Brick by Brick: An Analysis of Hotel Design

Brick by brick An analysis of Hotel Design

Text Copyright © 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the authors.

Written and Designed by: Seohee Ahn Angelina Alexandre Kirstin Bornemeier Hannah Furman Princess Kay Guntalilib Zoe Kennedy Lexi Mills Thao Nguyen Sarah Street Alex Verkamp Edited by: Lexi Mills Supervised by: Vahid Vahdat, PhD. Assistant Professor Washington State University The Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture Pullman, WA 99163

About the Authors

4

Overview

5

Procedural Organization Space Planning and Industry Standards

8

Well V2 Certification

16

Operational Procedures

20

Existing conditions Site Planning

28

Demographics

36

Urban Context

46

case studies 70 The Hampton Inn

The Proper Hotel 74

78 Naz City Hotel

La Quinta 82

84 De Soleil Hotel

Springhill Suites Marriott 86

90 The Hyatt Place 96 Fairfield Inn

Trek Resort 92 Blossom Dreams Hotel 100

contents

Introduction

introduction 4

About thE authors This book was compiled by a group of junior interior design students at Washington State University. We come from all over the world, brought together by our love and curiosity for design. We have collaborated to create this booklet, incorporating each of our unique design styles. With our knowledge we have built on the past few years at WSU along with extensive research, this book is to inform about hotel design and the city of Yazd, Iran. To design a hotel in that city we have researched the city and how hotels are structured both physically and operationally. We hope you have as much fun learning about the city and cultureofYazdaswedidandfindthisinformationhelpfulandinspiring.

Written by:

Seohee Ahn

Angelina Alexandre

Kirstin Bornemeier

Hannah Furman

Princess Kay Guntalilib

Zoe Kennedy

Lexi Mills

Thao Nguyen

Sarah Street

Alex Verkamp

OVERVIEW We are designing a hotel from one of two historical factories in Yazd, Iran. In the process of converting these factories for adaptive reuse, we found there was a lot of research for us to understand both the historical context of our site, but also for designing hotels in general. This booklet is divided into three sections of the research we have done: Phase 1, Phase 2, and Case Studies.

Phase 1: Procedural Organization of our research covers the organization and internal processesofhoteldesign.Thefirstsectioncoversspatialplanningandstand how hotels are generally arranged. This can include the connection between back of house facilities and where they overlap for the public, as well as the relative size and proximityofspaces.ThesecondsectioncoversWELLV2certification,whichweplan to incorporate into our hotel designs. This section explains what WELL V2 is and some examples of elements we can use to guide our designs. The last section of Phase 1 covers the Operational Procedures of the inner working of hotels. We reached out to some people to learn how their hotels operate day to day.

Phase2coversdetailsaboutYazdandIraningeneral.Ourfirstsectionofthispha covers information on the land of our site like climate and geography. Section 2 on Demographics covers infomration on the people and population of the city. Lastly, the third section gives Urban Context on how the area has grown and developed over the years. We look at tourism, public transportation, administrative division, and more.

The last section of this book, Case Studies, covers research we compiled on realworld hotels, from chain value hotels to family vacation destinations to private luxury resorts. Each of us researched the circulation, zoning, and ornanization as well asdesignasetheticsforthedi-erenthoteloptions.Thissectionusesrealim diagrams, and plans to study how each hotel operates.

5

6

PHASE 1: Procedural Organization

7

space planning and industry standards

space planning & industry standards Programmingdefinestheactivitiesthatwillbeconducted within the hotel and establishing relationships between the activity’s spaces.

It is important to follow the expectations of the hotel including all of the activities accurate representation of the space, as well as the circulation throughout all of the spaces.

Space planning is an in-depth analysis of how the physical space is used in the building. It is important to consider the purpose of the spaces Standards are documented agreements containingtechnicalspecifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitionsofcharacteristics

Kitchen

Main Lobby

Back Room

The public programming relationships are crucial in making sure that the guest knows where they are always, know what options are provided for them, and the initial experience of their stay at the hotel.

The main lobby includes the front desk as well as a potential lounge space for guests. Nearby is the retail shop including tourist merchandise, brochures, and quick snacks.

The public bathrooms are close to all the action including the business center,restaurant,andmainlobbyspace.Thefitnesscenterpotentially will have its own locker room including toilets, but if not, it gets pulled into the public bathroom relationship programming.

8

Ind Cafe or

Pub

Guest Suite

Living/Dining/ Lounge Zones

Sleeping Zone

Bathroom/Dressing Zones

door/Outdoor e, Restaurant, Lounge/Bar

Guest Suite Back Room

blic Space Break Room

Laundry

Administrative O-ces

Mechanical Rooms Storage/Garbage Rooms

9

space planning and industry standards

Innovative Public space All Other Public ZOning Potential Programs for an Innovative Public Space Business Center

Fitness Facilites

Retail Shops

Outdoor Spaces- Gardens, pools, decks etc.

Entertainment/ Conference Centers

Additional Features in Public Spaces Public Toilets

Guest Services 10

guest room dimensions upscale Hotels

Living Area 13' 6" x 19' 256 sq ft

Total Guest Room 13' 6" x 19' 256 sq ft

Bathroom 5' 6" x 8' 5" 47 sq ft

Luxury Hotels

Living Area 15' x 20' 300 sq ft

Total Guest Room 15' x 30' 450 sq ft

Bathroom 7' 6" x 9' 71 sq ft

11

space planning and industry standards

Kitchen & Dining standards Snack Bar

Cafe-restaurant

Large hotel restaurant kitchen

12

seating standards 3'

6'

16"

5 1/2'

3'

16"

7'

8 1/2'

3'

5 1/2'

12"

7'

12"

6 1/2'

30" -/= 18"

6"-8" -/= 24" 30"-34"

8"-16"

44"-46"

24"

34"

20"-25"

17" 22"

30"-34" 16"-20"

12"-14"

24" 15"

32"

12" 8"

4"10" 12" 2" 16" 16"

The functional design of dining rooms involves determining the following: 1.Entrancesandtra-c axes, which limit the usable area, according to number and required width.

2. Service points (with the exception of variable forms of furniture): stations for 40 places each with at least one service point as centrally placed as possible.

3. Table sizes and shapes according to the character of the business and the expected guest structure. A good procedure is to design a percentage structure of desirable table sizes with various combinations, starting from the intended total capacity. Table sizes and shapes result from the intended use. Areas of about 20 (12-24) places are designed according to the character, type of business and intended visual organisation, to avoid the impression of a waiting room.

35" 17"

4 - 4 1/2'

2" 4" 18"

30"

16" 4" 20"

40"-44" 12"-16" 20"

13

space planning and industry standards

Guest Room standards King rooms

queen/queen rooms

king suite

14

15

WELL V2

WELL V2

Building standard

Introduction

The WELL v2 Building Standard is a guide for buildings and organizations to implement more intentional spaces that enhance the occupant’s health and well-being. WELL is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring features of the built environment through the concepts of the certification.

Thiscertificationsignifiesknowledgeofhumanhealthandwellnessinthe The built main envir goal is to enhance occupant’s health through the set strategies provided that are used as resources through design interventions, operational protocols, and policies.

WELL v2 operates on a points-based system. The project point valve is determined by the potential for impact. Projects must earn a minimum of two points per concept (4 total). In the hospitality design process, e-ectiveconceptsthatmaybebeneficialtouseareNourishment,Light,Movement,andMind concept includes a list of strategies that have a certain amount of points that you can earn if it is properly incorporated into your design.

Nourishment Points Feature

Requirements

2 pts max Food Production Feature N12 The provision of space, infrastructure and tools for on-site food production.

