A glance at Akava 2011

1

2

Contents Akava 2011

3

E l Employment t prospects t

4

Extending working careers

10

Wellbeing at work

16

Salaries

20

Taxation of salary earners

25

Education

29

Entrepreneurship

34

Organisation

37

This publication can be found on the Internet at www.akava.fi/en/.

Printing house: Kirjapaino Uusimaa, 2011 ISBN: 978-952-5628-42-5

A Glance at Akava 2011

3

Akava 2011



Akava, the Confederation of Unions for Professional and Managerial Staff in Finland, is one of the three independent trade union confederations in Finland



Akava’s 34 affiliates have a total membership of 553,000 including approx. 102,000 student members



Akava’s unionisation rate is about 70 per cent. 27 per cent of trade union members in Finland are Akava members.



Akava represents the interests of professionals and managerial staff and others with a high level of education.



Akava oversees its members’ economic, professional and other common interests.

A Glance at Akava 2011

4

Employment p y prospects p p



Unemployment among those with a master’s degree or equivalent is higher than ever before.



A high level of education and unemployment in highly educated individuals is concentrated in the younger age groups. The recent decrease in unemployment has, however, focused mainl on those who mainly ho ha have e jjust st grad graduated. ated



The biggest single reason for graduate unemployment is that student intakes are too high in some fields.



Better anticipation of educational needs is crucial for reducing unemployment in the future.



Public sector employment and training services should also serve the needs of highly educated people.



Fixed term employment remains common in public administration jobs and among young women.



Fixed term employment p y contracts should not be used without jjustification.

A Glance at Akava 2011

5

Unemployment p y rate 1990–2009 by y educational level,, % %

%

22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Basic education only 15 14 13 12 11 Upper secondary 10 9 All 8 Lowest level of tertiary 7 education d ti and d llower 6 degree level 5 4 3 Higher degree level of tertiary education t ti d ti & 2 doctorate 1 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

22 21 20 19 18 17 16 (62,000) 15 14 13 12 11 (115,000) 10 9 8 7 (221,000) 6 (31,000) 5 4 (13,000) 3 2 1 0 2009 2010

Source: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava’s own estimation

A Glance at Akava 2011

6

Unemployed Akava members in selected fields fields, January 2011 Decrease

Increase

Bachelor of Engineering Bachelor of Business Administration Master of Engineering Master of Humanities Master of Business Master of Natural Sciences Master of Social Sciences Master of Arts Bachelor of Social Services Bachelor of Economics Master of Education Doctorate Bachelor of Humanities Master of Law Licentiate Bachelor of Nursing Bachelor of Natural Sciences Master of Agriculture Master of Theology Architect Pharmacist Master of Medicine Master of Dentistry -1 000

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

January 2011

Change per previous 12 months

4 661

-572

2 075

-251

1 816

134

1 737

-111

1 320

-108

1 260

-81 81

988

-27

646

-26

620

-60

597

-16

567

-80 80

470

32

436

-60

315

-3

280

-11

240

-42

219

-17

189

-10

141

7

111

-15

74

-9

72

-2

22

-4

5 000

Excluding persons laid off, situation 31.1.2011 Source: Statistics of Ministry of Employment and the Economy

A Glance at Akava 2011

7

Employment p y rate by y age, g 2009 % 100 90

100

Highly educated

90

80

80

All wage and salary earners

70

70

60

60

50

50

All

Highly educated

Employment rate, %

68.2

85.9

Unemployment rate, %

8.4

4.1

Outside labour force, %

25.6

10.4

40 30 20 10

40 30 20 10

0

0 Under 20

20–29

30–39

40–49 Age group

50–59

60–64

Persons with at least a master’s degree Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

8

Employment p y rate among g older age g groups, g p , 2000–2009 55–59 years of age %

All

100

100

Hi hl educated Highly d t d 86

90

85

88 88

All

Highly educated

90 80

80 70 60

60–64 years of age

%

59

63

65

66

66

65

67

68

71

71

70 60

56

57

60

57

50

50 40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

0 00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

23

00

25

01

26

02

27

03

29

04

34

05

39

37

06

07

41

08

39

09

Persons with at least a master’s degree Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

9

Employment p y relationships p in Finland in 2009, %

Akava members

All wage and salary earners

6%

13 %

12 % 11 %

Permanent full-time work

Permanent full-time work

Fixed term full-time work

Fixed term full-time work

Part-time work

Part-time work

82 %

76 %

Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

10

Extending working careers



Working careers must be extended in order to secure the funding base for public services and to ensure that tax levels remain reasonable.



