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The Alaooma L~Iwyt'r

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The Alabama

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Immigration Law: What You 00 Not Know Can Hurt You- and Your Cl ient- by Karon O. Bowdre .. 234

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Pe»lmasle r: Send address changes 10 The Alabama La wye r, 1>.0. Box 4156. Monlgomer(. AL 3610 1.

The Alabama la\\f)"cr

pft'Sidcnt'S Page b l!Cu T've Dlrccto-r'§ Report

About Mernbe~, Among Bar Hoefs

Firm ~

New iKlm'lIees Ct[ OPl)Otlunit,es Bulldlnll A labJmJ'~ COu uhouses MClE News Riding the Circuils II: ~nl Dt'('i~ions

204

20S 2 to 2t 3 218 242 246

Litigation after Bankruptcy or Relief is On ly a Court (or Two) Away- by Romaine S. Scott, III ... ... 248 The au toma tic st"y of litigation upon the fil· ing of a bankruptcy petition docs not lolal· Iy fort.'Close action s In behalf o( and against Ihe bankrUI)t .

LeKlsl~tI~e Wr,II><Up Opinions of th(' General Coun5('1 Task Forces it(-'potl Commitll~'i And Task FOIc~ 1989 Annu,ll MeeTing Highligh TS Consultant's Corner Dhcipllndly RepolT

247

M('mori a l~

254

Youn8 l.lwyers· 5«tioo CI.mlfit'd Notk~

25S

260 261 253 265 2'12 276 278 280 282 283

203

President's Page Address of Alva C. Caine ullQn installation as president of the

aglnary line on Ihe wall. He looked up OI l Ihe ceiling. and made a mathematical Alabama State Bar calculation with his fi ngers. Then he $o:l io, "Ah, so much 10 be done, and so linle Jul y 22 , 1989 time In which to dO it " Certainly we hil\lC much [0 do. It has <'Iving II) follow such lie· beerl said that a journey of a thousand complishcd speaker as our great miles begills with the lIext step. We are Chief Justice SUnny Hornsby assembled here today to take part in yet makes me wish I were an orator like him. ,mother step in the long ;lnd historic jour. l.<Iekingthat t" lent, I'd like 10 lalk with )(lu ney of the Alalx1ma State Bar. Oti~r \M)n. tooay almrul infomlally about thrcc arcas dell HOlmes Once noted thai, ''The 8rei.ll of concem-three areas on which ! intend thing In this world is nO! so much where 10 focus my energy in the next year as we are, but In what direction we arc gopresident oi your bar.

Ing." As we t.,ke this next Uep together, As I sludic<l what I would S<IY to ~u we have the benefit of the many lessons In my firs t brief rem<lfh to the Dar, I wa~ from our vin tage l"lSt, ~ face the fu ture reminded of illY barhood days on a Dalwith 110 years of experience- few orga· las County fMm. An old (arnler had a cow ni;tations of any type in this counlry can that \YC wan ted to buy, \!\Ie went over to say [hat This wea hh of expericnct: is not visi t him and asked about the CCHI'S CAINE only a cause for Al abama l(!Wyers to be pedigree. The old farmer didn't know t)roud, it Is /lIsa /I CilUse fQr confidence what a pedign.'C meantl \!\Ie asked him aooutthe cow's but· in our fu ture. I have every confidence that our journey wil l ler fat production. I'I ~ II)ld us Ih(ll he hildn'l <lny idea what be a success and our adventure fulfilling.

1\ was, Finally, we asked him if he kn/;....... how many gallons I come 10 this position (rom a background somewhat dif· of mHk Ihe cow produced arlrlually. The farmer JUSt shook ferent (rom that of many of my prcdecessor5 in office. I h<l\lC his head and said, "I don't know. But I'll tell you IhiS-this dl<;(~red mlrch 10 my delight Ihat this really makes no here is an honest old Ct.:1W and she'll give you all the milk difference. I l>r<'lc.1ice in a firm which primilrily represen ts she has:' l<!dies and genl lemell, I C;)I\" promise )1)u ex· the plaintiff. It is a firm thai was foundc.>d by Francis Hare, cellence or even success. I can just I)romlse to give you your bar president In 1950. Mr. H<lre, like nlarty of the gmal [ h~ beSt thill'S in mI:. lawyers of his day, had strong feelings about the sacred imOur Slille bar was organized In 1879- 110 years ago. I portance of being a lawyer, I arll deeply prolXl of my heri· kllew 'o'VC 'o'VCrc olle of the oldes1. I did not realize it W.1S tage and of my I",rtners who carry on the tradition of our Ihls long. In this vaSI Spall of l ime, [he org,1l1izl'<J h.lr ha~ firm. I (1m also grilleful for the instruction of Mr. Hare, my accomplished much. Nevertheless, we al'(! slllI on the side gt!!al mentor. The memory of his model guides my life of the hill. 11'1 order to see the horizon, 'o'VC muSt Continue today.

10 climb unl il \YC reach the tOl1 Thcrr~ are tlm.>e .!leas of my concern for Qur bar Ih(lt I Winston Chlilchi ll, whose fondness for drink W.1S well. want to talk about with you today. They are: known, was scheduled to make il speech before a small First; maklilg a renewed commitment 10 the ideals and g.lthcring. In a mOment of k'Vity the chairman introduced objecllves of the American legal syStem; him by saying, "If alllhc spl rilScon ~umc.>d by Sir Winston Second: legal educ<llion; <lnd, were I)(lUred into Ihis room, 11 would reach up [0 here on Third: a continued rt!turn to professionalism. the wall:' He drew a line with his f1l1ger about kwl with his C'yeS. Churchill got up 10 speak. He glallced at l h~ 1m· (Continued en {)JIBe 206)

H

204

,m

Seplembt'r J 989

Executive Director's

lease reflect with me for a moment on our state bilf con ventions. Our 1989 Huntsville meet· Ing was tlw 20th such meeting in which

P

I have bc<lIlI11()re IbM a liu le involved .

like most conventions, I have my ',1\IorlIe aS I>ects of each

ml.~'ing.

I am never

personally SJIIs(lcd wilh a convenlion 1)13n unlil it evolVe> Into 0f'IC I wanl very much 10 attend myself,

ur president is the chief architect of our Slale

I).lf

meetings. The con venUon

is !he crowning cvell\ of the incumben!

administra tion. Conven tion pi<mning begins with the tlSSun'1ption of office by each ,lew prcsiclm1! and dev('lol)S through the fi rs! six momh! in office.

Through Ihc years, tbe substan tive content /lnd Ihe social activities reflcct

Ihc taste and Interests of our leadership

and the "host comnittee" in ,he convention city.

In A labama, we have been (ortunale in Ih<llihe rou line COSI (or food and lodg· Ing, as well as nl(!Cling Sp.1ce ilself, Is slllI rather low coml>ared 10 many cli les. It is nO! unusual to see other Slate bars charging $ 1SO-plus for registr,llion alone, while IndlviclUOlI Cllcnts iHC licketed at $30 each for luncheons and $75 each for dinners, Thi s yelr our regi stril tion fcc was rJ lscd from $55 to $80 for advance regi stran ts, and ro ellent cos t over $27.50. One could have paid the registriltion fee of $60, ,lIIended no social furlClions and still have obtained most of thei r M CLE houriy requirement for the year, A disturb ing tfCr'ld has b(!Cri noted in

The Alabama Law~cr

recent years. While totJI registr,ltions arc remaining constant for the mOSI !>Jrt In each of Our Ihrl'!? conventi on Silt'S, [Jirm' InghJm, M obile and I lurltsvillll, rmrtic!. pJtlon In social activities Is con tinuing to decUne, In recenl years morc rcgistrants are comins without spouses and sta yi ng (or usually one night, Very (ew people brought children to our convention s In P.l~t years. " Bre.1d....nd-buttet" CLE programs and to p-notch section programm ing have been the domlnar\! programming forum In the last (ille or six years. Attendance, gener.llly, h,lS been e~cellent at these sessions, Because of a modes t ,1mOUnI of si multaneous meeting ~ce, we iHe vIr· M Illy limit~1 tQ the three previously nOted locations because of Ihc con· centralion of such Sp.iCI! near qUollity ac· commodatlons. t realize that nnding new lind different things to do In these cities year after year is a challenge since many of you go to these ci ti es al other·than· convention time.

We tire unilble to illwilYs line up sev· er,l l (ace-card speakers, though thro ugh the yeMs we have had our sh:Jre. O ur July meeting date Is making this task more difficult, tn the very rt'cent POl S!, our plenary S5sions h,lIIe lost their joi nl' spousal appeal as they have been cut In· to with more ClE program lime, We halle not trit.>d to conduct SOlf or tenn is tournamcrIIS In conjunction with our mcctlngs, again, becau se of time constr,lints, I am aware, with the IncreJsc In femille lawyers, Ihill a subst(l!lti;ll

Report

H A M NE R

n umber of male noo·lilwyer spouses have been " overlooked " by local com· rl\ln~ plaM lng spou§al ac:ti\·itit.'S. These events need to be less Siercotyp<!d and more universal in apl>eal.

Our meetings arc scheduled fo r Mobile In 1990, Ora!1ge Beach (Perdido Be,lch H ilton) in t 991 and Birmingham In 1992. The Perdido Ueilch ml'eting is stili tentative, contingent upon the addit;on of more Ilubllc mcctlng space.

Montgomery offer s much In the way of new Ihing5 to do, bUI is at a scllerc d isadvantage in thilt it lacks <In adequate concentration of first-class convenlion hotcl rooms nCilr Its civic Cl!ntcr.

Of\cnllmcs I am II§kt.>d, " Why ciln't we 80 OUI of staler" We did In 1972-73 and

'05

President's Page (continued from page 204)

Report I. A renewed commitment to the were s ubj~tcd \0 threat s by cerlain per~o n s In the legislative leadel"5hip ill Ihill

time. The state bar is a stale agency, arid we wcre not viewed favorably for taking "our money" across state nnes. ScverJI of our neignboring Slates have recently been holding their mcctings in other

jurisdictions, I think il is appmpri.uc 10 notc thal1he

AI .. bama Stale Bar slill has one of the highest ~rt:cn'agI!S of ils lowl member-

ship In attendanCe! at lISmeetings of any other state b;lI. As planning Is undcrvv.ly (or the 1990 meeting. I solicit your slIggcstions of new thin gs to do ill our meetings <1S well as

formal change51hal would appeal 10 you.

Would YOll like 10 see our ilnnual ml;!(!ting held at a diffcrent lime of the ycar~ Should we extend the meetings through Saturdlly ~nir\8?

Attendance drops ilt our social aClivities Jnd meJI fun ctions continue to concern me. If you do not ilUend them, or the C(lnVf;1ntion itself, t would like to know why-and better still_hat we can do to mtlke such conven tlor) activities more attractlVf:.

The ~ tilff and t t1IWt1ys appreci ate the kind remarks arid compllnlents Wi! receive during and Immediately after a meeting; hoYieVer, we stili see some downward trend s which make us know something is nol just right. It is (IISQ interesting that an activity that is a real winncr in one place may be less than sucCessful when repeated in another COnvention locale.

For me, the convent ion is my favori te b:.r activity. I h.l\l(l mi$sed only the 1966 and 1967 meetings (when I was on actiVf;1 duty) since beltlg admlUed 10 Ihe bar. I stili have to go some to equal Jamt'$ Bradford of the Birmingham Bar who at· t~nded hi s J6th mooting re<:cntly in 1"luntsvilie. t v.ould welcome hi s "con.

• 'A"mional wiSdOm'!....and yours.

lega l procc~s Looking out CHer this distinguished audience, I sec lawyers from literally every neld of I>ractice. Some stilfled nl(lny yeil!"; ago and others arc just out of school.

However, we all had the same starting l)Oint, that day whcn we rai sed our halld and took the 0.1th to become a l<lwycr.

Time does 110t dimillish the wength ,lnd effect of Ihls oatl,. It still directs our course todayl E<lch of us wa s 11 ( ommlssloned offi( er of th e court- this involves a So.l Cred and SQlemn responsibility whi ch we.:lll strive to upllo ld. We promised to S ~!pport th+) Constitutioll and the laws o( thc land. It .llso included something else whl(h w{> IIlust rIot (orgct and th<lt is to support the leg<ll process of our unique judicial system.

I beUcve that it is l)(!fh<ll>S more important tOO<1Y Ihan <1\ any other tim+) for us to renew our individual commitmen t to support th e legal pr()(:I!SS. laylMll and I~wyers alike share a common underst<lnding of the law, tha t the very exi stence of our free society Is dependent upon the operation of a leg.11 system th<lt embraces the objectives of foir pli.JY, due process and submnti<ll Justice for all.

I recall an experience vi siting 0 fiJmou s kennel in SQuth Alab.lma m.my years ago with my young son for the purpoSe of buying a n(ow pUIl~. The! a.vner of the kennel was a fine o'd gentleman. He was hilppv to S(o(! uS and graciously leI the young dogs out so ti'lal \oVC mIght examine them and make our selection . While I WJS t<llking with tile owner, we heard a sudden yelp from one of the puppies.

Turning around I observed my son pulling on the puppy's ear. I immediately admonislll'd him not to hurt the lillie animdL The old gentlemarl quietly Inter· vened tellillg me not to worry, tha t lillie bOyS and little l)up\)les ullderstood one another and that the only way Ihe puppy could truly be hurl 'M)uld be to ignore him .

We face a numl)Cr of threats tod ay whi ch

206

w{>

cannOt IS110re:

Between JO and 40 percent of our WOrkforce is fun( tiontlll}' illiterate, which means they do Ilot fU llclion at an eighth.

8r.1de leveL AI<lbamJ has thc second highest dropout rate in the nllti on which meilns IlIi,W Iy 40 percent of the student s who cnter school thi s fall will nOt finish hiSh school.

Drug-r'Cl ated crimes have Increa soo In the last dec<lde by 40 percent.

Alabama ludges arc th e 100000sI paid In the south and some of the 100000st In Ihe Ilatlon.

The populmion of our bar has tripled In the la5t 20 ~J rs with current member. ship just llndef 9,000 lawyers.

Partisan election of judges to our highest courts has required a war chest of nearly $1,000,000.

Our state has been SUM because black ci tizens are not equally represented in Qur ju{liciary.

For the fi rs t time In 200 yeJrs in our state, only orle of lhe top five elcct(.>d official s hI the e~ecut illC br<lnch of government has form al legal traini ng. This list of concerns could go on and on.

There Is 110 q~Jestion that a lawyer has a professional re5jlOnsibility to vigorously represent the client. Hovvcvcr, we htlY(! an cClually Important duty to the legal system, that Is to Insure lhatlhe le8<ll syr tel'll v.Qrks and works for Ihe greater good of society as <I whole. Josl)(!h F. Newton once wrote, '1\ duty dodged is like a debt unpaid: it is only deferred, and 'AI<! must come b.lck and sellie the a(Count at la st.~ On the oc(asiOn of his lnauguratioll as presiden t of this slate bar, Ed Thorn ton of Mobile COI\iI\1cnll>d that, "EY(!ry lawyer holds in trust the legal rights of the public:' Thill is a comme,ln bond, a common dUlY, t'M) common debts shared by everyone in thi s room.

Public truSt in the leg,)1 prOCeSSIs not simply a desired objective- It Is all absolute must. Our Ilatiorl made the decl· slon to settle its disputes l>caccful1y in the courthouse- not violently in the streets.

The people of thi s country accepted the decision on f'l ith, on faith Ihat lhe legal process 'M)uld constitutl) an ilccepwblc substi tute for private vengeance, on faith that the ru(c of law would reflcet equal respect for the Illlerest of every ci tizen, 5cpwmber 1989

on faith that our s~tem of law would be administered fairl}' and Imp.artially. It is our hiHhest duty a. a profession to prOteel and preseMl' the public's f,llth in our legal system.

We are assembloo her(J today on the 1.'YI.l of the bicentennial ctlebratlon of the

Am('rican Sill of Rights. We inhmitlod a grea! legacy of frredom which cannot and should not be allowed to erode. Recent cYCntS in China hallC caused uS to p..1use for a moment to refl ect on how fragile and easi ly lost freedom C;1n be. It has been said that only when the metal is hot can It be moldOO .1 believe Ihat the cries for freedom coming from Chin3today give us a new opportunity in America to rekindle our own love of liberty. ~ can be proud that the lawyers of Alabllnm have f3lthfully set'Vl.>d their watch and have proven to be good ilnd f"i!hful serval1lS of this great heritage. It is often referred to as one of the OrICS! moments in the hi.tory of our stale bar when under the le<KleMip of Presidenl Hill Scru ggs. Ihe boord of bar commissioners unanimously passed a resolu tion to make COmment 11) the ~t;J!e legislature concerning thl! proposed tort rdorm legislation-om.! of Ihe most talkl'(i about Issues our state has witnessed In rLo((!nt years. Your commissioners couragrousIy came 10 the defense of the legal process and milde available 10 the legislature for its consideration the real impact of certilin tort reform legislation on the sySlem of Justice. The fou ndation of this decision wilS grounded on th e I>rinciplc that the public has a right to knCMt how their legal rights will be Jffecled by legislation. The gr'Cat siSler profession) of I<IW and medicine cannot stand Idly by rcfusing lo settle their differences. Both must work togel her and leek 5OIutions for the betterm ent of society as a whole.

The people of this S!.ItC h,11lC a dghtto eKpeC"t this type of attitude from all its professions. It was cerlaln ty one of thc finest hours of the Alabama State Sar when Its o(ficers stepped forward With t;arefully researched impMlal comments gCilmd toward making the legill process work for everyone. This was accomplished becau~ IflWYCrs responded to their commitment to come together as professionals leaving their COoltS of selfinterest in the closet outside and er\f ering into discussion on what would be

The 1II11hilrlM lllwyN

righl and JUSt for all cltilens. Irrcspect i~ of the special interesl 0( their customary clients. 1 know of two senators whose minds had been made UI) weeks in advance on Certain ils l~ts of the lorl reform legislation. I persona lly wltnCSSL,,(i them reconsider their positions in light of the forceful and iml»rtlal response of the bar. Perhaps we need to remind ourselves. as well as our legislature. of the line from the popular movie 'Walking T.ll1 ~ as Sheriff PUSSolr was addressing his deputies for the firs t time after his election. lie said. "I don't mind a little drink or a lillie fun. but the law of the land is not for sale I believe lawyers want to come logether again to help solve the greilt iSSUl'S facIng our state and nation. We hllve an opporlunity to provide a forum which will ;lttr,lc t i11t professlorls to sit down ;md sL'ek solutions. VVc now know !hilt it will work.

Our ta sk is to have the dedication ne<:es~ry to bring thi5 to fruition. We C,lllnOt and musl not limit our thinking to plilint,f! or dcfcndilf1l. prosecutor or defense lawyer. Each has its own Importance. but standing isolated from thC' resl of the bar, these Individual intCre~t~ ultimiltcly will fail. The risks ,He tOO great and the dam{lgc too permanent to allow an elitist atlltuc\c to block our course. PrlVilte 'lgcn<las must be set aside for the gre,ltcr good of society. Equal access to thl} courtS by all people can be and must be a rCJllty and nOt mCr(!ly 11 theoretical dre;Jm. Discrimination a)3ainst l.''rofl the smallest minority darkens the hall of our ciladels of justice arId entrailS all of us in a hopeless spiral toward lack of faith In our legal instilutions. If we. as human beings. CM focus the attention of the world on the elf0/1 10 S<lIIC tWO Call fornia whillcs Ir.1PI>ed In a grave of ice near BarrOW. Alaskil, we cert..llniy can do no Il!ss In supporting the legal proce5S which keeps uS free.

II. legal educa ti on NeKl, I want to say a ¥.Oro or fV,Q about ICg.ll cduCiitlon. legal education is vi t,,1 to our outgoIng cffOI1$ to $uppol1 "nd adv'lIlce the 0bjectives of our judicial system. However, In my Jodgment, ~ must not only con· tinue to educate! ourselves In The 1;tW. I sense a growing rlced to educate the

public about The law. about our I~l SyStem. to reconfirm that Ihe law is il servant of the I>copic. thdt the law. not pawcr or privilege. Is their most l)Otent <Illy. This will not be <In easy t,uk. Neve,.. theless. I sense a danger that if W(' do not succe«! in thislask, the people may lose faith In our lelpl system, lose faith thill our legal sy)tcm does indeed provide "equal justice to all .~ The story is told of a city lawyer who was tryin g a case before a Jusl lce of the peace In a rur.ll community. After long dlscu5~lon over a certain point. the justke ruled against the I,twyer, who thereupon rose ilnd beg..l'l. "If Your Honor please-" "Stop righl lhcre, young man. You might Just as ~1I Sit down. l·ve already made UI) my mind and I will never changc it. I know law imd I don't need nobody to teU me nothing. I arll ri ght. I know It afld there Is nothing else to it." 'Why, )bur Honor;" SJld the lawyer. "of course you ;lfe f!ght. I merely WJnted 10 show you wh(lt a big fool Blackstone was:' The rnyi.tery of the law n\lJ~t be rl'placed by kflowlL>dge and understanding.

When someone asks how It is thilt a law)'\!r Ciln defend 5Omeonc who I~ guilty of murder or child mole5tation. we should not take this as a personal ,"If/ront to 1ilW~f"5 but rather an acknowloo3t->merllthat the person asking the questron Is In llced of understanding of the legal prOCe5S. Under Our law. illl perwns art' presumed innocent ur\lll proven guilty In a court of law. This has, ;"Inc! IllwilyS will be. the genius of th e Amerlcaf) jury sy)tcm and the public must no! lose faith In this high I>rinciple. The English writer Gilbert K. ChL'Sterton once made an Impollanl obseN,ltion about trial by lury. li e said, "Our civiliz ation has decided. and very justly decldctl, that detcrmlnlng the guilt or Innocence of rm:m is il thing too irnl)()rt,llI! to be entruSted to tr~inl'(l men.

When It wishC!S fOr light upon that awful maller, It asks men who kno.v flO more law than I know, but who can feel the things I feel in the jury bo~. When It Wmlt s a library ciltJloguoo. O! a S01,1r ~ys.. tC!m discovered, or any trifle of thilt klfld, It usC!s up its specialist. 81)t when it wi shes anything done whIch I ~ r('.llly serious, rt collects 23 of Ihe ordrnary men 51..1OOing around. The Sdme thing was done, if t remember right, by the founder of Christlilnity."

207

III. A c o ntimted return 10 profes-

sionalism AS il ha ~ bl;.'t;!n trLle in yeaf'l> pa~l, our bar faccs (.'vcr· ncrc,lslng Ilroblems :md we know Ihm we C,UlnOI rely uporl nlere luck for the solutions. I am reminded of Ihe story of the grocer who, while OUI deliverillg orders, r,l n over ;:lnd terribly injured (I young \\IOm(ln. The woman sued imd wa ~ i1w.lfdl.."d ;m :'mounl large enough 10 put the mim OUI of business.

Afler greal efforl and sacrifice, he m;'1n· aged to g(!t th(! gruc(!ry going again. But, a fC'W months alter ol>cnlng his doors, he struck (In old gcntlCtl\M wllh his delivery Iruck. Th c gentlemall sued alld again the verdict e>ccecded the merch,lI1t's assets, On a IJeilceful Sunday, the grocer w.. s si tting in his living room w hen his little boy r,lI1 in ,lnd hQllered, "Dildoy! D'lddy!

M omma has blien run over by a gre," big Grt.'Yhound bu s." The grocer's I..')'t!s 0i1L>d w ith tetirS :.nd i,'l1 vt'liCe trembling with emotion, he cried, "Thank Ihe lord. My luck has changed al lil st," I attended th e Al11erlcan Bilr Associalion Leildersh lll Conference held in Chi· cago Ihls past spring. E..ch person in .. I· tendnnce W,l$ a;ked 10 list in importilnce the problems facing the bar which h(! or lo he felt was the most pressing. It wa s not surprlsirlg to I(!arn that the dl!(:iine in l'Iro(essionalism and the image of law~rs in society topped the lists, This Is Or\e of Ihe most difficult chalII,mges facing Idw~rS today.

There Is a grOWing lendency 10 regard the prJct ice of lilW as no differem from ilny (llher Commerciill i1ctivity. Cl('i1riy there is a gr()Y,ling lendenl..)' to ignore the idc;'lls nnd the commitment 10 ideals tha t distinguish thll practice of law from the conduct o( a business whose solll pur· pose Md obje<'tivc is to m"ke ,1 profi t.

Economic consequences are not the sole, or even Ihe paramount, objective of our profession, As Iil'-Yy()rs, we serve a greater goal. \I\.U serve together in Ihe ildl11inistr;J' lion of j\I~ I i<;e.

There arc many cauS£!~, of c()ur~e, alld some of the changes lhat h,we led to the dedine of prof~~sionalism are irreversi· ble. Some challses ilre slrl1ply illl unavoidable producI o( the times. For example, we all knaw thilt the coml11itment to the ide,lls of profeSSionilHsm \Ire in..... ri_ ably compromised by a brcakdO'Nn in

208

the personal ral)I>Ol't betwcen att orney .1nd client. \I\.U ilre not going to eliminmc huge, iml>crsonal law firms or advertisillS Or speci<l lil(ltion or copy l11achines and compulerS M e thl;! olher Ihings Ihat leild to de-pcMnali:ca tion and a corre· sponding loss of professlon'lli sm. It is merely an exercise In n05t,l181a to wi sh for return to iln earlier, simpler time. In· stead, the challenge is to m;'li nt,lin Ihe Ideals of our pro fession given the world as it is! The arlSwer. deM ervlu~, is not in th e slars, bu t In oUr1.elves.

we all aspire, The Image of a l(lWyer Wil s perhaps best illustrated by H ar~r ll~, an AI1lbamill«wyer from M onroeville, In her filmous nOllCI, To Kill A Mockingbird.

The scene she described W,15 jury rlllurnlng its verdlclln a case in which her fa th er {Alti cusl WilS defending ,1 blilck milll accusC(1of raping a while woman In a sma ll southern comm unity. Lee describes Ihe jury r!!turning wi th Its ~rdict ,lnc! the foreman h;tnding a piece of jl.ll){'r 10 the clerk who handed It to th e judgll. M she dc~crlbcd It:

I do not beli(.'Vl") the ~O l u l lo'l Ii!!s In hirIng a public relmions (lrm 10 come in ilnd spruce up our imag~ ,lnd pu t [\ good f~ce on Ihe legal profes'ioll. We c~n regai n public rJ:!~pect the oId-filshioned WilY. \oVc ca n !J;Hn il Ihrough serllice, s(!rvice thaI begins and ends w th a commitment to the historic ideil is of our profe ssion, ~er· IIlce that Is offered and Implement!!d by lawyers who regard thcmselllCS as profcssion~lr.-not employees gOllCrncd by the morals o( the market 1)lacc.

" I shut my eyes, Judge Taylor w~s pollit'S the lury:

The idcal ~ of Our profession <Ire our mOSI Iml>ortant birthright. Sacrificin g them for reilsons of c~pedience, for materlaUSlic rea sons, Issimply rIot good business, contrJry Opi llions 110twith· stilnding, We mu~t nOt commit Ihe sin of E~au and sell our birthright for a bowl of porridge. The phr~ se "you C<lnnOl cal €!t hi c~" is repugnanl to Our Sense of prof€!ssionalism and should I>c rebuked wllh dlsgusI, As Deilll John I{ccd ICilchcs u~, profl.." ,. sionill responsibility is much mor!! Ihan merely <lbiding by a s!'!ries of rules. It Is a Slale of mind. Even more, 1\ ls a set of hasic lIalues, It is something like the dif· feren ce between Ihe Ten Command· ments and the Gokl!'!n Rule: a persorl who abides by Ihe Ten Comrnilndment5 i~ an essentiall y IIIIOrthy person, but it Sl.."f.lms a higher mOl<llity tC go lx'YOnd ~1I1d do unto OIhe!) as you would haw them do UIl IO you, il val\le Syslem th .. t S!'! tSa goal always slightly beyond re,l ch.

It has been said thai there is a difference between the mor,llity of obliga tion, which Is abiding by th e rules, and the Illorality of aspi rillion, which is doing whil t you ought 10 do 10 m;)ke Ihings

better.

We do not h1I11C 10 look beyond Ihe borders of O\lr own st,lte to recilpt\lre Ihe high sense of pro fe;sionalism to which

,I

'''Gui lty ... gui lty ... gui lty ... gu il.

Iy . , , : 11)C!!ked al )em: his hands wt:re whit(! from gripping Ih!! balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as If each 'gullty' was il separ,lt!! st"b betw(!Cn th!!m, "Judgc Taylor was saying somet hing.

His g1l1lC1 was in his fis t, but he w,'sn't u~­ Ing it. Dimly, I saw Atti cus pushing pil!>ers from Ihe table inlo his briefcase.

H!! ~ napp(.>('l it shut, wenl 10 the court rCl>orter ,uld said something, nodded to Mr, Gilnler, ;'1nd Ihen went to Tom Robin· son and whi sj:>crcd som!!1hing to him. At· ticus I)ut his hand on Torn's shoulder 35 he wh i~pcred , Alli cus took his coa t off the bilck of his chilir ilnd pull!.'(f it O\ICr hi~ shoutcfer. Then he left Ihe courtroom, bu t not by his usual exi t. H!! must hallt'! wilntl>d to go hom€! the short way, Ix.. c" u ~e he w.ilkl>d {Iuickl y down th!! middle aisle toward th!! sou th e>clt. I (allowed the (01) of hi s head as he made his way 10 the door. He did not look up.

"Sol11oone was 11UllChing nw, but I was rel uctant to take I11Y eyes fro m Ih!! I>COplc bel()Y,l us, .1nd from the Image of At· t icU5'~ lonely walk d()Y,ln the aisle. '''Miss Jean Louisef' " I looked around. Th ey wcre St.,rldlng.

All around us alld In Ihe baleolly all th e opposite w,lll, Ihe black people 'NCre getting to their feet. RCllCrend Sykes's voice was as disl,lnt ilS Judge TilYlor's. '''Miss /eill1 I.oui~, st,'nd IIp child, VOllr f"ther's 1)(I55i n8:" Conclusion I look forward to serving our state bar as your n!'!xt presider". It is my hope 1lnd dre-1m Ih", we will Ollce ag.,ln recapture the spirit embodied in th e thr(!C fi nesl words I know, " my fellow !;r,yyer." •

Scpwmb!!( 1989

ALABAMA STATE BAR 1989·1990 DUES NOTICE (All Alabama attorney occupational licenses and special memberships expire September 30, 1989)

Annual License-Special Membership Dues Due October 1, 1989 Delinquent After October 31, 1989

*

r~tl

... L.... II .... M.... 5 T.... 1[ 8 .... R

SPECIAL MEMBERSHIP CARD 1989· 1990

~

",,\~ 'Or ,0"" '''~, ~~~W>~

Special Member Special Illembcr~hlp ~latu ~ I) ilequire<! PUrsUJll1 10 Section 304·3·17 or Seclion 34-3-18, Cooe of A/ab.lma (1975), as ilrnt:!ndt:!d .

Feder.ll at"ld state judges, district al1omeys, Unltoo StJtcs al1ornt.'Y5 If you are admitted 10 thc AI.lb."1m<l Sr,lle Bar Joel engJgi!d in and olher 8()\1(!mmCnt anom(.'VS who are prohibited from pr.tetic· rhe practice of t(IW, you all' required 10 porcha~e an annual oc- ing priVoltely by virtue of their positions are eligible lor this memo CUplll10nai license. Section 4()'12-49, Code 01 Alabama (197S), bership status. likewise, p<!l'SOns admine<! to Ihe ba, d Alabama as amended, This license gl~'S you the riShllO prJclice law in who are not eng.>ged in the practice of law or arc empla,oed in rhl! SltllC of AlaOJma through September 30, 1990. The COS t of it posi tion not otherwise requiring a IIcense:tre eligible 10 be 51lethe license Is $150, plus the nominllllssu,mcc fcc, (lnd may be cl al members, Attorneys admitted to the bar of Ala~mil who reI)UfChased from the probllte judge or license cummis~ionCI side oulslde the slate of Alab.lma who do nOt practice in Ih(> slille (where applicable) In thl! county In which you wlmMl1y pr,le- of Alab.HIl.l al \o <Ire eligible for Ihi5 ~ tatu s. With the execil tion lice. In addition \0 the slate license, illl pr'}ctl cing Mtorneys 01 st.lte ilttorneys and district attorneys, ~peciill memben arc e~· should check with their mun1cip.l1 revenue dep.lrlml·nl~ 10 be sure Ihallhe licensing ft:!quiremenl s of rhe clly or town a n~ also being met. By sending Ihc AI~b~ma State Bar J eOI1)' of the license wncn it is purchased, you will receive a w.ll!ct·slzc dUI)li. calc of your license IlllctUled .1IlCl\le) for idcnlif1e.l1Ion Iluq>oses during the 1989-1990 license year,

empllrom mand.llory cOfIlinulng I~g.ll education reqUIrement s; hOlV('V('I, thi, .,nnual exemption mu ~t be ciaimed on the lel)OlI· ing lorm. Special membcr)hil) du(.'5 arc IMid directly to the Ala· b~mil Stille Bar. Memhership (,mis, as ~hown in lhe sample ilhoyt', are i'~llcd upon receipt 01 the dues ,mel good for the

license yei'lr. Special membershil> dues are S75.

Dues include it S15 annual subscrrptlon 10 The AI,lwm,l Ldwycr

If you have a ny questions regardin}; your I>rol>er membership St.lt US or dues paynwnt, please contact Alice 10 ~Iendrix, Mem· bers hip Servicl..'S Directo r, at (205) 269·1515 or 1·800·392·5660 (in ·~tate WATS).

TIl/! AI/lbama Law~r

209

About Members, Among Firms ABOUT MEMB ERS Richard S. Sheldon IlrlnOUnCes the relocation of his offices 10 First Na· tional B;mk Bui1(!ing. 107 St. Francis Street, Sui te 2301, Mobile, Alab,una

David F, Ovson announces, effec· t i~ luly I, th e reOloval of his offices

to Suite 120, 728 Shades Creek Park· Wily, Birmingllam, Alabamil 35209.

Phone (205) 87(}.1.:i1l.

•

36602. Ph,me (20S) 432-3737,

•

Sheldon Perhacs JI1110unCes the reo IOCil1ion oi his office to C.lmbrldgc Row, 1607-21s1 Street, S., Ilirming. h:lln, Alab;lInil 35205. Phone 120S)

939·3039.

•

Donna Wesson SmilUL'Y ,mnounccs the rci ocation of her officC!s as of June 1, 1989, 10 Suilc 180, Cour thouse rl3za, 600 Lurleen B. Wallace Boule·

vMd, S., Tuscaloosa. Alabama 35401.

Phone (205) 758·5576 or 758·5590.

•

Carolyn B. Nclron, formerly executive vice-president and general coun· sel of Metropolitan Properti es, Inc. ~nd senior 'Ike-president and gener.,1 COlms!'!1 (If BrOOkwood I'icallh Services, Inc., announc~s the opening of her of/1ce for the 1)r.1cti c(! of lilW at 831 First A'.('nuc, North, Blrrllingham, A!;Ibama 35201. Phone (205)251-9922 or 252-3 107,

10

•

Ali son Taylor ;wnounccs the opening of her offices at 509 Brown Marx TOWEr, Birmingham, Alab;lm;l 35203. Phon~ (205) 328-2606.

•

lonath,ln E. Lyerl y announces the relocation of his offices to 3575 t,Qrn,l Ridge Drive, IJirmingh;lm, AI{lb;lma 352 16. Phane (205) 979-2121.

•

W. I)onald 8(1lton, Ir" formerly with the firm of Foster, Bohon & DySO il , P.A., Foley, Alab:lma, :l11nOUIlCCS the relocation of his office to 307 South McKcltzie Street, Foley, Ala· bama 36535, p,o. Box 259, Foley, Ala· b{lm;l 36536. phone (205) 943-3660.

•

210

Mark T, Smyth :lnnoum:es the reloca tion of his praC1l~ of law to 105 Ea~t Fourth Street, l uverne, Alabama 36049. I'hone (205) 335-6524/6525,

•

J. David Jordan, formerly of Sintz, CM1PbcU, Duke, ·aylor 8< Cunningham, Mobile, annoonces the opening of his firm with offices located at 401 E'.('l'8reell Awnuc, 1'.0. Bo:<. 403, Brf;'wton, Alab..lma 3642r. Phone (205) 8677184,

•

Richard N. Ad,l ms announces the ol>cning of his offices fo r th e pr.lctice of IllW al 217 Grilrt Street, 1'.0.

Box 43, Dec,uur, Alab..lma 35602.

Phone (20S) 353-7570.

s.e.,

•

Stl'Phcn I'. Bussman lInnour\ccs tht"! relocation of his pr,lctk c to 212 Alabama Avenue, S., P,Q. Box 925, Fort Payne, Alabama 35967. Phone (205) 845-7900.

AMONG FIRMS Bryant & Chambers announces that WcslL>y H, Blacksher has become ar soclatcd with th e firm, with offices at Riverview ptaza Office Tower, 63 South Roy,ll Street, Suite 1107, 1',0. Box 1465, Mobile, Alabama 36633.

AI~"m

•

& "Ird ilnnounccs th at Rillph F. MacDonald, 111, became a member of the firm on August 1, 1988. Atlanta! downtown offices ar(' located at One Atialli lc Center, 1201 West Peachtree Street, Allanw, Georgia 30309-3424, Phone (404) 88 1·7000.

•

F,u mer, Price, Smith & Wea ther· ford announces that Ernest H. Hornsby has become a Imlner in The firm.

Th!! firm nilm!! has been chllnged to Farmer, Price, Smith, Horn sby & Weatherford w ith offices locatl.>d at 11 5 WeSt Adam s Slr(!(!t, Dotha l1, Ala· bama 3630J. The mailing address is 1',0. Dr,lwel 2226, Doth an, Alabama 36302 . Phone (205) 793-2~ 2 4.

•

Roy W. Scholl, Jr., ,lIld Roy w.

Scholl, III, announce Ihe formation of a IhlrtncrShil) under the {jrm nllnll! of Scholl & Scholl, with offices OIl 112 Oroce Park Circle, Suite 200, Birmingham, Alabama 35223. I'hone (205) 871·6604 or 871·6011.

•

Griffin, Allison & May an nounces thaI W, Bil rr y Alvis h{ls become a member of the firm, ilnd the firm name has been changed to C riffin, Allisorl, May & Alvis. Offices Me located at 4513 V,llll.<ydale Road, Suite 1, Birmingham, Alabama 35242, Phone (205) 991·6367.

•

OMb,.r,. F. Olschner announces the opening of herlaw offices, 8arhara F. Olschn!!r, P,C" and that Dougla5 H, Scofield has tx"'Con1(~ asroci.llcd w ith the firm. Offices arc located at 200 1 Park Place, N., Suite 300, Blrmlng. ham, Alabama 35203. Phone (205) 251·8245,

•

The firm of Dominick, Fletcher, Yeildlng, Wood & Lloyd, P.A. an· nounces thilt Sammye Oden Ray has become a member of the firm, and K('ndall Walton Maddox ha~ b('come an associate of the firm. Offices arc located at 212 1 Highland Avenue, Po. 60x 1367, Birmingham, Al abama 35201. Phone (205} 939-0033.

Seplember 1989

The firm of Cherry, Givens & Ttlrvt:!r announces tholt Gary l. Aldridge, forrlierly a partner of Emond & Vines. has joined the firm as a polflner. The firm will opurate under the n,lmcof Cher· ry, Givens, 'tJr\ler & Aldridge. The Bifmingh<lm office is located at 2100 A SoulhBrldgc P,ukway, Suite 570, Birmingham, Alabama 35209; Ilhone 87().155s. The DothilO office Is loe.lted al 125 \M.'St Main Street, P.o. BOle 927, Dothan, Alabama 3&302; Ilhone (205) 793-1555.

•

The firm of 8lad:burn & Malom.'Y announccs that the name of the firm has been challg(.'d 10 Blackburn, Maloney & Schuppcrt, P.C., and lh'l1 B. Allison Blackburn hilS become a member of the firm . Offices are locat(.od 111 201 Second Aycnue, S.E., P.o. Box 14 59. Decatur, Alabama 35602 . Phone (205) )5)·7826.

•

The firm of lohn T. Moorcsmith, P.c., has maJC(\ to Four Mctroplex Drive, Suite 202, Birmingham, "Iabama 35209. Phone (205) 871·34)7.

•

I. Todd C"ldwell announces tha t R. Joel Laird, Ir.. formerly with the firm of Boh, lsom, JackSOll & Bailey, PC, has joined him in the practice of law, and also announces the form31ion of the firm u ldwell & laird, with offices located at Suite 407, SouthTrUSt B,mk Building, P.o. Box 2314, Anniston, "Iabama 36202. Phone (205) 23766"-

•

Dil",id B. Cauthen and Dritt Cauth· en ,mnounce the formiltion of a llar!nership fOr the geneml Pfllclice of 1,1\'1.

The n"me of the firm is Cauthen & C"uthen with offices at 217 East Moulton SlIcet, Decatur, AlabalYla 35601.

Phone (205) 353·1691.

•

•

The firm of Burdine & Bern.luer an· nounces that Gregory Keith Burdine has become a pannel. with offices at 412 First Federal Building, 102 South Courl Street, Flore1\ce, "Iabama )5630. Phone (205) 767·5930.

•

Kenneth P. Roberlwn, Ir., joined Frank W. Bailey in the formalion of Bailey & Roberlson, with offices at 826 ChL~t nut Street, Ga(!<;(Ien, Alabama 35901. Phone (Z05) 546·5666.

Robin F. Clark, formerly with Siroll'! & Pcrmull In t-luntwiUe, has joinLod the legal department of American Ai ... lines, lnc., MO 2E30, r.O 80x 619616, Dallas/Fort Worth "Irport, Texas 75261-9616.