2 pts

Provide Greening Space Project provides a permanent and accessible space for food production

Strategies

-Garden or greenhouse with food-bearing plants -Edible landscape (fruit trees, herbs)

-Edible landscape

16

Strategy Images

Light Points Feature

Requirements

Strategies

Strategy Images

3 pts max Enhanced Daylight Access Feature L05 Support circadian and psychological health through indoor aylight exposure and outdoor views

1 pt

-Outdoor views from window -Daylight exposure to the Ensure views indoor space Transparent envelope glazing provides access to views for at least 50% of regular occupants.

Movement Points Feature

Requirements

2 pts max Physical spaces & Equipment Feature V08 Promote regular physical activity & exercise by providing physical activity spaces & equipment at no cost 1 pt

1 pt

Provide physical activity equipment: -At least 1 type of age & ability appropriate equipment from each of the following categories at no cost

Strategies

Strategy Images

Cardiorespiratory equipment: -Elliptical,Treadmill Muscle-strengthening equipment: -Cycling, weight lifting

-Green space -Gym,fitnesscenter Provideo--siteactivityspaces(exterior) -Walking: pathway -At least one of the following is available -Playground for children to employees or occupants at no cost

2 pts max Active Furnishings Feature V07 Discourage prolonged sitting by providing active workstations & furnishings to as many people in the building as possible 2 pts max

-At least 50% of workstations (1 pt) -At least 75 % of workstations Provide active workstations: -Sit-standworkstationsino-ces (2 pts) -Manual or electric adjustable height workstation -Seated-height workstations with a manual or electrically height-adjustable -Treadmill desk desktop stand -Bicycle desk -Portable furnishings Dynamic workstations: (stepper, machines, balance -At least 3% of employees could reserve board) or use them at any time

17

WELL v2

Building Standard Mind

WELL v2

Points Feature

Requirements

1 pt min Sleep Support Feature M11 Support healthy, restorative & consistent sleep habits among occupants 1 pt

Provide workplace sleep support: Eligible employees are allowed to engage in a min. Of one 20-30 min nap during the day At least 1 of the furniture options below is provided per eligible 100 employees & places in a calm, quiet & low-light environment

-Bed or daybed -Couch -Cushioned roll-out mat -Sleep pod -Fully reclining chair -Hammock

1 pt max Restorative Spaces Feature M07 Support access to spaces that promote restoration and relief from mental fatigue or stress.

1 pt

-Break room Provide restorative indoor space: -Rest area Room may be broken up into multiple -Spa smaller rooms that total the required -Sleeping room amount.

Designated exclusively for contemplation, relaxation and restoration

1 pt max Enhanced access to nature Feature M09 Access to Nature by further incorporating nature through interior and exterior design, nature views and access to nearby nature.

1 pt

18

Strategies

Provide enhanced access to nature Outdoor conditions: -At least 70% plants or natural elements -At least 25% of the exterior building site area consists of either landscaped grounds, rooftop gardens or other natural elements open to regular occupants.

Indoor conditions: -Any combination of indoor plants and water features are within a direct line of sight of at least 75% of all workstations and seating within shared areas and rooms.

-Views are available within a direct line of sight of at least 75% of all workstations and seating within shared areas and rooms

-Garden -Walking pathway -Pond -Fountain -Stream

-Indoor garden -Indoor fountain -Potted plants -Plant beds -Plant walls

Strategy Images

19

O p e r at i o n a l P r o c e d u r e s

Operational Procedures To be able to design a hotel, we need to not only know spatially how it should be organized, but how the staff of a hotel operate it. We set out to research the internal operations of the hospitality industry. To gather this information we formulated a series of direct and open-ended questions.

Once we had the questions it was time to chose our target hotels.

O Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites (Pullman, WA) O Residence Inn (Pullman, WA)

RESEARCH GOALS AND GAME PLAN

Residence Inn Hotel

O Gather the necessary information to design a hotel that serves the management team efficiently and effectively.

O This means putting our preconceived knowledge of being a guest aside and focus on what might happen behind the scenes that guests have never noticed or encountered.

Holiday Inn Express Hotel and Suites We contacted two hotels near our University in Pullman, WA that are a part of a bigger franchise assuming they would have more streamlined processes of running a hotel. Some of these processes include laundry, guest room preparation, pool care, registration, kitchen, maintenance, etc.

This also includes working conditions that the guests never see that can be demanding and treacherous for the staff.

20

TARGET HOTELS:

We will also cover some ofthedesignflawsthat were overlooked by the designer.

Theseflawsareeasily noticed by those occupying the space.

Someflawsinterruptthe job and prove to cause a problem with the basics of how a hotel is run successfully. Our goal is to prevent this!

SPACES OF WORK

STAFF ONLY colors get lighter with a greater importance of the

Eachjobtitleoccupiesadi-erentspaceorafewdi-erentspacesdependingontheta perform.

O It is very common for some of the employees to branch out of their job description and juggles a variety of tasks.

O This being said it is important for each space to have the potential of being organized and easy to access with plenty of storage.

21

O p e r at i o n a l P r o c e d u r e s 22

Althoughitisbeneficialtohidemostofwhat goes on behind the scenes from guests, we must reveal what happens in the back to createsomethingbeneficialforthehoteland sta-.

WORKING CONDITIONS One of these secrets being the working conditions in the kitchen.

For a lot of franchise hotels, the kitchens are very small and somewhat located near the public spaces.

Because of the placement, there are often no windows in the kitchen as well poor ventilation.

The kitchen can get intensely hot and humid.

Another possible downside is the lack ofstoragecausingoverflowandlack of organization.

O Thereshouldbeamplestorageinthekitchen,registrationdesk/o-ces,guestroo closetsoneveryfloor,laundryroom,etc.

O Despite what may ever go on behind scenes, guests need to see a clean and organized hotel.

The laundry is a hefty task, often lacking enough help. Each hotel usually has two employees that collectthelaundryfromallofthefloors,runsth machines for the laundry, fold, and return the clean laundry to the linen closets.

These working conditions and processes could be simplified and evolved to work better for those with the corresponding job descriptions.

23 2

O p e r at i o n a l P r o c e d u r e s

DESIGN FLAWS It is common for a designer to miss key factors of a building that does not get brought into focusuntiltheoccupantsfillthespaceevery dayandhavetoendurethoseflaws.The hotels we interviewed gave us some insight intosomeofthesepossibleflaws. storage The Residence Inn has such a shortage of storage they must use an entire meeting room to store things, taking up valuable space for both their sta-andguests.Ahotelwithadiverseclimate service elevator It makes for a crowded and likePullmanwillhavedi-erentneedsthroughout awkward elevator ride for a the year to store items like extra blankets, snow guest to share with a cart full removal equipment, and summer items like sun of dirty laundry. Workers have umbrellas, etc. Seasonal items are not the only mentioned that a separate need, but extra towels, toiletries, and food are elevatorforsta-onlywould needed when the hotel is at its max capacity.

Providingampleroomstorageforguestsandsta-benotonlymoree-cientfor sta-work,butsaveguests in administration areas is crucial. the hassle of waiting for an elevator when one is full of maintenance equipment. emergency power Anotherflawthatwasdiscussedistheimportanceof a backup generator in the case of a power outage. If a hotel does not have battery-powered backup lights, the hotel could run into potential problems for both safetyofitssta-andguestsbutalsooperationally.

Workersandguestsneedtobeabletoclearlyfind exits during a power outage or other emergency. In the case of a power outage caused by weather, the hotel needs a backup form of electricity to continue running. Things like the heating systems, the kitchen applianceslikerefrigeratorsandfreezers,orfiltration need to be kept operable.

If a guest has a medical equipment need like a CPAP machine, they won't be able to power their machine while they sleep in the event of an emergency which could be dangerous and a potential liability. Guest health, safety, and welfare is the priority of a hotel sta-aswellasthedesignersofthehotel.

24

citEd REsourcEs Holt, Channa. Interview with Thao Nguyen and Angelina Alexandre. Personal interview. Pullman, WA. September 13, 2021.

The American Institute of Architects. Architectural Graphic Standards (Eleventh Ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.