Akava supports the aim of raising the average retirement age of wage and salary earners by three years in the period to 2025.



Retirement is more commonly due to unemployment and incapacity for work than to reaching pensionable age.



The solution lies in workplaces, as it is here that employees make their retirement decisions based on factors such as the conditions in the workplace. Simply raising the age of retirement will not solve the problem.



Attention must be focused on the entire working career. The length of working careers will increase only if   



we ensure the availability of work for recent graduates we create incentives for working age people to continuously develop their skills employees’ l ’ capacity it for f workk and d employability l bilit are retained t i d throughout th h t their th i working ki career employers retain their older employees and age discrimination is ended.

A Glance at Akava 2011

11

Average working life expectancy by five-year age b d given band, i in i no. off years in i 2007 Years

63 65

5

5

4,5

4,5

4

4

3,5

3,5

3

3

2,5

2,5

2

2

1,5

1,5

1

1

0,5

0,5

0,0 15–19 18

20–24

25–29

30–34

35–39

40–44

E.g: 50–54-year-old employees will continue working for an average of 3.9 years over the next five years

45–49

50–54

55–59

Average age for retiring on disability pension was 52.1 in 2009

60–64

65–69

0

Average age for retiring on old-age old age pension was 63.1 in 2009

Calculations by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health indicate that, if the working population continues to have a foreshortened active working life, costs of approximately EUR 25bn per year will result (premature retirement EUR 21bn 21bn, absence due to sickness EUR 2bn and occupational accidents EUR 2bn) 2bn).

Sources: Study for the European Commission, the Finnish Centre for Pensions / Arto Laesvuori and the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health

A Glance at Akava 2011

12

Persons retiring in 2009 and 2010 with a pension based on their own work history by pension benefit 59

N Normal l old-age ld pension i

51 32

Disability pension

30 5

Unemployment pension

14 4

Early old-age pension

1 0

•

2009; total 79,600 persons

1

p p pension for farmers Special

•

2010; total 70,700 persons

4

10

20

30

40

50

60 %

In 2009 for the first time more people retired on a normal old-age pension than on a disability disabilit or an unemployment nemplo ment pension. pension Average age of those retiring, years: 2009 2010 • Old-age pension 63.4 63.5 • Unemployment pension 60.3 60.9 • Disability pension 52.1 52.0 • All 59.5 59.6

Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions

A Glance at Akava 2011

13

Persons retiring on disability pension in 2000 and 2010, by main diagnosis 2010

Share 2010, %

2000 7,781

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

7,078 6,589

Mental disorders

29 %

6,571 1,739

Diseases ot the circulatory system

7%

2,463 6 789 6,789

Other diseases

30 %

6,727 0

2000

34 %

4000

6000

8000

10000

persons

 Both in 2000 and in 2010 approx. 23,000 persons retired on a disability pension.  In 2010 almost one in three of these was due to a mental disorder.

Disability pensions based on person’s own work history Source: Statistics of Finnish Centre of Pensions

A Glance at Akava 2011

14

Average g intended age g of retirement of Akava members 1997*

61.2

2001*

61.3

2004*

62.0

2008**

62.8

2010***

63.2 58

59

60

61

62

63

64 Years

 Three in four persons think they will stay in working life at least until the age of 63. The employee pension scheme reform of 2005 has achieved the desired results.