Geddes. Roper & Associates, P.C., announces tn"t Christoplu.!r Kern, formerly I"w clerk to Honorable Arthur 8. Briskman, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge, Southern District of "Iab"ma, hAS become an associate In tha firm's Mobile office, located at 209 SI. Louis Street, Mobile, Alab.lm.1 36602. In ad· dilion 10 its Mobile loe<ltion, the firm has an office In DecCltur, Alabama.

•

The firm of Love, Love & Lovt, P.C. announces that D. Leigh Love and lack E. Swi nfo rd have become assod ated wllh the firm . Offices are located at 11 7 East North Street, P.O. Box 51 7, TaliadegJ Alabama. Phone (205) 362·6670.

Chllrles L PMks annoullCes the ass(lclation of Raymond C. Bryan In the practice of law with offices at 1106 Wilmer Avenue, P.o. Box 1709, Anniston, "Iabama 36202. Phone (205) 237-6645.

•

• •

H.E. Nile, Ir., and Alex L. Holtsford, Ir., both formerly with the firm of Hili, Hill, Cartcr, Franco, Cole & 6lilCk, P.C., announce the fo rmation of a p,mnershlp for the practice of law ef· fcctive June I, 1989. under thc name of Nix & HoltMurd. Th: offices are II)catoo In the Bell Builcing, 207 Mont· gomery Street, Suite 225, P.o. 60x 4128, Montgomery, Alabama ]6103.

Phone (205) 262·2006.

•

Prince, McG uire &- Coogler, P.C. announces that Li§Ol l. Woods has become an associate In the firm . WiI· lIam Bankhead McGuire, Ir., has left

the firm, and efft.'Ctlvc lune t, 1989, the new nanl!.! of the firm will be Prince, Coogler, Turner & Noll"n, P.c. with offices at 2501 6th Street, Tuy. caloos.l, Alabama 35401. Phone (205) 345-1105.

•

Edward H. Pradat announces that Jody L Wise has Joint.>d him in the practice of law, and also announces lhe formation of the firm Prildal & Wise, with offices loc... ted at 2902 61h Street, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401Phone (205) 345·244 2.

•

PollS & Young alll,ounces th,lt R. WY1111 Howell, formerly "ssoci~ted with Ihe nrm of File, Davl$, Atkinson & Bentley In I-lamillon, has become associated with the flmlln their Flor· ence office located at 107 E. College Streel, P.o. Box 1760, fl orence, Ala· !J.lma 35631. Phone (205) 764·71 42.

•

The fi lm ofTanner, Guin, Ely, L'lfy &I Neiswender, P.c. announc:es the as-

sociation of laura K. CrL'gory ilnd Sheree Martin, both of whom <Ire admitted to plactice before The Florida Bar. The firm's offices arc loe<lhx! at 2711 University 80ulevard, Suite 700, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401. Phone (205) 349-4300.

•

The I1rm of Roberts, Davidson, Wig. gi ns & Crowder announce~ that WiI· 1i1ll1l B. McGuire, Jr., has become a~­ soclated wllh the firm with om c~ 10catoo at 2625 8th Street. p.o. 60~ 1939, TUSCaloosa, Alabanl1l 354031939. Phone (205) 759·5771.

Thoma~

•

L. Read, formerly a ~I>et;ial assistant United St.ltl'S Attorn(!y for thc Northern District of Alabama, civil division, announces his allpolntment as assistant regional counsel lor the Federal Bureau o( Prisons. Offices are IOCML-od at 523 McDonough Soulevard. S.E., "tlilnt", Georgiil 30315.

Phone (404) 624·5204.

•

211

The Birmingham firm of Rives & Peterson announces Ihat S.lIl(ord W. Faul kner .nd F. Wilson Myers have joined Ihe firm . Offices arc localed al 1700 Financial Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35203·2607. Phone (20S)

326-6141.

•

0 110 A. Thomps()Il, Jr., hilS become p..cl fle ared cOUJlsel for the Naval Suppl y Systems Command. rhe Pacific

area includes Ha'N.lii. Japan, Hong Kong. Singapore, Nt.'W Zc.l1and. the Republi c of the Philippines and other loca tion5. He is assigned as eounSt:!I, U.S. Naval Supply Depot, Yokosuka, Jilpan. This is a civili.U1 poSition within th/'> Office of th e General COlmsel of the N~vy. H is ilddrcss 15 NSO (DOL). 80~ II, Fro Se'lUle 96762-1500. Phone 61-0 468-26·1911 (eltt. 7735).

•

Ross Diamond, III, and James E. Hasser, Ir., announce that JamH H .

FrOit has joined the firm asa partner, and Ihe nil me of Ihe firm has been changed to Diamond, H,lSstr & Fros t.

They also announce the relocation of Ihelr offices to One South Royal Slrecl, Mobile, Alabama. The m,liling address ilnd telephone number will remilin the same: 1'.0. Bolt 2006, Mobile, Alabama 36652. Phone (205)

432-3362.

Supreme Court of Alabama -NOTICEImportant Information Regarding Second Copy of Reco rd on Appeal and Exhibits

Return of second c op y of record on appeal In the evellt a secolld clmy of the record has been filed pursuarlt to Rule 30(g), Alabama Rules of Appellate Procedure, any I)art)/ or attorney desi ring to rece ive the second copy of the:! record shou ld make a wr/uen request to the clerk of th e 5upremc COUtt w/t /rln 30 days from dale of {/eciSion . Otherwise, the second cOpy of the record wi!! be destroyed.

Return of exh ibits Any party Or a11ornl.'Y may makc OJ wr;lIcn request to dIe clerk of the supreme court (or return of clthlbits prior to thc Cltpllation o( Ihe ~rlods sci ou t in th e records retention schedule of the Supreme Court o( Alab.lma as Indicated below.

Destruction o( exhibits PUfSUilllt 10 Ihe Records Relentlon Schedule of this courl, (\11 origi nal clthlbi ts con tained In separaIC volumes of th e reco rd on apl>eal, or 5Cnt to the court under scpar"ltI cover (including charts, maps, depositions and physical elthlblts) will 00 destroyed as fo llows:

2 12

At the end of one year

AI the end of two years

after decision

a(ler decision

des troy all elthlbits In

dewoy all exhibits In

affirmed cases.

reversed ca5CS.

Se(Xcmbt'r 1989

Bar Briefs Bookout reelected p resident o f Woodmen John G. Bookout, a native of Birmlnghom, was unimimously reelected rla[Ional IJrt!Si(!enl ollhe Y\'oodmen or [he World life Insur,lllce Society til Its 41St national convention, July 1~20, in Omaha, Nebraska.

Ne.uly 250 deleptcs from throughout the United St;lles CilSI A unAnimou~ b..ll1ot for Ihe Incumbent om cc r~. The delcgil tes represent 930,000 Woodmen members nationwide.

Other oIficefS reelected ~rc Execuli"" Vice-presi<lent W. W;ayne Graham, n lltlonal Secretary J.am~ L. Mounce and nlllional TreasurcrCurtis l. O~n , all of O maha .

Among the trustees ree lected WM Thomas T. Gililion, IU, of Montgomery.

All officers will serve four-year term s.

Bookout

Bookout scrvW as presi(!cnt of tht! \rVoodmen AI"bam.! Ju risdiction from 1977 10 1979, alld was chllirperson of the socicty's Nalional Legislative Commi ttee prior to being elected n;1\lonal sentry In 1979. l ie was elect<!d national watchmiln in 1980, natiOllal tru)tCfl In 1981 antI n,,tlonal escort in 1982. He then mCJO.led to Omllhll 10 SCrve as vlc<!-I)tcsidcnt and general counsel. He al so ser\l('(j as administrilti on assistJnt W the president from October 1982 until his election as 1)rt..'Sident in 1985.

Bookout attended th e University of AI"bama where he e;lrned urldcfKrad路 uatc nnd I;'IW dcgrL'eS. He W.1S appoin1L>d arl assistant att orney 8(mer;!1 of Al abama ;It age 23, and later scrwd as chief assistant and deputy allornL'Y general from 1959 to 1971. He wa s ""alMma Commissioner of Insul'i'lnce flOm 1971 to 1975 (lnd judge on Ihe Alabama COurl of Crimi nal Appeals from 1975 to 1982.

He retired tIS an llppcUnte judge In 1982, whon he mQ\.'ed to Omaha. He Is 01 member of the Alab.Jma, Nebrilska Jnd American bar assodation~, and the United Sla t ~ SUPrL'fT1e Court 8ilf.

Woodmen 01 the \"Iorld, the largest nonsectarian (raternal bent..fit socicty in the United States, was fourldcd in 1890.

The 'M>odmen has more Ihan $20 billion of life' Insurance in force.

Russell named to Court of civil appeals On April 15, Robert J. Russell assumed the unexpired tl!rm of Judge Richard Holmes on the Court of Civi l Appeals of Alilbama by nppointml!nt of Governor G\Jy Hunt on March 3. 1路le CXI)CCtS10 run for re-election to the 1>osIIIon In 1990.

Ru ssell prilcticed law In Monlgof'rlery fOi 22 year$ before his recent appointment.

Russell

I Ie mJde his first entry Inlo po litic~ last year by funnin g stJtewide to fliithc vacilncy of the Honor.lble Robert BrJdley,

who retired from the COUtt. A n(...'>'Comer to any politic.ll!>ilrty, and e芦:ept for PresIdent Gl!orgc Ilush, hI! I)OII(!(I 526,526 vo tes (45 percent) to be the Republican p.lrty'S stronge'st and most PQllular can路 dldlltc, polling from 49 percent 10 62 percent of the vote in most nletropoli tan and contiguous county areas, statewide.

He wa s reared In Montgomery i1nd (.'d ucat{.'(l ln the Alobama public school s~ l em . He ;llIcnded the Url lvcrslty of Alabllmil ilnd then Auburn Unlvcrsity where II(> recei~d his bachc lor'~ degree In general studies and milster's degree in business. A law school classmate of Judge Kenneth Ingram's, presiding judge of the coun of civil a(,)peab, he Is a 1965 gl'ilduiltc of Jones law School. where he rL'celved hi s law degree. I-Ie Is also iI graduate of the Institute for Olganl%:lIion Management ;n Michigan Stilte University.

He Is admrtted to practice law In alt state and federal distri ct courtS, the U.S. Court of Appeal s for Ihe 5th and 11th circuits, the U.S. B;lnkruptcy Court and rhe U.S. Supreme Court, and has served as a special assistilnt ilHorney generJ!, State of Alab.lma.

He is iI member of the Montgomery, Alab.lm.l <tnd Amcri can bar as~odat iOJ1 s.

American Judicature Society arId Dt.. fen se Rc~c<1fch Institule; he s a nWnlber of sCYCral commi ttees or th e Alaba rn a lIIw Insti tute and hilS scIVCCI ~ s a rTlember of the DepMtrTlCnl of In<lustrial RcllI tlons AdviSOry Council, State 01 Alabama.

He selVL'd hrs church, Trrnity Pmsbvterian Church of Montgomery, 21 ~arS ilS iI deacon, is past presJderl1 of the Men of Trinity, l<tught Sunday School there for ()Y(!r ten years and IlCrformcd trial Ilnd allilClI:rte lellil] services (or the church. lie Is .. member of the Montgomery Rotary Club and Is an active <upporter 01

213

num~rOll~ other civic and cu hural org.mil:ations.

HI! hil~ one <on, Roben j, Ru~sell, who served .IS iI Inw dwk to then·Circuil ludgc Mark Kcnn<.ody ilnd as city il1torney of M0l11g0fllCty for over two 'y\!<lrs.

Jackson n<l med ch<lir person o f itSSodil l ion Wlilitnn P. Jackson, Jr., of the Arlington, Virijiniil, firm 0' JackSOn & Jessup, was recently ell"tIed chillrpl!l1ion of Ihe OiWicl of Columbia ChilJ)tcr of the A~50ciillion of TrMIsportill ion Priu;l itionl)(';. Hc ill~o wOl~ named chalrJl(!fSOn of Ihe Legislative Commltwc for thai as~oclalion, Judges recei \le certifi cates fo r jud icia l education Twcnty-one AI<1b..lma judge5 have been 1)r(!~l.mll,'d ccrllnc,lles by AI<1bama Chicf Juslice Sonny Hornsby for completion of .11 Ica~t 100 houl1i of judicial <.'(luc;lIion within a {our-year period.

Five of the 21 have completed a 200·hour coul'SC of ~tudy wllhl11 five ye;m undN the Alabama Judicial Col· I~!!c'~ con tinuing education progrJl11.

The college's cenlfiCil1e progrJnl was inil iiltl'(l in 1984, Jnd 79 judges have

be?~n ilwiHdl'CI certificates for 100 hours of education sludy, The five judges who have compleled the 200·hour IHogr.1111 are Ihe first 10 ilchieve this level. They Me!

Circuit judge Willil1m W Cardwell of Gadsden Circuil Judge Joe Co lqulll of Tuscaloosa Circuit Judge Leslie Johnson of Florence Diwict Judge John Coggin of Centr'e District Judge Charlcs Wayne Owen of Gad sd~n Judges I)resentcd cNtlficMes this y(!ilr for 100 hours of study Include: DiStrict Judge John

of

Birmingham Circuit ludge R.llph Cook of Bessemer Circuit Judge Richard /)()rrOu!!h of Montgomery Oistrict Judge Ralph Grider of ScOllsboro Diwicl Judge l-lartwcll Lutz of Hunlsville Re?tirt.'(1 Circuit Judge Telfai r Mashburn of tldY Mlnell!!

Circuit Judge Claud Neilson of Dernopo!is

Swtc Chief Jus/ice Sonny I-Iumsby (r;ghU was presented Ihe first ,1IlnUJIIMf)C) V. Thompson A/,lbam,1 AmeriC'lIl l.eg;on'$ Boy) Slale Dlilinguished Alumnus Alv.1rd M Ihe S2nel Anntml Boys Stare Conven/lon in lJirminghalll Iune II, 1989. Chief luMiff;' Homsb)-, ,1 1954 ,1lumnus of Buys Stare, served as ils lie(/II.'nanr governor and a~ OIlL' of the ~laIC's two dc/ega/Cos /0 8oy\ NiUiulI. Prc)('lHiIlY the aw.lrcl werc Circul I ludge lohn BrY,IIl, presiding ,udge, 10th Judicial Circuil (Icft); Jefferson Coullly DISlricl/uc/ge Perc lohnsol), who serves as director of Boy) St.1IC (m/exlle); .1nel Chief luslice Hom~by.

'14

A I ~brook\

Retired Circuit Judge Carl Nesmith of Oneonta Circuit Judge Jack RII~ of Cullrr1l}11 District Judge Marlse Sandidge of Clantotl Circuit Judge Dale Seglest of Dadeville DiStrict Judge Tommy Stowe of Wcturlll>ka Circuit Judg(' Nl'(l Sutt le of Florence Circuit Judge WJyne ThOrn of Birmingham District Judge Ger<lld Topazl of Birminghilm Oi~triC1 hldge Thomas Woodard of Carrollton - Admini strilti ye Offi ce of Courts Circuit, district judges clcct associa tio n oHiccrs Circuit Judgc Tom Youllger of Hunts· ville and DiSIrlct Jvdge Ger.l ld Topazi of Birmi ngham h.we been dec ted presidents of their respc<:tlve Judges' a7 soci<llions for Ihe upcoming \'Car, Judgc Younger succeeds Circuit Judge? ferrill MeR.'I1! of Mobile i\ncJ Judge TOp..1Zi succeeds Judge Aul)rt..'Y Ford of Tuskegee t1S ICoaders of their il ssoclation~. The ludges WNe elected ilt a fl'Cent judicial education con /{!((!nce sl)QnSQred by the Al,lbamiJ Judiclal College.

Tile Ala/).1IIM Law foundation, Inc./!as aw,l rded a $7,500 Brall/ ro lill:' Alabama Young Lawye~/YMCA Youlll/udic/al Program.

The )bu/h Juelici<ll Progr,lm eeluc.1lCS high school stue/enlS .. /)QUI the iudicialsy5/em IlJrough parlicipalion In mock Iri,l /$, anel i~ 1!1C largesr service project of fhe AI.lOO ma SI,lle Bar )bung L.lI'lyers' SfXtion. Studt.'nls 5crve as ludgc~, lawyer5 iJlld iUrof~, enabling t/lem fO IC<lm firs rh.lnc! rhe role each plays in the jU51i1:1:' SySf(>Ill. Approximately 40(} lludcmlSthroughoullhe ~ rillC fhlrlicipaleelln the proyfi1nl ill 1988. A/;oI'e, leilto ,;ghl, are Charles Al1dC!r~on, chairperson, YOUlit ludic/al Prosram; William Chnndler, /JeneraI dirCCIOr, Montgomery YMCA; and lohn SCOI!, Foulldmlon Ifustec.

Seplember 1989

OTher officers f'lecTcd by the AssociaTion of Circuil Judgcs 'NCrl! Circuit Judge Randall Cole of Fort r''lync, fir$t vicepresident; CirculI Judgl! John Bryiln of Birminghilm, second vicf'-presldel'll; and Clrcui! Judge Hnrdic Kimbrough of C~ Hill, st.'CrCtilryltrc.1surcr.

O ther officers electt.'<I by the AssociaTion of DlwlCl Judgcs were Distric:c Judge Edd ie Hilfdaway, Jr., of li vi ngston, prcsl· dent-elcct; District Judgc Deborah Pascur of Florence, first vice-president; District ludg!) Lionel Layden of Mobile, secretary; and District Judge Jim Whl tc of Centrl,.... vltle, treasurer.

- ADe

Ret ired Chief Juslice Torbert honored Clement Clay Torbert, Jr., former chief jU5!ice of the SupreOle Coun 0( AI<lb.lma, re<:eived J Distinluished Service Award from the Nil!lonlll Center fOf StillC Courts for his contributions to benerlng the ad· miniStration 01 justice In the state courts.

Torbert was preser'\ted the aw;lfd by NCSC pH!Sident EdwMd B. McConnell and Virginia Chief Justice l'I,lfry L. Carrico, NCSC chaifman·elcct and presi· dent-elect of tke Conference 01 Chu~:f Justices, on Monday, July 24, during special ceremonies presided eNer by currCIl! Ala· bama Chief luslICe I lornsby Jt the Supreme Coun in "'\ontKOmery.

TOrbt!n took office as Alabamis 25th chief justice on JJIluary 18, 1977, and WJS rcclCCltXI without opposition for a SC(ond six-year term Deginnlng January 18, 1983. l'le did nOt seck reelection after his second tcrm Jnd left office In Jnn uJry 1969.

President Reag<l!1 appointoo TorbeJ'l to serve as the first dllli'1)Crson of the Stme Justi ce Insti tutc from 1966 to 19B8 and reappoi nted him In 19B8. Torbert's I;urrent term as Slale Justice Institute chair· perro n expires in 1991.

From 1960!O 19B9, Torbert Salon the board of dirC(;tors of the Conference of Chief JUStil;es, serving as its president fronl 1987 to 1986. While president of the ConfCrerlCl! of Chief Justices, Torbert was .. Iso chairperson of the board of directors of NCSC. I·te also has been chair· person of the Alabama Judidal Study Commission Jnd on the boilrd of dircc· tors of the Americ~n Judicature Socletv.

Since retiring as chief justice, To(bert h<ls returned to the pri'/arc prilctice of IIlW in Montgomery, Alab.lma.

TQr~rt Jtlend~ the U.S. Navoll Academy from 1948 10 1949 before receiving a bachelor's degree from Auburn University In t951.l-lcallcoded the Unl· versity of Maryland Law School and grad. uOltCtl in 1954 from the Unlwrsity of AI..• bama Law School.

Bar Commissioners elecled The follOWing highlights those commissioners (!i(JCle<1 during the past year. wherc blographil; .. 1 sketches Jnd l)hOlogral)h~ ....~re iIII'lil'lble. Also Induc!· t:d is a list of the remilining commissioners Jild thei r circuits.

71h Ci rc uit ARTHUR F. FITE, III, born Decemlxor 12.

1944. Louisian.l; attcnded school In JOlspcr, Alilbama; undcrgraduJte degree from V.mderbih Uniwrsity, 1967; l,lW degree from Unillt!r<lty of Alabama School of L.'tW, 1970; Slimmer stlldies, Lincoln College, Oxford Unillf;'~ity, 1969.

LOlw clerk, Justice Pelh.lm J. Merrill, Alab.l rlHl Su preille Court, 1970·71; associate, Knox, Jones, WOlf & Merrill, 19n-74; p,lItncr, Merril , Porch, Do~ter & Dillon, 19701-88; 1);)f1l1('r, MNrill, I)orch, Dillon & File, 1989.

Member, AIOlbJmJ Supreme Court StJnd· ing Committee to Revise Rules 01 Civil lJrocedure; vice-president of Anniston YMCA; member, boud of director<;, C"lhaun CQUnTY C.lncer Society.

Milfried 10 fornler P.lm El lllre; one child.

Frcern<ln .

Grocholski

24Th Circuit W. ALLEN GROCHDLSIC I, born Septem· ber lB, 1946, Filyette County, Alab"mJ; graduated, cum lauck, from livingston

Unlllt1 r~l ty, 1971 ; IJW degre(' from Cumberland School of Law, 1972.,

l..lW clerk to suprl!mt' court Justices Pelham Meul11 and Robert H.ITWOOd. a~ municipal ludlle. r,})'L'lIe, AI,lb.lffiJ.

Sl!rved

EII>'l and

lIst Circuit lAMES E, HART, JR., bo('1 March 26, 1942, Escambi.l COUnt\', Alilb,lma; grilduJtcd from Marion Military Institute, Auburn University. Cumberl.lnd School of law, cum lauck, 1970. MJnaging editor of Cumbcrland·!,,1I11forcl Uni\l(,rs;· Iy WI\' R('v;ew, 1969-70.

Sl!rved two·.lnd·J·half yeal'S U.S. Army, dbt;hMgeQ OlS capt.l!n.

Sole pl!lCTltioner in Brcwton since 1970.

AdmilllJd to The Florida Bzr 1972.

p,lS! Ch.liqx'f'iOn, Commllli'e on L,lw'(I'r Public Re!,ltions and Oil, Cas & Mineral LolW Section; 1>.15T pf{'~ld{'nt , EK.lmbi.1 COUIlty Bar; Ilicmht'r, AmeriC~ll GJr Association , Alab.IIll,1 Tn.,1 l..lwyers A~<;()(;ialI0n, Amenc,m Trial l..lWycrS Msociation.

PJst presid('nt, 8rewton , E.l~t Br(,'WTOn United Wiry, 8rewton Rotary Club, EKanlbiil County Auburn Club, AI,II).lfllJ Catt lemen's A"~odmlon.

Married to former Patricia W. T,-.ylor, Bar· tow, Florida; two ~ns, James E. Ilart, III , lind John \.o'\obbb 1·lart.

Han

/;Inde'"

29th Circuit M ICHAEL W. LANDERS, born July 30, 1956, Sylacauga, AI~bam.l; graduated frOI1'\ Univcrsity of AIJbamil, 1977, Uni\ICrslty'~ School of l(I'W, t980. Sole

215

I)raclitioner, Sylacilugil, 1960-85; Il<.l rtrwr, Bell & l.iUldt!~, 19B6-pre~enl. Member, 'hUadcga Coun ty Chapter of American Cancer SodelY, South T.. llodcgo Coun ty Asro(: i:.tiUr'l for Relord(..>d Ci tizens (pOSI presid enl), Sy lacatlga Rotary Club (1)051 direc tor). SyillCiluga Chamber of Commerce. D irector, SouthTrus t B<1nk of Tall;Jdeg~ Coull ty. M ember, T<lU<ldegil Coun ty B<1r Associatio n, Ameri can !I.H Associa tion.

One son, Charles Seth·M lchael Llnders.

39 th Ci rcuil W IN STON V. lEGGE, JR., born July 4, 1939, Athens, Alabama; grad uated from Uni....-ersity of Alabam,), 1962, Cumberland School of l aw, Cllm I.,ude, 1969, Univer~ily of AI"b.rm<l School of Law (mastcr of 1,1ws in tllxation).

M(!mher, Alnball1<1 Ocl(!n S(! L.'lWYNS Assocla l lon (legl slll tlve ch.llrpcrson 1983-87, vice-presi d ent 1985-87, secreta ry/treasurer 1987·88, presidentciCCI 1989); International Associa tion o( Defense Counsel; Montgomery Coun ty Bilr Association (boilrd of dir~tors 1988}; Alilb(lmil Stilte 8M (LilW Day Commil\t,.>e chilirpcrSQn 1988-89).

MontgOmery Lions Club 8o.'1rd of Direclors, 1987; YMCA Plann ing Branch Board, 1986' ])Iesell1; Jimmy Hitchcock M emori,,1 AW(lfd BO(lfd of Directors, 1975·present; Alabama Music Hall of F(lme Board, t983-8&; YMCA Boys WQrk C()mmillCe, 1975- prcsen t; Youlh legisl<1 tu rc Boa rd of Directors.

1986-prL~nl; 8ilptisl Hcahh C<lre FOur1datlol1 Board, 1987-pleS(!nt; Montgomery County Repub licml Party Comnlillee member, 198 4-prC5ent.

Par tner, Pallon, latham, Legge & Cole.

Servt.>d as member of bO<1rd of b<lf e~­ aminers, past president of LimC5tone Coun ty Bar A s~oCiatlon .

M arriod to Jenni c l dZCnby LOBge, MonrOL---ville, Alabama; one daughtcr, Allcc Win ston Lesge.

13th Circuil, PI(lce #3

LARRY U. SIM S, borrl 1941, M oundville, Alab<1llla; graduated from University of Alab<1rll a, 1962, Urllverslty's School of Law, 1965, member, Farrilh Order of Jurisprudence/Order of the Coif. Palll,cr, Hand, Arendall , Bedsole, Greaves & Johnston, 196 5-77; partner, Coale, Helmsin g. Lyons, Sims & Leach, 1977plcsent.

Member, A l ab;lrn~ D~fense Law -",:rs Assocl atioll, A labama Trial lawyers Association. Vl ce-prcside'rt, Unl~~l ty of Alabam<1 Alumni Assoclmlon.

Milfried to N,lI1CY Keese Sims, Chatl<1n008<1, Tennessee; three children, lilwrence, Susan (lnd M~ry Keese.

10th Circui t, Plilcc #9 Married to M ichelle Rl.m dell Nix; two son ~, H.E. Nix, Ill, (Il1d O;wis Milrtin Nix.

*4

CATHY S. WR IC HT, born March 19, 1949, MasSilchusetts; grildualed from Un!ver'Slly of Al 'IU.mlil School of i.(Iw, 1975, Alab<1ma editor cJ the Alaball") law Review.

13th Circuil, Place HEN /AMEN T. ROWE, born FcbruJry 19, 1945, CarrolJtorl, Georgi.l; graduated from University of A I<1bam<1, 1967, Unilll,lrsl ty '~ School of Law, 1972.

PMtl1er, Maynard, Coopcr, Frierson & Gill!), 13irrningllilnl. Served as l!1w clerk to I tonor.,ble Fr,1nk M . johnson, Jr.

Man,lging boilrd, Alill)mnil 1~1\V R(.'Vif"!\v and Order of the Coif. Practices wi th Cabaniss, johnston, Gardner, Dumas & O'Neal , Mobile, AlabMla ,

Married to M ichael l. I·tall, with Johnston, Barton, Proctor, Swecll<lw & Na((, Blrrlllllllharn; tWO Son~, D.1Vid ilnd Nath;JI1.

Membe r, Mobile 8M Associ~tion, Ameri C(ln Bar Asso(: iation, Ameri Ciln law Institute, Al ab~m<1 law Institute.

Nix

M arri(..od to former Ann H. \-Volfe; thmc chiJdrerl .

15th CirculI, PI,l ce /1 4 H .E. N IX, JR ., born July 26, 1948, Montgomery, Alabama. graduate, Auburn University, 1970, University of Alabama School of LilW, 1973.

Wright Law clerk, Judge John Tyson <1nd justice Reneau P. Almorl, 1973; law clerk 10 ludge Robert V,l'ner, 1974; partner, Hill, Hill, Carter, Flanco, Cole & Blilck, 1975·89; partner, Nix & Ho ltsford.

Professor, Jones School of L<1w, 1975·88; inSIIlIClOf, HUI1tingdon College, 1980-82,

216

Dillon

51h Circuit JOH N F. DILLO N, IV, born NovemUcr IS, 1930, Alt'~andcr City, Aiilb(lma, grad. u~tcd Univer;ity of Alaba ma, University's School of UIW, 1954, on boJrd of l.'diIOrs, Allrba/ll<1 Law Review.

S('pwmiJf!r 1989

lSI lieutenant, U.s. ;'rmy Judge! Adwctlle General's Corps, 1954·57.

PartrH!r, Wilbanks, Wilb,lnks & Dillon, 1956·70. Senior p.vlner, Dillon, Kelley & Sr(lPNn, 1 97().p~nl .

Member, ;'merican Bar Association, De(enS(! Research Institule, Alabama Defense Lawyers Association, AI{lbama Triol L;lwyers Assocl;ltion. Board of directors, SouthTrUSI Sank 01 Cenlral Alabama.

Former president, Tallapoosa Counly Sar ;'SSoci;ltion, 1970-67.

Married to former Elizabeth Millor; onc d,lUghtcr, Eliz;liJclh 6. Wh~ler.

Plllee

16th 17th 181h 191h 20th n nd

Ceotge P. ford Richard S. Manley Oliwf P. I-I cad JililltiS R. 6owlL-.

Rufus R. Smith, If. Harold .... II,'ilton

"'"

Place 1\ PIDC~

12

Richard H. GIll MOrugomery harles M. Crook Monlgomcry Jaml'S R. Scille Montgomery GadWtn Demopolis

Columbiana TlIlI.1S§.C(!

Dolhan Andalusia

Gcorgc W. Rarer, Jr. Huntsville S. Da8n<ll RlPNIl l-IlIllt ~vi lie

251h 26th 27th 26th 32nd

Edw;ud I'. ljrner, Jr. Chatom lerry L. Thorrnon Hayneville lynn Robertson lolckson Clayton Archlc T. ~, Jr. Selma john F. Dillon, IV AleXilndel City

n

PI,I( c ,3

)~h

Re maining Commissioners: Circuit lSI 2nd 3rt!

41h 51h 6th

PIKe , I

,,'" 341h 35th 361h 37th 381h

Nelson Vlnsoo Bowen H. Brassell n Carnes John Earle (ha)O(l William E. Hcreford John DllVld Knlllill WIlliam B. Manhcws William M. Bou~ln WIlliam O. Melton Oon R. Wh ite PtllUlp E. Mam\ Jr. John F. PrOCtor

H'IIII!lton Clly Aibeflvllle Bay M(nCllC 1'\:11 City Phenl~

C\llInI~n

O~.ark

Russellville ["""~

Moulton OpellkJ ScottsoorQ

•

W.I II(!' p. CfONnover

.

0""LCp -'-.-..n"CO·O."A""'''''''lIf_ .... _... _ co. "" ~A

TUKal~

PliKe n

John A. Owens ThKal~

8th 9th 10lh

AJ. Coleman William 11

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Place .1 PI;\cf: U f'lace U r'lace '4 PI')(f: .5 1'liKe M6 1)lace '7 PIKe '6

Jr.

Decil1ur Ft. Payne

Fran(ls H. H.lre, Jr. BilmlnghJm Michacl l. Edwards Birmingham J:ames S. Lloyd ijirmingham ThomllS Colem/III Birmingham Timothy L. Dillard Bilmingham Ollie L. Blan, Jr. Birmingham J. Milson Davis Hirmingham OrdYtan N. Jam~ Birmingham

B~semcr

11th 12th 131h

Cut-off George Hlg81nbotham Robel! M. I'HlI, Jr. loe C. Cassady PliKe '1 PI~e

1~lh

'2

lerry K. SIllman

Bessemer Fiofllllce Enttltprtse

Vlc:tOl' H. 8roo~

I.On. JI.

MObne G. Holmes Mobile Jasper

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plans ConroC! John H. Davis III , PhD, MAl , SRPA , ASA 4 Office Park Circle · Suite 304 • Bimlinghmn, Alabama 35223 P.O. Box 7633A • Binningham, Alnoom3 35253

(205)870·1026

15th

The Alabama Lawyer

217

Attorneys Admitted to Bar, Spring 1989 Richard Taylor Abbot, Jr. ........ Birmin8ham, Alabama John Archie Acker, Jr. .•.......... Bessemer, Alabama Kri sti D,lwn Ad cock .. . ............. Alhens, A/'loama Deborah Sue Ashe ............... She meld, A/'loama Garnett Henry Atchley, Jr. .. .. ... Birminghilm, A/abamil Jeffrey Ryan Barber ....... . ..... . Iackson, MissiSSippi Monroe Dykes Barber, Jr. .. " .. . Blrlllingham. AI.lbama Kenneth Alan Barlow, Jr. .... , .. . Birmingham, Alabama O.A. Bass·Ffllzier , , .. , .. , ... , . , ..•. Mobile, Alllbama Lois Lippert Beasley ...........•... W,lrrior, Alabilma StC!phanie Colleen Billingslea . ... Birmingham, A/abam,' WC!sley Haas Slac:ksher ..... .... , ... Mobile, A/"ballla Kathy Perry Brasfield ... . .. . ... Monrgomery, Alabama Gregory Keilh Burdine ......... . .. Florence, Alabama I.inda SUS.ln Burns ................. . Iasper, A/al)ilma Stewarl End Burns . , •.... , , , . , •• , , Gadsden, Alabama Ceorge William C.lmeron, III • , , . MOlllfjomcry, Alabama Venessa Vann Campbell ........ Montgomery, Alabamll I't(lrberl Byron e nrler, III .. , .. , .. Montgomery, Alabamll John Cregory Carwie .. . . . .......... Mobile, Alilbilm,l William Augustus Calot!, Jr....... . .. Decawr, A/ilbama W/tJidr"Tl Gamer Cheney, Jr...... , .. 1'lck50n, Mississippi Raben Ross Coleman .... , . . . . NorlhpOrl, Alabama J{lmes Thomas Corbett .... , . , .. , , Tuscaloosa, Alabama Christ Nicholas (oumanis ........... Mobile, Alabama Jarel1 Charle~ Crawford , ............ Mobile, Alabama WI:liam Z{lch<lfY Cullen , , •....•. Homewood, Alabama Deborah Davidson .. . ..... . ....... D.lphne, Alabama JOIn~ Ann Davis . . . . . ... . • , , Birmingham, AI.1bamli Annesley I-/cdg/S D~gllrls . , ... , . Pell City, Alabamil Robert Dean Drummond ...... . MOnlgomery, Alabama Tam~r,l Kaye Erskine ........ . . , Birmingham, Alabama Jane Faulkner Evans ............ Birmingham, Alabama John Millcom Floyd . , ...... , ..• Birmingham, Alabama Ri chard Lamar Ford .......... . Monrgomcry, Alabama Frances Crou ser f rench .... . ........ Auburn, Alabama Lawton Dale F\lller . .. . ... , . ..... Albertville, Alabama Ronald Ono Gaiser, Jf. .. . . .. . Birmingham, A/abam.l Joseph Jame~ Gallo ... . ....... . ... Daleville, Alaoam.1 Clark Sunon Gillespy .... . . ... . . Birmingham, AlAbama Marco Antonio Gonzalez . , ... . ..... Pclham, Alabama Laura Kat e Gregory .. , ••.....•.. Tuscaloosa, Alabama Wah er I.ee Gresham, III .. , ..... Birmingham, Alabama O.micl Alex~nder Hanniln , ••.. , ...•• Mobile, Alabama Donald Leroy Hansen, Jr. ..... . . . TU$ca/ooSil, Alilbilmil James Barretl Hawkins. . . . . Birmingham, Alabama Yvomle Anneu/! Henderson ..... Montgomery, Alab'lllla Fra nk Turner Hollon . .. . . .. ....... Fairhope, A/abam.l Gregory Norman Hopkins ....•. Montgomery, Alabama Larry Lamar Ingram ......... . ..• Tuscaloosa, A/abM'rla Sheil" Dianne Isbell ... , ...•. , .... Gadsden, Alabama

218

David RMdall Johnson .... . . B;rmingh{JM, Alabama Parker Colley Johnston ... . . . Coosa d), Alabama Charles larimore Jones ........•...••. Troy, Alabama Gregory Dwayne Jones ......... Birmingham, Alabama Michael Angelo Jones . , ....... , Birmingham, Alabama Lisa Milner Karch . . ............ . Alber/ville, Alabam,l Branch Donelson Kloc5S .... .. .. MOn!gomcry, Alabama Gk:r\ Lewis Krau$C . .... . .. ... . .. Nashville, Tenllf.m ee Archie Cleveland Lamb, Jr. ...... Birmingham, Alabama Ca therine Charlotte Larle , .. , ... Montgomery, Alab.1ma John Christian Larsen ... , ....... , J-I(J1l!5viIJ~, Alabama James Brooks Leach .. , .. , •.• , ... Tuscaloosa, Alabama Robert Edward I.ee .... , •.....• Birmingham, Alabama Bradley Darryl Long ............... Decawr, Alnbnma Peter John M<Jddcn . . . ........... . . Mobi/u, A/ab,lma Rol~ft Hugh Maddox . . ... .. . .. MOn!8omer'{, A/<lbama Patrick Dennis Mahaney. . . ... Mon!gomcry, Alabama Allee Howze Martin •. . . , ....... , . florence, Alabama John Donald McCullough ........ . Alpharellil, CeorlJia John Land McDavid ............. . /ackson, Miss issippi David Allen McDowell ............ Prallvll/e, Alabama John Crook Mclnnish .......... MOn/gomerl, Alabama O;miel Ax/ord M cKeever, Jr, . , .....• , Live Q,lk, Florida CL'Orge Allen Meighen, Jr....... . Birmingham, Alabama Steph en MMk Middleton . . . .... . Birnu'ngham, Alabama Keith Jay Nadler . . . . .. .. . .. Birmingham, A/aO,lma Keith David Obert ...... , ....... . Ia ckson, Mississippi Frantz Olivier ..............•• MOn!gomery, A/ab.1ltt)il James Francl~ Oros, Jr. ............... Leeds, A/ab.1lm.1l Stephen Ri churd Puuon .. ,., .. , .• , Columbus, Georgia Byron Renard Perkins ....•.•.•. Birmingham, Alabama Allen Dale Powell . . .... . .. , ... Birmingham, Alabama .. . .. . .. . . . Newn ~ n, Georgia Robert Keith Pri'lter Gene Teml)le Price .......... . . Birmingham, Alabama Wanda Bracy Rahrnan ... , , , , ..... Tlwodorc, Alabama Lloyd Bmuon Rainey, III ...... .. MMtgomffry, AlabAma Benjamin Chapman Reeves, Jr . . , ..... Eufaula, Alllbama Ri chard Andrew Rhea ............. Gadsden, Alabama Anthony Dale Riley ............. TuscumblJ, Alabama O wen EMI Robert~, Jr . .......... Birmingham, A/ab'lma MMy Roberts-Krau se . ........... N,lshville, Tennessee John Carhon Robertson .. . /a ckson, Miss iss ippi RolX!rt Stafford Robertson . . . . . HuntSville, Aliloama Faye Pous Rosenbaum ......... . .. Mllriclta, Ceorgia Sharma Jean Schacknow ..• , • , .... , . Mobile, Alabama Jon Rodney Sedlak ........ , ....... Dccalu', Alabama Andrew John Seg~1 .•.•• , . , .... MOn/gomery, A/abam.l Robert Wesley Shores ' . .. 8irminglliJm, A/ab,lm" William Lyle Shumway . , , ... .. . . Wetumpka, Alabama Dana Jill Slmpsor\ ..• , •. , ...... Birllling/11Im, Alabilma Julianne M.W. Sinclair , ... . . .... Homewood, Alabam,l

Shelly 10 Slate .................... Hoover, A/ab.1ma Rodger Mell Smitherman ........ Birmingham, Alabama Andra Oonell S~rk$ ........... Birmingham. Alabama GeorgI! Edson Spofford, IV ........ Tilllilhusee, Florida Carol Jean SunilU ............ . Montgomery. Alabama Jack Edward Swinford ............ Tallaooga, Alabama Oe<:ker l ewis Terry, Jr. " " " ' " 8irmlng/Hlm, Alabama l-IafVey Jerome Thompson , , , , , , , , , , MoultOIl, A/abamlJ John Pe rry r homp50n ,.,",., .. , .. ,Mobile, Alnbama David Mtldlson TidmQre .. . ... .. Birmlnghnm. A/.lbama Ma ry Stuart TIOUII ......... . ... Montgomery, Alabama Preston Similson Trousdale, Jr, . , .... Florence, Alabama Mark Bishop Turner , ......... , ,Culf Shores, Alab<Jma Robert l ee Turner ......... , ... MOfllgomery, Alabama Gcorge Michael Vaughn . . . . Nor!hpof!, Alabama John Seoll W~ddell ............ Birmingham, Alabama Kiuren Jay Walker . , ........... Birmlnsham, Alabama

Rlmdolph Barnes Walton ........ Birmingham, Alabama Call Crummie Washington . ......... . Chica80. I//ino;s Cary Owen Waters ..... .. ... . ... Riversldc, Alilbilma Robert Douglas Weathers, Jr......... Decatur, Alabama Terri lamilnda White ............ Alberfvl/lc, Alabama Debra Kay Wilkinson ,."", .. ,." .. Orlando, Florida Brill Sta nley Wilililms ' , , . ' , , , , , Montgomery, Alabama John Franklin Williams ... . , . , , , , . Memphis, Tennessee Norbert l'lershacl Williilrlls . . .. . . Montgomery, Alabama Daniel Mlllllfd Wilson . . ....... . . Huntsville, Alabama Jody l ynn Wise ...... , , ... , , , .. Tuscaloo$a, Alabama Lisa lynn Woods .. ' ... , .. , ..... Tuscaloosa, Alabama Greg Robert yates , ............ Birmingham, Alabama Suzanne Oatckin Yaym"n ....... Birmingham, Alabama Gladys Hu rt yelverton ............. , .. Elba, Alabama Robert Edward York, III .......... ScomOOro. Alabama Michael Kevin Young . . ... . . ... 8;rmln8hllm, Alabama

Spring 1989 Bar Exam Statistics of Interest Number silting for eKam ................................ ,.,.,',.,., ...................... , .... 202 Number cerlifed !o Supreme Court ...... • " • .•. •. .. " ....... . ... . .................•............ 135 Certlncation

r~te

... , .... , .............. . ..... . . . . • .. , ............................. , ........ 67'10

Certification percentages: University of AI3bama ... ", .... " . . ........ , .. , ... ,., .......... . , . ...... ... . .. . ... , ...... 91 '10 Cumberland . . .. .. . ... . ....... ,., ....... • ,., .. . ........ , .. . ... . . , . . ............. , ....... 76% Alabama nonaccredited lilw schools ...... , , , , .. . . , . ' ............•.................. • ........ 41 %

PLEASE NOTE: The Alabama State Bar's two FAX numbers are: Main office-269-1501 Center for Professional Responsibility-834-2780

The A/aoomll L.nvyer

219

220

SI.~Jlcmbcr

1989

Lawyers in the Family

/0

(/949/,

Shelly Slate (/989), Ralph E. SIDle Beth Stille Poc (l983)'~~::E:~: (/987) flrld Billy E. Cook, Jr. (1987) (adm/lice, fa/her, siner, siS ler III

Debr" K. Wilkinson (1989) and Pam~11l Wilkinson Tucker (1987) (.lelmiflee lind 5is lerj

Branch DOlle/soil 1<I005S (1989) Mel Lawrence I,. Klocss, Jr. (1956} (admillce and (ather) 221

5tewarl Burns (1989), 00u8/as Burns (1970) and Gllry F. Burn s (I 95B) (Ildmiu ce, cousin ~nd liuller)

Robert 1-I1/8h Maddox (l989) and Associate lu ~ licC! A/va Hugh Maddox (1957) (lle/millce and falher)

m

C. Item), Alc/JIcy, Jr. (1989) .md lohn R Tl1Clmlls, Jr. (1959) (lle/millce and falher路 jn./,lwj

September 1989

GreR 8urdlne (1989) ,1n(/ Bob Burdinc (1966) (.,dm/lll..'e ,md f"Owr)

O,w;d McDowcll (1969) MI(I T.O. McDowell, Jr. (1956) ("dm;l/ee lind falher)

RlchMd A Rhea (J 989), Clarencc F. Rile", (1946), JudSC Wi/liilm H, Rile", (1975) and Donilld R. Rhe.1 (1 981 ) (admtltef', {Mher, brolher and brolher)

223

Rober! W. Shorc) (1989), lamcs L. Shores ( 19S6) L.lura S. Shores ( J 988) (admitree, uncle and cousin)

juliann!) M. W. Sinclair ( 1989) and Winfield lames Sinclllir (19 78) (admiue<! .111(1 h(/sbilnd)

224

Rodser Melt Smirherm;HJ (/989) and Judge Carole C. SmirhcrnJiIn (1 982) (admirr ~ and wife)

Se/llembef 1989

ero'sc Will/lim C.'m('rOfl, 11/ (1989), CrorSC William C.'mcron, /r, (1950) lind /an'('$ wesley Cameron (1955) (lIdmiul,"C, father illld unclcJ

loon Donald McCullQU8h ( 1989), CroV(,f Slephen McLcod (1951) ;mel Ow('n Earl Robcrb, /r, (1989) (admrllee, fatllcr-in-Iaw!unclc, ildm/Ucc) 225

White Collar Crime and the Role of Defense Counsel

by P.lmcla H . Bucy

There Is whi te coliar crime in AI <Jb<lma <lncl ilt jells! some of it is being investi g<lt(.'(\ and prosecuted. For example, <l fedcml grand jury in Mobile recent ly (;h(l'Soo $(."Wn MC1bile bUSineSS and (i vic ICildc!'S whh rackc1eering. conspiracy, extortion, mall fraud arId obstruction of jUl;!IC!!.' A fcdcr~ l grarld Jury in Morl!· gomery recen tly returned 11l1lndictmcnt

charging three sta te Icgi silltors and onc former state le8i ~ la lo r with eXlOftion.l ln Sirminghilm, slale prosecutors recently conviCh',o(IlI Birmingh,lm attorn(.')' for 0(.'-

frauding an elderly elien!.'

