Ebok

COAL • HARD COAL IS POLAND'S GREATEST FOSSIL RESOURCE. ITS DEPOSITS LOCATED IN OUR COUNTRY ARE ESTIMATED AT APPROXIMATELY 50 BILLION TONS AND CONSTITUTE 5% OF WORLD RESOURCES. • MINES IN POLAND REACH OVER A KILOMETER UNDERGROUND. MOST OF POLAND'S COAL RESOURCES ARE LOCATED IN A REGION CALLED SILESIA. THESE ARE THE THIRD LARGEST DEPOSITS IN EUROPE. • IT TAKES 1,200 YEARS FOR THE PLANT REMAINS NECESSARY TO CREATE A 1-METER-THICK COAL SEAM TO ACCUMULATE.

How coal was created ?

Hard coal deposits were formed over 300 million years ago from forests full of clubmosses, horsetails and ferns, the remains of which fell into swamps. The area gradually decreased. In anaerobic conditions, the plants charred.

ROCK SALT • ROCK SALT HAS BEEN USED BY HUMANS FOR CENTURIES. IN THE PAST, ITS EXTRACTION WAS DANGEROUS, BUT VERY PROFITABLE. POLAND HAS LARGE SALT DEPOSITS IN THE KUJAWY REGION, LOWER SILESIA. • ROCK SALT MINING IN WIELICZKA AND BOCHNIA IS CURRENTLY USED AS A MEDICAL AND SPA FACILITY.

• POTASSIUM SALT IS USED IN AGRICULTURE AS A COMPONENT OF FERTILIZERS AND IS ALSO USED IN CHEMICAL PRODUCTION.

Autorstwa ErwinMeier - Praca własna, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=145170132

The beginnings of salt extraction in Wieliczka are associated with the exploitation of "salt springs", i.e. spontaneous brine outflows in this area.

The solution was collected and purified and then subjected to brewing (boiling). The beginnings of exploitation date back to the Middle Neolithic era (3,000 BC).

"Wieliczka" Salt Mine - a rock salt mine in Wieliczka near Krakow. From the 13th century to 1772, together with the "Bochnia" salt mine, it was part of the Krakow salt mines. In 1976, the mine was entered into the national register of monuments. Two years later, it was included on the first World Heritage List by UNESCO.

The Wieliczka Mine has 9 levels, the first of which - the Bono level - reaches a depth of 64 meters, while the last one lies 327 meters below the surface of the earth. The total length of galleries connecting approximately 3,000 workings (sidewalks, ramps, mining chambers, lakes, shafts, shafts) exceeds 300 km.

In the past, castles in the KrakówCzęstochowa Upland were built of limestone.

ROCK RAW MATERIALS OF POLAND • OUR COUNTRY'S TERRITORY IS RICH IN VARIOUS ROCK RAW MATERIALS. A ROCK IS A NATURAL GROUP OF MINERALS FOUND IN THE EARTH'S CRUST, WHICH CAN BE SOFT MUD, HARD GRANITE AND FINE, LOOSE SAND. •

WHAT ROCKS EXIST?

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THERE ARE THREE BASIC TYPES OF ROCKS IN THE EARTH'S CRUST:

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1. IGNEOUS - FORMED FROM SOLIDIFIED LAVA AND MAGMA, E.G. BASALT AND GRANITE.

• 2. METAMORPHIC - TRANSFORMED BECAUSE THEY WERE CREATED AS A RESULT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF VARIOUS ROCKS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. • 3. SEDIMENTARY - ARE THE PRODUCT OF THE BREAKDOWN OF OLDER ROCKS AND THE DEPOSITION OF THE RESULTING MATERIAL, E.G. DOLOMITES, SANDSTONES.

Quarry of limestone and Jurassic clay in Niegowonice The closed quarry in Niegowonice, which once supplied the "Wysoka" cement plant, is located on a hill at the foot of Góra Stodólska (434.7 m above sea level). The quarry offers all the ammonites that existed in a given period. https://www.zamek-ogrodzieniec.pl

The most valued in jewelry is Baltic amber, known since prehistory, which is called succinite.

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it is warm to the touch when heated in the hand it smells pleasant when rubbed, it becomes negatively charged burns with a bright flame, emitting an incense-like scent easily subjected to mechanical processing when heated violently, it bursts can be dyed with organic and synthetic substances it can be subjected to thermal clarification, dyeing, shaping and pressing.

The density of amber is similar to that of sea water. This feature is sometimes used to distinguish real amber from stones imitating them - the tested pieces are thrown into brine with a higher density than sea water (e.g.

5 teaspoons of salt dissolve in a glass of water). Those that do not sink to the bottom of the vessel will be real amber.

AMBER • AMBER IS A FOSSIL RESIN OF CONIFEROUS TREES. IT IS A MINERAL WHOSE OLDEST DEPOSITS DATE BACK TO THE DEVONIAN PERIOD (THEY ARE ABOUT 400 MILLION YEARS OLD). THE AREAS WHERE AMBER DEPOSITS ARE LOCATED WERE COVERED WITH TREES RICH IN RESIN IN ANCIENT TIMES. • AMBER IS A SOLID SUBSTANCE WITH VARIOUS COLORS: YELLOW, WHITISH, RED, GREEN OR BLUISH. THE DEGREE OF TRANSPARENCY OF AMBER DEPENDS ON THE NUMBER OF AIR BUBBLES CONTAINED IN THIS SOLID.

