MA മുഹമ്മദ്‌ സാഹിബ്‌ അനുഭവങ്ങളും ഓര്‍മകളും - സ്മരണിക by Ajmal Mueen Kodiyathur

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

Fw.F. ap-l½Zv HmÀ-a-Ifpw A-\p-`-h-§fpw MA Muhammed Ormakalum Anubhavangalum (Malayalam)

F-UnäÀ tUm. A-Pv-aÂ ap-Cu³ Fw.F. Akn. F-UnäÀ \m-kÀ sIm-fmbn ]n.sI. A-ÐpÃ Fw.F. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ Fw.F. A-Ðp-Êemw kv-a-cWn-I k-anXn F³.sI. A-Ðp-d-ln-am³ Fw.F. \mkÀ sI.kn.kn. lp-ssk³ sI.]n.bp. Aen ap-l½-Zv d-Pm-bv Fw.F. ^-kÂ sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ I-hÀ hc | knán ap¡w ssS-¸nwKv, {]q^v | ]n.sI. A-ÐpÃ te- Hu«v | bmknÀ ta-¸mS³ 9605551131 {]nânwKv | {]nâu-«v hnÃ {]km[\w: Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv ^u-tï-j³, sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ, tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv þ 673602 2021 \hw_À Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

s]m

-¶m-\n-bn-se kp-{]-kn-²am-b ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v a-JvZqw Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ sIm-Snb-¯qÀ im-J-bnÂ {]ap-J C-kv-eman-I ]-Þn-X³ ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv au-e-hn-bp-sS aq-¯ ]p-{X³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶ \m-«p-Im-cp-sS Fw.F.¡mc³ Po-hn-X-¯n-ep-S-\o-fw \-· {]-k-cn-¸n-¨v I-S¶p-t]m-bn-«v c-ïp hÀ-jw I-gn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. hy-Xncn-àam-b X-sâ B-ZÀ-i þ -hn-izm-k¯nÂ D-d-¨p-\n¶p-sIm-ïpX-s¶ X-\n-¡v Np-äp-ap-Å-hÀs¡Ãmw Xm§pw X-Wepw sh-fn-¨-hp-am-bmWv B a-lmPohnXw I-S¶p-t]mbXv. C-c‑p-\‑q-d‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w t‑]-P‑p-IÄ h-c‑p-¶ C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v _‑r-l-Z‑v-{‑K-Ù-a‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.s‑b A-S‑p-¯-d‑n-b‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑v C-X‑v A-]‑qÀ®-a‑m-b H-c‑p s‑I‑m-¨‑p-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. X‑m³ I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b h-g‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w k‑vt‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-{‑Z-IÄ N‑mÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v F‑w.-F. G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑p L-«-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-s‑a-¯‑m-¯ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑p‑w Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p‑w k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w N‑pä‑p-`‑m-K-¯‑p‑w D-ï‑m-I‑m³ X-c-a‑n-Ã. H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯À-¡‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m-\‑p-ï‑m-I‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-s‑S‑m-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v \-· \‑n-d-ª H‑mÀ-½-IÄ. \‑m-S‑m-s‑I A-S-¨‑p-]‑q-«-s‑¸-« t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v- I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑p-Å‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑v N‑pc‑p-§‑n-b k-a-b-¯‑n-\‑p-Å‑n-e‑m-W‑v C‑u {‑K-Ù‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑aÂ-]-d-ª t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, A-]‑qÀ®-a‑m-W‑v C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w. F-g‑p-X‑n-b-X‑n-e‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑m-b‑n C‑u ]‑p-k‑vX-I-¯‑m-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. Cu ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn am-dn-b-h-cnÂ _-lp-`qcn]-£w t]-cpw F-gp-¯pIm-scm-¶paÃ. H-cp hy-àn-sb hnhn[ tIm-WnÂ-\n¶pw t\m-¡n-¡mWp-t¼mÄ B-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä kzm-`m-hnIw. Im-cyam-b Xn-cp-¯-ep-I-sfm-¶pwX-s¶ h-cp-¯msX Hm-tcm-cp-¯-cp-sSbpw F-gp-¯p-IÄ A-§-s\¯-s¶ {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-Xn-«p-ÅXv. H-c‑p-t‑h-f a-µ‑o-`-h‑n-¨ C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-¯‑n-\‑v B-¡‑w-I‑q-«‑n X-s‑â {‑]‑m-b-s‑¯-b‑p‑w B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-s‑¯-b‑p‑w h-I-s‑h-¡‑m-s‑X t‑e-J-\-§-fpw Ip-dn-¸p-I-fp-saÃmw t\m¡n, Xn-cp-¯n, Un-Sn-]n sNbvXv X-¶v k-lm-bn-¨ {]n-b-s¸« ]‑n.-s‑I. A-Ð‑p-Ã (t‑]‑m-¡‑p-®‑n a‑m-j‑v)‑, H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v t‑]-s‑c t‑\-c‑n-«‑v I-ï‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S H‑mÀ-½-IÄ h-c-s‑a‑m-g‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b \‑m-kÀ s‑I‑m-f‑m-b‑v, C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I¯‑ns‑â H‑m-t‑c‑m L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m-«‑w h-l‑n-¨ F³. s‑I. AÐp-d-lvam³‑, F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m ³‑, F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w a‑m-ÌÀ‑, F‑w.-F.- \‑m-kÀ‑, a-ä‑v F-U‑n-t‑ä‑m-d‑n-bÂ t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v A‑w-K§Ä‑, I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§Ä‑, k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡Ä G-hÀ-¡‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑p \‑n-d-ª \-µ‑n C-h‑n-s‑S t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑pI-b‑m-W‑v. C‑u ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-s‑¯]än H-ä-h‑m-¡‑nÂ C§s\ ]-dbmw: C-X‑v t‑I-h-e‑w H-c‑p k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I-b-Ã‑, H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â H‑m-t‑c‑m L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w shfn-¨-ambn a‑m-d‑m-h‑p-¶ H-«-t‑\-I‑w ]‑mT-§-f-S-§‑n-b H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w.

t‑U‑m. F‑w.-F. A-Pv-aÂ a‑p-C‑u³‑ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

F-U‑n-äÀ.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

BapJw

Fw.F. ap-l-½Zv kmln_v

t‑e‑m

-I-{‑]-i-k‑v-X ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-s‑c k‑w-`‑m-h-\ s‑N-b‑v-X s‑]‑m-¶‑m\‑n a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â i‑m-J-b‑m-b s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v X-d-h‑m-«‑nÂ‑, {‑]-i-k‑v-X C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I-]-Þ‑n-X-\‑p‑w s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-k‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w‑, I‑p¶-¯‑v N‑m-e‑nÂ l‑p-s‑s‑k³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ- \-Sp-¡->-¯nÂ C-¯-¿ D-½

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

Z-¼-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S a-I-f‑m-b D-½-¿ l-Ö‑p½-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]-{‑´->‑v a-¡-f‑nÂ a‑q-¯h-\‑m-b‑n 1932Â (l‑n-P‑v-d 1350 d-P-_‑v 20 s‑N‑m-Æ‑m-g‑v-N‑) s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ P-\-\‑w. P-a‑m-A-s‑¯ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n t‑I-c-f A-a‑o-d‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑]-§-f‑m-W‑v D-½-¿- l-Ö‑p-½. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-À "t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v a‑m-¸‑n-f t‑e‑m-hÀ F-e‑n-s‑aâ-d‑n k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-'e‑p‑w h‑mg-¡‑m-S‑v "l-bÀ F-e‑n-s‑aâ-d‑n k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n'e‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v F‑w.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-e‑p‑w ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v d‑u-f¯‑pÂ -D-e‑q‑w A-d-_‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑f-P‑n-e‑p‑w ] T‑n-¨‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ‑, ]‑q-\‑qÀ F-¶‑n-h‑n-S§-f‑n-s‑e ]-Å‑n-ZÀ-k‑p-I-f‑nÂ a-X-]-T-\‑w \-S-¯‑n. a-{‑Z‑m-k‑v kÀ-Æ-I-e‑m-i‑m-e-b‑p-s‑S s‑a-{‑S‑n-¡‑p-t‑e-j³ ]-c‑o-£-s‑b-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. C-c‑p-]-X‑v h-b-Ê‑m-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w I-¨-h-S-c‑w-K-t‑¯-¡‑v. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â h‑n]‑p-e-a‑m-b k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w X-s‑â P·k‑n-²-a‑m-b I-g‑n-h‑p‑w k-a-\‑z-b‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ X‑p-S-¡‑w. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ‑, I‑p-S-I‑v, X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v, N‑m-e-¡‑p-S‑n‑, A-«-¸‑m-S‑n‑, s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n‑, B-d-f‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-h‑n-[-b‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ h-\‑w (I‑q-¸‑v) t‑e-e-¯‑nÂ h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑v a-c-¡-¨-h-S‑w \-S-¯‑n. 1982Â ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e ‑"-I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-‑' k‑z-´-a‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v H‑m-S‑v, C-ã‑n-I‑, I-f‑n-a¬ h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑nt‑e-¡‑v I-S-¶‑p. 1990-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n\-S‑p-¯‑v N‑m-e‑n-b‑m-d‑n-s‑â X‑o-c-¯‑v I‑m-c‑mS‑v F-¶ Ø-e-¯‑v ‑"-^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹-‑' F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v s‑{‑]‑m-U-I‑v-j³ I-¼-\‑n Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. C-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑v K‑qU-Ã‑qÀ‑, h-b-\‑m-S‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-h‑n-[ Ø-e-§-f‑nÂ N‑m-b‑, I‑m-¸‑n t‑X‑m-«-§Ä h‑m-§‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑v ¹‑m-t‑â-j³ t‑a-J-eb‑nÂ X-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. X-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\-Z-i-I-§-f‑nÂ a-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑nÂ t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w IÀ®‑m-S-I-b‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w h‑n-h‑n-[ `‑m-K-§-f‑nÂ B-c‑w-`‑n-¨ {‑I-jÀ b‑q-\‑n-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S A-a-c¡‑m-c³.

I-¨-h-S-¯‑n-\‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑p-a-¸‑p-d‑w‑, H-«-\h-[‑n k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-t‑£-a-]-²-X‑n-IÄ-¡‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-h‑p‑w k-l‑m-b-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n.s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-kc-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w ]-e k‑w-L-S-\-IÄ-¡‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w s‑s‑I-s‑a-b‑v a-d-¶‑v k-l‑m-b‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ a‑m-¡Â Ø‑m-]‑n-X-a‑m-b t‑I‑m‑w-{‑S-Ì‑v I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑p-s‑S C-c‑p-\‑n-e-s‑I-«‑n-S-h‑p‑w a-ä‑p k‑u-I-c‑y§-f‑p‑w F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w k‑w-`‑m-h-\-b‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p L-«-¯‑nÂ \‑m-Y-\‑n-Ã‑m-X‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-\‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑n.-S‑n.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e D-¶-X-h‑nP-b‑w t‑\-S‑p-¶ h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v F-Ã‑m hÀ-j-h‑p‑w k-½‑m-\-§Ä \-e‑v-I‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑ns‑e-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, ^-t‑d‑m¡‑v a‑p-X-e‑m-b Ø-e-§-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w H-«‑p-a‑p-¡‑mÂ h‑n-Z‑y‑m`‑y‑m-k--B-X‑p-c-i‑p-{‑i‑q-j‑m-Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b‑w e-`‑n-¨-h-b‑m-W‑v. 1964Â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w F-X‑nÀ¸‑p-I-s‑f a-d‑n-I-S-¶‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ A‑w-Ka‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑v

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y{‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑n Ø‑m-\-t‑a-e‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. 2007Â t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã‑m A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑p. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑v A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑p-ª‑m-a‑p k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-c-W‑m-\-´-c‑w 2007 a‑pXÂ 2011 h-s‑c A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m a‑p-J-]-{‑X‑w ‑"-k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³-' a‑m-k‑n-I-b‑p-s‑S {‑]‑nâ-d‑p‑w ]-»‑n-j-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑o-h-`-à-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l‑w 1966Â ]-c‑n-i‑p-² l-Ö‑v IÀ-½‑w \‑nÀ-Æl‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑a-c‑n-¡‑, C‑w-¥->‑v, PÀ-½-\‑n‑, C-ä-e‑n‑, s‑_Â-P‑n-b‑w‑, Z‑p-_‑m-b‑v, J-¯À‑, k‑u-Z‑n A-t‑d-_‑y X‑p-S-§‑n-b A-t‑\-I‑w c‑m-P‑y-§Ä k-µÀ-i‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-t‑a-c‑n-¡b‑n-s‑e H‑m-d‑n-K-W‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v A-X‑n-k-¦‑oÀ®-a‑m-b l‑r-Z-b-i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b-¡‑v h‑n-t‑[-b\‑m-b‑n. B-Z‑y-`‑m-c‑y s‑I. B-k‑n-b 2011 B-Kkv-Xv 30\v a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑p. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-[‑m-c-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w X-s‑â ]-c-¼-c‑m-K-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑nÂ D-d-¨‑p \‑n-¶ B-k‑n-b‑m l-Ö‑p-½-b‑p-a‑mb‑n A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e‑w h-s‑c h-f-s‑c \-Ã _-Ô‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n. A-h-c‑nÂ P-\‑n-¨ a‑q-¯ a-I³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v (I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n‑) 2009 sa-bv 12\v a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a]-©‑m-b-¯‑v a‑p³ {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑p‑w {‑]-a‑p-J -h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b F‑w.-F. \‑m-kÀ‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ b‑q-\‑n-ä‑n- h-\‑n-X‑m-_‑m-¦‑v U-b-d-Î-d‑m-b d‑p-J‑n-¿‑, \À-K‑o-k‑v, k-e‑o-\‑, \-P‑o-\‑, j‑u-_‑n-\ F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v a‑p-l½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y-`‑m-c‑y B-k‑n-bb‑nÂ ]‑n-d-¶ a-ä‑p a-¡Ä. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ {‑]-t‑hi‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v F‑w. P-a‑o-e k‑m-l‑n-_-s‑b h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â ]‑m-X-b‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ A-j‑v-d-^‑v, _-j‑oÀ F-¶‑o B¬-a-¡-f‑p‑w ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑\-t‑¸‑ms‑e Z‑p-_‑m-b‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑w-K-¯‑v h‑yà‑n-X‑z‑w s‑X-f‑n-b‑n-¨ i-a‑o-\‑, c-l-\ F-¶‑o s‑]¬-a-¡-f‑p‑w C‑u _-Ô-¯‑n-e‑p->‑v. F.-F‑w. I‑p-«‑n-l-k³‑, t‑U‑m. s‑I.-s‑I.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n‑, ]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b b‑q-k‑p-^‑v k‑n±‑o-J‑v (t‑P‑m-b‑vâ‑v BÀ.-S‑n.-H.‑)‑, t‑U‑m. s‑I.-S‑n. k-e‑o‑w‑, t‑U‑m. F‑w.-F. a-P‑o-Z‑v, t‑U‑m. F‑w. \-k‑o‑w‑, F‑w. l-d‑o-d‑, _‑n.-]‑n. k‑p-l‑v-d‑, A-{‑^‑o³ F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v a-c‑p-a-¡Ä. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â s‑X‑m-«‑v X‑ms‑g-b‑p-Å k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. l‑ps‑s‑k³ 2001 P-\p-h-cn 9 sNm-ÆmgvN a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑p. h‑n-h‑n-[ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-I-f‑nÂ X‑n-f-§‑n-b e-h-¡‑p-«‑n‑, A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³‑, A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w‑, A-j‑v-d-^‑v, I-_‑oÀ F-¶‑nh-c‑m-W‑v-a-ä‑p k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-À. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v a‑p³ s‑s‑h-k‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ ‑"t‑I-c-f a‑n-\‑na‑w t‑h-b‑v-P-k‑v A-s‑s‑U‑z-k-d‑n t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v-' s‑a‑w-_À‑, ‑"-C.-F-k‑v.-s‑F. t‑I‑mÀ-]-t‑d-j³ H‑m-^‑v C³-U‑y-‑'b‑p-s‑S t‑I-c-f d‑o-P‑y-\Â t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v s‑a‑w-_À‑, ‑"H‑mÄ t‑I-c-f s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v s‑^-Ut‑d-j³-' s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b h‑n-h-[ k‑p-{‑]-[‑m-\-]-Z-h‑n-IÄ h-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑n.-S‑n.-F‑w. s‑s‑lk‑v-¡‑qÄ A-d-_‑n A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-b‑n h‑n-c-a‑n-¨ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w a‑m-ÌÀ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w 1983 a‑p-XÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ a-lÃ‑v J‑m-k‑n-b‑m-b‑n t‑k-h-\-a-\‑p-j‑vT‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p>‑v. aÀlqa B-C-i(I-¡‑m-S‑v), ^‑m-X‑z‑n-a (a‑m-f‑n-t‑b-¡Â‑, s‑h-Ì‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ‑)‑, C-¯-¿ (X-d-½Â‑, k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑qÀ‑)‑, J-Z‑o-P (s‑s‑I-X-¡‑p->‑nÂ‑, I‑m-c-¡‑p-ä‑n‑)‑, B-C-i (I‑o-g‑p-]-d-¼‑v) F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-a‑mÀ. 2019 Pq¬ 19\‑v 88þmw h-b-Ê‑nÂ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v a‑n‑w-k‑v t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v a-c-W‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ s‑]‑m-X‑pZÀ-i-\-¯‑n-\‑p s‑h-¨ a¿n¯v A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â B-{‑K-l-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h‑n-a‑m-\-a‑mÀ-¤‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ _-l-j‑v-\‑n a-J‑v-_-d-b‑nÂ J-_-d-S-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

ku-ay-X sIm-@v kv-am-c-Iw ]-Wn-X hy-h-km-bn

F C.-Sn. ap-l-½-Zv _-joÀ M.P.

-s‑â I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e‑w \-¶‑m-b‑n N‑n-e-h-g‑n-¨ Ø-e-§-f‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p‑w s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w. s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n-¡‑mc‑n-b‑m-W‑v F-s‑â D-½ I-«-b‑m-«‑v ^‑m-¯‑n-a. F-s‑â h-µ‑y-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v C.-S‑n. a‑q-k-¡‑p-«‑n a‑m-ÌÀ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ \‑y‑q-k‑u-¯‑v k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I³ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m-\‑p‑w A-h‑n-s‑S ]T‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. P-\‑m-_‑v A-Ð‑pÂ -A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-cI-¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑m-\‑p‑w ]T‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w C-X‑ps‑I‑m-s‑>m-s‑¡ X-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p.

F‑w.-F. e-h-¡‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n F-s‑â k-l-]‑m-T‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ F-s‑â k-l-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑p‑w. t‑I-c-f¯‑nÂ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-b‑q-¯‑v-e‑o-K‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b A-©‑p-t‑]-c‑nÂ A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ DÄ-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ t‑`-Z-s‑¸-«-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ a-c-¡-¨h-S-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v, s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n‑, a‑p-¡‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b {‑]-t‑Z-i-§Ä a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S \-Ã t‑I-{‑µ§fm-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ I‑q-¸‑v F-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-hÀ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-²‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-Ð‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑q-¯ a-I³ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v s‑N-d‑p-{‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ I‑q-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p‑w s‑I‑m->‑v a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¨‑p. X-s‑â I‑q-s‑S ]-W‑n-s‑bS‑p-¡‑p-¶ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f I‑q-«‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑p‑s‑I‑m->‑p-Å {‑]-t‑X‑y-Is‑s‑i-e‑n A-t‑±-l‑w I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 10

I-¨-h-S‑w A-X‑n-t‑h-K-¯‑nÂ h-fÀ-¶‑p. A-d‑n-b-s‑¸S‑p-¶ a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w a‑m-d‑n. a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p s‑I‑m->‑pX-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¨‑p. h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w A-X‑n-t‑h-K‑w h-fÀ¶‑v a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n B-b‑n-¯‑oÀ-¶‑p. k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b-s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-h‑p‑w BÀ-{‑Z-X-b‑p-Å a-\-Ê‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I A-¨-S-¡-h‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑n-izk‑v-X-\‑m-¡‑n. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w ]-c‑n-Nb-¡‑m-c‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \-·-IÄ B-Z-c-t‑h‑m-s‑S ]-d-ª‑p. a-c-W‑m-\-´-c-h‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶‑p. a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n C‑u t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑ph‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ k‑v-a‑m-c-I‑w \-· s‑I‑m->‑v A-d‑n-bs‑¸-S‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-W‑v. C‑u a-l‑m-k‑v-a‑m-c-I‑w ]-S‑p-¯‑pbÀ-¯‑n-b t‑i-j‑w h‑n-S ]-d-ª {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-IÄ-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ {‑]-W‑m-a‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 11

a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n C‑u t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-h‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ k‑v-a‑m-c-I‑w \-· s‑I‑m-@‑v A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑pI-s‑b-¶ -X‑m-W‑v. Cu a-lmkv-am-c-Iw ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ¯n-bm-Wv Fw.F. \-t½mSv hn-S ]-d-ªXv

Ff-acw Icow

BZ-cm-RvP-en-IÄ!!!