Sources: *) Akava Member Opinion Polls **) Statistics Finland, Quality of Work life Survey ***) Survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

15

Factors enabling g Akava members to remain longer g in working g life Important

Not very important

Meaningless

80

certainty JobJob certainty

16

69

Reduction in pace work Reduction in pace ofofwork

27

62

Improvement of leadership skills Improvement of leadership skills

61

Improvement of working environment Improvement of working environment

59

More flexible working hours More flexible working hours

49

Job alternation or sabbatical leave Job alternation or sabbatical leave

48

36

Part-time pension Part-time pension

47

40

Reduction of workload load Reduction of work

47

10

20

Total number of respondents: 1,094 Source: survey by TNS Finland commissioned by Akava, autumn 2009

7 10 10 16 13 7 9

49

9

47

35 0

32

46

38

in work assignments Change Change in work assignments

7

47

41

possibilities I Increased d education dIncreased ti education & training t i &i training possibilities ibiliti

30

41

45

Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities

4

31

Improvement of occupational services Improvement of occupational healthhealth carecare services

Rise in Rise insalary pay

4

15

52 30

40

50

60

12 70

80

90

100 %

A Glance at Akava 2011

16

Wellbeing at work



Akava members work long hours and do more overtime than other salary earners, and often without compensation. Regular long working hours cause stress among employees and therefore have an impact on their health and wellbeing.



The risk of burnout is higher among the highly educated than among other salary earner gro ps Mental stress can occ groups. occurr e e.g. g when hen work ork is demanding and has a high le level el of responsibility, when working hours are long, and when there is a lack of support from a superior.



Wellbeing at work is also adversely affected by the presence of violence violence, harassment or other inappropriate behaviour or treatment in the workplace.



The right balance must be made between work and the level of human resources.



Working hours monitoring and time sheets must keep track of the actual number of hours worked, whether at the workplace, remotely or during business trips.



Training and orientation for managers and supervisors must include more health and safety and d other th llabour b protection t ti iissues th than iis currently tl th the case.

A Glance at Akava 2011

17

Risk of burnout or mental health disorder All

Serious burnout

1997 2008

Men

Women

53 Upper-level employees 59

1997 50 Upper-level employees 2008 56

Lower-level employees

47 Lower-level employees 54

42 Lower-level employees 46

50

Manual workers

44 Manual workers 44

42 Manual workers 40

49

Upper-level employees

26 Upper-level employees 32

23 Upper-level employees 27

Lower-level employees

24 Lower-level employees 30

23 Lower-level employees 25

Upper-level employees

1997 2008

57 63

56 53

Mental health disorder

18 20

Manual workers 0

20

18

Manual workers

%

40

60

80

20

24 31 19

Manual workers

%

17 0

30 37

40

60

80

%

29 0

20

40

60

80

Refers to those who experience obvious risk or think about it sometimes; wage and salary earners working full time Source: Statistics Finland, Quality of Work Life Surveys

A Glance at Akava 2011

18

Overtime work in 2009 Without compensation

Akava members

With compensation

7

Men Women

Both

14 9

Overtime hours/ week

7.8

1 14

5

8.5

1

14

6.8

2

Employer Private

9

State

16

5

Municipality

9

4

All wage and salary earners

7.4

2

12

3

8.0

2

7.1

0

14

7.3

1

Socio-economic groups Upper-level employees

7

Lower-level Lower level employees

15

1

14

Manual workers 0 0

7.8

0

14 5

1

57 5.7

0 10

8.2 15

20

25

30 %

Wage and salary earners working full time; overtime compensation in money or free time Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

19

Persons who worked at least 48 hours/week, 2009

All wage and d salary l earners Akava members: All Men Women Employer:

11

106

12

23

15

15

9

Private State Municipality Position in organisation: Legislators, senior officials and managers Professionals Technicians and associate p professionals Others Teaching professionals

7

15

16

11

2

7

4

22 11

2

7

1

6 5

10 7

9

0

Estimated number of persons who worked at least 48 hours/week, 1,000 persons

3 10

15

20

%

Wage and salary earners in full-time work Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

20

Salaries



A person’s salary must appropriately reflect the job’s educational requirement and responsibilities and the results achieved.



Differences in pay between men and women in the same or comparable jobs must be eliminated.



Women’s career progression must be accelerated.



In female-dominated fields where women are underpaid in relation to level of education and job responsibilities this shortfall in pay must be redressed.



The purchasing power of highly educated people must be on the same level as other developed countries. In addition to salaries, purchasing power is also affected by taxation and the price level.



In overall terms, salary trends must support the purchasing power and employment of salary earners.