It is used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, medicine and jewelry industries.

Sometimes it contains very valuable from a scientific point of view and extremely attractive to collectors inclusions, often perfectly preserved animal and plant organisms.

POLISH THERMAL WATER THEY ARE OTHERWISE CALLED GEOTHERMAL WATERS. THESE ARE UNDERGROUND WATERS THAT HAVE A TEMPERATURE OF AT LEAST 20 DEGREES CELSIUS AT THE OUTLET. THE ENERGY OF THESE THERMAL WATERS BROUGHT TO THE SURFACE IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, WHICH IS CLASSIFIED AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE.

THE LIST OF HEALTH BENEFITS OF BATHING IN THERMAL WATERS IS VERY LONG. THE MOST IMPORTANT ONES INCLUDE:

COMPOSITION OF THERMAL WATERS POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HEART AND THE ENTIRE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM,

THERMAL WATERS, DRAWN FROM MANY

KILOMETERS OF WELLS, ARE A VERY RICH SOURCE OF VALUABLE MINERALS. DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE WATER IS TIGHTLY CLOSED AND PROTECTED FROM HUMAN INDUSTRIAL OR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, IT IS SATURATED WITH BENEFICIAL CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS NECESSARY FOR THE HUMAN BODY.

ACCELERATION OF METABOLISM (BATHING IN THERMAL WATER CAN BE AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE PROCESS OF SHAPING A NICE FIGURE),

RELIEVING PAIN AND MUSCLE TENSION,

SUPPORT FOR THE REHABILITATION OF INJURED JOINTS AND BONES (THERMAL WATERS HAVE A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM OF PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM, AMONG OTHERS, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS),

REGULATING THE BODY'S HORMONAL BALANCE (IMPORTANT, AMONG OTHERS, FOR WOMEN DURING MENOPAUSE OR AFTER CANCER TREATMENT),

Fun fact The thermal baths have been used for relaxation and therapeutic purposes since ancient times.

In the Roman Empire, legionnaires who were wounded and tired from battles recovered in them.

TERRIFYING SEA HUNTERS THERE ARE OVER 350 SPECIES OF Birth SHARKS. THE SMALLEST, THE SPINY The way sharks do they come into the world, SHARK, IS ABOUT 24 CM LONG, THE depends on the species LARGEST, THE WHALE SHARK, Female species MEASURES 18 METERS AND WEIGHS they lay oviparous OVER 10 TONS, BUT IT IS NOT THE eggs in water. Every egg MOST DANGEROUS ONE, AS IT FEEDS is closed in kind ON PLANKTON, CRUSTACEANS AND green capsule (called SARDINES. mermaid purse) attached for underwater plants.

The capsule bursts after a few months from submission. releasing the baby shark.

In ovoviviparous animals, the young they hatch from eggs in the female's belly, there they develop and then they are excreted outside In viviparous sharks the young ones develop immediately in the body of the mother who eats then gives birth.

Sharks are moving by moving their body in a undulating motion. The Dorsal fin is visible sometimes above the water surface, and pelvic fins stabilize the whole body and are used to change direction. Elongated muzzle allows for quick and strange twists of the whole body.

In the liver of sharks there are special oil is made, who helps them to float in the water. Tiger Shark may have in the liver wet 80 liters of such oil!

Shark skin is covered thousands of tiny buts very sharp scales that, like their teeth, they are constantly growing back.

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Not all sharks have the same diet.

The hammerhead shark feeds on rays, turtles, seagulls and sea lions. The young blue shark, which measures only 50 cm, is not afraid to attack prey larger than itself.

LION, THE KING OF THE ANIMALS • THE ADULT MALE LOOKS REALLY IMPRESSIVE. IT IS APPROXIMATELY 2.70 CM LONG INCLUDING THE TAIL AND WEIGHS 250 KG.

Occurrence: Africa (south of the Sahara)

Diet: Lions are carnivores, hunting mainly hoofed mammals.

In some countries, a complete ban on lion hunting has been introduced

In open areas, lions most often hunt at night. Where there are tall grasses or thick bushes, hunting also occurs during the day.

The first documented case of encountering a white lion dates back to 1928.

UNLIKE ALL OTHER CATS, THE LION IS NOT A LONER, BUT FORMS HERDS OF 20-30 INDIVIDUALS. THERE IS USUALLY ONLY ONE MALE IN THE GROUP. IF THERE ARE TWO OR THREE MALES IN A HERD, THEY USUALLY COME FROM THE SAME LITTER. LIONS DEFEND THEIR TERRITORY UNCOMPROMISINGLY. ANY ATTEMPT AT INTRUSION BY THE CURRENT MALE IS MET WITH A VIOLENT AND DECISIVE REACTION. THE LION THEN EMITS A LOUD ROAR THAT CAN BE HEARD SEVERAL KILOMETERS AWAY. FOREIGN FEMALES ARE ALSO NOT TOLERATED

BY THE LIONESSES OF A GIVEN PRIDE. A MALE USUALLY STAYS IN THE HERD FOR ONLY TWO BREEDING CYCLES. THEN IT LOSES INTEREST IN THIS FAMILY OR LOSES A FIGHT WITH ANOTHER MALE, SO IT IS FORCED TO LOOK FOR ANOTHER HERD. DURING ESTRUS, THE MALE IS CONSTANTLY WITH THE FEMALE. EVERY TWO YEARS SHE GIVES BIRTH TO TWO TO FIVE YOUNG. AT THE END OF THE PREGNANCY, WHICH LASTS ABOUT 110 DAYS, IT LOOKS FOR A QUIET AND SAFE PLACE AT A NEARBY WATERHOLE.

