Campbell Essential Biology, 6E Eric J. Simon Test Bank.pdf (22)

5) Which of the following neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system?

A) sensory neuron and motor neuron B) interneuron neuron and motor neuron C) interneuron neuron and sensory neuron D) only motor neurons Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 6) Multiple sclerosis involves primarily ________.

A) destruction of the medulla oblongata B) deterioration of the corpus callosum C) destruction of the myelin sheath D) deterioration of parts of the spinal cord Answer: C Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2, 27.4 Global LO: 5 7) Which of these carry incoming messages toward the cell body of a neuron?

A) axons B) dendrites C) actin filaments D) supporting cells Answer: B Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 8) Outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cells protect, insulate, and reinforce neurons?

A) sensory cells B) motor cells C) satellite cells D) supporting cells Answer: D Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2

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9) The minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is called the ________. A) threshold B) synaptic terminal C) membrane potential D) resting potential Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3 10) What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential?

A) Negatively charged ions rush out.

B) Positively charged ions rush in.

C) Positively charged ions rush out.

D) Negatively charged ions rush in.

Answer: B Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3 11) The movement of an action potential along a neuron is most like ________.

A) the ripples created by dropping a pebble into a pond, gradually decreasing in size as the waves spread apart B) a crowd at a sporting event doing the wave around a stadium C) a radio tower emitting a signal that reaches only a small region D) the sound of your voice spreading out as you yell loudly to your friend while at a park Answer: B Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.3 Global LO: 2 12) A neuron can relay a more intense signal by ________.

A) sending a stronger action potential B) sending more action potentials in a given amount of time C) sending an action potential that travels more quickly D) sending a longer action potential Answer: B Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3

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13) In a chemical synapse, what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?

A) synaptic terminal B) action potential C) synaptic cleft D) myelin sheath Answer: C Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3 14) Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning?

A) acetylcholine B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) endorphins Answer: C Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3 15) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Heroin binds to endorphin receptors.

B) Caffeine increases the effects of neurotransmitters that normally suppress nerve signals.

C) Alcohol is a stimulant.

D) Nicotine is a depressant.

Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.3 16) Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?

A) within the brain B) within the heart C) within the spinal cord D) between interneurons and motor neurons Answer: B Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.3 Global LO: 2

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17) Which of the following is(are) part of the central nervous system?

A) motor system B) brain and spinal cord C) brain only D) spinal cord only Answer: B Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 18) What part of the nervous system cushions the CNS and helps supply it with nutrients and hormones, and carries away wastes?

A) cerebrospinal fluid B) spinal cord C) interneurons D) the bones of the skull Answer: A Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 19) Which of the following effects could result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

A) decreased heart rate B) stimulated digestive organs C) secretion of epinephrine D) narrowing of the bronchi Answer: C Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 20) Realizing that you did not study as much as you needed to for this exam, you start to take the test. However, it is difficult to concentrate because your heart is racing, your stomach seems tied in a knot, you are breathing too quickly, and your mouth is dry. Most likely, you are experiencing the effects of the ________.

A) motor nervous system B) sympathetic division C) parasympathetic division D) central nervous system Answer: B Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.2 Global LO: 2

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21) You start to trip, but you keep your balance and don't fall. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling?

A) cerebral cortex B) thalamus C) cerebellum D) cerebrum Answer: C Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.2 Global LO: 2 22) Which, if any, of the following types of personal characteristics are based in the cerebral cortex?

A) reasoning abilities only B) artistic talents only C) personality traits only D) reasoning abilities, artistic talents, and personality traits Answer: D Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 23) Which one of the following correctly pairs the structure with its major function(s)?

A) hypothalamus–regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and hunger B) cerebellum–regulates memory, learning, and speech C) brainstem–is the input center for sensory data going to the cerebrum D) thalamus–coordinates balance Answer: A Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.2 24) The cerebral cortex is highly folded. Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?

A) The increased surface area increases the area for higher-level thinking.

B) The increased surface area permits greater contact between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

C) The folds form grooves that let the bones of the skull reach deeply down between brain regions.

D) The folds increase the areas where sensory receptors can reach the brain's surface.

Answer: A Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.2 Global LO: 2

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25) Which of the following was supported by the terrible accident that happened to Phineas Gage?

A) The cerebrum plays a major role in the sense of balance.

B) You cannot live without your hypothalamus.

C) The frontal lobes are associated with personality.

D) The pons plays a crucial role in hearing.

Answer: C Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 2 26) Alzheimer's disease is characterized by ________.

A) mental deterioration, memory loss, and personality changes B) extreme mood swings C) loss of energy and suicidal thoughts D) increased energy and extreme talkativeness Answer: A Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 5 27) The receptor potential is the ________.

A) membrane potential produced when a neurotransmitter molecule binds to its receptor B) membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction C) membrane potential produced as an all-or-none phenomenon D) membrane potential produced at a muscle cell Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.5 28) Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation of receptors?

A) going into deep sleep B) distinguishing between different colors C) ignoring the shoes on your feet D) detecting sound and light simultaneously Answer: C Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.5 Global LO: 2

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29) In contrast to action potentials, receptor potentials ________.

A) are all-or-none phenomena B) vary in intensity C) do not require a stimulus D) do not rely on changes in the membrane potential Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.5 30) In all types of chemoreceptors, receptor cells develop receptor potentials in response to ________.

A) changes in the movement of the surrounding molecules B) the electrical properties of the surrounding cells C) chemicals dissolved in a fluid such as blood or saliva D) the addition of positively charged proteins Answer: C Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 31) Standing out in center field, the baseball player watches the hitter's bat strike the ball and then, slightly later, hears the sound of the impact. What types of sensory receptors did the player just use?

A) thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors B) photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors C) chemoreceptors and pain receptors D) pain receptors and thermoreceptors Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 2 32) Thermoreceptors detect ________.

A) motion B) sound C) pressure D) temperature Answer: D Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6

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33) Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A) Cones are more sensitive to light than rods.

B) Rods can distinguish color.

C) There are three different types of cones in the human eye.

D) The human retina is completely covered with photoreceptors.

Answer: C Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 34) A person who cannot focus well on distant objects has ________.

A) farsightedness B) nearsightedness C) astigmatism D) cataracts Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 5 35) A person who has blurred vision caused by a misshapen lens or cornea has ________.

