Alamodoso Magazine June 2017

The Magazine for Otero & Lincoln County

Connections

Inside this issue ● I love someone with autism part 2 ● The Kenneth Watson Sacrifice ● The Code of the West ● Reflections of Tularosa ● Pioneer Wesley Fields ● Local Advertising ● And more

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Continued from last month’s issue As I sat in the car thinking about everything they had told me, it was like a roller-coaster of emotions

That he would turn his back, both on Leon, and me. My mind spun out of control with thoughts on how my life was about to end.

Did I do something wrong for him to be like this?

But he didn’t. He looked at Leon. He told him he loved him. He told Leon that we were gonna go through this as a family.

I called both my mom and grandma to tell them out this nightmare.They both told me that it was going to be ok. That I was just going to have a very special child.

After talking to them I felt better. I looked at Leon, smiled and thought to myself, no matter what, I will love my son no matter what.

Thereafter, every week, Leon would have speech and occupational therapy. Slowly but surely Leon began to make progress. Leone finally said his first words. It was the best day ever. I was overcomed with joy knowing my autistic child spoke for the first time. Knowing that therapy was really working.

Upon turning three years of age, Leon was On our way to the base to pick up my husband, the thought of telling him was the hardest thing I transitioned into school. would ever do.

I was uneasy. I saw Leon as small and not I was scared that he wouldn’t want to have this ready for the outside world. child; this special child that we both brought into I wasn’t ready for him to go to school, beyond this world. I thought that he would blame me.

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Page 11 my sight, reach and protection.

With Leon starting school, we could see a change in Him. He loved school and having friends. He started to speak more and I couldn’t be anymore happier.

a little hard for me to let her go since she was my first daughter but I knew she would do good.

It was hard for me to make friends or to go on play date as some parents can just be mean and cruel.

Being a parent to two children with autism is a challenge, and at times it can be tough; but at the same time it can be rewarding and there is not a day that I would not want to change or have them to be different. In my eyes they are perfect. Yes there are some days that are hard for them to get though . But they get through it.

They discover that you have a special needs child and they look at your child like they are not good enough to play with their child.

I still get weird looks when Leon or Jessie would do something odd or different from what a “normal” child would do, but I shrug it off.

They are my special angels and I wouldn’t change them. They are normal, each in their own unique way and I will be there with them every step of the way on this journey they are going So what if my child is different from yours. He through. is still a child, no matter what he has.

10 Things Special Needs and Autism Parents Wish You Knew: After three years at Quantico, my husband It would get me angry and upset. I didn’t see anything “wrong” with my son so why can’t they see it.

medically retired from the Marines and we went back home to Texas. and settled into our new home It wasn’t going well for us, so after we had out third child we moved to Alamogordo.

Leon had just turned five. He was doing great.

He was fully talking and had become a wild and bright child that I love.

The one we didn’t expect was our oldest daughter Jessie, would also be diagnosed with autism as well. It was a little hard to take in, but I knew we could do it since we already went through the entire process with Leon. So the therapy started up again in my house and once she turned three she was off to school also. It was

1. People don’t need to feel awkward when they’re around my son. Yeah, they may need to treat him a little differently, but I wish they wouldn’t be weirded out 2. Not all autism is the same.

3. People seem to think that because my son isn’t like the one single other person they know on the spectrum, that he must not be autistic.

4. These kids love. They need love. They are wonderful and bring enormous joy and laughter to those who love them.

5. Knowing one child with autism doesn’t mean anything really – they’re all so

Continued on page 89

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The Sacrifice of Kenneth Watson Story by D.K. Ikard Kenneth Robert Watson was born in White Oaks, New Mexico May 16, 1896. His parents were William Watson, one of the owners of the Old Abe Gold Mine, and Alice Maud Lund Watson, a small-framed Canadian born woman.

Kenneth's middle name was given in honor of his maternal grandfather, Robert E. Lund, a minister and gold miner also living in White Oaks during Kenneth's childhood.

Looking over the family photo collection it is clear to see that life in White Oaks during the gold boom was simple and splendid at the same time; the photos of the Watsons give a glimpse into life during the gold mining era.

in White Oaks, Kenneth and Roy often took picnics with their mother, riding wild burros up into the mountains.

The family pet was a large Saint Bernard dog that accompanied the boys on short trips to the lumber yard with their father. Kenneth and Roy had many friends. Their favorite playmates were their cousins Ethel and Guy Lund, who lived in White Oaks, and their cousins Cecil and Don Bonney, who lived in nearby Roswell.

In June 1917, Kenneth along with his brother Roy and cousins Cecil, Don and Guy were all drafted by the U.S. Military to serve in World War I. All but Kenneth survived the War.

Mr. Watson was a gold miner and an attorney

Kenneth Watson a young boy

Kenneth Watson prior to draft

that worked from a small building in town called the Watson-Lund Law Office. The Watson family lived in a large, nicely furnished home; they were always dressed in proper attire for the time.

Kenneth Robert Watson was 1 of 23 men drafted from Lincoln County, New Mexico to die or be killed serving his country during the First World War.

Kenneth was the younger of the Watson's two children, his older brother was Roy. Growing up

Kenneth was a machinist's mate in the Navy when he suffered life threatening injuries. While

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returning from Brazil and Cuba, he was gravely injured by a boiler explosion while in the line of duty at Newport News, Virginia, while temporarily docked. He died Sunday morning, March 2, 1919, at Saint Luke's Hospital in New York City; he was just 22 years old.

Kenneth was laid to rest in South Park Cemetery in Roswell, New Mexico near his beloved grandparents, Reverend Robert E. Lund and Saphrona Lund, who spent their twilight years living in Roswell after the White Oaks gold mining era.

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The nation’s first Father’s Day was celebrated on June 19, 1910, in the state of Washington. However, it was not until 1972–58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official–that the day honoring fathers became a nationwide holiday in the United States.

The campaign to celebrate the nation’s fathers did not meet with the same enthusiasm–perhaps because, as one florist explained, “fathers haven’t the same sentimental appeal that mothers have.”

On July 5, 1908, a West Virginia church sponsored the nation’s first event explicitly in honor of fathers, a Sunday sermon in memory of the 362 men who had died in the previous December’s explosions at the Fairmont Coal Company mines in Monongah, but it was a one-time commemoration and not an annual holiday.

The next year, a Spokane, Washington, woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, one of six children raised by a widower, tried to establish an official equivalent to Mother’s Day for male parents. She went to local churches, the YMCA, shopkeepers and government officials to drum up support for her

idea, and she was successful: Washington State celebrated the nation’s first statewide Father’s Day on June 19, 1910.