MIMOSA PUDICA IT HAS THE SHORTEST REACTION TIME TO A STIMULUS AMONG ALL SPECIES SHOWING THIS TYPE OF REACTIONS EVEN 0.08 S.

MIMOSA PUDICA (PUDICA (LATIN FOR 'SHY, BASHFUL, SHRINKING'); ALSO CALLED SENSITIVE PLANT, SLEEPY PLANT, ACTION PLANT, TOUCH-ME-NOT, OR SHAMEPLANT) IS A CREEPING ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL FLOWERING PLANT OF THE PEA/LEGUME FAMILY FABACEAE. IT IS OFTEN GROWN FOR ITS CURIOSITY VALUE: THE SENSITIVE COMPOUND LEAVES FOLD INWARD AND DROOP WHEN TOUCHED OR SHAKEN AND RE-OPEN A FEW MINUTES LATER. IT IS WELL KNOWN FOR ITS RAPID PLANT MOVEMENT. LIKE A NUMBER OF OTHER PLANT SPECIES, IT UNDERGOES CHANGES IN LEAF ORIENTATION TERMED "SLEEP" OR NYCTINASTIC MOVEMENT. THE FOLIAGE CLOSES DURING DARKNESS AND REOPENS IN LIGHT THE PLANT REACTS QUICKLY WHEN TOUCHED, WHEN THE LEAVES ARE QUICKLY COOLED OR WARMED, OR WHEN AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE OCCURS

FRUITS AND SEEDS

INFLORESCENCES

Here is a link to a video about Mimosa Pudica movement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mimosa_pudica_in_Hainan.ogv

AFTER THE STIMULUS DISAPPEARS, IT TAKES 15–20 MINUTES TO RETURN TO THE STARTING POSITION. THE MECHANISM OF THIS MOVEMENT INVOLVES CHANGES IN TURGOR IN CUSHION CELLS FUNCTIONING AS THE SO-CALLED ARTICULATED JOINT. THEY ARE LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE LEAF AND AT THE BASE OF ALL LEAF SECTIONS. THE SIGNAL IS PROBABLY CARRIED BY AMINO ACIDS. THE SIGNAL IS TRANSFERRED DEPENDING ON THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND STIMULUS STRENGTH AT A SPEED OF 0.5-10 CM/S.

RAFFLESIA ARNOLDII RAFFLESIA ARNOLDII, THE CORPSE FLOWER, OR GIANT PADMA, IS A SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANT IN THE PARASITIC GENUS RAFFLESIA. IT IS NOTED FOR PRODUCING THE LARGEST INDIVIDUAL FLOWER ON EARTH. IT HAS A STRONG AND UNPLEASANT ODOR OF DECAYING FLESH. IT IS NATIVE TO THE RAINFORESTS OF SUMATRA AND BORNEO. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE SOME PLANTS WITH LARGER FLOWERING ORGANS LIKE THE TITAN ARUM AND TALIPOT PALM THOSE ARE TECHNICALLY CLUSTERS OF MANY FLOWERS.

RAFFLESIA ARNOLDII IS FOUND IN BOTH SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RAINFORESTS. THE BUDS TAKE MANY MONTHS TO DEVELOP AND THE FLOWER LASTS FOR JUST A FEW DAYS. THE FLOWERS ARE DIOECIOUS – EITHER MALE OR FEMALE, THUS BOTH FLOWERS ARE NEEDED FOR SUCCESSFUL POLLINATION. WHEN RAFFLESIA IS READY TO REPRODUCE, A TINY BUD FORMS OUTSIDE THE ROOT OR STEM OF ITS HOST AND DEVELOPS OVER A PERIOD OF A YEAR.

THIS PLANT PARASITIZES SHRUBS OF THE GENUS CISSUS RELATED TO VINES, AND DOES NOT PRODUCE ROOTS, STEMS OR LEAVES ITSELF. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT IT HAS THE LARGEST FLOWER IN THE PLANT WORLD. IT CONSISTS OF FIVE RED AND FLESHY PETALS. ITS DIMENSIONS ARE 80–100 CM IN DIAMETER AND APPROXIMATELY 10 KG IN WEIGHT. IT EMITS A FOUL SMELL OF ROTTING CARRION, WHICH ATTRACTS FLIES THAT POLLINATE IT. IT BLOOMS FOR 5-7 DAYS ONCE EVERY FEW YEARS. DUE TO ITS ODOR, IT IS CALLED THE "CORPSE FLOWER" BY THE INHABITANTS OF SUMATRA.

BLOB

PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM IS EASY TO MISS, BECAUSE THE YELLOWISH COATING ON THE OLD TRUNK SEEN IN THE FOREST DOES NOT ATTRACT ATTENTION. IT IS ALSO DIFFICULT TO SEE IT IN MOTION. ALTHOUGH IT MOVES USING MANY PSEUDOPODS, IT DOES SO QUITE SLOWLY. FOR SOMEONE FASCINATED BY NATURE, THIS SHOULD NOT BE AN OBSTACLE.