M.P.

s‑I‑m sXm-gnÂ -XÀ-¡§-Ä ]-cn-l-cn¡m³ ]-e-t¸m-gpw Fw.-F.-bp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ k-lm-b-I-am-bn-cp¶p. hy-h-km-b-\-S¯n-¸n-epw am-\y-Xbpw A-´-Êpw ]p-eÀ-¯n-b hy-àn-bm-bn-cp¶p Fw.-F.

-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ k‑z-t‑Z-i‑n-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-a‑p-J -h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w B-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â D-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S k‑z-`‑m-h‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w a‑m-X‑rI-b‑m-W‑v. R‑m³ s‑{‑S-b‑v-U‑v b‑q-\‑n-b³ {‑]-hÀ-¯-I³ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.s‑b ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e H‑m-S‑v- h‑y-h-k‑m-b- c‑w-K-s‑¯ {‑]-a‑p-J k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. H‑m-S‑v- h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑nÂ a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n- k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p->‑m-h‑p-¶ s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ -XÀ-¡-§-f‑nÂ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v C-S-s‑]t‑S->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-t‑¸‑m-s‑g-Ã‑m‑w XÀ-¡-§Ä c-a‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m³ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-h-k‑m-b-\-S-¯‑n-¸‑ne‑p‑w a‑m-\‑y-X-b‑p‑w A-´-Ê‑p‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b h‑y-à‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. 2006þ-11 I‑m-e-¯‑v R‑m³ h‑y-h-k‑m-b h-I‑p-¸‑v a-{‑´‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶t¸mgp‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-k‑w-_-Ô-a‑m-b NÀ-¨-IÄ \-S-¯‑n-b ]-e t‑h-Z‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä h-f-s‑c h‑n-e-s‑¸-«-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. i‑m-´-i‑o-e-h‑p‑w k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-s‑â a‑n-I-¨ D-Z‑m-l-c-W-h‑p‑w F‑w.-F.s‑b A-\-i‑z-c-\‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â Z‑o-]‑v-X-a‑m-b k‑v-a-c-W-IÄ-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ B-Z-c‑m-R‑v-P-e‑n-IÄ‑!‑!‑!

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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aqey§Ä DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨ PohnXw

k‑m

-a‑q-l‑y-t‑k-h-\-c‑w-K¯‑v- \‑n-k‑v-X‑p-e-a‑m-b -k‑w-`‑m-h-\-IÄ- AÀ-¸‑n-¨ -a-\‑p-j‑y -k‑v-t\-l‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- F‑w.F-a‑p-l-½Z‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v- s‑s‑SÂI-¼-\‑n- a‑m-t‑\-P‑n-M‑v- U-b-c-ÎÀ- F-¶\‑n-e-b‑nÂ -a‑n-I-¨ -I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑nI-g‑n-h‑p-s‑X-f‑n-b‑n-¨- A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ -_‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-I‑m-c³ -F-¶-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑m Ä -D-Z‑m-c-\‑m-b -a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-b‑mb‑n-«‑m-W‑v-R‑m³ -a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑pÅ-X‑v. ]-d-ª- h‑m-¡‑v- ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ -\‑o-X‑n-t‑_‑m-[-a‑p-Å\-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p -a-\‑p-j‑y³. ]-e-L-«-§f‑nÂ- A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n- k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m\‑p‑w- C-S-]-g-I‑m-\‑p‑w- A-h-k-c‑w- e-`‑n¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-lva-Z‑n-b- P-a‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â -a‑p³-\‑n-c -t‑\-X‑m-h‑v, _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑pI‑m-c³ -F-¶‑o- D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-§s‑f-Ã‑m‑w- \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w- F-Ã‑mh‑n-`‑m-K‑w -B-f‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w- k‑u-l‑rZ-t‑¯‑m-s‑S -s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑m-\‑p‑w- e-f‑n-X -P‑o-h‑n-X‑w- \-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w -A-t‑±-l‑w{‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w- {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨ -B-ZÀ-i-t‑¯‑m-S‑vB-ß‑mÀ-°-a‑m-b -I‑q-d‑v- ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-Ib‑p‑w- h-c‑p-a‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â- \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p- h‑nl‑n-X‑w -]‑m-h-§Ä-¡‑v- \Â-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w -s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c-W‑m-\-´-c-IÀa-§-f‑p‑w- J-_-d‑n-S-h‑p‑w- F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w- F-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w- A-t‑±l‑w- t‑\-c-s‑¯ -X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e -J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-e‑m-W‑vF‑w.F-a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ -J-_-d-S-¡‑n-b-X‑v. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ -A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â -a-I-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n -]-¦‑m-f‑n-¯-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-t‑ä-X‑v_‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-t‑\-¡‑m-f‑p‑w- a-\-Ê‑n-\‑vk-t‑´‑m-j‑w- \Â-I‑p-¶ -c‑o-X‑nb‑n-e‑m-W‑v- A-hÀ -I-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w -s‑s‑I -I‑m-c‑y‑w- s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-

k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â- F-Ã‑m-K‑p-W-§-f‑p‑wA-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â -a-¡Ä-¡‑p‑w- e-`‑n¨‑n-«p>v. B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- a‑pl-½-Z‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑nÂ- R‑m³-I->K‑p-W-§-f‑nÂ- a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v. B-t‑c‑mK‑y-]-c-a‑m-b -{‑]-i‑v--\-§Ä -A-e-«‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w- B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-kt‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v- A-t‑±-l‑w- P‑o-h‑nX-s‑¯- t‑\-c‑n-«-X‑v. a-c‑n-¨‑v- ]‑n-c‑nb‑p-¶-X‑p-h-s‑c- A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n -A-S‑p-¯‑v- _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑m³- k‑m-[‑n-¨‑nc‑p-¶‑p. a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- k‑ml‑n-_‑n-s‑â- a-¡-f‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w- A-t‑X_-Ô‑w -X‑p-S-c‑p-¶‑p->‑v. _‑n-k‑n-\kv cwK-¯‑v- H-c‑p- b-Y‑mÀ-° -a‑m-X‑r-IX-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- k‑ml‑n-_‑v. k-X‑y-k-Ô-X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p- A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â- s‑s‑I-a‑p-XÂ. a-c-W‑w-h-s‑c- X-s‑â- B-ZÀ-i-¯‑nt‑e‑m- h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-t‑e‑mA-t‑±-l‑w- h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N -s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-Ã. P‑o-h‑n-X-b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ- ]-e-X-c‑w-a\‑p-j‑y-s‑c- I->‑p-a‑p-«‑m³- \-a‑p-¡‑vA-h-k-c‑w- e-`‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑v. A-]‑qÀÆ‑w- a-\‑p-j‑yÀ- a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v- \-½‑ps‑Sa-\-Ê‑nÂ- F-s‑¶-¶‑p‑w- P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I. A-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v- F-\‑n-¡‑vF‑w.F-. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. N‑n-«b‑p‑w- B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p-a‑p-Å- P‑o-h‑nX-a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-W‑v- A-t‑±-l‑w- k-a‑ql-¯‑n-\‑v- I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯-X‑v. P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w -a-c‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑wB-f‑p-I-s‑f-s‑¡‑m->‑v- \-Ã-X‑v- ]-d-b‑n¸‑n-¡‑m³ -k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶- a‑q-e‑y-§Ä -A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ- D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ -Ba‑q-e‑y-§-f‑m-W‑v- F‑w.F-. a‑p-l-½-Z‑vF-¶ -h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-s‑¯- k‑v-a-c-W‑o-b\‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 13

]n.hn. AÐpÂ h-lm_v M.P.

Po-hn-X-bm-{XbnÂ- ]-e-X-cw-a\p-jy-sc- I-@pap-«m³- \-ap-¡vA-h-k-cw- e-`n¡m-dp-@v. A-]qÀ-Æw- a-\pjyÀ- am-{X-amWv- \-½p-sS- a-\ÊnÂ- F-s¶¶pw- Po-hn-¡p-I. A-§-s\-sbmcm-fm-Wv- F-\n-¡vFw.F-. ap-l -½-Zv- km-ln-_v.

kvt\l -hn-izm-k-§-fpsS Fw.-F.

F‑w hn.-sI.-kn. a½-XvtImb ap³ Fw.FÂ.F.

Nm-¯p-®n am-Ì-dp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v Im-en-¡-äv ssSÂ I-¼-\n hm-§m³ h-¶ k-a-b-¯m-Wv Fw.-F.sb B-Zy-am-bn t\-cnÂ Im-Wp-¶-Xv. Fw.F. C-S-s]-«mWv I-¼-\n-bnÂ ho-@pw ]p-I D-bÀ-¶-Xv.

.-F.s‑b t‑\-c‑n-«‑v I‑mW‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v B t‑]À B-Z‑y‑w t‑I-«-X‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑ns‑e a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b _‑m-¸‑p F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ a‑p-t‑>‑m-f‑n l-k-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« H-c‑p h‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑m-b F‑w.F.-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-a‑m-b a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v, _‑m-¸‑p-h‑n-s‑â a-I-s‑f h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\X‑n-s‑c-b‑p->‑m-b H-c‑p D-]-t‑c‑m-[‑w. _‑m-¸‑p-h‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯b‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑y _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c-W‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-hÀ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-c-a‑n-Ã‑p‑w D-]-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. a-c-¡-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e CITU-b‑q-\‑nb³-I‑m-s‑c- k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p B-Z‑y D-t‑±-i‑y‑w. t‑U‑m-ÎÀ D-k‑v-a‑m³-t‑I‑m-b (I-c‑p-W t‑l‑mk‑v-]‑n-äÂ‑)‑, ]‑mÀ-«‑n-t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑m-b N‑n-½‑n-\‑n h‑m-k‑p‑, s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑o³-t‑I‑m-b l‑m-P‑n‑, a-½‑p‑, ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I‑u¬-k‑ne-d‑m-b t‑d-U‑n-bâ‑v _‑m-h‑, k‑n.]‑n.-F‑w. t‑\-X‑m-h‑v Z‑m-t‑a‑m-Z-t‑c-«³ F-¶‑n-hÀ-s‑¡‑m-¸-a‑m-W‑v, _-l‑n-j‑v¡-c-W‑w e‑w-L‑n-¨‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑m³ X-¶ H‑m-^‑o-k‑v C-¶‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-Ì-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§‑m³ h-¶ k-a-b¯‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.s‑b B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n t‑\-c‑nÂ I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ k-a-c-a‑p-Å I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-i‑m-e-a-\-Ê‑nÂ {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑m-W‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 14

I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ h‑o->‑p‑w ]‑p-I D-bÀ-¶-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-a‑mb‑n k-a-c-h‑n-j-b-§-f‑n-e-S-¡‑w a‑m-\‑y-a‑m-b C-S-s‑]-S-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-t‑S-X‑v. H-c‑p h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-{‑]-i‑v-\-¯‑n-e‑mW‑v F‑w.-F.s‑b-]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«-s‑X¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§Ä-¡-¸‑pd‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-f‑p-s‑S BÄ-c‑q-]-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-s‑Z-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-X‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑p-Å C-S-s‑]-S-e‑p-I-f‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ-]-c-a‑m-b h‑nj-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b C-S-s‑]-S-e‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨ k‑v-t‑\-l-_-Ô-¯‑n-s‑â ¢‑m-c‑n-ä‑n F-S‑p-¯‑p-]-d-t‑b->-X‑m-W‑v. t‑_-¸‑qÀ a-Þ-e‑w U-h-e¸‑v-s‑aâ‑v h‑n-j³ N‑m-c‑n-ä-_‑vÄ {‑S-Ì‑n-s‑â \-Ã-f-¯‑p->‑m-I‑p-¶ U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v s‑kâ-d‑n-s‑â \‑nÀ-½‑m-W- k-l‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-X‑m-W‑v A-hk‑m-\ k-µÀ-i-\‑w. A-X‑v h‑m§‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑v A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â a-c-W‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑p. ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w ]‑mT-a‑m-t‑I-> a‑m-X‑r-I I‑m-W‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â t‑]-c‑nÂ ]‑n³-X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-X-I‑p-¶ H-c‑p k‑v-a-cW‑n-I C-d-§‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑nÂ k-t‑´‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p‑, B-i‑w-kIÄ t‑\-c‑p-¶‑p. (X-bm-dm-¡n-bXv: \m-kÀ sIm-fmbn)

sImSn-b-¯q-cnsâ Fw.-F.

F‑w

.-F.F-¶ N‑p-c‑p-¡t‑¸-c‑nÂ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-[‑n-IÄ-¡¸‑p-d‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑m-s‑I-b‑p‑w A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« H-c‑p {‑]-a‑p-J h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n B-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. h-f-s‑c e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b k‑m-l-Nc‑y-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v D-bÀ-¶‑v k‑z-b‑w k‑z‑m-b-¯-a‑m-¡‑n-b C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v ]-c‑nÚ‑m-\‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m h-fÀ-¨-b‑n-e‑p‑w I-c‑p-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. S‑n-¼À -h‑y-h-k‑m-b-c‑w-K-¯‑v X‑p-S-¡‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e \‑n-c-h[‑n t‑]À-¡‑v P‑m-X‑n-a-X-h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-a‑nÃ‑m-s‑X B t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ s‑X‑m-g‑ns‑e‑m-c‑p-¡‑n. k-J‑m-h‑v N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-j‑p-a‑mb‑p-Å _-Ô‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑nÂ I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¶‑v ]-g-b-I‑m-e ]‑mÀ-«‑n-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. ]‑n-¶‑n-« ]-S-h‑p-I-f‑nÂ s‑s‑h-h‑n-[‑y-a‑mÀ-¶ h‑y‑m-h-k‑m-b‑n-Ik‑w-c‑w-`-§Ä B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w‑, I‑n-S-b-ä a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑v X-{‑´-¯‑ne‑q-s‑S t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n B-b‑n h-f-c‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n¨‑p. a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-bc‑w-K-t‑¯-¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶-X‑nÂ N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-j‑n-s‑â ]-¦‑v I‑q-S‑n D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑m-b-d‑n-b‑m‑w. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p I‑q-S‑n X-s‑â h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b h‑y-h-k‑mb‑w h-fÀ-¯‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑n-s‑â

h‑n-I-k-\- I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±l‑w k-Z‑m {‑i-²‑m-e‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w-I-S-h‑v ]‑m-e‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶ L-«-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w R‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n h-f-s‑c A-S‑p-¯ _-Ô‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-Ib‑p‑w B-i-b-§Ä s‑s‑I-a‑m-d‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑mW‑v. ]‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑v A-t‑±-l‑w‑, X‑m³ h‑m-§‑n-b I‑mÀ h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-s‑X t‑N-µ-a‑w-KÃ‑q-c‑nÂ ]‑mÀ-¡‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-§Ä H‑mÀ-½‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p>‑m-b‑n. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X ]‑m-e‑w ]‑qÀ¯‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S _‑n.-]‑n. s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑o-s‑â t‑]-c‑nÂ k‑v-a‑m-cI-]‑mÀ-¡‑v \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å F-s‑â \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-s‑¯ A-t‑±-l‑w kÀ-Æ‑m-ß-\‑m ]‑n-´‑p-W-¡‑pI-b‑p‑w k‑v-t‑]‑m¬-kÀ-j‑n-¸‑v \-e‑vI‑m-s‑a-¶‑v G-e‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑Nb‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑nÀ-`‑m-K‑y-h-i‑mÂ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v h-¶-hÀ-¡‑v A-X‑v \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑m-s‑X t‑]‑mb‑n. A-t‑±-l-a‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ D->‑mb‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ N-c‑n-{‑X-s‑¯ I-s‑>-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-I‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ B ]‑mÀ-¡‑v b‑mY‑mÀ-°‑y-a‑m-t‑b-s‑\. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â Z‑o-]‑v-X-k‑v-ac-W-IÄ-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ B-Z-c‑mR‑v-P-e‑n-IÄ AÀ-¸‑n-¨‑ps‑I‑m->‑v, A-t‑±-l‑w ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨ k‑z-]‑v-\‑w k‑m-£‑m-X‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h-s‑« F-¶‑v B-i‑w-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. k‑v-t‑\-l-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 15

tPmÀPv Fw. tXmakv ap³ Fw.FÂ.F.

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ {]-tZ-i-¯n-sâ hn-I-k-\-Imcy-§-fnÂ A-t±-lw k-Zm {i-²m-ep-hmbn-cp-¶p. sX-¿-¯pw-I-S-hv ]m-ew \nÀ-½n¡p-¶ L-«-§fnÂ A-t±-lw Rm-\p-am-bn h-f-sc A-Sp-¯ _-Ôw ]peÀ-¯nbn-cp¶p.

Fw.-F. F¶ {]Xn-`mkw

F‑w tUm. BkmZv aq¸³ BÌÀ Un.Fw. slÂ-¯v sI-bÀ sN-bÀ-am³.

.-F. F-¶ c->-£-c-§Ä H-c‑p U‑n-{‑K‑n B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, H-c‑p {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑ms‑W-\‑n-¡‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. \‑o-> \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑v hÀ-j¡‑m-e‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯‑v C-S-]-g-I‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v `‑m-K‑y‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p. 1979-þe‑m-W‑v R‑m³ h‑n-h‑m-l‑n-X-\‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y‑m-]‑n-X‑m-h‑ns‑â A-S‑p-¯ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. A-¶‑p a‑p-XÂ X-s‑¶ G-s‑d k‑p-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-s‑d I-g‑n-b‑ms‑X A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â c->‑p a-c‑p-a-¡-f‑p‑w F-s‑â k-l-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑ms‑b-¯‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑]¬-a-¡-f‑m-b j-a‑o-\‑, c-l-\ F-¶‑n-hÀ k-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w Z‑p-_‑m-b‑nÂ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w G-s‑d A-S‑p-¯‑n-S-]-g-I‑m³ \‑n-c-h-[‑n A-h-k-c-§Ä e-`‑n-¨‑p. t‑aÂ ]-d-ª G-s‑d A-S‑p-¯‑n-S-]-g-I‑n-b, A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä s‑h¨‑m-W‑v B h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y³ H-c‑p {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-{‑]-X‑n-_-²-X-b‑p-Å H-c‑p ]-¨-b‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑y³‑, Z‑oÀ-L-h‑o£-W-a‑p-Å h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n‑, k‑m-X‑z‑n-I-\‑m-b H-c‑p h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n A-§-s‑\b-§-s‑\ ]-e-h‑n-[-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-¡->‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑a-e‑v-]-d-ª t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n t‑] À-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w h-g‑n-I‑m-«‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ R‑m³ A-S‑p-¯-d‑n-ª F‑w.-F. t‑a-e‑v-]-d-ª k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X-IÄ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v A-¸‑p-d-¯‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. k-Z‑m- ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n X‑q-I‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v X-a‑m-i ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w B-k‑z-Z‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑, H-ä- t‑\‑m-«-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ B-c‑p‑w h-Ã‑ms‑X B-IÀ-j‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑, B a‑p-J-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-t‑¨‑mÀ¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B-Z‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-c‑p-I. F-{‑X-t‑b‑m k-µÀ-`-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â B ]-X‑n-ª i-Ð-¯‑nÂ X-a‑m-i-IÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-Ú‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w ^-e‑n-X-h‑p‑w t‑Nc‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w F-{‑X t‑\-c‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑m-e‑p‑w a-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã‑, k-a-b‑w t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X-d‑n-b‑n-Ã.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 16

hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n¨‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑n-j-b‑w t‑d‑mt‑_‑m-«‑p-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-b‑n. a-\‑pj‑y-s‑c-t‑¸‑m-s‑e t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶ t‑d‑m-t‑_‑m-«‑p-IÄ \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w h-c‑p-s‑a-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, "-t‑U‑mÎ-t‑d‑, s‑s‑]-k s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑mÂ F-§-s‑\ X-e-I‑p-¯‑n-a-d‑n-b‑m³ ]-d-ª‑m-e‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ B-f‑pI-f‑p-t‑Å-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w I‑m-e‑w H-c‑p t‑d‑m-t‑_‑m-«‑p‑w h‑n-P-b‑n-¡‑n-Ã-' F-¶‑v X-a‑m-i-b‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v H‑mÀ-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-I-b‑mW‑v. h-e‑n-b h-e‑n-b h‑n-j-b-§Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w \À-½‑w I-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-d‑p-]-S‑n-IÄ F-{‑X-t‑b‑m X-h-W F-s‑¶ N‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p>‑v. F‑w.-F.s‑b H‑mÀ-s‑¯-S‑p¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-\-¡-c‑p-¯‑m-W‑v. X-s‑â B-t‑c‑mK‑y-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w h-f-s‑c s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v B-ß-s‑s‑[-c‑yt‑¯‑m-s‑S D-d-¨ \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-IÄ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v H-c‑p t‑U‑m-ÎÀ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ F-s‑¶ A-Z‑v`‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. l‑mÀ-«‑v A-ä‑m-¡‑v h-¶‑v P‑o-h-\‑v X-s‑¶ h-e‑n-b `‑o-j-W‑n-b‑m-b L-«¯‑nÂ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑nÂ N‑n-I‑nÕ-b‑p-s‑>-¶-d‑n-ª‑v A-h‑n-t‑S-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. X‑n-c‑n¨‑p-h-c‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-t‑a‑m F-¶‑v H-c‑p-d-¸‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯‑, F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w B-i-¦-b‑p‑w B-[‑n-b‑p‑w I-bd‑n-b k-a-b-¯‑v s‑s‑[-c‑y-t‑¯‑ms‑S-b‑p‑w N-¦‑q-ä-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-X‑n-s‑\ t‑\-c‑n-«-X‑v. A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n l‑r-Zb-i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑mb‑n ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n h‑o->‑p‑w A-t‑\-I-hÀ-j‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-a‑p-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p. X-s‑â