A) farsightedness B) nearsightedness C) astigmatism D) cataracts Answer: C Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 5 36) A person whose eyeball is shorter than normal suffers from ________.

A) farsightedness B) nearsightedness C) astigmatism D) cataracts Answer: A Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 5

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37) The organ of Corti is in the ________.

A) outer ear B) inner ear C) middle ear D) eardrum Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 38) When you hear, the ________ vibrates.

I) eardrum II) hammer III) stirrup A) I B) II C) III D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.6 39) Some adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have abnormally low activity of the neurotransmitter involved in pleasure, attention, memory, sleep, movement, and learning, which increases their risk of drug abuse. Which drug are they most likely to abuse?

A) cocaine B) morphine C) codeine D) alcohol Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems, 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.3, 27.4 Global LO: 2, 5

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40) If you lay your forearm along the table, you can rotate it so that your hand changes from a palm-down to a palm-up position. This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a ________ joint.

A) ball-and-socket B) hinge C) pivot D) twist Answer: C Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.7 Global LO: 2 41) Which one of the following is used to combat osteoporosis?

A) calcium and vitamin therapy B) anti-inflammatory medicines C) opiates D) splints or casts Answer: A Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.7 Global LO: 5 42) What best helps a broken bone heal?

A) grafting new bone to the region B) exercising the area with the broken bone C) taking calcium supplements D) returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.7 Global LO: 5 43) Arthritis is a common result of aging, affecting persons' ability to ________.

A) catch their breath after exercise B) move their joints C) heal broken bones D) produce red blood cells Answer: B Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.7 Global LO: 2, 5

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44) Muscles are connected to bones by ________.

A) thick filaments B) ligaments C) tendons D) myofibrils Answer: C Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.8 45) Functionally, what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?

A) thick filament B) thin filament C) myofibril D) sarcomere Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.8 46) A thick filament is made up of ________.

A) actin B) myosin C) sarcomere D) actin and myosin Answer: B Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.8 47) According to the sliding-filament model of muscle contraction, a sarcomere contracts when its ________.

A) thick filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere B) thin filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere C) thin and thick filaments slide further away from each other D) thin and thick filaments slide past each other to get closer together Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 27.8

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48) Would you expect motor units to vary in size? If so, which of these structures would probably have the largest ones?

A) No; all motor units are the same size.

B) Yes; a motor unit in the thigh to control leg movements would be the largest one.

C) Yes; a motor unit that controls eye movements would be the largest one.

D) Yes; a motor unit that controls hand movements would be the largest one.

Answer: B Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.8 Global LO: 2 49) A baseball player leaping for a baseball and a cricket jumping away from a frog are both using ________.

I) sensory receptors II) the central nervous system III) a muscle system A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.9 Global LO: 2 50) In a species, what is required for a new sensory adaptation to evolve by natural selection?

A) Individuals that needed this trait mutated a sensory receptor to create the new adaptation.

B) Individuals that possessed this trait produced more offspring than those that did not possess the trait.

C) Individuals that possessed this trait survived by chance, and passed on the trait to their offspring.

D) Individuals immigrated to a new area, and brought the trait with them.

Answer: B Topic: 27 The Process of Science, 27 Evolution connection Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.1 Global LO: 2, 7

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27.2 Art Questions 1) Examine the figure below. Once an action potential is triggered, ________.

A) the interior of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the outside B) the interior of the cell becomes negatively charged relative to the outside C) all ion channels close D) the cell soon reaches threshold Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.3 Global LO: 2, 3

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2) Examine the neurotransmitters in the synapse in the accompanying figure. What might happen to these neurotransmitters after step 4 is complete? The neurotransmitters ________.

A) are transported back to the sending neuron B) are transported into the receiving neuron C) remain in the synaptic cleft D) trigger an action potential in the sending neuron Answer: A Topic: 27.1 An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.3 Global LO: 2, 3

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3) The figure shows the human eye. Which part of the eye gives the eye its color?

A) sclera B) iris C) pupil D) retina Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 2, 3

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4) The figure below shows the structure of an arm bone. Which part of a bone contains stored fat?

A) red bone marrow B) cartilage C) the ends D) yellow bone marrow Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.7 Global LO: 2, 3

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5) Examine the structure of a muscle cell in the accompanying figure. Which one of the following statements about muscle structure is TRUE?

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A) Each muscle cell has one nucleus. B) Each myofibril consists of many muscle cells. C) Each muscle cell has one sarcomere. D) A sarcomere contains thick and thin filaments.

Answer: D Topic: 27.4 Locomotor Systems Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.8 Global LO: 2, 3 27.3 Scenario Questions Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions. The human eye is an incredible organ, capable of gathering light to focus on images near and far, in bright light or dim, and with quick adjustments between these extremes. However, eyes can develop problems, such as floaters, which are small particles that interfere with the transmission of light between the lens and the retina, and bloodshot eyes, which occur when irritants such as dust or smoke get in the eye. 1) Eyes can become bloodshot when irritants in the eye trigger an increased blood flow to the connective tissue covering the eye. These swollen blood vessels are located on the ________.

A) cornea B) sclera C) iris D) lens Answer: B Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 2 2) If floaters are small particles that interfere with the transmission of light between the lens and the retina, they must be located in the ________. A) pupil B) cornea C) jellylike fluid of the eye D) blind spot Answer: C Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 2

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3) When light levels suddenly increase, our eyes adjust quickly by reducing the size of the ________.

A) pupil B) retina C) iris D) cornea Answer: A Topic: 27.3 The Senses Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 27.6 Global LO: 2 Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.

Huntington's disease is a genetic disorder in which a mutation causes the production of a protein, which damages cells in the brain. Symptoms typically begin with changes in personality, attention, and reasoning. Uncoordinated and uncontrolled movements develop, such that physical abilities become limited. Cognitive problems worsen into dementia. There is currently no cure for Huntington's disease.

4) Given the symptoms of Huntington's disease, which structure in the brain is being damaged by the abnormal protein?

A) cerebellum B) cerebrum C) hypothalamus D) brainstem Answer: B Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 2, 5, 7 5) Scientists hypothesize that the abnormal protein stops vesicles from moving through the cytoskeleton. Predict the effect of this protein on the nervous system.

A) Neurotransmitters cannot be released.

B) Receptor potentials cannot occur.