A MYSTERIOUS CREATURE IN THE PARIS ZOO

IT HAS 720 SEXES AND CAN LEARN, ALTHOUGH IT HAS NO BRAIN IT ACTUALLY SOUNDS QUITE SHOCKING, BUT IT IS NOT A CREATURE UNKNOWN TO SCIENCE. IT'S A TYPE OF SLIME MOLD CALLED PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM. IT MAY NOT LOOK VERY INTERESTING, BUT IT IS STILL FASCINATING. – OUR BLOB IS ONE OF NATURE'S PUZZLES. IT HAS NO BRAIN, BUT IT HAS THE ABILITY TO LEARN. IF YOU CONNECT TWO, ONE TRANSMITS KNOWLEDGE TO THE OTHER.

THE SLIME MOLD FROM THE PARIS ZOO, LIKE ITS OVER 900 COUSINS AND AUNTS OF OTHER SPECIES, GIVE RESEARCHERS A HEADACHE. CURRENTLY,

REPRODUCTION IN THEIR CASE IS QUITE COMPLICATED. THEY CANNOT MATE WITH JUST ANYONE, BUT ONLY WITH AN INDIVIDUAL WITH AN IDENTICAL SET OF THREE GENES, EACH OF WHICH HAS 16 OF ITS OWN VARIATIONS.

THEY BELONG TO THE PROTIST KINGDOM, WHICH IS THE FIFTH KINGDOM AFTER PROKARYOTES, PLANTS, ANIMALS AND FUNGI. BECAUSE WHERE TO PUT SOMETHING THAT IS NEITHER A BACTERIA, NOR A PLANT, NOR AN ANIMAL, NOR A FUNGUS? IN GOOD CONDITIONS, THEY LIVE ALONE, BUT WHEN THE WEATHER IS UPHILL, THEY UNITE INTO BRANCHED STRUCTURES, COVERING UP TO SEVERAL SQUARE METERS. IT'S LIKE LOOKING FOR YOUR OTHER HALF AMONG SEVERAL HUNDRED DIFFERENT GENDERS. HOWEVER, THEY ARE SO INTELLIGENT THAT THEY HAVE BUILT-IN "CHEMICAL GPS" THAT ALLOWS THEM TO CHOOSE A PREDETERMINED ROUTE, AVOIDING OBSTACLES AND THREATS, THE MEMORY OF WHICH HAS BEEN PASSED ON TO THEM BY OTHER INDIVIDUALS.

THE BEGINNINGS OF COMMUNICATION ON APRIL 3, 1973, DR. MARTIN COOPER INVENTED THE MOBILE PHONE. THE FIRST GENERATION OF ITS PHONES (1G) WAS UPGRADED TO THE MUCH MORE TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED 3G CELLS IN 2003

JAAP HAARTSEN AND SVEN MATTISSON INVENTED BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY IN 1994. IT WAS INTRODUCED TO THE MARKET ONLY IN 1998.

DONAL L. HINGS DEVELOPED A SHORT HAT FOR CANADIAN SOLDIERS DURING WORLD WAR II. LATER, PEOPLE BEGAN TO USE SHORT-WAVE DRUMS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES.

ENGLISH SCIENTIST TIMOTHY BERNERS-LEE INVENTED THE WORLD WIDE WEB IN 1989. THE ORIGINAL USE OF THE WORLD WIDE WEB WAS TO SHARE INFORMATION BETWEEN SCIENTISTS WORKING FOR THE SAME INSTITUTION LOCATED AROUND THE WORLD.

IT CURIOSITIES THE CO-FOUNDER OF APPLE WAS STEVE WOZNIAK A MAN WITH POLISH ROOTS WHO DESIGNED AND BUILT THE APPLE II COMPUTER, THE BESTSELLING COMPUTER IN THE WORLD IN THE YEARS 1980-1983. HIS GREAT-GRANDFATHER WAS BORN IN POLAND.

THE NAME GOOGLE WAS CREATED...BY MISTAKE. ITS CREATOR, LARRY PAGE, MEANT GOOGOL, WHICH MEANS TEN TO THE HUNDREDTH POWER THE FIRST COMPUTER IN THE WORLD WAS BUILT IN 1945. IN THE USA ENCIAC. BUT IS THAT TRUE? COLOSSUS, THE GERMAN MACHINES OF KONRAD ZUSE, AND THE AMERICAN ABC, WHICH PERFORMED 5,000 ACTIONS PER SECOND, ARE ALSO COMPETING FOR THE TITLE.

THE FIRST COMPUTER MOUSE WAS CREATED IN 1968. IN USA. IT WAS INVENTED BY DOUGLAS CART ENGELBART. IT WAS AN ANGULAR WOODEN BOX WITH A CABLE AND RESEMBLED A MOUSE HENCE ITS NAME ;)

OCTOBER 25, 2017 SAUDI ARABIAN CITIZENSHIP WAS GRANTED TO... A ROBOT CALLED SOPHIA, AN AI ALGORITHM ENCLOSED IN THE BODY OF A CYBORG PRODUCED BY A COMPANY FROM HONG KONG

VR TECHNOLOGY VR – what is it?

VR technology has been in development for a long time, but only recently have VR glasses allowed many users to experience what a virtual world looks like for themselves. VR – what exactly is it? The abbreviation comes from the English language meaning Virtual Reality. It is the use of computer technologies to create a three-dimensional image that provides users with full immersion in the world built by the creators.