P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ G-X‑v {‑]-X‑n-kÔ‑n h-¶‑m-e‑p‑w A-X‑v k-a-N‑n¯-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S t‑\-c‑n-S‑m-\‑p-Å A-Z‑v-`‑p-X‑m-h-l-a‑m-b Grit Index a‑m-\--k‑n-I I-c‑p-¯‑v A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-t‑¯‑m-S‑v, {‑]-t‑X‑yI‑n-¨‑v s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-¶-X‑nÂ‑, A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-² s‑N-e‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. F-\‑nt‑¡-s‑d ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑p-Å A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â c->‑v s‑]¬-a-¡Ä Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-e‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. F‑w.F.b‑p-s‑S k‑z-`‑m-h-K‑p-W-§Ä G-s‑d e-`‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å A-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä A-S‑p-¯‑v \‑n-¶‑v h‑o-£‑n-¡‑m³ F-\‑n¡‑p‑w F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y-b‑v-¡‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p->‑v. c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-s‑e-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-e‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ s‑]À-t‑^‑m-s‑a³-k‑v I‑mg‑v-N s‑h-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-h-c‑mW‑v. A-h-c‑p-s‑S D-¶-a-\-¯‑nÂ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑m-b F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S ]-¦‑v h-f-s‑c h-e‑p-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v R‑m³ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-[‑m-c-W‑, A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y‑w k-¼-¶-a‑m-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e k‑v{‑X‑o-IÄ-¡‑v t‑P‑m-e‑n-I-f‑n-t‑e‑m _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-t‑e‑m C-d-§‑m³ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w I‑mc‑y-a‑m-b t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l-\‑w e-`‑n¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. F-¶‑mÂ _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑n-d-§‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨ X-s‑â s‑]¬-a-¡Ä-¡‑v A-t‑±l‑w \‑n-Ê‑o-a-a‑m-b t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l\‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. \-s‑½ h‑n-«‑p-]‑n-c‑ns‑ª-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑n¨‑p-X-¶ h-g‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p X-¶ ]‑mT-§-f‑p‑w G-hÀ-¡‑p‑w h-e‑n-b a‑p-XÂ-¡‑q-«‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. (X-bm-dm-¡n-bXv: tUm. A-Pv-aÂ ap-Cu³ Fw.F.)

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 17

"tUm-Î-td, ss]-k sIm-Sp-¯mÂ F-§-s\ X-e-Ip-¯na-dn-bm³ ]-d-ªm-epw sN-¿m³ B-fp-I-fptÅ-S-t¯m-fw Im-ew H-cp tdm-t_m-«pw hn-P-bn-¡n-Ã-'

\-ã-s¸-«-Xv hym-h-km-bn-Icw-K-s¯ kv-t\-l-km-¶n-²yw

s‑X‑m ]n.-sI. A-lv-a-Zv Fw.Un., ]n.sI. ÌoÂ-kv tIm-gn-t¡mSv

X-sâ sXm-gn-emfn-I-tfm-Sv Fw.-F. Im-Wn¡p-¶ kv-t\ -lw F-s¶ G-sd B-IÀ -jn-¨ Im-cy-am-Wv. Np-äp-ap-Å-h-cpsS h-fÀ-¨-bnÂ A-t±-lw G-sd k-t´m-jn¨n-cp-¶psh-¶-Xv F-sâ Im-cy¯nÂ Po-hn-Xm\p-`-h-am-Wv.

-Å‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n F-g‑p]-X‑v I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« h-e‑n-b-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ A-c‑n-¡-¨-h-S-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n R‑m³ _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑v c‑w-K-t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p¶-X‑v. F¬-]-X‑p-I-f‑nÂ h‑y-h-k‑mb-t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w I‑mÂ-s‑h-¸‑v \-S-¯‑n. B I‑m-e‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-W‑v F‑w.F.s‑b ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \-Ã s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-äa‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶ B-IÀ-j‑n-¨-X‑v. ]-c‑nN-b-s‑¸-«‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-S‑p-¸-¡‑m-s‑ct‑¸‑m-s‑e A-S‑p-¯‑n-S-]-g-I‑n R-§Ä. a-e-_‑mÀ t‑N‑w-_-d‑nÂ R-§-s‑f‑mc‑p-a‑n-¨‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑p. k-P‑o-h-k‑m¶‑n-²‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-¶‑p. P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-\‑p-`-h-§f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p ]T‑n-¨ s‑]‑m-X‑p-h‑n-Ú‑m\‑w A-t‑±-l‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w R-§-f‑pa‑m-b‑n ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¡‑p‑w. k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ A-X‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑y-h-k‑m-b-c‑w-K¯‑n-\‑v I-c‑p-¯‑v ]-I-c‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑w-k‑m-c‑w t‑I«‑n-c‑n-¡Â \-s‑Ã‑m-c-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-t‑a A-t‑±-l‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑p-¶-X‑mb‑n I->n-«‑p-Å‑p. X-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F. I‑m-W‑n¡‑p-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l‑w F-s‑¶ G-s‑d B-IÀ-j‑n-¨ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v. N‑p-ä‑p-a‑pÅ-h-c‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w G-s‑d k-t‑´‑m-j‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑v F-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-\‑p-`-ha‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨-b‑nÂ C‑u k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w I-c‑p-X-e‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n¨‑p- \-e‑v-I‑m-\‑m-b‑n F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-]-c-a‑m-b‑n h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X h‑oFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 18

£-W-§Ä s‑h-¨‑p-]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-bh-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä. F-¶‑mÂ A-¡‑m-c‑y-§Ä H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w R-§Ä NÀ-¨ s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑y-à‑n-_-Ô§-s‑f H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w _‑m-[‑n-¨‑n-«‑pa‑n-Ã. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w A-h-\-h-s‑â h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w. "-I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑mI‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j³-‑' F-¶ k‑w-L-S-\-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑rX‑z-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v (I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n‑)‑, F³.-k‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n (\‑m-j-\Â s‑s‑SÂ-k‑v)‑, ]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶ a‑m-\‑p-I‑m-¡ (l‑nÂ-t‑S‑m-¸‑v s‑s‑SÂk‑v‑) F-¶‑o X-e-a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶ H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-s‑f B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ N-S-§‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v s‑h-¨‑v \-S-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ B-Z-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å `‑m-K‑y‑w C‑u-b‑p-Å-h-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p e-`‑n-¨-X‑v. F-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n R‑m-\‑p‑w \-Ã k‑v-t‑\l-_-Ô‑w -]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W‑w h‑y-à‑n-]c-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v h-e‑n-b h‑n-ja-a‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b h‑mÀ-¯-b‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑hÀ-]‑m-S‑v t‑I‑mg‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑n-s‑â h‑y‑m-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-c‑wK-s‑¯ k‑v-t‑\-l-k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y-¯‑ns‑â X‑o-c‑m-\-ã‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. (X-bm-dm-¡n-bXv: \m-kÀ sIm-fmbn)

A man with a vision

t was the Clay Industry that brought us together. A man with a vision, encouraged innovation in whatever he tried to do. He believed in reaching out to the poor, help them out of their misery. The very functioning of their Calicut Tile Company is a standing example. Despite the adverse conditions in the market, he continued the working of the factory only to provide employment for the poor. One evening, two and a half years back, we had a meeting in which he proposed to hand over a new building of 3000 sqft, free of rent for thirty years to Comtrust Charitable Trust for conducting our charitable activities at Kodiyathur. The Charitable Trust willingly accepted his offer and thus Kodiyathur Vision Centre was born in memory of his late son M.A. Abdul Aziz who was also from the Tile Industry and a good friend of mine. Needless to say that Mr. M.A. Muhammad was an institution by himself. MA clan has spread themselves from business fields to medical, educational and so on, carrying the name of the family across the globe. May his departed soul rest in peace.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 19

MG Gopinath Comtrust Eye Hospital, Calicut

Fw. F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶ _n-kn-\-kv-am³

XrUn. A-\-´ kp-{_-Ò-Wy A-¿À ({]-kn-Uâv, BÄ tI-cf ssSÂ am-\p-^m-Iv-N-tdÀ-kv s^-U-td-j³ Xr-iqÀ)

iq-cnÂ hf-sc hÀj-§-fmbn Hm-Sp-hyhkm-b ta-J-e-bnÂ {]-hÀ¯n¨p-sIm->n-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp hy-h-km-bn B-Wv Rm³. Hm-Sp hy-h-km-bw Xr-iq-cn-\v ]pd-sa tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv ^-tdm¡v ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv Iq-Sp-X-em‑ bpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨v t]m-¶n-cp-¶ -Xv. hÀ-j-§Ä-¡v ap¼v Cu hy-h-km-b-¯nÂ GÀ-s¸-«ncp-¶ ]-tc-Xcm-b F³.kn. lp-Ê³-Ip-«n-lmPn, sI.hn. A-h-dm³-Ip-«n-lmPn, ]qtX-cnbn-se k-tlm-Z-c-·mÀ F-¶nh-cp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-em-bncp-¶p ^-tdm-¡nse Hm-Sp-hyhkm-b kwL-S-\ B-Zy-Ime -¯v {]-hÀ-¯n¨p-t]m-¶n-cp¶Xv. Fsâ HmÀ-½ i-cn-bmsW-¦nÂ 1982þ\v ti-j-am-Wv Rm³ tPy-jvT-Xp-ey-\m-bn I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-¶ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶ c->-£-c¯n-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ hyàn Hm-Sp-hy-hkm-b ta-J-e-bn-te¡v I-S-¶p-h-cp-¶Xv. A-t±lw t\-XrXzw sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ Fw.F. {Kq-¸n-sâ sN-bÀ-am\m-bn-cp¶p Cu sIm-Sn-b¯qÀ kz-tZin. t\c-s¯ ¹m-tâ-j-\nepw a-c-hy-h-km-b¯nepw hÀj-§-tfm-fw hyh-km-b-§Ä \-S-¯n-b-Xn-\p ti-j-am-Wv Fw.F. Hm-Sp-hyh-km-b-cwK-¯v F-¯n-t¨-cp¶Xv. A-t±l-s¯ ]-cn-N-bs¸-«-Xp-ap-XÂ tI-c-f-¯nse Hm-Sp-hy-h-km-bw t\-cn-Sp-¶ {]-iv-\-§-fnÂ C-S-s]-Sm³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 20

tIm-gn-t¡m-s« a-äp t\-Xm-¡Äs¡m-¸w A-t±-lw F-t¸mgpw ap¶n-ep->m-bn-cp¶p. hf-sc Xm-gv-a-bnÂ Im-cy-§Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶ H-cp ar-Zp-kz`m-h hn-tij-w A-t±-l-¯n-\p->m-bncp-¶p. A-t±-lw sN-bÀ-am-\m-bn G-sä-Sp-¯p \-S-¯n-bn-cp-¶ Imen¡-äv ssSÂ I¼-\n tI-c-f-¯nse X-s¶ kz-Im-cy-ta-J-e-bnÂ Xp-S§n-b BZy Hm-Sp-hy-hkm-b Øm-]-\-amWv. R-§-fp-sS Iq-sS Xr-iq-cnepw Hm-Sp hy-hkm-b ta-J-e-bp-sS {]-iv-\-§Ä ]Tn-¡m\pw a-\-Ên-em¡m\pw F¶pw Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶ ap-XnÀ-¶ Cu hy-h-km-bn Iq-sS-bp->m-bn-cp-¶p. \-sÃm-cp ¹mâÀ-¡v hy-h-km-bnbpw Iq-Sn B-hm³ ]-äp-sa-¶v A-t±-lw sXfn-bn-¡p-I-bp->mbn. A-t±-l-¯nsâ C-f-b k-tlm-Z-c³ Fw.F. A-Ðp-d-ln-am³ B-bn-cp-¶p Øm-]\-¯n-sâ Np-¡m³ ]n-Sn-¨n-cp-¶Xv. A-Ðp-d-ln-am³ tIm-gn-t¡mSv Hm-Sp hy-hkm-b kw-L-S-\-bp-sS {]-knU-âpw kwØm-\ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS `m-c-hm-lnbpw B-bn-cp¶p. Cu hen-b a-\p-jy-sâ, H-cp \Ã kp-lr-¯n-sâ, hn-S-]-d-bÂ F-\n-¡v hy-àn-]-c-am-bn am-{XaÃ, Rm³ {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¡p-¶ Hm-Sp-hyhkm-b ta-J-ebv¡pw H-cp Xo-cm\ãw X-s¶-bmWv. Im-cp-Wy-hm\mb ssZ-hw Fw.F. F-¶ Np-cp-¡p-t¸-cnÂ H-cp {]-tZi-¯v ap-gp-h³ A-dn-bs¸-Sp-¶ Cu hy-àn-¡v FÃmhn-[ ]-c-temI tam-£hpw \Â-Ip-am-dmIs«.

Memories

am at a loss when I remember, our family’s dear MA as he was fondly known to all of us, as to where and how to begin.

My first memories are in late 60s in my wife’s family home in Mayan Place, Chalappuram where he frequented as a close friend, business partner and always an honored guest. He is the easiest of men, I have met. He could get along very well and interact smoothly with anyone and everyone, be it a child, youth, older persons, the famous and rich or the pauper or his servant. He behaved in the same nice, soft way with everyone, always speaking softly. I have had close contacts once I moved back to Calicut from abroad, as neighbor, personal doctor, friend, business partner and travel companion and have never once seen him rise his voice or get angry. Nothing would upset him or his senses. He was always contented and sober. He possessed a great natural and genuine sense of humour. He was very smart and astute and a very shrewd businessman and very successful too. He was also very hard working, loved to travel and get involved in anything he did. He always carried himself with poise, always well-mannered. and well dressed. He was very kind, considerate and saw through people easily. He was a great host and a very gentle guest. A great soul in every way. He once told me that if he had passed Secondary School, he would have worked as a L.D clerk and retired as a UD Clerk in Government services. My family and I have many sweet lasting memories about him, whcih we will always cherish, with love and respect. We have lost our greatest friend. May Allah keep him in his heavenly abode.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 21

Dr. P.M.Hamza Director MIMS Hopital Kozhikode

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 22

A-¶v Rm³ ap-¡-t¯-bv-¡v \-S-¶p t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. ]n-¶nÂ h-¶ H-cp ImÀ F-sâ sXm-«-Sp-¯v \nÀ-¯n. A-XnÂ \n-¶v Fw.-F. C-d-§n-h-¶p. k-t´m-j-t¯m-sS F-\n-¡v ssI X-¶n-«v tNm-Zn-¨p: "-e-¦-bn-se cm-[m-Ir-jv-W-sâ ho-Sv \n-§Ä hne-bv-¡v hm-§n F-¶p tI-«-Xv i-cn-bm-tWm?' Rm³ ]dªp: "-A-sX-".

\mSv hne-§n-b-Xnsâ HmÀa

R‑m

³ b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v, A-X‑m-b-X‑v 1960--I-f‑p-s‑S X‑p-S-¡-¯‑ne‑m-h-W‑w B t‑]-c‑v t‑I-«-X‑v: F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³‑! F‑w.-F. F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑mÂ G-t‑X‑m h-e‑n-b ]-c‑o-£-b‑m-s‑W¶‑p‑w A-X‑v ]‑m-Ê‑m-b B-s‑f-b‑m-W‑v ‑"F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³' F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶s‑X-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑p‑w A-d‑n-ª‑p-I‑q-S‑m. A-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v. D-bÀ-¶‑p ]T‑n-¡‑m³ k‑u-I-c‑y-a‑pÅ-hÀ N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. A-¡‑q-«-¯‑nÂ¯-s‑¶ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ F-{‑X-t‑b‑m N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v F‑w.-F. ]‑m-Ê‑m-b-h-s‑c a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, A-X‑n-\‑p X‑m-s‑g-b‑p-Å _‑n.-F. ]‑m-Ê‑m-b-hs‑c-b‑p‑w ‑"-_‑n.-F.-¡‑m-c³-‑' F-¶‑p h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-´‑n-\‑v ]-¯‑m‑w-X-c‑w ]‑m-Ê‑m-b-h-s‑c-t‑¸‑me‑p‑w N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ ‑"-A-h³ F-k‑v.-Fk‑v.-FÂ.-k‑n.¡‑m-c-\‑m-‑' F-¶‑v- ]‑p-Ig‑v-¯‑n-¸-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 50þ60 s‑I‑m-Ã‑w a‑p-¼-s‑¯ I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v H‑mÀ-¡W‑w -A-¶‑v ]-¯‑m‑w-X-c‑w h-e‑n-b ]-c‑o-£-b‑m-W‑v! A-X‑v F-g‑p-X‑p-¶-hc‑p‑w F-g‑p-X‑n-b‑mÂ X-s‑¶ ]‑m-Ê‑mI‑p-¶-h-c‑p‑w N‑p-c‑p-§‑p‑w. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³

F-¶‑p t‑IÄ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. BÄ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-¡‑m-c-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-d‑n-ª-t‑X‑m-s‑S A-X‑n-i-b-a‑m-b‑n. F-s‑â \‑m-S‑m-b I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n-¡‑v s‑X‑m«-S‑p-¯ {‑K‑m-a-a‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ. a‑m-{‑X-h‑p-a-Ã‑, R-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ A-¶‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]-©‑m-b-¯‑p-I‑m-c‑mW‑v. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b k-l-]‑mT‑n K-^‑q-d‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑mW‑v R‑m³ I‑m-c‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑nb-X‑v - C-¸-d-b‑p-¶ BÄ F‑w.-F. ]‑m-Ê‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m->-Ã A-§-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑q-¸-c‑p-s‑S D-e‑v-]‑w (C-\‑o-j‑yÂ‑) B-W‑v F‑w.-F‑! i-c‑n¡‑p-Å t‑]-c‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶-X‑n-s‑â N‑p-c‑p-¡-a‑m-b‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b h‑n-f‑n-t‑¸-c‑m-W‑v ‑"-F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³-‑'. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ s‑I‑m-Å‑m-a-t‑Ã‑m F-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v l-c‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n. ]-¯‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÂ _‑m-¸ ]-d-ª‑m-W‑v R‑m³ A-d‑n-ª-X‑v -s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-k‑n A-Ð‑pÂA-k‑o-k‑n-s‑â a‑q-¯ a-I-\‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w. A-¸-d-b‑p-¶ J‑m-k‑n-s‑b F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. h-f-s‑c a-i‑v-l‑q-d‑m-b B-e‑n‑w B-W‑v. A-s‑¶‑m-¶‑p‑w a‑p-¡-t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 23

tUm. Fw.-F³. Imc-tÈcn Fgp-¯p-Imc³

_-Ê‑n-Ã. s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v, I-¡‑m-S‑v, I‑mc-t‑È-c‑n {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-s‑¶-Ã‑m‑w a‑p-¡-t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v \-S-¶‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I. I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n a‑p-¡‑nÂ \‑n-c-¯‑ph-¡-¯‑p-Å R-§-f‑p-s‑S \-S‑p-¡->‑n h‑o-«‑n-s‑â t‑I‑me‑m-b‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑mÂ \-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-h-s‑c-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ I‑m-W‑m‑w. B-s‑c-¡->‑m-e‑p‑w _‑m-¸ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ I-b-ä‑p‑w. N‑m-b-t‑b‑m I-ª‑n-t‑b‑m t‑N‑m-t‑d‑m k-X‑v-¡c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v. A-§-s‑\ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-h-c‑nÂ a‑n-¡-hc‑p‑w a‑q-¸-c‑p-s‑S l-_‑o-_‑o-§-f‑m-h‑p‑w. N‑p-c‑p-§‑n-b-X‑v ]-c‑n-N-b-¡‑mÀ. B-c‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-s‑a‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. ]-©-k‑m-c-s‑h-Å-t‑a‑m‑, N‑m-b-t‑b‑m‑, t‑a‑m-c‑p‑w-s‑h-Åt‑a‑m‑, I-ª‑n-t‑b‑m F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-¶‑v I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-b‑n-¡‑q-S‑m. A-X‑v ^À-f‑v B-W‑v! B h-I‑p-¸‑nÂ _‑m-¸ h‑o-«‑nÂ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p t‑I-ä‑n-b‑n«‑m-W‑v R‑m³ J‑m-k‑n-b‑m-s‑c I->-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â a‑q-¯-a-I³ F-¶‑p t‑I-«-X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v h-e‑n-b I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑m-b‑n. A-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v R‑m³ B t‑£‑m-`-P-\-Ia‑m-b h‑mÀ-¯ t‑I-«-X‑v "-a‑q-¸-c‑v J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-b‑m-W‑v!' a‑p-k‑v-e‑o-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n-s‑e "-A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-‑' h‑n-`‑m-K-s‑¯b‑m-W‑v a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑v. A-hÀ k‑z-b‑w ‑"-A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-IÄ-‑' F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p‑w. a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ A-h-s‑c ]-c‑n-l-k‑n-¨‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-¸t‑¸-c‑m-W‑v ‑"-J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-IÄ'. A-hÀ a‑p-k‑v-e‑o-§-f-Ã F-¶‑m-W‑v a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑ps‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n A-h-k‑m-\-s‑¯ {‑]-h‑m-N-I-\‑m-I-b‑mÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w a‑oÀk‑m-K‑p-e‑m‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑v J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n F-¶‑p t‑]-c‑m-b‑n H-c‑p {‑]-h‑m-N-I³ h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-IÄ a-X-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-¯‑m-W‑v F-¶‑mW‑v h‑m-Z‑w. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n {‑]-h‑m-N-I-s‑â P-·-t‑Z-i‑w ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m³ F-¶ {‑]-t‑Z-i-a‑m-W‑v. F-s‑â I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-IÄ ]-e-h‑n[-a‑m-b h‑n-t‑h-N-\-§Ä s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ t‑\c‑n-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v a-ä‑p-Å a‑p-k‑v-e‑o-§Ä A-h-s‑c k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-a‑m-b‑n _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n\‑v-‑ "-\‑m-S‑p-h‑n-e-§‑n-‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-I. - I->‑mÂ a‑n>‑p-I-b‑n-Ã‑, I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v £-W‑n¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã‑, ]‑o-S‑n-I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v k‑m-a‑m-\‑w s‑I‑mS‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã‑, a-c‑n-¨‑mÂ s‑N-¶‑p I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑n-Ã... A-§-s‑\-b-§-s‑\... C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-¨‑p I‑m-e-t‑a \‑n-e-\‑n-¶‑p-Å‑p. ‑"-\‑m-S‑p-h‑n-e-§-e‑n-‑'-s‑\-¸-ä‑n I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑p t‑I-«t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡‑p h-e‑n-b {‑]-b‑m-k‑w t‑X‑m-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 24

