HEALTH COMMITTEE COLORECTAL CANCER

Colorectal cancer is derived from cancer in the colon or the rectum. Cancer can start from either the rectum or colon, hence the cancer can be termed colon cancer or rectal cancer

The colon and rectum make up the large intestine or large bowel which is part of the digestive system. The colon is a large muscular tube measuring around 5 feet long.

How the colon works

The colon’s function is to absorb water and salt from the remaining food matter after it travels through the small intestine. The waste that remains after passing through the colon goes through the rectum. The rectum is approximately 6 inches of the digestive system.

How does Colorectal Cancer begin Colorectal Cancer begins as a growth, also known as a polyp, in the inner lining of the rectum or colon. The chance of a growth turning into cancer depends on the type of growth it is.

There are three types of polyps that are viewed:

• Adenomatous polyps (adenomas): These polyps sometimes change into cancer. Because of this, adenomas are called a pre-cancerous condition. The 3 types of adenomas are tubular, villous, and tubulovillous.

• Hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps: These polyps are more common, but in general they are not pre-cancerous. Some people with large (more than 1cm) hyperplastic polyps might need colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy more often.

• Sessile serrated polyps (SSP) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA): These polyps are often treated like adenomas because they have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

Other factors that may be considered for increase in colorectal cancer are:

• Polyps that are greater than 1 centimeter

• If more than three polyps are found

• Abnormality is seen after the polyp is removed from the lining of the rectum or colon

Risk Factors

There are several risks factors for colorectal cancer.

• Obesity

• Diet high in red meats (pork, beef or liver)

• Processed meats

• Smoking

• No physical activity

• Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption

• Family history