Wiley, Meghan. Interview with Thao Nguyen and Angelina Alexandre. Personal interview. Pullman, WA. September 15, 2021.

p h a s E 1 c i tat i o n s

InternationalWELLBuildingInstitute.20.“WELLv2BuildingStandard.”Wellcertified.com.October 20.https:/v2.wellcertified.com/wellv2/en/overview.

25 2

26

Phase 2: Existing conditions 27

Site

Site

Introduction

This sections covers the Natural Conditions, Geological Conditions and the Climate of Yazd, Iran.

Duetothehotanddrysummersversustheshortandcool Yazd winters thedi-erent in typesofvegetation used for agriculture and landscaping caters to the climate of the city. This also goes with the wildlife and livestock animals found all around Yazd. The City of Yazd is a great geological location for a hotel. There is city access along with routes that bring you to the countryside. There is access to water from the mountains and it is safe from earthquakes. The climate in Yazd is on average dry with a few months of limited precipitation. During those months of precipitation, the humidity peaks but declines once the heat rises and thedrymonthsbegin.Year-round,Yazdexperiencesadegreeofwindthathasprovedtobeabeneficial resource during the months of higher temperatures. We will use Meteoblue for the average climate covering

Natural Conditions

Geological Conditions

Climate

1 28

Natural Conditions Vegetation

Information / Benefits

Wheat Rice Barley Nuts:

-Vegetation can be grown on-site

Fruit:

Pistachio Juniper berries Cotoneaster Ziziphus White 'Anar Yazd' (Persian Sweet Pomegranate)

Plants:

Trees:

Wayfarer tree

Schrenck's tulip Red roses Tulips Halophyte plants Cypress Cedar Ziziphus

-Grow about 30 ft -Use as a shade tree -Small green leaves -Produces bright orange blossoms in the Spring -Pomegranate Harvest -Celebrations in the arrival of Fall Brings community together -Grows in May turns red eventually black fruit -Thrives in alkaline soils -Thrives in semi-dessert conditions -Can grow in soil of salinity -Provides oxygen & cleanses the air -Home for many small birds & other mammals

Design Implication : Vegetationoftreeson-sitecanredirecttheflowof air and create shade to reduce temperature.

Accessible food resources for guests and employees to use.

A way to bring the community together.

Wildlife Termites Cats Birds:

Iranian Ground Jay Desert Lark Hume's weather

-Be cautious for building materials made out of wood -All around the city/ on buildings -A lot of respect for cats in Iran -Everywhere in the city -Sometimes stay at the top of wind towers

Design Implication : Beawareofthedi-erentwildlifearoundthecity Termites ruining wood building materials Birds and cats all over the city and the community gives care to them

29 2

geological Conditions Topography YazdismostlyflatwithmountainsontheWestendthat provide water from melting snow or heavy rainfall Accessible to this water from the mountains is through the ground in Qanats

Design Implication : There are consistent natural

Site

resources that is available near the city.

Soil Mechanics Local Path and Main Streets in Yazd Roads and sidewalks made with pounded soil, lined with brick or cobblestone Soil was a main factor in all things construction. You can mix it with other materials to create brick, stone, arches, walls, etc.

“Generally the soil quality has caused a particular property for urban architecture and development. Among structures dug within the earth are: windmills, water cisterns and Hammams (bathhouses).”

Design Implication : The top layer of the soil is hard and makes digging almost impossible. If you were to

construct a basement you would have to dig by hand, which was done with most of the residential houses that have basements.

site location in yazd, Iran

1 30

Fault Lines Yazd Plain is at low risk for earthquakes Architects still make buildings earthquake proof just in case They do this by making the walls thick and the building is partially underground Two main faults in Yazd are the Dehshir – Baft fault that is south of the city and the Chabdooni fault that is east of the city There are no contemporary faults around Yazd city Major Faults are below

Design Implication : Make sure the hotel is stable and safe for occupants to use as shelter if there is a natural disaster.

Water Resources Water resources are scarce in Yazd Water cisterns are placed all over the historical districts in Yazd City. That used to be the way that water was collected and managed, but now Yazd is Highly dependent on Qanats as a water resource Pipe networks also make water more accessible and easier to manage where the water goes

Design Implication : Need to have a reliable water resource that is easily accessible.

Flood Plains Flood destruction in the past wiped out Yazd in 640 and 860 LAH. Many gardens of Yazd were destroyed.

Waterchannelsbuilttocontrolpotentialfloods,orhighwaterlevels Constructionofbuildingshadfloodcontrolaroundtheoutsideedgesofthestructure Planting many trees and plants helps to absorb any extra water that has no where else to go TherearecurrentlynolongerthreatsoffloodsinYazd

Design Implication : Figureasystemthatwillpreventfloodscompletelyruiningthesite.

Bepreparedforfuturefloodsthatwilloccur.

3 21

Climate Precipitation and Humidity Months with the most precipitation are December through May with March being the month that experiences the most rain.

Dry months being June, July, August, September, and October. August and September being the driest months.

Design Implication : Building preparation for

Site

the wet and dry seasons should occur during the months of June for the dry season and October and November for the wet seasons.

Humidity rises during the month of September and peaks during the month of December. The month with the least amount of humidity is June with July and August coming in close second and third. The humidity tags along with the precipitation during these months.

Comfort Level

Temperature The "mean daily maximum" (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Yazd.

"Mean daily minimum" (solid blue line) shows the average minimum temperature.

Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

The warmest months are in May, June, July, August, and September May also getting the most rain in a year.

Temperature peaks in the month of June with the high being 40°C and starts to descend through the month of July with a temperature just under 40°C. Cooler months are November, December, January, February, and March.

Design Implication :The spaces in the hotel

needs to have areas where it is comfortable for the users to be in despite what the outdoor temperature is throughout the year.

1 32

Air Quality The city of Yazd currently hold the number 1 ranking for the worst air quality in Iran.

The air quality index (AQI) is 229 for Yazd Major cities are seeing instances of smoke, haze and fumes in the air during certain times of the year, caused by massive vehicular and factory emissions, and from other sources like construction sites and the burning of fossil fuels.

Largeamountsofhigh-risebuildingscancausepollutionbuildups,accumulatingandfindingthemselvesun due to lack of winds.

Similar to the mountain ranges, with countries like Nepal also being subject to pollution accumulations due to being in a valley surrounded by many mountains.

Design Implication :AirpurifiersareabeneficialresourceforinteriorsandcanbesetupthroughHVACunit air inside a building healthy for the occupants.

Wind Speed Common year round to have winds that range from 0-12 mph.

Months of January, July, and December seeing winds that are greater than 17 mph.

Months that see the most about of wind of over 24 mph are February, March, April, and sometimes May. Most of the wind come and goes in the North and South of Yazd, with the NNE also having a lot of wind.

Design Implication: The wind has historically

provedtobeabeneficialresourceforcoolingan interior space through the use of a wind tunnel.

Noise Pollution It has been studied and reported that the average noise pollution levels in all areas of Yazd was relatively high.

Refertothechartbelowforthespecificequivalentcontinuous noise levels(Leq) for the designated areas of Yazd.

Design Implication: Buildings accommodate for the

outsidenoisekeepingtheinteriormu-edfromtheoutside world.

33 2

strengths weaknesses

O Air pollution is poor, and higher buildings O Whenthesoilishard,itcanbedi-c andmountainterrainmakeitdi-cult to for dig into the ground to do any the wind to carry the poor air up and construction. out.

O There are faults near the area of Yazd O Although there is a level of precipitation, and it might give our structure an the quantity of it is limited posing issues aftershock. for landscaping, consumption, and O There are limited water resources are personal use. very limited in Yazd and sometimes O Noise pollution can be distracting and people need to go outside of the city. di-culttorelaxaround.

O Termites are very common and can O The wind can be disruptive to the make an negative impact on the landscape, community, and wouldn’t be building materials. asbeneficialasanHVACunit.

