Artists & Art Movements

Artists & Art Movements 1

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Salvador DalĂ­ Surrealism

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Who? At the age of 18, he began his studies at Academia de San Fernando (School of Fine Arts) in Madrid. He was well known among his fellow students for his eccentric behaviour and dandy like manners, but even more so for his paintings; he was very gifted.

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alvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí is the most famous of the surrealist painters.

But to begin with, the surrealists did not include painters in their group.

Surrealism was a cultural movement that began in 1920 with its center in Paris. Dalí showed talent for drawing and painting at a very early age.

In 1926 he was expelled from the school just before his final examination, after proclaiming that none of the professors were qualified to examine him.

Diego Velázquez inspired him to grow his his famous moustache, which became his trademark.

In 1929 Dalí joined the surrealists, and together with Magritte he rapidly developed the visual surrealist style. This was

also the year he met his wife and muse, Gala.

In 1931, Dalí painted one of his most famous works “The Persistence of Memory” which reflected the core of surrealism - soft, melting pocket watches for the first time.

He got instant fame and he became a popular figure and attended various balls and parties.

Salvador Dalí accomplished a lot of things outside of painting. He participated in making films, designed jewelery and sceneries for the theatre as well as in the world of fashion and many other areas.

Some well known examples of his work are The Lobster Telephone, Mae West Lips Sofa and the logo for Chupa Chups.

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The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali

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Work The meaning behind Surrealist Salvador Dali’s artistic masterpiece The Persistence of Memory (1931) is not easy to grasp.

In the painting, four clocks are prominently on display in an otherwise empty desert scene.

While this might seem uncanny enough, the clocks are not flat as you might expect them to be, but are bent out of shape, appearing to be in the act of melting away.

In classic Surrealist manner, this weird and unexpected juxtaposition poses a lot of questions right upfront.

First off, why are these clocks melting? Why are the clocks out in the desert? Where are all the people? Since the subject matter and content of the

Salvador Dali’s clocks painting seems illogical or irrational, one might be surprised by the very representational and nearly photographic quality of the painting, fitting well with Dali’s own description of his art as being “hand-painted dream photographs.” The concept of the “dream” is integral in understanding Surrealism and plays a key role in the meaning of The Persistence of Memory, as well.

In Persistence of Memory Salvador Dali illustrates how useless, irrelevant, and arbitrary our normal concept of time is inside the dream state. During our daily lives, we’re always rushed and busy, trying to get all of our work done on time. Many art scholars

debate over whether these timepieces are clocks or in fact pocket watches, very popular accessories in the 1920s and 30s, when the Surrealists worked.

The clocks are losing their power in this dream world.

They are literally melting away, and thus seem anything but “persistent” in Dali’s depiction. Likewise, the ants eating away the face of the red clock also symbolizes the decaying and therefore impermanent nature of our arbitrary way of keeping time.

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Modern Design The Surrealism art movement had a great impact in art, literature, culture and even extending to politics. Surrealism is a creative act of effort towards liberating the imagination. It is as dynamic as it is subtle; Surrealisam is still alive and growing until today. Many artists around the world are influenced by Surrealism styles, ideas & techniques.

Surrealism taught the world to see art not merely visually and literally; but to appreciate it in a subconscious level as well. Today, surrealism is a familiar form of art that continues to grow globally.

It’s easy for artists to show their creativity through Surrealism, because the style provides them more

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freedom to convey their feelings and thoughts through the canvas. Surreal art can be dreamy or gritty; or it can be optimistic or depressing. Surrealist web design is just like opening a door and seeing a strange, new planet. You never know what to expect, it’s bizarre but familiar, just like our dreamss. New techniques have now been adopted with the coming of the digital age.

Photo manipulation is the favorite technique of this age when creating Surrealist art.

Most Surrealist web design make use of realistic, three-dimensional images that are recomposed and rearranged instead of drawn illustrations. This is to create more realistic, magical and strange world.

Flash is also a popular tool, because it incorporates effects and animation.

Faceless Composition - Lara Jade

“Every morning upon awakening, I experience a supreme pleasure: that of being Salvador Dalí.”

- Salvador Dali

References: Websites: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Persistence_of_Memory en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD www.show-your-own-art-gallery.com/salvador-dali.html www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/salvador-dali-211.php www.1stwebdesigner.com/inspiration/modern-surrealism-and-history/ legomenon.com/salvador-dali-persistence-of-memory-melting-clocks-meaning.html

Documentries: Salvador Dali - BBC Modern Masters The Life And Art Of Salvador Dali - Life And Discovery

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Pablo Picasso Cubism

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Who? piz,” his childish attempt at saying “lápiz,” the Spanish word for pencil. Picasso’s father began teaching him to draw and paint when he was a child, and by the time he was 13 years old, his skill level had surpassed his father’s.

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ablo Picasso is probably the most important figure of 20th century, in terms of art, and art movements that occurred over this period. Though he was a relatively poor student, Picasso displayed a prodigious talent for drawing at a very young age. According to legend, his first words were “piz,

In 1895, when Picasso was 14 years old he moved with his family to Barcelona, Spain. where he applied to the city’s prestigious School of Fine Arts.

Although the school only accepted students several years his senior, Picasso’s entrance exam was so extraordinary that he was granted an exception and admitted. In 1897, the 16-year-old Picasso moved to Madrid to attend the Royal Academy of San Fernando. In 1899, Picasso

moved back to Barcelona and fell in with a crowd of artists and intellectuals who made their headquarters at a café called El Quatre Gats. Inspired by the anarchists and radicals he met there, Picasso made his decisive break from the classical methods in which he had been trained, and began what would become a lifelong process of experimentation and innovation. Although his art career spanned over a 7 decade period, Pablo Picasso and George Braque. are known for their introduction to cubism, and modern approach to painting, which set forth the movements to follow in to the twentieth century.

