Contemporary Human Geography, 5th edition James M. Rubenstein Test Bank.pdf (22)

50) The WTO can do all of the following EXCEPT A) enforce trade agreements.

B) work to eliminate subsidies, quotas, and tariffs.

C) work to reduce barriers to international trade.

D) order rich member nations to bail out weaker member nations.

E) negotiate the restrictions on the international movement of money by banks.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.7 Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.21 Explain how the World Trade Organization works to reduce barriers to trade.

51) India implemented a self-sufficiency model after they gained independence from the United Kingdom. In the 1990s, they switched to an international trade model that resulted in A) a remarkably unresponsive economy.

B) a substantial increase in GDP per capita.

C) higher tariffs on imported products.

D) a lowering of the GDP per capita.

E) a proliferation of monopolies.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 10.8 World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.20 Analyze reasons for the success of the international trade model, including the shortcomings of self-sufficiency and the effects of converting to international trade.

For exam and test prep, contact excellentessaywriters@gmail.com

37 ..

52) What two organizations are major lenders to developing countries?

A) the IMF and the World Bank B) the UN and the WTO C) the WTO and the World Bank D) the UN and the World Bank E) the WHO and the WTO Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.24 Explain how developing countries finance development through foreign direct investment (FDI) and loans by international lending agencies.

53) Which three regions/countries are the leading sources of foreign direct investment (FDI)?

A) North America, Europe, and Japan B) Japan, East Asia, and Southeast Asia C) Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Japan D) Sub-Saharan Africa, Russia, and Latin America E) Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 10.24 Explain how developing countries finance development through foreign direct investment (FDI) and loans by international lending agencies.

38 ..

54) Half of all foreign direct investment (FDI) destined for developing countries goes to A) Russia.

B) India.

C) Mexico.

D) Brazil.

E) China.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.24 Explain how developing countries finance development through foreign direct investment (FDI) and loans by international lending agencies.

55) The major source of foreign direct investment (FDI) is/are A) governments.

B) transnational corporations.

C) private banks.

D) the World Trade Organization.

E) private donors and philanthropists.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.24 Explain how developing countries finance development through foreign direct investment (FDI) and loans by international lending agencies.

39 ..

56) An alternative source for loans in developing countries where a business owner is too poor to qualify for a standard bank loan is/are A) subsidies.

B) government assistance.

C) microfinance.

D) foreign direct investment.

E) structural adjustment programs.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.26 Explain how microfinance has enabled people in developing countries to build small businesses.

40 ..

57) World Bank loans are concentrated in

A) Canada and the United States.

B) Europe.

C) Africa.

D) Australia.

E) Latin America and Asia.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 10.24 Explain how developing countries finance development through foreign direct investment (FDI) and loans by international lending agencies.

41 ..

58) Many countries have debt burdens that can equal half of their overall GNI. Countries that are in heavy debt to organizations such as the World Bank and IMF are largely concentrated in

A) Europe.

B) East Asia.

C) Australia and New Zealand.

D) the developed world.

E) the developing world.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 10.25 Explain how "structural adjustment programs" work and how the IMF and World Bank respond to criticisms of these programs.

42 ..

59) Which of the following is a common criticism made of structural adjustment programs in developing countries?

A) Structural adjustment programs will cause runaway inflation.

B) Structural adjustment programs lead to corruption and overinfluence by the local government.

C) Structural adjustment programs cut government spending on basic social service programs (like medical care and education), which increase poverty.

D) Structural adjustment programs have too many strings attached, making it impossible to secure international loans.

E) Structural adjustment programs curtail economic growth, leading to poverty.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.25 Explain how "structural adjustment programs" work and how the IMF and World Bank respond to criticisms of these programs.

60) What is the rationale behind lenders providing loans to developing countries?

A) They will receive higher interest rates in return because of the higher risk.

B) They will enable new infrastructure that will lead more domestic and foreign businesses to open and expand.

C) They do it for purely humanitarian reasons.

D) The lenders will be able to foreclose on the loans when the country fails to pay it back and thus take over the entire country.

E) The huge growth potential will ensure high returns.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.25 Explain how "structural adjustment programs" work and how the IMF and World Bank respond to criticisms of these programs.

43 ..

61) ________ is trade that provides greater equity to small businesses and workers in developing countries. A) Free trade B) Fair trade C) Equal trade D) Sustainable trade E) Humane trade Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.27 Explain how the fair trade model of development applies to producer practices and worker standards. 62) A shirt is made in India which is to be sold on the U.S. market at a retail store. What percent of the American retail price of that shirt will the Indian laborer who sewed that shirt likely receive? A) 0.1% B) 1% C) 10% D) 25% E) 50% Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.22 Assess criticisms of the international trade model put forth by progressives and conservatives.

44 ..

63) Which of the following is NOT a Fair Trade requirement?

A) Protected by high environmental and safety standards B) Permitted to organize a union C) Paid fair wages D) Housing needs to be provided by employer E) Have the right to collective bargaining Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.28 Determine the extent to which fair trade benefits producers, workers, and consumers.

64) Fair Trade attempts to achieve all of the following EXCEPT A) raising incomes of small-scale farmers and artisans by elimination of some of the middlemen.

B) distribution of both profits as well as risks between producers, distributors, retailers, and financiers.

C) increase the entrepreneurial skills of producers.

D) assist producers in expanding their local business into a multinational enterprise.

E) promote safe working conditions and sustainable farming methods.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.28 Determine the extent to which fair trade benefits producers, workers, and consumers.

45 ..

65) A cooperative has all of the following advantages EXCEPT A) it can qualify for credit.

B) materials can be purchased at a lower cost.

C) the people who grow or make the products can democratically manage resource allocation.

D) the reinvestment of profits into the local community.

E) the imposition of tariffs and quotas on their goods when sold to overseas markets.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.28 Determine the extent to which fair trade benefits producers, workers, and consumers.

66) Critics contend that the international trade development approach does not place a high priority on workers' rights, charging all of the following EXCEPT A) oversight of working conditions by the local government and international lending agencies is minimal or nonexistent.

B) workers are forced to work long hours for low pay in poor conditions.

C) injured (or ill) workers are not compensated.

D) women are not allowed to take jobs in such industries as textiles, food processing, or farming.

E) child (or forced) labor may be in the workforce.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.27 Explain how the fair trade model of development applies to producer practices and worker standards.

46 ..

67) The UN defines extreme poverty as living on less than how much per day? A) $0.19 B) $1.90 C) $19 D) $190 E) $1,900 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.10 Sustainable Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.4 Explain standard of living as a factor in the HDI. 68) Which of the following is NOT one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals? A) End poverty in all of its forms. B) Ensure access to water and sanitation for all. C) Achieve gender equality and empower women and girls. D) Take urgent action to combat climate change. E) End wars between countries over resources. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.10 Sustainable Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS18 How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.30 Summarize the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015.

47 ..

69) Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the changes in HDI since 1980?

A) HDI has improved everywhere, but the improvements have been more pronounced in developing countries.

B) HDI has improved everywhere, but the improvements have been more pronounced in developed countries.

C) HDI has improved in developed countries, but has gotten worse in developing countries.

D) HDI has improved in developing countries, but has gotten worse in developed countries.

E) HDI has remained consistent everywhere since 1980.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.10 Sustainable Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 10.29 Describe the overall progress made in development since 1980 in terms of gross national income (GNI), life expectancy, and education.

48 ..

70) Which of the following statements is TRUE about developed and developing countries concerning the three factors used to measure HDI? A) GNI per capita has increased faster in developed countries since 1980, but life expectancy has increased faster in developing countries in that same period of time.

B) GNI per capita has increased faster in developing countries since 1980, but years of education has increased faster in developed countries in that same period of time.

C) Life expectancy has increased faster in the developed countries since 1980, but GNI per capita has increased faster in developing countries in that same period of time.

D) Life expectancy and years of education have increased at the same rate for developed and developing countries since 1980, but GNI has increased faster in developed countries in that same period of time.

E) Life expectancy and years of education have increased at the same rate for developed and developing countries since 1980, but GNI has increased faster in developing countries in that same period of time.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 10.10 Sustainable Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.29 Describe the overall progress made in development since 1980 in terms of gross national income (GNI), life expectancy, and education.

71) What is the human development index (HDI), and how does it differ from the inequalityadjusted HDI (the IDHI)?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.1 Human Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.2 Distinguish between the HDI and the Inequality-adjusted HDI as measures of development.

49 ..

72) Why is purchasing power parity (PPP) important to incorporate into a discussion on gross national income (GNI)?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.2 A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.5 Contrast developed and developing countries with regard to income, economic structure, productivity (including the concept of value added), and goods produced.

73) Compare and contrast the economic structures of developed and developing countries.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.2 A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.5 Contrast developed and developing countries with regard to income, economic structure, productivity (including the concept of value added), and goods produced.

74) How is access to knowledge or education important to development?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.3 Access to Health & Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.8 Explain how the quantity and quality of schooling has an effect on the process of development.

75) What is Gender Inequality Index (GII), and how is it measured?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.5 Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.14 Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.

50 ..

76) To promote development, poor countries typically follow one of two models of development. Describe them both, making certain to list their strengths as well as their shortcomings. Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.7 Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.19 Identify and explain the two models (paths) for development and provide examples for each. 77) What is microfinance, and how does it assist individuals and small businesses in the developing world? Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.26 Explain how microfinance has enabled people in developing countries to build small businesses. 78) What are structural adjustment programs, and what are the major criticisms levied against them? Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.9 Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.25 Explain how "structural adjustment programs" work and how the IMF and World Bank respond to criticisms of these programs.

51 ..

79) What is fair trade, and what does it hope to achieve?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.27 Explain how the fair trade model of development applies to producer practices and worker standards.

80) Explain what a cooperative is, and list the benefits farmers and artisans have by working within a cooperative.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 10.11 Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 10.28 Determine the extent to which fair trade benefits producers, workers, and consumers.

52 ..

Contemporary Human Geography, 5e (Rubenstein) Chapter 11 Industry 1) The term "cottage industries" was used to refer to A) industries located exclusively in rural areas.

B) industries that produced only cheeses and other foods.

C) home-based manufacturing.

D) village-based manufacturing.

E) the collaboration between village and city manufacturing.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.1 Explain what is meant by the term "Industrial Revolution."

2) What invention was most important to the development of factories at the start of the Industrial Revolution?

A) The combustible engine B) The steam engine C) The waterwheel D) The railroad E) The cotton gin Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.1 Explain what is meant by the term "Industrial Revolution."

1 ..

3) Which country was at the hearth of the Industrial Revolution?

A) The United Kingdom B) Germany C) France D) The United States E) Russia Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

4) The diffusion of the Industrial Revolution in the nineteenth century was spurned by the development and expansion of A) hospitals.

B) transportation, in particular railroads.

C) banking services.

D) democratic governments.

E) electricity.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.1 Explain what is meant by the term "Industrial Revolution."

2 ..

5) This region was Europe's fastest-growing manufacturing area during the late twentieth century.

A) Northeastern Spain, centered on Barcelona B) Western Portugal, centered on Lisbon C) South-Central Germany, around Munich D) Southern United Kingdom, near the English Channel E) Western Russia, centered on Moscow Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

3 ..

6) North America's manufacturing was traditionally located in A) California. B) the border regions between the United States and Mexico. C) the former states of the Confederacy, such as Alabama and Mississippi. D) the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. E) the Caribbean Basin. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry. 7) By most measures, the leading manufacturing nation in the world is A) The United States. B) The United Kingdom. C) China. D) Japan. E) Russia. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

4 ..

8) Which of the following countries has both the world's largest supply of low-cost labor and the world's largest market for many consumer products?

A) Thailand B) Russia C) China D) India E) The United States Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

9) The Industrial Revolution resulted in the formation of clusters. Specific areas within these clusters such as Rhine-Ruhr Valley in Rotterdam, the Mohawk Valley in New York, and the Po Basin near the Alps developed because of nearby A) population centers.

B) inexpensive and abundant energy sources to run the factories.

C) existing transportation.

D) skilled labor force.

E) favorable climate.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

5 ..

10) What was the first major world region to industrialize?

A) North America B) Africa C) Russia D) China E) Europe Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.1 Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.2 Describe current and past distributions of industry.

11) The most important site factor on a global scale is A) labor.

B) raw materials.

C) transportation.

D) land.

E) capital.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

6 ..