Slowly, the holiday spread. In 1916, President Wilson honored the day by using telegraph signals to unfurl a flag in Spokane when he pressed a button in Washington, D.C. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge urged state governments to observe Father’s Day. Today, the day honoring fathers is celebrated in the United States on the third Sunday of June: Father’s Day 2017 occurs on June 18; the following year, Father’s Day 2018 falls on June 17.

In other countries–especially in Europe and Latin America–fathers are honored on St. Joseph’s Day, a traditional Catholic holiday that falls on March 19.

Many men, however, continued to disdain the day. As one historian writes, they “scoffed at the holiday’s sentimental attempts to domesticate manliness with flowers and gift-giving, paid for by the father himself.”

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Ingredients:

● 1/2 teaspoon minced garlic

● 4 large beefsteak tomatoes

● 1/2 teaspoon minced jalapeño (or to taste)

● Coarse salt and ground pepper

● about 12 ounces hot sausage

● 1 egg

● 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper

● 1/2 cup evaporated milk ● 1/2 cup shredded sharp cheddar cheese, plus more for sprinkling

Toppings: sour cream, diced jalapenos, hot sauce, salsa, chopped green onions, and some fresh cilantro or parsley

Directions: ● 3 slices of bread (2 thick slices and 1 thin; sourdough or Italian would be nice) ● about 3 tablespoons butter, melted for toasting ● 3/4 cup chopped bell peppers and onions (I used a ready-chopped fajita mix from my grocery store)

Note: This is a great make-ahead breakfast!

You can prepare the tomatoes and stuff them the night before (leave off the top croutons so they don’t get soggy), covering with a piece of plastic wrap in the fridge. When you’re ready for breakfast, leave them sitting out while the oven preheats. Top with croutons, bake, and serve.

●

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Page 17 ● Brush both sides of each slice of bread and toast them in a skillet over medium-high heat, flipping once, until they’re golden brown all over. Set them aside to cool and, when cooled, slice the thick slices into 1/2inch cubes. Slice the thin slice into smaller cubes (about 1/4-inch maybe?) — these will be the little “croutons” for the top!

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. ● Line a small baking dish or pie plate with a sheet of parchment paper. You can also use a cast iron skillet (no parchment necessary.

Just spritz with cooking spray.) ● Use a serrated knife to cut the top off of each tomato. Gently remove the innards (seeds and flesh) of each tomato with a spoon without breaking through the outside flesh — you’ll end up leaving a shell that’s about 1/4-inch thick all around. Sprinkle tomatoes with salt and pepper and place them in the baking dish. If they won’t sit upright, you can carefully slice off a sliver of the bottom to create a flat surface. Just don’t cut all the way through. ● In a skillet over medium-high heat, brown the sausage until fully cooked through.

Spoon it out with a slotted spoon onto a paper towel-lined plate to drain. Discard all but a couple of teaspoons of the sausage grease on the stove (or add a little olive oil if there isn’t enough grease). ● Heat the remaining grease over mediumhigh heat. Place peppers, jalapeños, and onions into the skillet and toss to coat them

with the grease. Sauté them for about 3-4 minutes until they’re soft and the onions are beginning to turn translucent. Add the garlic and cook for about 30 seconds, stirring constantly, until it’s fragrant.

Remove this mixture to the paper-towel lined plate with the sausage. After letting the mixture drain for a few minutes, place it in a small bowl and toss it together with the cheddar cheese. ● Place a layer of thick bread cubes into each tomato. Spoon a heaping spoonful of the sausage mixture over top. Continue layering bread and sausage, ending with a layer of sausage at the top. Really pack it down! In a medium bowl, whisk together the egg, evaporated milk, cayenne pepper, and a little more salt and pepper. ● Pour this mixture slowly (so it has a chance to soak in) over each tomato, dividing it evenly, until you can’t fill anymore without them overflowing. Place your tiny “croutons” on top of each tomato’s filling, packing them down.

● Bake the tomatoes for 40 to 45 minutes, or until the casserole is set and the tomatoes are nicely roasted. You might have to tent

with foil after about the first 15 minutes so the little croutons don’t get too dark. ● Top with the remaining cheese and continue baking for 5 minutes or until melted. Serve warm with sour cream, cilantro, and any other fixings you’d like.

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Ingredients ● 2 tsp butter ● 2 slices white bread ● 1 tbsp golden caster sugar ● ½ tsp ground cinnamon ● 2 tbsp crunchy peanut butter ● 1 ripe banana ● , thinly sliced ● 2 tsp clear honey ● a little icing sugar

Directions ● Using 1 tsp soft butter per side, butter one side only of two bread slices. Mix sugar with cinnamon, then sprinkle over the buttered slices of bread. ● Put one of the slices, buttered-side down, in a toasted sandwich maker. Spread the top of this slice with peanut butter, then layer over the banana. Drizzle with honey, and sandwich the second slice of bread on top, buttered-side up. Close and cook, following your sandwich maker instructions, until the toastie is crisp and golden. ● Cut in half, add a slice to each plate, dust with icing sugar and serve with vanilla ice cream.

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Balsamic Steak & Potatoes

INGREDIENTS ● 1 lb. baby potatoes ● 3 tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil, divided ● 3 garlic cloves, minced ● 1 tbsp. freshly chopped rosemary, plus sprigs ● kosher salt ● Freshly ground black pepper ● 1 lb. flank steak ● 1 tbsp. balsamic vinegar

DIRECTIONS ● In a large pot of salted boiling water, boil potatoes until tender, 12 minutes. Drain and halve if large. ● Heat broiler. Transfer potatoes to a large rimmed baking sheet and toss with 2 tablespoons olive oil, garlic, and chopped rosemary. Season with salt and pepper. ● On a plate, rub steak with remaining tablespoon oil and balsamic vinegar and season generously with salt and pepper.

Nestle in the middle of the potatoes and scatter rosemary sprigs on pan.

● Broil until steak is medium, 4 minutes per side. Let rest, then slice and serve.

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● 1 lb. strawberries, finely chopped

Banana Split Lasagna

ADDITIONAL TOPPINGS ● 8 oz. cool whip ● 1/2 c. walnuts, toasted and chopped ● chocolate syrup, for serving ● Rainbow sprinkles, for serving ● Maraschino cherries, for serving

DIRECTIONS ● Grease a 9"-x-13” baking dish.