You put on the glasses and suddenly you are transported to a space station or a world overrun by zombies, fighting in a war or racing on a track. How is this actually possible? How do VR glasses work? These glasses deceive human senses. Two separate screens or one divided into two parts display slightly different images, giving the impression of depth. It is very important to cut off the user from external stimuli.

But that's not all! How do VR glasses work and make you able to move around in virtual reality? They are equipped with numerous sensors or cameras that record the movement of your head and body both horizontally and vertically. Thanks to this, the image displayed on the screen quickly responds to your movement and changes depending on the direction in which you are looking .

That's why the design of the glasses is strongly built-in, enriched with built-in speakers with surround sound, thanks to which you are able to hear sound coming from a specific direction. Its source may be, for example, an enemy approaching you.

ALGORITHMS - HOW DO THEY WORK? IN OTHER WORDS, ALGORITHMS ARE SETS OF RULES BY WHICH ROBOTS EVALUATE WEBSITES AND THEN RANK THEM IN ORGANIC SEARCH RESULTS. THEY ARE NECESSARY SO THAT EVERY GOOGLE SEARCH USER CAN FIND THE MOST RELEVANT INFORMATION AND HIGHQUALITY CONTENT ON A GIVEN TOPIC. In some countries (including the United States), algorithms can be patented if they are implemented for some practical purpose. Opponents of this approach claim that patenting algorithms slows down the development of computer science because one manufacturer can obtain a monopoly on writing software that creates certain types of files (as was the case with GIF). Many computer companies engage in legal disputes among themselves regarding ownership rights to certain patents. The counterargument of the supporters of software patents is the intellectual property right (which is, for example, a musical work, which is the product of the intellect and work of a musician), assuming that the program is the intellectual property of the creator.

WHAT EXACTLY IS A PROGRAMMER'S JOB? • A PROGRAMMER IS CURRENTLY ONE OF THE MOST DESIRED PROFESSIONS. HOWEVER, THIS IS NOT ONLY RELATED TO THE HIGH EARNINGS THAT IT INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES CAN COUNT ON. THIS SECTOR IS CONSTANTLY DEVELOPING, WHICH MEANS THAT QUALIFIED PROGRAMMERS ARE WORTH THEIR WEIGHT IN GOLD, WHICH IS WHY THEY CAN COUNT ON STABLE EMPLOYMENT.

What are the responsibilities of a programmer?

Due to the dynamic nature of the IT industry, it is very difficult to determine the general scope of a programmer's responsibilities. Moreover, it strictly depends on the type of business conducted by the company that employs such a person. Most often, however, a programmer's work involves: creating programs and applications using a programming language, developing operating systems, databases and drivers, finding and removing errors that occurred while creating a program or application, or testing software.

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT WATER • AT BIRTH, WATER CONSTITUTES APPROXIMATELY 80% OF AN INFANT'S BODY WEIGHT • HOWEVER, DRINKING TOO MUCH WATER CAN CAUSE POISONING. WATER CAN BECOME TOXIC WHEN IT OVER-DILUTES SODIUM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD AND CAUSES WATER IMBALANCES IN THE BRAIN. • THE WEIGHT THAT IS LOST DIRECTLY AFTER INTENSIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS, CONTRARY TO APPEARANCES, THE WEIGHT OF WATER, NOT FAT • WATER DISSOLVES MORE SUBSTANCES THAN ANY OTHER LIQUID ON EARTH. WHEREVER IT TRAVELS, WATER PICKS UP CHEMICALS, MINERALS AND NUTRIENTS.

• ON AVERAGE, AN ADULT USES 320-400 LITERS OF WATER PER DAY. FLUSHING THE TOILET CONSUMES THE LARGEST AMOUNT OF THIS WATER.

CHEMICALS IN THE KITCHEN, ACIDS: COCA COLA, VINEGAR, LEMON

• COCA-COLA HAS MANY ALTERNATIVE USES, INCLUDING AS A CLEANING AGENT. DUE TO ITS ACIDITY, IT CAN BE USED TO REMOVE RUST OR SCALE

IN MANY DISHES, APPLE CIDER VINEGAR IS USED AS AN ADDITION TO SALADS AND MEAT DISHES. BUT MANY PEOPLE ARE NOT AWARE OF ITS HEALTH-PROMOTING USES. IT ACCELERATES DIGESTION, STIMULATES THE SECRETION OF GASTRIC JUICES AND THE SYNTHESIS OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, HELPS SPLIT FATS AND, AS A RESULT, CONTRIBUTES TO WEIGHT LOSS.

LEMON IS A REAL TREASURE TROVE OF HEALTHY SUBSTANCES. ALTHOUGH IT DOES NOT CONTAIN THE MOST VITAMIN C, IT HAS A LOT OF IT - AS MUCH AS 53 MG/100 G. IT ALSO CONTAINS A LOT OF RUTIN, WHICH PROTECTS THE BODY AGAINST THE LOSS OF VITAMIN C AND SEALS BLOOD VESSELS.

PAINKILLERS, TYPES, HOW THEY ARE PRODUCED, WHERE THEY COME FROM AS YOU CAN SEE, MANY TYPES OF PAINKILLERS HAVE BEEN CREATED OVER THE YEARS. THEREFORE, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DESCRIBE IN ONE SENTENCE HOW THE PILLS COMMON IN OUR HOMES WORK. THEY CONTAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBSTANCES, EACH OF WHICH HAS A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PURPOSE. BUT FIRST, YOU NEED TO TELL YOURSELF WHAT PAIN ACTUALLY IS. THE DEFINITION FROM THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF PAIN IS: “AN UNPLEASANT SENSORY AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE ASSOCIATED WITH, OR DESCRIBED AS, ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL TISSUE DAMAGE.” IT CAN TAKE VARIOUS SIZES AND LAST FOR A MOMENT OR FOR YEARS.

