of death within the novel

and she is determined not to let anymore die.

which may upset young readers. This novel is

The struggle of being a nurse for Cleo is not

five stars in grammar, speech, and keeping a

just about having to watch people die. Cleo

reader interested. A Death Struck Year is a

works in the Auditorium which used to be a

must-read for anyone who interested in a story

happy part of her childhood where she would

of adventure, love, and medicine.

go see plays and musical performances. Seeing one of her favorite places to visit filled with

19

Fighting the Fever

By Mary Roberts Favor Disease is spreading quickly; everyday

I n the year of 1906, Prudence Galewski is living

more become sick, no one knowing how, no

in New York with her mom and attends an all

one knowing why. Deadly, written by Julie

girls school. Ever since her brother Benny died

Chibbaro published in 2011, is a fiction,

from severe injuries many years before,

medical thrill seeker about the typhoid fever

Prudence has been interested in learning why

that strikes New

people die and why they bleed. Although

York in the early

Prudence wants to be a scientist most women

20th century by

have jobs such as an assistant, but she wants

?Typhoid

more than that. After hearing about an

Mary?.Typhoid

interview at the Health and Sanitation

Mary, a

Department, not thinking she will get the job,

non-fictional

Prudence decides to go. A few days later

character, was a

Prudence receives

cook in the early

a letter saying

1900?s and was

that she has

Ju lie Ch ibbar o a healthy carrier of the typhoid fever. Mary was

gotten the job. As

known to spread the bacteria through her food,

great as this was

although she was not always an obvious

for her, she had to

carrier of the fever because it did not affect

make a decision

her. Deadly is written as a diary from the

weather to take

protagonist, Prudence, to her father who went

the job or finish

to fight in the Spanish war so that when he

school. After a

returns, he will know what he has missed over

few days,

the years. Meanwhile, this is not just a story for

Prudence decides

Mallon?s story of her life and a glimpse of how

Deadly is t h e Nat ion al Jew ish aw ar d book to take the job to w in n er pursue her love

she was treated.

and interest for science. On the first day of the

Prudence?s father, but a way of telling Mary

20

job, .

Prudence and the department are faced with a new Seeing the way the department treated Mary case that has been spreading around New York, the made Prudence second think if this is really what t yphoid fever.r Pudence and her boss, Mr. Soper

she wants to do; go to medical school, become a

go to houses that have the typhoid fever to

doctor or M ar y M allon pict u r ed cook in g

figure why and how all these families are

scientist.

suddenly getting the typhoid fever one after another. Throughout the case, ?How do you catch an invisible killer?? is the question that is repeatedly asked when trying to find how this could have happened to Mary. After questioning

Deadly is excellent book for people who are

multiple families that have the typhoid disease, Mr. Soper and Prudence find out one thing that interested in 20th century American diseases all these families had in common, a cook.

and medicine. Although Deadly is a non-fiction

Although it was not just any cook, it was Mary

novel it still captures the reality of diseases in

Mallon. A new search has begun, not to find

the early 1900?s and shows how figuring out a

what have caused the spread of disease but

cure for a common fever is not as easy back then

whom. After tracking family after family Mary

as it is today.

Mallon is found but refuses to believe that she, Come see and donate to the Louisiana a healthy woman, could carry such a disease. art history exhibit at the New Orleans

police and the rest of the department have to

Museum of Art. All donations will go to a child in need of treatment at Childrens's Hospitial.

get involved. Finally, Mary was captured and

May 15t h-June 10t h 2017

Mary continues to cook for people until the

was quarantined with other people who had diseases. All the sudden newspapers and townspeople were focused on ?typhoid mary? saying it was not fair. he decision was that there should be a case to solve what happens to Mary. After the case it was decided that Mary will continue to stay on an island until a solution is found. Throughout the book Prudence is faced with many challenges that test her.

21

"Wisteria Turns Enemy On Me"

By Maxcy Chaney ?It most ly hur t s at f ir st . Af t er a whil eit st ar t s t o f eel bet t er .?- Imogene Wil f ong A flower is harmless, right? Think again. Blue, a historical fiction novel written by Joyce Hostetter in 2006, will keep readers on the edge of their seat, wanting more. The story was set in Bakers Mountain, North Carolina, which was where Ann Fay Honeycutt, the protagonist, and her family lived. he felt sick. Ann thought Bobby was joking around, so she told him to keep working. Shortly after, Bobby was in the hospital with a disease called Polio. Prior to Bobby becoming ill, there were twelve cases of Polio in Hickory, North Carolina, close to Bakers Mountain. Polio was a disease that causes paralysis and could kill any person infected by the disease. Sadly, Bobby later died in the hospital

Blue won the Parents' Choice Silver Honor Award which is a non-profit organization that helps parents make decisions on what new products are right for their children.

from Polio. The loss of Bobby had a huge, lasting impact on the family, especially Mother. Ann Fay blamed herself, although it was not her fault. from Polio. The loss of Bobby had a huge, lasting impact on the family, especially Mother. Ann Fay blamed herself, although it was not her fault.