Earnings-related g unemployment p y or sickness allowances should be defined in the same way y as they are when the payments are collected, i.e. the kinks in defining the allowances should be ironed out.

A Glance at Akava 2011

21

Total earnings g in 2009 Akava members mean, euros/month

All wage and salary earners in Finland mean, euros/month

State (incl. universities)*

3,930

3,330

Municipalities

3,600

2,730

Private enterprises

4 230 4,230

3 100 3,100

Men

4,430

3,360

Women

3,510

2,690

All

3,960

3,020

Employer sector:

Distribution of total earnings (without bonuses) F10 2,380

Akava members

F90 5,800

F10 1,900

All wage and salary earners in Finland 1400

1900

F90 4,410 2400

2900

3400

3900

4400

4900

5400

5900

Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings in table include bonuses *) From the beginning of 2010 the university sector is included in the private sector (private enterprises) Source: Statistics Finland, Structure of Earnings, 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

22

Total earnings g of wage g and salary y earners by y level of education in 2009,, euros/month Number of persons in wage and salary statistics (1,000)

Total

3,020

1,397

Primary & lower secondary education

2,540

182

Upper secondary education

2,600

587

Lowest level of tertiary education

3,070

Lower-degree g level tertiary education

230

3 280 3,280

Higher-degree level tertiary education

189

4,260

Doctorate

188

5,160 0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

4 500

5 000

5 500

20 6 000

euros/month

Wage and salary earners working full time; total earnings include bonuses Source: Statistics Finland, Structure of earnings, 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

23

Gross earnings g per p year y in private p sector 2010 Western Europe = 100

Middle management and professionals2)

Clerical/Technicians 1) Switzerland Denmark Luxembourg Norway Germany Belgium Austria Western Europe Netherlands Finland Ireland Sweden France Italy Spain United Kingdom Portugal

170 129 123 120 119 107 105 100 97 92 89 86 80 76 75 74 57 0

50

100

150

Western Europe = 100

200

Switzerland Luxembourg Germany Denmark N Norway Austria Belgium Western Europe N th l d Netherlands Ireland Italy France United Kingdom Finland Spain Sweden Portugal

152 122 119 112 106 103 103 100 98 97 93 88 87 85 84 83 68 0

50

100

150

200

Western Europe = 100

1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,900 euros/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt 2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,300 euros/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2010/2011 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report

A Glance at Akava 2011

24

Relative p purchasing g power p of salaries in private p sector 2010 Western Europe = 100

Middle management and professionals 2)

Clerical/Technicians 1) Switzerland Luxembourg Germany Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium p Western Europe Austria Denmark Norway Sweden Spain France Finland Italyy Portugal

Switzerland Luxembourg Germany g United Kingdom Ireland Western Europe Spain France Netherlands Austria Belgium Italy Portugal Sweden Norway Denmark Finland

154 151 119 113 110 101 101 100 98 91 88 88 86 82 79 71 69 0

50

100

150

Western Europe = 100

200

147 144 125 120 110 100 98 98 98 97 89 83 81 80 79 78 73 0

50

100

150

200

Western Europe= 100

1) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 2,900 euros/month; Grade 8 = Graduate/Administrator in Global job value framework of Watson Wyatt 2) Comparable to Finnish employees with salaries of approx. 5,300 euros/month. Grade 14 = Middle Managers Source: 2010/2011 WWDS Global 50 Remuneration Planning Report

A Glance at Akava 2011

25

Taxation of salary earners



Employees’ taxation must not be increased at any salary level. Taxes on wages should be reduced where possible, with the aim of achieving the EU 15 level in all income groups.

The highest tax rate must be limited to 50%.



In the future, economic growth will be almost entirely dependent on productivity.



The driver for development in productivity is currently competence.



The results of work achieved through competence should receive sufficient rewards.



A large percentage of the increase in the profitability and productivity of work currently goes into taxes.