M orOOVCr, If ,r(lli o nal trCn d s arc fol-

1()\.',IC(j while collar crime should rcccillC Increa si ngly asgressiYC al1cntlon from

federal and slale prosecutors In Alabama.

Since the mid·1970s pursuit of while col·

lar crime has been designated a top priority by federal and state prosecutors.

Currently, white collilr crime is dcscrilx.od as the "f"~ tes l Sn)'Ning ~ ubSl)¢(;i <lli l y in lilw:'~

Thi s article discusses the strategy for rl!11reScnting the bu s ine~5 client who has becomcthe target of <I wh ite co llar criminal investigation. M o~t targets of white collar criminal irlvcStigations h:.ve ran'! Iy had any prior in-.olvcment with the criminal Jaw, They have, on the o ther hand, often had subr.ran tia l contact wi th d villaw on issues such as labor relation s, business and individ u ~1 tilX and pension planninK,. drafting and negotiation of bu sIness contracts, The fi rst, and One of the most significant, things defense co unscl sh ould help a client re'llizc whe n thc dlent has become the targe t of a whi te collar crimin,l linvestigatiol', Is that this new legal problem is en1irely different from any legal prob lem with which the clien t has previou sly dealt, As wi th <lny legal p roblem, effective roproS(!ntation f'(!(juircs an apprt.'ciation of the f1dvcrsary's posi tion, Thus, sQ(tlon I of this article describes the unique natum of white co llar crime and the problems

Professor Bucy is an associaIC professor law at Ole Universit y of Alilbam" Schoo l of ( ,lW where 5he te,lche~ whire co llar crime, criminallilw and criminal procedure, From 11J8(H9B7 silt? served as ,In ,l $$isrdnl u.S. AI/Oriley In Sr, Louis, MiSSO(lri, wllef(! site sp(!Ciallzed ;n prosecu r/OM of whirl' collnr crime.

or

226

it presents for the prosecutor. Section II addresses various strategies defense Coun~1 should cOrisldef In rcprescntlng the white collar client who Is nO'N the targCt of a criminal Irwes1igation,

I. The nature of white (ollar c rim e: from the prosecutor's peNpcctivc W h ite collilf crime is decei t, concealment or deception COlllmit1~>d for economic gain hy professionals w ho <Ire in a posi tion of trust toward their vtctlms.!

White collar crime Is different from street crime In three major ways: (11 un· like the vi ctim of a street crime, the vi ctim of a whi te collar crime is often unaware that a crime has occurred, (2) white coll" r crinlr:S ijrc mQm difficult to investigate than street Crimes, and tll white collar crimes involllC and «!Iate to civil law to a r'l'lu Ch greater ex tent than do street crimes,' The vi ctim of 1\ white collar crime often is unaware that a crime has been committed or Ihal he or she is the victim of a crime, Primarily thi s is due to the posi tion of trust whi ch lhe puta tive defendiln t holds toward the victim . Becau se of this posi tion of trust, the victim, w ho In other contexts is careful ar1d attCr)\IVI"! toward bu siness transactions, filils to become susp icious when eXl>osed 10 signs of irregular ,letivily, BV compari ~n, of course, the victim of street crime is vcry aWitre therl he or she is Ihe vtcti m of a crime: one cannot h!!ll) bu t notice thaI she has been assaulted or that his car has be!:n stolen, Thi s lack of awareness by th e vtclim of ~ whi te COIiM crime contribllles to the

Seplember 19B9

second ChM<lCltlri Slic of white collar crime which distinguishc!i It from street crime ; while collar clinic Is difficult to Investigate and prtM.'. This 15 for seYet<l1 rea~ns. first, because the unaware vic· tim Is not gathering evidence or even alertinl:j law enforcement tha t till offense has OCCurrl!(1, moSI while collar invcslig3tion s attempt to recon struct ~nts which occurred months. ~n yea rs before. Sec· ond, usually these events arc not straigh tforward. but are complex tr.tnS<lC·

Tlw AlilbilnJ.1 LlIwVer

lions compo~ of many steps and io· volvlIlg many p.lrticipants and docu· menlS. Third, such crimes arc often hid· den within an org.lnilillion ;lJld 11 is n(!C· essary 10 pierce the bUfCaucratic structure of the org<lniltnlon to decipher who (lid whtn and who knew what The third major d fference betW()en streel clime and white collar crime is Ihilt white collar crime blJ fs the dlstinclion between ci vil am;! criminal law. This Is because the same facts whi ch give rise

to the crim inal acti on often .1150 HI\/!! rise to civil or adminiStrative action s. For examl>le, the criminal trial 01 a he.l lth care provider may involve Ihe 5ame lIets (or which I),l tients of Ihm provider have civil malprilcllcl' C.lu ~es of lIellon. The t rim· Inallrial of a buSinC'isperson m.IY involve the same COntracts or business deals (or whi ch clients oIlhe bus in~sperson have tort or brc.1Ch of contra" actions. The enHlnccr or arch itect who has bero con· victed of criminal (rJud chargl'S may lose

227

his or her professional license after ad· mlnistrative hearings.

The fact thill viable civil remedies ex· iSI for the victim of white collar crime or for governmental agencles which oversee <I defendallt's activity Is significant for a defense counsel. Th~ crimina l tria l presentS ,1 fruitful discovery opport unity for the civil plainliff who 15 suing. or m"Y suc, the crimin.1 ddendam. While advall\i1g1.'OU5 to thc civil plaintiff, the ex· posure On civil claims which a criminal trial PfOVldcs c~n be dev,1Stating to the criminal/civil defendant . Pa ft of defense counsel's iob ill effectively represcntillg thc white collar criminiliis to limit this exposure.

Also, ddense counsel ~hould be aw'lfe that the t-'xi stence of civil remedies for VICtims of whiw collar crime affects the exerclse of prosecUlOllal discretion . Prosecutive and Judlci,,1r('lIourccs arc limited ill1d expending rllesc resources 10 pursue one case neces~arily mCiln~ other cases will ncvcr be in\'csTig.ltcd or prosecuted.

As a g.ltekeepcr to these resources, the l)rosecutOl will consider the availabili ty ci civil rcmedi~ for victims In dKiding whether to I)UfSLJe a crl mll11'll case, ('Ven when "II elernentSof the crimi nal offerlsc ca ll be proven. When the case Involves only one or a few victims who are callilble of pursuing civil remedies the ch'lnces that prosecUl lon will be de(:lined iHe better Than when the (:aSfl involves many victims, none of which af(! cognil'1!l1 of or c.lpablc of I)ursulng Ihelr elvll remedies. The ct lmlnal defense counsel should auempt to convi nce" prosecutor Ihat prosecu tion Is i'lppropri. ately declined in fJVOr of civil remedies. tn shorl, while the white (:ollar criminal (:asc presen~ unique problt'llls of in· vestlgation, IJroci and judgment for pros('Culors, it also presen ts SI)(!(I"I 0llpor· turlltles for defense courlsel.

II. ReprC5cnt ing th e client w ho has become th e target of a white col· lilr criminal investi gatio n Because of the unique char,}cter of whi te (:oll;lf (:time, defense (:ounsel Ciln and should playa more Importilnt role in the pre-indictment stage of th e w hite collar Clime tha~ is CuStomary In the PfeIndlctr'l'ler1t stage of the strC<!t crime. Defense counsel for the larget of a white (:ollar criminal irwestigiltion should get

lovolved In the gr,lOd jury or ilgem:y investigation, help ilscertain whal ~t on, and put the fac::ls in the most favorable light for the elient. Defense counsel's goal at this Stilgc is to cOlwlnce the pros{,'cutor Ih"t there Is no crime Involved. or if there is, thaI COU'lsel's ellent has no crlmlnalliabiHty. Such il goal is not un· re,'listic. Becoluse ohhe difficulties In investig.lling while rollar Climes many grand jury investigations. which arc In· itiated UI>On legitimate and concrete susI)ielon of illegality, terminate when a more complete undersTilnding of the (ilClS indlc,lte that no criminill o(fcnse 0(:cuned. Obviously, defense (:ounsel should milke ~ry effort to f,lelli tate Ihis resolution sin(:e, rc~ listlCil ll y, once the dient hilS ~n Irdicted, hreparable damage has been done. Even If an ac· QUlII;,1 i ~ WOIl latcr, thc taint to a I)rofes~lol1al'~ rel)uta tlol1, the public disclosure of Improprieties which 1ll1lY alerl lJOtential dvll l)lilinti((5, and the considcrable OnMclal and emotional expcnse for a client who underg~$ a lengthy cnminal trial, n~r can be rf!pJlrcd or regained.

1988-89

ALABAMA STATE BAR DIRECTORIES

$15.00 SEND CHECK ALONG WITH ORDER TO: ALABAMA BAR DIRECTORY P.O. BOX 41 56 MONTGOMERY, AL 36101

However. failing Ihls optlnlal outcollle, defense counsel still can ac::hlcve substantial damage con trol for the indkled dient.

A. Grand jury subl)()ella duccs tecum Tilrgets of a grand jury or agency investigation, as well as businesses operated by the t,uget, sometimes receive subj)OCnae du(:C'S tecum whl(:h fC(luire production of voluminous weords which at1! privileged andlor t.'Sscnlial to the (on tinued QI)Cral lon of the tarSm's busil1csscs.

Defense counscl should carcfully assess the wl vllegc Issues raised by such subpoenac and ensure tha t privileged rn a· terial is not produced, by fil ing illJPropriale motions to quash ;vld carefully excluding privileged material from any documents w hich are produ(:ed.

The flflh anlendrnen t privilege fCgard.

Ing thc act of production as well as the contCrm of the records may be asscncd by an Individu.1l.targct,1 The fifth amend· ment privilege as 10 the act of production but not ilS to the conlCn t of business records, may be as~rted by il sole proprietorship.- NO fifth <lmendment priviIcgc m,lY be asserted by corporations or partncrshlps as 10 either the act of production or con tents of business record s.'

Other privileges which may be asserled In the typical white collar criminal invcstig.ulon lndode attorney<llent, attorney work'product, spousal and physicianpmlcnt.

Evcn If privi lC!gc Issues are not raised, compliance with subpoenae duces t('Cum may be extremely difncult for the dienl who fleedS the records requested to opera te its business and file i~ tax returns. Defense c(XlI1scl may be able 10 alleviate some of the burdcn of subpoenac duces tecum <lddresscd to client· targct, howcvcr. it may not bo 5 tr,~tcgic .. l1'1' wise to file a 1I10tion to Quash the gr.md Jury subpoena on t1e ground Ihat (:onlpliance wi th it is burdensome. This is for two reasons.

First, rare ly will such a motion to quash be gfilntt.'Cl. Generally It is nOT necessary fOr the grand lur~' to make :my showing of re levancy or 1ccd when is· sui ng ;1 subpocna,!O and it Is difficult 10 prove that a subpoena Is extremely bur. densome.!!

Second, I7t filing a motion to quash defense counsel do~ the door on what SC/l wmber 1989

can be {,)(lfemely helpful to l'ffectiYe preindictment representation of the r;lientt;lI'get: Open lines 01 communication with thc prosecutor.

Tu this cnd the burdensome subpoena shou ld he viewed as an opporturllty which defense counsel should seize to begin Icarning about the inveslig.:llion, Upon receipt oj such a subpoena, defense counsel should contact the I)rosl.'Cutor handing the Investilption, explain the I>foblems th3t compllancc wilh the subl)O(!na creat~ for the client-tMgCt, and pursue avenues by which the gf.1nd jury CNI get the Informmion It needs with as little disruption to client's business <IS l)()Ssible, There ate usu.ll1y many less disruptive possibilities, such as making COllies of the subpoenaed records or arranging a more flexible schedule for 1)10duction. More likely than not the prosecutor is nOl ~p(,>(i fi citlly aware, untU defense cou nsel explains how and why, that compllanct with the subpoena is burderlsorllc. G4>nerally, the prosecutor who is ('l(perienced in white collar crimInal hl~St igations will be willing to honor defense counsel's request (or accommodation when there is no disruptiOn to the grand jllry's investig.:1tion, The proseclltor's willingness to be ac· commodatlng is not the function of a pleas.lnt l:Ief5OfIalily, but a mailer of judgmcnt. As any e~perienced prosecutor knows, the inves'i8<11ion of a white collar crime rnily termin(lte without any indictments, or without Indictments of aU targels, A~lde (rom fundamcnwl fai rness, a prosecutor who routi nely handles grand jury white collar 1~!igMioos will no! wan! the court which SUjX!fvises gr;Uld jury matters to sense that there is a 1),111e(l\ of issuing unnecessary bUldfflsonle grOlrld jury subpocnae.

In conclusion, by negotiating .111 <Ie· commodation on production of subpocnal'<l records with the I)rosecutor, dl" fense counsel obtilins two advantagCi. The cllem's mon ~ and counsel's time is not used on litigating an unsuccessful motion to quash but is saved for the more slgnlfic.lnl steps which lie aheild . More Iml>OftOlntly, however, by discussing the options for production ;md reaSOr\s why or why not such options are workable from the PrOSl'Cutor's ~t;lndpoln t , defense counsel begins to acquire cssentiiil insight into the criminal investigation and rll!! Alabama Lilwyer

cli!!n1's perceiVf.!(l role in the tr.msactions being Investigated.

S, Grand jury wilnesses The government probably will present a number of witnesses to the grand jury.

UCCOlUSC in a white collar crlmlnallrM:!Stig.lIion these witnesses often will Ix> empl~s or business associates of the client.target, defense counsel may know in advance who the grand jul)' witnesses arc. There are serloui conflict of interest Ilmblems for counsel who Is rel)rescnting the client-Ia rgct 10 ~Iso rcpresent such wltnesses.'l Moreover, even If deferlse cOUllsel docs nOt umrescnt these witnl'Sses but is given the OI>Portunily 10 speak to Ihe witnesses before or after their grand jury aplX'lr<lnce, there could btl I)()tential obstruction of justice" Of OIidlng Md abetting perjury'· I>roblems for counsel if the witness l>crccives, or If In fOlct COunsel, howl.w ¥ Inadlll:!rtentIy, th reatens the witness or suggests testimony (or the witness. T,1king c<lfe to avoid these ptObl~s. howcYCr, it is possi. ble when the witness is willing (or defense counsel 10 speak with gf.lnd jury witnesses before and after their apl>c,1rance in the grilnd jury and thereby furIher ascertain where the Investlgallon Is going, on what and whom It Is fOCUSing, and what weak points exi$! In the criminal ca~.

Under some ci rcumstance<; defense counsel should consider requesting thill thtl grand jury heal exculp.1tory witnehes. USII<1 Uy, Ihe government Is under no obllg.1tlon to present C)((UIP.l tOry testimony to the grand jury." HoweYCr tt.c prosecutor generally will agree to put such witnesses Into tile grand jury, for by doing SO he gets a look at ddense wit· nesSt.'S and defense Iheory. This striltegy is risky for Ihe grand jury target and should be undertilken only when defense counsel is certain of two things: (1) there Is ~tlll a question whether the client-target will be indicted and thus, that such ICSlrr'nOr'ly nay make a djffer· ence, and (2) the testimony of such witnesses COl li only help th!! client-target.

To be certilln of these two points defense counsel mUSI hJVC <l cleOlr Idea of where the in~ti 8<1t ion Is going lind what the government ~rcl'ives 10 be the weak I>oints in the ~rnmenl'S case. DisastetS can easily happen if defense counsel is not fully cognizant 01 the Investigation's

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scope. For example, testimony which seems Innocuous regarding the trans.1Ction ill Issue "'ay inculpate the clienl when the grand jury views this testimony In light of other evidence of which defellse counsel is unaware. Or, defense counsel may believe Ih"t the Investigation Is focusing on cenai n tra nsactions "nd in fact the witness can provide excul patory testimony on these transac· tion5, but unknown to defense counsel thl! grand jury also is focusing on additional tr~n~Clions, and tcstlmony by this same witness may inculpate the cllenttOlrge! on theSe other lran>.lctlon5.

The most risky witness for defense counsel to allow tu testify before the 8r.1nd Jury is the clienl-laliel. By testify. ing the target will, realistically, expose himself to potential t>Crjury charges.

Also, the target who testln~s will reveal the dcfensu th uory, give the proseculor illl OPl>ortunity to CVilluate the targel's ;tbilities as a witness, and possibly may wilive privileges 10 which the target is otherwise entilled, Onl)' jf defense counsel Is (1J1ly cognIzant of the investigation's scope ilnd confident that the t(lf229

gel'~ ;lppearJncc before the grand jury will have a good chance of l>ersu(lding thc gr,lnd jury not to indict, should deferue counsel illiow the clienl-larget to testify before the grand jury. Wry rarely will illl of these circumstances exlsl.

In conclusion. defense cOurlsel should tread carefully .... Ith fCgard to witnesses al>lX!arlng before the grand jury. Defense counsel may be 1IWJfC of i1nd h;ave access 10 wi tnesses ca lled by Ihe govern ment to aplX!ar before the grand Jury. Briefing Md debriefing these witncsses can prO\llde essen tial insight for defense counsel In· to the parJmcters of the IOYCStig;uion, but can also creatc cthical and legal problems for defense covnsel. Whereas defense counsel can proffer exculpa tory witnesses. including the ta rget, fOr the grand jury this too is fraught wi th such seriou s potential problems thaI the risks rMllly ou tweigh the berleflt.

C. ReSlilution Ensuring thaI the clIenl-larget makes ll.'Stitutlon can !leone of the most shrewd and adv.lntag(!()Us strategies defense counsel can suggesl to the dlent.

One option is to make fe5titution as soon as possible after the invest/gali()n begins. To use this tactic severJI cond l· tions must cKlst. First, Ihe case must be onc whllrc the gland jury or prosecutor is strugKling eve/ the (IUes tion whether the tr;msaction(s) at Issue involves crimi· naillability. Only when defense counsel has an Informed and complete knowledge of the Inl.lestigation can counsel assess whether thi s is true and whether restitution may affect the decision to In· dict. Second. the clienl·target must be willing to admit civil liability. Third , the amount of restilution at Issue must be ascerta inable and finite. Obviously, defense counscl should not expose the cllen t.target to cildiess, good faith or bad faith, civi l c lalm ~ fo r restitutio n. last, it is cssentiJI in making such restitution thatthc dient. while cQntedi ng dvillia· bility, cxplldt ly dis<MJw criminal liability.

Once restitution has been made, defense counsel should request that such facts be presented to the grand jury. Thi s restitut ion lactic can h<lv(! a poy.terful psychologiCJI Impact not only on Ihe gfJnd jury bvt ,llso on the prosecutor. An cxperienced prosecu tor knows how dlf· flcult It Is to WJlk Into a courtroom and convi nce a Jury o r ludge Ihat there Is 230

criminal liability in Many w h ite colla r cases. This difficulty Is compovndcd when the defendant has repaid all the money al issue to all the alleged vldims.

Moreoo.<er; often the SEntence given 10 the convicted white colla r crim inal consists only of restitution, fines and minimal jail lime. If any. Thus. (!v(n when a prosecu· lo r Is persuaded that criminal liability ex· ISIS, resti tution by the tJlKet may convince a prosccv tor thill c rim inal Justice resources are better Sl~nt pursuing other defendilnts.

Evcn after a client has been Indicted. plead s guilty or is convicted after a trial (but nOI ~t sen terletd), restitution may be adv.lntagoous in one major respect: it ITh"lY w<ud off impt'isooment. The rationale of this strategy 15 two-fold : (1) the court mil)' be so fallOrilbly imp ressed by the defendan t wh o lakes the In ltlatlvc to make restitution that It does no t Impose a senlcnce of Imprisonnlent. and (2) there Is. generally. nothing to lose since the sentences of many whi te collar criminals Include reslltut on anyway."

O. Negotiation of a pica of g uilty It may be wise to negotiate the plea of guilty prior 10 ind ictment if defense counsel is a'NJfe o f the progress of the grand jury inve~t i8il lion an d Is certa in tha t cllent.ta rget will be Indicted. Such an agreeme/l l works as fo llows: If the prosecutor Indicates tha t It Is likely that the cllent·target will be Indicted on. for eXJmple, 20 {i-..e-year felony coun ts, an agreement could be reached wherein clIent·ta rgel waives IndiCtment and is charged by information on only two fel· ony counts. with the understandinglhal clien t-target will plead gu ilty at {urd/gn. mem to both counts By using Ihls procedure client·targel foregoes a number of constitu tional ~nd procedural ri ghts including thc chance to file pretrial motion$, H ()'N(.'Y(lr, thi s procedure is advantageous to a d eferldall t because It limits publicity, c rim inal cui. pabili ty, trial (!?(penses, Cllposure to crlm· inal fines and Imprisonment, and emol ional trauma. By minimizing publicity and cri minal cu lp;lbility, defense counsel also minimi;l!es the opport unity for civil plainti ffs to learn of their caust.'S of action and for exiSl ing. or futu re, civil plaintiffs to use the crimln alttlal as a discovery device or the criminal \Crdict as cOllillerJI es to l>pel.

Because nlOlny white collar defendants are professional s who ho ld professiorlal Iicen5es, defense counsel should be especially aware of varlou. licenSing requirements when negotla'ing the number o r type of charges to which a client will pleJd. For eXJIlIj)II1, physicians, chiroprac to rs and other I>'actitioners of the healinK arts automatica lly lose their licenses upon convi<;tion for a (cIOilY. bu t lose their licenses otlly for misdemeanor convictions which Involve violJ tion of controlled substances laINS or which reflect on Ihe practitloncr's ~billly to CMe for patients." By comparison, archi t«\s in Alabama lose their licenses for any felony or misdemeJnor convidlon which Involves moral turpitude.11 Anomey5 automatically lose Ihelr licenses for the conviction of a felony but only for con· victlon of mi sdcmt:<1I1ors which inllOl...-e mOr,ll turpitudc.l~ Civil engineers lose their Ilce llses for certain act5 of fr,lud , rt... g.l rdless of w hether the acts Me felorries or misdemCilnors.w Nt.'(!dless to say, when deJling wi th a client who faces professional disciplinary aclion. defense counSt:1 should endeavor to negotiate a plea of guilty to charges which jeoPilfdh:e professional credenlials as IUl le as possible.

A pre-indictment plea agreement Is advan tJgeous to the governme nt bec(luse the govcmment will know, prior to indict· ment. that II will not Ilt.'t.od to prcl><lre a complex, timc-consumingcase for trial.

Since muth 01 too prt.'P'lration for a white collar criminal Irlal Is necessarily done priOl" to indictment such an agreement is a favorltc of prosecutors specializing In white collar crimes.

It should be eml>hasizcd, hCJY>'l'\lCr, thJI a pre-indiclment negotlati()n of a 1)lei! of gui lty is :lPl>ropriate only when defenSt: counSel Is fu lly ilWJle of the con ten t and sta tu s of grand jury lr\Ve~tigil ! ion. whcn there arc no significant issUf!S which may be successful for a defcndanllf raised hI prelrial motion". and when a pica at guil. ty Is otherwise apl>rOpriale U.c" Ihe defendan t can honestly admit gllill).

Once .1 client has been indicted. defense counsel has lost the ol)portuni ty 10 bargain on Ihe number or SubSf;1nce of thi! o((cnW with which th e clien t.IJrgct Initially will be charged, but a plea of guilty still retains all the advant.lges to a dcfcildallt of a pre-lndldmen1 plea of Scptcm~r 1989

guilty, and tnc defendant retains the opportunity 10 rai se Issues In pretrial motions.

e.

The trial In many ways there arc more similarities between civi I trials and white cottar crlmlntlltrials th.:an there arc I>ct'oYCCn tne criminal tri(lls of Street crimes and criminal trials of white cottar crimes. Tne logistics. lengtn and some of the l!Yi~n­ tlary bS UM of Ihe while co ttar criminal trial will be slmtt ~r 10 a dvil trlal. Primarily Ih is Is due to the documcnttlry nature of the cvldence In the white co tta r criminal Ctlse. There witt be 'lQluminous exhibits and lengthy exhibit lists, detailed stipulations and maO'( custodian wit· nesscs or other witnesses whose testi· monial function primarily Is Interpretation of documents. The L..... idemlary Issues associated with dvcumcntary and complex fln.lnclalttan$<lctions will be similar to a dviltria l: aulhenticmion, hearsay ex· ceptions for records, summary exhibits, summary witnesses, chartS and expert wltnc~ses.

~rylhing eKCepl criminal Intent. Using

this approach, defense counsel argues that while defendant did the aC1S alleged, and may l'\I(!n be gui ty of civil fraud, defendant did not have criminal intent ilnd Is notgulhy of cri minal fraud . SIJch a defense usually analogizes defendilllt's acl ion 10 thm taken by other participants In the triln~ctio n5 at issue or 10 CUSlomary dealings i n the defendant's busl· ness, arguing that the defendant's a(:tions wcro within acceptC(l, and allowed, para· meters of conduc\.

A variation Oil this defellsc also admits thill the acts alleged took place but ilrglJes there 15 no crim inal Intent because defendant was "confused" by the factual scenario or by ilppllcable law.

With this d<.ofense, counsel argues thaI the laws. rules, regulOitions or transactions at Issue were confusing to the defendant, ilnd any cr1mlnOil violation was due to the defendant's confusion ra ther than to a criminal intent to defraud. It enhances the jury's empathy w,th the defendanT if dtolt!nse counsel can confuse the presen· tatlon of the government's case.

Both of these defenses can be poYIer· ful and successful, or border on intoffeetive assistance of counsel. A deft'!nse counsel who 1$ experienced In crim inal fraud cases is best able 10 walk Ihls line.

F. The pre-sentence report The 1>re-5Cntence report Is prepared by the probation olfice for the sentencing couri and contains blosraphlcOlI I!.nd social Information "oout Ihe defendant, details about lhe offcose and infonnalion on the harm suffcn.'(! by the victims of the offcnse.l l Effcctive Input into thi s presentence rellOr! by defense counsel is imjX'rative, Defense counsel should suppleml!nt thIs pre-sentence report with as many mcanin8ful Iclte(5 01 SUPllOrt for the cllenl as possible. These letters can CQ01C from ilnyone who knq,ys ~ n d is able to say good Ihll1gs about dlent. Community leaders, pastors or priests, co-workers or employers, neighbors, social friends and family can prO\lide lettcrs which may fa-...orOlhly impress Ihe sentenclns court.

Scores of detl!.iled letters ~ people who

In S(!V(!ral Significant respects, hOWt.~r,

11m crlm!rI,11 trial is different from Ihc civi l trial. Bccau ~e crimintll cases take priority over civil matters. Inc docketed crimlnill tri al generally will I)roceed 10 trial more quickly than will docketed civil cases.'1 Moreover. riltely will there be depositions of sub$talltiye witnesses in lieu of PCfSOnill appearances, and thefl;l will be less f()lia nce on subst,lntl\1! stipu. lation between the jlilftles, In additiOn. hearsay which Is not usuillly admitted In a civil maliN may well be admiued in the criminal mailer as a statement of a co-conspirator. The Federal Rules of Evi· dence (FREI do not, of course, limit use of co<On$piriltor statements to criminal mllttmsU but, pr~ct lcally speaking. the cri minal plaintiff is more accuSlomed ,md able to collecte...idence SlIPpor!lng admission of co-conspirator st.1tements thiln is the civil plaintiff. L15t, again because 0( the resources 0( the crim inal plaintiff. it is more likely that FRE 404{bl l"'idence (other cr,mes. wrongs. acts) will be collccted, intrcduced ilnd adnlhted in criminal trials than In civil trlol s.

Aside from evidentitlry issues, another imllOrttlnt difference belween civil trials and white collar climlnal trials is the type of defense olten employed In the criminal COise. A STandard defense concedes

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counsel and cHen!. I-lOW(....cr, as this MI· cle h.'!s anemptcd to poin t o ut, also because of Its uniquely hybrid and complex nature, the crimina l white coltar C<lS(! presents spcci<ll oPl>ortunities for eldensc co\tn sel to effec tively and sUl;ci?Ssfully rel)r1lsen t the cli ent who f,l CI!S pOlcntlal • crim inill Ii .. bility.

played, the complexllY of the tran sac· tions at issue, Ihe genuine que$ti()n whi ch often arises as to whether the tr<lnsaCllons involve C1imin;llli;lbility, and the Iype of clients ~prl!$Critc.>d by defense ,oun ~1. In these r£!!llects it !'£!scrnbles the civil cas£! and yCtlt s c riminal nature Cr1l.'!tes SI)(!clal hazards, boTh for defense I

obviously and sincerely continue to CilllJ abou t (and trust) the defendant rarely fail to make a favorJble Impression.

II may <llso be helpful , wi th the rlghl cl ien t, for Ihe cl ienl 10 submit a letter 10 the court in Ihe pre·sentence reporl. It may be less trilllm.lIi c for the d efend,tn t to cbmmuniCilte with the sentencing judge In Ihis marIner than through the other OptiOl1 giYell a defendant, spcakingln open courlat the sel)[encing hear· ing, To be effective In any posloConvictlon SlillemcnlSor lellers, however, the dcfen· dilnt should be contrite, <ldmit filu h and dcscrii)(: thl! ilng\lish (Ind !,(Iin whi ch the defendant, and his or her f~mily, h~ s al ready suffered because of th e publici ty and elllbarr.lsSmenl of Ihe criminal charges and conVIClioll. The convicted defend"nl who insists on dCllylng guilt or blaming others is beller of( not com· Illunicating w ith th e sentencing court,

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Co.s':

1990 A TLA S E MINAR

5850.00 per person based on 2 people In iI hotel room 12 double beds or queen be<:! with sofa -sleepcrl. $725.00 per person based on 4 people In a Kina Suite 12 double beds or queen bed In one room - sofa-sleeper or Murphy Bed In adlolnlng rooml,

S 175.00 Seminar Reglstriltlon fee flncludes contlnentill The "Iabama TrIal Lawyers Association Invites you to att end Its 1990 Mnual Ski Scmlnar In Crested Butte, Coiofildo. Now Is the time to mark your calendar and send In your registrat ion, Crested Butte Is a tOO-year old Western mining town with wide streets, smiling people, pure air and a horizon dominated by a dramatic granlte-knuc;kled fist of a mountain. Crested Butte Is truly the rea l westl While the quaint. Victorian mining town atmosphere has been preserved In Crested Butte, three miles up the road you will lind the mountai n Is a modern slope-side ski village. "t Crested Butte Mou ntain Resort , II lifts serve 827 acres of skIIng - Including the WOrld famous North Face.

On thc mountai n and downtown thcre 's snappIng. dlnln, and entertainment , with a free shuttle linking the ski area to the town. Crested Butte hos everything you need to make your " .E...... vacation enloyable and complete.

breakfast dally at morning edlJCiltlonal sessionS!.

Pal/me"' Scliedule: $350.00 per person minimum deposit due Immediately to iuarMtce your space on thi s trip: balance due November 1St. This pilyment schedule must be complied with In order for our !.ssoclaUon to iuarantee the red lJCed hotel and charter rates. " late fee of $100.00 pel person will be applied II payment schedule Is not met .

r----- -- --- - --, ATLA 1990 Ski Seminar March 10-17, 1990 Reservation Form

~m'

___________________________

Addres.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Accommoda" o"s: PartICipants will stay at the beautiful Crilnd Butte Hotel which gives you the comlons of a COndominium and the convenience of a full service hotel. Each unit 15 equipped with a kitchenette. private bakony. lacuzzl bath , cable TV and In-room movies.

City, Slate, Zip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __

'The Cr.nd autte Hotel Is • ski-I" . J~lo()UI I.dllty Ioc.I.d.I lhe bI>e 01 the j~ III..,. I" MI Crnl" IkIne

My check IncludeS!

Make checks payable 10 ATlA and mail 10 Jeanie Mclain al 770 Soulh McDonough St. Suile 215.

Monlgomery.

Al 36104

Telephone Social Security Number($) _ _ _ _ _ _ __

$350,00 deposit per person lor person(s) $175,00 seminar registration lee per attorney lor I would like to reserve:

€lnorney(s)

___ Hotel room(s) with (please circle one) 2 double beds I queen bed with sola-sleeper _ _ King sulle(s) I understand that any payments made will not be refunded unless the paymef1t Is recouped Irom another, SigOod

------------••••••.-'1L ~,, ___________ _ _J

aw: What You Do Not Know Can Hurt You and Your Client

by Karon 0, Bowdrc

N~m OOr

Dateline: ATLANTA. The AII.lI1la district

forceme n! sta ir 'nlm ciKh t inVt:sllgll'

ployt.'C hired after

oUice of the ImmlsrJt ion and N.J-

tors a year ago to 20 hwcslig.uors. AI· though the Atlant~ o ffice has the fewest number o f investigators o f th e eight INS d istr icts, the AIIanta district r.mks second n.. ,io n.lll y in th e dmounl of fi nes levied, and the nunlber of fines for hiring vio l.ltions and pilp·crwo rk v iolations.'

il United Sliites ci l lzen or an <llIenleg<llIy ilulhoriZM to work. The civ il and crimInal filles Imposed for knowing emp loymelll 01 an unauthorized ~ Iien or for (ail· ure 10 comply with the "p<lperwQrk requ irements" can be COSI ly.

The Ninth Circuit Court of APIX'ais recently be<.'ame the first court to rev iew sanctions Imposl.'fi 011 an cmployl!f in a contested procl!l'fiing. In MCSl(!r Manu(ac/uring v. INS, _ F.ld _ (9th (Ir, No. 88·7296, June 1), 1989), the court affirmed the Imposition by an ad· mlnlStr.lllve law iudge of civil Ones of SSOO each on six counts of knowing em· I)ioymcnt o( un;1ulhorizcd aliens. The court also rejL'Ctl.od a challerlge 10 the constitutionality of IRCA. llllVYCrs must be prep;!red to advise their business clients concerning com pli· an ce wl lh IRCA (illY :lnd whal to do when the INS pays a visit. IndividuallilwVCrs ,lnd IImlS illsa mllS\ be tertilin o( their (M'n tompliance with IRCA. This ar· tlc le IYili examine the most ~18nlflcant I)rovisions o f IRCA appll cClble to employers-the ~papcrwo rk" re<ll1lremC!lts, employer 5.1nClio !IS for hiring Illegal aliens arId the antl~lscrlmlnation provisions.

IRCA and INS regul:ltiom are complex and no attempt Is made 10 provide an ex· h.1USlive analysis. The act Md tNS rt.'8u la. tions ~hould be consulted by the practi. tioner faced with Interpreting and applying IRCA in il specific situation.

tur,llilarion Service (INS) has issued thirt y-two lIotices of intent 10 rim! eml>loycrs '01 violations of the Imm;· ~ r,llion Reroml and Control Ac t of 1986 (lRCA). Thol' Act requires all cmploycr~ to keep;1 fl'Cord of the citizenship ~ ldluS of their new empIOYl'l'S and prohibits the knowing employme nt 0' un.lUlhorillod aliens.

The fines levied In Ihe Atlanta dis-

tricl, which Includes Cl.'mgia, Ala· boulld, Sou th Carolina ,lnd Nort h Carolina, totalled $349,550 as of MMCh J, 1969.

ThI:lmi15 Fischer, the Allanta diStrict dirt.'clor, makH no bones tlml the INS is in a p lHUC of Sh.'IlIK!d ' UII enforce-

ment . lhe oWee has Increase<1Us en-

Wily should an dlt()rrlCy in Aldbama be concerned with immigration lawr The answer should be obYious. The hnmigralion and Naturalization Scrvlce di strict office in Atlanta has become zealous In itS l'nforcement of thE' Immigr,l[i()fl Reform and Con trol Act of 1986 (lRCAV Many Alilbdma I;u sl ne s~s are stili Ignorallt of the fact th ai every employer Is now IC<lulrcd 10 verify that each em-

Karon a Bowdre 8f,ldU,1/cd from Samford Univ<'f5i!y ~nd Ctlmberlanci School of LaIY. She sc'vccl ,n a laIY clerk /0 I. Fey Cuin, Ir., leekrJI IudS!! for the Northern DI5lrict of A'abama. 8O\vdre I~ 11 meml.>cr of the BirmmshJm firm of Rivc) &~ler50n.

234

6, 1986, Is

5cp:cmbef 1989

Overview of IRCA Concerned w ith the Increasing problem of Illegal i1liens in this country, Coo· gf'C5S 1)<ISSlod Ihe ImmigJ'i1tion Reran'" and Control A1..t of 1986, often referred to as " IReA." The most sweeping immigrilti on ,Ict of the century, IRCA Is ;11 on(;e ala· bor 1,1W, ,m Immigration law, il civil rights Iorw and a de faCIO statement of U.s. for· eig!\ policy. Oneol the most widely public ized aspects of IRCA was the 0PPO'tunlty It g:1vt! iIIcgill immlgf,1nts to IcgaU,w thclr statu s through the one-time only amnesty process. The ilml1l.'Sty provi sion Wil S aPI>!lc,lblc only to individuals who could prove that they lIIegally en· telL'" the United States prior to ll'll'luary I, 1982, and wI'() met certain other requirements. In l.'(Cess of 1.7 million 1Ii>" pliC.ltiOIlS for leg.llizolIlon were filed before th e May 4, 1988. dcadlinl'. As o(\he

end of February 1989, INS has appra.-ed 1.3 million appli(;(ltions and denied 33,000 requeStS for legalization. IRCA also est,lblishcd II similar progJ'i1m for special agricultural workers.

The con tinuing effect of IRCA willIX' fel! most strol1gly In the employment arena. To cut out the availability of lobs-the principal reason Immigrants come to Ihe: U.S. ilkog.llly-IRCA for the first lime mak<!S it Illegal to knowingly employ unauthorizi.'d aliens.1 IRCA dl." nnl.'S "unlluthorized allen" as an alicl1 110t lawfully aclmilled fo r pcrmal1el11 (csl· den(;e (a "green card" holder) or 1101 au· Ihori;u.'(ito work , eirher through the 1m· mlsrOitlon and NaturaliZillion Act, or by Ihe INS.4 An alien is an)One who is nOI a cillzell or Ilaliollal ot l hc Unitlod Slates.