INGREDIENTS FOR THE CRUST ● 2 c. crushed graham crackers ● 1/2 c. (1 stick) butter, melted ● 2 tbsp. sugar ● kosher salt FOR THE CREAM FILLING ● 12 oz. cream cheese, room temperature ● 1/4 c. sugar ● 8 oz. cool whip FOR THE FRUIT LAYER ● 3 bananas, thinly sliced

● Make crust: In a medium bowl, add graham cracker crumbs, butter, sugar and a pinch of salt. Mix until evenly combined, then press into baking dish.

Refrigerate until set, at least 15 minutes. ● Make cream filling: In a large bowl, beat cream cheese and sugar until fluffy, 5 minutes. Fold in Cool Whip. Spread mixture evenly onto crust. ● To cream layer, add even layers of banana, pineapple and strawberries. Top with Cool Whip and sprinkle with walnuts. Refrigerate at least 4 hours, or up to overnight. ● When ready to serve, garnish with chocolate syrup, sprinkles and maraschino cherries.

● 20 oz. can crushed pineapple, well drained

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Ingredients

● Add ice

● 2 oz Vodka

● Top with ginger beer

● 1/2 oz fresh squeezed lime juice

● Garnish with fresh raspberry

● 2.5 oz Hatch Chile infused raspberry syrup ● 4-5 oz Ginger Beer ● Ice

For the Hatch Chile Raspberry Syrup ● Roast, peel and clean 2 hatch chiles ● Cut into thin strips ● Add strips into the raspberry syrup.

For the Hatch Chile Raspberry Syrup ● 1 batch Rich Raspberry Syrup ● 2 roasted medium heat hatch chile Instructions ● Add Vodka, lime juice, syrup into mug and stir

● Muddle the strips to express the pepper juice ● Seal container and store in a refrigerator overnight. ● Strain and store in the fridge for up to 2 weeks.

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Church camp meetings began many years ago in the days of circuit riding missionaries.

Preachers would ride their horses from ranch to ranch, preaching as they went, camping gear in tow. In those days cowboys and settlers would come from around the area to hear the nondenominational preaching.

The first New Mexico campmeeting was in 1940 at Nogal Mesa. Nogal Mesa was chosen because the spot “made you want to remove your hat.” The views from this mesa at sunset are enough to make you take pause and pray as you enjoy church services overlooking the valley of Carrizozo, New Mexico.

At the first campmeeting, cooking was done over an open fire and eating was done at picnic tables with benches; today those traditions remain the same. However, a few things have changed.

You may still see cowboy hats and boots but most attendees are just regular folk from around the area and beyond.

Nogal Mesa Ranchman’s Campmeeting welcomes everyone! All ages have some activity in which to participate.

Buildings include a tabernacle, cook shack and open sided dining area which retain their primitive feel.

There is plenty of room for tents, RVs, and camp trailers. Facilities include drinking water and Porta-Potties. There are no hookups for RVs. We run off of donations only, so there are no camping fees and no meal payment. No reservations are needed, just show up and enjoy the fun!

To travel to the mesa, travel 15 miles east of Carrizozo, NM or 5 miles west of Capitan, NM on US 380 then turn south at MM80 on Ranchmen Campmeeting Road. Drive for about 3 miles. From Ruidoso, NM take Hwy 48 to Hwy 37 then turn north at MM7 on Ranchmen Campmeeting Road. Drive for about 4 miles.

Watch for signs!!

Please visit us at www.nmrcampmeeting.com.

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The Supernatural Person in the Lake An Apache Legend Long ago, an old woman gave her boy a present that he might become a medicine man. They were camping through the plains with nothing to eat, but roots and wild seeds. They were all hungry. The woman came to her son and said, "My boy, I am hungry. Have not you anything?" Go home, and tomorrow you will have plenty to eat," her boy replied.

The next day her son began to make a corral close by the river. He gathered the men together and told them to drive in the antelope. They drove them in and killed them. After butchering, they carried the meat home with them. The next day he gathered the people again.

They drove antelope into the corral and killed great numbers of them. They brought home the meat with them. The next day he gathered the men again. They drove in antelope and killed very many.

They carried the meat home. The antelope ran in by themselves. If they whistled, they came running in as far as one could see. They killed a great many and carried home much meat which lay in a great pile. That evening, the old woman came to her boy and said, "That is enough, my wrists ache." Then the boy quit. They cut the meat into slices to dry and tanned the hides.

dragged into the water. They looked all around but could not find him.

Two years after, a large band of them went out on the plains to war. They traveled all night and all the next day. When it was evening they built a fire and smoked the pipe. They heard someone talking to them. "You must be my own people," the voice said.

"Yes, we are your own people," they replied. Then he dropped nearby them a big buffalo with its head just turned back and tied. "I started to carry this, but my breath gave out. For that reason, my people make smoke for me. I will smoke with you," he said. Then they filled the pipe for him and smoked with him.

"Where are you going?" he asked.

"Here, after the enemy that we may bring back horses," they replied. "Their camp is very close, but they are not aware of your approach," he said, "you can go to them in the day time. About noon, you will surround the horses. I want you to bring me the horse that is all black without a white spot."

Then he gave them a fore quarter of the buffalo he was carrying and they commenced to eat it. "If at any time you are in need, make a smoke for me. My home is at TcĂŽcnaLeLĂŽe, by Sheep Horn Mountain.

If you want anything at any time, blow smoke The old woman came to her son and asked that towards that place." The next day, in broad daylight, he return her gift. "I have already given it to the supernatural one," he told her. Then she cursed him. they came to the enemy, and about noon, they found He left her and came to his own country. He came to the horses and surrounded them. When they started to drive them away they saw the black one with no a place called "sticks swim around". There are tent poles sticking out of the water there. He lives on the white spots for which the supernatural one had asked. When they drove the horses this one kept bottom of the lake. The people all came after him along with the others. When they came by his home but when they came back to their own country they could not find him. Then they commenced to follow they stopped the horses and the black one ran immediately to the lake. They came back to their his tracks. They saw where the tipi poles had been own country with the remainder of the band.

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WESLEY FIELDS

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CIVIL WAR Soldier and PIONEER FAMILY.

By Joe Ben Sanders 2017 (photo courtesy of Paul Brusuelas, great-grandson of Wesley Wesley Fields was born in 1830, in Indiana and joined Company A, Fifth California Infantry.

He also served with friends John Walters and Andrew Wilson in the famous "California Column".

The California Column was a force of Union volunteers sent to Arizona and New Mexico during the American Civil War. The command marched over 900 miles from California through Arizona and New Mexico Territory to the Rio Grande and as far east as El Paso, Texas, between April and August 1862.