C) Cerebrospinal fluid leaks out of the brain.

D) Action potentials become smaller.

Answer: A Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 2, 5, 7

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Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following questions.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal disorder characterized by muscle weakness. Stumbling when walking or difficulty with using a hand is a typical early symptom. Individuals with ALS lose the ability to consciously control movement, though cognitive and sensory functions generally remain unimpaired. There is currently no cure for ALS. 6) Given the symptoms of ALS, what part of the nervous system is functioning abnormally?

A) autonomic nervous system B) central nervous system C) motor system D) sympathetic division Answer: C Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 2, 5 7) In ALS, sensory input and integration are unaffected, and muscle cells still respond to neurotransmitters when they are present. Which structure would you recommend scientists to study to find a cure for ALS? A) sensory neurons B) interneurons C) motor neurons D) mechanoreceptors Answer: C Topic: 27.2 The Human Nervous System: A Closer Look Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 27.4 Global LO: 2, 5

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Campbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece) Chapter 28 The Life of a Flowering Plant Chapter 28 Chapter Outcomes

28 Biology and Society: The Buzz on Coffee Plants 28.1. Describe the history of cultivation and consumption of plants such as coffee, and explain why the production of chemicals, such as caffeine by coffee plants, is adaptive.

28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant 28.2. Compare the structures of monocots and eudicots.

28.3. Describe and compare the structures, functions, and development of root and shoot systems.

28.4. Describe and compare the structure, function, and arrangements of plant cells and tissues.

28.2 Plant Growth 28.5. Distinguish between annuals, biennials, and perennials.

28.6. Distinguish between primary and secondary growth.

28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant 28.7. Describe the structures, functions, and formation of reproductive structures for a flowering plant during its life cycle.

Evolution Connection: The Problem of the Disappearing Bees 28 28.8. Explain how flowering plants and land animals each gain from their mutually beneficial relationship, and describe the latest threat to bees.

Global Learning Outcomes 1.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.

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Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical-thinking skills.

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Read and interpret models, graphs, and data.

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Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in biology.

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Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

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Evaluate the credibility of scientific information from various sources.

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Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across biology.

8.

Communicate effectively in writing.

9.

Apply the scientific method to interpret information and draw conclusions.

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28.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following products used by humans sometimes comes from plants?

A) fuel, only B) clothing, only C) food, only D) fuel, clothing, and food Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant, 28 Biology and Society Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.1 Global LO: 5 2) Most domesticated food crops come from which of the following plant groups?

A) mosses B) gymnosperms C) ferns D) angiosperms Answer: D Topic: 28 Biology and Society Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.1 Global LO: 5 3) Which of the following best characterizes the monocots?

A) embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with vascular bundles scattered, and flower parts in threes B) embryo with one seed leaf, leaves with parallel veins, stems with a ring of vascular tissue, and flower parts in fives C) embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with ring of vascular tissue, and flower parts in fives D) embryo with two seed leaves, leaf veins not parallel, stems with vascular bundles scattered, and flower parts in threes Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.2

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4) Which of the following best characterizes the eudicots?

A) flower parts in threes B) leaves with parallel veins C) an embryo with two seed leaves D) stems with scattered vascular bundles Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.2 5) Which of the following is a function of roots?

A) absorbs water only B) absorbs nutrients from the soil only C) stores food only D) stores food and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3 6) Which of the following are the tiny projections found on roots that increase the surface area?

A) root hairs B) cotyledons C) nodes D) mesophyll Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3 7) Which of the following constitute the shoot system of a plant?

I) leaves II) stems III) roots A) I only B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II, and III Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3

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8) Which of the following describes the sites of leaf attachment in a stem?

A) joints B) nodes C) internodes D) cotyledons Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3 9) Which of the following is a stem modification for storage?

A) tuber B) petiole C) internode D) runner Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3 10) Which of the following best describes the primary function of typical leaves?

A) anchoring B) photosynthesis C) shade D) storage of the sugars produced Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3 11) Which of the following best describes the condition in which the terminal bud of many plants produces hormones that inhibit growth of axillary buds?

A) biennial B) secondary growth C) apical dominance D) germination Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.3

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12) You trim two different houseplants. The first houseplant becomes bushier, but the pruning does not affect the growth of the second plant. A possible explanation is ________.

A) you removed the axillary bud on the first plant but not the second B) the second plant forms tubers, but the first plant does not C) the first plant has compound leaves and the second plant has simple leaves D) you removed the terminal bud on the first plant but not the second Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.3 Global LO: 2, 5 13) Which of the following describes the single layer of tightly packed cells that cover the entire root?

A) xylem B) root hairs C) epidermis D) endodermis Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 14) Which of the following describes the vascular system of a typical plant?

I) It is made up of xylem and phloem.

II) It provides support.

III) It transports nutrients throughout the plant.

A) I B) I and II C) I and III D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 15) Which of the following is the waxy coating secreted on leaves and most stems?

A) cuticle B) lignin C) endodermis D) epidermis Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4

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16) The ________ is the selective barrier of a root that determines which substances pass between the cortex and vascular tissue.

A) epidermis B) endodermis C) cuticle D) xylem Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 17) Which of the following do guard cells act to regulate?

A) stomata B) cuticle C) epidermis D) root hairs Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 18) Which of the following is the main site of photosynthesis in a typical leaf?

A) epidermis B) endodermis C) mesophyll D) xylem Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 19) Which of the following is the major component of most plant cell walls?

A) chloroplasts B) lignin C) starch D) cellulose Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4

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20) Which of the following cell types provide support in growing parts of a plant?

A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) sclerenchyma cells D) water-conducting cells Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 21) Which of the following have thick secondary cell walls strengthened with lignin, and support plants like steel beams in a building?

A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) sclerenchyma cells D) water-conducting cells Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 22) Which of the following are the most abundant cell type found in most plants?

A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) sclerenchyma cells D) food-conducting cells Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 23) Which of the following form chains with overlapping ends to form a system of watercarrying tubes, and are dead when mature?

A) collenchyma cells B) sclerenchyma cells C) water-conducting cells D) food-conducting cells Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4

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24) Which of the following form tubes and are alive when mature?

A) parenchyma cells B) collenchyma cells C) water-conducting cells D) food-conducting cells Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 25) Which of the following is a function of parenchyma cells?