Many days passed and Ann was doing her regular chores. Guilt over Bobby?s death continued to take over Ann. She started to angrily cut the wisteria down that was growing in their backyard that Bobby played in. The wisteria Ann was cutting down, is a beautiful blue flower that Ann loved but was an invasive flower. Although, the wisteria was the only object Father and Ann seemed to argue about. Soon after, Ann was taken to the hospital and diagnosed with polio. In the hospital, Ann became friends with a colored girl named Imogene. Imogene 22

The story stated that for every person that cries, God has a window seal lined up with jars. Ann Fay was

The novel takes the reader through an

wondering what color each jar was, but Imogene never

ongoing journey of ups, downs, and

thought of the colors. They decided to give each other

bumps in the road. Ann Fay had to

their jar color. Imogene gave Ann?s jar the color blue.

stay strong for her family to keep her

Ann realized the color blue was, ?like them overalls my

father proud throughout the book.

daddy give me. Like the sky above. Like the color of

Ann showed that race did not matter

truth and faithfulness.? As she remembered Father,

in her friendships, and diseases did

since he is still in war, and started to cry.

not discriminate based on race.

Although, this time Ann Fay knew, ?my tears wasn?t soaking into my bed sheets. My tears were rolling right in the hands of God.?

Disease changed Ann?s family, but with strength and close friends by, pain ultimately healed.

Finally, after everything started to settle, Ann Fay learns that, ?it mostly hurts at first. After a while it starts to feel better.?

Joyce Hostetter, the author of Blue, wrote the novel to tell a story about friendship, pain, growth, and healing.

Ann Fay experienced and underwent many tough and joyous times throughout the novel. Young Adult readers or readers who are interested in World War II and disease would enjoy Blue. The novel Blue connects to the theme of science, technology, and medicine because of the Polio that hurt many families around North Carolina. People who are not wealthy struggled with receiving help in the hospital.

Joyce M. Hostetter 23

Escaping Orleans

By Kate Drury After seven hurricanes and an outbreak

survive through the pain and fever. This virus is called the Delta Fever, which is infecting many living in the Delta. Eventually, the government quarantined the Delta, which is

of the Delta Fever, no one living in Orleans is

Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and

safe. Orleans is a riveting, futuristic novel,

Texas, from the Outer States of America, and

based off of the city New Orleans, that will

the Wall was built.

have young adult readers on the edge of their

Orleans begins 30 years post-separation of

seats. The fictional story takes place in the

the states. Over those years, blood tribes have

2050s, after devastating hurricanes have

formed, which were tribes separated by a

ruined the city of Orleans. This novel was

person?s specific blood type. Fen De la Guerre,

written by Sherri L. Smith and was published

the protagonist of the novel, must deliver her

in 2013. Orleans is a sci-fi book that has

tribe chief?s baby over the Wall to the Outer

Sherri L. Smith

information

States of America before the Delta Fever

about science,

somehow infects her blood and goes into her

futuristic

bloodstream. Daniel is a scientist and

technology, and

confidante to Fen in the novel, who came

medicine.

into the Delta to attempt to cure the Delta

Orleans is set in

Fever. With the help of Daniel, the two work

the future of

together to help the child have a better life

New Orleans

outside the Wall, and try to cure the Fever.

after seven

Fen must face the challenges of the swamps

hurricanes, and

and conditions of the Delta throughout the

there has been

novel. She also has conflicts with blood

massive destruction

farmers and blood hunters who live in the

throughout the whole city. Many people have

Delta. Daniel has to adapt to living in a new

been infected by a deadly virus that causes

environment in which he has no familiarity to,

people to become deranged and attempt to

and he must face the fear of the Delta Fever

take clean blood from others so they can

all around him. Together, Fen and Daniel help

24

each other survive in the dangerous swamps of

to understand

Orleans.

because of Fen?s

Science plays a large role in Orleans because

grammar, and

many people were infected by a deadly disease

there are a few

which destroys all of your healthy blood cells,

graphic scenes

and people attempted to cure people who had

throughout the

acquired the fever with different medicines.

novel in relation

People who enjoy futuristic novels would love

to people

Orleans because there are many accounts on

forcefully taking

deadly viruses and it shows a futuristic point of

another

view on New Orleans.

human?s blood.

Orleans is a fascinating book for young adults interested in an exciting, science-filled futuristic novels, and diseases and how they affect societies;

better life in Orleans.

not for

Not really. The only

geeks. The protagonist, Fen De la Guerre, talks

better read for

The science-fiction novel Orleans.

mature young adults rather than children because of the

?Ain?t no such thing as a scenes that contain gruesome events of adults

however, it is

grammar

The novel is a

forcefully taking blood from small children, and the protagonist cursing at certain points in the novel. Although Orleans has a few

chance this baby?s got is gruesome scenes and a bit of foul language, it to be in the Outer

is admirable novel based off of a devastating event, Hurricane Katrina, and is an excellent

States. So I gotta get her read for mature young adults.

in very poor

there. " - Fen De la

grammar, as

Gu er r e

she was surrounded by people who talk in that way her whole life. Young adults would enjoy this book more than children, as the language is harder

Get Involved Help Am eri cans li vi ng w i th

25

m etal health i llnesses TODAY!