¶‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-h‑y-X‑y‑m-k¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑nÂ B-f‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v C-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑m-t‑a‑m? A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \-S-¶ H-c‑p A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-h‑n-c‑p-² h-Af‑v ]-c-¼-c F-\‑n-¡‑n-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \-Ã H‑mÀ-½-b‑p->‑v. A-X‑v ‑"-J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-JÞ-\‑w-‑' F-¶‑m-W-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«-X‑v. ]-e Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑p \‑o->‑p-t‑]‑m-b B c‑m-{‑]-k‑w-K-]-c-¼-c k‑p-¶‑n -- a‑pP‑m-l‑n-Z‑v - P-a‑m-A-¯‑v h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä H-¶‑n-¨‑m-W‑v \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v. k‑p-¶‑nb‑m-b h‑m-W‑n-b-¼-e‑w A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑mÀ‑, a‑p-P‑m-l‑n-Z‑v B-b s‑s‑i-J‑v-a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑u-e-h‑n‑, P-a‑m-A¯‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑n F-¶‑n-h-c‑p-s‑S D-d‑p-Z‑n-IÄ-¡‑v I‑p-«‑n-b‑m-b R‑m³ l‑m-P-d‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. B t‑b‑m-K-Ø-e-¯‑v [‑m-c‑mf-a‑m-b‑n ‑"-D-®‑n-¡‑m-¼‑n-s‑â s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w' \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-¶-X‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w s‑Xf‑n-b‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v A-X‑y-]‑qÀ-Æ-a‑m-b S‑y‑q-_‑v-s‑s‑e-ä‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v R-§Ä ‑"-D-®‑n-¡‑m-¼‑v-' F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶X‑v. A-¶‑v h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I->n-c‑p-¶ D-¨-`‑m-j‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w B ]-c-¼-c-b‑nÂ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑â I‑m-f‑w s‑X-§‑n-t‑·Â s‑I-«‑p-¶-X‑v s‑I‑m>‑v A-X‑n-\‑v "-s‑X-§‑n-t·Â s‑I-«‑n-‑' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑]-c‑v. C‑u I‑m-e-s‑¯‑m-¶‑p‑w R‑m³ F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c-s‑\ I->‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. [‑m-c‑m-f‑w t‑I-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p->‑v - I‑q¸‑v t‑e-e-¯‑n-s‑\-S‑p-¯‑v a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¨‑v I-Ã‑m-b‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F-¯‑n-¨‑v h‑n-e‑v¡‑p-¶ ]-W‑n. I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e ]-W‑n-¡‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w B-f‑p-I-s‑f s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-«‑n-e‑mÀ¡‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-e‑n-b‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-¯ k-a‑m-\‑m-W‑v. ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-h-«-h‑p‑w. X‑n-¶‑m-\‑p‑w D-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p‑w B-f‑p-IÄ {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ Z‑p-ch-Ø. A-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-W‑n-¡‑mc‑m-b‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-

s‑c-t‑b‑m A-bÂ-\‑m-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c-t‑b‑m B-W‑v. a‑q-¸À A-X‑nÂ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n F-t‑¶‑m A-\-l‑v-a-Z‑n F-t‑¶‑m h‑y-X‑y‑m-k‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-Ã; a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w F-t‑¶‑m A-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w F-t‑¶‑m h‑yX‑y‑m-k‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-Ã; ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑p‑w P‑m-X‑n-b‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶‑, k-¼-¶-\‑m-b B a-\‑p-j‑y³ h‑oS‑p->‑m-¡‑m-t‑\‑m N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¡‑m-t‑\‑m s‑]¬-a-¡-s‑f s‑I-«‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-S‑m-t‑\‑m ]‑m-§‑n-Ã‑m-¯ B-f‑p-I-s‑f [‑m-c‑mf-a‑m-b‑n k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-¶-X‑ns‑â I-Y-I-f‑p‑w t‑I-«‑p. A-X‑n-e‑p‑w B-f‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y-a-Ã‑m-s‑X A-h-c‑p-s‑S \‑n-d-h‑p‑w t‑I‑m-e-h‑p‑w ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. 1960-I-f‑n-s‑e `-£‑y-£‑m-a-s‑¯ t‑\-c‑n-S‑m³ s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Zi-s‑¯-b‑p‑w {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c-s‑â C‑u a-t‑\‑m-`‑m-h-a‑m-W‑v. C-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-s‑e-t‑¸‑m-t‑g‑m‑, G-t‑X‑m I-e‑y‑m-W-¸-´-e‑nÂ s‑h¨‑m-W‑v R‑m³ I-Y‑m-]‑p-c‑p-j-s‑\ \-t‑Ã-c‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v. ]-c‑n-N-bs‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p‑w hÀ-j§Ä I-g‑n-ª‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v b‑mZ‑r-Ñ‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ A-¶‑v

t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v a‑o-©-´ BÀ-«‑v-k‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-W‑v. G-t‑X‑m ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑Ì-P‑nÂ R-§Ä A-S‑p-¯-S‑p-¯‑m-b‑n. k‑ml-N-c‑y-h-i‑mÂ‑, [‑m-c‑m-f‑w hÀ-¯-a‑m\‑w ]-d-b‑m-³ C-S-I‑n-«‑n. F-{‑X-t‑b‑m I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑p-Å H-c‑m-t‑f‑mS‑v F-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑n-b-X‑v. X-¡‑w I‑n-«‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä A-l‑v-a‑m-Z‑n-b‑mh‑m³ F-´‑m-W‑v I‑m-c-W‑w?' a-d‑p-]-S‑n H-c‑p F-X‑nÀ-t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p: "-c->‑m-b‑n-c‑w s‑I‑m-Ã-a‑m-b‑n-«‑v C‑u-k‑m \-_‑n B-I‑m-i-¯‑v P‑o-h‑n¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑p->‑v F-¶‑v \‑n-§Ä h‑n-i‑zk‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-t‑>‑m?' R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p: "-C-Ã. a-{‑Z-Êb‑nÂ A-©‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑pt‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v R‑m³ A-X‑v B-Z‑y-a‑mb‑n t‑I-«-X‑v. A-t‑¶ F-\‑n-¡-X‑nÂ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã.' D-S-s‑\ A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n¨‑p: "-C‑u-k‑m \-_‑n a-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑mb‑n F-¶-X‑v b‑p-à‑n a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. A-¯-c‑w b‑p-à‑n-b‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y§Ä R‑m³ I->X‑v A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-k‑w-K-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w

ap_m-l-e k-t½f-\w \-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\v sXm-«p-ap-¼v \-S-¶ kulr-Z NÀ-¨. Fw.]n. ho-tc-{µ-Ip-amÀ kao]w. (1989 sabv) Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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F-sâ Ip-«n-¡m-e-¯v A-lv-a-Zn-IÄ ]-e-hn-[-am-b hn-th-N-\-§Ä sIm-Sn-b-¯qcnÂ t\-cn-«ncp-¶p. A-¶v a-äp-Å ap-kv-eo§Ä A-h-sc km-aq-ly-am-bn _-ln-jv-¡-cn-¨ncp-¶p. C-Xn-\v"-\m-Sp-hn-e-§n-' F-¶m-Wv A-¶v ]-d-bp-I.

{‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c-W-§-f‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v.' ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w R-§Ä I->-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w C-¯-c‑w NÀ-¨-IÄ N‑p-c‑p-¡-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-l‑va-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S t‑b‑m-K-§-f‑nÂ ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡‑m-d‑p-Å H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v R‑m³. k‑z-´‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑m-ZÀ-i-§Ä ]-d-b‑m-\‑p‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-hÀ¡‑v A-h-I‑m-i-a‑p->‑v F-¶ P-\‑m-[‑n]-X‑y-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C‑u ]-¦‑m-f‑n-¯‑w. C‑u h-I-b‑nÂ F‑w.-F.¡‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v H-c‑p {‑]-t‑X‑y-I h‑m-Õ-e‑y-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑p-b‑m-b‑n-t‑b‑m A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n-t‑b‑m A-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w A-hc‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-s‑¯ h‑n-e-a-X‑n-¡‑p-¶ BÄ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-s‑W¶‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n a-\-Ê‑ne‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑â h‑n-N‑m-c‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ H-c‑n¡Â \-S-¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n- - a‑p-l-½-Z‑n h‑m-Z-{‑]-X‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-e‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑n-¡Â \-S-¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n- - t‑N-I-\‑q-c‑n h‑mZ-{‑]-X‑n-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-e‑p‑w R‑m³ t‑a‑m-Ut‑d-ä-d‑m-b‑n-¯‑oÀ-¶-X‑v C‑u \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n h-e‑n-b A-S‑p-¸-t‑a‑m s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-_-Ô-t‑a‑m D->‑m-h‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-l-N-c‑y‑w I-½‑n-

Rm³ A-t\z-jn¨-t¸m-gm-Wv B ho-«nÂ t{]-Xap@v F-¶ In-Ê A-dn-ª-Xv. X-am-i tXm-¶n. ho-«v-th-e-bv-¡v B-sf In-«m-¯ Im-e-¯v H-cp t{]-X-sam-s¡ ho«n-ep-@m-hp-¶-XmWv \-Ã-Xv F-¶v Rm³ ]-d-ªp.

b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w h-e‑n-b h‑y‑m-]‑m-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-g‑p-I‑n t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-¯‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑v-¡‑p ]‑p-d-¯‑p‑w H-s‑¡-¡-g‑n-b‑p-¶ hÀ-¯-a‑m-\§Ä C-S-b‑v-¡‑p‑w X-e-b‑v-¡‑p‑w t‑I-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-Ã I-e‑y‑m-W-h‑o«‑n-t‑e‑m‑, a-c-W-h‑o-«‑n-t‑e‑m H-s‑¡ A-]‑qÀ-Æ-a‑m-b‑n I-s‑>¦‑n-e‑m-b‑n. A-{‑X X-s‑¶. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Zc-·‑m-c‑m-b F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³‑, F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w‑, a-I-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑v F.-F‑w. I‑p-«‑n-l-Ê³‑, a-I³ F‑w.-F. \‑mkÀ X‑p-S-§‑n B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑ns‑e ]-e-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v A-S‑p¯‑v ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑p->‑v. -{‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ k‑z-´‑w a-I-s‑â Ø‑m\-¯‑v I->‑n-c‑p-¶ F³.-F‑w. k-e‑o-a‑n-s‑â N-§‑m-X‑n F‑w.-F. \‑m-k-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-«‑v. B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑e ]-e k-t‑´‑m-j-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k-´‑m-]-¯‑n-e‑p‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v C-S-h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. F‑w.-F. F-s‑â h‑y-à‑n-]-ca‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑pI-t‑b‑m A-d‑n-b‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑p¶‑p->‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑m³

ap¡-s¯ hy-hkm-b {]-ap-J³ F³.Fw. ap-l½-Zv lm-Pn-bp-sS Iq-sS....

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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k‑m-l-N-c‑y-t‑a-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-¶‑v D->‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ A-P-_‑m-b‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n: 1999-þe‑m-W‑v. R‑m³ C-t‑¸‑mÄ X‑m-a-k‑n¡‑p-¶ "-A-¼‑m-S‑n-‑' F-¶‑p t‑]-c‑m-b h‑o-S‑v G.FÂ. c‑m-[‑m-I‑r-j‑v-W-\‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v h‑n-eb‑v-¡‑v h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑m-W‑v. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v D-½-b‑mW‑v B h‑o-S‑v h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑>-¶‑p‑w \‑o h‑m-§-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. D-½ ]-d-ª \‑y‑m-b‑w: I‑p-t‑d-¡‑q-S‑n X-d-h‑mS‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v A-S‑p-¯‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ A-X‑n-s‑â N‑p-ä‑n-e‑p‑w D-Å-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ k‑z-´-¡‑m-t‑c‑m _-Ô-¡‑m-t‑c‑m B-W‑v. R‑m³ A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v B h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑{‑]-X-a‑p>‑v F-¶ I‑n-Ê A-d‑nª-X‑v. X-a‑m-i t‑X‑m-¶‑nþ h‑o-«‑v-t‑h-e-b‑v-¡‑v B-s‑f I‑n-«‑m-¯ I‑m-e-¯‑v H-c‑p t‑{‑]-Xs‑a‑m-s‑¡ h‑o-«‑n-e‑p->‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v \-Ã-X‑v F-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. D-½ F-´‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w F-¶-d‑n-b‑m³ t‑h>‑n R‑m³ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-B h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑{‑]X-a‑p->‑v F-¶‑v F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p->‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑v h‑m-§-t‑W‑m?' D-½ D-S-s‑\ ]-d-ª‑p: "-A-b‑v-s‑\‑m-s‑¡ H-c‑p ^‑m-¯‑n-l H‑m-X‑n-b‑mÂ a-X‑n. ¿‑n A-X‑v a‑m-§‑n-t‑¡‑m.' R‑m³ A-X‑v h‑m-§‑m³ t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑mW‑v F-¶-d‑n-ª G-t‑X‑m _-Ô‑p F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-C-¯‑m-t‑¯‑, A-h‑ns‑S t‑{‑]-X‑w D->‑v-¶‑v t‑I-«-t‑Ã‑m. A-X‑v h‑m§‑n-b‑m _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑m-h‑q-t‑e?' A-hÄ ]-d-ª‑p: "-a‑q-¸-s‑c I‑q-s‑S C-c‑p]-X‑v s‑I‑m-Ã‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¡‑v-W‑v. A-X‑n-e‑p‑w h-e‑y t‑{‑]-X-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w A-¼‑m-S‑o-e‑v D->‑mh‑q-e.' R‑m³ c‑m-[-I‑r-j‑v-W-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "R‑m³ X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑m³ h‑o-S‑v h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. \‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b h‑n-e-b‑v¡‑v h‑m-§-W‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. F-\‑n-¡‑v t‑{‑]-X-¯‑n-s‑â U‑n-k‑v-¡‑u->‑v t‑h->.' c->‑p-a‑q-t‑¶-¡À ]-d-¼‑n-e‑m-W‑v h‑o-S‑v. C-c‑p-]-¯-©‑v s‑kâ‑p‑w h‑o-S‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑mW‑v R‑m³ h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑v. ‑"]‑p-g-¡-c-‑'-b‑n-s‑e F-s‑â A-b-e‑v-¡‑m-c³ F³.-s‑I. a-½-Z‑v

B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-S-b‑mÄ. B h‑mÀ-¯ I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c¯‑p‑w h-f-s‑c t‑h-K‑w ]-SÀ-¶‑p - t‑{‑]-X-`-h-\‑w H-c‑mÄ h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p h‑m-§‑n X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑mI‑p-¶‑p‑! R‑m³ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯ h‑n-e I‑q-S‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v \‑y‑q-\-]-£‑w. h‑n-e h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-ª‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v `‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w þ A-hÀ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨X‑v R‑m³ ]-d-¼‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ B h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v h‑m§‑n- F-¶‑m-W‑v, C-c‑p-]-¯-©‑v s‑kâ‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w h‑m-§‑n F-¶-Ã‑! C-X‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n a‑n-¡-h-c‑p‑w a‑u-\‑w ]‑m-e‑n-¨‑p þ t‑{‑]-X-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v XÀ-¡‑n-¨‑n-«‑p I‑mc‑y-a‑n-Ã F-¶‑p s‑h-¨‑n-«‑m-h‑p‑w. A-[‑n-I-a‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w A-X‑p k-t‑´‑m-j-a‑m-b‑n-Ã. A-¶‑v R‑m³ a‑p-¡-t‑¯-b‑v-¡‑v \-S-¶‑p t‑]‑mh‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-¶‑nÂ h-¶ H-c‑p I‑mÀ F-s‑â s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n. A-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F‑w.-F. C-d-§‑n-h-¶‑p. k-t‑´‑m-j-t‑¯‑m-s‑S F-\‑n-¡‑v s‑s‑I X-¶‑n-«‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "e-¦-b‑n-s‑e c‑m-[‑m-I‑r-j‑v-W-s‑â h‑o-S‑v \‑n-§Ä h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v h‑m-§‑n F-¶‑p t‑I-«-X‑v i-c‑n-b‑mt‑W‑m?' "-A-s‑X' "-R‑m³ A-X‑v t‑I-«-]‑m-s‑S h-f-s‑c \-¶‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. C-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑n-¡Â I‑q-S‑n ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p‑, h-f-s‑c \-¶‑m-b‑n. \-Ã Ø-e¯‑m-W-X‑v. \-Ã I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p-Å h‑o-S‑v. I‑m-W‑m\‑p‑w \-¶‑v. \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v A-X‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b-X‑v \-¶‑m-b‑n. R‑m³ t‑]‑m-s‑«. ]‑n-s‑¶-¡‑m-W‑m‑w.' \-Ã h‑m-¡‑p-IÄ-¡‑v \-µ‑n ]-d-ª‑v R‑m³ s‑s‑I-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v ]‑n-c‑n-ª‑p. F-´‑n-\‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. A-¶‑v A-§-s‑\ ]-d-ª-X‑v? b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ I‑m-d‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n-¸-db‑m³ a‑m-{‑X‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯- k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v C‑u h‑mÀ-¯-b‑v-¡‑v {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w h-Ã-X‑p-a‑p-t‑>‑m? ‑"-t‑{‑]-X-h‑m-k‑w-‑' F-¶ A-Ô-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w R‑m³ h‑n-e-s‑h-b‑v-¡‑m-¯-X‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-t‑a‑m-Z-\-a‑m-t‑W‑m? C-¯-c‑w F-´‑p ]-W‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑m-e‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mc‑m-c‑p‑w \-Ã h‑m-¡‑v ]-d-b‑n-Ã F-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑nh‑nÂ F-s‑¶ B-i‑z-k‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-t‑W‑m? F-s‑â k-t‑´‑m-j-¯‑nÂ ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-h‑m³ a‑m-{‑X‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b A-S‑p-¸‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m? B-t‑h‑m‑, BÀ-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w?

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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k-a-bw am-kn-I B-cw-`n-¨ k-µÀ-`-¯nÂ Fw.-F. ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_v F-\n-s¡m-cp t]m-ÌÂ I-hÀ A-b-¨p-X-¶p. am-kn-I-bv-¡v B-iw-k-IÄ t\À-¶ B I-h-dn-se I¯ns\m¸w a-säm-¶p Iq-Sn-bp-@m-bn-cp-¶p....