The complexi ties of determining who Is .111d who Is lIOt lIuthofl~ed to work will b(> subsequently discussed .

\

\

\

-.l 235

To accomplish thc dcslfL'S of Conllr~s ilnd reduce the flow 01 illegal immlgr.lIlt5

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J5 'R!chllologies, Ilfc.

5001 West Broad St.

Rkhmond,VA ,2323O

1010 the United Stal es. IRCA In effect

deputizcs employef5 <IS "II,mior immigra. tion inspectors:" Employers ilre (;ailed upon 10 review Ccrt~l n documents, includIng INS documents conccrnlnglm-

migra1ion status, to determine whethl!r an IndividuiJ l is IC8i1l1y authorized to

work. The effect on employers Is three· fold: (1) fines fif up to $10,000 per unllU ' thorlzoo allen, and Iml>risonmcnt Ciln be Imposed fOr k'XM'lngly cmplOt'lng illcg.l1 aliens; (2) new 'lefitlcatlon and record· keeping requirements apply 10 all em· ployees nired after November 6, 1986, cycn if a United Sta:t~s citizen; and (31 eml)loycrl <He preclud",'(1 from dlscrimi. ntltlon In hiring or firing on the baSIS of a IXlrson's national O!"igin or citlzcnshil) 51.111.15.

The palXlrwork requircmenlS and em· ployment Silncllons of IRCA apply to nil cmnloycrs regardless of size. The antidlscriminil tion prohibition ~ pplit.'S to all em· pl/¥!f'S who emplOt' more thiln three emplOy'l!eS. IRCA cxcmpls two categories 01 erllplOyeeS: C"'sual domestic cmpIOYl.'t!S

ilnd indepe~nt contractors. INS regula-tions limit the exemption for casual em· ployment 10 only lodivlduJls who providt! ~domest ic service in d priVilte home that Is sporadiC, irregular, or intermit· tent:" The ~sporildic, irregular or intermlnent" use of a maid or babyslncr would not require a filmll~ to vcrify em· ployment ilUlhoriZ<1llon, The regular employmenl of Ih<1t S<lmc person liS a maid I)r uilbysiner wolrld require 'lerific<1lion of work iluthoriz.ltion and cO(lld subject the f.uni1y to sanctions for viol.ltion of tRCA. Although INSofficials hllW SIatOO thcy will not harass families concerning domestic workers.' one Atlanta family was fined 51,000 when It tiled a labor cerlifi(;alion for its unauthorized alien hour.t!keeper. Likewise, the law firm who crT1I)loys p<1rl·til1le office help, "''\.'en "spor· adlc:' must comply with IReA since thc r.t!rvice Is neither domestic Ilor provided in j) home.

The cltCcption of Independcnt contrac· tors m.[ly be decepti~ bee.lOse IRCA speCifically precludes the use of a conlrac· tor or subcontractor 10 knowingly Oblain tke labor 01 an un.;lutnorized {llien ~ Thus,

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The Alaba ma State Bar'S two FAX numbers are: Main office

269-1501 Center for Professional Responsibility

834-2780

Addr"'" Chansc

8207 CalLlghnn Road, Suite . 325 Snn An tooi(), Texas 78230

236

I'hone: (512) 342·5.596 FAX: (512) 342·3336

Scplcmber 1989

che use of an irdividual conHJctor may not insul1ue thl' businllSS from IiJblUty. Retilled definitions of "emplcryee" and HindcllCndent contractor'" lIS used by the National Labor Relations Act the In· tern.,1RCVCnue Service might be hell>ful in determining the naMe of the rela/iorlship In a specific circum stance. To detcrmine whether a p.lrl iculilr b~ls iness relationship qualifies fOr the independent COntr;lctOf cxcep!ioll, COun~e l should study the rel;ued INS regulation s.' tRCA sanction s also do not apply to employees hlr(>d before November 7, 1986. Thus, an employer may continue to emploor an itlcg<al alicn hired prior to thm date without fear of violating IRCA. "Cr.lndfathered ' wO/kers, hOWC\ler, itre not conferred any spectallt"gal Status or work authorization . Such aliens are still subject to ,1,)prdlCnSion by INS and subsequent deportation. Only one employer- the present one-can employ thcm without violating Ih"! law. These grJnd· (il1hered allen ....orkefS are therefore in a prt.>dic"ffient Mid subrecl to exploitation by their emplo>re~

aoo

Verificat io n rt'q uire menls One requirement of IRCA which ,,(. (cetlo virtual ly all employers rellardless of Ihe cl!izenshlp ' tat us of the (!mployees concelils vcrific;llion and documentation tha t the (!1111)10')-'L~S Me Juthorlzed to work in the United States. IRCA re(lulres all emplO'y'Crs to (1) verify the <luthorllatl on to work 01 e~ch ~mplCJyl't! hir(!d lifter November 6, 1966; (2) keep appropriate rlocords to eSlabltsh that Ihe employer in fJet made such <,oerificJtion; and (3) pmsent illCSe recordJ upon request to agents of INS or the Depilrtment of labor ("DOL"). These "1),lperwork requirements" {lpply to U.S. Chizens as well as allen Cml)ioyccs, and coml)liance Is requirLod of ill! cmployers.

The eml)toyer must verify bOlh the Identity of the enmloyce and his authorlzalion 10 work . An employee Can demonstrate thOS(! facls through presen· tation o( certain dOCumen t ~ The em· ,)Iayer must certiiy on INS Form 1·9, un. der penalty of perjury, that each person hired after Noycmber 6, 1986, i ~ nOI an unauthorilL'C:1 al ~n. The person hlfl'd also mUSI cerllfy on the S(lmc (orm, un· der penalty of perfury, that he Is not an unauthorized "l1en.

The Alabama Lawyer

Thc 1·9 form con tains two section~, The first S(!(tion reg.1rding biOjVaphical infor· matlon must be supplilod Iyt' the employee under penally of pefJury. The em· ployee, bot che<:kiog the approwiate OOX and signing his nJme, must stOlte that he is eilher (1) it citizen or national of the Unlt~ States; (2) an alien lawfully ad· mined (Or permancrll residence, In which CJSC the allen reglst'.l tlon numoor muSt be prO\lided: or (ll an allen authorlz(.od bv the INS to work In the United St.lteS, In which case the illien identification numb(!r Or admissiQrl number must be supplied, along wilh the expiration d<llc, if any, of the employ-nent authoriTatlon.

The secor'rd section of the 1-9 fOfm con· t:lin s three lists o( documents the em· ployer must use to \'illldat(! that the ap. proprlate dOCument~ t ion of Identity ;md eligibility to work were e)(tlilllned. Thill I>onion of thc f(lrm is reproduced oolow.

121 EMPLOYER REVIEW AND VERIFICATION : (To be completed and signed by employer.)

Inwuctions: Ex..lmine one document from List A and chlock the appropria:e bo~ , OR ('xamine one dOCument from Ust 8 Jnd one (rom Ust C and check Ihe apprOI)riate boxes.

Pr()'.lide the Docun1ent Identi(ic,ltion Number and Ex plr~ t ion Ol11e for the document checked .

Ust A Documents that Est.lbli sh Identity .md Employment Elrglblllty 11 1. United States Passport 11 2. Certificate of United States Cilizenship 11 3. Cerlili cate of Naturalization 11 4. Unexpi red fO(l'lgl1 IlaSSI)()rl with attached Employment Authorizal ion II 5. Allen Registration Card with photogrJph Document Identification

.------------------

EKplration Date (If JOY)

a

Ust DocumentS Iho1l Estilblish Identify III. A State-Issued dllver's IIcensc or a StJce-issued 1. 0 . card with a photo-

graph, or informatIon, including nam(!, sex, dJte of birth, height. weight, and color d eyes.

(Speci(y Slate) 11 2. U.s. Militilry Card 11 3. Other (Speci(y document and issuIng authority) Docunlent Idcntific,ltion

.-----------------Expiration Dale (i f any)

list C Documents thtlt EstOlblish Employment ElIgibility 11 1. Original Social Security Number card (other than ,l cMd stJling it is not valid for employment) II 2. A birth certificate I.sued by State, county, or municlp;1I authority !)eMIng a seal or other certifi cation.

113. Unexpired INS Employment Au thorization Specify form

" ---~--------­

Document tdentificatlon

. -~~--~-------­

expIration DMe (if any)

CERTIFICATION : j alleSI, under penalty of perjury, thml hi'M! cx.lmined the docu· nll~nt~ prescnted by the alx:Nc Individual, that they apt:rear to 00 genuine and to relatc to the Indivldu,ll named, and that the Individual, to the best of nlY knowledge, is eligible to work in the United St.-lies.

Signature Name !Print or TYI>e)

Title

Employer Name

Date

Addfl'SS

Form 1-9(05/07/87) U.S. Ocl)!. of Justice OMB NO. 111 5·0136 ImmigfJlion and NaluraliZiltion Service Employt'l"S con fu sed by the various im· migration documents will find no help from the INS In determining who Is or is not iluthorlu-d to work, INS has taken the position that it will n04 respond to requesls from eml)loyers to verify the employment o( individuals. Before opting for the easy WJY and refusing to hire anyone who Is not a United S tat~ citizen, employers must rl'(Ollnl:te thatlRCA .115() precludes discrimination in employment ba~1 on national ot1J:1ln or clt1zerlshlp.

237

Of course, an en)ployer must rejecl an applicanT or tcrIT'i na!e <In empl~ who is i1n \lna\JthoriJ;ed iilieJ'l . The an tidi scrimination provisions will be discussed in more det"iI subsequelltly.

It Jllay be dlWcuh for ,1n emp loyer, or even an anorncy, unschooll,.'{! in immigration law to determine just wh,1I d ocuments can be used for "INS employment au thoriZiition" iI ~ referenced In " List C" 011 the 1-9 form. The INS regulations !1 st the following types of documenlS whi ch refiCCI INS employment authorization: unexpired re.enlry permi l, INS Form 1·327; uncxp ired rcfugce travel d!Xuments, INS Form 1·571; Cert ifi cation of Birth i s~ ued by th o Ol;'p<lftnll!!lt of Stme, Form FS-54S; Certlfi catioll of Birth Abroad issul.>d by the Department of

St,lte, Form 05-1350; native American tribill document; U.S. citizen idell tificatlon card, INS Form 1-197; ident ification card for use of rcsi dellt citi zen of Ihe United States, INS Form 1·179; and JIlY "emp loy. ment authorization document issued by" the INS,'~ This latter ca tegol)' mily Cil USC o!Idditional Cl)nfusi()o because 26 classes of aliens are authorlll'd to be employed merdy because of their sto tu s," Alicns in II of those classes call accept employ. ment wi thout Jny restri ction i1S to thc cmployer, although the period of employment may be limited in dur;ltion. Examples of <lliens in these c;; l a sSt..~ include rcf\Jgces, asylee5 and aliens admil1cd as fiance(c)s of U.S. d (i!cns. Allcll s wJthlll Ihese cla sscs should have an IN S d ocu·

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238

ment, such as form 1-94, l!"/idendng emI)Joymllnt au thorization. Thl! oth er 15 clasws of aliens authori zed to accept em· 1)IOYl!lcllt by vlrtuc of their sta tus can on· Iy be eml)loyecI by SI>ecific employers.

Ellampies of these classes include nonimmigrant temporary workers with ;tn "1-1" visa or intcr-compal"ly tran)fcrecs with an "L" vi sa whose employers flied pctiliolls on their behalf; non·lmmigr'lI1 t dll)lomats ilnel replesen ta tives of internJ· Ilonal org..lnlzations; and non.immigf(lnts wi th "E" visas in the Unitoo St<l tes i1 ~ investors or trJ(iers PUrsUil llt lO treilti(.>s with th e alien's country. For E;lch of these cliI~ses, the evidence Qf the pMiculM 1m· migration St<Jtu s prO'Vide! au thority to work. These catcgories call also pose fur· Iher problems to the uneducated em· 1>loycr. For eK..llllple, ;1Il alien with ,1n H-I non-I IllIl)lgral)f vis{I a ~ a p!:lfSO I1 of distingui shed merit Jnd ability is authorized 10 work, b\J\ only fur a pMticular employer <lnd on ly for a limited time. If thaI alien applies for o!I different Job, prcsen t· Ing a so/;IIII s· urlty card al\d v,ll1d driver's license, that polential employer will have no rea son to know the alien is not authorized to accept thnt job.

To further compl icate the verifiC<ltion process, there ilre 15 Other call:!gories of aliens who m;ly apply for work authorizatioll on 11 case-b-rcase b~sb. Examples Include asylum applicants, applicants for adlustlllcllllO lawful permanent rcsidelll aliell SlillUS, ill>l)IIC,1I1IS for suspension of deportation, and foreign students who qualify for practic,,1 Ir<lining. If gr;ln t ~>(l employment authoriz;ltion, these aliens ;Ire normally issul,.>d i11l INS FOrllll-94, or INS Form 1-201D for forei gn s t udcnt~, w ith an endorsement noting work authorlztltion. Alt hough normally unrl,..... stricted as to emilloym, In certain cases employment authorization may be limited to a SI)CCific employer.

If an employee is unable to I)roduce verification docunlents within three bu siness dtl~ of hire, he may present J receipt showing that application has ix.'Cn made for the documem. The document must then be produced wi th in 21 busl· ness dtlys of the diltc of hlre.11 Urlder the liteml reading of the regul Jti ons, if the documcnt is not presented within 21 days, the cmptoymcn t m-,Jst be termi· natl.>d. Such rt!suits appear harsh since in Illally cases the Issuing iluthQrity will not re spond to a request fo r the documen t Scpteml:w

1989

within 21 days. This is esl)ecially true if INS Is the issuing agency. Termination may preSCll1 a larger busi ness ri sk than technic.11 oon-compllance with the regulations. Before terminating an employee In such 'Jsituation, the employer should secure legal advice.

After ((!\'i~inl! the document~ presented bv the employee, the employer must check the appropriate box On the 1-9 form and pro.'ide the document IdentifiCation number and CKpirJtion date of any of the document eK..lmined. The employer mu~t certify, under l)lJnaity of per.

Jury, that the documents IlWWn t(.'(1 <Jpl)(lar 10 be genuine, that they allpear to rdDle to the narned Individual, and that the individu.ll i~ eligible to WOrk In the United Stales to the best eM the employer's knowledge. The employer is not charged with being ,HI eKI)Crt On the authentic,lIion of Immigratloll documents, but only must certify that the documents reasonably appear to be gerluine. An l'l1lpl~'f c.1nl'lOl require the employe<! to produce a l)articular type 01 documentation.1I Inste;td, the employer mustacccpt the document tendered by Ihc employee If It appears genuine and is IIsled on the 1-9 form or INS regulalions. rhe individualsignlng lhe form on behalf of the employer must have adual· Iy seen thl! documentation I)f{~se nted by the employee.• Although nOf rcqullt'd, IRCA authori7.t'S an employer to photocopy the \.4!rification documents. Some Immigration documents, sucr. 115 certlflciltes of lMtUrillL~1Ition and ci tizenship, ordinarily may not be copied . That prohibition has been waived if til!! documents are phot()r copied as !>art of the ~rlficatioo process.

If copies are madl!, they must be al1ad~ to the 1·9, retained with It and used §oleIy for the purpose of coml)liarlce with IRCA. There is some debate among Immlgr"tion attorneys "5 to the advlsabil· Ity of photocol'Vlng these verific.ltion documents. The retention of these doeu· ml."'ts t.1ke up additional space and miIY generate questions from INS concerning the Julhenticity of the documents. Also, Inconsistency In letentlon of documcrllatlon could le<ld to 11 discrimination charge. On the mher hand, most immlgr.ltlon lawyers recommend retention of coplcs of the enlployees' documents (or several reasons: (lIlt prOYeS thaI the em1)IQ'I1!r actually exlmlned the documents;

TIlt' A/aiJama Lawyer

(21 It shooNs a good faith dfort 10 com· ply; and (3) It provides evidence if Compli,lOce is later challenged.

The ompleted 1-9 form s must be retained for at least three years (rom date of hi!'€! or one year ~fltlr the termination of the employment. whichtlver is later.

INS regulations do ali(MI the retention of 1-95 on microfilm or microfiche under cert,'ln circumstances}" Although 1·9s must be prodl.lced UI)()n request to INS or DOL officials, other pcoonnel record s arc not subJ('Ct to inspection. 11 is thU5 wise to krep 1-9s SC!p.lratc frum other personnel or business records. Such a pr()r ccdure would avoid giving INS or DOL access to other documl!nts as well as facilitate compliance wllh Inspection requt"Sts. No ~ubpoena or waflanl Is re-

<Iuired for Inspection of 1-95, although three business d.lys' notlct nlUSt be giYl!f'1 to the emplO'y'ef.lt IRCA P.lperworl< requlremcnts apply to all cmployees hired after NoYCmber 6, 1986. During the irlitiOll llhase-in of the requirements, emplo.,.crs were given until September 1, 1987, to complete 1-9s for all employees hired after NQvt!mber 6. 1986, who '-"'ere stili employed as of May 31, 1987. 1-9s for individuals hired after Juno 1, 1987, ~re to be completed within three busln(lSSdilVS of the dilte of hire. Employers who do not have completed 1-9s for their emplOlt'(!s arc In violation of IRCA and subject to fines from $100 to $1,000 fOf each employe<! fOr whom there is nQ 1-9. A fine may be levied regardless of whether the em-

239

ployer has {lVcr hired an Illega l aliel1 .

M itigating facto rs to be considered in determining the amount of the fine In. clude the size of the busines~, the good (Ji th of the eml)loyel"i, whether Or nOt jill unauthorized alien was employed, and any previous viola tions.'· Unlike the criminal pcnaiti15 fOf hiring illegal aliens, there afC no corresponding penalties for repeated violations of the p.lperwork requirements.

" Knowingly" hiring unaulhorized workers To put tl'Cth into the proYislon$ 0( IRCA, COrisress est:tbllshed a system of civil and criminal penalties for the knowing employmen t o f illegal aliens. The$e sanctions apply 10 all employers, regard· l es~ of siw, The civil fines rangc from $250 to $2,000 l:let unauthorl,u..d ;ll1en for first violu tlons. Fines for second vlo10t10l1$ r." lge from $2,000 to $5,000 per unauthorized allen, wi th fi nes rising to a min imum of $3,000 Ilild a mJximum of S10,000 per unautho rized alien for subseQuent vioIJ1!ons. Criminal penal ties

of Impri sonment (or up to sill rnom hs andlor $),000 fine per unauthorized alien may be imposed for persons en· gagl>d in a " pattern or p racti ce" of IRCA violillions. FOr purpo,es of d~tcrm i ning the number of violations per employer for fixing a fine, Independent sul)(lIvl. sions count as sep.lrate employers ulKiet cert.lln circumstances. The sulxlivlsion must be a I)hysically sep;lr.lte subdivision with autonomy in employment prac· tices."

IRCA prohibilS cmpl~rS from ''k1lCM'Ingly" hiring or continuing 10 employ an unauthorized allcn, The S<lnclions only aPl)ly 10 "knowing" violations. Consequently, "knowing" may v.ell be the mOSI Import,lIlI WQrd in the en tire empl~r Silnctions portion of IRCA. Unfortunately. nellher tRCA nor the INS regui;uions define "knowing:' The nuances of that term will have to Ix! determined on a casc-by-ca5e b.'lsls by admlnbtM tive l;rw iudges and federal courts. Presumably, from the legislative history and the sta tutory scheme, more than mefe negl!· gcm:c should be fCQuired . The tradi tional

The Alahama Wills Library 11\

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Ihl51nuli Spies (4947). lind c redit equl~.lcn c)' lfu ~ " Shl.rd.utdtrl Altrf~ Ul ~ nIS willi QTIP l)ro.lsIOlI~. marl.

30.d ay (494i1). are ayall ah le for I~I deducllorl lru ~l~. ch~rh R' m o n ey b ock AIRhalll1l III $200 elc h. ble rCrtlallldcI lfu ."~ , arid Upd~les Me free. Ihe fir5t g uarantee 01 mila dI5po$lIl~lli. 'l1le ~"id . ~ear. $10 per dis k Ihere. fler. uary e~t n l e 111B) he divided hllo solislaclio n

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liharel wil li eJICh Ih~rc Mlna .!Ilyell 10 onc or I1l0~ btnc.flclarlu oo. lrlghl, or in a uricl)' of ll1J ~lt. Trum may be lermlnaled or partially dltl rlbul ed al lpecific IgU, Or ou.)' tUI (or lile IIfc of Ihe benc.roc lary. AllttnlllC Ind IIItte$M)f btndicllrle~ mIIy be $peclried. Tile proa,.m .1$0 prep.rtl living win decllutioM. powe rs o f . "orne)', cqual

family Iree Imdl~hli, .Utt .ull'l ' m.riu . tJ.CClillon checLII.tl, Ind

240

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requirement of actual knowledge, as 01)poslod to obJcctlve " reason· to-know" standard, should apply.

The I)rohibition of COntinuing t.'IT1 I)117)I' menl" of an allen w ho is originally au· thorized to work but who has become uniluthorized l>resents a special problen'l for the eml,loyer. Several types of work authoriution h<M! limited clUt<ltion, Em· ployers woo h.we submil'cd nonimmi· granl petitions fOr tempOrary WQrks (~H" visa ooidOOI or intercamp.my tr.lnsferi.>es I"l" visa holders) Ot trainees under ex· ch<lnse programs U·1l must keep up wllh the expiration dates. The employer will be deemed to have actual knowledge of th~ tlXI)iril tion of the period of WQrk Olu· IhoriZ.lllon and will be in violOllion of IRCA 11 Ihe eml)!oyment Is nOI ICrminaWd.

Antidiscrimina tion provisions The antidiscriminati on provisions of !Re" elltcnd tlw pmd usion of nationOlI origin d lscrl minalion to iinlpl(Jy(!rS w ith fou r to 14 employees who would nOI be covered by Title VII ." IRCA docs allow an employer to select a United Slates citilen over ;J1l authorized alien If both JM "equally (IUalificd."

Comp!aln ts of d iscrimin.tion in violation of IRCA mUSI be filed initially with the special counsd for Imlligralioo.Related Unfair Employment Practices with· In the Department of ,u'stice wilh ln 180 days 0( Ihe alleged discriminatory act.

Private IXlrlies or INS officers may make such coml)l.linl, Special counsel must d{!(idc within t20 days whether 10 file a compl.,int with jill administ ril t i~ IQW judge. If no complaint is filed by spt.><:ial coullscl, the Individual (but !'lOt INS) may file a compl aint with the admlnlslra l lV(o law iudge.

If unlilwfu l discrimination Is fou nd by the AlJ to hilV(.' occuftlod, the follOWi ng may be ordered: CC(l:;(l ,md desist o rder; hlrln" the OlffL><:1L'd Individual(s) with or withoul back I):'Y: lind nl'lCS of up to $1,000 l>cr Individual for firsl violations and UI) to $2.000 per Individual In the case of rel>C<lt offenses. As with empl~r s,l nction s, SCI><lr.lle corporate sulxllvi· sions dre treawd individuilily for deter. n'llnlng the number of viola tions.

Conclusion The compll!X system of Immigrat ion used in thi s coun try makes compliance

Seplember 1989

with IRCA difficult. An undetground market (or f.llsificd social security c.uds .mel Immlgr;uion documents Is spreading th rough the country. Sponlng bogus documents may be easy (or INS Inspec-

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24 5

Building Alabama's Courthouses

by Samuel A. Rumore, Ir.

The followi ng ( oolinul.'S a history of Ala·

barna's (ounty courthouses- their orl· gins a nd rome of the people who con· tributed to their growth, The A /dbama Urwyer plans 10 run one county's slo ry In ('itch issue of the maHalinc. If you have any pho tograp hs of earl y o r presenl courlh ou ~ please forward them 10:

S;Jmucl A. Rumore, Jr, Miglionico & Rumore

1230 BrOlYn MllrJc Tower Blrrningham, Alab.ullil 35203

M arion County M(lrion Count'f was created In 1818 by

the Alnbamil Territori,ll Legislature, The odglnal coun ty lines included the pres. ent.(/ay counties of Milrlon, L..lffiilf, Pick. ens, Cret!nc, Sumter, Fayene, Walker,

Winston and 1»(15 of Tuscaloosa and Cnoct.lW. The county was reduced in size in 1620 by an aCl of the legislature. and further reduced in 1824 and 1850. The curren t boundilry was created In 1866 when L..lmar Counly was c,1!ved from the counties of Marion and Faycne. The CO Wlly w.u named for Cenerill Fl(lncis Ma rlon, the "Swamp Fox" of The American R~luIion . Many of Ihe fil'jl seulers came (rom SOUTh Carolina, Marion's home state. This name re(lcets The South Colrolina infl uence on west Alabama. Other counlies nilmed for Soulh Carolin.. heroes are Pickens, Greene and Sumler.

On December 6, 1819, election precincts were established by the legislature for Marion County, and the home of Henry Greer (Gri er) ncar BUltahatchee was designaled the first courthouse. On December 19, 11:120, a six-member commission wa s apilointed to sel(.'Ct a permoment coun ty ~a t . The town of Pikeville WilS chosen by th e commission~, and Ihe courthouse remained there for the next 62 yea~.

246

Ilikevi lle was once II vcry Important [own . Few records existlooay, but some sources state Ihal e.lrly Pikeville h.'\d a hal factory, a bakery, seYCrill Slores, hotels, saloons and QVer 300 1>OO1>le. An important lelegral>h linc p.lsscd through Ihe lown . Orle aCCOunt rel>orl(.'(1 thill Pikeville, In the early days, had ilS much promise ilS Chicago, and 1110re peoplc.

Local trJCiilion s..l'y'5 that I'M> Of possibly three courthouses were constrUCled in Pikeville. No records o r evidence exist concerning their sirt', lociltion Or dL.... scription. Pikl!Ville today Is a ghost town.

The ilreil Is IOCilted JI>proxlmately midway i)el'o'olCen Guln and I-I"mllton.

An ir1!eresllng accident of Alabama geography surrounds the slle of Pikevill~.

When prt.'SCnt-day Llmar County was created I7i the l.egislatuft!, land was taken from Marion and Fayclh! coun tieS. Unwittingly, the L.cgis.alUre placed the county seill of Illkeville just across the northeast corner of Ihe newly crea ted coun ty. Thus, Ihe Marion County Courthouse was unknowingly removed from Marlon County.

The rn.'Xtli..>gisliiture ,Kijust(.'(1 the situation by returning one square mile back 10 Milrion County. Present-day maps still show /I tiny nick In the northeaSt conlef of L.l mar County. TIl.l1 nick Is the loca· tion of Pikeville.

Pikeville was tht' 'lome of longtime Marion County Probate Judge John E. Terrell, Jr. Terrell was the son 01 a delegate to Ihe original Alab.1ma Constitutional COf1\/Cntlon. His fat her was I;ller a state

senator, and iI stale reprc~n t atlve. Judge TCfrell, COmfll{)nly Called JKk. was an excellen t politician in his O'o'In righ t. He sef"o«l as proiJ.lte Judge for oYer 40 )1!afS. Judge Terrell was also a praCllclr18 physldan. II WilS reported Ihat he made house calls iJll over Marlon County, bUI rlCV(!r charged fees; he earned his livelihood as probate judge. His gr.llclul, non-pJ)Iing patients ,llw¥ a~surcd Ih;lI he was re-elected.

Shorlly after the Civil W~r, one of Judge Terrell's d;lughtcrs, Mary louise, mMried a former Confederate officer, Cilptilin 1\1bert Jnlllcs Hami lton. A5 a wedding gift Judge Terrell gilve the couple S1,000.

They used the money 10 purchJSC 1,000 acres of farm land nCilr a little hamlet known iI) Toll Gate. Toll Gate was orig.

Inally cstabllshed around 1616, ')Crving 3) a loll station on Ihe W,uhir1glon. D.C.to-New Orleans road.

Judge Terrell's son-In-law bcCilme a ~ucc(";slu l l>lanter ilnd merchant. Cilptain Hamilton also served in Ihe SIi1te legislature and was an important politician .

Sincc Pikevillc was no longcr cen trally loe.lted in posT-Civil W,u Milrion Coun-

Samuel A. Rumore, /r., is a 8raduate 01 Ihe Unlvcrsily of NOIre Dame and the University of Alabama School of 1.8:w. He served as foundins chairperson of/he Alabama Sldte Bar's Family Law Secl/on and is In practice in Blrmin8ham wilh Ihe firm 01 Mi81i0nlco &- Rumore.

Seplember 1989

MMion COllllty Courthouse ty, he 100 an effort to moYe thc county seat. In 1882 a vote was takcn bet'l-oleen Toll Gatc and the grogrilphical center 01 the county, called Center, locate(! three miles cast of Tol l Gate. In the election, Toll Gate was selected by the >,()ters. Captain Ilamiiton then donated 40 acres of land to be divided Into lots and sold at I)ublic auction to finance the C011struction of a courthouse. InadYertently, Hamilton's own ~ Idf!flce Wit S IOCiltcd in the 4().acrc tract. lie had to buy bac;:k his

CM'n home at the public SOlie. On NCM:'ITIber 17, 1882, the narne Toll Gate was c;:hanged to Hamilton In honor of the town's generous benefactor.

A wooden courthouse was built in l'laml lton in 1882. II was c;:onstruo:too of heart pine, ;md had four brick chimneys and wide fJQf(hl.'$ on the north ;md south sides. It had both up ilnd d()YJn stJlrs for the use of the public, This (irst courthouse In Hamilton W0l5 destroyed by (ire In April 1887.

The secood Hamilton c;:ourthouse also w..s of wood, and il served the county until 1902. Then the structure w.lS fTICJYed west across the court square i\rld can· verlt'<l into It hotel. This building burned in a fire in 1912.

The cornerstone of the next courthouse was laid in 1900 Judge William R. While was prob,'l1e ludge. This building w.l 5 construcloo In the Rk hardsonian ROmane~ue style which WdS pc>t>ular in that day. The courthouse wa s huilt of rough s;mdstone and fe.lIuted a massive fi'lle'-story clock t(.lY.'ef. It W,lS COml)letcd in 1902.

In 1940 the county undertook an ex· tensive renovation of the courthouse which was completed in 1941. Charles H. Mccauley of Birmingham designed the plans. He added an east and west wing with Greek Revlv,,1 style porticoes grilcir18 each entrance. Tha clock tlJwl',!r Wil5 retained.

The courlhClUse WilS ogain modernized and enl:aJ8lod in 1960. This lime the dock l()<Nl:!r WilS removed ilnd the roof line leveled. Omces were added 10 the north :and south sid(!S, thus complmely surrounding the 1902 courthouse. Modern f"cades replaced the Greek Revival en· tfances. The contfJctor for this I)rcicci was the Renffoe Construction Comp.lny.

Again the architect was Charles H. McCault')' of Birmingham .

•

MeLE News by Keith 8. Norm,m The Mandatory ClE Commission held Its July 19, 1989, meetlrlg during the Ala· b<lma Slate BlIr nleetlng Ilt the H ilton Hotel in Huntsville. AI this meeting the Commission; 1. Rt'Commended to the nominating commiltl.'tl of the bo.lrd of bar commi s~ ionc~ and the presidtlnt the names of conlmi ssioners to succt.'Cd Phillip E. Adams of Opelika and H. W.1Ylle lCNC of Anni ston as members of the MClE Commission; (Ch,lfles M. Crook of Monlgomery and Arthur F Fite, III, of Anniston were selected by the board of bar commissioners to (illihesc vacancies);

2. ROCommended 10 the nominating committee of the board of bar commissioners and the president tllllt MCl E Commission member James R. Seale of Montgomery be apPointed chairperson; J. ApprOYCd a waiver of Regulation 5.2 00 a one-time basis for an out-of-state bar member holding a regular membership; 4. "ppr~ (or elEcredit the followIng mixed·audience seminars offered by a prcsurnpti'o(!ly lIpprooed sponsor: Estate Planning, 6.0 credits; the S Corporatior\, 6.0 credits; and Emerging Issues in Health Cafe Law, 6.0 crl.odrl S; 5. Approved for 12.3 CLE credit$ a

mixed-ilutlience seminar on hospltallaw; 6. On ;rppcal by the sponsor, upheld the director's decision denying accrodit(l· tion to a mixl.'d-audience seminar on \lQCalional disability.

The MCLE Commission considered and apPfoved 5e\Iefolt ~gulalion changes.

Additionally, the commission rccorn· mtlndcd il modification to the MClE rules for the Alabama Supreme Court's corlslderation. These regulation changes und proposed rule changes will be In· cluded in the N(NCmber Issue of The A/ab<lma lAwyer.

•

247

Litigation After Bankruptcy or Relief is Only a Court (or Two Away) by Romaine S. Scoll , 111

Lltlgators face a dl1crnm<l. Ptl1 simply, whm docs 11 lawyer do when II dC((!lldilll t in " pending 5tol le or federal court casc

fil es

bJnk rup,cy~

TIl;l1 dilemma has be·

come even more perplexing as a result of il recent, unpublished EIl.wnth Circuit Court of Appeal s opinion that m<lY me,Jn the sam!'! case will have to be tried at Icast twi ce; arlee oofore the bankruptcy

court and then before the nonbankruplCY court.

Consider thi s: A complillnt is flied by

a number of plaintiffs in a United Stales [)i striCI COIHl asserting still e ilnd (eder~1

law claims il!:\alnst Sl.'Vcr.ll defendants. , '111:) C,lSC h:15 OOtn pendill!\ for mo~ than o!l(~)'(!ar Md has had issues dcdd(o(l on appeal by the clreui! court of <lJ)l>cals

even before discovery has begun. The w<rf Is cleared fin;,lIy to Initi;lIe discO\lery in the c<l se which ~eek ~ mi IIions of dolIMS in compens~torv ;md punitive d,lmages when one c:i the kt.'Y defendants tlIl!S

oankruptcv. The plaintiffs receive a rlotl ce or ~ugses tloll of stay on bankruptcv, and the entire case comes to a hah while the variou s parties uv to SOrl out where the case goes from that point.

This article will discuss wh<tt the bllnkruptcy ,lnd nonbankruptcv law~r alike ~ hould know about the requirements (or obtaining relitd to I)r'QCl'Cd with 11 ca se .1g."Ilnst a bankruptcy debtor-defendant In the nonbankruptcv forum, InciudlnSlhe ranlifi cations of a recent United States Eleventh Ci rcuit Courl of Appeals ol)inion which aPI>ea~ to in(fUilSe the likelihood Ihat Ihe case will have 10 be tri<!d. at le(lst in pMt, bef(Jr'c both COurtS.

The law The urlderl villg b.1Sis for Ihe cessation o( any pending st.11e or federal court aclion ilBain5t <I debtor in Oilnkruplcy is 11 U.s.C.A §362 (a)( l}, which, upon the ril ing of a debtor's ballkrUI)!CV l)Clit ion,

Romaine 5. sCO(l., III. I~ a gradualC of Washington &. I..ee Ullivcr)/t y .1nd Cumberland School of Law or Sa mford University where he w<lS a member of Curia Honoris dnd IIr/lcles editor of /he Cumberl and Law Review. He is vice-ehl1lrperson of Ihe Bankruptcy .1 11(1 Co mmercial l~lW Section .1n(/ Ircasurcr or Ow RCiJl Propeny Probate IIn(1 rru SI Section of rhe A/.,b,1mil Slare Bar. l'/e pr.lcl ice~ wirh Balch .1(, Bingham In Birmillllhlllll,

".

gives ri se

10

an Immediate, automatic

stay of "the commencemem or con tinuation, including the issu(lllce or employIllen! of prOCeSS, of a judicial, aclministralive or other <lclion or procC!eding against th e deotor thill w~s or could ha~ beer\ commenced before the commencement of the Cllse under Ihls 11tle [Title It of the Uilitc<.l StJtes Code), or to recover a d<lim agJlnstthe debtor Ihat aro5e before the commencement of the case under thi s Ti tl e . ..." 11 U.S.cA S362(a)(1).

The first step in ~king relief to proceed with a penning nonbankruptcv court action against the debtor Is to file a motion under Bankruptcv Code §362(dI(1). Tha t secTion provides that relief from the automatic slay " .•. such as by tcrminil ting, annu ll ing, modifying, or condiTioning such 5t<lV" shilll be grantlod "(1) for C<luse ., .." 11 U,SC.A, §§362(dl <lnd 362(d)(1). The ......"rd "cau se~ has been variou slv ddinl>d bv numerous courts, mlll1V CJf which hav<' looked 10 the legislative history behind the code section for guldarlce. See /n rc Cas!/erock Properties, 781 F. 2d 159 (9th Cir. 1986); Mauer of I-Io/rkllmp, 669 F.2d 505 mh Cir. 1982); /n fC: Newport O f(sllofe, LId., 59 B.R. 283 UJkrICY. D.R.1. 1986}; Mauer of R,lbill . 53 O.R. 529 ( Bkrt ~v., N.J. 1985), and /11 re Rounsevll/e, 20 8.R. 892 (Bkrlcv. D.R.1. 1982).

The Rhode Island BankruplCy Court. In In rl! Nf!Wp()rt Q ((shore, LId., discussed th e congressional poUcy a,d general rule of law as follows: September 1989

Congress rl-'COgnized Ihal it would be proper for 1M automa tic Slay to be liflt'(/ under cert;tln circums tances:

"[1 )1 will oflen be more al)propriale 10 pcrml1 proceedings to conlinue In th eir plJCC of origin, w hen no great p rejudice to the b..lnk rupICY eSlale would result, In order to leave Ihe parties 10 Ihelr chosen forum and to relieve Ihe bankruptcy COUrt from many dUTies IhM may be handled elsewhere,"

!-I ,R. Rup, 595, 951h Cong., ht Sess.

341 (191'7); S. Rep. No. 989, 951h COllg., 2d Scs~. 50 (1978), U.S. Code Cong. &- Admin. News 1978, pp. 5787, 6297 ... , " , , . II has not been demonw<lted th (ll i1 major purpose of Sec. 362, Ihe prl'venlion of dissipatIon o( Ihe deblOr'S <l SSCTSdur,rlg thu pendellcy of the case, dnd ilvoidance of multiplicity of claim s ag.lins t the estate in dif(cfCnt Courts. see Cafler v. l..1,kham (In Fe Larkham), 31 B.R. 273, 276 (Bankr. D. VI. 19831, WOIJId be fUfthercd I7t' denying Maltingly's mOl ion (or relief (rom the stay. To l h~ contrary, all il resent indications arc that Ihe lil lgation of Ihis disp ute in the state court will nOt delay adminiSlration of the estate or hOM! any other detrimental impact on this Ch.1pter 11 ca~.

'When neUher prcjudlcc to the bankruptcy estate nor In lf.)ffercnce wl1h thl' bankruptcy p rocC(.'(ling is demonSTra te(!, the d" sire of a st,lyCd P.1rty 10 l)rocC<!d in another forum is suff ci en t cause to warrant lifting the stay. (Emphasis addt.'d) ....

Id. .. t 276 (relief from stay granted to permit plain tiff to prOCet'Cl with cm pl oymen l dlscrimin;l tlo n ac tion ilgilinst debtor!, pending In feder.ll district court/.

59 IlR. OIl 285. See In re Un/oil, 54 B.R. 192 (Bkncy. O. Colo. 19851; MMter 01 R.:Jbin, 53 B.R. 529, In re Humphreys ~I Control Co., Inc., 35 n.R. 712 (Bkrtcy.

E.O. Pd. 198 4); In rc Hoffman, 33 fl It 937 (Bkrlcy. W.O. Okla. 19831, ... nd In rc Roun sevlllc, 20 B.R. 892, In eJch of whi ch the bankruptcy courts granted crediTors relief to proceed In federal or sta te court against a debtor in bankrupt.

'Y.

The court, in Un;o/l, SCI OUI an ex ten-

sive set of filCTors 10 be cO'lsidered In determining whether ~cause" exIsts 10 grant relief from thc stay to allow a case to pfOo cl'(.'(1ilgainst a debtor 10 liquidate a claim In a nonbilnkruptcy COu, t: Although "cause" is not deflnoo in the Bankrul>t(y Code, case precedent establishes certain factors to be considerc<l ln dL'Ciding whether to urI a St.'ly. The COurt in CIIf!iJ set forth 12 such factors. These fac tors include: (I) Whetlwf the reHef will result in

a p"'tial or COml)lete (t.'solu tion of the issues.

(2) The lack at ally connection wi th or interferencc wi th the b.lnklupt. cy COlse.

(11 Whelhcr the foreign proceeding InllOlll(!S the debtor as .. fiduciilry.

(4) Whelher a speclnilled tribunal hilS been eSlablished to hear the p.:lrticular C.luse of <Kllon and that Irrbunal has The expertise to heilr such Cilses.

(5) Whether Ihe deb lOr'S Insurance Cilrrl!!r hilS aS5llme<1 full flna llcial responsibility for defending Ihe litigation.

(6) WhNher the OIction essen tially in<,Qlves third p.~rTies, and the debtor functions only aâ&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘1 bailee or conduil for the 800ds or proceeds in (lul'Stion .

(7) W hether lili8ation In ano ther forum would prejudice the Inlerests of olher creditors, the creditors' commIttee and olher interestoo Pilrties.

(8) Whether the judgmcnl claim .lfising from thc foreign action is subjcct to equitable 5Ubordinalion under Section 510(e) (9) W hethtlr the mO\-\l nt's succcss In the fomign procet.>ding would result in a jud icial lien avoidable by the dcbtor under Section 522(f).

(10) The lnlerest of Judicial economy and the eMpcdltl Ous and economlc.ll determlnatiort of lIt1gtllion for thl' parties.

(11) Wh(!thl!r Ihe fore gn procC<!d. ings have pr08re~~ 10 the point where the parties arc Immared for trial.

(12) The impact of lilt St.ly on the l>.lrlles would bal.lncl! the hurt.

249

54 B.R. at 194 (citing 111 re Curtis, <10 6.R. 795 [Bkrtcy. D. Ut.lh 1984]). The court dcclded that not all (;lctors should be ilPplit:!d in every c~se, con~id(lroo four of the facton; and wen t on 10 add a factor in reaching il conduslon Ihat relief (rom Ihe Slay should be gr,lllted In the case.