Even though everyone would probably prefer to avoid it, it plays a very important role for us. Simply put, it warns us that something bad is happening to our body. Our nervous system is responsible for controlling it. Receptors located on the body are activated by some external stimulus (cut, high temperature, etc.) and send a signal to the brain through the spinal cord.

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, tramadol, fentanyl and methadone act directly on the central nervous system.

Signals are still sent by receptors to the brain, but they are not properly analyzed there. These are very strong and fast-acting agents that can often cope with even the strongest pain. However, you must remember that these are legal drugs and can easily lead to addiction. The strongest of them, such as morphine, do not have the so-called ceiling effect, i.e. the threshold dose beyond which they no longer provide greater relief. The popular paracetamol has the same effect, but is much weaker and non-addictive.

FERMENTATION • FERMENTATION - AN ENZYMATIC PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, CARRIED OUT BY MICROORGANISMS, E.G. BACTERIA OR YEAST, RESULTING IN DISPROPORTIONATION OF THE SUBSTRATE, I.E. ITS SIMULTANEOUS OXIDATION AND REDUCTION, E.G.

THIS PROCESS IS ACCOMPANIED BY THE RELEASE OF ENERGY, WHICH IS USUALLY STORED IN THE FORM OF ATP, PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF SUBSTRATE PHOSPHORYLATION, OR, EXCEPTIONALLY, AS A RESULT OF THE OPERATION OF TRANSMEMBRANE PUMPS: HYDROGEN OR SODIUM. FERMENTATION MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN METABOLICALLY USEFUL ENERGY FOR ORGANISMS THAT PERMANENTLY OR PERIODICALLY LIVE IN ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS. THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF FERMENTATION IS MUCH LOWER THAN THAT OF AEROBIC PROCESSES. ONE GLUCOSE MOLECULE YIELDS 2 (SOMETIMES 1–2.5) ATP MOLECULES, WHILE IN THE KREBS CYCLE, ONE GLUCOSE MOLECULE YIELDS 32 (OR 38) ATP MOLECULES​

POLYMERS • POLYMERS (GREEK: POLYMERES, MULTIPART, MADE OF MANY PARTS) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES WITH A VERY HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT THAT CONSIST OF MANY TIMES REPEATED UNITS CALLED MERS.

NATURAL POLYMERS ARE ONE OF THE

NATURAL POLYMERS ARE ONE OF THE BASIC

BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIVING ORGANISMS. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF PLASTICS, AS WELL AS MANY OTHER COMMONLY USED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SUCH AS PAINTS, VARNISHES, INDUSTRIAL OILS, ADHESIVES, ETC.

BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIVING ORGANISMS. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF PLASTICS, AS WELL AS MANY OTHER COMMONLY USED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS SUCH AS PAINTS, VARNISHES, INDUSTRIAL OILS, LUBRICANTS, ADHESIVES, ETC. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS ARE OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF CHAIN OR SEQUENTIAL POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS FROM COMPOUNDS HAVING AT LEAST TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. CALLED MONOMERS.

BY "VERY HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT" IS USUALLY UNDERSTOOD A SITUATION WHERE THE REMOVAL OR ADDITION OF ONE MER DOES NOT SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE THE OVERALL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOUND. THIS DISTINGUISHES POLYMERS FROM OLIGOMERS, WHICH HAVE SUCH A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT THAT ADDING OR SUBTRACTING ONE MER TO THEM RESULTS IN A NOTICEABLE CHANGE IN THEIR PROPERTIES (E.G. MELTING TEMPERATURE).

SEWING • TAILORING, LIKE MANY CRAFTS, IS ASSOCIATED WITH ONE OF THE BASIC HUMAN NEEDS TO PROVIDE COMFORT FOR ONESELF AND ONE'S BODY IN THE FORM OF PROTECTION AGAINST COLD, WIND, SUN AND OTHER WEATHER CONDITIONS. TODAY, IT IS NOT ONLY A CRAFT, BUT ALSO OFTEN A REAL ART THAT WE SEE ON CATWALKS AROUND THE WORLD.

1. Natural materials 1.1. Cotton 1.2. Wool 1.3. Silk 1.4. Flax 1.5. Skin 2. Artificial materials 2.1. Viscose 2.2. Lyocell 2.3. Modal 2.4. Acetate 2.5. Cupro 3. Synthetic materials 3.1. Polyester 3.2. Polyamide 3.3. Acrylic 3.4. Elastane

There are many sewing devices, and here are some of them: -Looms -Hackle.

-Lesser moth.

-Reel.

-Reel (Tyson) -Flywheel.

-Turnstile.

-Hank.

-Reel

CYCLING – THE BASICS • DAILY CYCLING HAS A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. IT ALLOWS YOU TO GET RID OF UNNECESSARY FAT TISSUE, STRENGTHENS THE SPINE AND BONES. IT ALSO DEVELOPS MUSCLES AND IMPROVES YOUR FIGURE. AN HOUR OF CYCLING AT A LEISURELY PACE IS ENOUGH TO BURN ABOUT 500 CALORIES

MANDATORY BICYCLE EQUIPMENT INCLUDES BRAKES, LIGHTS AND A BELL. WITHOUT THESE ELEMENTS, CYCLISTS ARE EXPOSED TO A FINE OF UP TO PLN 500. ABOVE ALL, THEY ARE IMPORTANT FOR DRIVING SAFETY.