A Glance at Akava 2011

26

Pay y and taxes: Akava members and other wage g and salary y earners

Akava members Wage and salary earners (1,8 million)

Other wage g and salary y earners 18

W Wages and d salaries l i bill (62 (62,5 5 billi billion euros))

82

25

Taxes and payments (16,2 billion euros)

75

30

70

By type of tax: State income taxes (4,7 billion euros)

39

61

Municipal tax (9,6 billion euros)

27

73

Pension and unemployment insurance contributions (2,9 billion euros)

25

75

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 %

Employees who have worked at least 6 months full time with income over 11,765 euros per year Source: Statistics Finland, Income Distribution Statistics 2008

A Glance at Akava 2011

27

Average personal income tax for single wage and salary earners in Finland and in other Western European countries in 2010, % %

54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14

45,7

Finland 42,1

36,2

34 5 34,5

29 8 29,8 24,9

Other Western European countries*)

29,6

22,3

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

100 000

110 000

54 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14

120 000

Income per year 2010, euros

*) N Netherlands, th l d Belgium, B l i Spain, S i United U it d Kingdom, Ki d Italy, It l A Austria, ti N Norway, F France, S Sweden, d G Germany, S Switzerland it l d and dD Denmark. k Excluding Estonia. One-person household.

Source: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

28

Average personal income tax rate in 2010 for income of 4,580 euros/month Belgium

46,6

Germany

42,3

Italy

40,1

Austria

38,2

Denmark

37,7

Finland

36,2

Holland

35,9 ,

Sweden

34,9

France

33,7

Spain

29,4

Norway

29,0

USA

28,6

United Kingdom

27 5 27,5

Estonia

23,1 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

%

One-person household with income of 57,300 euros per year Source: Taxpayers’ Association of Finland, International Wage Tax Survey 2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

29

Education 

Higher education funding should be based on quality.



One criteria in the assessment of productivity should be quality of employment employment.



The employment perspective must extend to all education.



The competence targets in academic degrees should include working life skills, working ability and d coping i att work. k



In anticipating education, we must move away from rigidly anticipating number of degrees to anticipating competence needs and the flexibility of degree contents.



Less money is spent on education in Finland per student than in the OECD countries on average, and as a result the ratio of students to teachers in institutes of higher education is too high.



Research shows that the period after graduation affects a person's career path long into the future. 



Persons who became unemployed upon graduation during the recession of the 1990s continue ti tto have h poorer employment l t prospects t than th their th i peers iin th the same age b bracket k t and younger people.

It is therefore important that people find jobs that match their educational level soon after graduation graduation.

A Glance at Akava 2011

30

Population p by y level of education, 1975–2017 % 100 90 80

Tertiary education *** 11

15

21

Secondary education ** 23

25

35

30 34

60

36

38

50

30

27

20

70

40

Primary education *

39 46

69 55

20

45

41

37

34

10

19

0

1975

1985

1995

2000

2005

Population aged 15 and older *)) No o educa educational o a qua qualification ca o beyo beyond d co compulsory pu so y educa education o **) Matriculation examination or lowest level tertiary education qualification ***) Lower or higher degree in tertiary education Source: Statistics Finland, Educational Institutions

2009

Estimation 2017

A Glance at Akava 2011

31

Akava members and total labour force in 2009 by educational level, % Doctorate

7

Highest level academic degrees of licentiate and doctorate (scientific post-graduate degrees)

1

Higher-degree level tertiary education

50

Mainly M i l higher hi h university i it degrees d (master’s ( t ’ level), l l) specialist’s degrees in medicine, graduate engineers

12

Lower-degree level tertiary education

24

Mainly polytechnic degrees and lower university degrees

Lowest level tertiary education Vocational college education. Examples of vocational college qualifications include Technician Engineer, Diploma in Business and Administration and Diploma in Nursing

11

Akava members

11

Total labour force

18 6

Upper secondary education Gives general eligibility for tertiary education

43 2

Primary & lower secondary education

15 0

20

40

60

Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics 2009

A Glance at Akava 2011

32

Persons with higher-degree level education in Finland and in some other countries in 2008 25–64 years of age Japan