Id. al 195·96.

The addltlOllal f,)ctor considered by Ihe court was the misconduct of the debtor.

Sec id. (I t 195. In disc u ~sin8 miscollduct as a factor, Ihe court quoted In re High. crest Management Co., IlIc.. 30 B.R. 776, M follQ"Ws: "Cause 11l1ly Include miscondUCI ... .The class aClion in the Dislrict Court i~ prcdic{lled on allcg(>d miSCOllducl and bad failh on Ihe poUI of the deblO/s. The ;1Ulomallc sl<1y should nOI be used as a shield to pro· 1<..>(1 (OnduCI which call only be fully <lnd nnally ad [udlcaled In a case ~nd in8 In Ihe Districl Courl."

Id. at 195.

In Mauer o( Rabin, Ihe court summa· rized all of Ihe usualleg;ll crileria necessary to find "C;lli$e" sufficlenl 10 su,,.. port granting relief from slay: . . . where Ihe civil aClion is nOI con· nect<.>d, nor interfering with the bank· ruptcy proCeedir\8~, to lift the stay would not IhwMt the underlying pur· pose of Ihe au toma tic stay, namely to preserve the Debtor's eSlate and 10 provide a systema1ic And equitable plan for repilyment ilnd rt;'Organizalion; further, Ihal Ihe cx[)erll se of the Bankru[)ICY Court W.lS nOI Ilccessary 10 a determination of Ihe pending civil action: and, fhlally, that the interest of judicial economy warr,lnted lifti ng 01 the stay because of the eminence of the tridl."

53 8.R. {II 532. Whell conslruc<itogelher, the holdings In Nch of Ihe cases quol(..>d herelnaOOvc stand lor the proposition Ihal a bankruptcy court shall gr,lnl rcllef for "C.luse" when the rl}lief is ~U8h l by 01 creditor to proct'ed in it nonb.lnkruptcy court with a state law cause of action or a nonb.lnkruptcy k>deral cause of aClion, Ihi:) prQceL>din!l would 1101 prejudice Ihe bankruptcy esta te ilnd judici(ll e(;(monty would be served because Ihe parties have

250

prepared for the nonb.lnkruptcy proceed. ings Of because the dupliCitous lilig,Hion would result otherwise, and 111(' exper. l ise of Ihe bankruplC:Y coun i$ not necessary to a dct£!rmlnalion of the pending 1lllgation. Sec SCllcrally, In rc To(ld Shipyards Corpor,lllon, 92 B.R. 600 (Bkrtcy.

O. N.J. (988); In re Turner, 55 B.R. 498 (Bkrlcy. N.D. Ohio 1985): In rc Unioil, 54 B.R. 192; In re 343 East 4Jrd Sireet l-/oldin8 Corp., 46 B.R. 562 (S.l). N.Y. 1985); III n: Ilumphn.>yl Pest Control Co., Inc.. 35 B.R. 712; III re SIC(fcIIS FMm Sllpply, Inc., 35 B.R. 73 (Bktlcy. N.D. IO'NJ 1983); III re Highcrc)t M,lII,lgCIIlCllt Co., Inc., 30 B.R. 776, and M,lUcr of McCraw, 18 B.R. 140 !Bkrtcy. W.D. Wi s.

1982).

Nondisch.lrgeabililY as a fa Clor Other courts have appll(>(1 various I,u:tors wi thin Ihe Curt is list bu t none al). pears to h~vc required il sh owing Ihm the debt sought to be IIquldaled in the non· bankruJ)tcy court is nondischJrgeable undt:'r 11 U.S.CA. §S23. Sec, C.8.. In r(' 0lm5te(ld, 608 F.2d 1365 (10th Clr. 1979); In n: Tvrn!!f, 55 B.R. 498 IBkrtcy.

N.D. Ohio 1985); 111 re Unioll, 54 !I.R. 192; In re 343 [asl 43r(/ Slreet /-/alcling Corp., 46 B.R. 562 15.0. N.Y. 1985): In rc /--Iumpltrcys !'est Control Co., Inc. 35 B.R. 712; In re Steffens F,lInl Supply, Illc .. 35 B.R. 73 (Bkrtcy. N.D. Iowa 1983); In re Hoffman, 33 B.R. 937 !Bkr1cy. W.D. Okla.

1983), and Mallcr cf M cGr,wl, 18 B.R. 140 (8krl<..Y. w.O. \Ms. 1982). "hi ~ observatlOllls slgrlifiC,lllt OOc.lu!>C it b Ihe nondischargeabillty faclOl that wa s impliCitly addressed by the EICllCnth Circuit Court or Appeals recen tl y In an Unl)ubllshcd opinion affirming a dislrict court's and a bankruplCY CO~l rl'5 ~ision Ih{lt would require plaintiffs 10 prove any judgmenl they ll1illht receive n iI l>ending nonbankruptcy cou fl ca~ agalrlSl thl! dl!btOr would be nondlschargeable as a prert'q· uisi le 10 being allo-.vcd 10 proc('C(l 10 judgment in Ihe nOllb,lnkruptcy court C(lse. Sec In re: RoiJerl/ennillBs Under· wood: Richard Ourham, el ill. v. Robert J. Underwood. No. 118-7385 (1 1th Cir. February 14, 1989).

In Ih.11 casc, 18 plalnllffs filed a lawsull in lederill dlslrict co urt agAlnsl eight defendanl ~, 11sserlinglhe Rackelccrlng Inilu· (mced Corrupl Organizations Act I"RICO"), $l.1le law (raud and sN;wilies violations. The case had been pending

for 14 months ,md had bt.>en 10 Ihe Eleventh CirCUit COUl'l of Appeals on t;Qme is~ues when one of the key defen· (l,ml$ fili:ld his I>ctition under Chapter 7 of Ihe Bankruptcy Code The pJ.lintiffs fII<..'(1 a motion for relief from the ,lUtamalic Slay of 11 U.S.CA. §)62{a)(1) seekIng to proceed 10 Judgmcnt in the fool!ral district court case but provldlllg specifically thl1\ no action to execute on any judgmenl obtain<.>d "gainst the debtor would be Cilken Wilhoul ~pproval of the bilnkrupt<..y court.

The ballkruplcy COurt held in ilSorder denylnglhe relief !>Oughlby the plalntifl~ th<ll; " It ha~ not yel been dcmonstrJled 10 Ihe sali~faCli(m of thi s Court Ihat the clilirm of MO\Iiml5 against Deblor arc 1I0ndlschilrgeilhlp, and only In Ihe cvcnl of such nondlschilrgeilbility would It be nl("lI1illgful for the MovalllS to pursue their d,'lnl~ .1galn~1 the Debtor in Ihe IItlgallon I>rescn!ly l~ndin8 in the United Slilte~ District Court for Ihis District. The issues on di~chargeabilllY are narrOY.'er In most Inslilnces than Ihe scope of litig<ltioll lil the Dblrkl Court which includes asserted c:lvll llilblllty under RICO ;md Ihe securttles ,lCtS. "MovanlS may file ,1 complainl in an advcrsary proclk.>UinK 10 determine the dischargcability of ~my of the claims they have against Ihe Debtor.

Despite their prO!esl 10 the conlrMy, Ihe Court considers thaI Ihe proof 01 dbch,uKcabi1ity would be less bur. demomc than proving Ihe entire sub~1"1"lvc ca~e ilgain51 t~e Debtor and other~."

In Ihe M,lUer 0(: Robcrt JennlnBs Under· wood, case no. 87·10133 (8krlcy. N.D. Alii. Janumy 26, 1'188). The findings o( Ihe ballkrl)plcy court (I~ ~t forlh herein· ,100vc Indle.lte the coun cOMldered nondischargeabllily 10 be'a f~clor m deter· minillS whether fellef IrOl1l Ihe Slay 5hould be granted alld Inlply Ihat any cr<.'(Iitor seeking relief 10 proceed In " non bankruptcy forum mlHt firsl pr~ Ih,lllh(' credilor'~ clilim, once IiquidJtoo

by Ihe nonbankruplcy C;OUrt, will yield a Ilond!!.chargcilblc debl.

The Import of such a ru ling Is Ihal ~ny cri:lditor caught In Ihe middle of pending m"lnbankruptcy court IIlig.llion whel1 11

Sepl.embcr 1989

defcndar\t flies oonkruptcy must then Immediately me, in addition to a motion for reli ef from a Stay, an adversary procCL'<iing In the bankrul)tcy court alleging thai the debt it might liquidate In the nonbankruptcy court will be nondlschargCo able under 11 U.5.C.A. §523 1• Soction 523 prOvidt.>S S4!Wf"di enumerated rea5Oll5 why a debt may not be discharged through the debtor's bankruptcy case so that the debtor remains liable to pay the debt even .,(ter the bankruptcy case has been condllded See 11 U.S.c.A. ;523.

Nondischargeabmty of such debts usually is plt.odlc"ted on the debts having been Incurroo by fr.luo' or as a resu il of willful or malicious injury 10 another or another's property. Sec 1t U.5.C.A. S§523(a)(2) and 523(a)(6).

The plilln tiffs in Underwood argued that b;mkruplcy 1.'lW docs not re(lulm a determination of nondischargc<lbility l)rlOt to granting reHef from Ihe Slay. See generally. CaspfJIonc v. I.•mdmarlo: Oil & G'1S Corp., 819 F.ld 112 (5th Clr. 1967) (dctermln .. lion of nondlsch,rrgcllbi lity rightfully rescrV(od by bankruptcy court aftcr granting reli ef from stay to proceed

with RICO claim In District Courll; BarncllC v. Evans, 673 F.2d 1250 (11th Cir. 1982) (dissolving injlXlction against st., Ie criminal proceeding indicating jJfoceed. ing should 80 forward in stille court even if debt later determined dischargeable by bankruptcy COurt); In re Olmstead, 608 F.ld 1365 (lOth Cir. 1979); In Ie Hoffman, 33 B.R. 937 (Bkrtcy. W.O, Okla. 1983).

See ,1/50, In Ie Turner, 55 B.R. 498 (Bkrtcy.

N.D. Ohio 1965); In re Un le!l, S4 B.R. 192 ; In Ie 343 EaSI 4Jrd Street HoldinS Corp., 46 B.R. 562 (S.D. N.Y. 19651: In re Humphreys PeSt Control Co., Inc., 35 B.R. 712; In ~ S/(~ffem Farm Supply. Inc., 3S B.R. 73 (Bktlcy. N.D. low" 1983): In re HighcfCS( MDnDgCtnen( Co., Inc., 30 B.R. 776, and M/Juero( McCraw, 18 B.R. 140 IBkrtcy. W.O. Wis. 1982), all of which gfilntl..'(! crWilQrs relief to proceed in k"Cli!ral or state cour! withou t requiring ;lIlY showing as to tht,! nondischil rgeOlbility of the debt sought 10 be 1i<luidated in the nonbankruptcy COurL Even if tht"' debt Is dischargeable, the creditor has a right to liquidate it OInd to shille in whMeYer distribu tion Is made to holders of unsecured claims. Sec In rc

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JPS/BP Auburn Unlverslly at Montgomery 7300 Unlverslly Drive Monlgomery, Alabama 36117-3596

The A/aooma Lawyt'r

Olm:.tc.ld, 606 F.2d 1356; In rl! Wh~/er Croup, Inc., 75 B.R, 200 (Bkrtcy. S.D.

Ohio 1987) (''The liquidation of claims Is a necessary step in bringing any bank. rupt cy case to a conclusion '1, imd In Ie Phll.)cklphlll A/Melle Club, Inc., 9 a.R. 280 tBkrtcy. E,O. POI. 198IJ. In f'hII,ldelph,a Alhl('lic Club, the court mOlde the following obscrvations regardIng the creditor's right to liquidate a dOlim: '~ the l>rcscn t, the stat(' Court plilintiff has only an unllquidat(!(J claim llgalnst Ihe deblor, ThaI claim must be IIquldatt."Cl In order fOf Ihe debtor's case undt"!r chill)ler 11 to proceed. The question Is wha t will be the most c)(1)(!(litiouS alld fair wilt to liqUidate thaI claim. In the Instaru Cao>c thQre h<We alre.ldy been lengthy !>,ocecdings In the stilte cour!. To requirc the stale court 1)lillnliff to st.UI thost"! proc(!CdIngs all over agilin in I~ is court will cie"rly be a WilSIe of Jud1ciill and legal time "nd t.ffort.

"Consequently, we Will modify Ihe St.lY to /X'fnlit the st.lle court plaintiff

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to continue the St;lle court action against thc debtor and other defendants to its conclusion for the l>lIrpose of liquidating her claim against the debtor, If Ihe plaintiff Is successful In Ihal action and obtilins a final ludg. ment against the debtor and the other defendants, however, she will still be stayed bo,-the order acc:oml:t..lnying this opinion from procl'Cding on that judg· ment Jg.llnstthe debtor or Its proper· Iy, She would,l nstcJd, be required to file her liquidated claim In this courl against the dehtor so thM she would r~ei'IC the 5<lme fOlie of dividend as OthCr crl>dicors in her class."

9 B,R, m 282-83. The plilintiffs in Underwood did argue thilt a creditor's claim muSI be liquidated rcgardless of whether the debt Is dlschnrgeablc and thm Jddlng nondischMgeablllty as II prerequisite to reliE.f from the stay 10 I)roceed with Iltlga. lion outside the bilnkruptcy court docs violence to onc ci the very f(.ow oPl>orllm· hies a c((.'dl1or has to rl,'Covcr ,my of a debt owed by virtue of Cduses of action which C.1n be liquidatlod only through ,an ordel entered by a nonb.lnkruptey court.

The plaintiffs also argued that requiring a showing that thc debt Is nandis· chargeable as a precondition to relief from the stay to proceed with a lawsuit against a debtor In a nonb;anktuptcy Court dcoies 1)lainliffs the O!>llOrtunity 10 liquidate a dl!bt If it is shown to be dischJrgeablc. The nct result would be that such l>Otenlial Judgment creditors of a debtor will be unable to pattlcl l:t..ltc in the di ~tribution of assets from the debtor's estate thilt will go to all other unSl'Curec:! credi lOrs holding dischargeaole debts.

Cost of debtor'li defenSe as a fa c tor The deblOr hI Ullclerwood <lfgu(!(! tha t the crux of the mattcr was thm the equl. tics, when considering the hardshil) Orl the debtor resulting from the physlc.ll ~trcnuosilY on the debtor and the costs of litigating the nonbankruptcy case in comparison to the hardships on the 1)laintiffs, weighl.-d in filvor of the debtor.

The bankruptcy COurt agreed: "S.lSf!d upon the tesllmony rocel'lCd, the Court considers that the equities 1:t..1I;mce in favor of mai nt.l ining the stay ill place. The irtig.ltion which the 252

mOVilnts desire 10 I)u rsue is burdensonIC arId will impose a substarllial burden on the Debtor to provide for J defense for himself. The Debtor is without income J l'ld is physically in poor heahh. His prospects for emplovmenl are not presently very promising.

If he is required to defend this litigation, he would probably ha\.1.! to do so withoul c(!unsei. He lWuld be dl.'fliLod the fresh start to which he is entitled under the Barlkruptcy Code:' In the Maller 01: Robefl/enn;ng5 Under. wood, case no. 87·10133 (Bkrtcy. N.D. Ala. January 26, 1988).

The 1,lilintiffs reSpondl'(! that thl1 caS(!s dealing with the subject of a debtor's d~ fense coSt ~ hold that such cosu of defense do not constitute a burderl sufficient to deny relief (tom Ihe automatic St.1y. See In re Todd Shipyards Corpor.l ' lion, 92 B.R. 600; In re Unioi/, 54 ax 192; In re Sle({ens Farm Supply, Inc., 35 B.R. 7:1; In re HI,JIlfer; :12 B.R. 140 (1jkrtcy.

S.D. Fla. 1983) ilnd Marrer of McCraw, 18 B.R. 140 (IlkrtCy. W.O. Wis. 19821. The rule also Is true in cases dealln8 with RICO claim~. 5et.· In re TUllier, SS B.R. 498 (6krtey. N.D. Ohio 1985) alld In ((! "/of/man, 33 8.R. 937 (Bkrtcy. W.O. OkIJ. 19831.

The Un/oil court addressed the high COSIS of defending against a securitiesbased ca~ and found : "The debtOr hols pointl-d out that the securities litigation woutd entJII gre,}! ellpense, in terms of both time and money, that could otherwise be uti· lized tOWJrds nffeeting [sic] a suc· cessful reorgilni7iltion . However; the high C05t of defending securitie~ IItl. gation is not sufficient, by itself. to CQnStitute "grcat prejudice;' which would prl'Clude modification of the Stay. ICllatlorlS oml:tedl. FurthermOre, the presence o( co-defendilnts may rCo duce Ihe debtor's legal expenses since it would be able todrilW upon the ef· forts of its co-defendants In defending aSilinst the securities prosecution.H 5'1 U.R . at 195. The bankruptcy court and the diStrict COOrl did not discuss what effeci denial of relief to proceed would have on the plaintiffs or what JAlII thaI clfcel played In weighing tile equities in Ihe case.

Misconducl as a fa clor Certain causes of action have inherer\! in them sPl-'d,,1 considerations that must be lak~ into account when delelltllnirl8 whether HC.luse" exists for relief from the automiltlCSlay to I)roceed In J nonbank' rul)tcy forum to prosecute those 3Ctions.

Although the oonkr\IIJtcy court in Under1't'OOd considt!red .the securities and RICO cauSt.'S, it did SO only in terms of the dt!btor'~ burden of defending against such litigation in a forum not designed with the debtor In mind.

RICO, securities Violations, fraud ilnd Olher actions I)rcscnl unique questions of the debtor's conduCI J ~ Jn element in weighing the equities. See generally, Burger K/ng Corporation 1'. 8-K of I<iln) .1£, IIIC., 64 IlR. 728 (D. Kansas 1986); In rc ~/<1rIley, 55 B.R. 781 (Bkrtcy. N.D. Ohio 1985); Un/oil, S4 B.R. 192; 343 EllSl 43rO Strce/ ~loldl1l8 Corp., 46 B.R. 562 (Bkrtcy. 5, 0 . N.Y, 19851; In re Turner; 55 B,R. <198 <Bkrtcy. N.D. OhiO 19B5); In ((!

Ill.Imphrcys 1\.>$/ Control Comp.lny, inc., 35 Ilk . 712 (8krtcy. E,O. Pa. 19841; In re

/-Ioffman, 33 B.R. 937 (Bkrtty. W.O. Okla.

19831, and In' ro !iighcresl MilnagcmCrl/ Co., Inc., 30 B.R. 776 (S.D. N.Y. 19831.

Sec also In re Cinn.:Jb.:ir 2000 f-/aircullers, Inc., 20 B.R. 575 (BkrlCY. 5 D. N,Y, 19821.

Until the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the lowef ccurls' decisions in Undcr\\lOQd, it appe.lred th(l\ Ihere was a strong policy to allow cases ifM)lving lilleged misc;onduct by the debtor to go forward In the original forum to avoid having b.lnkrUI)lcy used as a shield to protect the debtor against (ull and final adl udlcation. See f-/i8hclesl ManagCo mem, 30 6.R. at 778. Yet, neither Ihe b.lnkrUI)tcy court nor the district court In Underwood ill)I)lilod this factor to the RICO. securities liIW viohuions and Com· mOn !;lw 'mud case befole them.> Jurisdic tional consider.ltiOllS Finally, there Is the question of whelher a bJnkruptcy COUll hJS the jurisdiction 10 liquidate claims agillnst a debtor thJt arc based on stille and fcderill nonbankrUI)tcy law. Sl'YCr.1 CourtS hilvc held that cases Invotlling nonbankruptey law causes of action are not subjcci to the I:t..lnkruptcy court's Jurisdiction. In In re Narlley, S5 B,R. 781, the coun was far::ed with a motion for withdrcJWill 01 the reference of an adversilry proceeding in the bilnkruptcv CQurt allegrng fraudulent Seprember 1989

transfers, RICO viola tions and other misconduct, The motion to wilhdraw wa s premised on 28 U,S.C,A, 5IS7(dJ which I'C<luires mandatory withdrawal of mat· tetS Involving Inte/Sfate commerce. In discussing Its conclusion, the court stated: "This OI)lnlon Is b.ued upon Ihe juriSdielioMI limitations of 5157 of the Bankruptcy Code. ':Accordingly the Court finds that the record of this nse SUl>portS an affirmatl~ determination that resolution of the instJnt adversary I)roceedlng would require substantial al'ld material cOnsideration of both Title 11 lind non.bankruptcy fedmal statutes regu, latlng org.lnl1.;uions or activities afft.'CI· ing Interstate commerce, therefo re making w!thdl;'lw;'l l of the reference mandatory unoer 28 U.S.C.A. §157{d) "The Court agrC<!s with COlliN and finds Ih,lt the p.utles may not consent to confer jurisdicllon to the Bankruptcy Court matter'S which arc excluded

by SI57(d).

"Judicial economy recluires that a BankrUI)lcy Judge flOt be forced to hear a Case for which the Court i~ denied jurisdiction by SI57(d).H

Id. al 784·785. The court In BurBer Klns, 64 8.R. 728, another mand;'ltory wllhdrawal C.l 5e, agree(!: "Burger Klng'~ ~mainlng claim of trademark Infrillgemenl, ;Ilong with the debtors' anUtrust and RICO counterclaims, entail milledal and subst,mti,,1 consideriltion of non'(ode fcderililaw. Thl.'·se I(l\tcr cI,'Iims will requ ire COnsidtlr<1tion of Il'Iws regula ting activltltlS affedlng interstate commerce .... ''There Is no question this cl'lse Is Ihe type provided for by the second sen· tence of section 157 which re<lulres mandatory wlthdrilW;11 by the Di strict Court . IQuotlnllllilft/cy, supm/:' Id. a l 73 1. O lher courts, In finding thilt relief from the stay should be gr,lntcd whim nonb,mkruptc.:y 1,1W i1ctions arc In. volved, have htlld thaI the most a bank· ruptcy court could do would be to render proposed findings of fJeI and condu-

The Alabama Lawyer

SIOrlS of law 10 asslSllhc district court in entering iI ruling but such I>rOI>OSl'd find· Ings ilnd conclusions would nOI be bind· Ing. See In re Turner, 55 B.R. 498 fa melion for relief case thill discussed the Import of mandatory withdrawal In deter· mining "CdUS(>" for relief); In 'c lIumphreys I\>st Control Co.. Inc,. 35 B.R. m, and In rc H ighcresl Manasement Co., Inc., 30 B.R. 776. Those cases re<:ognize that, CllE'n should the p..lrties agree to hJYe wch iI case invoMng stilte und fed· er'll law ilctians hCill(i by Ihe bankruptcy court, Ihe diStrict court still would have to make the final determination ,llld, further, If the dctlon wcre broughl In the bankruptcy COUlt wlthoulthe con· sent of the opposing party, It would be subject to mandatory wlthdraw,,1 to the district court.

The Ek'Vt)nl h Circuit Court of ApP(,.ll~ In Underwood ill>l)Cars to disilKfee. In dCilling with the que,tlons of ju rl~d lc­ t1011. misconduct, cmrs of IItlg.ltion .1nd other f']clors, the coun's discussion WJS IImlled as follows: "The record docs not suggest thaI the findings of the oonkruptcy court were cle"rly erroneou(, nor was the cou rt'~ decision nOt to lift the Stil)' ,m abuM! of disct(!tion. Appel1anl~ may I)~ the nondischarge.lbillty of thclr d.llms Jgainst appellC<! In Ihe oonkruptcy coun Jnd then renew theIr motion for relief from the automatic stay. 'l\ppellMlts Isicl olher argumenh .lrf' wi thout merit. The oonkruptcy COUll docs not I)ro ~ to try thc se<:ufllies (',Hid or RICO dalms. Instead, It will determine the diKhargcilbility of those dilims I,!nder )(."CIlon 523. Some Issues may ovI'rlap, ~Ild thiS may put th tl ~m)(!II;Hl t s to I:Ireater eXI)CIlSC and effot!. but dlschargeJblllty Is Itse lf a quesilon for Ihe bankruptcy court."

In rc: Robert Jenning) Underwood; Rich·

;lrd D{lrham, t'f al., v. Robt'rt I. Underwood, No. 88-7385 at pag('~ 3·4.

dt:<slglMted "dt) 110t publish," Its condl,!· slon Jnc! exi~tence appeilr 10 indicate Ihat .1 pl.1il1liff wilt hJYe to prO'l{-', in addition to other filClOtS discu5St.od herei n. thill its cI"ims are non&Khargcabic. ThaI may rt.'<luire prl'5ef1ting the C.lSC 011 the ll1erib In the bankruptcy court, then seelcins relief (rom the s!.lY.ll1d fina llv, if Ihe relief IS Kr.ln tcd, proceeding to PlOY(! its C.lse agJln before the flOnb.lnkruptcy courl to obMln ,1 judgment, If the claim is found by the bankruptcy court to be discharKcable, the plaintiff m.l)' not have ,lny claim il l dll unle~s the b;mktupt<."Y court alJr~ to cstimiJ te the d"lm under 11 U.S.CA. §S02(c) which could -'NCII require thJlthe 1)laintiff pre_enl to the bJnkruptcy Court ils nonb;:mk· luptey ca~ on the meri ts. Either way, the result (Ippeaf"i to be th<1l f('<icml und sl(lte 110nb.l nkrul)tcy lilW case~ will be put before Ihc b.1I1kruptcy court notwithstandIng the que~ t lo ll of jurisdlctioli.

Ultlm;t\cly, welghlnK or bal.1nclng the equltic~ very likely is the answcr to the (IUcstion ,llthough the Eleventh Circui t's opinion docs not pr<wide much suld.

Joce. Underwood Indicates the factors con~id{'(ed In th(-' b.llancing process arc subjt'(t to eh.mge ba!te(1 on the debtor Involvt.'d wi thout r(-'sard to lh~ poltll'llial iudgment creditor. Finally, the debtor'S fr(-'ih ~ t.lr t , "lthuugh nOt CVCll1iSlcd as a f,)CIOI; may be the lleavl~t cooslderJllon on the sc.llcs.

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Riding the Circuits Billdwin County Bar Association The Baldwin County Silr Association

recently elected new oWcers for the 1989-90 term. Tht..." are as follows:

Preslden!: Moille P. Johnston, Fairhope Vice-president Mary E. Murchison, Foley Secrctaryllreasurer: Fred K. GlOlnade, Bay Mlneue

Birmingham Bar Association The Young Lnwyers' Sccl10n of the

Birmingham Bilt Associa tion has ScI up it speakers bure~ u . Tlm Smith, of Thomp$On, Griffis & Hooper, is chairperson of the burc;\U, Smi th hils been In contact

with approximately 500 organiZil!ions In the Jefferson County area and Is averaging approxlmOllcly one call per day requesting a speaker.

Apprmtima1Cly 30 to 35 Birmingham

young lawyers tnvc \()Iunteefcd to speJk to civic clubs and high schools; during law IM!ek, members of the speilker's bureau spoke to ilpproximately 16 different clas5Cs in the lC!fferson County area.

Smifh

The Birmingham YlS also SfMfed a scholm'Ship program (or fhelr prlmary service project, Ihe [)oy,onlO'Nn Firehouse M issiOn . The scholarship program WilS slarled wllh donalions (rom Birmingham attorneys and the YLS 10 dt'VClop a program to allO'N men living at l he old Firehouse sheller to run Ihelr own fishing lure buslnes~ Mitch Damsky heads Ihe commiuee which was formed after the donations were made. Damsky mel with the staff at the shelter 10 Ond an appropriate use for the money.

'54

The men reQ!i~ training from Damsky, who ha~ made lures fOT illXM fr~ years.

In addition, membelS of the Birmingham Fly Fishers and the Shades Valley Ch.1Pler of Troul Unllmlled ha~ Y(llunteered 10 provide training. The men already have milde it substan tia! number of lu~ which sell for $2 .50 a piece and will b<! dislllilYCd al it local sporling goods store.

Also Ihis yeilr, the Birmingham YlSdonated II telL'Vi sion and VCR to the Jef(erson County lall. r he equl l)menl 15 being used for Inmates to work on thei r GEDs throllsh the use of video programS. M ike Wrigh t, John Herndon and Fred McCallum agreed to co-chair the 1989 YLS fundriliser for the AI"bilma Council on Epilepsy. The Legal Secretaries A~ soclatiOn and Birmingham YL$ get prizes donated and PUI together an eYCning 10 benefit the Alabama Coundl on Epilepsy.

Choctaw County Bar Association The Choctaw County Bar Association held its annual m~ting in Buller, Alabama, May 11, and elected officers for 1989-90. Officers (lie: Presidenl: J ~ph W. li utchinson, 8utler Vice-president ; John W. Sharbrough, BUller-Mobile Secretaryllreasurer: J. lee McPhearson, Butler

County to be sumnloned for jury duty.

A jury selected from the seniors at Escilmbla Cou",y High School, Flomaton High School and ESC.lmbla ~ heard the Ilial of an actual criminal case May 2. A Jury selecled flOm the seniors at T.R. Miller High School, W.S. Neal High School and Southern Normal High School heilfd a different criminal case May 3. These trials Involved actual pend.

Ing criminal cases nnd, by agreement of the I)artles, the senior jurors decided each case. The remaining Seniors observed the trll1l. Prior 10 reporting (or jury duty, the seniors ill each high school wtlrc given a Juror orientation program by various members of the Escambla County Bar, and each st!nior WJS served with a Juror summons by ,ln Escambla County deputy.

During the week or M~ 1-5, mi,lrTlbers of the Escilmbla CounlY Bar appeared each day on various radio Stations throughout Ihe coun ty 10 discuss p.1r1icular areas of the IIIW and answer questions called in by the listeners. Some of the topics CO\ICred were estate planning. prohiJte, domestic relatK)nS, criminal prosecutions, personal Irjury litigation all(! small claims court.

Escambia County Bar Association At 11 recen t meeting. the Esc,l mbia County Bar Association elt.'Cted officers for 1969·91. The officers eli';lctl.'d are; President: PJul OWens, Brewton Vice-president; Broox Gllfrell, Jr., Brewton Secret.uyllrea~urer: J~mes Michael Perry, Brewton The Escarnbia County Bar Associa tion sponsored several actl ... ilies in observance of law Day. The bar arranged for aU high school seniors in Escambla

On May 4, a La\v Day banquet was held at Ihe Brc.'Wton Country Club. Retired Circuit Judge Robert E.l. Key of the 35th Judicial Circuit w.n the keynote spe;1ker and was presented wilh a s(X'Clal gift from the Escambla County Bar In rccognition of his milny years of distln· gulshed service.

•

September 1989

Recent • •

D CS

by John M. Milling. Jr" .lnd David B. Byrne, Jr.

Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court of Alaba ma Actions, , , in commercia l setting where only product is injured, plain· tiff's remedy limited 10 conlract Lloyd \-\.bod Coal Co. v. CI.uk Equipmenl Co., 23 ABR 1789 'Aprll 7, 1989). lloyd bought a fronH>nd loader manufactured by Clark Equip. mt;!nt Comp..lny. A !¥If.1UUC hose !Up. tUflod, causing a fire that resulted In substantial damage to the IOtlder, No one was InjuJl.xI and flO otner property was damaged. Lloyd sued Clark and others In 10rt, cI.liming that the etjulpment was negligerltly designed and 1Ilso cliliming ullder theories of w.1n· tonness ilnd strictlillbilily. The defend· ilnlS filed motions for summilry judg. rnCrit mllintilining thllt there Is no 10rt action where there Is a commercial product and 11 defcel or mill function results in damagc only to Ihe I)roduct itself. The trial court granted defend· ants' motion for summllry judgment, ilnd U<¥I appcall..>d. The supreme COurt affirmed.

In a case of Initial Impression In Ala. ooma, thc sup-eme court held th.lIthe plaintiff's remedy in such case is lim· Ited to a contract aCllon. The court noted that the majority rule is that a

The Alabama L<lwy('r

manufacturer in a commercial rela· tionshil) has no duty under either neg· ligence or strict I)foducts liabillty theory to prevenl a prOduct from in· Juring Itself. Damage 10 a product is most naturally underStood as a warranty claim. Of course, an aClion in tort would h~ arisen had there lx.;en perwnal injury Of injury to propcny otner than to the product itself. To the extent that Joe Sarldin fold, Inc. v.

American IndemnifY Company. 399 So.2d 28 1 IAla. 1981), is in conflict with this opiniol'l, it is hereby over· ruled,

CourtS. , , ul'lofficial transcript of hl!aring not admissible as evidence

Ell parte French (In rc: French If. GTE Communication System s), 21 ASR

1560 (March 24, 1989). French sued GTE in district court alleging breach of contract. The hearing was held, and GTE hired a stenogrilphcr to record the proceedings because the distriel court did not appoint an official reportC!'. The district COUrt enter@djudg· ment in favor of GTE, and French ap. pealed to the circuit COurt. GTE flied II motion for summary judgment in circuit court and filed a COI1t' of the slcnogl'ill)her's transcript of the district court proceeding. French IT'lO'o'ed to supprc)s the triallranscript, maintain11'18 Ihat It was not admissible in cir· cult courl, The trial court denied the motion 10 suppress, and granted GTE's

lohn M. Milling. is a member of

David 8. 8~rne, Jr. , Is a gr.lduale of the Un iverSity of Ala· barna, where he received both his unOe'Hraduatc ilnd

Ir"

th~

firm of Hill, Hill, Carter, Fran· c~ Cok 8; B/ild< In Montgomery. He is a graduate of Spring Hill College and the University of Alabama School of I..nv. Mil/inB covets the civil portion of the oeciJions.

law desrccs. He is il member of 'he Monlsomery firm of Robison & Belser and COVM the criminal pori/on of lhe cJcclSlonS,

2S5

motion for Sl,Immllry judgmeJ'lI. The COurl of civil appeals affirmed and on certiorilri to the Suprerllc court, the supreme court reversed.

The court noted that whi le §12-12-2(c), Ala. Code (197S), allows any party to employ a reporte r or provide for a tfan script of iI di strict cOurt proceeding. it, however, does not say for what puqXlse the transcript r\"Hly be used . Nor does Rule 80. Ala.ROII.P., answer the question. Indeed, thiS rule applies to;1I1 officia l stenographer. The court reasont.,(J that §§ 12.17.270through 277 control this issue and held thill (In urlOmCili1 trarlScrlpt prep.;lrW by a person no t duly liPpointed;m official court reporter pursuant to slIid Sr!CtiOrlS, or approved by the adverse party, Is Inadmissible In a subse(tuent trial. Since the transcript was not admissible, II could nOl be considered in support o( a motion for summary jlrdgment. An unomcial t ran~ril)t coul d be used to " revive a forgollen trOlin of thought" or for imp\!OIchmenl.

Insurance. , . plaintiff has burden of p rov ing th at tort-feasor is uninsured Ogle v. lDng. 23 ABR 20 40 (April 28, 1989). Plalnl l({s were Injured in a vehi-

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de accident with long. Plaintiffs sued Long and attempted service by mail. The complaint was returned, however, marked "uncli1im'-.od;' i1nd 1)laln tiff r'llodc service by publica tion. Long (ailed 10 answer, and plalnll((s took a de(~ul1.

Plaintiffs notified thei r uninSured motorIst carrier, Preferred Risk, of their intention to file a UM cI"lm. Prr;)ferrOO Ri sk moved 10 intervene and set aside the de(ault. The trial court granH..'d both mOtions. The tri al pr(x;(:('ded and, al the close of the plaintjff~' case, Preferred Ri sk moved for a d lrC(tcd vcrd lct on th(l gmurlds that the plalnllffs had failed to prove tha t Long was u ninsured. The trial court gr.lnted Preferred Risk's motion, and plaintiffs appealed, The supreme court affirmed.

The court Slated thM although §32-7-23, Ala. Code (1975), Is silent OIS to who has the burden of prOYlr'lg the ur'llnsured stalus of the defendant, It generally is recognized tha t the plaintiff bea~ thi s burden. An e)(ceplion is reco gni.wd, however, If the 1>laintif( used reasonable diligence to ilscertilln the uninsured sta tu s of the tort-fed sor and such information was unobtainable. The burden of goi ng forw<1rd with the evidence th en Is cast UI)!)n the defendalH. Plaintiffs undertook nO investlgatior) of Long \0 determine his status. The mere filing of a lawsuit <1nd taking <l default does nOl demonstrate "reasonable d lligence~ In aStert.,inlngthe tort·feasor's insurance SUl tUS. Thus, the burden of going forward d id nOl shift 10 Preferred Risk.

Insura nce . .. payme nt o f insurance be nefits admissible as admission againsl inte rest

TRUCK ACCIDENTS -

Univers<ll Underwriters Ins, Co,

v,

Sher.

rill, 23 A6R 1766 (Apri l 7, 1989). Sherrill

was <1 passenger injured In an automobile driven by ScOIl . SCull was emplOyCtl by Edwards Dodge and driving one of ils vehicles when the acciden t occurred. Edw.1fds Dodge was insured by Univcrsal Underwriters. Universal denied coverage ilnd filed this declariltory judgment action contending that Scott had devlalt!d from the scope of his pcrmi ss i~ use w hen the accident occurred. UI\!~ l's policy had a medical paymen ts provi sion w hich 1.111()'.oV(l(l paymem orlly If the driver of the automobile W.1S acting within Ihe scope of his permi ssion at the time of the acci. dent UniVCrs<ll inveslig.1te(1 the ilccident and after iln investig.ltlon l>aid medical benefits to Sherrill l1nd Scott's widow.

Ovcr the objecti on of Unlvers.11, the trial court permilled Sherrill 10 introdu ce evidence of the medica l ptt'/men ts. Universal maintains that the trial coun erred. The supreme coun dls,'lsrccd.

In a CdSC of first Impression In Alabam,'l, the court stated that evidence of payment of benefits under iI policy o( in _ surance, made after a Ihorough and complete investigation of coverage, is ildrniSsible as (In ildmi ssion against interest.

To rt s, , , A labama rec o gnizes ca use of action for tortiou s tranSmission of genital herpes Bcme' li. Cald'Nf!/I, 23 ABR t90 t (April 12, 1989). Plaintiff JllesC(i thilt d\...fendnnt negligently tran smilled genital hcrr>es to her during the course of a $(!Xual rcl atiorl· 5hip and sough t d,'lmages. Plaintiff cl aimed Ihat nC!ar the end of the relation sh ip, dcfendllr'lt d~loped arl Infection, which a doctor said wa s genital herpes,

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The defendant denied knowledge ,h;u he was h\fcclcd and 1)led assumption of the ri sk. The trial court granwd dcfvnd,IIl\'S mol ion for summary judgment, and plaintiff appealed. The suprenle court

,.",,,,,,d.

Tho court expressly ft.'Cognlzcd a cause of action for the toniOU5 transmiual of gCllltal herpes. The court nOled that lIS holding 15 In lint! w ith ,he public policy of Alabama as e\'ldcnccd by §12.11.21(c), Alii. Code (1975), which 11111kes it il l11is· demeanor to knowingly tr,lnsmlt a ~x· uilily tr.msmitted diseilse, Without outlin..

Ing Ihe specific elements, the court held that "one who knows or should know thai hll or she Is inf(.>(tOO with genital herpes Is undllr d duly to eilher abstain from sexual con tact w ith others or, at least, to warn others 0( the Infection prior to having contact with them :' The court fur ther noted that liability could also be imposed in Alabama for the transmittal of other sexually transmitted diseases.

stating thaI Ihe \Norker's Compensation Act conlrols and does nOt provide for the payment of intcn.>5t in such situations. On certlor.lrl, the supreme court reYCrsed.

The court noted thaI the YVorker's Compensation Act Is not entirely exclu· sive 10 the extent Ihm no ClIher St,lIllte c;!n ever apply. The court distinguished cast'S dealing with pre-jodgment irlterest ;!nd rea((jrmed that pre-judgment interest cannot be IIwllrded In II worker's coml;!Cnsmlon case unless the act expressly provides for it, Prt..... judgment interest would be P,I(\ of a daimOlnt'$ "rights and rl!medies~ gO\lCrncd exclusiycly by the act. Post·judgment interest is on thejudg. ment, not on a "right or remedy:' $t.'Ction 8·8·10 provides for Interesl on HJudg· ments for payment of money , , , :' The interest in thi5case is on a judgment lind, therefore, §8·8-10 applies to worker's coml~n smion awards.

Recent Decisions of the

Worker's compensation , , , Section 8·8·10 applies 10 worker'S compensat ioo judgmenls Ex parle Slanton (Re: Ttl(.' Second In-

Supreme Court of the United

;ury Trust Fund v, Stallion}, 23 ABR 1498

Presumptio n does nOI equn l intent

(March 17, 1989). Stanton was awarded worker's compensation benefits arId a lump sum anorney's fee was awarded 10 his 1:lWyer, Dan iel McCleayc, The a110r· ney fee award wn affi rml..'d on appeal.

McCleave demanded Ihm the Trust Fund pay interest on Ihe attorney fee award under S8·8·IO, Ala, Code (1975), which OIuthorizes inlere. 1on judgmenls for the paymenl of money. The trial courl ruled Ihal S6-a-IO 3pplloo and ordered payment of interest. The Tru$t Fund appealed to the court of civil appeals whi ch reversed,

Carel/iJ v. California. case no. 87-6997 ijl,lne 15, 1989J- Was II man convicted unfairly of stealing a lental car because JurorS W'Cre inSlructl'd that they could presume thaI his failu re to retl,lrn Ihe ca r amounted to the reqUisUe Intent to com· mitthcll l The Supreme Court, In a unan· imous oplnlol'l, said ves.

The JUStiCes, in unsigned OI)lnlon, said the Jury instruction could have led 10 a guilty ~rdi ct without any findhlg beyond a reasonable doubt th(lt the m1111 intended to commit a crime.

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Double jeopardy /Ones \I. Thoma s, case no. 880420 Uune 15, 1989)-Oid a ft!def;!1 apl)atlille court corrcctl y CM!tturn 01 criminal dcfendllnt's life scntence after ruling thaI his doublejeopardy protection had ~n violated!