12) Labor constitutes what percentage of the overall manufacturing cost in the United States? A) 1% B) 5% C) 11% D) 31% E) 72% Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory. 13) A ________ is one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitutes a high percentage of expenses. A) labor-friendly workplace B) labor-intensive industry C) profit-sharing industry D) working-class industry E) well-run industry Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

7 ..

14) One-fourth of all capital in the United States is currently spent A) on acquisition of raw materials for industry.

B) on labor-intensive industries.

C) on the development of new industrial plants in suburban zones.

D) on the development of new high-tech industries in Silicon Valley.

E) making investments in developing nations.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.5 Discuss the relationship of capital availability to the placement of industries.

15) The site factor that cities have always lacked for industry is A) available land.

B) a population center for a labor source.

C) proximity to a large local market.

D) sources for capital.

E) proximity to major transportation routes.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.6 Describe the types of land that are typically most valuable for the location of a factory.

8 ..

16) A common place where factories cluster in developed countries are A) the centers of major cities. B) rural areas, far from major population centers and markets. C) suburban industrial parks located near to major highway junctions. D) in multistory buildings since they are cheaper than single-story buildings that spread over a larger area. E) in rugged mountainous regions. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.6 Describe the types of land that are typically most valuable for the location of a factory. 17) A labor-intensive industry would be best located A) near a major population center where there is access to workers. B) in a developed nation with high labor costs. C) in a developing nation with low labor costs. D) in a nation with lax safety regulations. E) in a rural region far from both population centers and global markets.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

9 ..

18) You are the owner of a manufacturing plant that is extremely labor intensive. All other factors aside, the most cost-effective country in which to locate your plant would be A) Germany.

B) the United States.

C) Japan.

D) the United Kingdom.

E) India.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

19) Which of the following is a prominent example of an industry that generally requires lessskilled, low-cost workers?

A) Textiles B) Steel C) Auto D) Education E) Publishing Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.7 Explain why textile and apparel manufacturing is classified as a laborintensive industry.

10 ..

20) Of the three principal steps involved in textile and apparel production, developed countries have a bigger role in the ________ because they account for the biggest market for assembled products.

A) spinning B) assembly C) weaving D) sewing E) looming Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.8 Describe the steps involved in textile and apparel production, and how each step relates to the distribution of clothing production.

21) China and India are the leading fabric producers because ________ offset(s) the expense of shipping inputs and transporting the products to faraway customers.

A) low labor costs B) lack of environment regulations C) government subsidies D) advanced technology E) a very inexpensive means of transporting goods long distances Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.8 Describe the steps involved in textile and apparel production, and how each step relates to the distribution of clothing production.

11 ..

22) Which two countries produce two-thirds of the world's cotton thread?

A) China and India B) India and the United States C) Pakistan and India D) Mexico and the United States E) Argentina and Brazil Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.7 Explain why textile and apparel manufacturing is classified as a laborintensive industry.

12 ..

23) In which of the following places will Nike shoes NOT be manufactured?

A) China B) Indonesia C) Thailand D) The United States E) Vietnam Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.7 Explain why textile and apparel manufacturing is classified as a laborintensive industry.

13 ..

24) Textiles account for ________ of global manufacturing employment. A) 6% B) 14% C) 30% D) 60% E) 90% Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4 Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.7 Explain why textile and apparel manufacturing is classified as a labor- intensive industry. 25) An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products is a A) bulk-gaining industry. B) bulk-reducing industry. C) perishable industry. D) situation-neutral industry. E) bulk-product industry. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.9 Explain what a bulkreducing industry is, and explain its relationship to cost of inputs and cost of transportation.

14 ..

26) A ferrous product contains A) copper.

B) gold.

C) iron.

D) silver.

E) zinc.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.10 Summarize the characteristics and distribution of mineral resources.

15 ..

27) Which region of Earth is NOT a major source of important minerals or precious metals?

A) North America B) Australia C) Middle East and North Africa D) Russia E) Southern Africa Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.10 Summarize the characteristics and distribution of mineral resources.

16 ..

28) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the site of an industrial location?

A) The farther something is transported, the higher the cost.

B) A manufacturer tries to locate its factory as close as possible to both buyers and sellers.

C) If inputs, such as raw materials for production (metal ores, coal, water, etc.), are more expensive to transport than the products, the optimal location for a factory is near the source of inputs.

D) If the cost of transporting the product to customers exceeds the cost of transporting inputs, then the optimal plant location is as close as possible to the customer.

E) If the cost of transporting the product to customers exceeds the cost of transporting inputs, then the optimal plant location is as close as possible to the source of raw materials.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

29) Copper production involves five important steps. Which one is NOT bulk reducing, and thus located near its market?

A) Mining B) Concentration C) Smelting D) Refining.

E) Manufacturing Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.9 Explain what a bulk-reducing industry is, and explain its relationship to cost of inputs and cost of transportation.

17 ..

30) Which of the following is TRUE regarding bulk-reducing industries?

A) Bulk-reducing industries generally will locate far from its sources of input.

B) Bulk-reducing industries generally will locate close to its sources of input.

C) A bulk-reducing industry is an industry where the inputs weight less than the final products.

D) Textiles are a classic example of a bulk-reducing industry.

E) The most critical factor for a bulk-reducing industry is its proximity to its target market.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.9 Explain what a bulk-reducing industry is, and explain its relationship to cost of inputs and cost of transportation.

31) A beverage bottling plant is an example of which of the following?

A) Bulk-gaining industry B) Bulk-reducing industry C) Perishable industry D) Situation-neutral industry E) Cottage industry Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.11 Explain what a bulk-gaining industry is, and why some industries locate near markets.

18 ..

32) A producer of buttons, zippers, or another specialized component for clothing is known as a A) tailor.

B) single-market manufacturer.

C) just-in-time manufacturer.

D) bulk-gaining industry.

E) bulk-reducing industry.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

33) Single-market manufacturers generally locate A) in suburban industrial parks.

B) near the source of their raw materials.

C) in developing countries since single-market manufacturers are always labor-intensive in nature.

D) in close proximity to their customers.

E) in developed nations since single-market manufacturers are generally in need of skilled labor.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

19 ..

34) A bulk-gaining industry generally locates A) near the source of their raw materials.

B) near the location where their product is sold.

C) in a developing country where labor costs are low.

D) in a developed nation so they have access to skilled labor.

E) in a rural area due to low cost of land.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.11 Explain what a bulk-gaining industry is, and why some industries locate near markets.

35) Which of the following industries must be located very close to their markets?

A) Bulk-reducing industries B) Cottage industries C) Steel manufacturers D) Perishable product companies (ex. milk, bread) E) Textiles Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

20 ..

36) Car assembly plants tend to be located A) near their destined markets.

B) in developing countries with low labor costs because car assembly is labor-intensive.

C) in developed countries where skilled labor can be found for car assembly.

D) in rural areas near the source of raw materials.

E) next to steel mills.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

37) Most vehicles assembled in North America are sold in A) North America.

B) Japan.

C) China.

D) Europe.

E) developing countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

21 ..

38) What is the spatial relationship among Coca-Cola bottling plants, their distribution centers, and major population centers in the southeastern United States?

A) Coca-Cola bottling plants are located far from major population centers, but distribution centers are located near to major population centers.

B) Coca-Cola bottling plants and distribution centers are both located far away from population centers.

C) Coca-Cola bottling plants are always located near to distribution centers.

D) Coca-Cola bottling plants are located near major population centers.

E) There is no spatial relationship among the Coca-Cola bottling plants, distribution centers, and major population centers.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

22 ..

39) Which nation leads the world in car assembly?

A) Brazil B) Germany C) The United States D) China E) Japan Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.12 Identify the three types of industries for which cost of transportation is critical to determining location. Provide examples.

23 ..

40) The steel industry traditionally located near which two major inputs?

A) Coal and silicon B) Population centers and iron ore C) Coal and iron ore D) Water and iron ore E) Silicon and iron ore Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.13 Describe how the optimal location for steel mills has changed in the United States through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, noting the reasons for those changes.

24 ..

41) In the late nineteenth century, steel mills were built around which one of the following places?

A) Atlantic Coast B) Pacific Coast C) Mesabi Range D) Appalachians E) Great Lakes Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.13 Describe how the optimal location for steel mills has changed in the United States through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, noting the reasons for those changes.

25 ..

42) Most large U.S. steel mills built during the early years of the twentieth century were located

A) along the southern end of Lake Michigan.

B) in the Mesabi Range.

C) along the Atlantic and Pacific seaboard.

D) close to the ports of Louisiana.

E) in and around Pittsburgh.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.13 Describe how the optimal location for steel mills has changed in the United States through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, noting the reasons for those changes.

26 ..

43) The shift of world manufacturing to new industrial regions can be seen most clearly in the manufacture of A) steel.

B) prefab housing.

C) beverages.

D) canned foods.

E) pharmaceuticals.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.14 Explain how the worldwide steel industry has restructured and identify the cause of that change.

44) Which of the following is NOT true about the changing distribution of U.S. steel production?

A) Minimills have become widespread.

B) Minimills have scrap metal inputs, and this allows them to be located near their market.

C) Steel production has moved to locations abundant in heavy iron ore and coal.

D) Minimills are generally limited to one step in the process.

E) Proximity to market began to become more important than the traditional situation factor of proximity to inputs.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.13 Describe how the optimal location for steel mills has changed in the United States through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, noting the reasons for those changes.

27 ..

45) The primary reason for the growth of the steel industry in China has been A) access to primary inputs such as iron ore and coal.

B) low-cost labor since steel is a labor-intensive industry.

C) its proximity to countries with a high demand for steel, such as Japan and South Korea.

D) a growing demand for steel by Chinese industries, such as the assembly of motor vehicles.

E) the preference for bulk-reducing industries to migrate to developing countries.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.14 Explain how the worldwide steel industry has restructured and identify the cause of that change.

28 ..

46) The leading steel producer in the world in 1980 was

A) Argentina.

B) Russia.

C) China.

D) The United States.

E) Brazil.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.14 Explain how the worldwide steel industry has restructured and identify the cause of that change.

29 ..

47) The leading two steel producers in the world in 2020 were

A) Argentina and Brazil.

B) Russia and China.

C) China and India.

D) The United States and China.

E) Brazil and the United States.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.14 Explain how the worldwide steel industry has restructured and identify the cause of that change.

30 ..

48) Which of the following modes of transportation are usually reserved for speedy delivery of small-bulk, high-value packages?

A) Airplanes B) Ships C) Trains D) Trucks E) Barge Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.15 Identify the four methods of transporting products, and explain the benefits of each.

49) Which of the following modes of transportation is usually attractive for very long distances because the cost per kilometer is very low?

A) Airplanes B) Ships C) Motorcycles D) Trucks E) Bicycle messengers Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.15 Identify the four methods of transporting products, and explain the benefits of each.

31 ..

50) Which of the following modes of transportation is most often used for short-distance delivery because they can be loaded and unloaded quickly and cheaply? A) Airplanes B) Cargo ships C) Freight trains D) Trucks E) Speedboats Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.15 Identify the four methods of transporting products, and explain the benefits of each. 51) A ________ point is a location where transfer among transportation modes is possible. A) break-of-bulk B) switch C) natural relay D) transport management E) central place logistical Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.16 Explain what a break-of-bulk point is, and why they exist.

32 ..

52) Which of the following would be considered a capital-intensive industry?

A) Automobile manufacturing B) Beverage bottling C) Mining D) Software production E) Textiles Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.5 Discuss the relationship of capital availability to the placement of industries.

53) A supplier of parts and materials who engages in just-in-time delivery A) must rely on skilled labor to ensure the quick response time.

B) usually relies on air transport as the primary means of shipment of the supplies.

C) usually relies on ship transport as the primary means of shipment of the supplies.

D) tends to locate near the source of raw materials needed to make the supplies.

E) must be located close to the factories and/or customer base to deliver parts and supplies quickly.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.17 Explain the advantages of just-in-time delivery, and describe the problems that can disrupt it.

33 ..

54) Which of the following has helped facilitate the speed of transfer of goods at break-of-bulk points?

A) Low cost labor B) Containerization C) Just-in-time delivery D) Bulk-reducing industries E) Bulk-gaining industries Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.16 Explain what a break-of-bulk point is, and why they exist.

55) What is the primary reason that companies implement just-in-time practices?

A) Frequent deliveries ensure that the factory will run smoothly.

B) Large inventories are needed to insure no bottlenecks in production.

C) Inventory is expensive; just in time reduces the time that materials, and components are in inventory.

D) They want to be less vulnerable to natural hazards, traffic, and labor unrest.