I) food storage II) photosynthesis III) divide and develop to become other types of cells A) I B) II C) III D) I, II, and III Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.4 26) A tree grows wider each year because of ________.

I) apical meristem II) vascular cambium III) cork cambium A) I only B) II only C) II and III D) I, II, and III Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.3, 28.4 Global LO: 2 27) A plant grows taller through ________, which involves cell division in the ________.

A) primary growth... vascular cambium B) secondary growth... vascular cambium C) primary growth... apical meristem D) secondary growth... cork cambium Answer: C Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.6

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28) Which of the following is responsible for the increase in girth (width) of trees? A) primary growth B) secondary growth C) growth in apical meristems D) an increase in the width of vessel elements Answer: B Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.6 29) Which of the following plant types complete their life cycle in 2 years? A) annuals only B) annuals and perennials C) biennials only D) perennials only Answer: C Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.5 30) A homeowner uses a nail to hang a "Home Sweet Home" sign on the trunk of an oak tree. The sign is 2 meters above the ground. The tree grows in height at a rate of 10 cm per year. How high above the ground will the sign be in 15 years? A) 1.5 meters B) 2 meters C) 3.5 meters D) 152 meters Answer: B Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 4 31) Flowering plants reproduce through ________.

A) asexual reproduction only B) sexual reproduction only C) asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction D) budding Answer: C Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7

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32) Which of the following is the part of a flower that contains the female reproductive structures? A) carpel B) stamen C) sepal D) petal Answer: A Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 33) In which structure do pollen grains develop?

A) stamen B) sepal C) filament D) anther Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 34) The ________ enclose and protect the flower bud, while the ________ advertise the flower to insects and other pollinators.

A) anthers... petals B) carpels... stigmata C) sepals... stamens D) sepals... petals Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 35) The main parts of a flower are modified versions of which of the following?

A) stems B) rhizomes C) internodes D) leaves Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7

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36) Which of the following contains the developing egg and cells that support it? A) endosperm B) ovule C) anther D) stigma Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 37) A plant's diploid form is called the ________; the haploid form is called the ________.

A) sporophyte... pollen B) sporophyte... gametophyte C) gametophyte... sporophyte D) gametophyte... fruit Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 38) Which of the following describes the delivery of pollen to the stigma?

A) fertilization B) double fertilization C) germination D) pollination Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 39) The formation of a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus is unique to flowering plants.

What is this process called?

A) fertilization B) double fertilization C) germination D) pollination Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7

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40) Which of the following is a multicellular mass that nourishes the embryo until it becomes a self-supporting seedling? A) the endosperm B) a seed coat C) a fruit D) a cotyledon Answer: A Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 41) What typically has to happen before a fruit develops?

I) flowering II) pollination III) double fertilization A) I only B) I and II C) II and III D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7 42) While on a hike, you notice that several burrs have become attached to your socks. You quickly pull them off. Inside the burr are several seeds. Burrs are produced by certain plants and frequently catch on animal fur (or people's clothing). After thinking about it, you decide that the burr is a type of ________ that is an adaptation for ________.

A) leaf...protecting plants from herbivores B) fruit...seed dispersal C) cambium...seed protection D) pollen grain...successful pollination Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.7, 28.8 Global LO: 2 43) Which of the following is the usual trigger for seed germination?

A) water B) warm temperatures C) oxygen D) sunlight Answer: A Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7

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44) The diploid number for the tomato, a eudicot, is 24. One of its pollen grains has ________ chromosomes, and the nutritive tissue of the seed has ________ chromosomes.

A) 12… 12 B) 12… 24 C) 24… 24 D) 24… 36 Answer: D Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.7 Global LO: 2, 4, 5, 7 45) Unlike angiosperms, gymnosperms like pines have single instead of double fertilization, but otherwise have an identical life cycle. What structure should have the greatest difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms?

A) egg cell B) seedling C) seed D) leaf cell Answer: C Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 28.7 Global LO: 2 46) Which of the following is an example of flowering plant/animal interdependence?

I) Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for pollination.

II) Most angiosperms depend on insects, birds, or mammals for seed dispersal.

III) Most land animals depend on angiosperms for food.

A) I only B) I and II C) III only D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 28 Evolution Connection Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.8

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47) Bermudagrass is a plant that is commonly used on golf courses. It has a fibrous root system, and its leaf veins are parallel. Because it is mowed on a regular basis in golf courses, it spreads via horizontal stems that root at the nodes, rather than by seed. It can live for many years. What is the best classification for bermudagrass on a golf course?

A) It is a perennial monocot that reproduces asexually.

B) It is an annual eudicot that reproduces asexually.

C) It is a perennial eudicot that reproduces sexually.

D) It is an annual monocot that reproduces sexually.

Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant; 28.2 Plant Growth 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.2, 28.5, 28.7 Global LO: 2, 5 48) Humans domesticated the rose from a wild ancestor with large, scented flowers. Why might fragrant chemicals in flowers be adaptive for wild roses?

A) They attract herbivores.

B) They repel seed dispersal agents.

C) They attract pollinators.

D) They prevent seed germination.

Answer: C Topic: 28 Biology and Society, 28 Evolution Connection Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.1, 28.8 Global LO: 2, 5 49) In a sporophyte of an angiosperm, growth occurs at ________ via ________.

A) meristems… mitosis B) meristems… meiosis C) flowers… fertilization D) seeds… dispersal Answer: A Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth, 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 28.6, 28.7 Global LO: 2, 7

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28.2 Art Questions 1) What is the likely effect of pruning a plant at the dotted line?

A) The plant will grow taller.

B) The plant will grow bushier.

C) The plant will produce flowers.

D) The plant will grow more roots.

Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.3 Global LO: 2, 3

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2) The arrows in the figure below illustrate ________.

A) germination B) secondary growth C) meiosis D) primary growth Answer: D Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.6

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3) Examine the figure below. Secondary growth involves cell division in the ________.

A) cork cambium and apical meristem B) vascular cambium and apical meristem C) vascular cambium and cork cambium D) secondary xylem and secondary phloem Answer: C Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 3

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4) Examine the figure below. What process has to occur to produce a haploid embryo sac?

A) meiosis B) meiosis followed by mitosis C) mitosis followed by meiosis D) mitosis Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.7 Global LO: 2, 3

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Please refer to the following art of the cross-sections of two trees to answer the following questions.