In 1880, he listed on the census schedules two log cabins, one slab shed, 15 fruit trees, 2000 yards of irrigation ditch, and some 45 acres under cultivation. The ranch, farm machinery, livestock and farm production was valued at $5,240.00 in 1880, or over one-half million today.

In 1890, he sold his place to his friend Andrew Wilson, for $6.25 an acre. Evidently Wesley used this money to buy property in Tularosa, at mouth of Nogal Creek.

The three became army buddies after joining the Union Army in San Francisco in 1862.

The trio eventually served at Fort Yuma, then Old Fort Bowie, Arizona, and later at Fort Stanton from September 1863 until after the end of the great rebellion. His army buddies in Company A, 5th California Infantry included Lincoln County frontier legends and pioneers, to wit: Thomas Sutton, George Peppin, David Warner, and Henry "Crook" Brown.

In 1875, Wesley moved to South Fork, (modern Mescalero and Bent) and took up a 160 acres homestead centered where Nogal and Tularosa Creek confluence. Wesley served as Postmaster at South Fork. He lived here in the Bent area until he passed in August 1904.

In 1875, he and his first wife, Dolores Baca, who passed in 1876, had settled in what is called Bent, NM today. By late 1878, Wesley remarried. His second wife was Macaria Garcia and they continued to live work their Bent farm and ranch.

On August 14, 1904, the seventy-four year old Civil War soldier died of what is listed as paralysis (a stroke?). He was buried in a local cemetery.

Wesley's daughter, Catarina Fields, was born in 1871 and later married Augustine Davalos. Augustine died in a run away team wagon wreck in Bent 1906. She jumped and he did not.

Catarina passed in 1960.

Their son, Reney Fields, was born in 1875 and married Mariana Lopez. Their children were Henry, Susannah, Maunuel, and Lola. Mariana and Wesley were the great-grandparents of Paul Brusuelas who later married Carmen.

The Fields family has been an important part of our villages history and this small post honors this pioneer family that helped make Tularosa a beautiful place to grow.

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Get Gunky Stove Burners & Grill Grates Clean Without Any Scrubbing

Though you may scrub every inch of your kitchen, there are plenty of trouble areas that are nearly impossible to get clean: gunked-up tile grout, rust in the sink, and caked-on burners and grates on the stove. As far as burners and grates go, you're in luck, because there's a simple solution to returning even the grossest ones back to their original shine.

The Key Is Ammonia

fumes that actually do the work here—not the liquid.

Zip the plastic bag up, give it a shake, and leave it to soak overnight.

If you want to clean multiple items at the same time, or a grilling grate try using a large garbage bag instead of a ziplock, but just make sure it's completely sealed during the soak.

Ammonia is a colorless gas that when dissolved in water creates a powerful alkaline cleaning solution that is mostly used to clean glass and stainless steel, due to its streak-free shine. But it's also great at removing burned on gunk from stove burners and grill grates that have accumulated over the months—maybe even years.

After the soak is over, wearing protective cleaning cloves, take out the burners or grates and wipe off with a kitchen sponge. If there are still some areas that need cleaned, throw it back in the bag and reuse the ammonia solution with a little more added in.

All you need is a store-bought cleaning solution that features a light percentage of ammonia in its ingredients. Most of these cleaning products will contain between 4 and 10 percent ammonia, which should be more than enough to get stovetop grates and burners clean, as well as your BBQ grill grates. Go for the higher percent if you have a lot of built-up gunk. Anything more than 10 percent will be hard to find, and unsafe to use.

Ammonia works wonders on the dirtiest of stove burners and grates, but keep in mind that it's a strong, tough-working chemical. Keep your newest cleaning solution a safe distance away from your eyes, ensure you use it in a wellventilated area, and wear gloves whenever touching it with your hands. Also, do NOT mix with bleach, as it creates very toxic fumes.

Basically, just place your grates inside a plastic, self-sealing bag, and give your burners a light spritz of your ammonia solution. There's no need to spray until you've hit every area of the burner or grate, and that's because it's the ammonia

Warning: Be Careful with Chemicals

How to Keep Your Burners & Grates Clean Instead of waiting for months and months worth of food and grease to pile on your burners and grates again, try gently scrubbing off the gunk with some aluminum foil. Tinfoil is also a great way to clean the grates of your outdoor grill.

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After a few years, your cinnamon, paprika, and saffron begin to lose their vibrant hues, and the aromas that once filled your kitchen are barely distinguishable when you open their jars. These are telltale signs that your spices need to be replaced sooner rather than later.

But don't toss out those old spices just yet—there are various alternative ways to use them around your house, from pest control to potpourri. ● Brewed Potpourri To give your home a pleasant aroma, pour a teaspoon or two of your favorite spice into a pot of boiling water. Spices that have lost their scent can be revived once they are put into contact with heat; the last of their oils are released and fill your home with a welcoming scent. Add lemon peels to the mix as well for a citrusy touch. ● Nontoxic Fungicide Battling fungi in home gardening is a common ailment that can be easily fixed with a homemade cinnamon and water solution.

Mix a teaspoon of cinnamon with a few cups of water and let it steep overnight on your countertop.

In the morning, strain the mixture through a coffee filter and pour it into a spray bottle. Spray it on your affected plants' stems, leaves, and soil to prevent further growth. This natural fungicide can be applied to both seedlings and older plants. ● Non-Toxic Pest Control

control. Instead, the solution is in your own spice rack, where cinnamon, rosemary, thyme, chili peppers, bay leaves, and black pepper will keep many pests away.

Make sure to sprinkle the spices liberally, since they are not as potent as they used to be. ● Homemade Soap Making your own soap can ensure there are no harsh chemicals as ingredients, and you can add spices for a pleasant, natural scent.

Adding a spice like cinnamon gives your soap a comforting smell and may even work as a stress reliever. However, don't be too liberal with using it in soap: in larger quantities, it may be irritating to your skin. ● Aromatic Cleaners Many spices are known to have deodorizing effects and can be added to homemade cleaning solutions to give them a nice scent.

For a minty fresh sink cleaner, add ¼ cup of dried mint leaves; 1 cup of baking soda, and 1 tablespoon of salt together. Then sprinkle the mixture in your sink and add a few drops of water.

Another homemade cleaner you can make is an herbal window spray with two cups of lemon balm decoction and half a cup of vinegar.

Use a soft cloth or old newspaper with it to effectively clean your windows.