O There is not a reliable water source for O Flat landscape provides no variety in the vegetation to stay alive through out levels. the year.

swot Analysis

O Windhistoricallyisabeneficialsystem ortra-c. for cooling an interior space and has O There is no threat to the site due to the potential to be a creative feature to a location of the faults. design.

O The flat landscape makes it easy t O There are more months of precipitation build on top of the site. than months with no statistically no O A lot of water is gathered in the Qanats precipitation. from the melted snow.

O Even in the dry months there is a level O Quality of soil can make your building of humidity keeping moisture in the air. more sturdy.

O Noise pollution means higher OtraBuildings c are earthquake proof in case which can result in a higher level of of natural disasters. business than if a business or building O There is a variety of vegetation that was located with little to no community can be planted on site.

34

opportunities

O The wind can be used creatively as a countrysides. visual or tactile feature and experience for O The city continues to be a attraction for occupants. tourists.

O The precipitation can be collected in a O Soil is a main factor in construction and basin for practical use or as a feature of canbemixedwithdi-erentmaterials designthatisalsobeneficialforcollecting O Making buildings prepared for any natural a saving water naturally. disasters will protect the buildings in the O The temperature could push occupants area from getting destroyed. to use certain amenities such a pool, O Plenty of opportunity for new development covered glass porch to watch the rain, to be built on-site. stroll through a garden and sit in the O Trees can provide shaded areas at outdoor shade or sun. landscapes during the hotter seasons.

O Numerous access to di-erent O Livestock provide food for consumption.

threats

O The noise pollution can steer occupants away from using outdoor amenities or lack of relaxation within their personal space within the building.

O The extensive heat, humidity, poor air quality, and precipitation can turn guests away from using the possible outdoor amenities.

O Wind can disrupt those participating in outdoor activities.

O Humidity can add moisture in the air in dry months but can be uncomfortable and feel sticky when it reaches a certain percentage.

O It is hard to control wild animals being around the site and it will be dangerous for the guests.

O There is no control over the wind and sand getting into the hotel during sandstorms.

O There is not enough reliable water resources to be distributed in the hotel.

O Expensive to transport trees and livestock onto site.

O Di-culty of transportation of l materials through the city to the hotel site.

O 1Lack of e-cient water that is easi accessible all year round.

35

DEMOGRAPHICS

demographics

Introduction Understanding the people of a community is one of the most important elements to design. A new structure or building cannot be placed randomly without taking into account the lives of the people thatwillbelivingnearandusingthatbuilding.Howwillthenewstructurea-ect highpopulationoflaborers?Aretherefamilieswithsmallchildreninthearea? cometoYazdtovisit?Thissectionlooksatthedemographicsofthepeopleliving

crime rates and safety Level of crime Crime increasing in the past 3 years Worries home broken and things stolen Worries being mugged or robbed Worries car stolen Worries things from car stolen Worries attacked Worries insulted Worries being subject to a physical attack Problem people using or dealing drugs Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft Problem violent crimes such as assault, and armed robbery Problem corruption and bribery

Safety in Yazd, Iran Safety walking alone during daylight Safety walking alone during night

Crime Index Safety Index 31.13 %

36

68.87%

INCOME & EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Income Low Average High

Unemployment 2.9- 5.3% 5.3- 7.8% 7.8- 10.2% 10.2- 12.7%

37

DEMOGRAPHICS

household structure

38

Rooms Rooms Rooms Rooms

education levels

High Average Low

39

DEMOGRAPHICS

population, age, and gender

259,941

Age & Gender Statistics in Yazd Buffer Zone

269,732

529,673 Residents Age & Gender Statistics in Yazd Central Zone 2011

Population > 3,000 People 3,000- 6,000 People 6,000- 9,000 People

40

2011

POPULATION Density/ POPULATION GROWTH Reasons for population growth and development: • •

Immigration Adding city boundaries

• •

Cheaper land at the sidelines of the city Absence of natural barriers

Population Density 40-82 People/ Acre 85-100 People/ Acre 130-175 People/ Acre

Population Growth 0-2% 2-4% 4-6%

41

DEMOGRAPHICS

health care Component of Health Care Surveyed SkillandcompetencyofmedicalstaSpeed in completing examination and reports Equipment for modern diagnosis and treatment Accuracyandcompletenessinfillingoutreports FriendlinessandcourtesyofthestaSatisfaction with responsiveness in medical institutions Satisfaction with cost to you Convenience of location for you

Satisfaction %

In all, 10000 residents of Yazd city aged 20–70 years were selected using a two-level clustered random sampling method according to WHO STEP guidelines.

Proximity of medical facilities to our sites (Left) Site Location

Healthcare Index

42

occupations

Education Higher Ed. Community College Administrative Storage Retail Social Services Healthcare Manufacturing Cultural Tourism Residential

Occupational Land Use 43

swot Analysis

STRENGTHS O Rise in population O Constant change in tourists and population allows for guest travelers O Safety index is strong for a tourist area O Decrease in crime rate in the past 3 years O Unemployed at 28 Employment at 333 in 2007 O Safety is 68.87 % while Crime is 31.13% O Most of crime is low O Safety while walking alone day or night is high O Mortgage interest rates are low (21.29% USD)

OPPORTUNITIES

s O

O Ability to grow the Restaurant/ Hotel employment opportunities O People with the minimum school has an opportunity for employment O Decrease of level of crime O Attract more tourists O Ability to give education and increase the educational attendance O Cost of Living is lower than places in America O LiteracylevelisveryhighinboththeCorezoneandBu-erzone.

O Rent per month for Apartments are low ($289-$399 USD based on # of bedrooms)

44

WEAKNESSES

W T

O Uprise in crime in the past 3 years O Lowering size of families with a large amount of 3+ sleeping homes O Coreandbu-erzoneshaveagreatchangeinpopulation/ opportunities throughout them O Health Care satisfaction is mostly Moderate O In crime rates, people worries were moderately insulted O Eating less than two serving of fruits per day men is 52.44% for women 52.3% O Housing price is high compared to salary

THREATS O Occupational charts show minimal restaurant/ hotel employment O Tourist city means lots of other hotel-like businesses already in play O Monthly salary is unable to sustain monthly rent, meaning potentially not a lot of money to use to get away for the weekend at a hotel O Decrease in the amount of men and women as new generations are born.

O The amount of people in high education is drastically smaller than primary school.

O Amount of people in a household has decreased since 2010 day men is 78.5% for women 76.1%

45

urban contExt

urban contExt Introduction Introduction

Ineverycountry,heritageplaysasignificantroleinachievingsustainabledevel avastcountrywithdi-erentclimaticzones,and,inthepast,traditionalbuilde several logical climatic solutions in order to enhance human comfort. In fact, this emphasis has been one of the most important and fundamental features of architecture design in Yazd, Iran.

Design and technological considerations, such as sustainable performance of natural materials, optimum usage of available materials, and the use of wind and solar power, were studied in order toprovidee-ectiveeco-architecturaldesignsforthisregion.

The courtyard and throne of Mavaddat House; source HCY base archive

Left: Sahl-ibn-e-Ali Shrine, Right: Mortaz House; source HCY base archive

Vacant/UNDER-UTILIZED Lots

46

Among factors contributing to this are: introduction of modernity manifestations to Iran including Yazd, emergence and growth of a car culture, laying out of modern streets and widening of thoroughfares as well as allocating vacant spaces to the parking of cars, transferring the method of production from local workshops and houses to factories located outside the residential limits.

Administrative DIVIsION

O As required by modern administrative needs, governmental O Organizations such as the Cultural Heritage Organization of Yazd City are based inside the area.

O Additionallynewfinancialrelationsestablishedintheeconomicalbodyofthec maketheoperationofmodernfinancialinstitutionsand . banksnecessary

Therefore today several similar corporations are active in the above-mentioned core zone.