5) How old are these trees?

A) 3.5 years old B) 7 years old C) 14 years old D) 28 years old Answer: B Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 3 6) When were the cross-sections of these trees made?

A) before completion of the first year of growth B) in the spring C) later in the summer D) in the winter Answer: B Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth, 28 The Process of Science Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 3 7) These trees most likely grew in an environment with ________.

A) constant cold temperatures B) constant warm temperatures C) alternating warm and cold seasons D) It is not possible to predict the temperatures of the trees' environment.

Answer: C Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth, 28 The Process of Science Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 3, 7

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8) Which statement CORRECTLY compares the growth of these two trees?

A) The two trees grew at the same rate.

B) The tree on the left grew at a slower rate than the tree on the right.

C) The tree on the left grew at a faster rate than the tree on the right.

D) The growth of the two trees cannot be compared with the images shown.

Answer: C Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth, 28 The Process of Science Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2, 3, 4 28.3 Scenario Questions Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.

In late 2006, bee workers in the United States started to notice a disturbing phenomenon: the sudden disappearance of honeybees from commercial hives. This mysterious condition was called "colony collapse disorder," and it has caused a drastic reduction in commercial honeybee populations all over the country. It is estimated that one-third of our food supply relies on bees and is in danger. Crops that rely most heavily on honeybees include apples, almonds, blueberries, and pumpkins. If colony collapse disorder cannot be cured or treated effectively, farmers may have to turn to other insects, perhaps other bee species or even moths.

1) Without honeybees, which process in the life cycle of plants such as apples, almonds, blueberries, and pumpkins is most affected?

A) seed dispersal B) secondary growth C) pollination D) seed germination Answer: C Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant, 28 Evolution Connection Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.7, 28.8 Global LO: 5 2) Which plant structure is adapted for attracting beneficial insects such as honeybees?

A) axillary bud B) terminal bud C) flower D) petiole Answer: C Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant, 28 Evolution Connection Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 28.8

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Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.

The North American beaver is a large rodent that builds dams to convert freshwater streams into ponds. Beavers build their dams out of trees, which they cut down using their front teeth. Beavers also eat the leaves and bark of trees, as well as the starchy roots of water lilies.

3) As a beaver chews from the outside to the inside of a tree, in what order does it encounter plant tissues? A) secondary xylem ⇒ secondary phloem ⇒ cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ vascular cambium B) cork cambium ⇒ cork ⇒ secondary xylem ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary phloem C) cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary xylem ⇒ secondary phloem D) cork ⇒ cork cambium ⇒ secondary phloem ⇒ vascular cambium ⇒ secondary xylem Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.4 Global LO: 2 4) When a beaver is eating bark, what plant structures is it ingesting? A) secondary phloem, cork cambium, and cork B) secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and cork cambium C) primary phloem, cortex, and endodermis D) primary xylem, vascular cambium, and primary phloem Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.4, 28.6 Global LO: 2 5) When a beaver is eating leaves, what plant structure(s) is it ingesting? I) mesophyll II) parenchyma III) cork A) I B) II C) III D) I and II Answer: D Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.4 Global LO: 2

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6) Water lilies store carbohydrates in their roots, which is why beavers like to eat water lily roots. What type of plant cells store these carbohydrates?

A) guard cells B) sclerenchyma cells C) parenchyma cells D) collenchyma cells Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.4 Global LO: 2 7) Beavers dams are sturdy, because the part of a tree that provides structural support when the tree is alive lends its strength to the dam, even after the tree is dead. What part of a tree provides this structural support?

A) heartwood B) bark C) collenchyma D) parenchyma Answer: A Topic: 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.6 Global LO: 2 8) Water lily shoots and roots have very little structural support because this support is not needed in aquatic habitats. What structures would you be LEAST likely to see in a water lily stem?

A) epidermis B) parenchyma C) sclerenchyma D) tracheids Answer: C Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 28.4 Global LO: 2

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Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.

The pineapple, grown for its sweet fruit, is a tropical monocot with a diploid number of 50. It can live for many years. The plant starts as one short stem with tough leaves. The flowers of the pineapple are located as a cluster at the very top of the stem. After pollination, the single fruit forms from the fusion of the ovaries of the flowers in the cluster. The seeds are located just underneath the surface of the fruit. The pineapple fruit is harvested by cutting at the base of the fruit. After the first fruit is produced, side shoots grow from the main stem, which can go on to produce additional fruits.

9) The first pineapple on a plant develops from ________, whereas the pineapples from the second harvest of the same plant develop from ________.

A) the terminal bud… the axillary buds B) the terminal bud… the root caps C) the axillary bud… the terminal buds D) primary growth… secondary growth Answer: A Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant, 28.2 Plant Growth Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.3, 28.6 Global LO: 2 10) What evidence best supports the pineapple's classification as a monocot?

A) It does not produce woody tissue.

B) It produces a fruit.

C) Its flowers have three petals each.

D) It has double fertilization.

Answer: B Topic: 28.1 The Structure and Function of a Flowering Plant Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 28.2 Global LO: 2 23 .

11) Where would we expect to find cells with 25 unpaired chromosomes in a pineapple plant?

A) in the leaves B) in the ovaries prior to pollination C) in the fruit D) in the fused ovaries Answer: B Topic: 28.3 The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 28.7 Global LO: 2

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Campbell Essential Biology, 6e (Simon/Dickey/Hogan/Reece) Chapter 29 The Working Plant Chapter 29 Learning Outcomes 29 Biology and Society: Planting Hope in the Wake of Disaster 29.1. Explain how phytoremediation is helping to address the damage caused by the 2011 earthquake disaster that struck Japan.

29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients 29.2. Describe where and how a plant obtains all the materials necessary to construct all the organic materials it needs, including the adaptations used to obtain them.

29.3. Distinguish between micronutrients and macronutrients, noting examples of each.

29.4. Describe what constitutes organic farming, and list advantages of this type of farming.

29.5. Explain the cohesion-tension hypothesis responsible for the ascent of sap in xylem, and the plant structures involved.

29.6. Explain how, when, and where phloem conducts sap.

29.2 Plant Hormones 29.7. Describe the general roles and properties of plant hormones, the specific roles of the five major types, and how they are studied and used by humans to manipulate plants.