Lear n in g t o Fly

By Mary Roberts Favor The Wright brothers were a big part of modern technology development and are even known as the ?fathers of modern aviation?. Growing up the two were always fascinated by the toy helicopter given to them by their father. As they grew older they switched to a few different businesses before finally settling down with airplanes. Although the brothers were always interested in aerodynamics, they never thought about inventing and testing. After hearing about the death of Otto Lilienthal, an aviation pioneer that worked with unpowered flight, and his crash from a glider, the brothers decided to partake in development of flight. Wilbur and Orville decided to move to North Carolina because there would be better winds for flying, and found kill devil hill where they later sent their first successful flight off of. People were very intrigued by their invention and the government was not sure if it would even work. Although some did take advantage; in 1903 Europe made a deal with the brothers about their plane. Despite some people?s disbelief, the brothers continued to create more modern and safe versions of planes until Wilbur?s death in 1912. Not long after the U.S made a deal and bought a plane for $30,000 and later used them for World War I. After Wilbur?s death Orville continued to create planes such as the Liberty Eagle in 1918 which could carry up to 200 pounds. Orville continued to make planes for most of his life until his death on January 30th, 1948. Now there is a memorial which lays on the top of the hill where Orville and Wilbur first launched their plane in 1903. The Wright brothers were such a major role in developing aviation and technology during the 20th century and without them avation would not be as advanced as it is today.

26

27

Walk in g in t h e St r eet s of Ph iladelph ia

By Maxcy Chaney Bruce Springsteen?s song, Streets of Philadelphia, was a featured song in the soundtrack for the movie Philadelphia. Streets of Philadelphia was written in 1993. The song was dedicated to those who have AIDS/HIV, which is a disease that can cause loss to your body?s cellular immunity. Bruce won an oscar, in 1994, for the ?Best Song Award?, along with three others. One line in the lyrics of the song that sticks out to many people. That lyric is, ?The night has fallen, I'm lying awake. I can feel myself fading away?. This song became very popular because of the movie background and the dedication of the song. Streets of Philadelphia told a story about how it feels to have AIDS/HIV. The tone of the song gives off a forlorn feeling while Bruce sings the lyrics very gently. The song sets the mood of wanting to give back to those and to feel sympathy for those who have AIDS/HIV.

28

29

You t h M ak in g Im pact on AIDS For ever

By Kate Drury Ryan White was a courageous young man who was one of the first children ever to be diagnosed with AIDS. Ryan was 13 when he was first diagnosed following a blood transfusion on December 17, 1984, and because he was one of the first children to have it, people did not know very much information about AIDS. He was living in Komono, Indiana, and the doctors expected him to live about 6 more months. Ryan wanted to continue at his school, Western Middle School, but he was discriminated against because he had AIDS, saying it was his fault he got AIDS because he must have done something bad. He became famous because of the fight him and his mother fought to return to school that lasted a year and a half. Eventually, Ryan and his family moved to Cicero, Indiana, and they were welcomed in that community. Ryan died in April 1990, and lived 5 years longer than predicted, surprising all doctors. Over 1,500 people attended Ryan White?s funeral, and Elton John helped carry his coffin during the service. Sadly, he passed away a month before his high school graduation, and months before Congress passed Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act in August 1990. The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program is still providing medical care and support for people living with HIV today.

The program is for uninsured or insured, and provides service for half a million people a year, which is about 52% of the people diagnosed with AIDS in America. The program was created in honor of Ryan White on August 18, 1990.

30

31

Sh in in g Ligh t on t h e Gay Plagu e

By Georgina Peters Philadelphia was released in 1993 and directed by Jonathan Demme. In the 1990s AIDS and HIV were not accepted by most people. Besides the fact that HIV/AIDS was a death sentence for 2.5 million people having to live with AIDS/HIV daily was a struggle. After 12 years of panic Philadelphia was the first major motion picture movie to address AIDS/HIV. At the time most people called HIV/AIDS the ?gay plague?or the ?disease of the sinful.?The film itself is about a successful lawyer named Andrew Beckett who is suffering with AIDS. The part played by Tom Hanks tells the story of the struggle to have AIDS at that time. For many people this movie was a wake up call. Many people thought of AIDS/HIV in a very different way after they saw Philadelphia. The progress over 20 years has been amazing. People are much more accepting of gay men and women and AIDS/HIV. However, AIDS/HIV is still a big problem today, 5,700 people contract AIDS/HIV every day.

32

33

34