E) They allow suppliers to be located a farther distance from their manufacturing facility.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.17 Explain the advantages of just-in-time delivery, and describe the problems that can disrupt it.

34 ..

56) You need to send a large shipment of coal from central Pennsylvania to an industrial plant in southern California. What would be the best option to minimize cost and maximize the speed of transport?

A) Truck B) Rail C) Boat D) Air E) Subway Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.15 Identify the four methods of transporting products, and explain the benefits of each.

57) The practice of corporations controlling all phases of production is called A) outsourcing.

B) complete manufacturing.

C) horizontal integration.

D) vertical integration.

E) top-down manufacturing.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.18 Discuss how the new international division of labor contributes to the creation of nontraditional industrial locations.

35 ..

58) Goldman Sachs coined the acronym BRIC, which are four countries where manufacturing is expected to cluster. Which country is NOT part of BRIC? A) Brazil B) China C) Russia D) Canada E) India Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.21 Identify the "BRIC" countries, and explain why they are expected to dominate global manufacturing in the twenty-first century.

59) What is the key provision in the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) with respect to trade?

A) The USMCA eliminates tariffs among the three countries of North America.

B) The USMCA creates tariffs among the three countries of North America.

C) The USMCA prohibits lower-priced goods from overseas from entering the three countries of North America.

D) The USMCA gives residents of Canada, Mexico, and the United States a discount on any product produced within the three countries of North America.

E) The USMCA requires half of all goods produced in North America be sold to markets abroad.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 11.8 Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.20 Explain how the ratification of NAFTA has led to an increase in manufacturing in Mexico.

36 ..

60) How has manufacturing shifted in Europe within the past two decades?

A) Manufacturing has increased in Germany and the United Kingdom.

B) Manufacturing has increased in Spain and Portugal.

C) Manufacturing has increased in several central European nations, such as Austria, Hungary Czechia, and Poland.

D) Manufacturing has declined in Germany but has increased in the United Kingdom.

E) Manufacturing has declined across the entirety of Europe.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.8 Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.24 Describe and give reasons for recent intraregional shifts in industrial production in Europe.

37 ..

61) The allocation of production by transnational corporations to low-wage countries is known as A) vertical integration.

B) selective labor transfer.

C) outsourcing.

D) resourcing.

E) situation factors.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.19 Explain the concept of outsourcing and how it affects the global distribution of industry.

38 ..

62) The three largest centers of global industrial output are

A) India, China, and the United States.

B) Japan, China, and the United States.

C) Germany, France, and China.

D) Germany, Japan, and the United States.

E) China, Brazil, and India.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.18 Discuss how the new international division of labor contributes to the creation of nontraditional industrial locations.

39 ..

63) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding manufacturing and its share of total economic output?

A) Manufacturing has increased as a share of GNI in developed countries since 1970.

B) Manufacturing currently accounts for a greater share of GNI in developed countries than in developing countries.

C) Manufacturing has decreased as a share of GNI in developing countries since 1970.

D) Manufacturing currently accounts for a greater share of GNI in developing countries than in developed countries.

E) Manufacturing accounted for a greater share of GNI in developing countries in 1970, but by 2010, it accounted for a greater share of GNI in developed countries.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 11.18 Discuss how the new international division of labor contributes to the creation of nontraditional industrial locations.

40 ..

64) What has been the rate of increase in income per capita in China between 2000 and 2020? A) There has been a twofold increase. B) There has been a threefold increase. C) There has been a fourfold increase. D) There has been a fivefold increase. E) There has been a tenfold increase. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.26 Explain how the location of industries within China has changed with shifts in site and situation factors.

41 ..

65) Which of the following is TRUE of manufacturing jobs in the United States?

42 ..

A) They have been shifting within the United States from the Northeast to the South and West.

B) They have been shifting within the United States from the South and West to the Northeast.

C) They have been shifting within the United States from the coastal regions to the central interior.

D) They have been shifting within the United States from the South to the North.

E) They have been shifting within the United States from the West to the East.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.8 Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.22 Illustrate how the distribution of manufacturing in the United States has changed.

66) A typical so-called ________ requires a factory to maintain an "open shop" and prohibits a "closed shop."

A) right-to-work law B) auto-industry law C) generous-work industry D) poor "Southern-law" state E) progressive law Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.8 Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.23 Explain the relationship between the change in location of Industries in the USA and "right-to-work" laws.

43 ..

67) In a so-called ________, a union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

A) "open shop" B) "closed shop" C) labor-controlled management factory D) vertical integration factory E) socialist union Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.8 Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.23 Explain the relationship between the change in location of Industries in the USA and "right-to-work" laws.

68) Most automobile production in the United States occurs in A) Michigan, especially around the metropolitan area of Detroit.

B) California.

C) a corridor between Interstate 65 and Interstate 75 between Alabama and Michigan.

D) along the border with Mexico so as to take advantage of low-cost Mexican labor.

E) major cities such as New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.6 Situation Factors: Locating Near Customers Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.22 Illustrate how the distribution of manufacturing in the United States has changed.

44 ..

69) Which of the following is associated with Fordist production? A) Relying on multiple skills, including computer literacy when applicable B) Problem solving through consensus C) Teamwork D) Working one task repeatedly E) Performing a variety of tasks Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.25 Evaluate skilled labor and post-Fordist production as factors in the changing distribution of industry in developed regions. 70) Outsourcing runs counter to which form of production? A) Vertical integration B) Post-Fordist C) Just-in-time delivery D) Single-market manufacturing E) Bulk-gaining industries Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.19 Explain the concept of outsourcing and how it affects the global distribution of industry. 71) What are site factors, and why are they important? Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

45 ..

72) What are some of the factors that would influence a firm to locate close to its market?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.3 Explain what a situation factor is, and how it contributes to determining the optimal location for a factory.

73) What factors would influence a firm to locate closer to its inputs rather than closer to its market?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.3 Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.3 Explain what a situation factor is, and how it contributes to determining the optimal location for a factory.

74) You own a copper smelting plant. Describe where you would locate your smelter, and explain why you chose the location.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.5 Situation Factors: Locating Near Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.11 Explain what a bulk-gaining industry is, and why some industries locate near markets.

46 ..

75) How have site factors influenced the location of U.S. steel mills, and how have those factors changed over the past 150 years?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.7 Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.13 Describe how the optimal location for steel mills has changed in the United States through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, noting the reasons for those changes.

76) What is just-in-time delivery? What are some of its advantages and disadvantages?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.17 Explain the advantages of just-in-time delivery, and describe the problems that can disrupt it.

77) List the different modes of transporting goods and describe their comparative advantages.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.15 Identify the four methods of transporting products, and explain the benefits of each.

47 ..

78) What is a break-of-bulk point? How has containerization facilitated transfer of goods at break-of-bulk points?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.2 Shipping Raw Materials & Products Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.16 Explain what a break-of-bulk point is, and why they exist.

79) You own a company that makes a product which requires a lot of low-skilled labor at the start of the manufacturing process, but then needs high-skilled labor at the end of the manufacturing process. Where would you place your factory (or factories), and explain why you locate them.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.4 Explain the concept of a site factor and provide an example of how labor concerns can influence location of a factory.

80) Why has China become an attractive place for both industries that wish to locate near to their customers, and for industries that wish to locate near their inputs?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 11.9 Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 11.26 Explain how the location of industries within China has changed with shifts in site and situation factors.

48 ..

Contemporary Human Geography, 5e (Rubenstein) Chapter 12 Services & Settlements 1) An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it is known as A) a favor. B) a transaction. C) a service. D) an activity. E) a kickback. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.1 Explain what a service is, and identify the three basic types of services. 2) Services generate more than ________ of GDP in most developed countries, compared to around ________ in most developing countries. A) two-thirds; half B) three-quarters; two-thirds C) three quarters; half D) half; two-thirds E) two-thirds; three-quarters Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.1 Explain what a service is, and identify the three basic types of services.

1 ..

3) The U.S. financial services provide ________ of all jobs.

A) 6.0% B) 8.3% C) 10.7% D) 14.6% E) 15.9% Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.2 Explain the economic importance of services, and how their distribution relates to settlements.

2 ..

4) Retail, education, health and leisure all examples of A) agricultural services.

B) public services.

C) consumer services.

D) business services.

E) manufacturing and construction services.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.2 Explain the economic importance of services, and how their distribution relates to settlements.

5) The largest single employment sector in the United States is A) agricultural services.

B) public services.

C) consumer services.

D) business services.

E) manufacturing and construction services.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.3 Describe how employment in the various job sectors has grown in the United States.

3 ..

6) A permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services is known as a A) settlement.

B) city.

C) town.

D) urban corridor.

E) metropolitan region.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.2 Explain the economic importance of services, and how their distribution relates to settlements.

4 ..

7) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the percent of national GDP derived from services?

A) Africa has the highest percentage of GDP derived from services.

B) India and China, since they have the most services, have the greatest percentage of their GDP derived from services.

C) The developing world derives a greater percentage of its GDP from services than does the developed world.

D) The developed world derives a greater percentage of its GDP from services than does the developing world.

E) China derives a greater percentage of its GDP from services than does the United States.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.3 Describe how employment in the various job sectors has grown in the United States.

5 ..

8) ________ explains how services are distributed, and why a regular pattern of settlements exists, at least in developed countries such as the United States.

A) The von Thünen model B) The concentric model C) Central place theory D) The sector model E) The distance tolerance model Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.4 Explain what "central place theory" is, and how it explains the distribution of services in a region.

9) The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service is known as the A) threshold.

B) range.

C) distance.

D) hierarchy.

E) law of equidistance.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

6 ..

10) The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the A) range.

B) threshold.

C) distance.

D) hierarchy.

E) law of equidistance.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

11) Geographers use ________ to represent market areas because of their geometric properties compared with those of circles and squares.

A) octagons B) hexagons C) pentagons D) triangles E) heptagons Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.6 Explain why geographers use hexagons to represent market areas.

7 ..

12) The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is known as the A) range.

B) threshold.

C) market area (or hinterland).

D) hierarchy.

E) central place.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

13) Central place theory was first proposed by A) Brian Berry.

B) Walter Christaller.

C) August Lösch.

D) James Rubenstein.

E) Baron von Thünen.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.4 Explain what "central place theory" is, and how it explains the distribution of services in a region.

8 ..

14) To determine the extent of a market area, geographers need to know the A) range and threshold of the service.

B) range and hinterland of the service.

C) threshold and central place of the service.

D) hinterland and threshold of the service.

E) hexagon and circle of the service.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

15) Using the rank-size rule, a country's fourth largest city is expected to be about ________ of the size of the largest city.

A) one-half B) two-thirds C) one-third D) one quarter E) one-sixteenth Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.8 Apply the rank size rule and primate city rule to developed and developing countries.

9 ..

16) Generally, if the settlement hierarchy does not graph as a straight line, then the society does NOT follow A) an urbanized enough population. B) the rank-size rule. C) enough cities for the people to have a good standard of living. D) any problems with crime and homelessness. E) a migration problem. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.7 Compare and contrast the ranksize rule and the primate city rule. 17) According to the primate city rule, the largest settlement has A) about the same size as the second ranking settlement. B) slightly more people than the second ranking settlement. C) more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement. D) about three times the population of the second ranking settlement. E) about four times the population of the second ranking settlement. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.7 Compare and contrast the rank-size rule and the primate city rule.

10 ..

18) The following map is of north-central North Dakota. Where would be the logical location for a Wal-Mart superstore?

A) Rugby B) Sherwood C) Maxbass D) Minot E) Bottineau Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.9 Describe how central place theory accounts for the distribution of services in terms of the nesting of services and settlements.

11 ..

19) The distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota adheres to the following pattern: larger settlements are fewer and farther apart, whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together. This is an example of A) rank-size rule.

B) range.

C) central place theory.

D) primate city rule.

E) range of service rule.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.10 Assess the applicability of the central place theory to the current arrangements of services in the United States.

20) The absence of a rank-size distribution in a nation is a potential indicator A) that there is also an absence of a primate city.

B) that services are evenly distributed.

C) that people rarely have to travel far to seek services.

D) of a highly developed nation.

E) of a developing nation where rural people have to travel long distances to access services.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.8 Apply the rank size rule and primate city rule to developed and developing countries.

12 ..

21) Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

A) rank-size rule B) range C) central place theory D) primate city rule E) range of service rule Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.12 Explain the steps used by central place theory in determining the profitability of a consumer service and the best location to build retail stores.

22) Geographers can estimate the ________ of many services by using the ZIP codes of creditcard customers.