They inspired the related movements in music and literature as well.

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Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon) - Pablo Picasso

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Work Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque conceived and developed Cubism.

There are two types of Cubism, the first one was Analytical Cubism. It lasted until 1912. Here the artist analyzed the subject from many different viewpoints and reconstructed it within a geometric framework, the overall effect of which was to create an image that evoked a sense of the subject. These fragmented images were unified by the use of a subdued and limited palette of colours.

The second was Synthetic Cubism. Around 1912, the styles of Picasso and Braque were becoming predictable. Their images had grown so similar that their paintings of this period are often difficult

to tell apart. Their work was increasingly abstract and less recognizable as the subject of their titles.

Cubism was running out of creative steam. In an attempt to revitalise the style and pull it back from total abstraction, Picasso began to glue printed images from the ‘real world’ onto the surface of his still lifes.

One of his very famous painting is the Les Demoiselles d’Avignon from 1907. The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel.

When it first appeared it was as if the art world had collapsed. Known form and respresnetation were completely abandon.

The reductionism and contortion of space in the

painiting was incredible, and dislocation of faces explosive. Like any revolution, the shock waves reverbetrated and the inevitable outcome was Cubism. The painting took nine months to complete and was painted in Paris during the summer of 1907.

Demoiselles is believed by critics to be influenced

by African tribal masks and the art of Oceania, although Picasso denied the connection.

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Modern Design

Cubism influenced many other styles of modern art including Futurism, Constructivism and Expressionism.

Cubism had a large impact on the modernist architecture. The idelogy of cubism was to show the particular subject from different view points to represent the subject in a greater context.

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House of the Black Madonna, Prague, Czech Republic

“Good artists copy, great artists steal�.

- Pablo Picasso

References: Websites: www.pablopicasso.org/ www.biography.com/people/pablo-picasso-9440021#early-life-and-education www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/cubism.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon www.pablopicasso.org/avignon.jsp www.biography.com/people/pablo-picasso-9440021#self-portrait-facing-death-andother-later-works

Documentries: Pablo Picasso - BBC Modern Masters

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Andrew Warhol Pop Art

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Who?

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ndy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola in Pittsburgh, PA, was an iconic and versatile Pop artist. After studying design at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Warhol moved to New York City in 1949 to pursue a career as a commercial artist. Though successful, Warhol wanted to be an independent

painter and in the early 1960s began to create paintings based on advertisement imagery. Shocking in its embrace of “low art” and its detachment from emotion, his early work quickly brought him fame, as he produced the now infamous series of Campbell’s Soup Cans, Disasters, Electric Chairs, and celebrity portraits (Marilyn Monroe, Elizebeth Taylor and Elvis Presley were among his subjects), with commercial techniques such as screen printing and stenciling.

As his fame grew, Warhol built a studio called The Factory on 47th street in New York City.

Soon, Warhol withdrew from his bohemian circle

and occupied himself in the 1970s creating celebrity portraits, which brought him considerable earnings, but weakened his critical approval. With Gerard Malanga, Warhol also founded Interview magazine, which is still in print today.

New York’s Museum of Modern Art hosted a Symposium on pop art in December 1962 during which artists like Warhol were attacked for “capitulating” to consumerism. Critics were scandalized by Warhol’s open embrace of market culture. In the 1980s, Warhol’s work was revitalized by collaborations with younger artists like Keith Haring and more.

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Marilyn Diptych - Andrew Warhol

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Work The Marilyn Diptych (1962) is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol. The piece is one of the artist’s most famous works, and it has been praised by several cultural critics such as Camille Paglia and others.

The work was completed during the weeks after Marilyn Monroe’s death in August 1962. It contains fifty images of the actress, which are all based on a single publicity photograph from the film Niagara (1953).

the right side of the canvas is evocative of the relation between the celebrity’s life and death. For years,

he created variations on the theme that influenced not only art but the fashion world in innumerable ways.

The twenty-five pictures on the left side of the diptych are brightly colored, while the twenty-five on the right are in black and white. It has been suggested that the relation between the left side of the canvas and

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Modern Design Pop Art is so popular today that it’s used for creating awesome birthday cards, t-shirts, badges, calendars, posters, canvases, so it’s really hard to ignore. The features of this art is the bright colors.

Even today, Artists use most of the features of the pop art style as inspiration for their artworks. Andy Warhol’s work is used as models for their work.

Today’s artists are creating cool illustrations, prints and posters with details like dotted image, strong and multiple colors, series of images on one print, famous people faces and home utilities like tv, radio, cameras. There is a pop art influence in home decorations, accessories prints and fashion.

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T-Shirts, Superman - DC Comics, Quirky Cups and Bag

“Making money is art, and working is art and good business is the best art�.

- Andrew Warhol

References: Websites: www.artnet.com/artists/andy-warhol/biography www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/01/07/12-modern-art-movements-to-inspire-yourlogo-design/ www.biography.com/people/andy-warhol-9523875#synopsis en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Diptych www.biography.com/people/andy-warhol-9523875#early-life http://www.pixel77.com/the-influence-of-art-history-on-modern-design-pop-art/

Documentries: Andy Warhol - The Complete Picture

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Akanksha Negi

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