Xmgva-Xm-³ A-`yp-¶Xn

A s{]m^. _n. alvaqZv AlvaZv tI-cf t^m-IvtemÀ A-¡m-U-an-bp-sS ap³ sN-bÀ-am³, ka-bw am-kn-I-bp-sS ]-{Xm-[n]À.

-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. ]-W‑w‑, ]-Z-h‑n‑, {‑]-X‑m-]‑w C-h-s‑bÃ‑m‑w H-¯‑p-t‑N-c‑p-¶-h-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-I‑m-e-k-a‑q-l‑w a‑m-\‑y-c‑mb‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-h-c‑nÂ C-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w `‑q-a‑nb‑n-e‑n-d-§‑n \-S-¶ k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑mc-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. _-l‑p-a‑p-J-{‑]-X‑n-`-s‑b-¶‑v A-t‑±l-s‑¯ h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v X‑n-I-¨‑p‑w A-\‑zÀ-°-a‑m-W‑v. I‑p-e‑o\-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-P‑m-X-\‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑n-s‑e H-c-`‑n-P‑m-X-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e a‑p-J‑y-Ø‑m-b‑n. {‑K‑m-a-a‑p-J‑y³ F-¶‑v X-s‑¶ h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H‑u¶-X‑y‑w. k‑p-µ-c-a‑m-b i-c‑o-c-t‑¯‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w k‑p-µ-c-a‑m-b a-\-Ê‑p‑w. s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ \‑n-k‑z‑mÀ°-a‑m-b t‑k-h-\-]‑m-X A-t‑±-l‑w X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯‑p. A-t‑\-I‑w t‑] À-¡‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S k-¦-S-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w k-l‑m-b-l-k‑v-X‑w \‑o-«‑n. A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v A-t‑±-l‑w I-c‑p-W‑m-a-ba‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. \‑n-Ê-l‑m-bÀFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-¯‑m-W‑n-b‑m-b‑n. B-X‑p-c-i‑p-{‑i‑q-j F‑w.-F.¡‑v P‑o-hk‑v-]-µ-\‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \-t‑¶ s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑n-t‑e ]‑p-t‑c‑mK-a-\-\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w H-c‑p C-S-X‑p-]-£ k-l-b‑m-{‑X‑n-I-\‑mb‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. C-S-X‑p-]-£-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑v C-S-X‑p-]£-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-c‑o-i‑z-c-X‑z-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v. A-Ô-h‑n-i‑z‑mk-P-V‑n-e-a‑m-b b‑m-Y‑m-Ø‑n-X‑n-I a-X-t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-I-¶‑p-\‑n-¶‑p. s‑s‑Z-h-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑nb‑m-b A-t‑±-l‑w b‑p-à‑n-\‑n-j‑vT-h‑p‑w ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-a-\-]-c-h‑p-a‑m-b a-X-N‑n-´‑m[‑m-c-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-S‑p-¯‑p. a-X‑w I-d‑p-¸‑m-s‑W-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w a-X‑w H-c‑m-ß‑o-b H‑u-j-[-a‑m-s‑W¶‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n. A-§-s‑\ A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ A‑w-K-a‑m-b‑n. X‑m³ X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯ s‑s‑Z-h‑n-I-h-g‑n-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w A-´‑y‑w h-s‑c D-d-¨‑p\‑n-¶‑p. Xm³ h-e‑p-X‑m-b‑n-¡-> s‑s‑Z-h‑n-I-{‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â t‑I-c-f¯‑n-s‑e t‑\-X‑r-\‑n-c-b‑nÂ F-¯‑n-b

F‑w.-F. X-s‑â k‑z-X-k‑n-²-a‑m-b I-g‑n-h‑p-IÄ {‑]-I-S-a‑m-¡‑n. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑nt‑\‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w R‑m³ H-c‑p k-l-{‑]hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b‑n I-g‑n-ª‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b k-µÀ-`-§Ä F-\‑n-¡‑v A-a‑r-X-X‑pe‑y-a‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³ a‑m-k‑n-I-b‑p-s‑S s‑N-bÀ-a‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p L-«-¯‑nÂ k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³ a‑mk‑n-I-b‑p-s‑S A-s‑s‑U‑z-k-d‑n-t‑_‑mÀU‑v s‑N-bÀ-a‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R‑m³. F-\‑n-¡‑v k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³ a‑m-k‑n-I kÀ-¤‑m-ß-I-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â B-ß‑ob-k‑n-²‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I ]-c‑m-[‑o-\-X A-\‑p-`h‑n-¨ k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-X‑nI‑q-e‑m-h-Ø-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-f-b-¯‑nÂ a‑p-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-h‑m-s‑X k-X‑y-Z‑q-X-s‑\ k‑w-c-£‑n-¨ I-¸‑n-¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w a‑m-k‑n-I-b‑ps‑S h‑m-b-\‑m-\‑p-`-h‑w k‑w-X‑r-]‑v-X-a‑m¡‑m³ t‑h-> \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑w F‑w.-F. R-§Ä-¡‑v \-e‑v-I‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â C-S-s‑]-S-e‑p-IÄ i‑n-£-W-s‑s‑hZ-K‑v-²‑y-¯‑n-t‑â-X‑m-W‑v. \‑m-«‑n³-]‑p-d¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p-Å H-c‑mÄ \-·-I-f‑mÂ k-a‑r-²-a‑m-b k-c-f-`‑m-j-b‑p-s‑S h-à‑m-h‑m-s‑W-¶‑v B \‑m-f‑p-I-f‑nÂ R-§Ä X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑p. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m

F‑w.-F. B t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑v \‑n-c-h-[‑n Ø‑m-]-\-§f‑p->‑v. X‑n-c-¡‑v ]‑n-S‑n-¨ H‑u-t‑Z‑y‑m-K‑nI-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ ]-t‑£‑, A-t‑±-l‑w H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h‑y‑m-I‑p-e-\‑m-b‑n--Ã. \À-½-a-[‑p-c-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑mM‑v-a-b-{‑]-k‑m-Z‑w. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b‑mÂ BÀ-¡‑p‑w‑, X‑m-g‑v-¶-hÀ-¡‑p‑w D-bÀ-¶-hÀ-¡‑p‑w‑, a‑p-J-¯‑v ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n h‑n-S-c‑p‑w. A-Yh‑m B-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â t‑X-·-gb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å I‑q-S‑n-t‑¨-c-e‑nÂ \-a‑p-¡‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h-c-{‑]-k‑m-Z‑w. H-c‑n-¡Â‑, C-t‑¸‑mÄ k-X‑yZ‑q-X³ ]-{‑X‑m-[‑n-]-c‑m-b F.-F‑w. k-e‑o‑w k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w {‑]-k‑n-² t‑PÀW-e‑n-Ì-‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w. A-Ð‑p-dl‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w A-²‑y‑m-]I-\‑m-b R‑m-\‑p‑w H-¶‑n-¨‑v \‑n-¶‑p k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w ]-¦‑n-S‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. R-§-f‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-s‑¯¯‑n. ‑"-H-¸‑w t‑N-t‑c->-hÀ X-s‑¶-‑' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I-aâ‑v. H-t‑c X‑q-hÂ-]-£‑n-IÄ F-¶‑v h‑y‑w-K‑y‑w. R-§Ä F-g‑p¯‑p-I‑mÀ H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑n F-¶ k‑q-N-\-b‑v-¡-¸‑p-d‑w R-§Ä-¡‑p-Å A‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B h‑m-¡‑pI-f‑n-s‑e [‑z-\‑n. F-s‑´‑m-c‑p k-l‑r-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 29

]-e-t¸m-gm-bn X-sâ cm-jv-{So-bm`n-ap-Jyw Fw.-F. R-§-tfm-Sv Xp-d-¶p ]-d-ªn«p-@v. H-cn-¡-epw A-Xv I-£n-cmjv-{So-b-¯n-sâ F-Sm-Iq-S-am-bn-cp¶n-Ã. a-dn-¨v A-Xv k-Xy-¯n-sâbpw ip-²n-bpsS-bpw ]-£w tNÀ-¶p \n-ev¡p-¶ a-tX-X-c -P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ hn-e-bn-cp¯-em-bn-cp-¶p.

ssSÂ am-\p-^m-IvtN-gv-kv A-tkmkn-tb-j³ hy-hkm-b a{´n F-fa-cw I-co-an-\v \ÂIn-b kzoI-cW tbm-K-¯nÂ. (2006 Pq-¬) hym]m-cn hy-h-km-bn G-tIm-]-\ k-an-Xn {]-knUâv Sn. \-k-dp-±o³ {]-kw-Kn-¡p¶p.

Z-b-X‑z-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-t‑â-s‑X-¶‑v R‑m³ B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. I-®‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ ‑"-k-a-b‑w' a‑m-k‑n-I-b‑p-s‑S ]-{‑X‑m-[‑n-]-c‑m-b‑n R‑m³ ]-X‑n-s‑\-«‑p s‑I‑m-Ã-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n¡‑p-¶‑p. k-a-b‑w a‑m-k‑n-I B-c‑w-`‑n-¨ k-µÀ-`¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-\‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑p t‑]‑m-ÌÂ I-hÀ A-b-¨‑p-X¶‑p. a‑m-k‑n-I-b‑v-¡‑v B-i‑w-k-IÄ t‑\À-¶ B I-h-d‑n-s‑e I-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑p I‑q-S‑n-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â Ø‑m]-\-a‑m-b ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Îd‑n-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p t‑_-¡‑v-t‑]-P‑v I-hÀ ]-c-k‑y‑w. A-t‑§‑m-«‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m-s‑X C-t‑§‑m-«‑v e-`‑n-¨ C‑u h‑n-e-s‑¸-« k‑v-t‑\-t‑l‑m-]-l‑m-c‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑nc‑n-¡‑p-t‑¶-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w H-c‑p a-[‑p-c-k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n R‑m³ F-s‑â s‑\-t‑©‑m-S‑p t‑NÀ-¯‑p-s‑h-¡‑p‑w. ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n X-s‑â c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b‑m-`‑n-a‑p-J‑y‑w F‑w.-F. R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v X‑p-d-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p>‑v. H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w A-X‑v I-£‑n-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¯‑ns‑â F-S‑m-I‑q-S-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. a-d‑n-¨‑v A-X‑v k-X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w i‑p-²‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]-£‑w t‑NÀ-¶‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ a-t‑X-X-c -P-\‑m-[‑n-]X‑y-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-I-£‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑pl‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p->‑v. A-h-s‑c-b‑m-h-s‑« a‑m-\-h‑nI-X-b‑p-s‑S A-f-h‑p-t‑I‑m-e‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-f-¶-X‑v. ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w B-t‑e‑mN‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v, F-{‑X I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. \-½‑p-s‑S c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-s‑¯-b‑p‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¡‑ms‑c-b‑p‑w \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v. a-s‑ä‑m-

c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w‑, s‑]‑m-X‑p-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑v F-¶‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-\‑m-W‑v F-¶-X‑m-W‑v, h‑n-i‑n-ã-h‑y-à‑n-IÄ a‑p-XÂ‑, K‑m-Ô‑n-P‑n-b‑ps‑S `‑m-j-b‑nÂ‑, Z-c‑n-{‑Z-\‑m-c‑m-b-W-·mÀ h-s‑c. \-½-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e F-Ã‑m \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w D-¶-X‑n-b‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨-X‑v ‑"-X‑m-g‑v-a-X‑m³ A-`‑y‑p-¶-X‑n-‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v. B-ß‑o-b-X-b‑p‑w `‑u-X‑n-I-X-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â \-Ã AÀ-°-¯‑nÂ H-¶‑n-¨‑p t‑N-c‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑v \-Ã h‑y-à‑n-IÄ ]‑n-d-¡‑p-¶‑p. a-X-[‑mÀ-½‑n-Ik-Z‑m-N‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m-X‑z‑n-I-c‑p-N‑n \-a‑p-¡‑mk‑z-Z‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑p-¶‑p. k-\‑m-X-\-a‑q-e‑y-§Ä I‑p-¸-s‑¯‑m-«‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-e‑n-s‑¨-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-Ib‑p‑w X‑n-· B-k‑p-c-\‑r-¯-a‑m-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N¿‑p-¶ hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑m-«‑p-\‑o-X‑n-¡‑v ]-I-c‑w i-{‑X‑p-h‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l‑w F-¶‑v H-c‑p [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-¯‑oc‑p-¶‑p. C‑u I-S-a \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¡‑m³ h‑n-\-b-h‑p‑w e‑m-f‑n-X‑y-h‑p‑w k-¼-¯‑m-¡‑n-b N‑n-e-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑p->‑v F-¶-X‑n-s‑â H-c-`‑n-a‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-K-t‑¯-¡‑mÄ {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ B-ZÀ-i-§-f‑p-s‑S i‑m-i‑z-X‑n-I-X‑z-a‑m-W‑v. X‑oÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑p‑w C-\‑n-b‑p-Å I‑m-e‑w A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-IÄ F-¶‑p‑w l-c‑n-X h‑nt‑a‑m-l‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-\‑v A-Ã‑m-l‑p a-K‑v-^‑n-d¯‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-a‑m-d‑m-I-s‑«‑, B-a‑o³.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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B IS-em-Êp- Np-cp-fp-IÄ hm¸ Xncn¨p \o«n. At¸mÄ B hn\o-X-in-jysâ apJ¯v hnjm-Z-¯nsâ inincw I\-¯p. AbmÄ H¶mw Xc-¯nÂ ]Tn-¨n-cp¶ ]gb hnZymÀ°n-bmbn cq]w amdnb t]mse. Kpcp-hnsâ ap¶nÂ Ah³ ]cp§n \n¶p. F¶n«v ]Xntb ]d-ªp-Xp-S§n...

A§s\-sbm¶pw ]-d-b-sÃ-sâ am-tj...

-§-f-s‑S ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v ]‑n.-S‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑m-j‑v A-d‑nb-s‑¸-S‑m³ B-{‑K-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v k-X‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w H-c‑p s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-t‑Zi-h‑m-k‑n B-b‑m-W‑v. t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑qc‑n-\‑v ]‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v h-¶‑p-t‑NÀ-¶ a-l‑n-a-I-f‑p‑w a-I‑p-S-§-f‑p‑w k‑w-`-h‑n¨‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w R-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nt‑e-¡‑v Ø‑n-c-X‑m-a-k-¯‑n-s‑\-¯‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-{‑X A-K‑m-[-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v B a-®‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ a-\‑p-j‑y-t‑c‑m-S‑p-a‑p-Å k‑v-t‑\-l-]‑m-c-h-i‑y-§Ä. C‑u k‑vt‑\-l‑m-X‑n-t‑c-I-§Ä H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w G-I-a‑p-J-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑db‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w t‑Z-i-h‑mk‑n-I-f‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \-e‑v-I‑n-b ]-c‑n-K-W-\-b‑p‑w I‑r-]‑m-Z-c§-f‑p‑w. H-cÀ-°-¯‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑u-c-X‑z-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w R-§-s‑f h‑n-e-¡‑n-b-X‑p‑w H-c‑p s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ t‑Z-i-¡‑m-c³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑m‑w. C-X‑v a-s‑ä‑m-c-X‑n-i-b-a‑m-W‑v.

A-X‑v s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑ a‑u-e-h‑n. a‑u-e-h‑n X-s‑â b‑u-Æ-\-X‑o-£‑v-WX-b‑mÀ-s‑¶‑m-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑v k‑z-t‑Zi‑w h‑n-«‑v t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-¶‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ‑, c->‑v {‑K‑m-a-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑m‑w-k‑v-¡‑mc‑n-I‑m-´-c‑o-£‑w C-¶-t‑¯-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w `‑n-¶-a‑m-I‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑ a‑u-eh‑n h‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¯ I‑q-«‑p-I‑mc-\‑p‑w k-l-]‑m-T‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ kÀ-¡‑mÀ-]-Å‑n¡‑q-S-¯‑nÂ A-©‑m‑w X-c-¯‑nÂ H-¶‑n-¨‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m-s‑\-¯‑n-b I‑m-e‑w s‑X‑m-«‑v A-X‑y-´‑w A-K‑m-[-a‑m-b B k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w a‑u-e-h‑n a-c‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v h-s‑c H-t‑c D‑u-j‑v-a‑m-h‑nÂ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p A-`‑n-c‑ma-k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w h‑n-L‑v-\‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑nÃ‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ R-§-s‑f‑ms‑¡-b‑p‑w C-¶‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-P-IÄ. A-[‑y‑m-]-I- ]-c‑n-i‑o-e-\‑w ]‑qÀ¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b h‑m-¸ Z‑oÀ-L-a‑mÀ-¶ a‑p-¸-¯‑n-b-©‑p hÀ-j-s‑¯ t‑k-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]n.-Sn. Ip-ªm-en tN-µ-aw-K-eqÀ F-gp-¯p-Imc³ dn«. A-[ym-]I³

h-\-I‑m-e-¯‑nÂ a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-hÀ-j-§-f‑p‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ t‑Z-i-¯‑n-e‑mW‑v. A-h-k‑m-\‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-S‑p¯‑q¬ ]-ä‑n-¸‑n-c‑n-ª-X‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p X-s‑¶. h‑m-¸ h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p s‑I‑m-s‑>‑ms‑¡-b‑m-I‑m‑w h‑mÀ-²-I‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S-X‑ns‑â k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-s‑s‑h-h-i‑y-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w h-g‑p-X‑nt‑¸‑m-b I‑m-e-¯‑v A-t‑±-l‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-\‑p-k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n hÀ-¯a‑m-\‑w ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑p‑w C‑u I‑p-e‑o-\-X-b‑mÀ-¶ {‑K‑m-a-s‑¯-{‑]-X‑n X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-t‑Z-i-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_N-c‑n-{‑X-§-f‑p‑w X‑m-h-g‑n-s‑¸-c‑p-¡-§-f‑p‑w C-{‑X-b‑p‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ H-c‑p ]-t‑£ h‑m-¸-t‑b‑m-f‑w B \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v I-g‑n-t‑ª¡‑n-Ã. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§Ä‑, A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-h‑m-l-_Ô-§Ä‑, A-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e¯‑n-b-X‑n-s‑â N-c‑n-{‑X-§Ä‑, I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-t‑h-c‑p-IÄ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑n-s‑â- H-s‑¡-b‑p‑w H-c‑p F-©‑p-h-S‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n-b‑m-f‑p-IÄ A-h-c‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-N-c‑n-{‑X-k‑q-£‑v-a-§Ä t‑X-S‑n h‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-t‑¯-¡‑v h-c‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-k‑p-J-_‑m-[‑n-X-\‑m-b‑n I‑n-S-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v h‑m-¸s‑b I‑m-W‑m³ t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å-X‑n-

t‑\-¡‑mÄ I‑q-S‑p-XÂ k-µÀ-i-Is‑c-¯‑n-b-X‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p X-s‑¶. C-§-s‑\ I‑r-X‑y-Xb‑mÀ-¶ C-S-t‑h-f-I-f‑nÂ C-¯-c‑w k-µÀ-i-\-¯‑n-s‑\-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶‑v R-§-f-d‑n-b‑p-¶ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mc-I-¯‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑nb‑mÀ a-I³ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. h‑m-¸ a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v G-X‑m->‑v H-c‑p a‑m-k‑w a‑p-¼‑m-h‑p‑w ]-X‑n-h‑pt‑]‑m-s‑e F‑w.-F. h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. A-¶‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯-s‑¶ t‑I‑m-b‑m³-«‑n-¡-b‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑v. A-X-§‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑m h-c-h‑v. H-ä¡-Ã. H-¶‑p-I‑nÂ t‑I‑m-b‑m³-«‑n-¡ A-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ s‑N-d‑n-b a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-¡. C-hÀ c->‑p t‑]-c‑p‑w h‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v h-f-s‑c {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-hÀ X-s‑¶-b‑mW‑v. t‑I‑m-e‑m-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w C-hÀ D-d-s‑¡ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶‑, A-I-¯‑v h‑m-¸ I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ A-\‑mÀ-`‑m-S-a‑mÀ-¶ a‑p-d‑n-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v I-b-d‑n. A-X‑n-\-hÀ-s‑¡-¶-Ã‑, G-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑p->‑v. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w h‑m-