When unwanted visitors invade your home, there is no need to go out and buy toxic chemicals as pest

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Incredibly Useful Advice for First Time RV Owners ● Practice Driving & Parking Before You Leave If you have never driven or parked a large rig before, it’s important for you to become comfortable with them because they are taller, wider and much heavier than you may have thought.

● Test All Systems Before You Leave Home It takes a long time to learn how to prepare your home, pack your RV and make sure that all of its systems are working properly, but these are things all travelers need to do before leaving home

● Respect Your Weight Limits Knowing them and making sure you follow them carefully is extremely important because doing this will protect you against having accidents.

● Pack Carefully You should always carry the least amount possible, and do the best possible job of organizing it.

● Research Campgrounds Ahead of Time

This is especially important if you want to go to the most popular areas and venues because people sometimes book their spots as much as a year in advance.

● Carry Cash As Well As Credit Cards While credit cards will be useful, it’s also a good idea to carry a fair amount of cash with you because some campgrounds will only accept cash.

● Carry Basic Tools and Equipment If some basic tools and pieces of equipment are on board, you’ll be in a better position to deal with problems that may arise, and they surely will.

● Keep Water and Sewer Tanks Fluids Low Liquids are heavy. For this reason, you should make it a point to empty your gray and black water tanks and only keep your fresh water tank ¼ full when you are on the move.

● Pay Attention to Your Fuel Gauge Travel Units burn gas and diesel fuel much less efficiently than cars. In general, they get between 6 and 12 miles per gallon.

● Avoid Wilderness or Dry Camping At First Until you have some experience under your belt, stick to full hookup camping in populated areas. Wilderness dry camping is not for everybody and can present real problems for beginners.

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B

days when the cowman with his herds made a new frontier, there was no law on the range. Lack of written law made it necessary for him to frame some of his own, thus developing a rule of behavior which became known as the "Code of the West."

● Don't inquire into a person's past. Take the measure of a man for what he is today.

These homespun laws, being merely a gentleman’s agreement to certain rules of conduct for survival, were never written into statutes, but were respected everywhere on the range.

● Never order anything weaker than whiskey.

ACK IN THE

Though the cowman might break every law of the territory, state and federal government, he took pride in upholding his own unwritten code.

His failure to abide by it did not bring formal punishment, but the man who broke it became, more or less, a social outcast. His friends ‘hazed him into the cutbacks’ and he was subject to the punishment of the very code he had broken. Though the Code of the West was always unwritten, here is a "loose" list of some of the guidelines:

● Never steal another man's horse. A horse thief pays with his life. ● Look out for your own. ● Remove your guns before sitting at the dining table.

● Don't make a threat without expecting dire consequences. ● Never pass anyone on the trail without saying "Howdy". ● When approaching someone from behind, give a loud greeting before you get within shooting range. ● Don't wave at a man on a horse, as it might spook the horse. A nod is the proper greeting. ● After you pass someone on the trail, don't look back at him. It implies you don't trust him.

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Page 47 ● Riding another man's horse without his permission is nearly as bad as making love to his wife. Never even bother another man's horse.

welcome at the dinner table. The same was true for riders who joined cowboys on the range. ● Give your enemy a fighting chance.

● Always fill your whiskey glass to the brim. ● A cowboy doesn't talk much; he saves his breath for breathing.

● Never wake another man by shaking or touching him, as he might wake suddenly and shoot you.

● No matter how weary and hungry you are after a long day in the saddle, always tend to your horse's needs before your own, and get your horse some feed before you eat.

● Real cowboys are modest. A braggert who is "all gurgle and no guts" is not tolerated.

● Cuss all you want, but only around men, horses and cows.

● Drinking on duty is grounds for instant dismissal and blacklisting.

● Complain about the cooking and you become the cook.

● A cowboy is loyal to his "brand," to his friends, and those he rides with.

● Always drink your whiskey with your gun hand, to show your friendly intentions.

● Never shoot an unarmed or unwarned enemy. This was also known as "the rattlesnake code": always warn before you strike. However, if a man was being stalked, this could be ignored.

● Do not practice ingratitude. ● A cowboy is pleasant even when out of sorts. Complaining is what quitters do, and cowboys hate quitters. ● Always be courageous. Cowards aren't tolerated in any outfit worth its salt. ● A cowboy always helps someone in need, even a stranger or an enemy.

● Be there for a friend when he needs you.

● Never shoot a woman no matter what. ● Honesty is absolute - your word is your bond, a handshake is more binding than a contract. ● Live by the Golden Rule.

● Never try on another man's hat. ● Be hospitable to strangers. Anyone who wanders in, including an enemy, is

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MURPHY, A Civil War Veteran, cattleman, and businessman, would be one of the primary instigators in New Mexico's Lincoln County War. AWRENCE

Born in Wexford, Ireland in 1831 or 1834, Murphy immigrated to the United States sometime before the Civil War. In 1851, he enlisted in the United State Army in Buffalo, New York and re-enlisted in 1856. Upon his discharge in 1861 from Fort McIntosh in Laredo, Texas, he traveled to New Mexico, where he enlisted in the First New Mexico Volunteers at Santa Fe. When he was mustered out again at Fort Stanton, New Mexico in 1866, he partnered in business with veteran named Emil Fritz.

L.G. Murphy & Co was a store and brewery established at Stanton. Immediately profiting from their military contacts, they were awarded government contracts to supply beef, vegetables, and other supplies to Fort Stanton and the local Mescalero-Apache Reservation Agency.

The pair then began a scheme to sell land that didn’t own to aspiring farmers and ranchers.

Selling the land on credit, many were unable meet their payments, resulting in Murphy and Fritz foreclosing on their land, cattle, and/or crops. It was these cattle and crops that fulfilled the contracts with the fort.

The scandalous pair also developed a number of contacts with a group of crooked Santa Fe politicians called the Santa Fe Ring, who protected their illegal interests.

In April, 1869, Murphy hired another veteran named James J. Dolan, who had mustered out of Fort Stanton and worked as a clerk for the L. G. Murphy & Co.

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Page 51 Lincoln County was formed that same year, and Murphy had political ambitions. He soon was commissioned a District Probate Judge in the new county seat at nearby Lincoln, New Mexico.

In an area thriving with cattle, land speculation and mining, the business was immensely profitable, and with its political ties, the "House” monopolized the region’s economy.

In May, 1873, a hot-headed James Dolan attempted to shoot and kill a Fort Stanton Captain named James Randlett. This would be just one of the reasons for the demise of the profitable L. G. Murphy & Co. store at Fort Stanton.