47

urban context

Map of yazd Yazd Sadooghi International Airport

Town Hall

Key: Major Roads Major Highways/ Freeways Our Factory (Hotel) Sites Major Sites in the City

48

Jameh Mosque of Yazd

Iran

Yazd Province

Saadat Factory

The map on the right represents the city of Yazd, Iran. It shows the major roads and high ways. The blue dropped pins show the locations of the city's airport, town hall, and Friday Mosque. The yellow dropped pins show the location of the two hotel sites we are designing from.

Derakhshan and Herati Factories

49

urban context

Urban growth

Direction of the growth of the city Location of Hotel Factories Over time the city has grown out and south form its original city center. Our hotel sites were built in the 1940s as textile factories. They are on the edge of the action of the city where industrial work has usually taken place. As the city has grown, residential areas have gotten closer to the commercial areas. Our sites are no longer so far from the action.

50

changes in land use

The results of changes in land use are presented in the maps above. The most considerable change is the transformation of barren land is to the built environment. During the period of time shown, barren land has been transformed into urban land use (commercial, residential, transportation, etc.). The second major change is from barren land to agricultural land. This is di-erentfromthecommonpatternoflandsubstitutioninmanycountriesbecauseagr is the main loser when it comes to the advance of urbanization. In Yazd about 4224 hectares of barren land was converted into agricultural land between 1975 and 2009. The third major change hasbeenconversionofagriculturallandtourbanland,a-ecting2470ha.

51

urban context

historic district

52

The historic district of Yazd is shown on the map below. The blue outlines refertothe"bu-erzone"The . "bu-er zone" roughly covers an area referred to as the historic urban area. Building materials used for the historic district include soil as the main construction material in human settlements. As amatteroffactvariousdi-erentsoil mixtures are used for the purpose such as: chineh, mud-brick, kahgel, simgel, etc. because not only is it plentiful and easily available but also because it is an appropriate insulating material with high capacity for storing heat due to its physical properties which provides an optimal space inside buildings.

Historical buildings of Yazd are no exception in this regard as a mixture of soil, water and minerals producing construction materials with a variety ofqualitieshasbeenusedindi-erent parts of them as required.

NEW URBAN TEXTURE The old urban texture (historic district) was designed and constructed based on climatic considerations, the characteristics and shapes of elements, buildings, streets and alleys are closely related to climatic principles, whereas in the new urban fabric, which is not compatible with climatic factors, few sustainable elements or constructions can be found. Some of the building materials used in the new urban texture include engineering bricks and concrete.

Building materials

Tion res quisquiatet, oditasi nctorem earibus dolupta ex enimposti aut et, non nonempos ellique si blam at enis escimaiori cum exeris sed exereicius dolore quist doluptas imusape ditatio repudit atatiis molore volut eum faccus.

Lam cus molut quidi utatem quiatem hic tem qui core in endam, consenectoNulpa voluptibus erum ellestis estrum harchiti qui ommolorrorro temo to temoluptur, aut que eiunt experis earchic abores autemporiae maxime nos prendit, nonsernatur?Nusacomnitmagnitiommodquam fugitios duciis dit a corae aut landemporem et rerat et estia iuria sendunto inis rem qui odistru ptaquis conseque et apelendi doluptiis aut eos

Concrete

Brick and Wood

Wood and Adobe

Steel

Brick and Steel

Other Yazd City Border

53

urban contExt

LAND VALUE

The maps on these pages show the value of land and how even though the city's growth spread southwest, the most valued land now is the dark brown where Iranshahr High School and the Barkhordaar Mosque are located.

54

LAND OWNERsHIP

Modern administrative functions, Tejarat Bank, Shabestan Consulting Engineers Company (Functional change of a house into an administrative one); source: HCY base archive

55

urban contExt

BUILDING AGE: YEar of construction

56

BUILDING HEIGHT

57

urban contExt

BUILDING Density MAP

58

BUILDING conditions

59

urban context

Public transportation

In Yazd, public transportation mostly involves three main modes of transport; taxi, bus, and train. Others are walking, biking, etc. Tra-c is typically fast, not much tra-c with only during tourist seasons around the local landmarks or other main attractions. As for parking, there are certain areas throughout the city reserved for public parking.

Bus Stop

60

Airport

Train Station

Design Implication: Access roads & locations of public transportation.

Transportation areas

Adjacencies

parking zones

districts

Spatial organization of the historical core zone of yazd

61

urban context

Yazd skyline

62

The skyline in Yazd is mostly structurally leveled. Buildings that stand out in the skyline are typically wind towers, minarets, and historical sites like mosques.

Design Implication: Do not design buildings higher than 2 stories to not block the wind and make sure the other elements of the city stand out.

63

swot Analysis

strengths

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

64

O Forms of public transportation such as bus stops and train stations are not in close proximity to the building sites.

O Weather is usually extreme and harsh which has dust fall inside the building O The absence of forest in the nearby earthen, resistant and sustainable city environment, therefore, lack of wood for Promotion of tourism culture in order to building purposes. address the needs of society classes O New construction materials used for buildings located in the new urban fabric of Yazd Urban landscapes are protected and do not create an ideal environment for the preventing visual pollution by making use of residences, they do not consider the local local and indigenous elements climate.

Improvement of the quality of the buildings O Despite the elimination of many socio(sanitary)withinthecoreandbu-erzonesto economichierarchies,accessibilityto have positive impacts on the health condition important and necessary areas are not equal of the locals. between aristocratic and ordinary residents Construction materials used for buildings in O Lack of roads meant for cars meaning that tourists and locals either have to walk, the historic district of Yazd create an ideal di-cultconsideringtheclimateoruse environment compared to the climate. transportation.

Quantitative & Qualitative increasing of O Lack of shade on walkways in the new urban Cultural awareness rising among the local fabric of Yazd, which is inconsiderate of the residents. local climate.

Bazaars create an easy way for main streets O Farmland growth decreased, despite the and great mosques to come together and growth in residential and urban areas, which create an easy way of traveling for residents can have unforeseen consequences to their local community and tourists.

O The urban and residential portion of the city Bazaarscreateaspecificareaforshopping has the largest land cover, meaning Yazd is and are organized into categories, making it congested and can feel disorganized. easy for people to navigate through.

O Thestarkdi-erencebetweentheorgani The city has grown consistently in multiple of the new and old urban fabric. They do not di-erentcategoriesfrom1984to2013 mesh or relate to each other.

O Location of building sites are within close proximity of landmarks/popular tourist attractions.

O Most population constructed mud brick buildings that led to the creation of large O

weaknesses

opportunities

threats

O Creating forms of transportation for O Hotel competitions around the area. guests such as a shuttle/taxi service or O The unconformity of some of the new transportation equipment to rent/check out urban facilities such as electricity, gas, and could boost guest bookings. modern cooling systems (air conditioners) O Good investment for tourism, job rates for a when implemented incorrectly. dynamic economy.

O Thedi-erenturbanfabricsofthecitydonot O Coexistence and interaction with nature and relate to each other in terms of organization various cultures. and design.

O Cultural exchange between the visitors and O Costlylawscreatedi-cultiesforincoming sustainable tourism. site deliveries.

O Urban growth develops empower, informal O Unseeable product quality could settlements, and sustainability discourage guests.

O Recreation of employment and expertise on O The external environment could endanger the verge of extinction theprofitabilityofthecompany.

O Reaching higher positions as one of the O The built environment becomes more of a cultural heritage and tourism hubs of the construction zone which in turn can make nation and the region by quantitative and Yazd decrease in beauty. qualitative improvement O Parking restrictions around site and O Providingaparticipationplanwithinfluential adjacencies. financeandeconomyagenciesinthebazaar O Acceptance from locals. according to the conservation of historic O Increased costs of worldwide travel could architectures. threaten tourism to Yazd.

O Expanding services to guests such as tours, activities, etc. to increase the desire to stay.

O Resolvingthedeficienciesanddefectsin the infrastructural network and improving the infrastructuresthata-ectpublichealth.