hym-]m-cn hy-h-km-bn G-tIm-]-\ k-an-Xn ap³ kwØm-\ sk-{I«-dn sI. l-Ê-³ tIm-b-bp-sS IqsS... Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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¸-b‑p-s‑S h-Õ-e-i‑n-j‑y·‑mÀ. t‑]‑mc‑m-¯-X‑v D-½-b‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ. a-c-W-t‑\-c-¯‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h‑m-¸-b‑ps‑S H‑mÀ-½-t‑]-S-I‑w i‑q-e‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e A-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑v I‑qÀ-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-¶-h-s‑c h-f-s‑c s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v A-t‑±l‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑p. "M‑v-l‑m‑, a‑p-l-½-Z‑p‑w t‑I‑m-b‑m³«‑n-b‑p‑w A-t‑Ã-' F-g‑p-t‑¶-ä‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ D-Õ‑m-l‑n-¨ h‑m-¸-s‑b F‑w.-F. k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p. I-«‑n-Â C-d-¼‑n-e‑p‑w s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯‑p-Å I-t‑k-c-I-f‑n-e‑p-a‑mb‑n A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v C-c‑n-¡‑m³ h‑m-¸ \‑n-c-´-c‑w t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. c->‑p t‑]c‑p-a-h‑n-s‑S I‑q-\‑n-¡‑q-\‑n \‑n-¶-X-Ã‑ms‑X C-c‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-²‑n-¨-t‑X-b‑n-Ã. H-S‑p-h‑nÂ C-¯‑n-c‑n i‑m-k-\‑m-k‑z-c¯‑nÂ \‑nÀ-º-Ô‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-hc-h‑n-s‑S C-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n `‑m-h‑n-¨‑p. B I-«‑n-e‑n-d-¼‑nÂ a‑p-Å‑p-I-f‑p-ÅX‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, s‑]‑m-d‑p-X‑n I‑n-«‑m-s‑¯‑mc‑p C-c‑p-¯‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e kÀ-¡‑mÀh‑n-e‑m-k‑w ]-Å‑n-¡‑q-S-¯‑nÂ h‑m-¸ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑mW‑v A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ‑, a-I³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑\ ]T‑n-¸‑n-\‑v t‑NÀ-¯X‑v. A-¶‑v h‑m-¸-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑{‑X _‑m-e-\‑m-b a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑â ¢‑m-k[‑y‑m-]-I³. a-e-b‑m-f-h‑p‑w K-W‑n-Xi‑m-k‑v-{‑X-h‑p‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑p‑w C‑u K‑p-c‑p X-s‑¶. A-X‑v, c->‑ne‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ A-§-s‑\¯-s‑¶ X‑p-S-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. B I-S-¸‑m-S‑n-s‑â H-ä-b-S‑n-¸‑m-X-b‑p‑w t‑X-S‑n F-{‑X-t‑b‑m h-Õ-c-§Ä-¡‑v t‑i-j-h‑p‑w C‑u i‑n-j‑y³ K‑p-c‑p-h‑nt‑e-¡‑v k-©-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑ns‑â _-e-X-{‑´‑w a-s‑ä-´‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p \‑n-a‑n-j‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑q-s‑S B-t‑e‑m-N-\-I-f‑p-s‑S B-e-à‑nI -{‑]-h‑m-l‑w F-X‑r-b‑m-{‑X‑n-I-\‑m-b‑n. A-¯-c‑w k-µ‑n-K‑v-[-X-IÄ G-X‑v a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑n-e‑p‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w k‑w-`-h‑n¡‑p‑w. R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑m-¸ s‑I‑m-S‑n-

b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-t‑Z-i-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p s‑h-d‑p‑w {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-]-Å‑n-¡‑q-S-¯‑ns‑e X-e-a‑m-Ì-d‑m-b‑n A-S‑p-¯‑q¬ ]-ä‑n-b k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c³. A-¶‑v ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨ a-e-b‑m-f-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-IK-W‑n-X-h‑p-a-Ã‑, C-¶‑n-h‑n-s‑S h‑n-\‑oX-`‑m-h-¯‑nÂ \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-s‑Z-¶ k-¼-¶-\‑m-b h‑yh-k‑m-b-{‑]-a‑p-J-s‑\ c‑q-]-I-e‑v-]-\ s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. A-X‑p-d-¸‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â {‑K‑m-a-]-c‑na‑n-X‑n-I-s‑f k‑z-´‑w {‑]-X‑n-` s‑I‑m>‑v X-IÀ-¯‑v s‑s‑[-j-W‑n-I-h‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-h‑p-a‑m-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p a-l‑m-`‑q-J-Þ‑w k‑z-´-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b D-Õ‑m-l‑n-b‑p‑w D-t‑·j-h‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b H-c-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ B H-¶‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n. A-k‑m[‑m-c-W-X‑z-a‑mÀ-¶ B h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑nb‑p-s‑S h‑n-I‑m-k-]-c‑n-W‑m-a-¯‑nÂ h‑m-¸ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨ A-£-c-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-¡-§Ä-¡‑p‑w F-{‑X-t‑]‑m-c‑p‑w ]-¦‑p I‑m-W‑p‑w. C-¯‑n-c‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w. A-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ a‑p-¸-¯-©‑v h-Õ-c‑w \‑o-> B A-[‑y‑m-]-I-P‑o-h‑n-X¯‑nÂ B K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â a‑p-¶‑n-e‑qs‑S H-g‑p-I‑n-¡-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b ]-c-È-X‑w i‑n-j‑y-K-W-§-f‑nÂ a-l‑m-`‑q-c‑n-]£-h‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m. X‑oÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑p‑w B h-fÀ-¨ F‑w.F.-b‑p-t‑S-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v, K‑p-c‑p-h‑ns‑â-b-Ã. F-¶‑n-«‑p‑w ]>‑p ]-s‑>-t‑¶‑m X-s‑¶ A-£-c‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨ B h‑r²-K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â a‑p-¶‑n-e‑m-W‑v k‑m-a‑mt‑\‑y-\ h‑r-²³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-¯‑pS-§‑n-b C‑u i‑n-j‑y³ C-§-s‑\ h‑n-\‑o-X-\‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v. A-s‑X-´‑n\‑m-s‑W-¶-X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑n-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p h‑n-k‑v-a-b-a‑m-W‑v. a‑p-¸-¯-©‑v hÀ-j‑w \‑o-f-a‑mÀ-s‑¶‑m-c‑p A-[‑y‑m]-I-P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑p->‑v h‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v. i‑n-j‑y-k-l-{‑k-§Ä. A-h-c‑nÂ ]-e-c‑p‑w h‑m-¸-s‑b H‑mÀ-¡‑m-d‑p->‑v, k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S I‑m-W‑m-s‑\Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sIm-Sn-b-¯qcn-sâ {Km-a-]-cn-anXn-I-sf kz-´w {]-Xn-` sIm-@v X-IÀ-¯v ss[j-Wn-I-hpw km¼-¯n-I-hp-am-b a-säm-cp a-lm-`qJ-Þw kz-´s¸-Sp-¯n-b D-Õm-ln-bpw D-t·j-hm-\pam-b H-c-km-[mc-W-km-¶n-[y-ambn-cp-¶p Fw.-F. ap-l-½-Zv F-¶ B H-¶mw ¢m-kv hn-ZymÀ-°n.

¯‑m-d‑p->‑v. F-¶‑mÂ C-X‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e‑m-c‑p i‑n-j‑y³ X-s‑â k‑z-´‑w i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I-s‑s‑h-h-i‑y‑w h‑n-k‑v-a-c‑n-¨‑v I‑r-X‑y-X-b‑mÀ-¶ C-S-t‑h-f-I-f‑nÂ K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m-s‑\-¯‑p-¶-X‑v a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w C-t‑±-l‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. h-¶‑p-I-b-d‑n-b‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ C-b‑mÄ-¡‑v H-«‑p-t‑a X‑n-c-¡‑p-I-f‑n-Ã. F-{‑X t‑\-c-h‑p‑w B k‑w-K-a-lÀj-§Ä Z‑oÀ-L-a‑m-h‑p‑w. A-X‑nÂ K‑r-l‑m-X‑p-c-k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â N‑m-c‑p-X-b‑mÀ-¶ ]‑p-c‑m-h‑r-¯-§-f‑p‑w {‑K‑m-a‑o-W-P‑o-h‑nX-¯‑n-s‑â s‑]‑m³-{‑]-k-c-§-f‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, K-l-\-h‑p‑w k‑m-a‑m-\‑y‑w h‑n-h‑m-Z-]-c-h‑p-a‑m-b a-X-a‑o-a‑m‑w-kb‑p‑w NÀ-¨-b‑nÂ h-c‑p‑w. A-h-ch-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-t‑_‑m-[‑y-§-f‑nt‑e-¡‑v ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b‑n £-W‑w \-S-¯‑p‑w. I‑p-ª‑p-XÀ¡-§Ä [‑n-a‑n-[‑n-a‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w K‑p-c‑p-h-µ-\-¯‑n-s‑â ]-c-a‑m-h[‑n h‑n-\-b‑w h-g‑n-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p‑w. H-c‑p-\‑mÄ A-]-c‑m-Ó-¯‑nÂ K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑p-a‑p-ä-¯‑v h‑o->‑p-a‑m i‑n-j‑y-s‑â b-{‑´-h‑m-l-\‑w h-¶‑p\‑n-¶‑p. I‑q-s‑S ]-X‑n-h‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e t‑I‑m-b‑m³-«‑n¡-b‑p‑w. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v Z‑oÀ-L-a‑mÀ-¶

k-Xy-¯nÂ B tNm-Zy-¯n\p ap-¶nÂ Cu ]p-Xp-Im-eA-[ym-]-I³ Iq\n-t¸m-bn. C-Ã, C-§-s\-bp-Å H-cp in-jy-\pw Cu ]p-Xp-Im-eKp-cp-hn-s\-t¯Sn Po-hn-X-¯nsem-cn-¡-epw h-s¶-¯m³ H-cp km-[y-X -bp-an-Ã.

I‑p-i-e-h‑p‑w k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-¸-IÀ-¨-I-f‑p‑w. t‑\-c-t‑a-X‑m->‑n-c‑p-«‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑n. i‑nj‑yÀ b‑m-{‑X-]-d-ª‑v t‑]‑m-I‑m-s‑\‑mc‑p-§‑p-¶‑p. C-d-§‑m³ t‑\-c-¯‑v C‑u i‑n-j‑y³ s‑s‑I-s‑h-Å-b‑nÂ N‑p-c‑p-«‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ F-t‑´‑m I-S-e‑mÊ‑p-N‑p-c‑pÄ h‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S X-eb‑n-W-b‑v-¡-S‑p-¯‑v a-b-¯‑nÂ D-t‑]-£‑n-¡‑m³ I‑u-i-e-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w {‑i-a‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w B Z‑u-X‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-X‑m->‑v h‑n-Pb‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-s‑ª-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n. ]-t‑£‑, K‑p-c‑p A-X‑v F-f‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ I->‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w i‑nj‑y-s‑\ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p: "-a‑p-l-½t‑Z‑, C-h‑n-s‑S h‑m.' G-s‑d h‑n-\-b‑w X‑p-f‑p-¼‑p-s‑¶‑m-c‑p i-c‑o-c-`‑m-j-t‑b‑ms‑S B i‑n-j‑y³ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-¶‑p. A-b‑m-f-h‑n-s‑S D-t‑]-£‑n-¨‑p I-S¶‑p-I-f-b‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¨ I-S-e‑m-Ê‑pN‑p-c‑pÄ h‑m-¸ s‑s‑I-b‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑p. h‑m-¸ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑\-¶ X-s‑â ]-g-b i‑n-j‑y-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v. ]->‑v k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¯ I‑m-e-t‑¯ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p ]-X‑n-ª t‑]-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-a-X‑v. "-a‑p-l-½-t‑Z‑, C-X-t‑§‑m-«‑v F-S‑pt‑¯‑m‑, F-\‑n-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ C-X‑ns‑â-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w H-c‑m-h-i‑y-h‑p-a‑n-Ã.

Imen¡-äv ssSÂ am-\p-^m-Iv-tN-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ ap³ {]-kn-Uâp-am-cm-bncp-¶ sI.hn. A-h-dm³ Ip-«n lmPn, F³. lp-Ê³-Ip-«n-lm-Pn Xp-S-§nb-h-tcm-sSm¸w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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s‑]³-j-\‑p->‑v, a-¡-s‑f‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w \-Ã Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-X‑v t‑h->. B-hi‑y-a‑p-Å-hÀ t‑h-s‑d-b‑p->‑m-h‑p‑w‑, A-hÀ-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-t‑¯‑m.' B I-S-e‑m-Ê‑p-N‑p-c‑p-f‑p-IÄ h‑m-¸ X‑n-c‑n¨‑p \‑o-«‑n. A-t‑¸‑mÄ B h‑n-\‑o-X-i‑n-j‑y-s‑â a‑p-J-¯‑v h‑n-j‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑â i‑n-i‑n-c‑w I-\-¯‑p. A-b‑mÄ H-¶‑m‑w X-c-¯‑nÂ ]T‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ ]-g-b h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-b‑m-b‑n c‑q-]‑w a‑m-d‑n-b t‑]‑ms‑e. K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑â a‑p-¶‑nÂ A-h³ ]-c‑p-§‑n \‑n-¶‑p. F-¶‑n-«‑v ]-X‑n-t‑b ]-d-ª‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n: "-k‑mÀ-' A-§‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v, A-§‑n-s‑\ a‑m-{‑X-a‑mW‑v B i‑n-j‑y³ F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. "-k‑mÀ‑, A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w‑, X‑m-¦Ä-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ C-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w B-h-i‑ya‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v R‑m-\-d‑n-ª‑n-«‑p->‑v. I-g‑n-ª X-h-W R‑m³ J-¯-d‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ X‑m-¦-f‑p-s‑S C-f-b-a-I³ b‑q-\‑p-k‑n-s‑\ I->‑nc‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n-e‑p‑w R‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-b‑mÄ A-h‑n-s‑S F-§s‑\-s‑b‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. a-¡Ä X‑m-¦-s‑f h-f-s‑c \-¶‑m-b‑n {‑i-²‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑>-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡d‑n-b‑m‑w. X‑m-¦Ä H-c-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b-X‑v s‑I‑m->Ã R‑m-\‑n-X‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. F-s‑â H-c‑p k-t‑´‑m-j-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. Z-b-h‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-X-c-c‑p-X‑v.' C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \-c-I-b-d‑n-b‑, h‑mÀ-²-I‑y-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-S-¡‑p-¶ B a‑p-Jh‑p‑w `‑m-h-h‑p‑w t‑Z-l-`‑m-j-b‑p‑w H-c‑p H-¶‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑n-j‑v-¡-f-¦-Xb‑nÂ X-s‑¶ ]‑q-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p. "H‑m-t‑l‑m‑, A-§-s‑\-b‑m? F-¶‑mÂ A-X‑n-h‑n-s‑S-b‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m-s‑«-' F-¶‑m-b‑n K‑p-c‑p. A-t‑¸‑mÄ B A-c‑p-ai‑n-j‑y-s‑â a‑p-J-h‑n-k‑v-X‑r-X‑n-b‑nÂ B-ß-lÀj-¯‑n-s‑â a‑m³-t‑]-S-IÄ I‑p-X‑n-I‑p-¯‑n-¸‑mª‑p. C-hÀ ]-X‑n-t‑b ]-S‑n-b‑n-d-§‑n. A-hÀ h‑m-l-\‑w I-b-d‑n h‑n-Z‑q-c-X-b‑nÂ a-d-ª‑p. A-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑m-¸ k‑z-´‑w a-I-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¯‑n. F-¶‑n-«‑v k‑m-a‑m-\‑y-¯‑nt‑e-s‑d B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-t‑¯‑m-s‑S t‑N‑m-Z‑n¨‑p: "-\‑o-s‑b‑m-c-[‑y‑m-]-I-\-t‑Ã. F-s‑¶-¡‑mÄ

F-{‑X-t‑b‑m A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I-_‑n-c‑p-Z-§Ä t‑b‑m-K‑yX-b‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m->‑p-\-S-¡‑p-¶ A-[‑y‑m-]-I³. \‑n-s‑¶-¯‑n-c-ª‑v C-§-s‑\ h-c‑m³ a‑m-{‑X‑w {‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑p-Å i‑n-j‑y-c‑p-t‑>‑m \‑n-\-¡‑v?' k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ B t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p-¶‑nÂ C‑u ]‑p-X‑p-I‑m-e-A-[‑y‑m-]-I³ I‑q-\‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n. C-Ã‑, C-§-s‑\-b‑p-Å H-c‑p i‑n-j‑y-\‑p‑w C‑u ]‑p-X‑p-I‑m-e-K‑p-c‑p-h‑n-s‑\-t‑¯-S‑n P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑ns‑e‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w h-s‑¶-¯‑m³ H-c‑p k‑m-[‑yX-b‑p-a‑n-Ã. I‑m-c-W‑w A-§-s‑\-b‑p-Å K‑p-c‑p]‑p-W‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-e‑w I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. C-¶‑p-Å-X‑v K‑p-c‑p-h-Ã. ]-I-c‑w a‑m-j‑v-a‑m-c‑m-W‑v. a‑m-j‑v-a‑m-c‑p-s‑S P-\‑p-Ê‑v t‑h-s‑d-b‑m-W‑v. A-hÀ P-\‑n-X-I-h‑y-X‑n-b‑m-\‑w h-¶ K‑p-c‑p-¡-·‑m-c‑mW‑v. i‑n-j‑yÀ s‑h-d‑p-s‑X k‑w-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X-Ã. K‑p-c‑p k‑w-`-h-a‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v i‑n-j‑y³ k‑w-`h‑n-¡‑p-I. A-X‑p‑w C-¯-c‑w A-]‑qÀ-Æ-i‑n-j‑y·‑mÀ. C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-I‑m‑w h‑m-¸ X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X¯‑n-s‑e A-]-c‑m-Ó-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-b‑m-Ó-¯‑ne‑p‑w c-a‑n-¨‑p-I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶ k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-t‑e‑m-I‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-t‑â-X‑m-I‑m³ I‑m-c-W-h‑p‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑p I-s‑>-S‑p-t‑¯‑m-a-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑p-s‑S a-b-a‑p-Å a-b‑nÂ-¸‑o-e‑n-¯‑p>‑p-IÄ. A-X‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-¡‑m-e-¯‑nt‑e-¡‑v k-©‑m-c‑w t‑]‑m-h‑m-\‑p‑w A-¶-t‑±-l¯‑n-t‑\-s‑d D-Õ‑m-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑e h‑n-k‑v-a-b‑w ]‑q-¡‑p-¶ H-c-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w a-b‑nÂ¸‑o-e‑n-¯‑p->‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.F. a‑p-l-½-s‑Z-¶ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³. h‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« a‑p-l-½-Z‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-ambpw DtZym-K-Ø-cp-ambpw {]iv\-§Ä kwkm-cn-¡p¶ ka-b¯v Fw.-F. Bbn-cp¶p ]pXnb \nÀt±-i-§-fp-ambn hcm-dp-@m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. hfsc ]Iz-X-tbm-sSbpw hn\-b-t¯m-sSbpw Imcy-§Ä At±lw sXmgn-emfnt\Xm-¡-·m-scbpw DtZym-K-Ø-scbpw ]dªv a\-Ên-em-¡pw.

Rm-\-dn-bp-¶ Fw.-F.