A) market share B) threshold C) range D) number of post offices E) profitability Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.12 Explain the steps used by central place theory in determining the profitability of a consumer service and the best location to build retail stores.

13 ..

23) The gravity model A) argues that people will be gravitationally attracted to a new store more so than an existing one.

B) states that once people have become attracted to one store, it is very difficult to pull them away to a new store.

C) argues that the farther people are from a particular service, the less likely they are to use it.

D) argues the fewer the number of people who reside near a service, the greater the number of people who will frequent that service; the use of services are inversely proportional to the population base.

E) argues that people randomly access services, and that location plays no role in their selection, only the physical force of gravity.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.11 State the two main predictions the gravity model makes about consumer behavior and the optimal location of a service.

14 ..

24) What is the spatial correlation between the distribution of Amazon fulfillment centers and population density in the United States?

A) Amazon fulfillment centers are largely located in states with low population density.

B) Amazon fulfillment centers are largely located in states with higher population density.

C) Amazon fulfillment centers are largely located in northern states.

D) Amazon fulfillment centers are largely located in southern states.

E) There is no spatial correlation between the distribution of Amazon fulfillment centers and population density in the United States.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.13 Explain how central place theory influences location factor for ecommerce distribution centers.

15 ..

25) Which of the following is NOT a component of market analysis when determining the location of a new supermarket or department store?

A) The market area must be defined.

B) The range must be estimated.

C) The threshold must be estimated.

D) The market share must be predicted since competitors will exist.

E) The rank-size rule must be followed.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.12 Explain the steps used by central place theory in determining the profitability of a consumer service and the best location to build retail stores.

16 ..

26) Which of the following is TRUE regarding Dayton, Ohio?

A) Family Dollar stores are located in areas of Dayton where the median household income is greater than $50,000, whereas Target stores are located in areas of Dayton where median household income is less than $50,000.

B) Target stores tend to cluster in areas of Dayton where median household income is less than $50,000, whereas Family Dollar stores are located all across Dayton.

C) Family Dollar stores tend to cluster in areas of Dayton where the median household income is greater than $50,000, whereas Target stores are located all across Dayton.

D) Family Dollar stores tend to cluster in areas of Dayton where median household income is less than $50,000, whereas Target stores are located in areas of Dayton where median household income is greater than $50,000.

E) There are no spatial correlations within Dayton for Target stores or Family Dollar stores.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.12 Explain the steps used by central place theory in determining the profitability of a consumer service and the best location to build retail stores.

17 ..

27) Which of the following is most relevant to the concept of threshold?

A) A department store has more than 50 employees.

B) A survey reveals that people are prepared to drive 30 minutes to get to a department store.

C) A large "big-box" department store typically needs a threshold of 100,000 people.

D) A department store only carries female products.

E) A drugstore has a loyalty card that is extremely generous.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 12.5 Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.11 State the two main predictions the gravity model makes about consumer behavior and the optimal location of a service.

28) What is a major concern about house sharing services, such as Airbnb?

A) Airbnb promotes criminal activity.

B) Airbnb causes property taxes to increase.

C) Airbnb results in a loss of affordable rental units for people with limited incomes.

D) Airbnb results in redlining and blockbusting practices, which discriminate against minorities.

E) Airbnb limits the accommodation choices of travelers.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.15 Discuss the concept of sharing services, and why it's challenging to classify them as either consumer services or business services.

18 ..

29) Which two world regions dominate revenues generated by Airbnb?

A) North America and Latin America B) Latin America and Asia C) North America and Europe D) Europe and Asia E) Europe and Latin America Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.15 Discuss the concept of sharing services, and why it's challenging to classify them as either consumer services or business services.

19 ..

30) What is the primary function of periodic markets in developing countries?

A) To increase employment opportunities among those who build markets B) To combat food desertification C) To conform to cultural traditions D) To provide consumers who are rural and dispersed with services in locations that cannot be supported by a full-time market E) To test the viability of a permanent market at the location Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.14 Describe periodic markets and the role they play in the economies of developing countries.

31) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Uber and Lyft?

A) Uber and Lyft are commonly referred to as rideshare services.

B) Uber and Lyft rely heavily upon smartphone apps.

C) Uber considers their drivers as employees while the government considers them independent contractors.

D) Uber considers their drivers as independent contractors while the government considers them employees.

E) Uber and Lyft compete with traditional taxi services.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.15 Discuss the concept of sharing services, and why it's challenging to classify them as either consumer services or business services.

20 ..

32) Generally, global cities are divided into A) categories, called developed cities and developing cities.

B) two levels, called primate and nonprimate cities.

C) three levels, called alpha, beta, and gamma.

D) four levels, called alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.

E) five levels, called alpha, beta, delta, gamma, and zeta.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.16 Explain how cities of the world are characterized.

33) The only Alpha ++ global city in the Americas is A) Los Angeles.

B) Sao Paulo.

C) Mexico City.

D) New York.

E) Chicago.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.16 Explain how cities of the world are characterized.

34) Global cities are defined by all of the following EXCEPT A) economic factors.

B) political factors.

C) cultural factors.

D) infrastructural factors.

E) geological factors.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.16 Explain how cities of the world are characterized.

21 ..

35) A global city needs to have all of the following EXCEPT A) headquarters of major financial institutions and multinational corporations.

B) a mild climate suitable for agriculture.

C) major museums, influential media outlets and renown educational institutions.

D) headquarters for international organizations (or the national capital of a country which plays a leading role in world affairs).

E) a major international airport and health-care facilities.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.17 Describe and cite examples of the types of consumer, public, and business services found in global cities.

36) Why are Thailand and Indonesia considered poor choices for a multinational corporation seeking to outsource its back-office functions?

A) Wages in Indonesia and Thailand are extremely high.

B) There is widespread political instability in Thailand and Indonesia.

C) Thailand and Indonesia are located in the same time zones as Europe.

D) English is not widely spoken in either Thailand or Indonesia.

E) There are too many national holidays in both countries where the people refuse to work.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

22 ..

37) Global cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they A) are major centers of the provision of services in the global economy.

B) control the flow of labor and technology.

C) contribute money to local, regional, and national candidates for elective officers.

D) are at the heart of the supply chain and make sure goods move freely.

E) are integral to the functioning of democracy.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.7 Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.17 Describe and cite examples of the types of consumer, public, and business services found in global cities.

38) Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?

A) Raw material production and high finance B) Offshore financial services and back office functions C) High finance and transportation D) Transportation and manufacturing E) Medical tourism and manufacturing Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.18 Explain the functions of offshore financial services in the circulation of global capital.

23 ..

39) Which of the following will a company in the United States not typically outsource to a developing country?

A) Payroll management B) Processing insurance claims C) Transcription work D) Customer service phone banks E) Legal representation in the United States Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

40) Selected developing countries have attracted back offices because of their A) low wages and fluency in English.

B) technical skills and low wages.

C) low wages and good telecommunications infrastructure.

D) stable government, government subsidies.

E) technical skills and education level.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

24 ..

41) Which of the following will a company in the United States most likely outsource as a backoffice function to a developing country?

A) Product development B) Human resources C) Interviewing of new executives D) Legal representation in the United States E) A call center for customer billing inquiries Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

42) A nation in Asia that is used heavily for back-office services due to its low wages and English proficiency is A) China.

B) Japan.

C) India.

D) Indonesia.

E) Thailand.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

25 ..

43) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding offshore financial services?

A) Taxes on income, profits, and capital gains are low or nonexistent.

B) Offshore financial services often are located on small island nations.

C) Bank secrecy laws allow individuals and corporations to hide assets in offshore accounts.

D) Offshore financial services usually are located in countries with high taxes and strict banking laws.

E) The Caribbean Basin is a world region well known for offshore financial services.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.18 Explain the functions of offshore financial services in the circulation of global capital.

44) Enterprises whose customers live in the same settlement are known as A) basic businesses.

B) nonbasic businesses.

C) social services.

D) human services.

E) temporary services.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.20 Compare and contrast basic industries and nonbasic industries and explain their role in the economic development of settlements.

26 ..

45) The concept of basic businesses originally referred to A) manufacturing.

B) trapping.

C) mining.

D) services like police and firefighters.

E) banking.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.20 Compare and contrast basic industries and nonbasic industries and explain their role in the economic development of settlements.

46) Attracting talented individuals is important for a city because these individuals are A) those who make the city famous.

B) responsible for promoting economic innovation.

C) those who pay taxes.

D) those who run for political office.

E) responsible for the high-tech jobs created.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

27 ..

47) Which of the following cities will a recent college graduate in a STEM field likely NOT seek work? A) Atlanta B) Boston C) Detroit D) Seattle E) Austin Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

28 ..

48) You need to attract talented people to your insurance firm. In which city should you locate your headquarters to solicit talent as well as network with other insurance corporations?

A) New York B) Miami (South Florida) C) Las Vegas D) Hartford E) Los Angeles Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

29 ..

49) In which one of the following sectors does the Boston metropolitan area not specialize?

A) Entertainment industry B) Mutual funds C) Biotechnology D) Software development and networking E) Venture capital firms Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

30 ..

50) You own a new biotechnology start-up company. To where would you ideally locate to access venture capital, recruit talent from renowned universities, as well as cluster with businesses, which compliment your own?

A) Detroit B) Los Angeles C) Wichita D) Omaha E) Boston Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

31 ..

51) An agricultural-based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings is known as a A) clustered rural settlement.

B) dispersed rural settlement.

C) clustered linear rural settlement.

D) clustered circular rural settlement.

E) main street settlement.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

52) ________ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

A) Clustered rural settlements B) Dispersed rural settlements C) Clustered linear rural settlements D) Clustered circular rural settlements E) Main street settlements Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

32 ..

53) A characteristic of the contemporary North American rural landscape is farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements. This is known as a A) clustered rural settlement.

B) dispersed rural settlement.

C) clustered linear rural settlement.

D) clustered circular rural settlement.

E) main street settlement.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

54) A ________ consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

A) clustered rural settlement B) dispersed rural settlement C) clustered linear rural settlement D) circular clustered rural settlement E) main street settlement Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

33 ..

55) A clustered rural settlement typically does NOT include A) homes, barns, and tool sheds.

B) farm structures and schools.

C) religious structures and shops.

D) public and business services.

E) museums and sporting venues for entertainment.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

56) Most rural settlements in the United States are A) clustered.

B) dispersed.

C) linear.

D) clustered circular.

E) enclosed.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples.

34 ..

57) A kraal is A) a linear clustered rural settlement, often found in Quebec. B) a dispersed rural settlement found in the United Kingdom and is a legacy of the enclosure movement.

C) a circular clustered rural settlement constructed by the Maasai people. D) a dispersed rural settlement found in the United States. E) a cluster of nonbasic business services found within a settlement. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.10 Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.22 Compare and contrast clustered and dispersed rural settlements, giving examples. 58) The first urban settlements established prior to the beginning of recorded history date back how long ago? A) 500 years ago B) 1,000 years ago C) 2,000 years ago D) 4,000 years ago E) 5,000 years ago Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.24 Identify the most populous cities and the regions where they were located in different historical periods.

35 ..

59) In what region were the world's first urban settlements established?

A) China B) Fertile Crescent C) Indus Valley D) Mexico E) Egypt Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.24 Identify the most populous cities and the regions where they were located in different historical periods.

60) A consumer service provided by the first permanent settlements may have been a place for A) burial of the dead.

B) election of political leaders.

C) exchange of technological innovations.

D) grain repositories.

E) domesticating animals.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.23 Describe the type of services found in early urban settlements.

61) What ancient civilization encouraged the growth of urban settlements?

A) Egypt B) Aztec Mexico C) Mesopotamia D) Roman Empire E) Russia Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.24 Identify the most populous cities and the regions where they were located in different historical periods.

36 ..

62) The first city in the world to reach a population of one million people was

A) Baghdad.

B) New York.

C) Constantinople.

D) Memphis.

E) Rome.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.24 Identify the most populous cities and the regions where they were located in different historical periods.

63) A business service provided by early urban settlements was A) a place to bury and worship dead ancestors.

B) protection from bandits and marauders.

C) a place for women and children to stay while males hunted for food.

D) a place to store and trade surplus food.

E) a place to house political leaders.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.11 Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.23 Describe the type of services found in early urban settlements.

37 ..