For obvious reasons, Murphy and his allies were disliked by the small farmers in Lincoln County, as they were forced to pay high costs for their goods, while at the same time, accepting low prices for their cattle.

In the meantime, Murphy’s partner, Emil Fritz, was diagnosed with kidney disease, sold his interest to Murphy and returned to his native home in Germany.

In November, 1876, Dolan and Murphy took on an additional partner named John H. Riley.

The next year, things come full circle for Murphy; however, when he was diagnosed with On September, 1873, L. G. Murphy & Co. was bowel cancer in March, 1877. He sold his interest to Dolan and Riley and the business’ name evicted from Fort Stanton, partly due to Dolan's changed to Jas. J. Dolan & Co. confrontation with Captain Randlett, but from accusations of price gauging and scamming the The very next month, a rival store was set up local Mescalero-Apaches of the supplies they

by Alexander McSween and John Tunstall called were supposed to be providing.

H.H. Tunstall & Company near the Dolan Store, Amazingly; however, Murphy did not lose his which soon spawned what became known as the Lincoln County War. government contracts and quickly made plans to establish a new business in Lincoln, New Mexico.

The feud between the two factions for political and economic control of the area would last for Construction soon began on a two-story the next two years, fought sometimes in building for the new L. G. Murphy & Co. Store, courtrooms, but more often through cattle which took on the nickname of "The House.” rustling, gunfights, and murder. When the In April of 1874, former clerk, James Dolan, gunfights and battles were over, nineteen people bought into the business and the store, now called had been killed in the conflict.

"Murphy & Dolan Mercantile and Banking,” Lawrence Murphy, the scoundrel who was officially opened for business. behind the whole affair, would not be present to Murphy was once again able to obtain witness the violence he had spawned. Spending lucrative government contacts, this time with Fort most of his time in Santa Fe getting treatment, he Sumner, and continued his crooked business succumbed to his cancer on October 20, 1878. practices.

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Reflections of Tularosa LOUIS VIGIL, EARLY BUSINESS MAN OF TULAROSA, NM By Joe Ben Sanders, 2017 (photos courtesy of Mr. and Mrs. Donald Powell, Ralph Vigil and Cynthia Prelo-Reidlinger).

D

��� ��� ������ two houses from me is my amigo Ralph Vigil, now in his nineties, and still a big man with a big shadow. He is busy still. This story is about his dad, Louis Vigil.

A publication titled The Leading Facts of New Mexican History Vol III by Ralph Waldo Twitchell, had the following information about this early businessman of Tularosa, New Mexico. I grew up with many of the Vigil family and this story honors the Vigil family and recognizes the many accomplishments and good things this family has done for our village. Louis was the patriarch.

Charles Vigil told me that his grandpa Loius would take him with him in his horse drawn wagon to get grass for the horses. They collected it along the irrigation ditches around Tularosa. Charles is an octogenarian, but remembers the candy is granddaddy gave him oh so many years ago. The family store that Louis is still in the family and the Vigil Store is now called La Tienda and life goes on uninterrupted in my village.

He is the son of Louis and Petra (Armijo) Vigil and his father engage in farming and stock raising.

Louis Vigil, of this review, received his education in the public schools and on beginning his independent career, , secured a position as clerk in a general store. He worked in that capacity until he was thirty years old and in 1897 he was appointed postmaster at Tularosa, to which place he had removed in 1884.

He held that office until 1913 and made an excellent recork, proving accurate and systematic in the discharge of his duties, In that year he resigned in order to give his entire attention to his mercantile interests. He owns a general store and has built up a large patronage as he carries stock of high quality and is satisfied with reasonable prices."

"Mr. Vigil was united in marriage on the 20th of June, 1895, to Miss Eulalia Brusuelas. They have four children: Samuel,, Ralph, Petra, and Louis, Jr.

Mr. Vigil supports the republican party and has served for a few years as superintendent of schools at Tularosa, during which time he instituted a number of improvements in the school system. He is a member of the Spanish-American Alliance and his "Louis Vigil, a prosperous merchant of Tularosa, religious faith is that of the roman catholic church. is a native of New Mexico, his birth having occurred He is deeply interested in the development of the in Limitar, Socorro county, on the 27 of May, 1865. state and cooperates heartily with all movements seeing the promotion of its interests." (end quote).

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The earliest ad I found is from September 6, 1905, and E.B. Vigil advertised dry good, groceries, feed, hay, and corn. In late July 1909, the telephone exchange office was transferred from the Vigil Store to the room west of the Gonzales store, across the street. Louis put in the first arc light in our village in September 1909, in front of his store which also housed the post office. Quite progressive and darn impressive. Do tell.

Improvements continued on the Vigil Building for "Louis was not one to tarry" says grandson Charles. October 1913, Louis had the lot fenced in between his property and the Knight Store just in time for Christmas, "P. A. Stephens put a new front on the store which greatly improved the appearance

of the location" according to the December 20, 1913 Tularosa Valley Tribune.

On June 11, 1914, a fire destroyed the Neumans Jewelry shop, the Briscoe's and Hillburn duplex consisting of a restaurant, meat market, blacksmith and the Hillburn saloon. all the building burned east of the red brick bank east ward along the north side of Granado Street to the Cazares El Paso Store just west of Vigils building. It burned the Cazares building but not Vigils. It was the worst fire Tularosa ever experienced best I can determine.

In response to the changing times and conditions caused by the fire, Mr. Vigil, within four days of the fire, sold his store stock to J. O. Cazares and also rented his building to Mr. Cazares. The two north

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and south partitions will be taken out and an up-todate glass front will be put in. The El Paso store stock will be moved there as soon as the repair work is finished.

In February 1915 Fred Gutierrez bought the meat market business from Doniciano Sanchez and moved it into the Vigil building, and it wasn't a fortnight that thieves broke into the meat market and stole one hundred pounds of flour and round of beef, and some coffee. Mrs. Hasting baked bread at the Central Hotel (now The Valley Lodge), which she sold at the Gutierrez meat market.

Perhaps not liking the meat market business, Fred sold his business back to Sanchez and the meat market continued as before.

No one to sit idly by, and flush with lease money and retired, or perhaps to please the new leaser, Louis turned a window into a door on his store building and added another window and the place was occupied by Dr. J. R. Howell according to the March 26, 1916 edition of the Tularosa Valley

Tribune. Three months later he fixed up his old storage shed just east of this store for a blacksmith shop to be conducted by Bert Jones.