G F³.-kn. A-Ðp-Ã-tIm-b sIm-f-¯-d U-b-dÎÀ, N.C.K. Sqdn-Ìv tlmw, CTMAbpsS ap³ P\dÂ sk{I«dn

-I-t‑Z-i‑w 40 hÀ-j-§Ä¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v, I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑mÂ 1978-79 I‑m-e-L«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ c->£-c-¯‑n-e-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ h‑y-à‑n-s‑b R‑m³ ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸S‑p-¶-X‑v. F-s‑â ^‑m-a‑n-e‑n-{‑K‑q-¸‑v Ø‑m-]-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-f-¯d-b‑n-s‑e \‑m-j-\Â s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v F-¶ I-¼-\‑n-¡‑v A-¶‑v e-`‑n¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶ kÀ-¡‑mÀ h-I a-c-¯‑n-s‑â I‑z‑m-« A-t‑e‑m-«‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v ]‑m-e-¡‑m-s‑« s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n s‑d-b‑v-©‑nÂ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S A-½‑m-h³ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ l‑m-P‑nb‑p-s‑S a-I-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑m-b‑, F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â a-I³ t‑I‑mb-¡‑p-«‑n-b‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, ] T-\-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑nÂ F-¯‑n-s‑¸-«‑, R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-¸‑v-b‑m-{‑X. F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-I³ F‑w.-F. A-k‑o-k‑v-¡Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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(aÀ-l‑q‑w‑)b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-¶-s‑¯ I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e t‑P‑m-e‑n-IÄ-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w t‑\X‑r-X‑z‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô‑w R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-§Ä a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-h‑m³ G-s‑d k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p. F-s‑â a‑q-¯ t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ ]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b F³.-k‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-{‑]I‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n-b‑ns‑e F‑w.-F.b‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å I‑q-¸‑v hÀ-¡‑v X‑p-S-§‑m³ C-S-b‑m-b-X‑v. C‑u \-Ã X‑p-S-¡‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. ^‑m-a‑ne‑n {‑K‑q-¸‑p-a‑m-b‑n \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p k‑v-t‑\-l-_Ô‑w D-S-s‑e-S‑p-¡‑m³ \‑n-a‑n-¯-a‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. F-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v a‑q-¯ k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1950Â D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ t‑\-j-\Â s‑s‑SÂ hÀ-¡‑v-k‑v F-¶ Ø‑m-]-\‑w R-§Ä B-d‑v k-t‑l‑m-Z-c·‑mÀ t‑NÀ-¶‑v s‑I‑m-f-¯-d-b‑nÂ \-Ã \‑n-e-b‑nÂ \-S-¯‑n-h-c‑n-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â a‑q-¯ k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F³.-k‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n-l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑i-a-¯‑n-s‑â ^-e-a‑m-b‑n 1982Â‑, A-X‑p-h-s‑c a-c-

h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w F-t‑Ì-ä‑n-e‑p‑w {‑i-² t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. {‑K‑q-¸‑v, I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼\‑n F-¶ ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e G-ä-h‑p‑w ]‑p-c‑m-X-\-a‑m-b H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n G-s‑äS‑p-¡‑m³ k‑m-l-N-c‑y-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. C‑u Ø‑m-]-\-s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä‑w k‑m-²‑y-a‑m-b-X‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vTs‑â-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑m-b {‑i-a-^-e-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\ F‑w.-F.{‑K‑q-¸‑v, F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑nÂ ]-¡‑m h‑y-h-k‑mb‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³‑, a-I³ ]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-¶‑v I-¼-\‑n-s‑b \‑n-b-{‑´‑n¨‑p t‑]‑m-¶‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. F-s‑â-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v-{‑K‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ k‑u-a‑y-\‑p‑w i‑m´-k‑z-`‑m-h-¡‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b B a-\‑p-j‑y³ I-S-¶‑p-h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e a-ä‑p-Å H‑m-S‑p-h‑y-hk‑m-b‑n-IÄ-¡‑v H-c‑p t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-s‑b I‑n-«‑n-b {‑]-X‑o-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H‑m-S‑vh‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ A-¡‑m-e§-f‑nÂ {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä X‑p-t‑e‑m‑w I‑p-

d-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ 90--IÄ B-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑aJ-e-b‑nÂ \‑n-c-´-c‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä D>‑m-b‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 90Â "-I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑vN-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j³' (C.T.M.A.) F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v-t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v t‑a-J-eb‑n-s‑e H‑m-S‑v-h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-IÄ H-c‑p k‑w-L-S-\ c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ F³.-k‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n {‑]-k‑n-U-â‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I-½‑nä‑n-¡‑v D-]-t‑Z-i-\‑nÀ-t‑±-i-§Ä \-e‑v-I‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ a‑m-\‑y-t‑Z-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1990þ2000 I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑nÂ H‑mS‑v-h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n k-a-c-§s‑f A-X‑n-P‑o-h‑n-¨‑m-W‑v a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-If‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v F‑w.-F. B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n h-c‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. h-f-s‑c ]-I‑z-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w h‑n-\-b-t‑¯‑ms‑S-b‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-t‑±-l‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-t‑\-X‑m-¡-·‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-s‑c-b‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑v a-\-

ssSÂ am-\p-^m-Iv-tN-gv-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ `m-c-hm-ln-Ifm-b F³.kn. A-ÐpÃt¡m-b, ]n. ap-l-½Zv (am-\p lm-Pn), bp. cm-Pv-Ip-amÀ F-¶n-h-tcm-sSm-¸w... Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Ir-Xy-\n-jvT-bpw s]-cp-am-ä-hpw k-ao-]-\-co-Xnbpw sIm-@v G-sXm-cp a-\p-jy-s\-bpw B-IÀ-jn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-am-bncp-¶ B ku-ay-a-\-Ên-s\ HmÀ-½-bnÂ C-¶pw kq-£n-¡p-¶p.

Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p‑w. F-¶‑mÂ N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑m-¯ I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑b‑m-K-¯‑nÂ X-s‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑v {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑p‑w I‑m-W-s‑¸-«‑n«‑p->‑v. C.T.M.A.b‑p-s‑S `‑m-c-h‑m-l‑n-b‑mb‑n h-f-s‑c-¡‑m-e‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ F-\‑n-¡‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S a‑mÀ-¤-\‑nÀ-t‑±i-§Ä K‑p-W-I-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. k‑z-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e A‑w-K-§-s‑ft‑¸‑m-s‑e-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-s‑¶-b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I>‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p‑w A-§-s‑\¯-s‑¶-. 1996Â F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â a-cW-s‑¯-¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑v C.T.M.A. s‑bb‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-s‑b-b‑p‑w \-b‑n¡‑m³ F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S s‑I.-h‑n. A-h-d‑m³-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n‑, ]‑n.-F. l-a‑oZ‑v‑, F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³‑, c‑m-P‑v-I‑pa‑mÀ‑, h‑n-M‑v-I-a‑m³-UÀ N-{‑µ-t‑i-JÀ‑, t‑K‑m-]‑n-\‑m-Y‑v F-¶‑n-h-c-S-§‑p-¶ H-c‑p k‑w-L‑w X-s‑¶ R-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S‑m-¶‑n¨‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v Ø‑n-c-X‑m-a-k-a‑m¡‑n-b F‑w.-F.‑, t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§Ä-¡‑p‑w R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-\‑n-c-X-\‑m-b‑n D>‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑n-¶‑ms‑e s‑^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹ F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v DÂ-]‑m-Z-\‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶ I-¼-\‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑n-s‑â I‑o-g‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑pI-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. C‑u I‑m-ä-K-d‑n-b‑n-s‑e H-c‑p h-e‑n-b b‑q-\‑n-ä‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p Ø-e-§f‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-t‑Ì-ä‑p-I-f‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.{‑K‑q-¸‑n-\‑v F‑w.-F. a‑n-I-¨ H-c‑p ¹‑mâ-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑âh‑o-£-W-§-s‑f C-§-s‑\ t‑{‑I‑m-U‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m‑w: l _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ e‑m-`‑w I‑mW‑m-s‑X h-c‑n-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-X‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 40

a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑m³ {‑i-a‑n¡-c‑p-X‑v, A-X‑v I‑q-S‑p-XÂ \-ã-¯‑n\‑n-S-b‑m-¡‑p‑w. l a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑n-s‑e s‑{‑S³-U‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑n I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e DÂ-¸-¶§-f‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â h‑n-e-b‑p‑w \‑n-Ps‑¸-S‑p-¯-W‑w. l DÂ-]‑m-Z-\‑w I‑p-d-ª‑mÂ‑, hÀ-¡‑v-t‑e‑m-U‑v X‑o-s‑c I‑p-d-h‑m-b s‑s‑SÂ- h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑â A-h-Ø t‑a‑m-i-a‑m-I‑p‑w. H‑m-S‑v- h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑w t‑I-c-f¯‑nÂ‑, {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑v DÂ-]‑mZ-\-s‑¨-e-h‑v I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑p-Å ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ‑, a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-h‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v F‑w.-F. ]-e-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w k‑q-N-\ \-e‑v-I‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. R-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â s‑]-s‑«-¶‑p->‑m-b \‑n-c‑y‑m-W‑w C‑u h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑rX‑z-s‑¯ s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v ]‑n-t‑¶‑m-«-S‑n-¸‑ns‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F. F-¶ I‑m-cW-hÀ ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d-b‑nÂ-s‑¸-« F-s‑¶-t‑¸‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑p‑w‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K§Ä-s‑¡-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e-¯-s‑¶‑, i-c‑n-b‑m-b a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-i‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-`h‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-¯ B {‑]-t‑X‑yI-k‑z-`‑m-h-K‑p-W‑w t‑\-c‑n-«-d‑n-b‑m³ `‑m-K‑y-a‑p->‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b‑mW‑v R‑m³. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w‑, I-g‑n-ª a‑q-¶-c ]-X‑n-ä‑m->‑n-e-[‑nI-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑X k‑v-t‑\-l-_-Ô‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n h-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p I‑p-S‑p‑w_-a‑m-W‑v R-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑v. I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑mI‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑nÂ s‑s‑SÂ t‑a-J-eb‑n-s‑e k‑o-\‑n-bÀ h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-IÄ¡‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j-s‑â h-I H-c‑p B-Z-c-h‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. 2002Â C.T.M.A. H-c‑p-¡‑n-b ]-c‑n]‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶

h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑m-b {‑i‑o. t‑Zh-Z‑m-k‑v B-t‑d‑m¬ (h-f-]-«W‑w s‑s‑SÂ hÀ-¡‑v-k‑v)‑, {‑i‑o. a‑m-\‑p-l‑m-P‑n F-¶ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v (l‑nÂ-t‑S‑m-¸‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n‑, c‑m-a-\‑m-«‑p-I-c‑)‑, {‑i‑o. F‑w.-F. a‑pl-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v (I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n‑) F-¶‑n-h-s‑c \‑n-d-ª k-Z-Ê‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑ms‑I B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. {‑]-a‑p-J h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w ]‑n.s‑I.-{‑K‑q-¸‑v s‑N-bÀ-a‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b ]‑n.-s‑I. A-l‑v-a-Z‑v a‑p-J‑y‑m-X‑n-Y‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¸-s‑S \‑n-c-h-[‑n t‑]À ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑p. a‑q-¶‑p t‑]-s‑c-b‑p‑w k‑w-L-S-\-b‑v-¡‑p t‑h->‑n s‑a‑ms‑a-t‑â‑m \-e‑v-I‑n B-Z-c‑n-¨‑p. X‑o-s‑c £‑o-W‑n-X-\‑m-b‑n‑, a-cW-¯‑n-\‑v ]-¯‑v Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v F-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-s‑\ s‑a-b‑v{‑X‑m t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ I‑m-W‑n¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, a-I³ \‑m-k-d‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d I->‑p X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ F‑w.F.s‑b t‑e‑m-_‑n-b‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑p R‑m-\‑p‑w F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ a-c-¡‑mÀ l‑m-P‑n-b‑p‑w I->‑v I‑p-i-e‑w ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w C-c‑ph-c‑p‑w B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-I‑m-c‑y-§Ä X‑n-c-¡‑p-I-b‑p-‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p>‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ½-b‑n-e‑p-Å A-h-k‑m-\-s‑¯ I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w A-s‑X-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑v H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. I‑r-X‑y-\‑n-j‑vT-b‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-äh‑p‑w k-a‑o-]-\-c‑o-X‑n-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m>‑v G-s‑X‑m-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\-b‑p‑w B-IÀ-j‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶ B k‑u-a‑y-a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ C-¶‑p‑w k‑q£‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-¸¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ F‑w.-F.b‑p-a‑mb‑n C-S-]-g-I‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w

e-`‑n-¨-X‑v C-¶‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑e t‑h-d‑n-« A-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-b‑n R‑m³ I-W-¡‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.¡‑m-c-\-Ã‑m-¯ F‑w.-F. X-s‑â \‑m-S‑n-\‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-\‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w D‑u-j‑v-a-f-a‑m-b a-c‑n-¡‑m-¯ H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w‑, {‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\-h‑p‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑p‑w I‑q-S‑m-s‑X h‑y-h-k‑mb-]-c-a‑m-b‑n a-ä‑p Ø-e-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-¶ C‑u k‑u-a‑y-h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w h-fÀ-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶ X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v A-\‑p-I-c‑n-¡‑m-h‑p-¶ H-c‑p a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-W‑v. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§-s‑f-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p I‑p-S-¡‑og‑nÂ \‑nÀ-¯‑n k‑w-c-£‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-¶ H-c‑p b-Y‑mÀ-° I‑pS‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c-W-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mc‑p‑w h‑o-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ F‑w.-F. F-¶‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w A-t‑X A-£-c-§-f‑nÂ k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-¿‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-ã‑w. kÀ-Æ-i-à³ X‑p-W-¡-s‑«. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 41

The Legend with Golden Hands

M.A. K.K. Vijayan Vijayaprakash Industrials, Kozhikode

Mohammed began his career with woods. He believed in the saying ‘Wood is Good’. Yes, wood was truly good for him. He traded with, participated in wood auctions and made his pile of money. When he had mastered the wood trade he set his eyes on the Tile Industry which was at its economically worst. The industry was finding it difficult to survive. It was at this point of the time that the visionary decided to take over the ‘The Calicut Tile Factory’. He had already researched and analyzed its failure. Modernisation was his style of operation. Having found a viable solution, he decided to have newer and newer clay products to the market, for which he contactFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 42

ed us and discussed the matter in detail. It was indeed an occasion for us and we fabricated for him mechanism for making hollow blocks, different types of ventilators and different types of tiles. He wanted the renovation to be completed at the earliest. In fact we took only 3 days to replace the existing old machinery and erect new ones instead. It was a Herculean task by any standards. I noticed that in one Pan Mill there was the accumulation of clay as the scrapper was performing erratically which led to sarcastic laughter from the workers. But Mr. Mohammed consoled me by patting on my shoulders and told me not to be worried as it was only a trial run. With simple modification we were

able to solve the problem and the Tile Industry reached greater height of glory that he took over Hindustan Tiles and Malanadu Tiles in Wayanad with which he made different clay products. Next he put his hand in to the Plywood Industry and established plywood industry at Karad with which he found it difficult to compete with foreign marketers in Malabar. When he found it going difficult he soon shifted the factory to Perumbavoor where it was a grand success. At a time when the construction industry was finding it difficult to run due to the scarcity of materials he came out with a solution by establishing stone crushers at several places in Kerala and Karnataka. All of which were

insufficient to meet the growing demands. We pay rich tributes and homage to this great visionary who with his golden hands was able to make all of his successful. It was greatly because of benevolence. Whenever he was in the factory and free he made it a point to chat with his workers and enquired about their personal problems and family. We had a very special relationship with him as he found time to discuss with all his technical problems and together we could arrive at solution for his vexing problem. His generosity and kindness were so great that we were always a part of him.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 43

At a time when the construction industry was finding it difficult to run due to the scarcity of materials he came out with a solution by establishing stone crushers at several places in Kerala and Karnataka.

Hm-Sv hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v DuÀ-Öw ]-IÀ-¶ km-c-Yn

t‑e‑m \m-c-§-bnÂ i-in-[-c³ _n.Fw.Fkv. sXm-gn-em-fn kwL-S-\ t\-Xmhv

-I-{‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b H-c‑p `‑q-X-I‑m-e-N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑mW‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑mb-¯‑n-\‑p-Å-X‑v. A-X‑n-s‑â H-c‑p \-Ã I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v, a‑q-¶c-¸-X‑n-ä‑m->‑v a‑p-¼‑v 1982 s‑^-{‑_h-c‑n-b‑nÂ‑, {‑i‑o. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶‑v t‑]-c‑p-Å‑, b‑p-h-X‑z‑w h‑n-«‑p-a‑md‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â I-c‑p-¯‑p‑w t‑X-P-Ê‑p‑w a‑p-J-¯‑v X‑n-f-§‑p-¶‑, A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z-b‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e {‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-b I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑m-c-Y‑y‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p¡‑m³ h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e a-e-t‑b‑m-c-{‑K‑m-a-a‑m-b s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]-©‑m-b-¯‑nÂ ]‑n-d-¶ F‑w.-F.¡‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S-t‑§‑m«‑p-Å P-\-k-½-X‑n-b‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I‑mc-h‑p‑w A-X‑n-c‑p I-h‑n-ª-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. X-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-l-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-s‑c-b‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-lh‑m-b‑v-t‑]‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â C-S-s‑]-S-e‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z-´-a‑m-¡‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑w \-S-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n D->‑m-I‑m-d‑p-Å s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w XÀ-¡§-f‑n-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p A-h-k‑m-\-h‑m-¡‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w C-c‑p-h‑n-`‑m-K-§Ä-¡‑p‑w k‑z‑o-I‑m-c‑y-a‑mb‑n XÀ-¡‑w ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑m-d‑mW‑v ]-X‑n-h‑v. G-X‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S NÀ-¨-b‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X I‑mg‑v-N-¸‑m-S‑v A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v, B h‑o-£-W-¯‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v \-b‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑v, h‑n-P-b‑n-¸‑n-s‑¨-S‑p¡‑p-¶ k-h‑n-t‑i-j-a‑m-b H-c‑p h‑yà‑n-X‑z‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑nÂ H-f‑n-ª‑nc‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 44

H‑m-S‑v-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-b‑v-¡‑v H-c‑p Z‑n-i‑m-t‑_‑m-[‑w \-e‑v-I‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â A-\-\‑y-k‑m-[‑mc-W-a‑m-b t‑\-X‑r-]‑m-S-h-¯‑n-\‑v I-g‑n-ª‑p F-¶-X‑v C-h‑n-s‑S k‑m£‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. {‑i‑o. F‑w.F.-b‑p-s‑S h-c-t‑h‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n ]‑n-¶‑oS-t‑§‑m-«‑v C‑u {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑p-Å H‑m-t‑c‑m Ø‑m-]-\-h‑p‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p¡‑m³ ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-IÄ I-S-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-X‑v. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v, s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-{‑]-Ø‑m-\-§Ä-¡‑v i-à-a‑m-b t‑h-t‑c‑m-«-a‑p-Å C‑u t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ‑, i-¼-f-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-h‑nÂ h-¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w D-S-a-If‑p‑w c->‑p k‑w-L-S-\‑m-t‑N-c‑n-b‑mb‑n \‑n-e-b‑p-d-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v C‑u h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑v c-£‑m-I-h-N‑w H-c‑p-¡‑n‑, G-I-t‑Z-i‑w I‑mÂ \‑q-ä‑mt‑>‑m-f‑w k‑p-hÀ-®-I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑ne‑q-s‑S I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. F-¶‑mÂ hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑nÂ D-b‑nÀs‑¯-g‑p-t‑¶-Â¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯h‑n-[‑w N‑n-e-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w A-S-¨‑p-]‑q-«‑n¡-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-h-t‑i-j‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑y-h-k‑mb-§Ä \-Ã-\‑n-e-b‑nÂ e-£‑y¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å I‑q-«‑m-b ]-c‑n-{‑i-a-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. \-s‑½ h‑n-«‑p-]‑n-c‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑hÀ-]‑mS‑v F-¶-X‑v P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â H-c‑p c-k-X-{‑´-a‑m-b-X‑n-\‑mÂ A-X‑n\‑v h-g‑n-a‑m-d‑n‑, B {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-X-X‑z‑w \-½Ä A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-s‑h-¨ B Z‑o-]‑v-Xa‑m-b a‑mÀ-¤‑w \-a‑p-t‑¡-hÀ-¡‑p‑w a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-\-a‑m-h-s‑« F-¶‑v {‑]-X‑y‑mi‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

a-\p-jy-kv-t\-ln-bm-b H-cp hy-h-km-b -{]-ap-J³

F‑w

.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑ml‑n-_‑v a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑vt‑\-l‑n-b‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b-{‑]a‑p-J-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1982Â B-W‑v R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v. Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n ]‑q-«‑n-¡‑n-S-¶ I‑me‑n-¡-ä‑v H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e k-a-c‑w X‑oÀ-¯‑v A-t‑±-l‑w I-¼-\‑n G-s‑äS‑p-¯ k-µÀ-`‑w. I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\-k-t‑½-f-¯‑nÂ R‑m-\‑p‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S i-Ð-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑nÂ A-¶‑p R‑m³ {‑i-h‑n-¨-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w ]-c‑nK-W-\-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶‑v A-¶‑p X-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-a‑mb‑n s‑s‑h-I‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b A-S‑p-¯ _-Ô‑w F-\‑n-¡‑p->‑v. F-s‑â A-Ñ³ I‑p-«³ C‑u I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e s‑X‑m-f‑n-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-¼\‑n-b‑nÂ k-a-c‑w \-S-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ k-a-c-¯‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ A-Ñ-\‑v `-£-W-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-½ k-a-c-¸-´-e‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v A-½-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S R‑m-\‑p‑w I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. C‑u I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ I‑p-d-¨‑p-I‑m-e‑w s‑X‑m-

g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v A-h-k-c-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-¶‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑N-bÀ-a‑m³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v \-Ã h‑y-h-k‑m-b-A´-c‑o-£-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b I‑q-e‑n-b‑p‑w B-\‑p-I‑q-e‑y-§-f‑p‑w e-`-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w A‑w-K‑oI-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑p-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. h‑n-Z-K‑v-²-\‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. t‑I-c-f-¯‑ne‑p‑w IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p t‑Ìä‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑N-d‑p-X‑p‑w h-e‑p-X‑p-a‑m-b \‑n-c-h-[‑n h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§Ä A-t‑±l‑w X‑p-S-§‑n. h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§Ä \-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑nÂ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-a‑m-b H-c‑p I-g‑n-h‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u s‑s‑h-Z-K‑v-²‑y-a‑mW‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. H‑m-«‑p-s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v i-¼-fh‑y-h-Ø B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑nb-X‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ \-S-¯‑p-¶ s‑N-d‑p-h-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e Ì‑m³-t‑UÀ-U‑v H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. i-¼-f-h‑yh-Ø F-¶ B-i-b‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e-s‑¯ B-{‑Kl-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. i-¼-f-h‑y-h-Ø Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 45

]n-em-¡m-«v j¬-ap-J³, I-S-ep-ïn sXm-gn-em-fn kwL-S-\ t\-Xmhv

tI{µ K-h. I-fn-a-®n\v GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b FIv-ssk-kv Uyq-«n-¡v F-Xn-sc ^-tdm-¡v sd-bnÂ-sh kv-tä-j-\nÂ \-S-¶ s{S-bn³ X-S-bÂ kac¯nÂ Fw.F. ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ A-\n-b³ Fw.F. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ kw-km-cn-¡p¶p.