64) The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in A) 1990. B) 1995. C) 2000. D) 2004. E) 2008. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.25 Compare developing and developed countries in terms of the percentage of people in cities and the total number of people living in cities. 65) The percentage of people living in cities increased from 14 percent in 1900 to about ________ percent in 2000. A) 90 B) 60 C) 45 D) 37 E) 18 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.25 Compare developing and developed countries in terms of the percentage of people in cities and the total number of people living in cities.

38 ..

66) The developed world has a higher percentage of urbanization than the developing world.

Which region in the developing world is an exception to this global pattern?

A) South Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Latin America D) Sub-Saharan Africa E) Central Asia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.25 Compare developing and developed countries in terms of the percentage of people in cities and the total number of people living in cities.

67) What population must a city reach before it may be classified as a megacity?

A) 10,000 B) 100,000 C) 1 million D) 10 million E) 20 million Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.27 Explain why the majority of megacities are now located in developing countries

39 ..

68) What has been the primary source for the population increase into cities over the past two centuries? A) Migration from the countryside seeking work in urban areas B) Natural increase C) The reclassification of rural land as part of the urban area D) War refugees from neighboring countries E) Government subsidies to encourage people to migrate to cities Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.26 Describe how the largest urban settlements are distributed between developed and developing countries. 69) What percentage of people live in urban areas in developed countries? A) 13% B) 25% C) 50% D) 79% E) 90% Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.26 Describe how the largest urban settlements are distributed between developed and developing countries.

40 ..

70) Which continent is the least urbanized?

A) Africa B) Australia C) Europe D) North America E) South America Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 12.25 Compare developing and developed countries in terms of the percentage of people in cities and the total number of people living in cities.

71) Briefly discuss the three types of services.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.2 Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.1 Explain what a service is, and identify the three basic types of services.

41 ..

72) Briefly discuss the range of a service.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

73) How does the concept of threshold help a business to decide on the right location?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.3 Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.5 Distinguish between a range of a service and a threshold of a service, citing examples.

74) Why are primate cities generally found in developing countries, and how do they affect the role of providing services to a rural population?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.4 Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS3 How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.7 Compare and contrast the rank-size rule and the primate city rule.

42 ..

75) House sharing services have advantages for travelers but often have negative impacts upon communities in which they cluster. Describe two negative impacts from house sharing services, and how certain cities have attempted to regulate those services. Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.15 Discuss the concept of sharing services, and why it's challenging to classify them as either consumer services or business services. 76) Rideshare services such as Uber and Lyft have challenged the traditional taxi industry. Do you consider Uber and Lyft drivers to be independent business service contractors or consumer service employees? Why? Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.6 Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.15 Discuss the concept of sharing services, and why it's challenging to classify them as either consumer services or business services. 77) What is businessprocess outsourcing (BPO)? What are some common tasks performed by "back-office" workers? What countries do these services locate, and why do they locate there? Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.19 Explain how and why developing countries increasingly provide business process outsourcing (BPO) services.

43 ..

78) Briefly describe offshore financial services. What clientele do they attract and why?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.8 Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.18 Explain the functions of offshore financial services in the circulation of global capital.

79) You wish to start a biotechnology firm in the United States. Choose which city you would opt to locate, and explain why you chose that city?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.9 Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS11 The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.21 Discuss the role of the distribution of job-related talents in developing the economic base of U.S. cities, along with factors that may affect that distribution.

80) Compare and contrast the developing world and the developed world with regard to the percentage of people living in urban areas.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 12.1 Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 12.25 Compare developing and developed countries in terms of the percentage of people in cities and the total number of people living in cities.

44 ..

Contemporary Human Geography, 5e (Rubenstein) Chapter 13 Urban Patterns 1) The U.S. Office of Management and Budget has created a method of measuring the functional area of a city, known as A) the city-state. B) the megalopolis. C) the metropolitan statistical area (MSA). D) the metropolitan influence zone. E) the functional city limit.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.2 Define metropolitan statistical area. 2) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, what percentage of Americans in 2010 lived in either an urbanized area or an urban cluster? A) 15% B) 35% C) 50% D) 60% E) 70% Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.3 Identify types of overlapping urban areas defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

1 ..

3) Which of the following cities is NOT part of the Megalopolis along the northeastern seaboard of the United States? A) Boston B) New York C) Philadelphia D) St. Louis E) Washington, D.C. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.4 Identify three examples of urban corridors that can be classified as a megalopolis. 4) A μSA is the designation for a A) metropolitan statistical area. B) micropolitan statistical area. C) combined statistical area. D) core based statistical area. E) primary census statistical area.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.2 Define metropolitan statistical area. 5) A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) must include all of the following EXCEPT A) an urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000. B) a welldefined CBD with skyscrapers exceeding ten stories. C) the county within which the city is located. D) adjacent counties with a high population density and where a large percentage of the residents work in the central city's county. E) a central city. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.2 Define metropolitan statistical area.

2 ..

6) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the municipalities seen in the image?

A) Municipality A is not part of an urbanized area.

B) Municipality B is part of a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) but not a micropolitan statistical area (μSA).

C) Municipality C belongs to an urban cluster within a micropolitan statistical area (μSA).

D) Municipality D is a central city located within a metropolitan statistical area (MSA).

E) All of the municipalities in the image are located in a rural area.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.1 Defining Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.3 Identify types of overlapping urban areas defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

3 ..

7) The best-known and most visually distinctive area of most cities is the A) Central Business District (CBD).

B) Central Residential Area (CRA).

C) Government Ministerial Region (GMR).

D) Suburban Retail District (SRD).

E) Metro Transitional Area (MTA).

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

8) Which of the following is the main reason why consumers, businesses, and public services are attracted to the CBD? A) Accessibility B) Congestion C) Cheap rent D) Security and safety E) Variety Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

4 ..

9) Business services are centrally located mainly to A) take advantage of the safe environment.

B) be at the focal point of the regional transportation network.

C) facilitate the speedy movement of manufactured goods.

D) maintain a presence in the seat of government.

E) allow for easier commuting to and from the countryside.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

10) What sector no longer has a significant presence in the central business district (CBD)?

A) Finance B) Transportation networks C) Government D) Manufacturing E) Other business services such as advertising, journalism, and law Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

5 ..

11) Which of the following is TRUE concerning Central Business Districts in the early twentyfirst century?

A) Finance institutions once dominated the CBD but have been replaced with factories.

B) Business services that compliment certain public and professional services, such as law and government, are well represented within the CBD. C) Land values have become cheaper in the CBD as the suburbs expand.

D) Retailers with high thresholds and high ranges are well represented within the CBD. E) There are virtually no business services left within the CBD. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

12) Which of the following is generally not found within a contemporary CBD? A) Loft-style apartments and condos B) City government buildings (e.g., City Hall and public library) C) A major water feature, such as a river or a port, which was once used as a transportation route and/or means to unload freight D) Large single-family homes with large lawns E) Specialty shops catering to visitors as well as consumer services geared to the local business community Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

6 ..

13) Which model of the internal social structure of the city explains that a city grows outward from a central area in a series of five rings, like the growth rings of a tree?

A) The concentric zone model B) The sector model C) The multiple nuclei model D) The adaptive concentric model E) The successive hierarchy model Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.6 Identify the four models of urban structure used to describe where groups typically cluster within urban areas.

14) Which model of the internal social structure of the city explains that growth develops in a series of sectors?

A) The concentric model B) The sector model C) The multiple nuclei model D) The adaptive concentric model E) The successive hierarchy model Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.6 Identify the four models of urban structure used to describe where groups typically cluster within urban areas.

7 ..

15) Geographers Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman developed which model in 1945?

A) Concentric model B) Sector model C) Multiple nuclei model D) Adaptive concentric model E) Successive hierarchy model Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.6 Identify the four models of urban structure used to describe where groups typically cluster within urban areas.

16) According to the peripheral model, an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by A) large industrial parks far removed from any residential neighborhoods.

B) small clusters of suburban malls and run-down shanties (shacks).

C) large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

D) wealthy residential neighborhoods with no access to the inner city.

E) a beltway of connected roads all leading to small rural areas where the rich live.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.7 Compare the characteristics of the rings, sectors, and nuclei in the four models of urban structure.

17) Incompatible land-use activities avoid clustering in the same locations is explained by the A) sector model.

B) peripheral model.

C) concentric zone model.

D) multiple nuclei model.

E) location model.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

8 ..

18) An edge city is represented within which urban model? A) Concentric zone model B) Sector model C) Multiple nuclei model D) Galactic (or peripheral) model E) CBD model Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis. 19) Rosemont is a community located near Chicago. Rosemont is situated on a beltway and is a node of consumer and business services that serve the surrounding suburbs. Rosemont is an example of a(n) A) CBD. B) edge city. C) ring road. D) zone of transition. E) Megalopolis.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

9 ..

20) Which of the following is most likely to be found in the second ring of a city in the concentric model?

A) A transition zone from the CBD to a zone of independent workers' homes B) Affluent neighborhoods C) City hall D) Universities E) The commuter zone Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.7 Compare the characteristics of the rings, sectors, and nuclei in the four models of urban structure.

10 ..

21) Atlanta is encircled by highway I-285. Which urban structure model would be the most appropriate to understand the relation of the highway to the urban area?

A) Concentric zone model B) Urban model C) Galactic (or peripheral) model D) Multiple nuclei model E) Sector model Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

11 ..

22) Chapel Hill is home to the University of North Carolina. According to the multiple nuclei model, which of the following will likely NOT be located near to the university campus in downtown Chapel Hill?

A) Well-educated residents in loft apartments B) Pizzerias C) Museums D) Bookstores and coffee houses E) A heavy industrial plant Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

23) Effective use of the social area analysis model depends on the availability of data at the scale of the A) national and state level.

B) state and municipal level.

C) municipal and city level.

D) individual neighborhood level.

E) individual household level.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.9 Identify the limitations of the four models of urban structure.

12 ..

24) A division of an urban area into a geographic unit of approximately 5,000 people with defined neighborhood boundaries is known as a A) census tract. B) census unit. C) MSA. D) residency. E) concentric zone. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.3 Identify types of overlapping urban areas defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. 25) A family with several children living in a newer home likely A) lives adjacent to a major industrial zone. B) lives in an inner ring of the concentric zones of a city. C) lives in an outer ring of the concentric zones of a city. D) lives in an edge city. E) lives in the CBD. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

13 ..

26) You are an Asian-American family residing in the San Antonio metropolitan area. Based on the three models of social area analysis, you will most likely live

14 ..

A) inside of the I-410 corridor in an older home in a neighborhood where the average annual household income is below $50,000.

B) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the southwest side of the city where the average annual household income is below $50,000.

C) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the east side of the city where the average annual household income is below $50,000.

D) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the north-northwest side of the city where the average annual household income is above $90,000.

E) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the southeast side of the city where the average annual household income is above $90,000.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

15 ..

27) You are a Hispanic family residing in the San Antonio metropolitan area. Based on the three models of social area analysis, you will most likely live

16 ..

A) inside of the I-410 corridor in an older home in a neighborhood where the average annual household income is below $50,000, or outside the I-410 corridor on the southwest side of the city where the average annual household income is below $50,000.

B) in either the Helotes or Live Oak neighborhoods.

C) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the east side of the city where the average annual household income is below $50,000.

D) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the north-northwest side of the city where the average annual household income is above $90,000.

E) outside of the I-410 corridor in a newer home in a neighborhood on the southeast side of the city where the average annual household income is above $90,000.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.8 Explain how geographers use the four models of urban structure in social area analysis.

28) Which of the following is NOT one of the limitations of the three models on the internal social structure of the city?

A) The models are too simple and fail to consider the variety of reasons that lead people to select particular residential locations.

B) The three models are all based entirely on conditions in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.

C) Critics question their relevance to contemporary urban patterns in the United States and in other countries.

D) The models when taken individually cannot explain why different types of people live in distinctive parts of a city.

E) The models all assume that over time, cities will evolve to accommodate critical changes in demography and adapt to the growing needs of the urban poor.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 13.4 Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.9 Identify the limitations of the four models of urban structure.

17 ..

29) Which of the following is a major difference between the CBD in Europe and those in the United States? A) Very few people live in European CBDs as compared to the United States. B) Wealthy people tend to avoid living in the CBD in Europe. C) More people live in European CBDs as compared to the United States. D) Property values are much lower in European CBDs as compared to the United States where property values are highest. E) European CBDs make no attempt to preserve their historic buildings. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.10 Illustrate the differences between the central business district of European and U.S. cities.

30) What type of consumer service will not usually be found in a European CBD? A) A small corner grocery store B) A wine and spirits shop C) A large department store D) A pub E) A bakery Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.10 Illustrate the differences between the central business district of European and U.S. cities.