The Supreme Court, In a nl'C-t<>foor docision, 5;1id no, The defendant had bC<!n sentenced to 15 years in prison (or att(ompted robbery and to life in prison (or felony murder, with both charges stemming frOnl Ihe sanle crime and coursc of conduct. A state COurt ruled lh;lt the multiple sentences were not aUlhorized by state law, I.e" mul\ipllcious for sentencing pur. poscs, Thc stale COurt credited the time Ihe defcndant had Served on the robbery sentence to his murder sentence, but the

,~

,Ill

AUBURN

Dr. Michael S. Morse

The coon also rejected tile prosecutors' nrgument that such nn error was harm· less. In the opinion of the court, the in· struction relating to the resumption im· presslbly shifted the burden o( proof borne by the stllte as 10 each of the requ isite clements of the offense.

Dr. Thaddeus A. Roppel (20S) 826-6610 A.bunI, A.L , )61)0 • ta,ert a •••••• Wdcolil e

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Eighth Circuit ruled that the life sentence had to be thrown OUI. Justice Kennedy, writing for a bare mao jo rity of the court disagreed, stating,.

"Neither the Double Jeopardy Clause nor any other corl slitulional provi sion e~· iSIS to provide unjustified windfall s."

Justi ce Kennedy added that Ihc Slate court'S action provided suitable PrOtCCtion fo r the defend~n t's do uble-jeop(lrdy ri ghts.

Seizure and forfe iture v. Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel Caplin & Drys dale v. U.s., ca se no. 87· 1729, U.S. v. MOIlSiln!O, case no. 88·454 Uune 22, (989)-May Ihe government sei t e Ihe mom..'Y and property of a cri mInal defendilnt facing tri:JllNen if tho se assets were Imended 10 pay for ICKal help~ The Supremc Court. In a five-tOfo ur decisi on, said yes. led by Justicc Whi te. the co url said In a I)air of decisi on s that a federal drug proceeds fo rfeiture law docs not viola te fair· Irial rlghts. l-lcnce, the rlshllo an attorney in criminill trials is not violated when prosecutors obl~ in court orders allowing th em to freeze a defendant's assets, in-

I'll

,!In\l.,1 1,

itl

ciudlng the funds used or Intended to be used to hire the attorney or his choice.

Justice While observed, '~ defendant has no Sixth Amend ment ri ghl to spend another person's money for services rendered by iln aU(lrney, t.>ven if Ihose funds are the only W:.r.j thatlhe dl..>fendanl will be able to relain the attorney of his choice:'

Mir.lnd.l w eaken ed D uckworfh v, E<J8JTJ, case no. 88·317 U\me 22, (989)- M~y pollee who warn criminal $uspe(;ts of their right to remai n silent and have a lawyer's help indude language Informin8th~ $uspects Ih"1 free legal help will not be aIIaiiable until their first court appearance? The Supreme Co urt, in a dose fl ....e-Io·(our dcclsiorl, s"id yes.

The eO\Irt In Duckworth held timt police may modify the Miranda warnings they give criminill suspet:ts by telting them lawyers only will be appointed (or them If they go 10 court. The decision reversed a Seven th Circuit ruling that found the Mir;Jnda ",mnlng varta tion too confUSing for suspects who mlghl be led to believe they had to talk to police wilh-

out a I~r's help 11100 poor 10 hire one.

Chief Justi ce Rehnqu lst said, "In ou r view, the court of apl>eals misapprehended the effect of the ind\Ision of the 'i f ,1nd when you go to court' language in Ihe Miranda wMn ings."

NO right to appellate counsel following direc t appeal Murray v. Glarralarlo, c;asc No, 88·411 U\me 22, 1989)- 15 a statc required to provide free coun sel for indlgcnt death row inmates who losllheir inilial round s of appcalsr The SUI)rCme Courl, in a sharply divided opinion, ~i1id no.

The Supreme Court ru led that the Con· stitution's due-process and EIgh th Amendment guarantees do not enllll.:> (;\lpitill defendants to (ree legal help in state habeas ,,(; ti o n$. In the Supreme Court's view, "ihe addi tion,,1 s;lfegu;lrds Imposed . . . at the triill s'~ge of a cilpilal case are, we think, su/ncient to assure the reliability of the process by whi ch the death penal ty Is Iml>osed: ' Minority a nd the death penalty Slanfofd v. Kentucky, case no. 87·5765, Wilkins v. Missouri, Cilse no. 67·6026

rli hliJ-!l,

I. Thursday morn /nil meeling51lot startC</ with lin AllIoomllUrw FOund;)tiOn IruStl..'eS' br!}llkfll SI. Staw bllr ~IMf rY'ICrn\)cfs DIMe IM"::ldon (left} ~nd Margaret Soone (It the regi strati on table Ten e~hlhilors had displays In Huntsville. General Counsel Robert NorriS and wife Milrtha ilt Thursday·s Bloody Mary !>arty Federill Distri ct Judge Seybourne lynne, co-recipient of this year's Jud icial AW;lrd of Merll , JI lhe Bench afld B~r 1\lflcheon . . . . .. ;md t o-recipient rei ired Ci rc;ull Judge [Hmes O. HHley. Robert Sellers Smith ",'C!coml..'tI thl.' 1989 cOn'o(:ntion to I luntsvi!le. Robert Raverl, prf:sldeJU of til.:> ABA, w;as the luncheon guest speaker. , Jim Carl11)bcll WJS recognized for his successful sponsorship of several bills d uring Ihls Legi slative session.

Bill CIJfk. 1989 recipient oflhe W<lhcr P. Cewin ;)Ward Former Covernor Albert Brewer, al ong wilh Dennis Balske [not picturedl, thi s year'S rt'Ci l)ientS of the Aw:!rd of Meri t I Marriage counselOr )Ohrl COrllpcre hosted il rl1arrlage ellrichmerlt $(lrnlnar Thursday after. noon. 1 Tht; year's memhers hip rec;cp!lon wa s held al the Sp.lce and Rocket Center. I NASA i1Stronaut Jiln D~l s made a speci al appearance althe lece!)tlon, olllhe 20th antllvcrsary of mDn's first walk on the moon . I Friday mornlng's Pa51Presidents' breakfast attendees Some of the SI}()UseS going on the BOilZ ;hopping s pr~ O ilktcy Melton (left) ilnd Alab.lma Court of Crimimll APJX'i1I ~ Judge and fOrmer GCM!rnor John Pdltc rSOn at Updat.:> '89 H. Supreme COurt Associllt.:> Justice Gormarl l~ou S lon gove Ihe clvlll;lw ulxtate. t' Andy Campbell, ch;llrperson, 6Ullness Torts ilnd An t/trust Section President Gary Huckaby presents Regg e H~mner with an engril\ll..>d d ock, rl..'COllniting his 20 years of scrvice to the bar. '1. Regsic I~ amner gillCS Virginia 6;111, G(lry Huck(lby's secrcl;)ry, II eertl fle;!tl;! of IIpprecl(l[ion.

Gary Huc;kaby (c;enter) with Jeanne I-Iuc;kaby (righ t) and 1),,1 51 Pwsi dent Jim \J orth (left) ,II frid,1y night's dinner/dance President-clcct Al v,l Caine an d Kathryn Caine Commissioner and Prcslden t-elect designate I~ a rold Albritton dances with wife Jllne . . • . • . as Supreme Court AssociMC Justice 1-I\18h Maddox dilm:es with wife Virlliniil. $tall' b(lr staff member Jenny William~ gets il5}istilnt general counsel Tony McLain reildy for Saturday'~ Furl Ru n.

President·cl cct Caine rI1 3d.:> a good showing at the fini sh IIllel Race winnerS were, left 10 righi, front row, Al ston Keith, Sarah Grace and overall winner John Evans. BilCk roN, Katherine Spransy, Rennie Moody. Mary Murchison, Tennen t Lee, Mllrlha !"Iarrls. Bill HairSto n " nd Gordon Godwin President Huckaby and Presldent·elec t Cillne (II Smurday's Commillces' Breakfas t. III Wilnda Devereillix recei ves a certifical.:> of appreciation for work on Ihe Characler and Fitness Commlltt.'e. lee C. BrJdley, Jr., W,l Srecognized as Ihe oldest nlcmber of il commitlee.

Chief Justice Sonny l~orn5by gave the state of the judiciary ,lddre~~ d\Irins the plcnJry session.

G;Jry Huckaby gives his f.llcwell remarks.

President-elcct Albri tton ilddres~~ the morning audience.

Richilrd Brown wOn the mink WOlillr.

FOrmer commissiOner W"Yne Love recl!i~d a mcd~lliorl fOr service on the oo.l rd rJ b.1r commissioners.

Gr,ldy Jack~n l ong was amonllthe 5().ye;lr certificate recipients.

Blit Bl;1nchard, vice-chalr. perSon of the tnd lgent Defense Committee. accepls Ihe 3Wdrd of merit for Dennis Balske. I From left arc Gary Huckaby. Jr,; Brendil Huckaby; John Huckaby; Jeanne Huckahy; and M ic;hael H ~C; k.lby at 5;.1turday'$ plenary $eSsion. In the rC"JN atxMl ilre William Caine. K,lIhryn Cainc, Eleanor Caine and Al v'] Caine, Jr.

258

Se{Xember 1989

(lune 28, 1989)-May the death penalty be Impos«! on convicted murderers who were 16 years of age when thl.'Y committed their crimel The Supreme COurl, in a five-t o-four dedslon, said yes.

The Court produced a distinct flve.four split among the justices, wllh Justice O'Connor casting the con trolling 'lDte in a concurring opinion. Writing for the Court, Justice Scalia said no nalional consensus exiSlS tha t would make the practice a violation of Ihe Eighth Amendment. The justices, In effcet, drew Ihe al· lQw.lble line for c.lPltJI punishment at age 16 when last year they refused to uphold the death sentence o( a killer who was 15 when he committed the crime, tn this rulin~ the court said Ihal those 16 and I i' at Ihe time of their crimes may be execuled .

More limits on victim impact statements SoUlh Caro/ifl<l v, GaaWr5, case no, 88·305 (lune 12, 1989)-May a jury choosing bct~n Ihe dealh l>enalty and a life prison term for a corwicted killer be lold about the victim'S I>crsonal char· actcrlsticsr The Supreme Courl, In J five. to-four-deci sion, X\id no.

The justices ruled thai a Soulh Carolina murderer unfairly lViIS Sl.'fltl.'IlCOO to death because a prosecutor told the jury that the victim was a religious and community-minded person. Justice Brennan, wri ting for the court, held thm prosecutors cannot use testimonials about the character of murder victims to persuade juries during sentencing hearings to Impose the dealt! penalty. His opinion relied he;wlly on Ihe Courl'S 1987 decision In Boo/h v. Marilyn, 482 U.s. 496

Richard Wilson & Associates Reg istered Professional Co urt Reporte rs 17 Ml1dred Street Montgomery, Alabama 36104

264-6433 The Alabama Lawver

(1987), in which the court, In a fil!e-to(our decision, banned Nvlctim Impact stiitementsN from CJI)ital sentencing tdals, in Ihe South Carolina case, 1I prosecu· tor discussed what could be Infcrfl.'d from p.lpel'5-rellgious tracts and iI 'lDter regis/rJtion card-(ourd near the vic/1m's body, Justice 8rcnn<ln observed, "The con tent of /he various papers the victim hal>lJCned to be carrying when he was attacked was purely fortuitous, and can· not provide any informatloll relevant to the de(ond,W 's moral CU11>abllity:' Of gre;!t Significance Is the fact thilt Chief Justice Rehnqulst and JUStices O'Connor, Scalia and Kennedy dissented, stating that they were rcady /0 overturn Boo/h, Magistrates cannot preside over jury select ion Gomez v, U.5., caS<! no. 88-5014 (lune 12, 1989)- May federa l magistrates preside, without a defend~n t's COnsent, ~r jury selection in felony trials when delegated such duty by federallr1al Judgcsr The Supreme Court, In a unanhnous decision, said no.

Writing for Ihe Court, Justice Stevens S<lld a 1%8 taw, the Federill Magistrates Act, does not authom:e such duty by magistrates. The court also rejected the goYCrnment's argumem thaI such an error in this case was harmless. ";"mong IhoSt! bllslc fil ir-trial righls thilt can n(l\l(!r be treated as h;lrmlcss is a defend.lilt's right to an imp.1ftlal adjudicator, be it judge or jury:' he said. "Equally basic is a defendant's right to h~ all cri tical stages of a criminal trial conducted by a 1>C1SOfI with jurisdiction 10 l>reside,H

Enhancement of sentence A/aruma v, Smith, case no. 86-333 (lune 12 , 19891-0c>cs a prt!Sumption of judicial vlndlct l~ncss 'lPl>ly when a judge Itl1l>OSCS t\ harsher sentence 011 II criminal d~fcndanl convicted after backing out of il plea-b;!rgained agreement th.1I c"lIed for a lighter sentence? The Supreme Court in an eighHCK>ne decision, said nO. In a pair of 1969 decisions, Ihe Supreme Court Uml!cd jud~es' power 10 Impose more strlng(!I1t stmtcnces fOr defendonlS who withdraw gl/Ilty picas or who are resentenced after successfully appeOlling corwiaions or sentences. The Supreme Cour1'S ftltionille in tOOse cases was Ihat sentence enhancement had a Hchilling cffc.'Cf' upon the appellate process.

Alllbllma II. Smith, supr,l, rl'VCrscd one or the 1969 decisions al\d makes II distinction between two circumstances.

Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote, "There Is no basis for a presumption of vindictiveness where a second ntence imposed after a trial is heavier th,ln (I first sentence iml>OS<!d after a gull1y plea.H •

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Legislative Wrap-up

by Robert L. M cCurley, Jr,

The AI<lbama Law Insliruw held Its annual meeting <II the sta te bar mccting hI Huntsvi lle, Alaoom:i. The following orocers and cxcculill(! commlnee \NCre elected: President: Oakley Melton, Jr., Montgomery

Vice-president : Jim Cilmpbell, Anniston

Secrcw y: Bob McCurley, Tuscaloosa E~l.lli~

Commi!\{.'e: George Maynard, Birmingh<l!l1 Ri ck Manley, Demopoli$

Yella Samford, Opelika Ryan deGr.lffcnrlcd, Jr., Tuscllioosa

E.C. Hornsby, Tallassee It Is reported thm since the last ililnual meeting of the Institute the Legislature passed the following aCls: Alabama Fraudulent Tran sfers Act ~r of S"IQS in Mortg(lgcs Memorandum of lease Statute of Non-CI(lims

Registra ti on of Fedcml liens Alabama Trademark and Tradcnamc Act AmCr)dmcr'lISto the UrllfOI'r'r\ Guardianship arId Protective Proceedings Act Le8j slator~ rccognized at the annU<I! Bench and Bar luncheon for their sponsorship of Institute bills ......-ere senators RY<ln deGraffenricd. Jr.; Frank Ellis: Earl Hilliard: RiCk Milnlt:y; and Jim Smith. Also recogni zed were representalives Jim Campbell, Mike Box, Morris J. Brooks. Jr., Bill Fuller, Mike 11iI1. Beth Marlella, D{!metrlus Nl.owton. Phil Poole and Bill Slaughter.

Other revisions completed bo,t the Institute to be presented 10 the 1990 Legislature deal with condominium law, chaired

by E.B. f'ccbles of Mobile with Professor Gerald Gibbons ilS reporter: ~dop\ion lilw, ch<1ired by Bill Clark of Birming" ham with I'rofC$sor Cilmille Cook as reporter; ilnd the Alii" bama St'Curltil.>s Act. chairl.'(l by Burton Barnes of Birmingham with I'lQfessor M(mning Women !IS mporler.

The Alabama Law Institute presenlly has rt.....ision underway in the following areas: Probate Pro<;(-dure, chaired by E.T. BrOwn of Birmingham, Professor Tom Jones as reporter: Business Corpor;)tion Act, ch aired bo,t George Maynard of Birmingham. Professor Howilrd Walthall and Professor Richard ThiSI)f.m lIS Co-rePQrters; Rules of EYidence, chai red bo,t l>at Craves of Huntsville, Dctln Charles Gamble as reporter; and Miele 2A of the UCC, chaired by Bob Fleenor of

260

Blrminghilm, Professor Pcter Al ces as rel>otler.

A CQmmil1cc of the Institute, ch"ired i7)I IudS(! Joe Colquitt o(Tuscaloosa. Is l'CYislngthc pallern criminal jury Instructions. These will be distributed to each trial judge bo,t the Admini strative Office of Courts and nltlde ay,lUable to practicing allorneys through the AJ .. bama Institute of Con. tinuing legal EduC<ltion.

In conjunction wi th the AI"bilma School of law ilnd the Le;'lgue of Municipalities, model city ordinances ille being drMIl'l:1. These ordinanCes will SC~ as a model fOr small cities a~ Ihey develop their City codes.

Publications recently completed bo,o the Institute and available arc; Alaruma LegiS/ai/on, Sialutes and Cases, 2nd cdilion

(19B9); The 1£8islilliye Process, A Te.lcher's euide to Ihe Alilbama Legislalure, 2nd edilion (1989); Hiln(lbook fOr A/,lb<,m,l CO(lnty Commi5sioner$, 6th edilion (1989) ;

I ltJl1(//xxJk fOr Ainbim1ll Probate iud8~'5, 51h edilion (1989): The legislalive Process-A Handbook for Alaooma W8iSliJlors, 4th cd,'lion (1987); and Legi$lalive Pr()(;t,'$£ Film, N/JO II Enil~ted . .. ~ (1988) Also completed but distributed by the Admini strative Office of Courts IIIld Office of ProsecutiOIl Services during the past year wa s a new Indic/ment and \¥.]rrant Manual.

The Alab.-1m.! Supreme Court, aft~1 ~ars ()f Study, h<lSiu~t announced their adoption of the AI<loomti RulLos cJ Criminal Procedure. These rules will be distributcd in December 1989 wi th a June 1, 1990, effcctive date.

•

Robel/ L Mr:;Curlsy. Jr.. IS IfllJ director of Ih6 Alabar'lll\ Law

InSI!/UIe allfle Umversl/y 01 Alabama He received hiS undelgladual6 and IaN d&(JIOOS Irom rna Unlverslly.

Si!p((~mbcr

/989

Opinions of the General Counsel

by AlcJi W. lackson, assistant general Counsel

Allorney Disclualification: application of Ihe Substantial Relationship Test SeverJI reccn t Clhics opinions hilYC In\.'OlllCd the issue o( accepting representation of a client in a matter adve~ to it

former client. Recurring sllUa tlons iflYOlve proposed

representation of one party to a dil,()rce when the at torney, in filel , has represented the married coul>lc during the cour:;e of Ihe marriage. Another typical s!!uatlon occurs when an

aHorllCy Is ill>i)roached about ae<:cl)ting represcntal!on against a public bonrd or agency that in the l)a51he has rCI)rcscnted.

Among the cthka l concerns considered by the Disciplinary Commission and the Office of the Genera l Counsel In ;:lnS'NCrlng these (Iucries is the ~SubSlanljal Relationship Tesl.~

The so-called ~Substa nt lal Relationship Tesl is best defined on a functional basis. For eKample, 01)11'1101'1 RO-89-51 States H

as follows: ~ ... an attorney may underlake representation again)1 a former client, but only when such representation bears no substantial relationship to the previous representation, when there is no opportunity for the use or misuse of cOnfldences ilnd secrets obtllined during the represen tation of the fOrmer dient ilnd when there is no substantllllllkellhood thm the former dlent will be ilt an unf,l lr disadvantage as a result of the con· tl:1mplated reprcsenlOlIion."

An opinion published In the January 1986 Alabama Lawyer, and quoted with f;war in Opinion RO-89-35, cKpand(.od upon the confidential Of secfCf information concepl and Stilted tMI: ~I f there is a 'Substantial ~liltionshiP' ix.>tWeen the Issues In the prior rep~ntation of the former clien t arid the Issucs In the oontcmplated suit agi'llnst or position adVCfSe to the forrl'lC'r client such tha"he attorney could h.we learned of a 'confidence' or 's(,oc((.'1' of the former client that he can usc adversely to the form!:!r client and filvombly to the n(.w dlent, the attorney C<1l1nOt ethically proc(.'(.'(1ilgalns, the former client. To preclude aCl lon against a former client it is not nt.ocessary that the attOrr'l('Y did, In fact, receive such a 'confidence' or 'secret'."

In Opinion RQ-87-108 the Commission held that an attorney who handled a wrongful death action for a married couple could ethically handle a consent di\lOrce bet'NCCn thl;lm even though ~...the I)roceeds of the wrongful death action scll iemcnt would constitute a mllrltal asset, Isince]lhe Issues Jrwolvcd In that case are not substantillily rel:'lled to the Issues In thc marital proceeding. So long as Ihe spouse whom you do nOI rCI)fesent in Ihe divorce proceed ing con·

The Alabamll Lllw}·t.'r

sents to your representation of the other, you may ethically handle tlte dl\lOrcc proceeding."

Seeking to I)ull together these ideas, Opinion R0-89-62 stated In part that: "". there must be no iubstantial relationship between the subject marter of the p((IVious representation1s) and thc [present representation]. Secondly, there must be no opportunity to use, or misuse, coondcnc:es or secrets of the advcf'$e IXlrty to the adv.lntage of the represen ted party, or to thc dls"dvantilge of the non-represented par· ty, or the embnrrnssment of the non-represented party.

Questions Involving what is or is not a con fidence or secret of the client, and what is or is not damallinll or embarrassing to the non-represented party, should be resolved In fiNOr of the non-rcprosenlL'd pMy. The third test to be applied has to do with the dilution of loyalty on the part of the auorney. In essence this tCSt requires the atlOfOCY to ask himself whether his relationship with the non-ft."jlfC5(."I'Itoo party, Of his desire to have a fu ture rel.llionshil) with the non-repre~n t cd party, Is ol such a character as to dilut~ t(l any degree his loyalty to his present client. DISCiplinary Rule 5·101(1\} requires tha t a lawyer decline eml)iOyment, absent consent after ful l disclosure, If his professlonalludgment on behalf of thilt clien t will be, or reasonably may be a(fccl(.od by his own financial, bUSiness, property. or personallnteresl5. The fourth test applied has to do with the appearance of impropriety. C.mon 9 prOYides that a lowyt"r should a\IOid even the appearance of profesSional impropriety Ilrld Ethical Consideration 9-2 says, in pertinent part, that when i!Kplicit ethi(;ill guidance docs I'IOt exist, a lawyt"r should determine his conduct by nctlns In a manner that promOlc~ public confidence and the 11'1tellrity and efnclcncy of thc leg1l1 system lind the Icgal profession."

The Supreme Court of Alabama also has had OCcasion to consider the "substantial relationship" notion, most notably in Ex parle T.lylor Coal Company, Inc., 401 Sc.2d (Ala. 1981).

In that opinion the court adopted a malorlty view as e)l' prcssed In IC. & Theater CorporJlion v. I¥.lrnt'r BromM Piclurf.'S, Inc.• 113 F.SuPp. 265. 268-69 (S.D.N.Y., 19531, and as st~tcd as follows: "[Tlhe former client net.od show no more than that the matler5 entbr.lced within the pending suit wherein his former "ttorney apl>cars on behalf of his adversary arc substantially related to the nl alters or cause of action wherein the ""orney previously rel)(Csented hIm, thc

261

former client. The court will asSUlllc that d uring the course of the fo rmer represen tation confidences were disclosed to the attorney bearing on Ihe subject mailer of the rep. resentation. It will not inquire into the r"Iature and ellten1. Only in thi s manner can the lawyer's duty of absolute fidelity be enforced and the spirit of the rule rela ting to privi leged commlltllcatlons be maintalne<1.

"To compel thc client to show, Irl uddWon 10 e5tJblishlng IhJt the subject of the present ildvcrse representation is related to Ihe former, the actual confi den tial mailers previou sly enlrusted t(l Ihe <lltornl,.'Y and their possible vJlue to the pmserll clien t would teur aside the protective cloak drawn abou t the Imvy<!r-cllent (clatlor\ shlp.

For the COlirt to probe further and sift the confidences In (Jet revealed would require the d isclosure of the very matters intended to be protect(.'<i by the ru le [pn)Ie<: ting cl ient confidences]:' 'fhe court went on to state, hOlNe\lCr, that, "Th i ~ is not to SilY tha t when(.'Ver a substan tial relati onship is found the lawyer is automatically disqualified:' (Tdy/or, supra, p.7) The Court. 11'1 fuct, IOurld h\ the Tay/or case tha t there wa s a "substantial rel1ltionshlp," but concluded that there was no viola tion of canon 4 or <) of the Code of Professional Responsibi/iry- and no d isq utllifit;;:tl tion fo ll~ , Ala bama ethics op inion s and case I"w arc con siSten t in that. in OlPI)lication. a substan tial rel ationship, standing alone.

Is not enough to bring about attorney disqualification, Something more nlUst be present, and thm something must pose Of t;;:on stitute " threat to the former client.

Fu nctionally, ethical disqualification is going to oct;;:ur when, in addition 10 the substan tial rela tionship, some parti t;;:ulilr " 1)lllicability eJ(im between the informatiOn po ssessed ~ the iI" orney, by virtue of Ihi! former represen tation, and the conteml)lmed represen tation. Irl some In· stances ethics opinions allow wiJlver to cure t;;:onfli t;;:t andlor confidentiJJity problem s; in some, the substan ti al rela tionship is so "~ubSt~ntial" that the disquali. fication of 5·10l(C) is apl)lied. In the lat-

,.,

ter inst(ln t;;:e, by definition, the former cause of action ha$ bt'Cn found not JUSt substantially related 10 the present cause of action, but ra ther to be a part of the same cause of nction. Disci plir)ary Rule 5-IO I(CI provides that a lawyer shall not represent a party to a cause or his successor after having IHeviously represented an adlll;!n;e !'ilfl y or interest in connection therewith.

Thew stilndards ilpplied to the most common questions that occu r Indicate tha t representation of One SIXlU $e in a divorce action, when Ihe allorrlC!y has In the P.1St represen ted the couple, Is per· missible bu t that waiver I11lght be required. W,1ivert;;:an, fl lnctionally, cure inSubstilnti(ll t;;:onfli t;;:ts, as in the previou s ell1lmple of RO 87-108, w here the likelihood of prejudice or damage to the un. mpreser\led fOrmer clienl is slight, Waiver of more substan tial conflicts clecrease~ In effe<:t as the potetl tlal for harm and the appearance of profcssionallmp(opriety int;;:rease. 11 is, for ell1lmp le, douhlfultha t wiliver by the non.represen taled party would be effective, from ~n ethical perSI)l.'Ctive, when th e il\torncy possesses canfidence~ or sl;!erut ~ m"t(;!rial to the present mpresentation, the di sclosure of whi ch could be harmful, I)rejudidal o r embarrassing to the nOll-represented party. From both case law OInu ethics opinions we know I nat the burdell ClInno t be shifted to the former cliet)! to prove possible damage, once the substantial relationshil) is established.

Som(.'Wha t different t;;:on slderJ tio ns ari se In regard to accepting representilti on against a formerly represented public board Or aseney. Here the substa ntial rela tionship lest Is applied mor~ stringently due to the language of DR 9-101(A) Jnd (6). which stme: "( AI A lawyer shal l no t aCCel)1 priva te eml)loyment in 11 mailer upon the merits of whi ch he has acled in a judicial capaCity, " (BJ A l1lwyer shall not accept I)rivate employment In a matter In whiCh he had substantial respon sib ility while he WJS a public emp loyee:' Former Judicial official s and former public employees must clear nOt only the "substJn tial relati o n ~h ip" lest, but also

the "substan tial responsi b ility" test.

These tests are most often not cumulative In .1pplicJtion, bu t nonethe less impose additional Slilndards for these ce rt illn ilttorneys.

For the private attQrney the contention most often made by the board or agency In seeking di squallflctllion Is thm the attorney, by virtue of his former representation, learned confidences Of secrets of the tlgeney or board, rel ating to operational polit;;:ies Of l)fOt;;:edures, such as to put the " geney o r boilrd at a disadvantage. For ell1lmple it might be contended that an allOmey who, in tlY;! I)ast, had represented a sta te agency in regard to litIgation 10 terminate parental rights could I\Ot later represen t unothCl' party or interest again st Ihls state agency on any matter involvi ng parental rights. Such il con· tention CJnnot be supported by a rea w n<Jble ilpplic.ltlon of Cllse law Of ethical stilndilfds. If one P<lfent.ll rights t;;:ase is substantially relallW to the o ther, then disqualification would probably ensue; If oneclise is merely simi lar to the other, that Is 10 say the s,l me Iype of cause of action, thell dls(lUall flcatio ll Is unlikely (lbsen t a showing of ml su>c of COr\fidellti.. 1 informatio n. Thus, any disq uallflca. tioll ,flowing from the lal1er example I~ more properly allributJble to thi s conli· del1lialhy I)roblem thall to a substan tial r(!latiOnship. Public po licy i1lonc would Indicate that the COnSUm!!r of legal services Call11Qt ullreason.. bly be denied at;;:c~s to compctem counsel, L'Wn if that counsel's "education" came at the CJ(. pen se of the former clien t. 'M:luld arlyOllc t;;:ontend Ihilt Coach Dye is disqualified from coaching at Auburn University bet;;:au se he learned part of his craft under COilch Bryant at the University of Alabarna?

Thus, in applica tion, th l! substa ntial ft... latlonshlp teSt is M t simple nOr is it entirely subjcctive. Neither the Disciplinary Commi ssion nor the Office of the GellerJI Counsel would encour.lge an ,," orney to at;;:cept Of seek represen ta ti o n adverse to former clients, but th e b(lr is nOI absolute. As in aU things, wisdom is Ihe beller I'M of virtue i1nd great t;;:,1fC should be utilized before enterln8 Into such a representa tion.

•

Task Force Reports and Recommendations to the Board of Bar Commissioners Final Report of the 1;151< Force on

Judicial Se lection This task (orce, chaired by Qr{,'W Redden of Birmingham, made the following report and recommendations; The T.l~ forte on Judld,,1 Sel«tloo met July 12, 1988; Oc'o~r 29,1988; APflll, 1989; and JuM 24, 1989.

The !.1sk fOI~e hallllonhof1.od tha ongoing Iilillallon challenging Ihe at.lllrtjc 5(:1(.'(Ilon 01 ludSl'S. and has ~ng.ll1lod In discussions tel.ulve 10 the Impact of Ihls litigation 011 possible changes in lhe rlll'lhod 01 W!ICClion

01 Slate coun [I

lud~

In Alab.lma,

1$ Ihe yiew of lhe task fotee Ihal there is

liule likelihood of legislative IIPPfOYal 01

change'lln the me11()d 01 selt!Ctlon unless lhe l1:Commendmlon fOf such ch~nges eman,lte~ from a broadly based clll7.ellS g(OtJI~ In which ~tI points 01 ~iew m~ be represented, rather

Ihan from a ,1;luOwIy chosen commiUt'l! or task force of the ALaham" SlJle O;lr, In Ihal

conrlC!Ction, Ihe ta!k Ioree has studied the dnd th~ ~louisiana Plan; under which cltllen$' gl'OlJps were /ofmed to consider changes In !he method 0( Illchclal sell.'(;lion, Our vrew Is IIMt (our t,bk force should nOI Ix! II "1l.'Commendlng" bOOy, btli thnt It should function as a cillalystlrewl.lrce group, promOllng thc appoi ntment of the larger bodyIhe cllllenS' group. Once the groop i~ formed, It wilt be the function 01 the td5k force 10 articulate to it 1M poulbte courses of ac· lion wllh reference to changes In judicial selection.

We arc 01 the opinion tll;lt Ihe ne~ 1 step ~hou ld be the (ormiOIi o( Ihe clt/leoS'grOUI), ~rld to thlll end. we ~tuest Ihe prcsidl!nt aod bOiIrd 01 bolr commissioners 10 jll.lthorilC th is tilsk force to Con tilct such Indlvldu;lIs arod 8/01,11» as il cIecms i!pPI'opriale to j>.lrtlclp.1te In the I,user II'OUP and to recommeod other participants there in. IMl aliiO rt<IUI-'!ot permission to ir'M.'St lg~te possible .aurcl!'S 01 nnonclal and other .~~iSlilnce to support the l)roc~in8S of Ihls gloup.

At Its July 19, 1989, meeting, lhe Alabama SI;'ItC Bar Board of Bar Commissioners voled to accepl the lask force's reporl and recommendations, "Tex3S I)lan~

The Alabam/l Lilwyt'/

Final Report of Ihc Task Force o n Possible Restructuring of t he App e lla te Courts This task loree, chair<.'d by Bert Nettles of Birmlnllham, made the follOWIng ft"POIt aod rccomnll.'ndallons: This tilsk forcc was (ormed hy ,llltlOlnlrll(lllt of I'resident Cary Huckaby UllOn his i1s~um­ InK of(lce In July 1966. Sub<ommlnL't.'S of the task force met with all oIlhe aPl)Cllme lud8~ 01 che state at Alabama soIlcltlnll SU88e5tr0/l5 alld genefilll"lx.lI. 11'1 addItion, the task force has rov~ poeviolri rt-pom and recommendations, Includl nll Ihose of che Hams Comml~)lon, the Thomas II Marvell Re!1O« of O«em~r 1965 prepart'd joilltly by the AppeliatC Justice Center alld the In ~titute of Judicial Nlmlnlstriltlon, Dnd the 1973 reporl 011 Ihe Appellate Process In Alabama Ilti~I),1rt-d by David Halperin of the Nalional Center for St;lle Courts. lhe task force Is partICularly appredatl'oe 01 t'le assiSlance received from Chief Justice EC. Hornsby, fonner Chief Jusdce C.c. TOtbe1, .....uociate Justice Hugh MiI(klQx, (who II.ttcndt'(l our January meeting), Assoclale Justice Sam Beatty (who Is /I member of the task force). ludge William Bowen ~ the COtilt of 01",111;11 3lme;lls (w ho is a member of Ihe tas~ (orce), Judge Sam Taylor 01 the COUf! 01 criminal appeals (who allended one of the mootings ~ Ihe tarJc force), As~I;lIe JUSlice WIllis 8. HUIlt of the GOOfSla Supreme Court (who aHended the January !.15k force mL'tll ngl, and all 01 lhe othel allt)(!lIme Judges 01 Ihl5 state who COilo "looted 10 Ihe Inf'ormallon 8.11herlllg process.

Tho t,15k force Is con~ , nced Ihlll R crilical "loed elli~t s for imml.odi~tc teWUClUrinll o( AI;lb;lm;l'S ul}j)tllatc (Ourts. The woolem is particularly acute with 1M WQfklo.ld ~tly thrllst upon the members of Ihe Alabamil Supreme COUrt, who arc now called upon to handle useloads more Ih"n 12S petCt:nt i1QoYe thai recommended by i1llPClI,lte court e~p(!rC5. As Justice Hunt stilted In IC'o'lewlnll recCI11 change~ In the CL'Orsla Appellate Coult sYSlem. :apl)(liiarc judges should be more than lust a paper IIr~der (or taw clerks.

In 3dditloo to the plt.'Sently Increaslnll caselo.'lrl 0( the suplertlil court, ~ny Ol'Ce!.Silry changes ~hOl.lld be nlade now In order to

allow for 1l(Q1Xl' utlllzMion of the Ilew Alab-1mil Judicial Bulldlnll for which ptUn, are currently beinll dlilWn. The I,,~k force has divided Its recommendations InlO IWO areal. those Ilerulnlng to the SUJ}fl!me cou rt and tlWhC presently pert.aln_ Ing 10 the inlermediate i1llpclhllc courts.

Recomme ndatio ns wit h reSIH!ct to Ihe Ala ba ma SUI)re m C Cou r t I. JurisdiCtion of the suprelM Court shou ld be limited to certiorari jUrisdiction.

However, direcl appeals should be al· 1(}We(:! as presently prwided t't' statute in utility rilte cases ilnd lawye- disci plinary matters. Further, appeals should be aiIowetl as a milller of right from the court of criminal apl~als wilh respcctlo cases for which lhe dealh penalty has been Imposed. Further, the task force would consider provislolls for olher direct appea ls or appeals as a manerof right where wch action is now specially authorized t't' Statule.

2. The SUl)reme court should have "reach-down" authority. Such reilthd(),'JJl nutharity should be limited 10 matters raised on the supreme courl's own mot ion.

3. Cerlincali()(1 of I)ilrticular appeals or queslions, such as conslitulionill issues of first Impression, should be ay,li1i1ole to the Inlcrmediate appellmo courts.

4. The membership of Irre suprcmu COUIt should be redV(ed from nine to seven Justices, by allrition.

5. The supremc (ourl should sit as an en bane court, wilh no panels or dlyisions.

Inle rm edi a te courts of a ppe als !. Tho prescnt di stInctio n between the Alab.lma Courl of Criminal AI>J>cals ilnd Civil Appeals Ihe Alabama Cou rt should be maintained.

or

263

2. In view of Ihe greatly C!xI1.1nd<.od workload Ihal will result fronl Ihe above recommended changes of Ihe supreme court, the task force recommends Ihtlt Ihe members of Ihe court of civi l appeals be Increased from three to 12 judges, with thrcc to be apJXll nll..>d for t'M)-~ar terms. three elected fOf four-yC!iH term s ,md thrL'e (!lL>c tcd fOr slx-year temlS. 3. Due 10 the probable need for still additional Judges In the futu re on the court of ci vil aPl)eJls and ;)Iso the cOl.m of criminal appeals, the task force rt.'Commend~ Ihal it special (Ommi~sion or p0ssibly an existing group such as Ihe Judi· cial Siudy Commission Session bC! dir<.>(tcd 10 provide I~flodic ~COrYlmellda· liollSas may be approprl:ne with respecl to IhC! rlUmberof Judges on both courts.

4. Judici al p.1nels should be au thorized in order that ether of the intcrmediiltc court of i1ppe;tls could sit in panel~ of three or morc Judges as may be nt.'cC!sSiHy. HOWt.'VCr, all courts alld prulels of courtSshould avoid grographlc diviSions, and they shou ld be avaitable for ell oonc hellrings liS r)l ay be appropria te.

5. The intermediate courts of appeal should hove the authority to decline is-suing writ1en opinions, as they may deem appropriate.

In con clu sion, the ta sk fo rce reCommends the consideration and implementati on of these recomml!ndlll!OrlS as a highest priority of Ihe Alabama Slate Bar. At its July 19. 1989, meeting. the Alabal)la Slate Board cJ Bar Commissione~ voted to table the rellO rt until its next meeting.

Final Report of the Task Force on Substance Abuse in Society This task force w~s chaired by Charles Fleming of Mobile. Included below Is a brief IlOrtion of the ta sk force repo rt.

Work of thc

1. All recommended cnanges shou ld become eff+:(tive In January 1991.

2. Upon approval of the Alabama Board of Bar COrllmlssloners, the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Coun and the Admin strative Office of CourlS should be asked to supervise Ine drafting of legislation necesS<1ry to implcmC!nt the recommended r(.>(omme lldations.

J. The prOIIOSec/ st.1lutOry and/or constilutional changes shou ld be pre(teilred with the U.S. Department of Justice.

4. The task fOlce volun teers and ffl(;ommends Ihat it remain available to assist In the Implementiltion of those reCummenclation s. Specifi ca lly. the task (orce recommends Ihat any challges in these ret;omml!ndatlons dtWmed necessary or illlpropriate be made as soon as I>ossi. ble by the board of bar commissioncl'$ rather Ihan referring these recommendation s to any other or further committee, commi ssion or task force.

264

force

a. .

lawyer; should 00 InlCreSliXl i(1 sub$t.IIlCC In soclely. l,IM'yers ,lIld II1Ilir f;lmllll)1, have 9~ much imerest In combanlng subslance abuse as any Olher group in society. l~wyers are ccncerned aboul their children. L'lwyers arl! concerned about Ihe crimin.lll'lemenllnvoived with drugs and Ihe wastl..'CI livt'5 aff~'CtiXl tJy alcoholi~m . lawyers ~hO\ild nOI be concerned ~bout these problem5 simply becau>e \o\t! are lawyers but bI.'1::ause we arc members of society.

In carrying 01,11 lhll charge, the t,,~k force hfl~ Illel with replesen tntlves of the Anornev Ceneral'5 Communily Alliance Nelwork. the Governor's Office of Drug Abuse Policy ilnd Ihe Medkal Msocl~ l lon of the S\i1le of Alal),1ma. ~ have fEVi~d (and borrowed froml prollfams sponsorocl by The Florida BJr ami the American Bar As~()(!latton AlIvlmry COnllnlssiOl1 on '(Out~, 011(1 eOllllnulli ty and professional alcohol.md drug problems. 1M: also mel with and It'celved valuable counscling from John Eades, ~ t)Sychologlst tn Mobile ~pecl.lll~lng In Ihe tren tment of addldille diseases.

Based on mailing lisls oblalnoo from v.,lrious SI ~le ag,'neles, we !iCnt 01,11111)1)1"(»1;' mmely 400 que~llonnal~ \0 Individuals ,111(1 Coml"lnies InllQllIt>d in "han-dHln~ substance abuse activities acrOSllhe S131e. We learned from the Icsponses to the questionnaire 111m there are lawye/S and judges SCill1ered across abv~e

Imple mentat ion

la s~

The members of the Iilsk force collectively and individually commend Gary Huckaby for recognlzi(1g Ih~lth[) Alab;ama SIJIC r has heretofoll! had IInle or no pMldp.l IIQ1l, In an or!!<lntzed w,yt. in aSSisting Ihe public in confronlinll Ihe mounlinll problt!ms assocla1<.>d wllh subStM1Cclllbu:;e. By ChMgir"lS Ihls ta sk force to develoll ~nd kI$ll,!r programs to make the public awilfl! of Ihe dangers of substance ~buStl and to assist in Ihe climinatiOI\ of Ihis problem 1(1 our soc ely, Mr. Huck<lby has Slalled whm the 1.~5k fOlce hopes WIll be .1 giant step toward bar and individual lawyer paniciplilion in subStance abu~(! awareness programS.

the stme who preselltly glw leg~! advice and praClical help 10 some oIlhose surveyed as well as p.1tie!l1s of SOf!\O of tho!re ~UI'VI.",(.'d.