65

citEd REsourcEs

p h a s E 2 c i tat i o n s

“Climate and Average Monthly Weather in Yazd, Iran.” World Weather & Climate Information. Accessed September 26, 2021. https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Yazd,Iran.

“ClimaticCharacteristicsandClassificationofIran, Arid Studies Zone1.”link. ofthe spring Hot er.com.AccessedSeptember26,01.https:/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.385.2985&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

“Good Things On the Way.” Blurb Books. Accessed September 29, 2021. https://www.blurb.com/ books/8763637-interlake-an-urban-sustainability-node.

“Importance Of Location In A Hotel Industry Tourism Essay.” Importance of location in a hotel industry tourism essay. Accessed September 29, 2021. https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/tourism/importance-of-location-in-a-hotel-industry-tourism-essay.php.

“Iran - Resources and Power.” 2019. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran/Resources-and-power.

“Iran Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution Information: Airvisual.” Iran Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution information | AirVisual. Accessed September 26, 2021. https://www.iqair.com/us/iran.

“Native Plant Species of Iran.” n.d. WorldAtlas. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/native-plant-species-ofiran.html.

“Native Plants of Iran – Fantastic Iran Travel.” n.d. Accessed September 27, 2021. https://www.fantasticirantravel.com/native-plants-of-iran/.

“Wildlife in Iran | Types of Iranian Animals.” n.d. AZ Animals. https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/ iran/.

Boyd, Kevin. 2017. “The Zoroastrian Sarv or Iran’s Oldest Tree.” Aged Woods, Inc. July 25, 2017. https:// www.agedwoods.com/zoroastrian-sarv-irans-oldest-tree/.

Heritage: A Case Study in Yazd, Iran. Procedia Engineering. 21. 428–438. 10.1016/j.proeng.

Hospitality On. “The Changing Geography of Hotel Development.” Hospitality ON. Hospitality On, June 25, 2018. https://hospitality-on.com/en/developpement-hotelier/changing-geography-hotel-development.

Keshtkaran, Parinaz. (2011). Harmonization Between Climate and Architecture in Vernacular Milotlamicha. “Climate Yazd.” meteoblue, 2006. https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/yazd_iran_111822.

Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. Tehran: Urban Planning and Safar, Marziye. n.d. Review of TheInfluenceofBiologicalFactorsontheHealthofTimberStructureson1thto14thCentury Researchgate.net. Accessed September 26, 2021. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259194568_ The_Influence_of_Biological_Factors_on_the_Health_of_Timber_Structures_on_11th_ AD_in_Yazd.

Tavassoli, Mahmood (1981). Urban planning and architecture in the hot and arid climates of Iran. Tehran: Nashr-e-Payam publications.

66

Tavassoli, Mahmood and Others (1989). Urban Planning in the old fabric of the City of Yazd.

67

68

case studies 69

The Hampton inn case studies

parkEr, AZ

1 70

Key: 1. Ice 2. Meeting/ Conference Space 3. Fitness Center 4. Pantry 5. Grand Room 6. Front Desk 7.EngineersO-ce 8. Pantry Prep.

9. Mechanical Storage 10. Lounge and Lounge Storage Admin.

1.

O-ces

The Hampton Inn is located in Parker, Arizona. The hotel has threeseparatefloors.Thefirstfloor,containsthelobby,front desk,market,publicrestrooms,fitnesscenter,boardroom, thegrandroom,lounge,administrationo-ces,employee work areas, main laundry, employee break room, employee bathrooms, and ADA accessible rooms.

Circulation Diagram

Thesecondandthirdfloorareallguestrooms.Thereare threedi-erenttypesofguestroomsatthishotel:kingsuite, double-double, and an ADA king suite. Each of the guest floorsincludeoneadditionalADAguestroom.Therearea total of 78 guest rooms, of those 14 are ADA. The second andthirdfloorbothincludelaundry/linenstorageanda maintenance closet.

The circulation of the hotel is controlled through the two stairs located on either end and the elevator located in the center of theproperty.Thestairscanbeusedtogettoonefloortothe other, but their main purpose is for emergencies. The elevator is the main and most popular choice for circulation. There are not separate elevators or stairs for employee circulation. They have access to one of the elevators from the laundry room on thefirstfloor.

721

case studies

In-depth floor plans

Back of House: Laundry, Guest Laundry, Employee Break room and Elevator Equipment

The back of house rooms are arranged close together with the employees' break room close to task rooms like the laundry and equipment rooms. A laundry chuteconnectsthefloorsabove for easy access to the laundry room on the main level. Two elevators are accessible to guests but one also has a door forsta-tousethatopensinto the laundry room.

Back of House: Laundry Chute

1 72

Back of House: Administration Offices, Front Desk, and Treat Shop

Pantry (Public) and Pantry Prep (Back of House) Back of House: Engineers Office

Back of House: Mechanical Room

73 2

Proper Hotel

case studies

austin, Tx

74

STAIRS

TRASH

TRANSFORMERS SERVICE ELEV.

MAIN ELECTRICAL

RESTROOMS

PRIVATE DECK

PRIVATE DINING

RESIDENTIAL ENTRY

FIRE CENTER

SECURITY

JANITOR

ELEV.

KITCHEN

SERVICE STATION

BAR

MGMNT OFFICE LUGGAGE

DECK

RESTAURANT

COFFEE SHOP

LOUNGE LOBBY GRAND STAIRS

RECEPTION

BAR

ENTRY

Main floor circulation

Division of Spaces The beautiful layout of the hotel divides the spaces between public, and private areas. It's important for a hotel at this scaletohavespaceforsta-andsupplies which they did a great job by dedicating a wholefloortoit.

Thedesignflowsthroughpublicspaces without interruption and incorporates a wide range of amenities for guests as well as residents.

Legend

Event Space HotelStaOutdoor Area Public Space Guest Rooms Residential

75

case studies 76

inside the hotel Proper Hotel is located in Austin, outdoor pool entertainment area.

Texas o- of 2nd and Nueces The hotel o-ers 170 guest suites street close to popular Lady Bird to the public.

Lake. LEED Gold registered construction, the hotel has a wide Designer Kelly Wearstler wanted range of amenities which include to bring Mediterranean design to two bars, a lounge, restaurant, the project so the hotels interior outdoor deck, private dining & has a variety of beautiful patterns events, fitness center/spa,and and pastel colors.

fourth and fifth level floor plans

First and Second level floor plans

N

On the floors

On the ground floor of the hotel are the main areas of entertainment for hotel guests as well as general public. Each guest is greeted by a 24-7 doorman with optional valet. Upon entry and directly to your right is the reception and Sunken bar with lounge. On the east wing is the coffee shop and residential entrance. From entry and to your left is a signature restaurant/bar with indoor/outdoor seating. The second level is the hotel staff quarters where they keep their personal items and all the equipment needed for the hotel as well as the ballroom and two meeting rooms.

The fourth floor is primarily the fitness center that offers guests a chance to embrace the spa, treatment rooms, steam rooms, or just simply a workout space. The fifth floor surrounds itself with state-of-the-art hotel rooms with great views. The level also includes the rooftop pool and poolside bar with indoor/outdoor seating. The rooftop has cabanas and a sundeck for guests to relax and enjoy the Texas weather.

hotel guest access rooftop pool with bar

77

case studies

NAz City hotel Taksim Sisli, Turkey

6TH FLOOR

Naz City Hotel is located in Sisli, Turkey. This hotel is placed in a developing area of Istanbul, surrounded by single family residences and other developed hotel areas.

Naz City has 13 stories, 5 of which are underground.Builtintoahill,thesefivebasement levels include public and backroom programming suchasemployeeo-ces,breakrooms,changing rooms and house keeping. The public spacesincludesfitness,poolandspacenter, public bathrooms and a large conference/ event center.

One of the most interesting features about this spaceisthefourthbasementfloorparkinggarage.