In late August of 1916, the front and west side of his store was pebble-dashed and larger windows were put in. Pebble dash is a type of stucco treatment given vintage houses and dashed on with a brush.

By December 1919, E. B. B. Vigil Store was back in business and a dealer in general merchandise. He let no cattails grow under is tireless feet.

Louis was a business man and he advertised that " County produce bought an sold, Everything 1st Class & up to date. Best goods for the least money" ( TVT Dec. 13, 1919). E. B. likely stands for Eulalia Brusuelas, his wife's name.

Hope you enjoy this story and appreciate the hard work and sacrifices that the old timers like the Vigil family suffered to make a home and future for their children in our beautiful little village.

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Give Dad the Rest he deserves!

What’s The Difference in Mattress Types?

Tempur-Pedic/Memory Foam -

on either side of the bed, so you and your spouse or partner can enjoy different levels of Tempur-Pedic mattresses are actually a firmness. "Sleep Number Bed" is a trademark of brand name, but many people use them to Select Comfort, who makes most of the beds describe any mattress type that uses "memory that fit this description. They tend to be fairly foam," or another type of foam that molds to the pricey. shape of your body while you sleep, and offers even support all over your body. You essentially Firm vs. Plush sink into it, and the mattress applies even Firm and plush, as their names imply, pressure to your body at all points. Tempurindicate the firmness or softness of the mattress Pedic and memory foam mattresses tend to get in question.

You'll see some mattresses warm over the course of the night, so if you described as "extra firm, firm, plush, ultra need a cool sleeping surface under you, they plush," to denote how hard or soft the mattress may not be right for you. actually is. In some cases, to get to the "ultra Sleep Number Beds plush" end of the scale, manufacturers add thick pillowtops and cushions to the tops of a Sleep number beds use inflatable air pressure standard matress to make it feel softer. You can chambers inside of the mattress that you can also find mattress types in between like customize to suit the level of firmness you want "cushion firm" or "pillowtop" or a firm mattress in your sleeping surface. You can, at any time, that has extra padding on the sides and top or a make the mattress firmer or softer, and pillowtop on it that makes the mattress softer depending on the model you get, you can tilt the when you lay in it, but still is firm enough to bed up into a reclining position, or you can get provide support while you sleep. sleep number beds that have different chambers

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Brain Teasers Answers to these puzzles will be Found on page 93 …. No Peeking!

1. A lift is on the ground floor. There are four people in the lift including me. When the lift reaches first, floor, one person gets out and three people get in.The lift goes up to the second floor, 2 people get out 6 people get in.It then goes up to the next floor up, no-one gets out but 12 people get in. Halfway up to the next floor up the lift cable snaps, it crashes to the floor. Everyone else dies in the lift. How did I survive?

2. A man walks into a restaurant and the waiter says, “Good day, Admiral.”Why did the waiter call the man an Admiral?

3. I have no voice, yet I speak to you. I tell of all things in the world that people do.I have leaves, but I am not a tree.I have pages, but I am not a bride.I have a spine, but I am not a man.I have hinges, but I am not a door.I have told you all. I cannot tell you more.. What am I? 4. A man pushes his car to a hotel and tells its owner that he is bankrupt. Why? 5. You are a cyclist in a cross-country race. Just before the crossing finish line, you overtake the person in second place. In what place did you finish?

6. You are in a room that has three switches and a closed door. The switches control three light bulbs on the other side of the door. Once you open the door, you may never touch the switches again. How can you definitively tell which switch is connected to each of the light bulbs?

7. I left my campsite and hiked south for 3 miles.

Then I turned east and hiked for 3 miles. I then turned north and hiked for 3 miles, at which time I came upon a bear inside my tent eating my food! What color was the bear?

8. Crime Scene: A large wooden box was built with one door. The door was locked from the inside, and then nailed shut from the inside. The police break into the room. In the middle of the room there is a dead man hanging from the ceiling, with his shoes 3 feet off the ground.

The only other thing in the room is a hammer lying in a puddle of water. Can you explain what happened?

9. You are in a cookie factory, and need to make a huge batch of chocolate chip cookies. The recipe calls for exactly 4 cups of sugar. Problem is that you have two buckets. One bucket holds 5 cups, the other 3 cups. Using these buckets, how can you measure exactly 4 cups of sugar?

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● Alcatraz

● Guy

● Loving

● Queen

● Chili

● House

● McDonald

● Rosebud

● Chloride

● Lama

● Nutt

● Deep Tunnel

● Lava

● Old Moses

● Gallup

● Lobo

● Pie Town

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● Tingle ● Weed

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G

����� J��� 2017 Horoscope predicts that your interests will shift from career issues to domestic concerns and emotional matters. Planetary aspects for profession are not favorable in June 2017. You can keep the job aspect of life on the back burner for the time being.

The Gemini star sign can use this break to visualize about future career ambitions and the right way to achieve them whenever they get the opportunity

will come up with brilliant ideas and thought.

Your success Gemini depends on how you are able to convert your ideas into deeds in June 2017.

The Gemini monthly zodiac forecasts for 2017 June predict that money flow increases after the 11th and financial health is excellent this month. Problems may arise with your love mate temporarily on financial matters.

More money is spent on personal items.

The Gemini personality is independent to follow its own course in June 2017. There is no need for compromises. In case of obstruction from others, you can overrule them and go ahead with your plans

The Gemini horoscope for 2017 June forecasts that Jupiter’s forward motion will improve prospects for love this month.

Singles will be brimming with the Gemini sex appeal and will get many opportunities to form love partnerships.

June 2017 is one of the bright periods in the year for the Gemini born natives. Your vitality and confidence levels are zooming.

This is a good month for intellectual pursuits, and the twins involved with studies, creative writing, journalism and teaching will prosper.

Your imagination will be excellent and you

Commitment in relationships should be done after serious thought. There will be further progress in the current alliances. Problems with your spouse are likely in spite of the peaceful exterior in the relationship. Gemini love relations will be under trial with regards to pregnancy in the month of June 2017.

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The Automobile Car Cooler evaporate giving a cooling effect. The cool air would blow through a vent at a right angle on the main unit into the passenger compartment There were several manufacturers of car coolers, examples being Thermador, Classic Aire, Sears Roebuck (Allstate brand) and Star Mfg. The car cooler came in different models from "ram-air" to "fan-powered" types.

By Doug Coldwell Popular in the southwestern United States states of California, Arizona, West Texas, New Mexico and Nevada, Car Coolers were popular from the 1930s through to the 1960s.

The "ram-air" type mounted on the passenger side window. It would only work when the car was in forward motion as the air was forced into the tube.