18 ..

31) What spatial patterns are present in London with respect to household income?

A) The highest household incomes are located in the city center and get lower at the peripheries of London.

B) The lowest household incomes are located in the city center and get higher at the peripheries of London.

C) Higher household incomes tend to be clustered in the western half of London, while lower household incomes tend to be found more frequently in the eastern half of London.

D) Higher household incomes tend to be clustered in the eastern half of London, while lower household incomes tend to be found more frequently in the western half of London.

E) There are no spatial patterns present in London with respect to household income.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.11 Apply the four models of urban structure to European cities.

19 ..

32) The most prominent structures within the European CBD are often A) skyscrapers.

B) single-family homes.

C) public parks, churches, and former royal palaces.

D) industrial parks and factories.

E) low-income housing developments.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.10 Illustrate the differences between the central business district of European and U.S. cities.

33) Service providers often wish to be in the center of European cities. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the realities faced by service providers within the European CBD? A) Crime is generally much worse within the CBD. B) Construction of new buildings is extremely difficult.

C) A service provider may have to engage in costly renovations of existing buildings.

D) Space within the CBD is extremely limited and may not be large enough to accommodate service providers.

E) Rent within the CBD is extremely high as compared to American cities of a similar size.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.10 Illustrate the differences between the central business district of European and U.S. cities.

20 ..

34) You are a recently arrived Bangladeshi immigrant in London. Where will you likely live?

A) In neighborhoods east of the city center B) In the southern suburbs C) The western suburbs D) The northern suburbs E) In a rural bedroom community far from London Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.11 Apply the four models of urban structure to European cities.

21 ..

35) Which of the following is TRUE about the age of housing in London?

A) Older housing in London is north of the Thames River, while newer housing is south of the Thames River.

B) Older housing in London is in the outer rings, while newer housing is in the city center.

C) Newer housing in London is in the outer rings, while older housing is in the city center.

D) Newer housing in London is north of the Thames River, while older housing is south of the Thames River.

E) Newer housing is primarily found on the west end of London, while older housing is clustered on the east end.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.11 Apply the four models of urban structure to European cities.

22 ..

36) The colonial city plan that the Spaniards followed for conquered Latin American cities included all of the following EXCEPT A) it was built around a main center square.

B) the streets were laid out in a grid pattern.

C) a large church was built on or near the center square.

D) a prominent government building or "National Palace" was built on or near the main center square.

E) monuments to honor the religious temples of the previous inhabitants were erected.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.7 Changing Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.13 Show how colonialism influenced the development of Mexico City.

37) South Africa cities under during the apartheid era followed which urban model?

A) Concentric zone B) Galactic (peripheral) C) Multiple nuclei D) Sector E) Edge city Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.14 Relate the models of urban structure to urban areas in developing countries.

38) The original founders of Mexico City (formerly known as Tenochtitlán) were the A) Aztec.

B) Chapultepec.

C) Maya.

D) Spanish.

E) Texcoco.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.7 Changing Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.13 Show how colonialism influenced the development of Mexico City.

23 ..

39) Where are the lowest socioeconomic levels within modern Mexico City?

24 ..

A) In the city center B) Around the peripheries of the city C) Exclusively north of the city center D) Exclusively south of the city center E) Largely to the west of the city center Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.7 Changing Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.13 Show how colonialism influenced the development of Mexico City.

40) What was the prime reason wealthy people gravitated to the southwest sector of Mexico City during the second half of the nineteenth century?

A) The Mexican government gave tax breaks to people who opted to move into the southwest sector of the city.

B) Lake Texcoco was located in the southwest sector of the city, offering wealthy people the ability to build a home with lakeside access.

C) The southwestern sector of Mexico City is built atop more geologically stable ground, which is more resistant to earthquakes.

D) The emperor of Mexico resided in the southwest sector of the city, and wealthy people wished to reside close to the emperor.

E) The southwest sector of Mexico City is on higher ground, and thus wastewater flowed away from this sector of the city.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.7 Changing Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.13 Show how colonialism influenced the development of Mexico City.

25 ..

41) In developing countries A) care is taken to make sure no poor person lives in the suburbs.

B) there is no discernible urban pattern.

C) the wealthy are accommodated in the outer rings, whereas the poor live near the center of cities as well as in a sector extending from the center.

D) the poor are accommodated in the outer rings, whereas the wealthy live near the center of cities as well as in a sector extending from the center.

E) the majority of the population lives in suburbs, as is the case in the United States.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.14 Relate the models of urban structure to urban areas in developing countries.

42) Geographers Griffin and Ford show that in Latin American cities, wealthy people A) push out from the center in a well-defined elite residential sector.

B) push into the center in a well-defined elite residential sector.

C) have always lived exclusively in the center.

D) have always lived in the peripheries away from the center.

E) abhor the city center because of the high marginal tax rates.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.14 Relate the models of urban structure to urban areas in developing countries.

26 ..

43) Cities in developing countries containing a complex mix of ethnic groups show evidence of which urban structure model?

A) Multiple nuclei B) Concentric zones C) Griffin-Ford model D) Informal settings E) Sectors Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.14 Relate the models of urban structure to urban areas in developing countries.

44) Where will informal (squatter) settlements most likely be found in a city in a developing country?

A) Within the old colonial center B) Adjacent to the modern CBD C) Within an industrial zone D) In the outer concentric rings of the city E) In governmental zones because everyone has access to the public land Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.15 Explain how and why cities in developing countries develop informal squatter settlements.

27 ..

45) Which of the following is FALSE regarding informal (squatter) settlements?

A) Squatter settlements usually are found in the outer concentric rings of the city, far from the urban core.

B) Squatter settlements usually lack amenities such as schools, paved roads, and public sanitation.

C) The occupants of squatter settlements have no legal claim to the land.

D) Squatter settlements usually have well-made homes and often contain the finest homes in the city.

E) Squatter settlements often have little to no access to existing public transportation networks.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.15 Explain how and why cities in developing countries develop informal squatter settlements.

46) The multiple nuclei model established by T.G. McGee argues in Southeast Asia that A) cities will have a well-defined CBD. B) there will be several nodes of "alien zones" where newcomers live and work.

C) there will be large suburbs from which the city residents will commute.

D) people will be segregated into different neighborhoods by race.

E) there will be a well-defined spine where the elite will live near to high-end commercial shopping districts.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.14 Relate the models of urban structure to urban areas in developing countries.

28 ..

47) The process of legally adding land area to a city is called A) stealing.

B) encroachment.

C) gerrymandering.

D) confiscation.

E) annexation.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.16 Describe the processes of annexation and fragmentation and their roles in the growth of cities and suburbs.

48) What percentage of Americans today live in suburbs?

A) 90% B) 70% C) 60% D) 40% E) 30% Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.17 Explain the concept of sprawl, and describe how it affects the landscape, local governments, and the lives of people in suburbs.

49) The number of local government units in the United States exceeds A) 200.

B) 5,000.

C) 30,000.

D) 90,000.

E) 200,000.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.17 Explain the concept of sprawl, and describe how it affects the landscape, local governments, and the lives of people in suburbs.

29 ..

50) Which of the following is NOT a result of suburban sprawl?

A) Urban gentrification B) Loss of agricultural land C) More fuel is consumed due to longer commuting distances.

D) Utilities extend longer distances to connect isolated new developments.

E) New housing is created that is not contiguous to the existing urban area, resulting in fragmentation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.17 Explain the concept of sprawl, and describe how it affects the landscape, local governments, and the lives of people in suburbs.

51) Legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland has been called A) annexation.

B) sprawl.

C) smart growth.

D) social area analysis.

E) communism.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.18 Explain the process of smart growth, and how it impacts suburban development patterns.

30 ..

52) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding suburbanization in the United States during the twentieth century?

A) Fewer Americans lived in suburbs in 2000 than did in 1900.

B) More Americans lived in suburbs in 2000 than did in 1900.

C) Suburbanization caused the density gradient to increase within inner cities throughout the twentieth century.

D) The majority of Americans who migrated to the suburbs during the twentieth century were Black, Hispanic, or other people of color.

E) Suburbs annexed cities throughout the twentieth century.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.16 Describe the processes of annexation and fragmentation and their roles in the growth of cities and suburbs.

31 ..

53) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the density gradient in Cleveland between 1900 and 2020?

32 ..

A) The number of persons per square mile in central Cleveland increased during the first half of the twentieth century.

B) The density gradient for Cleveland is at its greatest extreme in 2020.

C) The number of persons per square mile increased in central Cleveland throughout the twentieth century, while the number of persons per square mile in the periphery decreased throughout the twentieth century.

D) The number of persons per square mile decreased in central Cleveland throughout the twentieth century, while the number of persons per square mile in the periphery increased throughout the twentieth century.

E) Cleveland has seen no changes to its density gradient between 1900 and 2020.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.19 Illustrate how suburban sprawl has affected the density gradients of cities in the United States.

54) Which of the following is TRUE regarding suburbanization in the United States?

A) Suburban communities are often built for people from different socioeconomic classes.

B) Most Americans do not reside in suburbs.

C) Zoning ordinances are not permitted in suburban communities.

D) Suburban communities are often segregated by race and social class due to unaffordable housing prices and the unwelcoming attitudes of the local residents.

E) Suburbs are attractive destinations for low-income people due to the affordable housing found within those communities.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.17 Explain the concept of sprawl and describe how it affects the landscape, local governments, and the lives of people in suburbs; 13.21 Describe the role of motor vehicles in American life and their impact on land use in urban areas.

33 ..

55) What percentage of motor vehicle journeys in the United States are work related? A) Less than one-fourth B) Less than one-third C) More than one-half D) More than threefourths E) Almost all motor vehicle journeys are work-related. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.21 Describe the role of motor vehicles in American life and their impact on land use in urban areas. 56) Before the advent of streetcars, commuter trains, and subways, the growth of suburbs was A) constrained by the lack of transportation. B) accelerated by excellent transportation. C) hindered by industrial expansion. D) limited by the laws governing building new side streets. E) accelerated by the lack of rules involving the construction of side roads. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.20 Discuss the 5 epochs of transportation in relation to the changing structure of U.S. cities.

34 ..

57) Rome and Utica are two mid-sized cities in upstate New York. They are both located on the Erie Canal, which was a major inland shipping route. Rome and Utica achieved their greatest economic prosperity during which transportation epoch?

A) 1790—1830 B) 1830—1870 C) 1870—1920 D) 1920—1970 E) 1970—present Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.20 Discuss the 5 epochs of transportation in relation to the changing structure of U.S. cities.

58) The U.S. government has paid for 90 percent of the cost of limited-access A) nuclear-powered passenger ships and barges.

B) major airports to support the struggling airline industry.

C) subway and light rail systems in urban areas.

D) high-speed interstate highways.

E) passenger trains.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.22 Summarize the history and ongoing debate regarding public transport versus private motor vehicles in the U.S. cities.

35 ..

59) What has been the major contributor to the decline in public transportation ridership in the United States since the end of WWII in the 1940s?

A) A decline in the overall population of metropolitan areas in the United States B) Public transportation has become too expensive to use.

C) The rise of the automobile as the primary form of transportation in the United States D) The elimination of funding for the building and maintenance of public transportation networks E) Public transportation is too slow.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.22 Summarize the history and ongoing debate regarding public transport versus private motor vehicles in the U.S. cities.

36 ..

60) The largest ridership on public transport networks in American cities is in

A) the Southeast.

B) Texas.

C) the Northeast.

D) cities in the interior West, such as Denver, Las Vegas, and Salt Lake City.

E) Alaska and Hawaii.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 13.22 Summarize the history and ongoing debate regarding public transport versus private motor vehicles in the U.S. cities.

37 ..

61) Which of the following actions is helpful in reducing traffic congestion in urban areas?

A) Building freeways and interchanges which slice through the CBD B) Building extensive parking lots and/or above-ground parking lots within the CBD C) Government policies that keep fuel prices artificially low D) Building a new subway system, which can handle 100,000 passengers at rush hour E) Rezoning the CBD to allow for more construction of roads Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.22 Summarize the history and ongoing debate regarding public transport versus private motor vehicles in the U.S. cities.

62) The process by which middle-class people move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing is known as A) gentrification.

B) gerrymandering.

C) redlining.

D) annexation.

E) kleptocracy.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.24 Describe the process of gentrification and its effect on inner-city neighborhoods.

38 ..

63) Which of the following is NOT a reason why middle-class people are attracted to the U.S. inner city?