Anelevatorfromthebackofthefirstfloortakes the car down past 4 other levels and into the garage.

GYM

3RD FLOOR BASEMENT

78

SPA

POOL

Thegroundfloorincludesthe reception desk, lobby seating and bar, and a restaurant for guests and the rest of the public.

Floors one-seven are all guest private rooms, including an executive suite, an ADA room, 3 junior suites, 4 duplex suites, and 70 executive rooms.

The circulation includes 3 main throughway's, 2 stairs on opposite sides of the hotel, and 2 elevators in the center of the building. There are also grand stairs moving down fromthegroundfloortothelarge conference/event space.

Programming and Circulation Diagrams

CAR CIRCULATION CIRCULATION GUEST ROOMS BACK ROOM

NAZ CITY HOTEL TAKSIM PROGRAMMING AND CIRCULATION

79

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES

MECHANICAL ROOM

BacK ROOm

Naz City Hotel has a circulation system that brings the back room all the way to the5thbasementfloorofthebuilding.Th 5thfloorhasnopublicaccessforguests

case studies

Employee transpiration parking, administrative o-ces and one of t many mechanical rooms are found on the 5thbasementfloor.

EMPLOYEE PARKING

Electrical and mechanical rooms, laundry and trash, as well as other backroom systematic programs for employees are found on floors closer to the gues employee cross paths.

4th BASEMENT FLoor Plan and diagram

6th Floor Guest Suite Plan

Guest Rooms

Guest rooms are found on floors 1-7.

Rooms throughout di-erent floor include an executive suite, an ADA room, 3 junior suites, 4 duplex suites, and 70 executive rooms.

Each floor has ample storage for employees for linens as well as restocking supplies for each room.

Employees and guests share the same circulation on the upper guest roomfloors.

80

Public spaces

Public spaces in this hotel are disbursedthroughoutthegroun andthe1st-3rdbasementfloors.

Each floor has di-erent programs.

Thegroundfloorconsistsofthelobb reception center as well as food and beverage programs. The 1st basement floor is strictly a waiting room as w public bathrooms. The 2nd basement floor holds the large conference a entertainment center (top right). The 3rd floor includes the health cen consisting of the gym, pool and spa area (bottom right).

81

case studies

La Quinta Franchise Design

The La Quinta Hotel is part of the Wyndham generalized rectangle which is very common Hotel & Resort franchise with over 900 La Quinta for hotels because of the ability to space plan locations. Each franchise hotel have a distinct guest rooms e-ectively. The buildings' ext design to ensure the guests know they are has dimension and varying heights adding visual arriving at a La Quinta hotel based on design interest and serves as di-erent spati and architecture. La Quinta Hotels have two main the interior space. Dimension is also added by exterior designs, although they are both similar. It the contrasting material elements and the unique is also common for each location of the franchise carport structure. We can also tell that the planned to have small di-erences that are special spaces toare the organized by who occupies which location such as pictures and art pieces. space,i.e.guestsandsta-.Moredetailabou Quinta's spatial planning is on the following page.

As seen on the elevations on the following page and plan below, the building itself is a

82

Spacial Planning

As was previously stated, the interior spaces had been organized in zones based on the primary occupant, such as private management space for sta- and public or private space for guests. Refer to the color chart to therightforspecificzonelocations.

It is necessary to point out the importance of private management space for sta-. Some things to be Public Space considered within the sta- zone are o-ces, mechanical rooms, laundry, linen closets/storage, break room, bathroom, etc. This zone should primarily be directly behind the registration desk. In general, stamust accumulate around the same zone while also ensuring that they do not have to walk around the entire hotel to do their job. The private guest spaces include the guest rooms and meeting rooms. Public spaces being the lobby, breakfast bar, stairs, elevators, pool, etc.

Private Guest Space

Private Management Space

Means of egress elevations

83

de Soleil hotel case studies

South Beach Miami, FL Close to restaurants, boutiques, and entertainment around Miami's famous South Beach, De Soleil Hotel is full of amenities for the perfect Florida vacation.

This 5 story hotel has 51 suites, all include a private balcony and guestsstayingonthe4thfloor have a rooftop terrace. All rooms are ADA wheelchair accessible.

Two entrances lead into the lobby. One of them is accessible through the Front Porch Cafe/bar that is open for the public to dine in, it isn’t clear for new guests to see that there is a second entry to the lobby.

Parking garage and entry to the hotel

Employee-Acess Only CiRculation and Plan Diagram

Behind the reception desk is the employee-only area that can only be accessed walkingthroughtheo-ceth can cause a disturbance if there is an ongoing meeting.

Two restrooms for the employees and a housekeeping room located next to the separate service elevator.

Located in the back end of the hotel is where a ramp that does not interfere with guests leads the employees to enter/exit through the building near the dry/wet trash rooms.

Employees that need to go to and from the mechanical rooms are located in the south end of the main lobby. The employees do not have an easy access to the service elevator, they would need to go around the property to the other employee entrance.

84

Mechanical rooms are located all together at the south end with an employee access-only ramp. A mechanicalroomislocatedoneveryfloorofthe hotel. Three retail spaces which two are used for meetings or events but the overall clearance of the spaces can be improved for a better layout.

There are not enough restrooms for the guests to use in the main lobby. Two elevators and stairwells (located northeast and southwest of the building) are used for guests only.

Theamenities(spa,fitness,andpool)areall locatedoutdoorsonthesecondfloorwithtwo nearby restrooms. All of the rooms circulated thefloorswithasimplecirculationforguests.

Overlooking down from the pool is an opening to thelandscapingbelowonthefirstlevel.

Fifth Level: Rooftop Terraces

Third and Fourth Levels: Suites Second Level: Suites Amenities

First Level: Lobby Restaurants/ Bar Retail/ Event spaces Employee Acess area

85

case studies

springhill suitEs Marriott BELMONT, CA

The SpringHill Suites Hotel is a four-story Marriott located in Belmont, CA near the San Fransisco Bay area. Built in 2017, its contemporary design is focused on providing guests with comfort to be a home-away-from-home. Their amenities and services are geared towards guests staying with them on business, providing a breakfast bu-et, gym, lounge, and conference room located on the main level. The rooms are decorated with warm, inviting colors and cozy details while providing a workspace, "mini-fridge and microwave, walk-in closets, and spalike bathrooms" according to their website.

The building is set up in the shape of an upside-down "L", with the shorter wing facing northeast. Guests enter the central lobby on the ground level in the northwest side of the building where they are greeted with tall ceilings, a reception desk, and view of the lounge and breakfast area.

Circulation through the hotel is central, guiding guests down central hallways either to the north wing or down the longer wing to the south.

86

springhill suites circulation

Organization Twoelevatorsarelocatedo-thelobby totheguests'leftofthefitnesscenter.

For easy access to the outdoor pool, there is an exit o- the elevators. The pool,alongwithafirepitandpatioare located in the crook of the "L" on the building's southeast side. Staircases wEst ElEvation from BELMONT HOTELS, LLC are located on the end of each wing of the building. Circulation remains the same on four levels.

The hotel rooms are located on all four levels, 169 total. Those on the main floor are all king suites. Queen rooms are located on the second and third floors. Accessible rooms are located central to the elevators on the second, third, and fourth floors, south ElEvation from BELMONT HOTELS, LLC with nine rooms total. Four of the accessible rooms have king beds and the rest have queens.

The second through fourth floors are dedicated to guests, with the exception of rooms for linens, electrical and mechanical, and storage on each floor located in the north wing of the hotel.

East ElEvation from BELMONT HOTELS, LLC

Ground floor Back of house plan

hotel plan from developer, BELMONT HOTELS, LLC

87

springhill suitEs case studies

spacial organization

88

Public Access Admin Access Mechanical and Janitorial Storage Employee Spaces Employee Work Areas

The image to the right shows a view of the loungeandbu-etarea behind it as seen from the lobby. The spaces aredi-erentiatedwith changesinflooring,wall hangings, and lighting.