Those responding 10 rhe survey expressed IIralilude for Ihe bar's eiklrT5 \0 help and poinl~>d 01,11 sllt!cific areas where Ihose surveyed could use ~ssislance frOm I~wye/S. The malilngll515 and the responses received aa:ompany these recommendations.

The t;ask force also cxplOlt:d the production andlor purchase of IcloNlslM $1"101$ on 5ubstanc:e ilOO~ awareness. Enc:la;ed with Ihe lI<1ckalle 01 nmlerial accompanyinll Ihese recomrllcnd~lions are lettt"lrreports from committee member tee Osbom concernlnll this aspect, includlnll Ihe costs inllQlved and the wl lllng.1CSS of some tek'VISiOn~ sl~l iol1S 10 rlln spots as a public se ..... lee. Also illCluded in Ihe P.1ckallll are actual vi deo ~pOr5 run by The Florida !Jar. The (~5k force also responded toa queslionnaire from Ihe American 6M Association on <Ilcohol and drull Issul!!i. a copy of which 15 in the Il~ckalle ~tcomlJilnying thl.'5e rt.'<:ommcnd3l10ns. The lask fOf(e e~ami(1ed ~nd revlewt.>d a substantial aml)l,Inl of printed substance awareness material, Since one of the recommendations of the task force Is Ihat Ihe bar prillt and distribute drug :twMe,less material. !lOme of Ihls malerialls Included In Ihe packalle of documl'nls accompanying Ihese 1'C<:0mmcndJlionS ~l C~al"I)le~.

The recommendations below 3rt"llhc result o( many hours of work of the 1,)Sk force members whose chairpers.on hereby ex1)ICS<;es his llpprecilll;un to Ihem for Ihl'ir efforts.

Reco mmendations Establishment and duties of perma· nent state bar Committee on Substancc Abusc in Societ y The task force recommen ds (hilt the $!tile bar eSlilblish a l>ermanent com mit· tCC 01'1 subslant;e ilbu$fJ in $(l(iety. This commi ttee will Ix! r£!1)resented by at least olle member (ronl each of the judicial districts in Alabama. Il ls suggestiXI tha t committee members, to the extent possl. ble, consiSt of individuals who are knuwn 10 have an interest in the substallet"! abuse :rrCa and who w ill commit to spending more time Ihan might normally be expecled of a b<tr committee member, at least Initi ally It Is suggC1Sted that persons who might most fi t this de· scription are lawyers recovering from drug addiction or alcoholism, lawyers whQ r1;'pr(.'s(.'n t tre{l tment (acilities or l<l'Ny(!fS who serve on advi$Ory OOilrdS of community substnnce awareness groul>S. AI its July 19, 1969, me<'tlng, the board of bar commissioners voted 10 accept this rC(ommen(1(l1ion of the ta sk force. •

SepwlI1iwr 1989

Committees and Task Forces of the Alabama State Bar 1989-90 The following stolle bar members wcte named by Presiden t Alva C.

Cable to SCIVC on 29 cOmrii ilt ~S ilnd 14 task (orces for the 1989路90 bar

year.

Commitl'路(路~

Commilll't" un AI;芦('" 10 b'It.!1 C;l'r\'il~1

Chairperson!

Kenneth W. Bill tles-Birmingham

Vice Chairperson: Katherine Elise Moss- Huntsville Mcrnbt:!rs: AllllC W. Mltchell- Blrmirl8ham Michael J. Crow- Montgomery Floyd Sherrod, Jr.-Florence

Merceri... Ludgood-Mobile Bennen l . Pugh-Birmingham Nancy Lee Franklin - Birmingham

Adam M. Porter- Birmingham Ka thleen A. Collier- Birmingham Peter H. WiUiams-f'crlS3Cola, Fl Stanley W<llssmiln- Montgomery

AbigaU p, viln Alstyne-

hliluridt Bflolrd, rh(' A/ab.. mol l.Jwy('r Chairperson lind Editor: Robert A. Huffilker- Montgomery Vice Ch.llrl)erson and Associate Editor: Susan Shirock DcPaolaMontgonlery Members: Samuel N. Crosby-Bay Minette Robert P. Denniston - Mobile Cherry l. Thomas-Tuscaloosa Andrew p, Campbell- Birmingham

Tom Dulton-Blrmingham Jo~ph

A, Colquitt- Tuscaloosa

Gregory H. Hawlly- Blrmingham W, Greg Ward - lanCtl Keith It Norman- Montgomery John J. Colemiln, Jr,- Birmlngham Craig G. Cornwell- Montgomery Forrest Lalla- Mobile Jim Bushnell- Blrminghilm W. Seeilfs Barnes, ,r,-Alex Ci ty Michael R, Milis-Mobi te

Hoard of Bar Commissioners Liaison: W. Allen Crocholsd- F.ryelle Staff liaison and Man.'ging Editor: Margaret LilCCy-l\I\ontgomery

Montgomery

Hoyt Elliott, Jr.-Jasper Rose P. Evans-Montgomery Lawrence S. 'A>i t- Mobi!e

R. David Mc()oy,icll- I'luntsville

Debbie l . Jared- Elba Henry L f'cnick- Birmlngham James A. Tucker, Jr,-Jackson F. Luke Colc.-y, Jr,- Mobile

P,ltricia Yeager fuhrmel sterColumbiana Mark C. 'M)lfe-Mobile Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: John D,wld Knigh t- Cullman VLS Represe ntati~e: Fred Gray, Jr.- Tuskegee Staff Liaison: Keith 6. Norman- MOntgomery The Alabama Lawyer

r/I(' A/db.llfld L,u+)lf'r 8,1r Dir('Oory Committ('c

Chairperson and Assistant Editor: Richard E, f lowers-Columbus, GA

Membt!rs: Susan B, Bcvlll-Birmingham Michael M , Elcy-Mont8omery Mary Lyn Pike-W.lShington, DC Staff Liaison ilnd Managing Editor: Margaret Lacey-N\ontgomery Ad~i\or~

Committe(' to till' 800Jrd of B.lf E\,lmioer-.

Chairperson: George p, Fo rd- Gadsden

Members: William D, Mc!ton- hergrlocn

A, J. Colemiln- Decatur Staff liaiSOn: Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery (hMatler .:md I itn! ,. ((lmmilll'e PANEL I Ch;1irpcrson : Howard A. Mandcll- Monttl0mery

Mcmllers: CICOphu$ Thomas. Jr,-AnniSTon Susan B. Anderson - Birmingham PANEL II Chairperson: P. Richard Hartley- Greenville Membcl1:

Thomas L. Krebs- Birminghilm Milrg<.lfet M, Edwards- Birmingham PANEL Jlt ChairrlCrson: WJde H. Baxlcv-DothJr\ Mcmucrs: David B, Byrne, Jr,-Montgomcry Ka th ryn Sumrall- Birmi'lghJm Alterniltes-Panels I, II and Jlt :

Edward p, Parkcr, IV- Montgomcry John P. SCOll, Jr,-Blrmlngham UO;lrd of Oar Commissioners liaison: Archie T. ReeYCs, Jr,-Selma 5t.. ff liaiSOn: Norma Jean RobbinS- Montgomery Commitll't' on d (lient !iecuritl fund Chairperson: W. Harold Albrillon, Ill- Andalusia Vice Chairperson: James S. Ward- Birmingham

Members: Michael E. Ballard- Mobile L. Brucc AbIes- Huntsville j , Michael Jolncr-Alabaster La.vell Womil ck- Tuscaloos"

Ray 0. Noojin, Jr,-Birmingham Board of Sar Commissionfrs Liaison: William B, Mnl1hews- Ozark

265

Staff liaison; Reginald T. Ham ner- Montgomery Commillce on Continuity, Progra ms and Priorities Chairpenon: lohn N, PJlllhlnastos-Monrgomery Vice Chairllcnon: WIlIi;lm E. Shinn, Ir.- Decatur Membef!l: CIMcnce L. McDormAn, Jr.-Birmingham Phillip J. Sarris-Bin'llingham 6rl.1n Kehh Copeland- Gadsden Billie A, Tucker- U1Fayelte DiWis R. ArendaU- Birminghilm 10 Celeste Pettway- Camden Barnes F. Loveltlcc, Ir.-Dl'(i'ltur Hoard of Oar Commissioners liaison: Winston V, legge, Jr.-Athens VlS R el)rese nl ~ l ive: R. Preston Boh, Jr,-Mobile SIi1(f lia ison: Reginald T. Hilmne r- Montgomery lommitll't' on (orre<"tiflnJI In_liltllinn, .md PnH'ffiuH'~ Chairperson: Ralph I, Knowles, Jr.-Tu S(alo()~a Chairman Emeritus: John C. Wmklns-Unlverslty Vice Chai rp erson: jotln Van Almen- Montgomery Members: William J. Sam{ord- Mt. Meigs J. Norman Bradley, Jr.-Hu",sville Nev.l W¥rtn \M:bb--Birmingham Eugene R. Ikrin-Bessemf!r leslie G. JohnSOn-Florence Darrell L. Sc:hlotterbackMonlgomery Brenda Bums- Tusc.lloosa E, M.. bry RogerS-Birmingham Jack floyd- Gadsden Thomas M. Hails- Mobile Thomas L. RCad-Atlanla, CA Charles M. Allen, II- MOntgomery Roger A. Brown- Birm ingham Margaret y. Brown-Aubutn BO.lrd of Bar Commissio ners liaison: Gt'Orge p, ford - Gadsden YLS Rellresenlative: W. Eugene Reese-Mon tgomery Staff liaiso n: Keit h B. Norman- Montgomery

2••

lthi(, l:tJu(oItilln Cl)Illmittl't' Chairperson: John 0, Clements-Birmingham Vice Chairperson: Richard A. Thigpen-TuscillooS<l Mt:mbcrs: Phillip Ted Colq uc lI- Blrmlngh<lOl DorOlhy F. Norv.'OOd- Mon tgomery Tony S. H cb~n -Blrml ngh<ltll Bobby N. Bright- Montgomery Clarence Simmons, Jr.-Gadsden le nelle M. Marsh- Tuscaloosa G.lil S. McColium-Ol>clika frank 0. House-Blrmlngh.lm Joe B. Powell- Decatur Dow T, Huskey- Dothan James H. Hancock, Jr.Birmingham James Robert Be~ird -J a sper Sonja F. Bivi ns- Mobile h Officio: Robert W. Norri}-Montgomery Lewis W. Page, Jr.-Birmingham (Permanent Code Commission) Bw rd of Bar Commissio ners liaison: William E. Herelord- Pell City YLS Representa live: Barry A, RagsclJIc-BirOlinghilm Stilff liaiso ns: Alex W, Jilckson- Montgomt:ry Keith B. Nornlan-MOntgomery

f\'ili'rdl T,n Clini( (ommilll'c Jackson P. Burwell- HuntSVille L.B, reid- Birmingham Zt:bulon M.P. Ing~Moblle William E. Shanks, Jr.-Birmingham Gerald W, Hartley-Montgomery Richard J. Brockman- Birminghilm James R, Clifton- Andalusia Robert C. Tan m...- Tuscaloosa Mihon F. Avery-Birmingham Stilff liaison: Kei th B. Normtlil- Montgomery

Futurp of th(' Profr,\ion Commilll" Chairpe rso n: Mac M. Moorer- Birmingham Vice Chairperson: L. Virginia McCorkle-Birmlngl,..m Members: 8rildley R, Byrne- Mobile

Schuyler H. Rlchilrdson, 111Huntsvil le Cff!88 B. Everell-Montgomery Vanzella Pcnn McPhcf'SOnMOntgomery StCph l:'ll D, Heninger- Birmingham Kath ryn S. Carver- Birmingham Ha rold V. Hughslo n, Jr.-Tuscumbia 11m R. WadsWQrth- Sulligent SIi.'Vt! Eme05- TuscalooSll Steven K. 8r.lckl n- Dolhan Conrad M. Fowler, jr.-Columbiana I.F. Jal\I:'CkY- Moblie Robert w. lee-Birmingham Anne B, Stone-Birmingham Dan T. Hull, jr,-Birmingham , Hoard of B.1T Commiu ione rs Liaison: JamC$ E. Harl, Jr.-lJrl.'wron VlS Representa llve: SUS[lr' B, ArlderSOrl- Birmlngham Siaff LIaison: Kel lh B, Norman- Montgomery Inclifwnt Ot'fl'n'o(' (Ilmltrill('(' Chairpenon: Dennis N . Balske-Mon lgomery Vict' Chairperson: Rick Harris-Montgomery Me miJers: Nancy S. Milftin- Blrmlngham E. Hampton Brown- Birmin!!hilm james Mo ff,lI-Alhen s William R. Blanchard, Jr.MOrllgomery leslie B. AdamS- Birmingham LaBella Alvis- Birmingham Scott K. Hedccn- Doth;m William l. UtSCV-Butier John R. t-Iollingsworth- Enterprise B~rly Paschal- Cullman Ro bert I-t, TUlncr- Mouion Board of 8ar COllulllssloneNJ LIaison: Drayton N. lameS- Birmingham YlS Representa tive: William Q Walton, III- Opelika St<1ff Liaison: Kei th B. Norman-Montgomery In\ur.:anct' ProKr.:am~ (ommillt't' Chairperson: Cooper C. Thurber-Mobile Vice Chairpe rson: Ja mes R. SCilll..'- Mont!!Omcry

Sepll:'lIIbcr 1989

Members: Stanley D. Bynum- Blrmlnghilm Rick Williilm$-Montgomcry Henry Henzel- BlrminghJm Fred Sington, jr.- Gadsden George R. Copclilnd, jr.- Mobile Charles H. Moses, III- Birmingham J. Bentley Owens, III-Blrmlngh.1!rI Karon O. BowcIre- Blrmingham Cheryl Prict.'-Montgomcry Mac 8. Gre;wes_ Birmlngham Marlon F. Walker- Birmingham ROOcrt T. Wilson, Jr.-Jasper Board of Dar Commiuloncrs Llilison: "hillilJ E. Adam~, Jr.-Opelik" YLS HCllrcscntativc: Stephen A. RONe- Blrmlngham Stilff Liaisons: Reginald T. HJmncr- Motltgomery Keith 6, Nornun- Montgomery

J!!dit i.ll ( nlt'n'IIII' Int th 'i1.!1t lit \1. h.ml D,wid A. Bagwcll- Mobile Ben H . Harri ~, Jr.-Mobile Clifford W. Clweland- Prattvillc

I).

(

Ch"i rperso n : Fred J. McCallum, Jr.-BlrmlnKham Vice Chairperson: L1ura Crum-Montgomery Members: Alicia Jo Rcc)e-Dalcvllle Truman Hobb~ Jr.-- Montgomery Jilfft.'<I O. TilylOt, II- Birmingham Alston Keith-Sclmil Jim R. Ippolito Jr.-Montgomery Brian Kei th Copeland-Gadsdell Chris!', I!. Dms- Blrminghilill 5(otty Colson- Birmingham Russelle Louis 1'l ubb<HdBlrmlngh"m j. Kris Lowry-Birmingham ROOcrt E. Lusk, Jr.- MonIKomery Ch"rles R. Godwin-Atmore Board of Bar COAlIni ssloners Liaison: Victor I t. Loll, Jr.-Mobile YlS Mepresent.ltive: Michael S. J"ckson- Mootgomery S",ll Liaison: Keith B. Norm<ln- Montgom(!ry

The A/dbanltl LalVyer

(mnmilh'(' nn 1,1\\'\, r ·\d~ rtl,in~ I I "Ii, il,ninn ClltlirptrSOIl : Glenda G. Cochr,ln- 8Jrmlngham Vice Chairperson: Lisa Huggins-Birmingh.lm Members: A. AII(!n Ramsey-Sirmlnghilm Hu(!1 M. l.o\I(!, Sr.-T.1Iladeg.l Chari(!s M . KeIly-G(!r\(!V.l Robert C. DiUorl---Anniston George K. Willlam~Huntsvilie C. P,lUl Davis- Birmingham T. Dwight Sloan- Birmingham M. Clay Al spaugh-Birmi ngham Ch il rle~ C. Reynold s, Jr.- lilnetl john P. OIiVC!r, II- Dmlt.'Vilie J. K(!lth GIVCrIS-DOthll!1 James j. ThomlJSOn, Ir.Birminghllm Uo.lrd of BM Commi!sioners Liaison : Ollie L. alan, Ir.- BirminKham YLS Representative: Fn.>derick T. Kuykendall, 111Birmingham SI.lfl Liaison: J, Anthony McL1in- Montgomery

(

"

Ibli, fh·I, n

In

lilt111

I

',\1 ",1

ChairperSOn : Anthony L Cicio-Birmingham Vice Chairperson: j. Mark White-Birmingham Members: Jam(.>s B. Kier~e, Jr.- Bess.emer j. Richard Hynds-Birmingham C. Macleod Fuller- Mobile joe E. Cook-Birmingham Sandr.l K. MeJdaws- Moblle William R. lJul(!n- Moblic CharUe Anderson - Montgomery Terry L. Butts-Elba Cerald R. Paulk- Sconsboro jaml..'S M. Barnes, jl.-MOIrion jarll(!S Mlcha!!1 F'l:!rry- BrC!Wtoll James D. Smith- Tuocaloosa MoJlk E. Fuller- Enterprise Board of Bar Commi!i5ioncrs Liaison: James S. Lloyd-Binninghitm YLS RI..'Prcsentiltivc: D. Taylor Flowers-rDolhall

StaH Udison: Margaret LAcey-MOrltgom(!ry 111,1 l'I~~t r R ·\t·H,.1 'i. niH

\1.

rll n lru~tl Chllirperson: J. Michael Williams, Sr.---Auburn Vice Chilirpcrson: Daniel E. Morrls--Anniston Members: William D. Owings-Centrt'Vllle Marlon Ev(!(ctle Wynne. jr.Fairhope jOC!I W. Ramsey-Dothan Milrgarel Harri s Dabbs-jasper Winfred N. W.ltson-Fort Payne joe C. CllsSMly, Jr.- EnH~rpri se Thol11,15 G. Gr(!:lves, Jr.-Mobile RebcccOl lou Grc(!n - Rcd Bay DouglllS McElvy- Tuscaloosa Willi Jill S. Poole, Jr.-Demopolis James E. WIIIIJm~Montgomery al.lke A. Grecn -\M)tumIJka RolX'rt L. Conee-Florl!nce Jilek Andrew Caddell, jr.- DI.."Calur David P. Shcphcrd-FilnhOpe Ever(!tI A. Prlc(!, Jr.-Bmwton Cecil M. TIpton, Jr.-opelika Board of Bar Commissiollers Li.lison: Michilel W. !.Jnders-Sylac.lug.l StilH Liaison: KeIth B. Norman- MoO!gomery Secretary, Lawyer Referral Service: Joy Meininger- Montgomery 8el

Il·lli,l.ui\\· li.li nil (nmmittl't' Chairperson: James T. Sas,er-MontgomClY Vice Chalq)cr$on: Alyce Mlll1 it.'Y S I)ruell-Tus~illoosa Members: W. Clark W.llson-Blrrnlngham Edwin K. livingston- MOntgomery E. H.lmlItOIl WIlSOIl, jr.Montgomery John I. Cottle-Tallassee Rick RobC!ra-Wdshinglon, DC Michael D. W,llC!lS-Mortlgomery !.Jnny S. Vines-Birmingham H. Thorn.ls Heflin, Jr.-Tuscumbia R. j()(!1 laird, Jr.-Annlston Charles D. Langford-Montgomery

'"

D. DeLeill WininBer, )1'.lJir!11in g h~m

I'wick H. Ta t!;!- Fort P'lync RobeI'I G. Robi son- Ncwton lenora W. P,lIe- Birmingham Robert E. Coopcr- Blrminghal11 Board of Bar Conlltlissiollers Liaison: Rlch<lrd H. Gill- Montgomery SIilff Liilison: Keith B. Nomliln- Monlgomery (nl11ml111'(' lin lfl,.lIIlM At..ti\,jlit路\ .lIul ~l'r\jtl'" Chairperson: Lorlns S. lones, ItI- Vest,wi,l Hills Vice Chilirllerson: W. H. Albri\'on, IV-Andillll ~ iil Member5: P,u,Il" I. Cobiil-Annl StOn Wilbur j. IluSI, jr.- Tu scaloosa John S. ThrONer, Ir.-Opelika Susan TUS81e Moquln- HUIltSvilie Thoma s M . DiGiullan- Decilluf H. Thomas Heflin, Jr.-Tuscumbi~ Marona Posey-Birmingnilm Ann M cMilnan- lJirminghilm Edwilrd F. Morgi,m -Tu sc;. I()o~l'l J. Timothy Smi1h- l~irmingham Banks 1 Smith- Doth;lrl 80Md of 8M Commissioners Liaison: George Higginbotham- Bessemer YLS RepresenlJtive: Kirk Davcnport-Anniston Siaff Liaison: Keith 13. Nonniln- Montgomery MiIi'.tr~

I,m [nrnmilll'j' Chili rperson: William C. Tucker. jr.- Birmingham Vice Ch;lirpersun: Willian1 Guy Steven s-Montgorllery Membel'i: Robert C. Gammons-Huntsville A. Nell Hud3cnS-Moblle WiI!iJm B. Woodw<lrd, jr. Columbiil SC Iril DeMent- Montgomery Thomil ~ E. Snoddy-Doubl!;!

Springs Frank Willl'}n1 ~, jr.-Cullmall Mitchell E. Gavln-A le~a nder Clry JOll11 W. Grimes-Birmingham Robert D. C~rlee-Anni s t on

268

Terry F. Moorer- Fort Rucker Lee E. Bains- Bessemer James F. W.1l sh- Blrmillsham Michael S. Speakm<ln - Ma~well

AFB I. Donald Banks-Mobile Miles Huffstutler- Birmingham Gilbert Moblcy-.Birmlnsharll Torn Jones-Auburn Robert P. BarcilO- Birmlnghanl 80<lrd of Commissioncrs Liaison: Robert M . Hill, Jr.-Florence Sr<l ff Liaisons: Robert w. Norrii- MontgomCIY Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery

P\路rrn.lIll'nt (!Jdl' emn rni- .inl1 Chaiq)crson: Lcwb W. P,lge, Jr.- BlrmlnHham Vice Chairperlion: jilmes A. Yilnce- Mobi tc

Members: E.l. Coleoock- Florcnce DOUKI;lS Key- Bi rmingham Reubcr\ W. COok- TuK aloosa Thomas M. Scmmes-l\nn i ~ ton Michael C. Quillen- Birmingham M org,111 WcckS-SC::OIISborO Robert Anthony CothrenBlrminBhilm lack Wayne Morgan- M obile Craig S. Pittm;m - Mooile Claire A. Black-Tu~ct1loosa james A. Philips- Mcbile Richard C. Delln, Jr.- Montgomery Beverlye N. PoIl1lfd-Aubum James A. Tucker, jr.-]1lckson Board o f Bar Commissioners li,lison: Thom;ls Colemim-Birmingham YLS Repr~ .. nlalivl!: Amy A. Slayden- Huntsville Slo,lff liaiSOn: Keith B. Norrllnn- MOntgomery

Menlbers: William I. Hill, I!- Mont8omery Olivcr P: Heitd- Columbiitna Evelyn Mduldin- Shcfficld Jeri Blankenship- l-luntsviJle William B. HalrSiorl, 111Birmingham William 1-1. Mill5-Birnlinghilm Ri chard Garrett- Montgomery Normitn E. W" ldrop, jr.-Mobile j. Willii,lm R(n;I;!, Jr.- Birmingham Benjamin B. Spra tlin!!. 111Blrmingh'lm Charles D. StcwJrl - Blrmlngham Reo Kirkland. Jr.-Brew ton Robert E. p" tt crson - Hunlsville Tim Riley-Albcrtville 80iml of BilT Com nli ~sio nerS li~i ~(m : John F. ProclOr- ScottSboro YLS Reprcsenlativc: laur<l Crum- MomgorT1cry

Stair Liaisons: Alcx W. lacksoll- Montgomery J. Anthony M cLilin- Montgomery PTI'p,lill L(>~,'1 !'II'nill' ('lImnilll' Chairperson: Ed Gcnlle-Birmhlgham Vice Chairperson: Robert E. Sasser- Montgomery

I'ruf""ion,11 h 11l1l11l1i,' (lIrt1mittl'I' Chairperson : Willll'lm 1'1. HMdic, Jr.- Mobile Vice Chnirpel'ion: Tyrone C. Means-Mobile Members: Byron La ssiter- Falrho!')e Kirt ley Brown- Marlon Neil C. Johnston - Mobile Mary lynn Bronner- Montgomery larry U. Slm~-Mobil e Alan L. Klng- Blrminghitm L. Thoma s Ryan, Jr.-Huntsville M,uion E. wynne, It.- Fairhope j{)hn L, Cole- Birmingham Clemenl J. Colwon- Huntsvi lle Willter Andrews-Birmingham O Ils R. Burlon, Jr.-Talladega j.F. Janecky-Mobile Board of Bltr CommissionCrli Liaison: j erry L. Thorn ton- HilynL'Ville YlS KcpreSenl<ltivc: Stephen W. Shaw- Birminghilm St,lff Liilison: Keith O. Norman- Montgomery ,pl'ti.,lli,tI,un

((1111111111,'\' wilh IIII' niH! fll ltll' IRS M ichac1 K. Wi sner- Hunlsvi1ll;!

8irmin~h'lm

Stop/ember 1989

",I 11,li r II T, (ummiU,' 1111 Ih, l1ulll{.hl t"IIIII Chairperson: Oilvid M. Wooldrldgc- 81rnllngham

Members: Bruce EIy-Tu!.CilIOO5.l ROV J. Crawford- Birmingham

Board of Bar Commissioners liaison: W,liter P. Crl'.Mtnovcr- TL.scaloosa YLS RepreSetl l ~ltlve: john Terrell McElheny-Birmingham

l. Bruce AbllS--H untwillf' 5.A. Watson, Jr.-liuntsville john E. Hlgginbolh,lI1'1 - F!orf'nce

BrilKton A. Ashe-Tuscumbiil

Staff Liaison:

Norlh Centroll Alabilma:

!Cellh B. Norm,ln- Monlgomery

Dil'Iid D. Shcll7t--Birmingh,ll11 Milton E. Barker, Jr.-Birmingham

Betty C. lovc-Talladcg.l (r

IImitt.

III

john M . Galese-Birmlnghilnl Middlf' Alabama: Ralph Michael Ralford- I' hetlbc

111,_1,111, I J\II

Chll irpersoll : j. Mk hael COIlil'Nily- OotIHIrI

City

Vice Chairperson: C. Terrell Wynn. jr.-BJrrnlntlhilm Chairperson Enlcritu5: V,lt L. McGee-OzJfk

Members: ChJfI~ j.

Fleming-Mobile

Gregory j . M cK.l y- 8Irmlngham John Richard Orrltlan-

Birmingham W.llter j . Price, Ir.- HuntSvilie Carolyn B. Nel~- Blrmingham Ian!" C, lillie-Birmingham Clarence M . Sm(lU, jr.-Birmingham Caroline \lVelis Hinds-Mobile Albert E. Byrne-Dothi,"

Susan Barber- Birmingllllnl Gloria Bahakel- Birminghilm Bo.ud of COll1n'liSSIOners li,lison: BrooK G. Holmes-Mobile YLS Represenlillive; Ernl'St F. 'M)odson, Jr.-Mobile Siaff liilison:

Ill.

,t, 11 B

rl'

'-

I

n

it

W. H arold Albnllon, III-Andalusia

C ary C. Hur,:knby-Huntwi lle Sinff liaison: Reginald T. l-lamner- Montgomery

IP III

Chairperson: M . Dale

Ma rsh- Enl crpri~

Vice Chairperson: JameS W. Port c~ II- Blrmlnghnm Su bco rnrnltt ~:

Norlh Alabama

Mcmbcr$: joe Pheljh-Montgomel)'

Patrick W. Richolrdson-I tuntsvi lle john V. DelhOI), It- OrlClika

Board of Kilr Commissioners Liaison: ~UfU 5 R. Smith, Jr.-Oothiln YLS Representative:

Robert R. Bilugh-Blrminghillll Siaff Liaisons: Robf'rl W. Norris-Mor1lgomery Alf'x W. J,ICkSOr1- Molltgomcry

p,

",II

"

,

Chairperson: Rodney A. Max- BIrmingham Vice Chalrpcrsoll: j . NOilh FUl1derbul'8- Tusc'}looSil Members:

E. l erry Brown- Monlgomf'ry linda A. Friedman-Birmingham

Members: Wlillam D. Scruggs, jr.-Fon Payne

til

Bert So Nett les-Birmingham Vice Chairpcl'S(ln: J.L. Chl.'Stnut-Selma

South Alabilma: jamf') 1-1 . GriggS-Mobile Mlchllf'1 Jack Harbin- Prichard B. Vilughan Drink.url- M oblle

Ro~rt R. Roper- Mobile William R. Willard- Gadsdf'n

Chillrperson:

C ,

O. Griffin- Montgomery

Michilcl A. B(MInes-Monlgomcry Lynn Robertson Jackson-Clayton

I)i

111111 t Iii

Chairperson:

Gregory

r, ,j. fnrtl

Keith B. NormiJ'1-Montgoll1ery

I, I

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jerrlll"(! P. Sutherlin- I tuntsvl1le john P. SCOIl, Jr.- Birmingham I. f'.llrlck logan- Bltmlnsham Lyndil Flyn t-Monlgomery

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jere L. 8f'asley-Montgomery Robert D. Segall-MontSomf'ry Michael D. W,lters-Mo"ltgomf'ry William C. (<1m , Ill- Dothan Larry It. Keener-G.ldsden L. V,l stlnc Stai)l(!r, Jr.- Illrmingham L. Burton Barnes, III- Birmingham Warren B. lightfool- Bll1llingham Fournier J. Gale, III-Blrminghilm

DiNid M. Enslen- F.1Yf'tte William M. ~n, Jr.Montgomery john Saxon-Birmingham Kf'nncth lngrnm- Montgomery HUSh Maddox- MontgOmery Inge P. Johnson- Tuscumbia Board of 8ar Comrnlss ion~rs LIaison: john A. Owens- Tuscaloosa Siaff Liaison: Keith B. Norman-MonlSomery

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john L. Quinn- Blrmingh.lm Gregory S. Cusimano-Gadsden

Cllilirperson: R~rt l. PolIs-Tusr:alooS,l

Roben W. Bradford, jr.-

Vi ce ChalrpCrS()n: D;wid A. R.lins- Fort Pil)'ne M embers: Clark D. Fine-Birmingham M,rry 8eth M;mtiply- Mobllc

MOnlgolllery Larry M. Smith -Flou."flce

C. Delaine

Mounlain -TuS(illoo~R

David Cherniak- M oblle

jOhl1 Keith Warren-Ashland Mllry E. Murchison_ Foley Annette C. Dodd- Birmin/tham

Samuel H. Monk, 1I-AllnlSlon joe I t. Calvin, m- Birmi'1gham Edward B. Pilrkcr, II- Montgomery

269

HuSh Maddox- Montgomery Aubrey Ford, Jr.-Tuskegee W.O. Kirk, )r.-C,mQlhOIl William 1. Coplin, Jr.-Demopolis j. Mark White- Birmlngharll Donald H. Pal\erson- Florence !-Iardle B. Kimbrough - Grove Hill C. Lynwood Smith- H untsvi lle William Jackson - Birmingham Board o f Bar C ()mmi$~iOncrt lilliS!)n: I.ynn Robertson Jackson-Clay ton YL$ Represcnt.l tivc: A. 1~$1Cr H ~. III- MOn1gomcry Staff liai!tOn: Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery

1,1'1.. lurH' II/r OhWr\'.lll(t· 01 til" Bitt'nll'rmi,ll"f thr Bill lit Rh:ht· ChairpCr$(Jn: Thomas N . CarrUlhers, Jr.Birmingham M embers: Nathaniel H ~ll s{ord -Tu5Cilloo$1l Parhllm H . Willitlm s, Jr.Birminghtlm ( hilrles O. Cole- Bi(J1)insharYl Charles W. Gllmble- Tu scaloosa Sam C. Pointer, Jr.-Birmingham Fou rn ier I. Gale, III- Birmingham Vanzella P. McPhefSonMontgomery David A. Bag'l\o'eIl- MobiJe C. Lynvvood Smith, Jr.- t·l untSvllic BOilrd of Bar Commissioners liaison: J. Mason Davis-Birmingham YlS Ih:pr('ientatlvt: N. Gurlter Guy- M ontgomery Staff liaison: Keith B. Norman- Montgomery

T."k Forlr un C"itif('n,hlp EclU! dtiun Chairpcrson: Chris S. ChriST- Birmingham Vice Chairperm n: M ichael L. Odom-Montgomery Members: Frank S, James, III- TuSC.dloosa Carney 1'1. Dobbs- Birmingham Walt er FrMlklln M cArd le-Mobile H. Coleman Burton- HunTsvi lle Ti mothy H . Nunnally- Florence James E. COK-Au!)lrrn Charles C. ~ lIiolt- Birmingham Dllvid R. Peeler- Mobile

270

Oonilld G. Tlp~r- F I(lrence MargafCt L. Lllthum- Birmingham Wilher G. Brld!:ICs-Besseml!r ElizabC!th A. ChamplinBirmingham Jacquelyn Shola-Birmingham CynThia H . Umnead_ Birm ingham Board of Bar Commissioners Liaim n: Michael L. EdWilrd S-Birmingham YlS Representative: ChariC!s l. ArldtlrSOn- Mon1gomcry Staff liaison: KC!ith 6. Normon-Montgomery

1.1\1. l-ortr tn felll,lill'f OrjoC,lI1i/d lrlln uf (ulllnllmll.llillm L.tw !w[ II(Ul Chairperson: Bruce p, Ely- Tu sCilloosa MembNS: Gilbert E. JohnSIOn, Jr.Birmingham Roland Nachman, Jr.-Montgomery E. Culler Hughes, Jr.- H untsville Edward S. Sledge, Ill- Mobile Hoard of Hilt Commi ssionen Uilison: Ch .. rles M. Crook- M Ontgomery Staff liaison: Keith B. Norman- M on tgomery

T,,,1. I tJrll' UII I It iljlll" 1,1' Iht,

>\1.llMnlol "".\\l· I.u Chalrpersort: Will iam B. l-lair1 ton. Ir.Birmirigham Vice Chairperson: Harold Albri l\on- Andalusi a M embers: Charles R. Mi~o n, Jr.- M obile Oakley W. Melton, Jr.Monlgomt.!ry Wllter R. Byars-M on tgomery William D. Scruggs, Jr.- Fort Payne Lynn R. Jackson - (1oyton Ben H . H arris, Jr.-Mobile Howard A. Green- Dothan Morris Dees- MonTgomery M. CI;IY Alspaugh- Birmingham Gilry C. f>luckaby- Hunlsvilie Ex-O ffid o: Alva C. Caine-Bi rmingham John B. Scott, Jr.-Montgomery Bo.ud of Bar Commissioners Liaison: JJmes R. SeJIe-Montgomery

YLS Rel1resentativc Rebecca Shows BryanMontgomery Staff liaisons: Regina ld T. Hamner- Mon tgomery Keith B. Norman- Montgomery

T.hli Imll' lin 1"I',ihl.. Cf('Iljlm oi.1 I·k.tllh I.JW \" li<ln Chairperson: Gregg B. EVC(CI1- Montgomery M embers: Lan! B. DilVis- Birminghi.lm James C. Wil son, Jr.- Birmingham Joe W. Campbell- I-luntsville lilY D, Willi;rm $, Jr.- ?i>nsacola, FL L. Virginia M cCorkle-Birmingham D<.WCy 1-1. Jones, III- Birmingham A. Nell Hudgens- Mobile W. Stancil Slarnes- Birmingham D. Leon Ashford- Birmingham John ThomJS Mooresmlth- Mobile St.," liaim n: Keith B. Norman-Montgomery I.I'~ IIII,r nn C hairper~on:

11Ii1t'r.IlY

Jack Drake-Tuscaloosa Vi ce Chairpcrson: !-Iomnger F. Barnard- Birmirlgham M embers: James V. Roberts, Jr.- Mobile J(lcqueline M . McConaha- Mobile tnger M. SjoS1rom- Blrmingham J. Rorlald Boyd- Hirmingham John E. O tt- Birmingham Thomas H. Fi 8ur~--MQbi l e Mary W. Burge-Birmingham Ernestin e Snpp-Tuskegee Mary Ann Stackhousl!-Gad.den Lee C. Bradley, Jr.-Birmingham M ichilel MiSkowiC(- OOlhan Marcel Black- Tu scumbia Frank An8I1rol~ -H \m t sville Lynne 8. Kitchens-Mon1gomery Woody SanderSon- Huntsville Pa trick W. Ri chardson- H untsvi lle Patrick !-I. Graves, Jr.-I·luntsville Ri chiHd N . M e~dO'WS-MOntgomery G;try l. Jester- Florence Hoyt Elliott, Jr.-Jasper Alicia Jo Reese-D;t leville Marla WeUs-Andalusia Cecil M . Tip ton, Jt.-Opelika

September 1989

Board of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Oon R. White-Moulton YLS Representative: Fr;l!lk B. Potls-florence St,l(( Liaison: Keith B. Norman- M ontgomery

1,1'1. IlIn" 1m till' t'rntmwd ludj~ i,ll Uuildil1l/, Chairperson: Maury D. Smith- Montgomery vice Ch'lirp(!fson: G. Sage Lyons- Mobile Members: Robert M. HIli, Jr.-Florence Frt.'CI D. Gray-Tuskcgee /. Uster Hubbard- Montgomery Judith S. Cril wnclen-Birminghilm Charles B. Arclldail-Mobile Thomas N. Carru t hc~ Birmingham William H. Albrllton, III-Andalusia Robert E. Steiner, III- Montgomery Jack Floyd-Gadsden w. Wheeler Smith- Birmingham Gordon Thames- Mootgomery Robert Spence-Tuscaloosa Davis Carr- Mobile h Offici o: john A, Coddcil- Decatur Hoard of 8M Commissioners liaison: Olivcr P. Head- Columbiana YlS Representative: James T, 5.1sscl- Montgomery Starr liaison: Keith B, Norm~n -Mootgomery I lutll lin luo ,1.11 ",,1, lil/n Chairperson: L, Drew Redden- Birmingham Vice Chairperson: Robert p, Denniston- Mobile Rellortt!r: Charles D, COle- Birminghilm Members: David R. BO'y'd- MOntgomcry james C, Barton, Sr,-Blrmingham Rich(lrd F, Ogle- Birmingham Carol Suc Nelson- Birmingham David Bagwell- Mobile Dexter C. HobbS- Montgomery John N. Bryan, jr.- Birmingham Norborne C. Stone, Jr.- Bay Minette

The Alabama Lawyer

james K. Baker-Birmingham james R. Sturdival1t-Huntsville Fred 0 , Gray-Tuskegee John David Snodgrass- Hunt5Vilie Ollklcy W, Melton, Jr.Montgomery BellC! 1'1. Stoddard- Birmingham Delores R. Boyd-Montgomery MlchaC!1 A. FigureS-Mobile C. Neal Pope-Phenix City James l. Kllnclelter-Anniston l.E. Cosa- Vemoo Julian D, Blltier- Huntsville Ba.nd of Bar Comml.slonl!/S Liaison: Richard S, Manley-Demopolis

Sta(( Liaison: Keith 8. Norman-Montgomery I.h~ r"rtl' IlII U dlltJut.lti"., Chairperwn: O rrin 1<. Ames, ttt - Mobile Vice Chairperson: Bruce J, McKee-Birmingham Members: Gary E, Davis- Centre Delores R. Boyd- Montgomery Patricia A, Davis- Mobile Harry Cole- M ontgomery John G. Harrell- Birmingham Carole C. SmithermanBirmingham William C. Knight, Jr.-Birmingham Board of Bar Commi~sioners Liaison: Francis Hare, jr,-Birmingham YLS ReprC$Cnt,Uivt: Duane A, Wilson - Tuscaloosa Staff liais(Jn: Reginald T. Hamner-MOntgomery

1.1'1. lUlU' on Pwlt路 inn,lli,m Chairperson: Henry C. Chappell, Jr.Montgomery Vice ChairpelSQn: P. Richard Hartley-Greenville Members: Edwin j, Curran, Jr,- Mobile J, Mason D;,lviS, Jr,-Blrmlngham Nath,mlel Hansford- Tusc"loosa Joseph F. Johnston- Birmingham

Richard M, Jordan-Montgomery M. Odie Marsh- Enterprisc 11. Dwight Mclnlsh-Dothan EdmOn H. McKinley-Thomasville Robert T. Meadows, III- Opelika Jon H. Moores- Dccatu' Yetta G, Somford, Jr.-Opelika Winfred N, W.ltson-Fort Payne P,l/hilm Wililams-Blrminghilm Hugh Maddox- MontgO'Tlcry William A, Roblnson-Birminghdm Susan leach- Mobile Carol Sue Nelson- Birmingham Milton C. Davis- Tuskegee Gunter Guy- Montgomery BQilrd of Bar Commissioners Liaison: Gorman R, Jones, Jr,-Sheffield YLS Representative: H, Thomas Heflin, Jr,- Tuscumbla St,lff liaisons: Keith B. Norm;:m- Montgomcry Reginald T. Hamner- Montgomery

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Chairperson: Chl.lrles J, Fleming- Mobile Vice Chalrl,crsnn: R, Emmett Poundstonc, 111Montgomery Members: JOilnne E, BO'y'd- Birmlnsh'lm Beverly Ann lipton-Montgomery Edwin E. Humphreys-Birminghdm Lee B. Osborn- Florence Robert F. Tweedy- Dccollur P,1\ricla E. Shilner- Montgomcry Sue E. Wlillamson-Birmlrlgham An1hony A, Joseph- Birmingham Debra p, Hackett- Montgomery j. Henry Nichols, III -O~ark Bill Wynn- Blrmlnghom R. Marcus Givhan- Morltgomery Spenc(!'r T. Bachus, III- Birmingham Thomas H. Boggs, Jr,-Demopolis james Michael Perry- Brewton Board of Bar Commiu ioners Liaison: james R, Bowles-Tallassee YL$ Representative: Robert J, Russell, Jr,-MOntgomery Staff Liaison: Kei th B. Norman- Montgomery

271

1989 Annual Meeting Highlights

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39

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Consultant's Corner The followlns is a rev iew of and commenlo'lrY on an office aulomallon issue

Ih.,! has current imporlance 10 the legal community, prepared by the office auto. mation consultant to the sta le bar, Paul 8I1rn~ lein, whose vicw5 arc nol nc(:C5-

saril y those of the slate bar.