A) Houses may be larger and better constructed, yet cheaper in the inner city than in the suburbs.

B) Houses may possess attractive architectural details such as ornate fireplaces and wood trim.

C) Those who work downtown can enjoy their proximity to work.

D) There is proximity to theaters, restaurants, and other cultural and recreational facilities located downtown.

E) Downtown public schools are superior, with quality instruction and high graduation rates.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.24 Describe the process of gentrification and its effect on inner-city neighborhoods.

64) Which of the following is a key issue to the inability of inner-city residents to find stable employment?

A) Inner-city residents are usually overqualified for the jobs, which are available in their local community.

B) The urban density of the inner-city neighborhoods is too great, and there are too many people seeking too few jobs within the inner city.

C) The population of most inner-city neighborhoods is largely comprised of elderly people who no longer are able to work.

D) Urban gentrification does not permit employers from advertising open positions within innercity neighborhoods.

E) The jobs for which inner-city residents may qualify are often located in suburban areas, and many inner-city residents lack transportation.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.23 Identify major inner-city challenges.

39 ..

65) How large is the homeless population in the United States?

A) Roughly 5,800 people B) Roughly 58,000 people C) Roughly 580,000 people D) 5.8 million people E) 58 million people Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.23 Identify major inner-city challenges.

66) Which of the following is NOT an example of smart growth?

A) State laws that discourage the building of new highways B) City laws that allow annexation of lands only found within the current urban growth area C) State laws that define specific growth boundaries in which development may occur D) City laws that give tax incentives to developers to build a housing development on former industrial land E) State laws that give real estate developers huge tax breaks for developing rural land Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 13.8 Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.18 Explain the process of smart growth, and how it impacts suburban development patterns.

67) Unwed mothers give birth to what percentage of the babies in American inner-city neighborhoods?

A) One-tenth B) One-third C) One-half D) Two-thirds E) Three quarters Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.23 Identify major inner-city challenges.

40 ..

68) Poor inner city residents in the United States face all of the following EXCEPT A) crime.

B) drugs.

C) lack of jobs commensurate to their skill sets.

D) lack of basic public services.

E) sprawl.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.23 Identify major inner-city challenges.

69) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding urban gentrification?

A) Gentrification tends to attract young, childless, and gainfully employed people into the inner city.

B) Bars, theaters, and cultural attractions tend to avoid locating in gentrified neighborhoods.

C) The homes in gentrified neighborhoods are usually new or have been built within the last five years.

D) Gentrification largely is a phenomenon found in suburban neighborhoods.

E) Gentrification tends to attract lower middle class working families with large numbers of children.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.24 Describe the process of gentrification and its effect on inner-city neighborhoods.

41 ..

70) Which of the following individuals would be most likely to choose to reside in a gentrified inner-city neighborhood?

A) A recently-arrived immigrant from a developing country with few job skills B) A family with three small school-age children where both parents have jobs in the suburbs C) A single male in his 20s without children and a well-paying job at a downtown IT firm D) An elderly farmer who is now in need of round-the-clock medical care E) An unemployed college student in her freshman year at a major state university Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.24 Describe the process of gentrification and its effect on inner-city neighborhoods.

71) Briefly describe the characteristics of the concentric zone model.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.6 Identify the four models of urban structure used to describe where groups typically cluster within urban areas.

72) Briefly describe the sector model for the internal social structure of cities.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.6 Identify the four models of urban structure used to describe where groups typically cluster within urban areas.

42 ..

73) Briefly describe the multiple nuclei model for the internal social structure of cities.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.3 Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.7 Compare the characteristics of the rings, sectors, and nuclei in the four models of urban structure.

74) What are the primary characteristics of European CBD, and how do they differ from the typical CBD in the United States?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.5 Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.10 Illustrate the differences between the central business district of European and U.S. cities.

75) Describe what services are located within the contemporary CBD, and the advantages they have by locating within that part of the city.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.2 The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.5 Identify and define the attributes of the central business district (CBD).

76) Compare and contrast the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial structure of Mexico City.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.7 Changing Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.13 Show how colonialism influenced the development of Mexico City.

43 ..

77) What are informal (squatter) settlements, and what are some of the major challenges their residents face?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.6 Urban Structure Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.15 Explain how and why cities in developing countries develop informal squatter settlements.

78) Explain why most Americans prefer private automobiles instead of public transportation.

Why do they perceive public transportation is more expensive, and why is that perception incorrect?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.9 Urban Transportation Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.22 Summarize the history and ongoing debate regarding public transport versus private motor vehicles in the U.S. cities.

79) What are some of the challenges that low-income residents of inner cities face in the United States?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.23 Identify major inner-city challenges.

80) What is gentrification? What are some of the drivers of gentrification, and how may it impact low-income inner-city residents?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 13.10 Challenges & Hopes for Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS12 The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 13.24 Describe the process of gentrification and its effect on inner-city neighborhoods.

44 ..

Contemporary Human Geography, 5e (Rubenstein) Chapter 14 Resource Issues 1) Energy demand in the United States comes from all of the following principal sources EXCEPT A) industry.

B) transportation.

C) homes.

D) services.

E) agriculture.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

2) A substance in the physical environment that has value to human beings is A) energy.

B) a reserve.

C) a resource.

D) power.

E) a mineral.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

1 ..

3) Which region consumes 20 percent of the world's energy, while only making up five percent of Earth's population?

A) North America B) China C) India D) Europe E) Russia Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.2 State the two main, global inequalities in the demand for, and supply of, fossil fuels.

4) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, humans relied mostly on what kind of power?

A) Animate B) Inanimate C) Nonrenewable D) Proven E) Articulated Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

2 ..

5) Before the widespread use of fossil fuels, the most important source of energy was A) biomass. B) coal. C) natural gas. D) petroleum. E) alcohol. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources. 6) The quantity of something producers have for sale is known as the ________ whereas the ________ is the quantity that people wish to consume and are able to buy. A) demand; supply B) demand; resource C) resource; supply D) supply; resource E) supply; demand Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.3 Hypothesize as to why the consumption of fossil fuels in developing countries has surpassed that in the developed countries.

3 ..

7) The United States converted wood to what form of energy in the late nineteenth century?

A) Solar B) Coal C) Wind D) Petroleum E) Nuclear Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.4 Identify the three types of consumption that create the most demand for energy in the United States.

8) China has recently surpassed the United States as the world leader for A) the supply of energy.

B) the per capita consumption of energy.

C) the overall consumption of energy.

D) the cleanest urban air quality.

E) highest efficiency automobiles.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.3 Hypothesize as to why the consumption of fossil fuels in developing countries has surpassed that in the developed countries.

4 ..

9) Which source of energy has become obsolete in the United States?

A) Nuclear power B) Wood C) Petroleum D) Coal E) Natural gas Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

5 ..

10) Which of the following continents has the lowest overall level of energy consumption per capita?

A) Africa B) Asia C) Europe D) North America E) South America Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.3 Hypothesize as to why the consumption of fossil fuels in developing countries has surpassed that in the developed countries.

6 ..

11) Which two regions account for one-half of the world's petroleum?

A) Russia and the United States B) China and North America C) China and Southwest Asia D) Russia and Southwest Asia E) North America and Southwest Asia Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.5 Describe the geographic distribution of coal, gas, and petroleum production.

12) Why is coal typically found at mid-latitudes and not evenly distributed across the globe?

A) Coal formed preferentially in the mid-latitudes 250 million years ago.

B) Coal was formed in the tropical regions a long time ago and relocated to the mid-latitudes due to continental drift.

C) Coal turned to petroleum or natural gas in other parts of the world 250 million years ago.

D) Coal is distributed fairly uniformly but exploration has focused on the mid-latitudes.

E) The mid-latitudes had the ideal swampy conditions that initiated the long process of turning dead organisms into coal.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.5 Describe the geographic distribution of coal, gas, and petroleum production.

7 ..

13) Fossil fuels are A) infinite resources.

B) evenly distributed around the world.

C) overwhelmingly found in tropical latitudes.

D) resources such as wind, hydroelectric and solar power.

E) unevenly distributed around the world.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.5 Describe the geographic distribution of coal, gas, and petroleum production.

14) OPEC is largely comprised of countries A) in the Western Hemisphere.

B) of countries possessing petroleum reserves, largely in Southwest Asia and North Africa.

C) in the developed world.

D) which export large quantities of natural gas.

E) that export coal to the developing world.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.6 Examine the role of OPEC in the global supply of petroleum.

8 ..

15) The largest producers of coal in the world is

A) Russia.

B) the United States.

C) Canada.

D) China.

E) Australia.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.5 Describe the geographic distribution of coal, gas, and petroleum production.

9 ..

16) The two largest producers of natural gas are

A) Russia and the United States.

B) China and the United States.

C) China and Saudi Arabia.

D) Saudi Arabia and the United States.

E) Russia and Saudi Arabia.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.5 Describe the geographic distribution of coal, gas, and petroleum production.

10 ..

17) The largest single source for petroleum within the United States is

11 ..

A) Saudi Arabia. B) Canada. C) Mexico. D) Venezuela. E) domestic oil production. Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.7 Illustrate how the source of petroleum products changed for the United States.

12 ..

18) Which one of the following statements is TRUE concerning the global petroleum trade?

A) Saudi Arabia is a key petroleum destination, and China is a key petroleum source.

B) Saudi Arabia is a key petroleum source, and the United States is a key petroleum destination.

C) Russia and Canada are both key petroleum destinations.

D) China, India, and Japan are all key petroleum sources.

E) Europe is a key petroleum source, and Iran is a key petroleum destination.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.7 Illustrate how the source of petroleum products changed for the United States.

13 ..

19) Saudi Arabia has relatively large proven reserves of A) coal.

B) petroleum.

C) natural gas.

D) tar sandstone.

E) hydraulic fracking.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

20) The amount of energy in fields not yet discovered but thought to exist is a A) nonrenewable energy.

B) potential reserve.

C) proven reserve.

D) resource.

E) future commodity.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

14 ..

21) Which four nations have the largest proven reserves of coal?

A) China, Russia, Australia, and the United States B) Saudi Arabia, Iran, Libya, and Russia C) China, India, Russia, and the United States D) Canada, Russia, China, and the United States E) Australia, Russia, Japan, and South Africa Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

22) China has relatively large proven reserves of A) coal.

B) petroleum.

C) natural gas.

D) tar sandstone.

E) geothermal energy.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

15 ..

23) At current rates of use, the proven reserves of petroleum will last how long? A) 4.3 years B) 43 years C) 430 years D) 4,300 years E) 1.7 trillion years Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves. 24) Canada possesses massive deposits of an unconventional resource called A) high technology extraction reserves. B) unprofitable reserves. C) potential reserves. D) fracking. E) oil sands. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.9 Give examples of two types of unconventional fossil fuel resources.

16 ..

25) The practice of extracting more gas from reserves by pumping water at high pressure is called A) fracking. B) high pressure extraction. C) hydraulic removal. D) liquid phase extraction. E) cracking. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.9 Give examples of two types of unconventional fossil fuel resources. 26) Three nations account for almost half of the proven natural gas reserves.

They are A) Canada, Russia, and the United States. B) China, Russia, and the United States.

C) Iran, Qatar, and the United States. D) Iran, Qatar, and Russia. E) China, Canada, and Saudi Arabia. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

17 ..

27) What are the three principal fossil fuels on Earth?

A) Coal, petroleum, and water B) Coal, wind, and water C) Solar, wind, and water D) Petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear E) Coal, petroleum, and natural gas Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.1 Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

28) Of the following common alternatives to fossil fuel resources, which is NOT renewable?

A) Hydroelectric B) Nuclear C) Solar D) Wind E) Geothermal Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.12 Differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable energy.

18 ..

29) The ultimate renewable resource for sustainable development is A) hydroelectric.

B) nuclear.

C) solar.

D) wind.

E) geothermal.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

30) Elaborate safety measures must be taken to store nuclear waste primarily because the waste is A) convertible into a nuclear weapon.

B) expensive.

C) radioactive.

D) scarce.

E) highly flammable.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

19 ..

31) A greenhouse is a good example of a building heated by A) direct active solar energy.

B) nuclear fusion.

C) passive solar energy.

D) photovoltaic cells.

E) indirect active solar energy.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.14 Explain the difference between an active and a passive solar energy system.

32) Where is an optimal location to generate geothermal energy?

A) Plate boundaries where volcanism is present B) Tropical latitudes where there is constant sunshine C) A coastal location where strong winds are constantly available D) A major river over which a dam can be erected E) An orbiting satellite that can absorb solar radiation Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

20 ..