It had a water reservoir that held about a gallon of water, which would provide "air conditioned" cooling for about 100 to 150 miles . The "fan-powered" model was designed to work when the car was not in motion or

One model used balsa-wood shavings in a pad within the unit. The water from the container soaked the shavings and when air was when moving at low speeds. forced through the unit the water would

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“Yipee … It’s Friday!

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Page 89 Continued from page 11

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

different. Please don’t tell me my son doesn’t have it because he looks so different from the other kid you know on the spectrum.

Kids with special needs are smart.

Talented. Creative, and thoughtful. It may not be obvious all the time – their minds work differently.

If my daughter is making strange noises, feel free to look. She’s just making them because she’s excited. Please don’t stand there and gape at us with your mouth hanging open.

If you see my son in a grocery store, he may be head nuzzling, chewing on the corner of his shirt, or spinning. He’s anxious. I will not scold him, so please do not look at me as if I should. He can’t help how his body receives stimuli. He is trying to cope with the way his body is affected by his surroundings.

From onlookers who think I am not addressing my child’s odd behaviors: I ask for a little empathy. Don’t judge. Try to understand that his environment strongly affects him.

Please accept our kids the way that you assume we will accept yours.

I think I’m speaking for all of us when I say that what we really want you to know, what we’re screaming out loud, is that we, as mothers, are both terrified and brave.

Just like you.

That while our children may act differently from what you’re familiar with, they are our normals.

That they’re full of emotion, fierce love, tender hearts, and hope.

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O

��������� ����� �� "Ice Cave" in the late 1800s and early 1900s, Fox Cave Cave was formed over thousands of years of erosion of the rock by the Ruidoso River -- first, slowly eroding the sides of the mountain and then eventually flowing right through the middle of it creating a water-fall approximately 100 feet tall.

waterand plenty of game made it a perfect site.

Billy the Kid, another icon of the American West, along with his cohorts, was also reputed to have hidden often from his many pursuers within the cool confines of Fox Cave in the late 1800s.

Eventually, the river shrank in size to only ten feet wide and located a mere fifty feet from the cave’s edge. In the early 1900s, rocks filled in the 100 foot drop. It was not until the early 1940s that cement was poured to fill that area.

For hundreds of years, native tribes that populated the region sought shelter in the cave. Long before Anglo settlers came to New Mexico, the mountains, plains and deserts in this part of the Southwest belonged to the Mescalero Apache people.

Thick layers of soot on the cave’s ceiling are an indication of the many fires that warmed the cave over the years.

The oral history of these tribes reveal that the Apache warrior chief, Geronimo, and his followers camped often at Fox Cave. Great shelter, an abundance of

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Colonel Emil Fritz and the beginning of the Lincoln County War Colonel Emil Fritz was born in Stuttgart, Germany in 1832. He joined the Gold Rush to California and, when the Civil War began in the East, Fritz became captain of Company B of the 1st California Volunteer Calvary when the California Column was being formed to defend the Territories of New Mexico and Arizona against Confederate invasion. Fritz and the men of Company B arrived too late to defend the territory against Rebel invaders, so they were sent to Fort Sumner to help control the Navajo Indians who had taken the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo Emil Fritz’s Company B troopers and participated in the campaign that Kit Carson organized against the Indians, the Kiowas and Comanches, and he was breveted for heroism fighting against Quanah Parker’s Comanches at the Battle of Adobe Walls.

After that the company was sent to Fort Stanton and eventually Fritz, as colonel, became the commanding officer at Fort Stanton.

brewery on Fort Stanton but, thanks mostly to Murphy, they were ejected from the fort and subsequently opened in a two story building in the town of Lincoln. It was the only building with a pitched roof and so the locals called it the “House.”

At the same time, Emil established the Fritz Ranch just a few miles below Lincoln.

Times were good for him and he made a little money. Well, okay, Fritz made a fortune.

But Emil hadn’t been home to the family house in Germany since he left for California looking for gold.

So, Emil Fritz went back to Germany to visit the family home in Stuttgart. He had taken out a life insurance policy with the American Insurance Company for ten thousand dollars before he sailed for Europe.

There, in Stuttgart, Emil Fritz died of tuberculosis and kidney disease in 1874.

Colonel Fritz was mustered out of the army in 1866 and he became a business partner with Lawrence Murphy. The firm was L. G. Murphy and Company and they started as post traders at Fort Stanton.

Fritz had previously been represented legally by Alexander McSween, who wanted the Fritz family to get Emil’s estate but Lawrence Murphy wanted to get his hands on that insurance money, too.

The settlement of the Emil Fritz estate in New Mexico marked the start of the troubles that, when exacerbated by the murder of John Tunstall, became the Lincoln County War.

Murphy and Company opened a store and a

Courtesy of Jackshuster.blogspot.com

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Page 93 1. I got out on the second floor!

2. Because he was wearing his uniform!

3. A book 4. He is playing Monopoly 5. Second Place. If you pass the person in second, you take second place, and they become third.

6. Turn on the first two switches. Leave them on for 5 minutes. Once 5 minutes has passed, turn off the second switch, leaving one switch on. Now go through the door. The light that is still on is connected to the first switch. Whichever of the other two is warm to the touch is connected to the second switch. The bulb that is cold is connected to the switch that was never turned on!

7. White. The only place you can hike 3 miles south, then east for 3 miles, then north for 3 miles and end up back at your starting point is the North Pole. There are only polar bears in the North Pole, and they are white!

8. He committed suicide by hanging himself when the ice melted.

9. This is possible, and there are two ways to do it: 10. Solution 1: Fill the 3-cup bucket and pour it into the 5-cup bucket. Fill the 3-cup bucket again, and pour it into the 5-cup bucket until the 5-cup bucket is full. That will leave exactly 1 cup of

sugar in the 3-cup bucket. Dump out the 5-cup bucket, and dump the 1 cup from the 3-cup bucket into the empty 5-cup bucket. This leaves 1 cup in the 5-cup bucket. Now fill the 3-cup bucket again and add it to the 5-cup bucket.

Now you have exactly 4 cups of sugar in the 5-cup bucket!Solution 2: Fill the 5-cup bucket. Pour it into the 3-cup bucket. This leaves 2 cups in the 5-cup bucket. Dump out the 3-cup bucket.

Now pour the 2 cups from the 5 cup into the 3 cup. Refill the 5 cup. Now pour the 5 cup into the 3 cup until the 3 cup is full. That will leave exactly 4 cups in the 5-cup bucket!

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