The image below pictures the conference room for guests and administration use.

zoning diagram Back of House Areas Public Areas Accessible Guest Rooms Queen Bed Guest Rooms King Bed Guest Rooms

The diagram to the left shows how the hotel is divided in spaces for the public and hotelsta-The . yellowpublicareasinclude the lobby, elevators and stairs, gym, and restrooms.Thesta-usethesameelevators and stairs as the public and have rooms onthemainfloorsliketheirbreakroom, laundry,o-ces,meetingrooms,electricity and mechanical rooms, and the kitchen.

89

case studiEs

The Hyatt Place

The Hyatt Place is located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The hotel is scheduled to open in the winterof201andisstillunderconstruction.AlthoughHyattHotelsoperatefordi around the world, this hotel is designed for business rather than tourism.

Thehotelconsistsofseventotalfloors,withtheparkinglot The . main onthe floor 1st isfloor onthe 2ndfloor,andtheguestroomsonthe3rdto7thfloorswiththesamestructure.

The Hyatt Hotel here is designed for business people, and the communal facilities inside the hotel mostly consist of meeting rooms or work spaces. It consists of an indoor swimming pool, spa, gym, library, bar, and must-have facilities, like the kitchen and break room.

First Floor Site Plan

1 90

Main Floor and Guest Room Floor Plan Diagram Thefloorplandiagram above shows the public and private areas of the main floorandguestroomfloors.

Public areas are mostly on thesecondfloor.Theonly public area on the guest roomfloorisice/vending machine.

What's interesting about thisbuildingisthatthe flooristheparkinglotand secondflooristhemain floor.Peoplehavetowalk through the parking lot to get tothesecondfloor.Theycan use either the stairs or the elevator. Guests may park their vehicles in the spaces before entering the hotel.

Circulation Diagram

Modeled perspective view

91

TREK Resort case studies

HARRISON, IDAHO

92

TREK RESORT MAIN FLOOR PLAN

Entrance

About the Project TREK Resort was designed by TREK ARCHITECTURE in 2019.

This project was never built however there are renderings of this building aswellasthefloorplansand elevations. It was designed to be built located on the eastern shore of Coeur d’Alene Lake in Harrison, ID in the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains.

Second-Fourth Floors:

Thesefloorsareexactlythesameexceptforasingle AccessibleKingroomthatisonthesecondfloor.Everything elsestaysthesame.Thesefloorseachhave8guestrooms amounting to a total of 24 rooms. These include a King Sute that has a living room, bath and bedroom. The other rooms are the Guest Room Double, the Guest room King and the 1GuestRoomKingAccessible.Asidefromthese,thestarooms include housekeeping, storage and Mechanical/ Electrical rooms.

Main floor Floor plan: Thisfloorplanshowsthe Restaurant, the Dinning areas, the Lobby, Lounge areas, and many ofthesta-areas.Includingbutnot limited to the Laundry room on the mainfloor,freezersandstorage, Kitchen, Mechanical for the main floorandstairwaystoevery . floor 93

case studies

Circulation Diagram: Public Areas are Red. These areas that Guests wouldbeaswellassta-This . includesstairs, elevators, Public bathrooms, and entertainment areas such as the restaurant and meeting room.

Private Areas are Blue. These areas are either theroomsfortheguests,orthesta-areas.Any areas that are not for public use. This includes the guest rooms and bathrooms of course, and others such rooms as Landry, Housekeeping and the Electrical and Mechanical rooms.

TREK RESORT Guest Rooms FLOOR PLAN

94

TREK Resort Renderings These renders showcase TREK Resort as it would have looked like. The front of the building (top left) shows a very green area surrounding the sleek and elegant hotel. The back of the building (bottom left) is right on the water and you can see the pier and boat both leaving and docking there. Right inside through thatbackdooristhelounge,Bar/Co-eeplaceandthe Wine wall (as shown above).

(Above) Orthographic Diagram:

Showstheflooringforthefirst2levelsandthefir floorsfromanorthographicview.Thisviewisfromt SW direction.

(Left) Programmatic Diagram

This diagram shows the process of recreating this buildingfromthefloorplansinSketchUp.Thiswasdon byusingthefloorplanstogetthewalllinesalldra then sing those surfaces to lift the walls to the appropriate heightsspecifiedintheElevations.

95

Fairfield marriott case studies

Gen 4 Marriott Hotel

108 96

TheFairfieldMarriotthotelsareall designed to have the same layouts as other ones across the country. The only di-erenceissomefirstfloorshavea pool that is indoors, while others have a pool that is outdoors. Hotter climates have the outdoor plan while colder locations have the indoor plan.

Thehotelshave18roomsonfirstfloor 27 rooms on second, third, and fourth fl oors.

A single queen bed guest room, complete with a desk for guests who need to work during their stay.

Some of the suites have an eating area and living room setup with a sofa,co-eetable,andtelevision.

Pictured on the left is the lobby reception desk and the Corner Market where guests can purchase convenient items and snacks.

Across from the reception desk is the lounge area where guests can watch television, sit, relax, wait for their car or luggage, and generally gather.

97

Organization

case studies

Main Floor Plan With Public and Back of House Access Zoning

Zoning and circulation

Both the customer and the employees enter and exit through the same door, the front double sliding doors.

The green highlighted areas in the diagram above are where the customers move the most and can have full access to.

The yellow is for employees only. The employees can access the green areas as well, but when a customer is occupying the room, employee access is limited to give the customer privacy.

The cleaning employees can enter the private areas to clean the rooms, but the front desk is not allowed unless permitted for extra assistance.

There are two elevators and the circled one allows employees to access the laundry room.

98

On the diagram on the next page, you can see the employee break room's locationisaflawintheplan.

The employees must walk through the towel and laundry room to get to the break room.

A positive of the plan is that one of the elevators has a door that opens in the laundry room, making towel washing and cleaning rooms easy for employees.

Aflawodtheelevatorsisthatelevato door still opens to customers as well on thefloors.

Ideally, employees would have a separate service elevator.

Guest Access Circulation Diagram

Employee Access Circulation Diagram

Important spaces: O MATV Room: Stands for “Master Antenna Television” it is how reception comes through in buildings that are larger than homes. This is located on the end of the building in the plan above. The hotel gets reception to every TV in the building using a single master antenna.

O FitnessCenter:Thehotelo-ers guestsaccesstoagymwithfloor space for yoga and stretching, treadmills, bikes, and some weight benches.

O Corner Market: Near the lobby reception area is a small store where guests can purchase drinks, snacks and other convenient items.

99

Blossom Dreams Hotel case studiEs

Guilin, China

100

The project is situated at Jima Village in the east of Yangshuo — a famous tourist county surrounded by Karst mountains, winding rivers and beautiful scenery. The name "Jima" in Chinese is very poetic, meaning "steed", which makes the secluded, old and austere village appear to be dreamy to some extent. With tranquil ambiance and beautiful landscape, it's a perfect site for a resort hotel where people can stay away from the hustle and bustle of urban life.

(Left) Guest suites floor plan

101

case studiEs 102

For the overall design of the hotel, the designers combined dynamic rhythm and static proportional relationships perfectly, thereby breaking the whole into parts and producing continuous visuale-ects.

Throughout life, people mostly either stay in rooms or travel outside. They tend to be dispirited if spending too much time indoors, and feel unsettled as touring for a long time. This resort hotel, however, balances both by providing amazing living as well as touring experiences.

The lobby was designed as open as possible, with columns framing the separated semi-open zones. Besides, austere wood and hollowedout screens ensure natural ventilation. The most alluring part of living beside mountains lies in the interaction with nature. Windows frame the changing outdoor sceneries, which depicts diverse dynamic pictures.

In short, the overall design conveys the concept of enriching the spirit and purifying the mind in nature, and provides a fantastic experience of getting close to nature, living an austere life and daydreaming beside mountains.

103

104