29.3 Response to Stimuli 29.8. Define phototropism, gravitropism, and thigmotropism and explain their significance in plants.

29.9. Distinguish between short-night plants and long-night plants.

Evolution Connection: Plants, Bugs, and People 29 29.10. Explain how interacting organisms affect each other’s fitness.

Global Learning Outcomes 1.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.

2.

Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical-thinking skills.

3.

Read and interpret models, graphs, and data.

4.

Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in biology.

5.

Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.

6.

Evaluate the credibility of scientific information from various sources.

7.

Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across biology.

8.

Communicate effectively in writing.

9.

Apply the scientific method to interpret information and draw conclusions.

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29.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) In phytoremediation, plants are used to remove ________ and ________ from the soil.

A) carbon… heavy metals B) radioactive isotopes… heavy metals C) nitrogen… phosphorus D) water… sulfur Answer: B Topic: 29 Biology and Society Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.1 Global LO: 5 2) Which of the following BEST describes the essential difference between plant and animal nutrition?

A) Plants use inorganic substances and energy from the sun to produce their own food.

B) Plants use organic substances to produce their own food.

C) Plants absorb food through their roots.

D) Plant and animal nutrition are essentially the same.

Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 Global LO: 7 3) For a plant, carbon and nitrogen are ________.

A) macronutrients B) micronutrients C) minerals D) compost Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.3

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4) Which of the following describes a chemical element that a plant must obtain from its environment in order to complete its life cycle?

A) macronutrient B) micronutrient C) essential element D) mineral Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 5) Which one of the following is a plant micronutrient?

A) iron B) oxygen C) sulfur D) phosphorus Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.3 6) The three most important nutrients contained in fertilizers are ________.

A) nitrogen, iron, and phosphorus B) zinc, sulfur, and phosphorus C) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium D) zinc, iron, and potassium Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.3 Global LO: 5 7) Which of the following best describes substances that enter a plant through the root system?

A) They are dissolved in water.

B) They are obtained from the air.

C) They are organic molecules.

D) They are brought in through stomata.

Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2

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8) Which of the following supplies water and minerals to a typical plant? A) the air B) bacteria C) sunlight D) the soil Answer: D Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 9) For plants, mycorrhizae are______.

A) parasitic B) mutualistic C) an adaptation for photosynthesis D) agricultural pests Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 10) What does a plant gain from a mycorrhizal relationship?

A) It allows roots to absorb water and solutes more rapidly.

B) It increases the surface area for photosynthesis.

C) It helps to break down complex molecules in the soil to release micronutrients.

D) It helps to break down decaying organic matter into essential plant nutrients.

Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 11) Which of the following convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium?

A) nitrifying bacteria B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria C) mycorrhizae D) ammonifying bacteria Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2

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12) Which of the following convert soil ammonium to nitrate?

A) nitrifying bacteria B) ammonifying bacteria C) mycorrhizae D) nitrogen-fixing bacteria Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 13) Which of the following best describes the role of plant root nodules in plants such as peas and beans?

A) They house nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

B) They help absorb nutrients from the soil.

C) They house mycorrhizae.

D) They store nutrients.

Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 14) Most plants rely on bacteria to supply them with a usable form of which of the following substances?

A) nitrogen B) carbon dioxide C) water D) amino acids Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 15) Which of the following best describes the conversion that occurs during nitrogen fixation?

A) ammonium to nitrate B) nitrate to ammonium C) nitrogen to ammonium D) nitrogen to ammonium or nitrate Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2

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16) Which of the following best describes transpiration?

A) the loss of oxygen from a plant B) evaporation from a plant's roots C) the bulk flow movement of water in a plant D) the loss of water from plant leaves through evaporation Answer: D Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5 17) Which of the following mechanisms best explains how xylem sap moves up against the downward pull of gravity?

A) cohesion-tension hypothesis B) gravitropism C) phototropism D) expenditure of ATP Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5 18) Which of the following weather conditions would cause transpiration to be most rapid?

A) hot, humid weather B) cold, humid weather C) hot, dry weather D) windy, wet weather Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5 19) Which of the following best describes the opening and closing of the stomata in most plants?

A) They are open during the day and closed at night.

B) They are open at night and closed during the day.

C) They are open almost all of the time.

D) They are closed except for brief periods of time during the day.

Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5

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20) Which of the following best describes the mechanism that causes stomata to open?

A) Water accumulates below the opening and eventually causes the stoma to open.

B) A large bubble of oxygen accumulates below the stoma and eventually causes it to open.

C) Two guard cells flanking each stoma control its opening by changing shape.

D) The internal pressure of xylem sap expands the leaf, stretching the stoma open.

Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5 21) Transpiration pulls water up a plant because of two mechanisms: ________ describes water molecules sticking together and ________ describes water molecules sticking to the walls of the xylem.

A) cohesion... adhesion B) adhesion... cohesion C) adhesion... gravity D) gravity... cohesion Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.5 22) Which of the following explains how phloem sap moves within a plant?

A) cohesion-tension mechanism B) gravity pulls the phloem sap down C) pressure-flow mechanism D) transpiration Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.6 23) A location in a plant where sugar is being received for storage or consumption is ________.

A) a sugar sink B) a sugar source C) phloem sap D) phloem tube Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.6

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24) A farmer decides she wants to grow certified organic corn and sets out to meet all USDA standards to do so. Her crop grows well for the first 3 years; however, she notices during the 4th and 5th years that plants are getting smaller and producing much less corn. She has not altered farming practices and begins to wonder what is happening. She remembers someone mentioning planting peanuts every 3rd year in place of a corn crop, which leads to much healthier corn. Why would a farmer want to change to a different crop, especially something like peanuts?

A) Planting a legume like peanuts increases water retention in the soil, allowing the following year's corn crop to thrive.

B) Crop rotation with a legume like peanuts will increase nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizer.

C) Planting a legume like peanuts increases the available carbon in the soil.

D) Changing from corn to peanuts, a legume, allows the soil to "rest" for a year.

Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.2, 29.4 Global LO: 2, 5 25) In a strawberry plant in the summer, the leaves are ________ and the strawberry fruits are ________.

A) sugar sources… sugar sources B) sugar sources… sugar sinks C) sugar sinks… sugar sources D) sugar sinks… sugar sinks Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.6 Global LO: 2 26) Early in the spring, cherry trees produce flowers, even before their leaves develop, by using sugars that were stored in their roots the previous year. While cherry flowers are developing, we would expect the phloem pressure near flowers to be ________, and ________ near root storage cells.