25–34 years of age Japan

43

USA

55–64 years of age

41

55

USA

40

Norway

46

Finland

29

45

Norway

28

Finland

37

Ireland

Norway

36

Denmark

43

Switzerland

27

Denmark

34

Belgium

42

England

27

Ireland

34

USA

42

Sweden

26

Switzerland

34

Sweden

41

Holland

26

England

33

France

41

Denmark

26

Belgium

32

Holland

40

Japan

26

Holland

32

Spain

39

Germany

Sweden

32

Switzerland

38

Belgium

24 22

Spain

29

England

38

OECD

OECD

28

Finland

38

Ireland

19

France

27

OECD

EU19

18

Germany

25

EU19

EU19

25

Greece

Greece 18

Greece

15 15

19

Italy

Portugal

14

Portugal %

16

Austria

Austria

40

24

20

10

Portugal

14 0

17

Spain

20

14

20

28

Italy

Italy

0

France

32

Germany

23

Austria

35

20

40

%

8 0

20

40

%

In addition to university and polytechnic degrees, higher-degree level tertiary education also includes some l lowest t level l l ttertiary ti education d ti qualifications, lifi ti such h as ttechnicians h i i and d di diplomas l iin B Business i and d Ad Administration i i t ti Source: OECD, Education at a Glance 2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

33

Education costs p per student in Finland and in OECD countries, 2007

4,790 5,450

Pre-primary education Primary & lower secondary education

Finland OECD countries

6,230 6,740 7,830 8,270

U Upper secondary d education d ti

13,570 12 910 12,910

y education Tertiary incl. research & development

12,910

Tertiary education

8,970

excl research & development excl.

0

Figures are purchasing power adjusted Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2010

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000 USD

A Glance at Akava 2011

34

Entrepreneurship



Akava membership includes about 25,000 self-employed persons and entrepreneurs.

Akava is one of Finland’s largest entrepreneurial organisations.



62 per cent of these persons are full-time and 38 per cent part-time.



More than half operate p in the field of social services and health.



The highly educated make up a large percentage of the group of entrepreneurs who are planning to increase the size of their business in the next few years.



Academically educated people have great entrepreneurial potential potential.



Akava aims to increase entrepreneurial training at all educational levels.



The key challenge faced by highly educated entrepreneurs is to secure the same social security benefits as salary earners.

A Glance at Akava 2011

35

Akava’s entrepreneurial/self-employed p p y members, 2010

Social services and health care 9%

Agriculture, forestry and environment 4%

Technology and natural sciences 16 %

Medical doctors in all specialisations 45 % Social sciences 26 % Among Akava’s membership there are approx. 25,000 full- or part-time entrepreneurs and self-employed persons.

Source: Akava’s affiliates

A Glance at Akava 2011

36

Entrepreneurs and self-employed persons by level of education in Finland, 1997 and 2008 1997

%

2008

50 45

42

44

40 35

32

30 25

24

22

20

20 15 10

7

10

5 0

Primary & lower secondary education

Upper secondary education

Lower-degree level tertiary education

Higher-degree level tertiary education

Primary production excluded Source: Statistics Finland, Labour Force Statistics; Ministry of Employment and the Economy, The Entrepreneurship Review 2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

37

Organisation



The Akava confederation is strong, with a uniform purpose and impact.



Akava promotes the success and security of its members.



Members receive quality representation throughout their membership period.



O aim Our i iis th thatt 80 per centt off allll the th potential t ti l members b iin our affiliates ffili t will ill jjoin i Ak Akava.



Akava membership is continuously growing. New affiliate unions and individuals are joining all the time.



Akava members work in demanding professions that significantly contribute to Finland’s success.



Students play an important role in the Akava community.

A Glance at Akava 2011

38

Number of Akava members 1,000 members

600

600 523 500

375

400

300

265

200

162

100 42 0 1970

1980

1990

2000

2011

Aim 2015

Source: Akava’s affiliates

A Glance at Akava 2011

39

Membership p of each of the three main employee p y confederations as a percentage of all wage and salary earners in Finland, 1970–2010 % 80

80

75

75

70

70

65

65

60

60

55

SAK; 1,043,000

50

55 50

45

45

40

40

35 30

STTK+TVK

STTK; 614,000

30

25 20 15 10

35

25

Akava; 547,000

20 15 10

5

5

0

0

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1993 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Source: Employee confederations’ cost distribution 24.5.2010