This is the tWi!lfth arlide in our "Con5uI131'1, '5 CarlIN" sC'ri (>S. We would like to hear from you, both In criliqu e of the article wriUen and suggestio ns of topics

fo r future Mtides.

Network ilTchitecture Network software, from a few vendors Jt least, fina lly works. No, you still cannot connL'C t fi\lt! work stations to an Xl [tode arrd expect tll do legal word processing, but you can do il on a reasonably priced file server with several megs of main memory. True, a decentl y configufL'd file server cosls more th'ln a g()()(! st.1nd-a lone PC. Equally tru e, you can now install responsive network clu$lers for $6,000 to $8,000 per WOrk sta tion, down significantly from the

Looking back As -.ve betlin our fourth year of writin g this column I ""ill reflect on ~ome of the slgnlncanl lcohn o logical advan ce s lhal haw occurred in thi s relali'.(!ly short lime 51h1n. They include PC architecture, Network architecture and Wordl>crfcct

PC architecture I)C architL'("lure has stabilized for the past three years and is likely to rel'llalll stablllzt'!d on 286 AT CllUS (or the next two or three years, ( do th ink thai Unix will eventually rep lace It as the standard, even in the legal industry, but not (or several YC{lrs yet lly the WiJ'/, for anything to remai n in vogue (or five or more years in this busi ness is just about dynastic.

IVr th¢ firSt time market forces <Ire driving product develolmlcnl. Consumcrs (I hate (he term "users") have fi nally learnt'!d to "just say no"- no to overpowerIng c r u s they just do not need, no to "dv,)need systems th,l! pvrport to fix something that is not broken yet.

276

Borl'l§leln

$8,000 to $10,000 price tag of J couple of years ago.

Not surprisingly, most vendors these days are offering nelworked versions of their legal products, be they word pro-

cessing, tinle arId billings, docket control, con fl ict resolution or care managemelll. Equally gratifying. most of these network systems workl A word of caution, however- word processing Is the most Cf'U·domi nant ta sk on a PC. Be cau tious about trying todo too much at 3 p,m, on Friday,

Wordperfect Wordperfect has come of age in th~ legal mJrketplace. It is the dominant fac· lor and is likely to conti nue Us dominallCc as 10rtg as Microsoft continues to be financially strong and well-managed.

Aside from the f.;lel that it is the premier legal-sl>cdfic I)roduct on the market, it has spawrle<! a family of complementtlry vendors. These Independents, recognizIng a winner when they sre one, tlnd takIng advan ta ge of Wordperfect's macro cap.lbility, have dC'VCloped an array of an· ci ll<.lry pro!!r"m s.

These progra ms, while ;:Icwally oper(lting in a Wordperfect mode, replie<lte programs heretofore wrillen In ~ dma processing mode. Now you can do billing, confli ct checking, docketing and case management without L"\ICr leily..

Ing Wordperfect or having to leJrn the mysteries of data I)rocessing programs.

True, th ese word processihg macrobased data management progrJms arc only designed for small pra ctices (typically one to three timekeepers), but these are preci:tely the pr~ct itio n ers who can benefit most fro m using them. Finally, pound for pound, Ihe>c pseudo-data processing programs :lIe sigrlific.lntly Ic~s expensive than th eir pure data processIng counterpartS. •

$cpwm/x:, 1989

Request For Consulting Services Office Automation Consulting Program

SCHEDULE Of fEES, TERMS AND CONDITIONS

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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------REQUEST FOR CONSULTING SERV ICES OFFICE AUTOMATION CO'lSULTl NG PROG RAM Sponsored by Alabama State Bar

THE FIRM

Fifm~ "f'~m~'~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Word processing C(luipmcnt (if any) _____________________________

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Dictation equipment (If any) O,l1a pruccssir)g Copy equipment Uf any) Telephonc equipment PROGRAM .... of emphasis desired

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Mail this request for service to the Alilb<tma Slale Sar for scheduling. Send to the a11enlion of Milrgatel 8oone, executive assistan t, Alabama State 8ar, P.O. 80K 6n, Montgomery, Alabama )6tOl .

The Alabama Lawyt'r

277

Disciplinary Report Re instatement • Birmingham lawyer leonard Ke nneth Moore WJSrein10 the practice of law effective June 1, 1989. [Pet No.

stated

89·01)

Suspensions • On May 24, 1989, the S\Jpreme CO\lrt of the StOlle of Alabama entered an order SU51>cnding Sa llie M. McConnell from the prilcHcc of law for non-compliancc wi th the mandatory continuing legal cduCOItiOn rC(tuircm cnlSof the AlilbillTIiI State Bar with an effcctlve dale of s;'Ild suspension 10 be April I, 1989. [elE No. a8..j'4j • O n May 31, 1989, the Supreme Court of the Slale of Alilbamil entered ;In order suspending Kenneth H, Mi ll ican from the pr(l ctice of law for non.compliancc with the mal,dalory continuing legal education rC<luiremcllIs of the Alabama Slale Bar with an IilffC(tiVQ d(lte of silid suspension 10 be April I, 1989. (CLE No, 88.371 • By order of the SUI)f'(!me Coun of Alabama, l-h.lIltsville lawyer Oa" Moran wa s suspended from the pr,letice of I(lw for a period of 91 days, effectiw June 15, 1989. Momn's suspen· sian is based upon his corwlcllon beloro th e DiSCiplinary Board Of the Alilbilm,l State Bur of unethical conduct. In IWO separale cases, Moriln was found 10 be guihyof engaging In illegal candltct involvi ng morillturpitude, dishonesty, fraud, deceit, misrepresentation or willfvl misconduct; willfully neglecting a legal maner entrUSted to him ilnd (ailing to seek the lnwful obJectives of hi s cl iemt; and that he prejudiced or damaged his cl ient during th e course of th e profe ss i onall't!la t ion~hip. In the second case, Mora n again wa s found guilty of each o( the (l OOve-st(l tOO ethical violations, aJ'ld hI additiOn therew, wa s found to have misappropriated the fund s of a client entrusted t(l him In tha t he f;lilcd to deposit sa id fund s In an Insured trust account and, further, (liled to timely pay these monies of the d ient, upon rL'Ceipt th ereof, to the client. [ASB Nos. 86·20 and 87-47J • Sylacaus.1 lawyer Will iam Kenneth Rogers, Ir., W(lSsuspended from the practi ce of law for a I'x;!riod (l f90 days, efk,,· tive June 2, 1989, by order of the SUI)reme Court of Alilbamil.

Said suspension was based upon Rogers' bein8 found 8ui hy by the Disciplinary Board of the AlabaJ'Tla Sti'l!e BM (If v,~riQ\l ~ ethics violiltiorl s. Specifically, Rogers W<lSfound to haw been guilty of engagirlg in conduct involving di shonesty. fr.l\ld, deceit or misrcl>resentiltion or will ful misconduct; of engall' 11'\8 in conduct tllill i1dvcrsely refl ects on his fitness to practice l.lw; of accepting employmerll wherein his profeSSiOnil l judg' ment on behall of his cHent \YOuld be or fCMonably might have been affected by his own financia l, business, pr'()l~rty Or per· sonil l interest; ,1nd, of emerlng lnto a business transaction with i1 d ient where he hild differing interests therein, without con· sent of the dient after full disclosure. [AS8 No. 88·33)

"8

Public Censures • On May 19, 1989, Anrl jston l aw~r Jame! A. Milchl!ll wa s censured for unprofessional conduct, In Violation of four Disdplinilry Rules of lhe Code Professional Respom ibilit y.

Mitchell accepted employment, an .lUOfl\ey's fee and COurt costs from a client to nle tWO suits on beh(llf of a client in small claims C(Jurl. Mitchell, n(lnetheless, ne81ected the matters and f,li1ed to nle suit for appro~imately 11 months, at whi ch point neither defenda rl t could be located at the i1dd resses that hild been provided 10 Mitchell by hi s client at the time of employment. [ASS No. 87.582J

0'

• On May 19, 1989, Huntsville lawyer William R. Self,

II, wa s censured for hailing willfully negll'Ctoo i1 legal mailer entrusted to him, in vi olation of the Code of Pra fC!ss iona/ Responsibility 01 thc A/.lb:Jflla Stale Bar. Self was hired arrd accepted a $500 retainer to defend a client In a DUI casc, but th ereaftQr failed to 1;0ntal;I the clien t about the rllatter, despite numerous efforts by the client to contact him ,md numerous messa~es left at hiS (lffice by tire client. Befo re tir e trial date In the DUI ca se, the I;Jient dismissed Self, i1nd req(,esled tlrill he refund the full $500 retiliner paid, but Self did not refund any portion of the pre-paid retainer fe~. (ASB No. 66-256[ • On May 19, 1989, I·juntsville lawyer William R. Self, II, wa s censul'cd for havirlg engaged in condUCt adverSely reflecting on his fitness to practice law, having willfully neglec::teQ a leg<11 m~lter entrusted to him, and having intentionally failL'(j to carry OUt a contraCi of employment entered into with II client. Self wa s retained (lnd l><Iid a $500 retainer fcc to represent" cli~nt who had received a motor vehicle citation on Red· stone Af5enal. Self appeared in courtal the first selling of Ihe case in September 1987 ilnd rC(IUested a 3o.day continuance, whi ch wa s grarltcd. He faifed to apl>ear at the ne~t selling in October 1987, and the court granled his client another JCklay continuance. Thereafter, Self did I'IOt COlltaCt the client about the maller, and failed or refused to respond 10 numerous mes. s{lges from the client requesting that he contact her and deliver her fi le to her. In December t987 the cllerlt had to represent herself in courl without assistance of cOlmsel. [ASS No. 88.4011 • On May 19, 1989, Huntsville lawyer William R. Self, II, W<lScensured (or willfully neglecting a legal mailer entrusted to him and faili n!! to carry out il conH,let of employment entered into with a cli ent for professional services, in vi olation of the Cooo or ProfC'sslo rl<1l Responsibility. Upon receipt of one·half of a retainer to represent a client In a divorce ac· tion, Self promised the dlelll that he would immediately write to the ,l!Iorney for the client's wife. A ......eek laler, the client receiV(.od ~ letter from lire wife's attorney in(IUirin8 as to why said attorney had not recci~ a response from Self. After two weeks of uM uccessful alteml>ts to meet andlor I(lik with Self, the cllerll inforr'rled Self's St.."Cretl.l fy that he no longer desired

September 1989

the services of Self and requested a rofund of the retainer. Self nC\!Cr con tacted Ihe client nor did he refund the retainer.

IAS8 No. 88-3431 • On Friday, M~ 19, 1989, Huntsville attonw:."y William Self, II, was publicly censured by the " labama State Bar for vlolal ion of Disciplinary Rules 6-101V\), 7-101{A)(1){2) and (31, Jnd 9-102(A)(2). Self was found to hiM! willfully and InlentiOflally neglected a legill milUer entrusted to him, to haYe failed to carry oot a Conlract of employmenl with his client and to ha~, by his negl I, preludlccd or damaSed his client. Additionally, It wa s determined that ScI( had, in violation of oor rules, withdrJWn and applied to his own use fu nds belonging In I)art to the client and in part potcnti,,!!y to the lawyer while 1'1 dispu te eKistL'Ci rcgilrdi ng the possession of the funds. [AS8 No. 88· 2951

Private Reprimands • On May 19, 1989, a law~( wa s priva tely l'CI:H'imilnded for h..... lng violated

DR 1·102(")(4), DR 1·102(A)(6), DR 7-102(1\1(7) and DR 7-102{81(1). The I~r represen ted a dient who had been charged in muniCipal COurt with driving undC!l' the innumce of alcohol. The client Informed the l aw~r that he had given a fraudulent name to the arresting police omcer, but the lawyer, IlOnetheless, appeared wilh ,hc client in municipoll CQurt as his anorney, and allowed the client 10 plead guilty to the charge under the fraudulent namf'!. The lawyer did IlOt wlth<ir;r.v, despite his kJlC1,lJledge that the clien t Intended to perpetr;)te a fraud upon the court, and he did not Instruct the dient to rectify the fraud. [AS8 No. 87-3 141 • O n May 19, 1989, il law~r W.lS privately reprl mal'lded for having e,l· gaged In conduct pre]udlclalto the ad· ministration of Justice, In \'Iolatlon of DR 1·102(")(5). The la-.vyer appeared in open court under the influence of 'l1cohol, while representing the de(end"nt in a capital murder case. The trial judge held the I;Iwyer in contempt and had him

]alled until the nCMI day. (AS8 No. 88·678) • On May 19, 1989, an Alab.lma lawyer was privately repfimanded for ensaglng in condud that ad vel"St!ly rene<:ted on his fltn~s to practice law. The lawyer, when questioned by a clien t as to a mailer which the law~r had hand· led, wrote the dient sta ting, ~hc only mistake I hilYC made is accepting a senile old fool like you for il client." IAS8 No. 86-419] . 01'1 May 19, 1989, an Alabama lawyer received a private repr mand for falling to refund promluly any IliIrl of a fee Ilald In advance that had not been earned upon the allorncy's wlthdr,lWai from employment. The lawyer had receive(1 prCllaym(Jnt of an e~e(u tor's fee aftor n/llning himself as l'Kcculor in a will drilfted by the lawyer for thc dlcn!. Fol· lowing a dlsllutc over the matter, the dient filed a grievance ilgalnst t1e 13W')o1!r.

Only then did the lawyer refund the unearned e~ccutor's fee to the client.

IASa No. 86-4191 •

-NOTICE-

ATTENTION ATTORNEYS

In the ( ir('ult Court of the Tenth ludicial Circuit Bcssemer Division in Equity

LEGAL INVESTIGATORS

NOW YOU CAN HAVE IMMEDIATE ACCESS TO

BIRMINGHAM

Administrati Ve Order 89- 1 Irl all dOr'ncstlc rel" tions cases, effective October 1, 1989, all motions (or tcm l>orary relief (i.e., motions for temporary custody, motions for use and possession of the hOfl'lcplace and persona l property) shall be submilled upon affidavit of the movant.

The motion and all affidavits sh1l11 be served upon the opposing parties who shall be granted I'lve days frOm the dilte of service to submit affidavits in opposition. Thereupon, the motioo shall be ruled upon by the court without a hearing unless the COOi1 deter. mines tha t a hearing Is necessary.

Done and ordered Ihls the 7th day of July 1989.

- Roger Ha lcomb, Circuit

The Alabama Lawyer

THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES

Judg~

942-7552

' DOTHAN

793-1 288

'HUNTSVILLE

539-7761

' MOBILE

343-3310

' MONTGOMERY

834-1300

' MEMBER N.A.LI. The NationBJ AssocIaIion

01 , " -l lnvesJigafOrS QUAUTY PROFESSIONAL SERVICE

279

Memorials Ernest Min!:!c Bailey-F.lirhUIlC Admitted : 1951

Died; Jul y 4, 1989

Eugene Ballard, Ir.-Montgomery Admil1~ : 19)3 Died: May 11, 1989

Carl GeOrge Moeoes-6irmingham Admined : 1931 Died : February 18, 1969

M ichael Alan Slephcns-Birmingham Admilted: 1984 Died : July 13, 1989

Jerry Lee Biddill- Rirminghilm Admitted : 1987 Died: February 23, 1989

Joseph Crowell Ca mp- Linden

Sieriing Franklin Stoudenmire, Mobile Admitted : 1955 Died : July 6. 1989

Ir.-

Ad ml ncd: 1937

Died: June 19, 1989 Phillip Dale Corley- Birmingham i\dmillcd: 1966 Died : July 12, 1989

JanclJJ Jackson Wood-Mobile Admitted : 1935 Died: July 28, 1989

He was a forme r president of the East· ern ShOre Chamber of Commerce, East· Nn Shore United FUrld, Revelers Club arId the Falrhol>C Rola,), Club. He also served as commander of th e Fairhor~e J>a.Ner Squadron and as ~ national offi~r in the U.S. I~ r Sflu adrOrl. Bailey wa s chai rperson of the Baldwin County Boy Scouts Committee for marry y<!3t'S ;"nld 3 member of the Mobile Area Council, Bar' Scou ts of Ameri ca. He wa s a memherof St. James Epi scopal Church (Inc! se~ on the vestry and as senior warden for a number of years.

Survivors inc:llide his wife, t..1ura R. Bailey, of Fa irhOl>e; two !>OilS, William M. Btlil(.'Y of Oaktown, Virginia. and Erne st M. Bailey, Jr., of Fort "'Ioad, TeKJs, I-Ie also has s(""VCral stcpchlldren and grJ lldchil. dn~ rr .

- M .. rion E. Wynne, Ir. Fairhope, Alabam>l

Thaddeus Jones D.wis, Jr.-Marion Admiued: 1949

Died: March 30, 1989 Horace U",ingston flurry-Montgomery

Admitted: 1932 Died: March 29, 1969 ' tll11(!i W.. ltcr Henson- Hoover

Admitted: 1979 Died : February 13, 1989

ERNlST MIN(.l: BI\III-Y

William Ernest Hollingsworth, It.-

Talladega Admitted : 1950 Die<!: June 2, 1989 Pi\ul Williilm Jevne-Marengo, Illinois Admined : 193 4

Died:

Fcb ru ~ 1Y

3, 1989

JameS Mylas Jolly. Jr.-Homewood Admilled: 1958 Died : April 21, 1989

280

Ernest Minge Bililer. 72. died al his home! Orl Fish River in B(lI(lwin COf.lnty.

Al abama. July 4, 1989. I" e wa s born In Demopolis. ~n d has been an attorrlf:'y In Fairhope since 1954. "Ie graduated (rom the Unive(l;i ty of Alabama Law School.

8ail(,.'Y entered the service of his coun· try In th€! Unit(>(l Slates Army as an en· listed man and fetlll~ as a lieuumanl 001. onel in the arUIICfy division prior to entering his law practice hI Fairhope.

These notices are published Immedi. atel y after reports of death are received.

Biographical information not appearing In this issue will be publi shed at a later date If lnfOm'lation is accessible. We ask you to promptl y report the death of an Alabama attorney to th e Alabama State Bar, and loVe \oVOukl appreciate '!$Ir assist· ance in provid ing biographical Informa· tion for The Alabama Lawyer.

S""wmb<" 1989 )

f-INIS MlJlH AND SMITH

Judge Finis MUlland Smith, former presiding judge of the 22nd Judicial Circuit, passed ww<ry April 14, 1989. Judge Smith was fl~t elected to the bench In 1958 ar'ld took omce In October of tha t year to corllillett:! hb predecessor's uneKpircd term before entering. In JanL)ary 1959, upon the term for which he was elected .

At the time of his clcctiOr\, thl! 22 nd Judicial Circuit was comprised of CO'Iington illld Genev.l counties. Subsequently, CcnL'V,l County and Dale County ~f(!

COl'rrblned as the 3Jrd Judicial Circuit and only COYlngton Co~mly remained In the 22nd Circuit.

Judge Smith scrved on the bench for more than 30 yea~ and retired 3t the completion of his fifth term In January 1989.

He was born 011 hiS family's farm In Covington County on August 23, 1919, and W,IS graduated from Red Level High School In 1938. After grilduation he entered the Unlve~lty of Alilb.lmil and earned his undergraduate degree in the spring of 1942.

Immediately Ih(>r~aft cr, 11I.l entered the mmy, receiVi.'d his comrlllssioll as a 2nd Llml!ell/lnt and was rrsslgnLod to a t.. nk company in the 2nd Armored Division .

As a tank commander, and later as one of the youngest company commanders in his division, he saw heavy combat duty In North Africa, Sici ly, Haly and France. On August 25, 1944, two days afler his 25th birthday, as a young C.ll>tilin, he W.1 S severely \oYOunded in France neilr Ihe Seine River. After nearly tWO yt!alS of hoS pi t.l n~ilt ion, he w;1S SCp.'l ril ted from the service In April 1946. During his ,nllll.lry service, he was illV..,ded the SIIvcr SIilr, the Purple Hearl, n Presidential Unit Citation and four Camp.lign Stars.

In 1945, he marrif'd the fOrmer Nan Holmes of Gantt, Alabama.

Upon leaving the service, he returned to the Uni\(!rslty of Alabama and cotered Iww ~hool. He received his law degree In 1949 and subsequently "hllng out his s hlngle~ In i\ndalusia, Alabama.

He acquired his family's farm in the Loango Communi ty in CWlngton County ,md made his home there Ihe last 30 years of his life. He was an avid hunter and fisherman, as well as an eKI>crt gardener. 'ie was a c.k.wted member of the Mobley Creek Baptist Church where he

scrwd as a deacon, Sunday School teacher and sUI)erinwlldent oi the Sunday School.

During his service on the berlch, Judge Smith ei!rned a reputa tion for his knowledge of the law an(! was knO\vn for his unusual judicial temperament. Although he condUCted his court with a firm hand, he was never known 10 raise his voice or 10 embarrOlSS arl)<)rle partidp;iting in a trial before him. He wa sl},lrticularly patient with and helpful to young lawyers in his circuit. He was greatly respected by his fcllOYJ judges and 1111 of Ihe lawyers who had I)(casion to IIppear in his court.

Of hl~ life it can truly be said th'" he devoted It to service to his Milker, his country, his family and his fellow man.

Judge Smith's wife of 41 yea~ predeceilscd him in 1986. He Is su'Vlved by two daughters, Elaine S. Marlnlng arId Gail S. Jones, and one granddaughter, Alex.l Jones, <III of Andalusi .. , Alabama.

- Griffin Sikeii Andalusia, Alabilmil

Please Help Us ... h;rvc no wirY of knowing when one of our memhcrship Is deceased unless we are notified. Do nOt wait for someone else to do it; if you know of the death of one of our members, please let uS knO'N. Memorial information must be in writing with name, return address and telephone number. ~

The Alaoom/l l;lwycr

281

Young Lawyers' Section

T

he Young Lawyers' Section of

thc AlalHlr'I)1l Stale 8ar convened lis 1Dth annual meeting of the Scmlnar-on·the-Beach at 5,;,ndestin, Florida. The ConHnuing Lcg.,1 Education pf08fJm offered a wide variety of topic~ 10 the morc rhim 200 young lawyers who attended. and in(I\lued such speakers as Bill BaH ley and Limny Vines. There were numer·

ous social ilctlvllies Includh18 ,1 golf tourrlamCrlt, a Friday night cocktail p;lrty sponsored by Pinman, Hooks, M,lrsh, Dutton & Hollis, p,C" ilnd il

Smurclay night cocktail pMly ;md 1)'1nd PJrty, sponsof(.'(1 by Emond & Yine5.

A SJX'(ial thanks to those twl) firms which helped make thc S'Hldcstin

mCCtlr18 11 success.

In noting thm my appreciation goes 10 Sid Jadson, Fr':lIlk Woodson Jnd Preston Bah for their fine effort in pulting together the SandC5tin semin<lr, I have been requl>swd to retraCt it $m<lll error in till! May article for The! Ala· bama Lawyer. In that se<:lion, I nO\(.od thllt Oonllid Partridge W<lS currently president of the Moblte Young Lawyers' Secti on AtOUa te. In (JCI, Sid Jackson currently leads thJt organizJtion in ils endeilvofl;, ilnd everyone looks forwJrd to the events of the annUill stilte bilf Il'ecting in Mobile nexl yeilr.

The <lnrlu<ll r"r'Ieelirl!] of the Alab.arll<l State BOlt convened Thursday, July 20, 1989. The Young Lawyers' SccHon, liS per usua l OJstom, hosted a social (unction thJI Thursday evening with music provided by "Chevy 6." Th(l p..lrty W(iS a success, Jnd many thanks 80 to Amy Slayden ilnt! Frank POll~ for their effotls.

The YlS also cOrlVcned ils arlrlual business meeting Friday, July 21,

282

t989. arld a new s1ate of officers WilS duly elected. They nre PresidentJames Anderson; President-<!IeclPercy 8JdhJm; Setretilry-Keith Normiln; ilnd Treilsurer-Sid Jackson.

Congriltvlations 11) those nl-'W le,rdQf$ of the Y15. lam~ Aruicr!oOn will be forming his executive COmrl1lttee for the coming year .11\d also will be fonnIng Olher commiUees to serve the Yl S. For those Interes:ed, please contJCl James Jt his office in Montgomery.

As I begin to write' thi~. my last .utide as president of the YLS, I sit in my hotel room in Hunlsville. Alab<mla, at the t t tth meeting of the Alab..~mll State Bar. II is h<lrd to believe that it was only four years ago In this very ci ty tilJt I was elected as treJ surer of the YLS, and only one shon yeJr AgO that I began my (erm as pr~iden ( . In IJkingthis opportunity to look b.lck on the accompli~hrnents of this seclion for the laSI yeJr, I f(>t! grJtific:d thdl II has ix.'Cn a very good year. This Is due in IMge PMt to the excellent and ur\lirIng support I received from the memo bers of my executive commiUee. Our section continued to excel in the Jrca of public service ilS evidenced by the continuing growth ,me POPI)IMity of our Youth Judicial Program, which was ably chaired by Charlie Andersorl. Our s('(:tlorl continued to provide valuJble SUPI)Qrt Jnd Insight 10 the rlew lilwyers coming into our profession as evidenced by the sue· cC5sful admission ceremonies headed

by Rel>eeC<l Show~ Bryiln. and the ever-pollular cOntinuing ICWlll'C/ucalion series th.lt W,\S chaired by Steve ShJw. Of course, our Jnnulli SemlnJr· on·the-Beach. chJlrcd by Sid Jackson Jnd Preston Boit. W,lS Jnother success-

N. G unler Guy, Jr. 1988·89 VLS Presidenl ful and enjoyable t'ven1.

Not only did the YLS llccompllsh much in it~ duties to the b.ar and to the I)ublic Ihl ~ yeM, bUI the groundwork has ~n IJld lor many more successful Jccompllshments which lie JheJd. A. spcciill thanks goes to Gilry Huckaby, p;lst president of the Alabilmil State 13M, who provided unselfish and c()n tinued ~upp(lrt to our organization.

My th.lnks illso go 10 Rtogin.lld I-t.Hlmcr arld his sl"ff at the Alnbl'lnra Stilte Bar he<ldquarters (or their support when· ever I c.1Ucd Ul)Qr1 them.

It is my belief thilt the yOung lawyers of this stOlle have a nS of which they can be proud and il stiJ te b.lr of which they COIn be proud. This is due in lilr8e 1,,1 rllo Ihe dl.'(lic.ltl.oO I!1IJlvldu<lls who s~r"Ve our prof~ssior1 on a daily basis. I also am confident thm both the YLS ;"lrld the Alabilr1\a St;l\e Bar will continue to en;oy and ex· perience mJny more accompli\hmen l~ lInder the new leadership of Alvil Caine and JJmcs Anderson. t 1>lcdge 10 them my ~Uj}port. ,md ! wi sh thC!m well In the year nhe'ld.

It has been 01 great hOrlor for me to have had the 0P!)QftUlllty to serve the young IJwyers of this stOlte; I hope I have served you well, and I thJnk you for allowIng me 10 do so •

Classified Notices 1'_--::=-::-:-:-::--FOR SALE THE LAWBOOK EXCHANGE, LTD. Buys and sell5 m;tjor liM' books-

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FOR SALE: Good condi tion: Coq>us

Juris Secundum, complete SCI; U.S. Code Service, Tille 1·26, 29 §401·800, Tille 42 §5501-cnd; Southern Reporter, vo lum ~ 1·200; Southern RCI)I)rtc r, \101urnes 1·194, 257·330; Sou th ern Re-

porler, volumes 1·27, 38, 42-62, 64-70,

74, 77, 60-89, 91-200; Alabama Reporl§ (Annoltl1i!d), l100k 1-49; A labam:.. Re-

l>orts (Annotated), Book 1-410,4 15--470; Alab.1ma Reporter, volumes 331.506;

Alabama Apl>eUate Court Reports, vol· ~Imes 1·22, 26, 36·57; Fede",1 Reporter, volumes 1·)00; WeSI Federal Prnclice DigCSt, volumes 1·61, 76·92; Alabamll DigCSt, volumes 1·21; Alabama Dig(''5I, \()luf1'K.'5 \·18, 20, Index; Ameri~n JurisprudCf'lce, volumes 1·56 and General Index; American Jutisprudence Plead· ings & P(Jctice Forms, volumes 1·25 and Cenerallndex; Federal Procedural Forms, mlumes 1·161lnd Cenernllndex; Federal Pr<lClice Digcsl, volumes 1·15, 19·2 1; Modern I1!dlYal Practice Dlgcsl, volumes 1·3B, 16A-46 and Index; Moores Federal Practice, volumes 1·13 and Index; Benders FederOlI Praclice Forms, volumes 1·5; Shcp..1rd's Alabama Citations (1!)72); Shep<lrd's U.s. Cit<l· lions; Shepard's FeOOrill Ci lalion5; Col· lier Uankruptcy Manual, volumes 1·3; Collier B,mkruplCY MllI'Iual (2nd Edl· lion). volumes 1·3; Coil icr 8<lnkruptcy Guide, volumes 2, 3, 4, 5 and AI>I)('n· dix; Collier Oan kruplcy Rules (1965), Parts 1 & 2; Curren! legal Forms, \()1. ume 10 and Index; Code of Alabama (1940), Tilles 1·62 and Index; Code of Alabama (Recoml)iled 1958), \IOlumes 1·15; Code of " Iabama (Recomplll'd 1985), volumes 1·11, IS; Code of Alaooma (Recompill'd 1958), 'oOlumes 1·15; Code of "laoom,l (Recompiled 1958), volumes 1·15; Codeof Alabama (1975),

The Alabama Lawyer

__ _-_-----_._" ___ --_ _" ___ _-_..----

_-___. ......__ __-,_._

. - -,"",.,.. .. .. ................ ......"','_-" ..... . . . ..... ...... ........... .. ...... ... ..... ... ' " ... _

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'oOlumes 4, 10, 16, 21, 24, 25, 26 & 27; Americ",n Federal TalC Reports, YOlumcs I, )·15; Soulheast Transaction Guide (Florida, Gt.'orgia, "Iabama), volumt.-s 1·19 and Index; Alabama Practice and Forms, volumes '·6; federa l TOIK Guide, 1977-1981; SICWMt'S Reports, volumes 1·3; Porter's Repo ns, \()Iumes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 & 9; Leg.11 AspeclS r;J Real ESlale TranS'l(tions; Basic t.eg.11 Skills; Nichols Encyclopt.>dia of legal Forms. volumes 1·9; 1979 World EINrllS Y~<lrbook ; The Joscl>hson BRC (Multistatc One & Two, Alilb.lma One & Two); 1984 and 1985 City Directory; 1984 Martindale Hubbell; 1985 Martindale Hubbell, less vol. ume I; Alabama 61ue & While Hooks; The Prob..1lc Counsel, 1975, 1!)7G & 1980; Irllerndl Rcwl1uc U.oUC( Rulh'gs; 1984 'vVelumpka City Dir'C.'clory; Ala· bama Rules of Court (1985), The Corn· merclal Bar (1982); Alabama Stdte BM Desk Books; Medicare & Medicaid Claims &- Procedures; Legal Problem Solving (2nd Edition); Criminal Law; Accounting for lawyel'j; NASO Securi· ties Dealers Manual. Conl.act Ellis D. 'ianan, C.. pouano, Wampold, !'resl· wood & Sanson.., P.A., 350 Ad.-ams A~ nue, Monlgomery, Alabama. Phone (20S) 264·640 1, FOR SALE: \Qlume I Slewa,l Minor through 447 Southern 2d, also \()Iumes 444-469 Alabama Reports-.1 total of 710 volumes; also "Iab.lma Digest.

Contact John W. Gibsoll, P.O. 80x 488, Troy, Alabama 36081.

BOOKS FOR SALE: U.S. SUI>reme Coun Reports, volumes 1·1080 $2,500, excel· lent condition/new; So.2d 26()'5J8 cur· renl, ~xcellenl condilionlnew, S6,SOO; AmJur 2e1 $2,750, excelicni condl· tlon/new; Code or Alabama U50; Am· Jur Pleadlr18 & PraCllce $500; Mahog· any u-shapcd Paoli executlYC sccrelarial desk w/glass tops, $2,000. Phone (205) 687-1613, Edgar.

FOR SALE: AlR ltd, with 1987 pocket l><IrlS; "LR 4th through IJOlume 21 and ALR 2d later Case Service (needs

.. _ U.... _ _ _ ,(I... . . . . _

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pocket parIS). Conlact Jerry W Jackson, P.o. Box 819, Haleyville. Alabama 35565. Phone (205) 486-)616.

FOR SALE: F.2d, volumes 1 Ihrough current and F.2d, volume I through 640; ALR 2d, complete with current Ix>ckel p,lrts: " LR 3r(!, complele with current pockel parts; and ALR 41h, through currelll yolum~ Contact lerry W. lackson, P.O. Box 819, Haltyvllle, Alabama 35565, Phone (205) 4863618.

POSITIONS OFFERED ATTORN EY lO BS: National and Fed· erJllegll 1 Employment Reporl: highly regJrded monthly detailed listing or hundreds of IIttorney and law-related jobs with U.S. CO\ICrnment, Olhl!r publidprivalc employers in Washinglon, D.C., Ihroughout u.s. and aoroad. $30-3 monlhs; $53-6 months. FffI· ('ral Reports, lOtO Vermonl "ve., NW, '408·"B, Washinglon, D.C. :W005.

Phone (202) 393·33 11 . Visa/Me. RAPIDLY GROWING NASHVilLE· BASED law firm with expanding na· tlonal practice seeks ;morncys, one to four ~,11'5' experience. Preference gi~n for judJcial clerkship, lop quarter, law review or Jou rnal. Economics, account· ing and buslnen courses hell)fu!. Send resunlillo BOl( 2782, N;lshvllle, Tenncs-

s(.oe 3n19.

"SSOCIATE POSITION AVA ILABLE: Appllc,lnl must haYC been Jd milted \0 Alabama State Bar for Ilt least one year and possibly be willing 10 reloclue.

Send leiter and resu me 10 Ja nn Thomas, Davis, KOOilf & Goldberg, ,}20 Merchant's Walk, Sic. A, Huntsville, Alabama 35601.

MID·SIZE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, taw firm requires Ihrl,!(! associates with up 10 four years of IItigalion experience.

Two positions arc available represenling defendan ts and Insurance carriers. and one position is iIV,liJable In the area of commercial and conSIruction litigation.

283

,-

Classified Notices Appilcan ts must have gradullted in the top 20 I>creen \ from .[In ilccreditcd law school. Repl y 10 Mr. R.V. Perkins, Hovis, Kyle & Burch, 53 Pe rim e ter Cente r Eil5t, Third Floor, Allanta, C eorgia 303 46.

SERVI CES TRAFFI C EN G INEER-Con s u ltimtlE~· perl Wi l n~ ~: Cl{lclu[lte, registered, PI(!fessiona l cogint'f:r, 40 years' experience. Highway ill d ty design, traffi c

control devices, city lOlli ng . Write or

caU for resume, f~§. lilCk w. Ch"mullss, 421 BcllchurSI Drive, Montgomery, A l abam~ 36 109. Phone (205) 272· 2353.

LEGAL RESEARCH HELP: Experienced attorney, mCmbcrof AI;,loom" State Bar since 1977. ,\cCC5S to law school and Sl3tc law libr;H ics. Wcsl lllw lIVililablc.

Prompt dCildl ine ~rv i ce. V& do uce-l searches. $lS/hour. Sarah Kathryn Farnell, 112 MQl) rc Building, MOn t· gomery, Alabama 36104. Ph one (205) 277-7937. In Jefferson and Shelby coun· lics, caU free: 32 2·4419. No rcprcsen·

Mlion is made aooul IIle quality of the ley.ll services to be performed or the expcrllse of /he la ...... yer pedorminy such services.

EXAMINATION OF Q UESTIONED Documents: Handwriting. typewriting ill1d rel(ltl..'d e!(,lmin.l tions, Intcrn(ll ionillly court·qu(llificd exl>crt witness. Diplomate, Amcriciln Oomd of Forensic Document Ex.lminllrS. Member, Ari'leri· can SOcillly of Ques tioned Document hamlners, the Inler'nationai Associa· tlon (or Identification, the Bri tish Foren· sic Science Society (lnd the N(ltion(ll Association of Criminal Defense LilWYCI'S. Retired Chief Document EKaminer, USA CI Lilbor(l torieS. H.1nS MayCr G id· ion, 2111 MerrymOilI Drive, Au gusta, Georgiil 30907. Phonc (404) 660-4267. kOO flN G LITIGATION: Expert wi t· rl~SS arid in~ligarion; acci dent recon· struction; sa felY analysi s; Industry stan· dards. Roof corl d ltlon reports including t(!Stlng and ana lysi s. Specification for ncw <llld re trofit roofing systems. In· sta ll.Uion inspections and quality con·

PLEASE NOTE: The Alabama State Bar's two FAX numbers are: Main office-269-1501 Center for Professional Responsibility-834-2780

264

trol. Robert Koni ng. 8301 Jo liet Street, Hudson, Florida 34667. Pho ne (813) 863·3 427.

STATI STI CS: E~I>crt s in st(l tisti c;s: diSc rimi n<l tion, EI'A or other matters. Our experts have consuit(!(j ar,d te5tifk>d on st lll i st i C~ 'Illd O(:Onomics CNer the past IS years. Plainti ff or defense. Qualified in Illany federal distri cts Full service consu lt ing fi rm, not a referral service.

Dr. R.R. Hill, Analy1i c Serv ices, Inc., P.O. Box 571265, Hou$lon, Texas 77257. Phone (713) 974·0043.

VALUATI ON, ECONOMICS: b pert5 in valua tions. Lost earnings; PI; busi-

nesses; professional practices; contract dam ages; o r PillenlS, CllnlputCt programs or mhor irllclicc luaillropcrties.

Our CXI)Crts have teslifi('(! and COil' su ited 011 complex valua tions over the pa st 16 years. Qualified in m,my (cdcml and sta tecourls. Full servicec;onsull1ng firlll , nol a referf;ll service. Or. R.R. Hill, An ill yl ic Sc rvic e~, Inc., P.O. 8 0x 5 71265, HouSII) r'I , TCx.1S 7nS7. Phone (713) 974·0043.

IOLTA Grant Applications Th e Alabama law Foundati on, Inc. has appl ications available for 1990 grants of IO LTA funds. The deadline for submitting applica tions is D ece m~ ber 30, 1989, w ilh grants being awa rded in March 1990. For more information contact Tracy Daniel, Alabama Law Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 67 1, M ontgomery, A labama 36101.

S" ",mb,,

1989

f

Two More Reasons 'IO Use CT's DeltIuwre ExjnYss~ Service!

NtIIJ Exlmlk4 Hours!

We know there arc limes when yOu need ~ crlt lcOil filing d:l(c hue i n the d:I)'. And we

want to he lp . Ou r

tWO

Dela-

ware o ffl ccs wUI rcm .. in open longer in o rder to serve you beller. T heir new hou rs :Irt :

8:10 a.m . (0 7:}0 p. m. (E.5. T.)

F_lmlk _ _ lsi

We 'll arr.mgc for the fili ng as soon as it is received. W.tnl 10 S:l.\'C tht: CX!r,1 handling rec Imposed by Ihe st:IIC for rush

f1I lngs? Just make sure C T reserves the name :tnd we're deslgn:llcd registered :tgent , Count y recording? Don 't worr y, O ur experlenccd Ddaw:lre siaff will take carc or It , 2utom:I.lIc-.Il1y,

f:u:

So ror r;IS t ttl tn:lrou nd on your next Delaware Incorporation , usc C T 's /)O/flllIllI'(i I!..xj)ress fil ing service , IIOr mo re inrorm:lllon o n how we can cxpcdil'c :11] or r ou r Iklaw:m,': corpor.Hc :md limited partnershi l) nti ngs through our ncw Oc1:twarc f:tx service, lust COnt :lCt your loc:tl C T br:tnch

Delaware Ccrtlfi(.::lIc of

omcc at; 2 Pc:tdHrce Street,

(n(orpor:ulon to eit her our Wl1mlnglOll or Dover office.

l e I: 1-800·241-5824 ,

Now 111:11 f:lcsl rnl1c caples or Ccr tific:ttcs of Il1corpor:lllon :lIld Other d(X;umcms arc being acccptt.'f.i by Ihe Sccrctaq' of SI!lIC of l)el:lw :lrc , S:II11C day service fro m C T is c:lslcr Ih:m c\'cr.

Rush incorpor:ulo n? Si mpl y :t /egll)/l! co py of you r

N , \'(I. , Atlanta, GA 30383 ,

IJ/IJlue Melf/} )'Qjjr IOCtd C T At.'ctm,,' Nulu'e,Y (!IIUllltljJ "f,[u,.,mul uf),u"r ftl cs /mlle 'rall$mluloru, sa lmr reCQrll$ CIUI b u

proper'y

•

'I()'~d,

C T CORPORATION SYSTEM

It, Wl/ml"SIll" • •':1)( ,

(lOl) 655-5049 • Fax, (302) <iSS- I .76

/" ' )Of...,,.

•

F;ur r (301) 674 -8340

Shea&

won

uld 路

over with research advan est

'!

'I N.W路 WES 4

\\bt Publishing P .O. Box 64526 Comp.any

St. Paul, MN 55164-0526

Key Number Power. A Winning Tradition. (' 1989 1\'tM rubll$hllll Co. 9749-lC