A) high… high B) high… low C) low… low D) low… high Answer: D Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.6 Global LO: 2

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27) Trace the flow of a water molecule that is used during photosynthesis.

A) stoma → xylem → root hair → mycorrhiza B) soil → root hair → xylem → stoma → atmosphere C) soil → root hair → xylem → leaf cell D) soil → xylem → leaf cell → atmosphere Answer: C Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.5 Global LO: 2, 7 28) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) A given hormone has the same effect on all parts of a plant.

B) A single hormone may have different effects depending on concentration and presence of other hormones.

C) Plants and animals use hormones in very different ways.

D) Large amounts of hormones are required to affect plant growth and development.

Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 29) Which of the following plant hormones affect(s) development in the plant body?

I) auxin II) cytokinin III) gibberellin A) I B) I and II C) III D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 30) Which of the following hormones promotes cell elongation in stems?

A) auxin B) cytokinin C) ethylene D) gibberellin Answer: A Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7

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31) Which of the following best describes the condition of a twig if the auxin produced by its apical meristem is conveyed equally down all sides?

A) It will elongate.

B) It will branch near its tip.

C) It will produce a flower.

D) It will bend to one side.

Answer: A Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 32) Which of the following hormones promotes fruit ripening and dropping of leaves?

A) auxin B) ethylene C) gibberellin D) abscisic acid Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 33) Which of the following hormones promotes cell division?

A) auxin B) cytokinin C) gibberellin D) abscisic acid Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 34) Which of the following hormones promotes seed germination?

A) auxin B) ethylene C) gibberellin D) abscisic acid Answer: C Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7

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35) Which of the following hormones promotes seed dormancy?

A) cytokinin B) ethylene C) gibberellin D) abscisic acid Answer: D Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.7 36) Which of the following is exemplified by a pea tendril contacting a string or wire and coiling around it for support?

A) gravitropism B) photoperiod C) thigmotropism D) phototropism Answer: C Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.8 37) Experimental plants that were sent up in space shuttle missions did not exhibit all of their normal tropisms. Which of the following responses would you most expect to be lacking from these plants?

A) gravitropism B) photoperiod C) thigmotropism D) phototropism Answer: A Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.8 Global LO: 2 38) Which of the following best describes night-neutral plants?

A) The plants flower at night.

B) Plants tend to flower when nights become longer.

C) Plants tend to flower when nights become shorter.

D) The flowering in these plants is not affected by photoperiod.

Answer: D Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.9

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39) Which of the following triggers flowering for plants sensitive to photoperiod?

A) temperature B) night length C) day length D) intensity of sunlight Answer: B Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.9 40) Which of the following best describe(s) the dependencies of most flowering plants?

I) Many depend on insects or other animals for pollination.

II) Many depend on insects or other animals for seed dispersal.

III) Many depend on fungi to help them acquire nutrients.

A) I B) II C) I and III D) I, II, and III Answer: D Topic: 29 Evolution Connection Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.10 41) Across the globe, billions of people eat rice. In order to make rice grains (the seed), a rice plant must flower and be pollinated. Rice plants flower only after days become shorter (i.e., summer to autumn). What is the best classification for rice?

A) long night B) short night C) night neutral D) long day Answer: A Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.9 Global LO: 2, 5

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42) Oats are eaten by humans as oatmeal or rolled oats, and as feed for livestock such as cattle.

In order for an oat plant to make the part we eat (the seed), it must flower and be pollinated.

Typically, oat plants flower when days are lengthening (i.e., late spring to early summer). What is the best classification for oat plants?

A) long night B) short night C) night neutral D) short day Answer: B Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.9 Global LO: 2, 5 43) Three very popular strawberry cultivars grown by farmers in the United States are Earliglow, Ozark Beauty, and Tristar. Earliglow produces all of its fruit in the early summer (June-bearing).

Ozark Beauty produces fruit from mid to late summer (everbearing). Tristar produces fruit all summer long, starting when conditions become favorable for flowering and fruit production.

What is the best classification for these three strawberry cultivars?

A) Earliglow: long night; Ozark Beauty: short night; Tristar: night neutral B) Earliglow: short night; Ozark Beauty: short night; Tristar: night neutral C) Earliglow: night neutral; Ozark Beauty: short night; Tristar: long night D) Earliglow: short night; Ozark Beauty: long night; Tristar: long neutral Answer: A Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.9 Global LO: 2, 5

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29.2 Art Questions 1) Examine the figure below. Which of the following is the site of carbon dioxide uptake by a plant?

A) root hairs B) stomata C) rhizomes D) internodes Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.2 Global LO: 2, 3

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2) Examine the figure above. Which of the following add ammonium to the soil by decomposing organic matter?

A) nitrifying bacteria only B) ammonifying bacteria only C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria only D) nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen fixing bacteria Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.2 Global LO: 2, 3 3) In the figure above, which of the following produce nitrogen in a form that can be used directly by the plant, without need for conversion?

A) nitrifying bacteria only B) ammonifying bacteria only C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria only D) ammonifying bacteria and nitrogen fixing bacteria Answer: D Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.2 Global LO: 2, 3

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4) Examine the figure below. When considering the shaded side of a grass shoot, which of the following best describes why it bends toward the light?

A) Reduction in auxin levels allows gibberellins to promote cell elongation.

B) Reduction in gibberellin levels allows auxin to promote cell elongation.

C) Increase in auxin levels promotes cell elongation.

D) Increase in auxin levels promotes cell proliferation.

Answer: C Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.7 Global LO: 2, 3

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5) The figure below shows plants grown in the dark, and illustrates ________ in plants.

A) photoperiod B) gravitropism C) thigmotropism D) phototropism Answer: B Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.9 Global LO: 2, 3

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6) The figure below shows plants originally grown in the dark, and then a light is added on one side only (arrow). Predict the response of the plants to the addition of the light source.

A) Auxin becomes concentrated on the lighted side of the plants, and the plants begin to grow toward the light.

B) Auxin becomes concentrated on the darker side of the plants, and the plants begin to grow toward the light.

C) Auxin becomes concentrated on the lighted side of the plants, and the plants begin to grow away from the light.