A Glance at Akava 2011

40

Number of student members in Akava 110 000

101,950 100 000

91,200 90 000 80 000 70 000

64,100

60 000 50 000

49,000

40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1996

2000

2005

2011

Source: Akava’s affiliates

A Glance at Akava 2011

41

Reasons for membership in an Akava member organisation, g % Of some significance

Pay related benefits in case of unemployment

Very important

17

Security in pay and employment conditions

73

28

Membership provides general security

61

36

Well-educated Well educated should stick together

49

39

Services and allowances for members

34

51

At present it is customary to be a member

21

34

Professional development

30

42

Professional activities in the organisation

20

34

11 %

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Source: Akava Member Opinion Poll 2011

A Glance at Akava 2011

42

Akava’s organisation for negotiations Akava Akava’s Public Sector Negotiation Commission JUKO The Delegation of Professional and Managerial Employees YTN Employees in Technical and Basic Service Professions KTN Organisations collective Organisations’ agreements Entrepreneurs p and self-employed persons

Central organisation agreements g Tripartite agreements Coordination

Employers and g government

Collective Agreements (public sector)

Office for Government as Employer Commission for Local Authority Employers Church

Collective Agreements

Confederation of Finnish Industries EK and its affiliates

Collective C ll ti Agreements (public sector)

Collective Agreements

Influencing legislation

Commission for Local Authority Employers

E l Employer organisations i ti

Parliament, Ministries, Local Authorities A Glance at Akava 2011

43

Akava’s affiliates and number of members 1.1.2011 Trade Union of Education in Finland

119 564

Finnish Psychological Association

6 105

The Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers TEK

73 438

Finnish Association of Academic Agronomists

5 933

Union of Professional Engineers in Finland UIL SEFE - The Finnish Association of Business School Graduates

61 810

The Officers Union

5 838

47 200

5 686

Finnish Business Polytechnic Graduates Association

The Union of Church Professionals within Akava AKI The Institute Officers Union of the Finnish Defence 26 394 Forces and the Border Guard

Sales and Marketing Professionals SMKJ

26 202

Finnish Union of Environmental Professionals

4 531

Akava Special Branches

25 761

Union of Swedish-speaking Engineers in Finland

3 220

Finnish Medical Association

23 154

The Finnish Association of Architects

2 692

Union of Professional Social Workers

21 657

Society of Finnish Professional Foresters

2 621

Association of Finnish Lawyers

15 423

Union of Finnish University Professors

2 306

Finnish Association of Political Scientists

10 843

Finnish Veterinaryy Association

2 251

4 566

Union of Technical Professionals, KTK

9 929

The Union of Diaconal Workers in Finland

1 905

Finnish Pharmacists' Association Managers and Specialists in the Private Sector YTY & Professional Coaches of Finland

8 524

The Finnish Association of Occupational Health Nurses

1 882

8 271

Union of Finnish Speech Therapists

1 332

Finnish Union of Experts in Science

7 397

Kirkon Nuorisotyöntekijöiden Liitto KNT

1 030

Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers

6 755

Health Science Academic Leaders and Experts

1 024

Finnish Dental Association

6 732

AKAVA's General Group Total

837 552 813

A Glance at Akava 2011

44

Statistical information on Akava members Number of Akava members 1.1.2011

552 813

Proportion of women

51 %

Average age

Main occupation:

42 years

Full-time work

87 %

Age distribution 1.1.2011:

Part-time work

6%

under 30

10 %

Unemployed

3%

30–39

28 %

Entrepreneur

3%

40–49

28 %

50–59

24 %

over 60

10 %

Employer 1.1.2011: Private enterprise

55 %

Municipality

33 %

Lower tertiary or a higher level qualification

81 %

State

7%

Living in Helsinki Metropolitan Area

32 %

Self-employed professionals

3%

Members in full-time work:

Ch h Church

2%

Fi d tterm workk Fixed

12 %

Average years in service in current employment

Position in organisation:

9

Professionals

34 %

Average gross income 2010, euros/month

Teaching professionals Legislators, senior officials and managers

26 %

Average working hours/week

40 7 40,7

22 %

Persons working overtime

22 %

Technical and associate professionals

13 %

Persons working over 48 hours/week

12 %

Others

5%

Persons working overtime without compensation

38 %

4 100

Sources: Statistics Finland, Labour force statistics; Akava's affiliates

A Glance at Akava 2011