DAILY CYCLING HAS A BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON THE HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. IT ALLOWS YOU TO GET RID OF UNNECESSARY FAT TISSUE, STRENGTHENS THE SPINE AND BONES. IT ALSO DEVELOPS MUSCLES AND IMPROVES YOUR FIGURE. AN HOUR OF CYCLING AT A LEISURELY PACE IS ENOUGH TO BURN ABOUT 500 CALORIES

HOW FOOD WAS PRESERVED IN THE OLD DAYS. • THE BIGGEST PROBLEMS WERE THE STORAGE OF MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS. NETTLES WERE USED TO PRESERVE FRESH MEAT FOR A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME, WRAPPING THE MEAT AND THEM IN A LINEN CLOTH. VINEGAR, WHICH WAS SOAKED IN A CLOTH, WAS ALSO USED FOR THIS PURPOSE. COLD CUTS WERE SMOKED IN THE ALREADY MENTIONED ATTIC OR IN SPECIAL SMOKEHOUSES BUILT NEAR THE HOUSE. MELTED ANIMAL FAT WAS STORED IN CLAY OR STONEWARE POTS, VEGETABLE OIL IN CLAY AND THEN IN GLASS BOTTLES. SALINITY WAS USED FOR A LONGER PERIOD. SALT WAS SIMPLY SPRINKLED ON MEAT AND FISH, BACON, WHITE CHEESE, ROOT VEGETABLES, SORREL, DILL, LEGUMES, MUSHROOMS AND EVEN HERBS.

Before eating, such meat had to be soaked to remove excess salt. This is where the broths came from, because salinity causes, at a salt concentration of approximately 15% - 25%, that most microorganisms are neutralized.

There is also another salting technique: pouring water with salt, the so-called brine. This method is extremely simple and can be used at home. You can salt it by pouring crushed vegetables or the whole thing with plain white table salt, or you can also pour the whole thing with brine, which had to cover the product. The meat was rubbed with herbs and salt.

HOW TO MAKE A BIRD FEEDER? STEP BY STEP GUIDE You can also try making feeders from wooden ice cream sticks :)

• THE FEEDER CAN BE HUNG IN THE YARD, IN FRONT OF THE HOUSE OR ON THE PLOT. DURING FROSTS (BIRDS SHOULD NOT BE FED WHEN THE TEMPERATURE IS HIGHER), SUCH A SMALL STRUCTURE CAN SAVE MANY LIVES. THESE ARE VERY USEFUL PET ACCESSORIES. THEY HELP THEM SURVIVE THE

WINTER. IT IS BEST TO FEED OUR WINGED FRIENDS WITH GRAINS OR CRUSHED NUTS. IT VARIES WITH BREAD, BUT YOU DEFINITELY CAN'T OVERDO IT.

You can just as quickly create a structure from a milk carton.

A wine cork feeder is a great recycling idea!

THE BASIC INGREDIENT OF ADHESIVES IS A SYNTHETIC OR NATURAL POLYMER IN THE FORM OF THE SIMPLEST RECIPE FOR MAKING HOMEMADE GLUE IS TO USE FLOUR AND WATER. WITH • A SUBSTANCE THAT, WHEN INTRODUCED BETWEEN THE ITS HELP, THE CHILD WILL BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY GLUE PAPER ADJACENT SURFACES OF TWO OBJECTS MADE OF THE SAME OR WORKS. DIFFERENT MATERIALS, ENABLES THEIR PERMANENT CONNECTION IN THE SECOND SUGGESTION FOR PREPARING A SAFE PRODUCT IS TO MAKE GLUE FROM FLOUR, WATER, SUGAR AND APPLE CIDER THE GLUING PROCESS. ADHESIVES ARE CLASSIFIED AS SURFACEACTIVE MATERIALS (LIKE PAINTS, VARNISHES AND DETERGENTS), THE VINEGAR. WE WILL NEED: - 1 CUP OF WHEAT FLOUR, CHARACTERISTIC OF WHICH IS TO INCREASE ADHESION. - 1 AND 1/2 CUPS OF WATER, NATURAL GLUES: THEY CAN BE OF PLANT OR ANIMAL ORIGIN. - 1/3 CUP OF SUGAR, HOWEVER, SYNTHETIC ADHESIVES ARE OF GREATEST - 1 TEASPOON OF APPLE CIDER VINEGAR (PRESERVATIVE) – TECHNICAL IMPORTANCE. OPTIONAL. IN THE CONSERVATION OF PAPER-BASED OBJECTS, MIX FLOUR AND SUGAR WITH WATER UNTIL YOU GET A THICK GLUTINOUS GLUES (LEATHER, GELATIN), STARCH, FISH, RABBIT PASTE WITHOUT LUMPS. FINALLY, ADD A TEASPOON OF AND PARCHMENT GLUES ARE TRADITIONALLY USED. STARCH VINEGAR. COOK THIS MIXTURE OVER MEDIUM HEAT UNTIL IT GLUES WERE KNOWN IN ANCIENT CHINA AND EGYPT. THICKENS SLIGHTLY. PLACE THE COOLED MIXTURE IN A ANIMAL GLUES HAVE BEEN USED TO SEAL FINISHED SHEETS CONTAINER AND KEEP IT IN THE REFRIGERATOR.A COLLOIDAL SINCE THE 13TH CENTURY. SUSPENSION IN A SPECIFIC SOLVENT OR FORMING SUCH A SUSPENSION WHEN MIXED WITH A HARDENER, PLASTICIZER, MODIFYING SUBSTANCES AND OTHERS. ADHESIVES ARE MOST OFTEN IN LIQUID FORM, AND SOMETIMES IN SOLID FORM POWDER, PEARLS, FOIL OR STICKS, ADHESIVE INSERTS WHICH, WHEN MELTED, CREATE A JOINT.