33) The countries that are most dependent upon nuclear power are clustered in A) Asia.

B) Africa.

C) Europe.

D) South America.

E) the developing world.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

21 ..

34) On which two continents does hydroelectric power constitute a significant portion of their generation of electricity?

A) North America and Australia B) South America and Africa C) South America and Asia D) Africa and Australia E) Europe and Asia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

22 ..

35) Which of the following is a pollutant at the global scale? A) Carbon dioxide B) Carbon monoxide C) Sulfur oxides D) Particulates E) Acid precipitation Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples. 36) Air pollution is A) a form of photochemical smog. B) gaseous sulfur and phosphorus. C) a concentration of a trace substance at a level greater than occurs in average air. D) a concentration of a trace substance at a level greater than one percent. E) concentrated in tropical regions. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples. 37) The combination of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, when combined with oxygen and water, produces A) acid precipitation. B) chlorofluorocarbon. C) greenhouse effects. D) photochemical smog. E) ammonia. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.16 Describe the environmental impacts from acid precipitation, and why its effects are worse far from its source region.

23 ..

38) Which of the following is a pollutant at the local scale? A) Carbon dioxide B) Carbon monoxide C) Acid precipitation D) Sulfur oxides E) Chlorofluorocarbons Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples. 39) The increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide trapping radiation is A) thermal feedback. B) isothermic depletion. C) the greenhouse effect. D) photochemical smog. E) the anaerobic process. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.17 Explain why global-scale issues such as global climate change and ozone damage are significant. 40) A condition in which sunlight causes hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides to react in the atmosphere produces A) acid deposition. B) chlorofluorocarbon. C) greenhouse effect. D) photochemical smog. E) ammonia. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples.

24 ..

41) Which of the following is a pollutant at the regional scale?

A) Carbon dioxide B) Carbon monoxide C) Acid precipitation D) Particulates E) Chlorofluorocarbons Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.16 Describe the environmental impacts from acid precipitation, and why its effects are worse far from its source region.

42) Which of the following pollutants is threatening the Earth's ozone layer?

A) Sulfur dioxides B) Chlorofluorocarbons C) The greenhouse effect D) Photochemical smog E) Nitrous oxide Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.17 Explain why global-scale issues such as global climate change and ozone damage are significant.

43) The worst urban air pollution in the world is concentrated within cities on which continent?

A) Africa B) Asia C) Europe D) North America E) South America Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples.

25 ..

44) The average surface temperature of the Earth has increased by how many degrees since 1880. A) 0.01°C B) 0.1°C C) 1.0°C D) 10.0°C E) 100.0°C Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.17 Explain why global-scale issues such as global climate change and ozone damage are significant. 45) The worst air pollution occurs when A) winds are strong, and skies are overcast. B) winds are strong, and skies are clear. C) winds are strong, skies are overcast, and a temperature inversion exists. D) winds are slight, skies are clear, and a temperature inversion exists. E) winds are slight, skies are overcast, and a temperature inversion exists. Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples. 46) Steel, food processing, and chemical industries are major industrial polluters of water primarily because they A) are major users of municipal sewage systems. B) release runoffs of pesticides. C) generate large amounts of warm wastewater harmful to aquatic life. D) require small amounts of water in the manufacturing process. E) generate superheated steam. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.6 Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.18 List the three main sources that generate the most water pollution.

26 ..

47) Water polluted by a farmer's poor irrigation control of fertilized lands is an example of A) nonpoint source pollution.

B) point source pollution.

C) biochemical oxygen demand pollution.

D) municipal sewage pollution.

E) industrial pollution.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.6 Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.20 Compare and contrast point-source and nonpoint-source water pollution and the geographic impact of both.

48) When water is returned to nature as a liquid after being used, it is known as A) point source.

B) nonpoint source.

C) consumptive.

D) nonconsumptive.

E) biochemical.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.6 Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.20 Compare and contrast point-source and nonpoint-source water pollution and the geographic impact of both.

27 ..

49) The heaviest demand for water comes from A) industry.

B) home usage.

C) agriculture.

D) fishing.

E) desalination plants.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.6 Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.19 Explain how the demand for water affects agriculture and the biodiversity of aquatic life.

50) The most common strategy for solid waste disposal in the United States is A) incineration.

B) recycling.

C) disposal at sea.

D) reuse in another process.

E) burial in a sanitary landfill.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.21 Explain how landfills are used to dispose of solid waste.

51) Which of the following is NOT a hazardous waste?

A) Heavy metals B) PCB oils C) Cyanides D) Strong solvents E) Biomass Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.23 Explain why the disposal of hazardous waste is especially difficult.

28 ..

52) Hazardous waste is especially problematic because improper disposal A) may pollute air or water resources. B) is performed at the global scale. C) is easily done at sanitary landfills. D) is impossible. E) is too costly for most industries to afford. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.23 Explain why the disposal of hazardous waste is especially difficult. 53) The largest producer of hazardous waste in the United States is (the) A) military. B) mining industry. C) steel industry. D) agriculture. E) electronics manufacturing. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.22 Speculate about how solid waste disposal affects the environment. 54) The average American produces how many pounds of solid waste per day? A) 0.5 pounds B) 1 pound C) 2 pounds D) 5 pounds E) 10 pounds Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.22 Speculate about how solid waste disposal affects the environment.

29 ..

55) In contrast to air and water pollution, solid waste pollution is A) burned or incinerated.

B) recycled into new materials.

C) concentrated in landfills.

D) emitted into the Earth's ozone layer.

E) dispersed into the oceans.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.21 Explain how landfills are used to dispose of solid waste.

56) The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of the unwanted material is known as A) point-processing.

B) fracking.

C) cracking.

D) recycling.

E) sustainability.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.8 Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.24 Define recycling, and explain how it benefits the environment.

57) What European nation is a leader in recycling, with almost 67% of all solid waste recycled?

A) Germany B) Italy C) Spain D) England E) Poland Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.8 Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.24 Define recycling, and explain how it benefits the environment.

30 ..

58) Which of the following is NOT a common way in which discarded materials are normally recycled?

A) Curbside programs B) Drop-off centers C) Buy-back centers D) Deposit programs E) Government tax credits Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.8 Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.25 Describe the strategies and activities involved in the process of recycling.

59) Which of the following is NOT a recycled product routinely used as an input into manufacturing?

A) Paper B) Plastic C) Concrete D) Aluminum E) Glass Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.8 Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.26 Identify materials that are recycled, and explain how manufacturer utilize these materials.

31 ..

60) The most commonly recycled product is

A) metal.

B) paper.

C) glass.

D) plastic.

E) rubber.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 14.8 Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.26 Identify materials that are recycled, and explain how manufacturer utilize these materials.

32 ..

61) What are three key elements of the UN strategy to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions?

A) Ban all nonelectric vehicles, engage in carbon capture/storage (CCS), and reduce global poverty B) Increase temperature inversions, engage in carbon capture/storage (CCS), and increase the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) C) Sharply decrease reliance on fossil fuels, increase the use of renewable energy, and engage in carbon capture/storage (CCS) D) Increase reliance on fossil fuels, reduce nonpoint source pollution, and increase the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) E) Increase reliance on nuclear energy, engage in carbon capture/storage (CCS), and invest more heavily in hydraulic fracking Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 14.9 The Car of the Future Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.31 Evaluate whether strategies to decrease global pollution and fossil fuel dependency will succeed.

62) What is the core disadvantage of a fully electric vehicle?

A) They do not work in inclement weather.

B) They do not contain any of the safety features that governments require.

C) They are banned in most countries, including the United States.

D) They cannot exceed 50MPH due to the limitations of the battery.

E) They must be frequently recharged.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 14.9 The Car of the Future Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.27 Evaluate the pros and cons of alternative energy sources for cars of the future.

33 ..

63) Sustainable development is implemented through A) place and region.

B) scale and space.

C) conservation and connection.

D) conservation and preservation.

E) preservation and connection.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.30 Compare and contrast conservation and preservation as two different ways of regarding resources.

34 ..

64) Which part of the continental United States relies the most heavily upon hydroelectric?

A) Northeast B) Southeast C) Midwest D) Southwest E) Pacific Northwest Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 14.9 The Car of the Future Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.28 Identify reasons for regional variations in electricity in the United States.

35 ..

65) Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and world population?

A) The developing world comprises a minority of the world population but the majority of global CO2 emissions.

B) The developed world comprises both a majority of the world population and the majority of global CO2 emissions.

C) The developing world generates a greater share of global CO2 emissions than its share of the world population.

D) The developed world generates a greater share of global CO2 emissions than its share of the world population.

E) The developed and developing world generates an equal share of global CO2 emissions.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 14.9 The Car of the Future Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO3 Read and interpret graphs and data Learning Outcome: 14.31 Evaluate whether strategies to decrease global pollution and fossil fuel dependency will succeed.

66) Conservation is A) the sustainable use and management of natural resources.

B) maintenance of resources in their present condition.

C) invention and diffusion of new agricultural practices.

D) breeding programs to rebuild endangered species.

E) maintaining wild environments.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.30 Compare and contrast conservation and preservation as two different ways of regarding resources.

36 ..

67) Preservation is A) the sustainable use and management of natural resources.

B) maintenance of resources in their present condition.

C) invention and diffusion of new agricultural practices.

D) breeding programs to rebuild endangered species.

E) recycling natural resources.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.30 Compare and contrast conservation and preservation as two different ways of regarding resources.

68) Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the challenges facing the small nations of Luxembourg and Timor-Leste?

A) Microbial diseases, such as typhoid and cholera, impact Luxembourg more than Timor-Leste.

B) Acid precipitation is a greater problem in Timor-Leste than in Luxembourg.

C) Sea-level rise due to climate change is a more dire issue for Luxembourg than it is for TimorLeste.

D) Internal travel within Timor-Leste is more difficult than internal travel within Luxembourg.

E) Industrial pollution is a greater problem in Timor-Leste than in Luxembourg.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.32 Review the five basic concepts of geography as they apply to the example countries of Luxembourg and Timor-Leste.

37 ..

69) Which of the following is NOT a key concept in the study of human geography?

A) Place B) Space C) Scale D) Population E) Connection Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.32 Review the five basic concepts of geography as they apply to the example countries of Luxembourg and Timor-Leste.

70) The belief that the rate at which trees should be cut down should not exceed the rate that they are replaced is representative of what kind of approach?

A) Preservation B) Wilderness C) Conservation D) Industrial E) Biodiversity Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.30 Compare and contrast conservation and preservation as two different ways of regarding resources.

71) What are the three main fossil fuels? Describe their general distribution across the planet.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.2 Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.1 Identify the three fossil fuels from which most energy is derived and list two other contemporary energy sources.

38 ..

72) Nuclear power is often viewed as an alternative to fossil fuels. What are the challenges associated with using nuclear power?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.13 Identify alternative energy sources and discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

73) What is the difference between a proven reserve and a potential reserve?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.3 Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.8 Identify proven fossil fuel reserves and the main countries where they are found, and explain how potential reserves differ from proven reserves.

74) Describe the various ways in which solar energy may be harnessed.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.4 Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.14 Explain the difference between an active and a passive solar energy system.

75) Describe the three basic components of local-scale urban air pollution.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.15 Identify the three spatial scales of air pollution, citing examples.

39 ..

76) What factors and processes go into the formation of acid precipitation? What are the effects of acid precipitation felt most acutely?

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.5 Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.16 Describe the environmental impacts from acid precipitation, and why its effects are worse far from its source region.

77) Identify and describe the differences between point-source and nonpoint-source water pollution.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.6 Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.20 Compare and contrast point-source and nonpoint-source water pollution and the geographic impact of both.

78) Explain why the disposal of hazardous waste is especially difficult.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.7 Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.23 Explain why the disposal of hazardous waste is especially difficult.

79) The gasoline-powered car is slowly giving way to electric-powered vehicles. Describe the benefits of electric vehicles as well as their current drawbacks.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.9 The Car of the Future Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS16 The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.27 Evaluate the pros and cons of alternative energy sources for cars of the future.

40 ..

80) Using the five key concepts of human geography, explain why Luxembourg and Timor-Leste have different challenges, despite their similarity in size.

Answer: Varies Diff: 3 Section: 14.10 Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating National Geography Std.: NGS14 How human actions modify the physical environment Global Science Standard: GSLO2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills Learning Outcome: 14.32 Review the five basic concepts of geography as they apply to the example countries of Luxembourg and Timor-Leste.

41 ..