D) Auxin becomes concentrated on the darker side of the plants, and the plants begin to grow away from the light.

Answer: B Topic: 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.9 Global LO: 2, 3

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7) A scientist finds seeds of an unknown plant on top of the soil in a desert. She measures the concentration of two hormones in these seeds. After it rains, she collects more of these seeds, and finds that the concentration of the two hormones has changed. A graph of her results is shown above. Identify the most likely hormones measured by the scientist.

A) hormone 1: gibberellin; hormone 2: cytokinin B) hormone 1: auxin; hormone 2: ethylene C) hormone 1: abscisic acid; hormone 2: gibberellin D) hormone 1: ethylene; hormone 2: auxin Answer: C Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.7 Global LO: 2, 3 8) A scientist finds seeds of an unknown plant on top of the soil in a desert. She measures the concentration of two hormones in these seeds. After it rains, she collects more of these seeds, and finds that the concentration of the two hormones has changed. A graph of her results is shown above. If the scientist returns to the desert to collect more seeds, a few days later, what should she observe?

A) The seeds that are still in the desert will be dormant.

B) The seeds that are still in the desert will be germinating.

C) The seeds that are still in the desert will be dead.

D) The seeds that are still in the desert will have increased levels of hormones 1 and 2.

Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.7 Global LO: 2, 3

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29.3 Scenario Questions Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.

Nitrogen shortage is a common nutritional problem for plants. In crops, a nitrogen deficiency can result in stunted growth as well as lower nutritional content. Farmers sometimes apply fertilizers containing nitrogen as well as other essential nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium.

Compost can also be used to fertilize soils. Compost consists of vegetable matter that adds nutrients to soil as it is decomposed by microorganisms, fungi, and animals. Certain plants, including legumes such as peas and beans, house nitrogen-fixing bacteria in swellings called "root nodules." The bacteria have enzymes that help convert atmospheric N2 to ammonium ions that can be readily used by the plants. The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with other nutrients. When conditions are favorable, root nodule bacteria fix so much nitrogen that the nodules secrete excess ammonia.

1) Some farmers practice crop rotation, alternating between planting nonlegumes such as corn or wheat one year and legumes the next year. What is the advantage of crop rotation?

A) The legumes in the rotation will transfer nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to the other crop plants.

B) Planting legumes enriches the soil for the next year when root nodule bacteria fix so much nitrogen that excess ammonia is secreted into the soil.

C) The nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes can migrate to nonlegume crop plants and provide them with nitrogen.

D) Any nitrogen fertilizer that is applied to the soil will be converted into ammonium ions by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Answer: B Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Learning Outcome: 29.2 Global LO: 5 2) Which approach could an organic farmer use to deal with nitrogen deficiency?

A) plant legumes in alternate years and fertilize the soil with compost B) apply synthetic fertilizers that provide nitrogen C) plant legumes in alternate years and use synthetic fertilizers D) use genetically modified plants that require less nitrogen Answer: A Topic: 29.1 How Plants Acquire and Transport Nutrients Skill: Application/Analysis Learning Outcome: 29.4 Global LO: 2, 5

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Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.

In the late 1800s, Charles Darwin and his son Francis conducted the first experiments on phototropism. Several years later, their work was furthered by Peter Boysen-Jensen, Arpad Paal, and Frits Went. Peter Boysen-Jensen separated the tip of grass shoots from the rest of the plant using either tiny blocks of agar (a gelatin) or a mica wafer (an impervious rock). Like the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen noticed that the grass did not grow toward a light without its tips.

However, when he separated the tip from the rest of the plant using agar, the grass would grow toward a light. The grass would not grow toward a light if the tip of the shoot was separated using a mica wafer. Arpad Paal cut off the tips of grass shoots that were growing in the dark. He placed these cut tips back on the shoots, but with only part of the tip covering the cut surface, and found that the plants grew, in the dark, in the opposite direction from the side with the tip covering it. Lastly, Frits Went removed the tips of many grass shoots and placed them on a large block of agar for a few hours. Then, he cut up the agar block, and was able to make grass shoots without any tips at all grow toward a light by putting these agar blocks on the cut surfaces of the shoots (i.e., no tips were placed back on the shoots, only the agar).

3) Boysen-Jensen also used the mica to separate a tip of a grass shoot only partially, by cutting the tip halfway and inserting a wafer of mica into the cut. If this experiment supported the Darwins' hypothesis, what would Boysen-Jensen have observed?

A) The grass shoot would not grow toward a light.

B) The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the mica wafer was on the side of the grass that was facing the light.

C) The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the mica wafer was on the side of the grass that was shaded from the light.

D) The grass shoot would grow toward a light no matter which direction the light was coming from.

Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones, 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.8, 29.9 Global LO: 1, 2, 9 4) If Paal grew his plants using a light source that was directly overhead, what should he have observed?

A) The grass shoot would not grow.

B) The grass shoot would grow upward and straight.

C) The grass shoot would grow in the opposite direction from the side with the tip covering the cut surface.

D) The grass shoot would grow in the same direction as the side with the tip covering the cut surface.

Answer: C Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones, 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.8, 29.9 Global LO: 1, 2, 9

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5) If Wents placed his agar blocks only halfway on the cut surfaces of grass shoots with their tips removed, what should he have observed?

A) The grass shoot would not grow toward a light.

B) The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the agar block was on the side of the grass that was facing the light.

C) The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the agar block was on the side of the grass that was shaded from the light.

D) The grass shoot would grow toward a light no matter which direction the light was coming from.

Answer: C Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones, 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.8, 29.9 Global LO: 1, 2, 9 6) Considering the experiments of the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen, Paal, and Went, what do you conclude about phototropism?

A) We still do not know the mechanism for phototropism.

B) The substance that regulates phototropism is produced in the tips of plants, and causes the same response even when it comes from an external source (not from the same individual).

C) For a plant to bend toward a light source, the substance that regulates phototropism must be able to move into cells on the same side as the light source.

D) The substance that regulates phototropism is distributed throughout a plant equally, but cells on the side away from the light source are the only ones that respond to the substance.

Answer: B Topic: 29.2 Plant Hormones, 29.3 Response to Stimuli Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation Learning Outcome: 29.8, 29.9 Global LO: 1, 2, 9

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