GLUE

GIVE ME A FULCRUM AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH"

"

ARCHIMEDES OF SYRACUSE • THE QUOTE "GIVE ME A FULCRUM AND I WILL MOVE THE EARTH" COMES FROM ARCHIMEDES, AN ANCIENT GREEK MATHEMATICIAN, PHYSICIST AND ENGINEER WHOSE SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS HAD A PROFOUND IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maszyny_proste

LITERALLY, THE QUOTE REFERS TO A LEVER AS A TOOL FOR TRANSFERRING LARGE FORCES. LEVERAGE IS AN ELEMENT OF PHYSICS THAT ALLOWS WEIGHTS TO BE MOVED USING EVENLY DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE. EXAMPLES OF THE PRACTICAL USE OF LEVERS CAN BE FOUND BOTH IN ANCIENT TIMES AND IN MODERN TIMES FROM SIMPLE STRUCTURES SUCH AS CROWBARS TO ADVANCED MACHINES.

METAPHORICALLY, ARCHIMEDES' QUOTE REFERS TO THE POWER OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE THAT CAN "MOVE" THE WORLD. ARCHIMEDES SHOWED THAT THANKS TO HIS KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS HE IS ABLE TO DO THINGS THAT SEEM IMPOSSIBLE TO OTHERS. HIS ABILITIES HAVE BECOME A SYMBOL OF THE POWER OF SCIENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON REALITY.

PHOTOVOLTAICS - PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION • THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF THEIR OPERATION IS TO CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY. THE LIGHT THAT REACHES THE CELL IS COMPOSED OF PHOTONS ON ITS SMALLEST SCALE. THE SILICON IN THE CELL ABSORBS THE PHOTON AND KNOCKS THE ELECTRON OUT OF ITS POSITION, THUS FORCING IT TO MOVE. THE MOVEMENT OF ELECTRONS IS THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT.

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS PRODUCE ENERGY EXCLUSIVELY FROM SOLAR RADIATION. THEY DO NOT NEED OTHER RAW MATERIALS, SUCH AS COAL, SO THEY DO NOT EMIT CARBON DIOXIDE OR OTHER HARMFUL GASES INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.

ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOVOLTAICS INDEPENDENCE FROM ELECTRICITY PRICE INCREASES. FREE PUBLIC ENERGY SOURCE. AN ECOLOGICAL WAY OF OBTAINING ELECTRICITY. FINANCING FOR INSTALLATION. TAX RELIEF. SURPLUS ELECTRICITY THAT YOU CAN ALWAYS USE LOW SOUND INTENSITY. RELIABILITY OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION.

SURFACE TENSION A PHYSICAL PHENOMENON OCCURRING AT THE INTERFACE OF A LIQUID SURFACE WITH A SOLID, GAS, OR OTHER LIQUID, THANKS TO WHICH THE SURFACE BEHAVES LI THE REASON FOR THE EXISTENCE OF SURFACE TENSION IS THE ATTRACTIVE FORCES BETWEEN THE MOLECULES OF A LIQUID.KE AN ELASTIC FILM.

Surface tension gives shape to flowing water

Surface tension keeps the coin on the surface.

Some insects use the surface tension of water.

The surface tension at the boundary of two phases can be reduced by adding surface-active substances, including: soaps, emulsifiers and detergents.

The solar system a planetary system in the Milky Way, consisting of the Sun was formed and its gravitationally bound celestial bodies: eight about 4.6 billion planets[b], at least 205 of their moons[c][1], five dwarf planets[d] and billions (a perhaps even trillions)[2] of years ago

small bodies, which include asteroids, comets and meteoroids, as well as interplanetary dust.

Asteroids are mostly small bodies in the solar system, consisting mainly of rocky and metallic minerals. The main asteroid belt occupies an orbit between Mars and Jupiter

WATER LOCK

A HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURE ERECTED ON NAVIGABLE CANALS, RIVERS AND BETWEEN LAKES. THEY ARE BUILT TO ENABLE FLOATING UNITS (E.G. SHIPS, BARGES, YACHTS) TO OVERCOME WATER LEVEL DIFFERENCES DURING NAVIGATION.

The lift uses Archimedes' principle, according to which a chamber filled with water weighs the same regardless of whether there are ships in it or not, so such a chamber can be very precisely balanced with ballasts and therefore requires little energy to drive it, and, for example, a piston lift does not use it at all.

The lock works in such a way that the floating unit enters the chamber through one open partition and the other closed partition. The open partition is then closed and water is let into or out of the chamber as needed. After the levels in the chamber and outlet channel equalize, the gates open and the unit flows out of the chamber.