\-e‑v-I‑p-¶-X‑nÂ I-¼-\‑n D-S-a-IÄ¡‑v h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ i-¼-f-h‑y-h-Ø A-\‑ph-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑m-b \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑m-W‑v I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v I-¼-\‑n s‑N-bÀ-a‑m³ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v k‑z‑oI-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑p¶‑p. H-c‑p t‑{‑S-b‑v-U‑v b‑q-\‑n-b³ {‑]-hÀ¯-I³ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ ]-e k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I->‑n-«‑p->‑v. R‑m-\‑p‑w k-J‑m-h‑v I-Ã‑m-«‑v I‑r-j‑v-W-\‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n H-c‑n¡Â A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-X‑v H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. ‑"-s‑s‑SÂ G³-U‑v k‑n-d‑m-a‑n-I‑v-k‑v hÀ-t‑¡-g‑vk‑v b‑q-\‑n-b³' F.-s‑F.-S‑n.-b‑p.-k‑n. b‑p-s‑S c-P-X-P‑q-_‑n-e‑n k-t‑½-f-\¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ s‑k-a‑n-\‑m-d‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑p t‑h->‑n £-W‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Z‑oÀ-L-t‑\-c‑w A-t‑±-lh‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. t‑{‑S-b‑v-U‑v b‑q-\‑n-b-\‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-h‑p‑w k‑u-l‑r-Z-]‑qÀ-®-h‑p-a‑m-b \‑n-e-]‑mFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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S‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v F-¶‑v A-¶‑v R-§Ä-¡‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w k‑p-J-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X h‑n-{‑ia-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v ]-¶‑n-b¦-c-b‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I->‑n-«‑p->‑v. F-s‑â a-I-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-h‑m-l-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ R‑m³ £-W‑n-¨‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-k-t‑aX‑w h‑n-h‑m-l-¯‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯-X‑v R‑m³ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â N-c-a-h‑mÀ-¯ A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-b‑p‑w F-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-a‑m-b \-¼-b‑nÂ c‑m-P-\‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v. R‑m-\-t‑¸‑mÄ N‑m-¯-a‑w-K-e‑w {‑K‑m-a]-©‑m-b-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v {‑i-h‑n-¨-X‑v R‑m³ A-X‑o-h- Z‑p‑x-J-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑p-Å h-k-X‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n R‑m³ A-\‑p-t‑i‑m-N-\‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-bt‑a-J-e-b‑v-¡‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-k-a‑q-l¯‑n-\‑p‑w h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p \-ã-a‑m-W‑v D->‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

Cu kµÀ`-¯n-emWv kJmhv Nm¯p-®n-am-ÌÀ Fs¶ t^mWnÂ hnfn¨p ]d-bp-¶Xv: "sImSn-b-¯q-cnÂ Fw.-F. apl-½Zv F¶ Hcm-fp@v, ac-¯nsâ _nkn-\-ÊmWv, F\n¡v At±-ls¯ apt¼ Adnbmw, \Ã hyàn-bmWv, At±l-¯n\v Ien-¡äv ssSÂ I¼\n hm§-W-sa-¶p@-v, sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡v At±-l-s¯-s¡m@v _p²n-ap-s«m¶pw D@m-In-Ã.'

a-\p-jy- kv-t\-ln-bm-b H-cp hy-h-km-bn

1982

Â t‑_‑m-W-k‑v \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑¶X‑n-c‑m-b‑n ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑nÂ Ì‑m-t‑âÀU‑v s‑s‑SÂ hÀ-I‑v-k‑v H-g‑n-s‑I a-s‑ä-Ã‑m s‑s‑SÂ ^‑m-Î-d‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]-W‑n-a‑p-S-¡‑v k-a-c-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ ^‑m-Î-d‑n¡‑p-Å‑nÂ C-c‑p-¶‑m-W‑v k-a-c‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. C‑u k-µÀ`-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v k-J‑m-h‑v N‑m-¯‑p®‑n-a‑m-ÌÀ F-s‑¶ t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v: "-s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ H-c‑m-f‑p->‑v, a-c-¯‑n-s‑â _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑m-W‑v, F-\‑n-¡‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ a‑p-t‑¼ A-d‑n-b‑m‑w‑, \-Ã h‑y-à‑n-b‑m-W‑v, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§-W-s‑a-¶‑p->‑v, s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v A-t‑±-ls‑¯-s‑¡‑m->‑v _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-s‑«‑m-¶‑p‑w D>‑m-I‑n-Ã‑, ^‑m-Î-d‑n I‑m-W‑m³ A-h‑n-t‑S-¡‑v h-c‑p‑w‑, \‑n-§Ä ^‑m-Î-d‑n-¡‑p-Å‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-

b‑n F-Ã‑m‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑pI-b‑p‑w a-s‑ä-Ã‑m k-l‑m-b-§-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑hW‑w.' "-A-t‑±-l‑w h-c-s‑« R‑m³ F-Ã‑m k-l‑m-b-h‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑I‑mS‑p-¡‑m-w' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. A-§‑n-s‑\-b‑mW‑v R‑m³ B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ t‑]-c‑v t‑IÄ-¡‑p¶-X‑v. A-S‑p-¯-Z‑n-h-k‑w X-s‑¶ A-t‑±l‑w Ì‑m-t‑âÀ-U‑v s‑s‑SÂ-k‑n-s‑â H‑m-^‑o-k‑nÂ h-¶‑p. I‑m-c‑y-§Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w R‑m³ A-ht‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. A-h‑n-s‑S s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ‑, A-I-t‑¯-¡‑v I-S-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ h‑n-[‑w‑, s‑Kb‑v-ä‑nÂ s‑_-©‑n-«‑v C-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v I‑m-c‑y§Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. C-h-c‑p-s‑S h-c-h‑n-s‑â D-t‑±-i‑y-h‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 47

]n. kp-{_-Ò-Wy³ \m-bÀ sXm-gn-em-fn bq-Wnb³ t\-Xmhv

F-´‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w I-¼-\‑n-¡‑pÅ‑nÂ C-hÀ I-S-¶‑p I‑m-W-s‑« _‑m-¡‑n I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-d-b‑m‑w F-¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p‑, A-I-¯‑v I-S-¡‑m³ k‑u-I-c‑ya‑p->‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. ^‑m-Îd‑n-¡‑p-Å‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w N‑p-ä‑n-¡->‑p. ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w N‑p-ä‑p-]‑m-S‑p‑w A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑v C-ã-s‑¸-«‑p. R-§Ä ]‑p-d-¯‑p h-¶‑p. "-]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I‑mW‑m‑w-' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑v A-hÀ t‑]‑m-b‑n. C-{‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑p-Å a-ä‑p N‑n-e-c‑p‑w ^‑m-Î-d‑n h‑m-§‑m³ {‑i-a‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c->‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w I-g‑n-ª‑p ^‑m-Î-d‑n D-S-a {‑i‑o. i-¦-d‑n-s‑â ]‑n-X‑r-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-]‑p-{‑X-\‑p‑w Ì‑mt‑âÀ-U‑v s‑s‑SÂ-k‑n-s‑â U-b-d-Îd‑p-a‑m-b {‑i‑o. c-L‑p t‑h-W‑p-t‑K‑m]‑mÂ R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-i-¦À s‑N-s‑s‑¶-b‑nÂ D->‑v, \‑n-§-s‑f A-S‑n-b-´-c-a‑m-b‑p‑w I‑mW-W-‑w F-¶‑m-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p->‑v-.'

-F-\n-¡v A-hnsS h-¶v I-¼-\n \-S-¯m³ ]-än-Ã. A-Xp-sIm-@v hn-ev-¡m³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨n-cn¡-bm-Wv. ap-Xem-fn I-¼-\n hn-äp R-§Ä I-ã-¯n-em-bn F-¶v F-sâ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡v tXm-¶-cp-Xv. A-Xv F-\n-¡pw th-Z-\-bp-Å Im-cy-am-Wv.

R-§Ä B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑p‑, k-ac‑w \-S-¡‑p-¶ ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b-t‑Ã‑, a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨‑mÂ F-´‑m-b‑me‑p‑w t‑]‑m-I-W-a-t‑Ã‑m F-¶‑v I-c‑pX‑n R‑m-\‑p‑w N‑m-b‑n-¨³‑, ]‑n.-s‑I. t‑h-e‑m-b‑p-[³ F-¶‑n-h-c‑p‑w c-L‑p t‑h-W‑p-t‑K‑m-]‑m-e‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n s‑N-s‑s‑¶-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑p. s‑a-d‑o-\-_‑o-¨‑nÂ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b t‑e‑m-U‑v-P‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-a‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. R-§Ä A-h‑ns‑S s‑N-¶‑p-I->‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-F-\‑n-¡‑v A-h‑n-s‑S h-¶‑v I-¼-\‑n \-S-¯‑m³ ]-ä‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v h‑n-e‑v-¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑pa‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡-b‑m-W‑v. a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n I-¼-\‑n h‑n-ä‑p R-§Ä I-ã-¯‑ne‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v F-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-IÄ-¡‑v t‑X‑m-¶-c‑p-X‑v. A-X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w t‑h-Z-\-b‑p-Å I‑mc‑y-a‑m-W‑v. \‑n-§Ä Ì‑m-t‑âÀ-U‑v s‑s‑SÂ-k‑v \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p->-t‑Ã‑m. A-X‑v \-Ã \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v \-S-¡‑p-

Imen¡-äv ssSÂ I-¼-\n-bp-sS D-Zv-Lm-S-\-¯n-\p-Å £-W-¡-¯v (21 \-hw-_À 1982)

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 48

¶-s‑X-¶‑v R‑m-\-d‑n-ª‑p. C-X‑v I‑q-S‑n \‑n-§Ä \-S-¯‑n-s‑¡‑mÄ-I. \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c³ a‑p-l-½Z‑v F-¶-b‑mÄ h‑n-e ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p>‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑nÂ H-c‑p e-£‑w c‑q-]‑, s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑mb-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v, R‑m³ I‑p-d-¨‑p X-c‑m‑w.' t‑I-«-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§Ä-¡‑v h‑n-j-a‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n. a‑m-d‑n \‑n-¶‑mt‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑p. I-¼-\‑n-¡‑v b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p _‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p‑w C-Ã. ]‑p-d-s‑a-b‑p‑w k‑z-¯‑p-¡-f‑p‑w h‑o-S‑p‑w t‑I‑z‑mÀ-t‑«g‑v-k‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-a‑p->‑v. \-Ã H‑m-^d‑m-W‑v. ]-t‑£‑, s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ Ø‑m-]-\‑w \-S-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ K‑u-c-h-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-t‑W-> N‑n-e I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p->‑v. F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑N-d‑n-b t‑]‑m-c‑m-b‑v-a k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑mÂ A-X‑n-s‑â t‑Z‑m-j‑w a-s‑ä-Ã‑m ^‑m-Îd‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. C‑u I‑m-c‑y-§-s‑fÃ‑m‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v Ø‑m-]-\‑w \-S-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑p-t‑]‑mI‑m³ ]-ä‑m-h‑p-¶ t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w B Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n-e‑p-t‑>‑m F-¶‑p‑w D-d-¸‑n-Ã. ]‑p-d-s‑a \‑n-¶‑v h-Ã-h-c‑p‑w s‑N-¶‑v Ø‑m-]-\‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶X‑p‑w K‑p-W‑w s‑N-¿‑n-Ã. a‑m-{‑X-h‑pa-Ã‑, s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ Ø‑m-]-\‑w \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ B Ø‑m]-\-¯‑n-e‑p-Å-hÀ \-S-¯‑p-I-b-Ã‑ms‑X ]‑p-d-s‑a \‑n-¶‑v h-Ã-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑m³ s‑h-¡‑p-¶-X‑v `‑m-h‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑Z‑m-j-a‑p->‑m-¡‑ps‑a-¶‑v k: ]-ß-\‑m-t‑`-«-s‑â D-]t‑Z-i-h‑p-a‑p->‑v. Ì‑m-t‑âÀ-U‑v s‑s‑SÂk‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v k. ]-ß-\‑m-t‑`-«³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-¶‑v a‑p³-s‑s‑I F-S‑p-¯-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â [‑m-c-W i-c‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v k‑w-`-h-K-X‑n-IÄ h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ‑, I-¼-\‑n s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-IÄ G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w

C-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑n-e ]-d-ª F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-Ã a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑m-W‑v, A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-s‑¡‑m->‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-IÄ-¡‑v h‑n-j-a‑w H-¶‑p‑w h-c‑ns‑Ã-¶‑p‑w i-¦À-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-s‑b A-d‑nb‑n-¨‑p. A-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w s‑N-¿‑m-s‑a-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-h‑p‑w k-½-X‑n-¨‑p. R-§Ä X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§‑n-bX‑n-¶‑v t‑i-j‑w I-¼-\‑n-¡‑p-Å‑nÂ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¸‑n-¨‑v N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n-a‑m-ÌÀ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑p s‑I‑m->‑v H-c‑p ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n \-S-¯‑nb‑m-W‑v {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑i-j‑w I-g‑n-ª 37 hÀ-j-¡‑me‑w \-Ã s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n--s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑pS-a‑m-_-Ô‑w‑, I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]-g-b ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y‑w‑, \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-t‑¸‑m-c‑m³ A-t‑±-l¯‑n-¶‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p->‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S A-h-I‑m-i-§-f‑p‑w B-\‑p-I‑q-e‑y-§-f‑p‑w t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p¡‑m³ N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ ]-W‑n-a‑p-S-¡‑vk-a-c-§Ä A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑mÂ C-¯-c‑w k-µÀ-`-§f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑m-i‑n-t‑b‑m s‑s‑h-c‑m-K‑y-t‑a‑m I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-s‑X Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w t‑Z‑m-j‑w h-c‑m-s‑X {‑]-i‑v-\‑w ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m\‑p-Å ]-I‑z-X A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w C-S-s‑]-« a-ä‑p t‑a-Je-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-]‑qÀ-h-a‑m-b s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-a‑m-W‑p->‑m-b-X‑v. a-ä‑p-Åh-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑yX‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p¶-X‑p‑w A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F. C-t‑¸‑mÄ \-t‑½‑m-s‑S‑m¸-a‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X F-Ã‑m kÂ-¡À-½-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½b‑v-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ B-Z-c‑m-R‑v-P-e‑nIÄ AÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 49

sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS A-h-Im-i§-fpw B-\pIq-ey-§-fpw t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ Nn-e-t¸mÄ ]-Wnap-S-¡v-k-a-c-§Ä A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. F-¶mÂ C-¯cw k-µÀ-`-§-fnepw hm-in-tbm ssh-cm-Ky-tam Im-Wn-¡m-sX Øm-]-\-¯n¶pw sXm-gnem-fn-IÄ-¡pw tZm-jw h-cm-sX {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn¡m-\p-Å ]-Iz-X A-t±-l-¯n-\p@m-bn-cp-¶p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 50

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 51

]Ån¡v Bhiyamb apgph³ I«neIfpw tUmdpIfpw P\hmXnepIfpw s]mfnIfpw shâ nteädpIfpw At±lamWp \ÂInbXv. IqSmsX ]Ån tIm¼u@nÂ Ccp\ne sse{_dnsI«nShpw At±lw \nÀ½n¨p \ÂIpIbp@mbn.

aÀlqw Fw.F. apl½Zv kmln_v Hcp alXv hyIXnXzw

a sI.Fw AlvaZv tImb PnÃm AaoÀ AlvaZn¿m apkvenw PamA¯v, tImgnt¡mSv

À-l‑q‑w F‑w.F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v \-s‑½ h‑n-«‑p-]‑nc‑n-ª‑n-«‑v hÀ-j-§Ä-I-g‑n-ª‑ps‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X \-·-IÄ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-IÄ C-¶‑p‑w \-t‑½‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-\‑o-X-\‑v 1997 a‑p-XÂ X-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-S‑p-¯ _-Ô‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-h-c‑m³ A-Ã‑ml‑p X‑u-^‑o-J‑v \Â-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e J‑m-k‑n aÀ-l‑q‑w F‑w. F. A-_‑v-Z‑pÂ A-k‑o-k‑v- a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑q-¯ a-I-\‑m-b A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-S-¡¯‑nÂ ¹‑mâ-d‑m-b‑p‑w X-S‑n-h‑y‑m]‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑p‑w‑, F-k‑v-t‑ä-ä‑v D-S-ab‑m-b‑p‑w‑, s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v, s‑s‑SÂ \‑nÀ-½‑m-X‑m-h‑m-b‑p‑w‑, {‑I-jÀ b‑q-W‑n-ä‑v D-S-a-b‑m-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w k‑z-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ k‑z-{‑]-b-X‑v\-^-e-a‑m-b‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p h-¶‑p. F‑w.F F-¶ c->-£-c-¯‑nÂ t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ D-S-\‑o-f‑w A-d‑n-bs‑¸-S‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l‑w e‑m-f‑n-X‑y-¯‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 52

s‑â ]-c‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â-_‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-e‑p-Å I-g‑n-h‑p-I-s‑f B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑m-b‑n ]‑u-c-{‑]-a‑p-J-c‑p‑w h‑y‑m-]‑m-c‑n-k‑w-LS-\-I-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p t‑NÀ-¯ ]-e a‑o-ä‑n-§‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-\‑o-X\‑p‑w-]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑p-h‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w e-`‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X a‑o-ä‑n§‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w X-s‑¶- A-t‑±l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X {‑]-k‑w-K-§-f‑nÂ B-Z‑y-h-k‑m-\‑w X-\‑n-¡‑v _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑v I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ H-c‑p A-d‑n-h‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-]‑v-X‑n-b‑p‑w C-s‑Ã¶‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-e‑p-Å X-s‑â D-bÀ-¨- F-Ã‑m‑w kÀ-Æ-t‑e‑m-I {‑k-j‑v-S‑m-h‑m-b A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â A-]‑m-c-a‑m-b A-\‑p-{‑K-§Ä -H-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-Ã‑m-l‑ph‑nÂ A-{‑X-t‑aÂ D-d-¨ h‑n-i‑z‑mk-a‑p-Å H-c‑p "-C-_‑m-Z‑pÀ-d-l‑v-a‑m\‑m-‑'-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. X-s‑â D-bÀ-¨-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-s‑f-¡‑q-S‑n ]-¦‑m-f‑nI-f‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v- D-¯-a-a‑m-b

a‑m-X‑r-I -\‑n-e-\‑m-«‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w P-a‑m-A¯‑n-s‑â A-a‑oÀ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑p‑w P‑n-Ã‑m A-a‑oÀ F-¶-\‑n-e-b‑n-e‑p‑w F-Ã‑m ]‑p-X‑n-b k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑p‑w C‑u h‑n-\‑n-X-s‑\-s‑¡‑m->‑v Z‑p-Bs‑N-¿‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p k-a‑m-c‑w-`‑w I‑p-d‑n-¡‑m-d‑v. P-a‑m-A¯‑n-s‑e s‑N-d‑n-b-h-c‑p‑w h-e‑n-b-hc‑p-a‑m-b F-Ã‑m D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-·‑ms‑c-b‑p‑w X-s‑â `-h-\-a‑m-b F‑w.F h‑n-Ã‑m F-¶ _‑w-¥‑m-h‑nÂ s‑I‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n `-£-W‑w \Â-I‑n B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w X‑m-a-k‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑I-c-f‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸S‑p-I-b‑p‑w B-Z-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑, \‑n-c-h-[‑n `‑q-k‑z-¯‑p-¡f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w‑, F-k‑v-t‑ä-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w‑, s‑s‑SÂ ^‑m-I‑v-ä-d‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑ws‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-I‑v-ä-d‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w‑, {‑I-jÀ b‑q-W‑n-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w D-S-a-b‑p‑w [-\‑m-V‑y-\‑p-a‑m-b A-t‑±l‑w s‑N-d‑n-b-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w h-e‑n-b-ht‑c‑m-S‑p‑w k‑m-[‑p-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w- k-¼¶-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w h-f-s‑c A-[‑n-I‑w

h‑n-\-b-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w X‑m-g‑v-a-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑m[‑p-¡-s‑f A-X‑n-c-ä‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m-s‑h-Å‑n-b‑mg‑v-N-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w X‑m-\‑m-W‑v k-Z-J \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v A-d‑n-b‑m-X‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n- h‑n-\‑o-X-s‑â I-¿‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p AÀ-l-c‑m-b-hÀ¡‑v- h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å ]-W‑w GÂ-¸‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->m-b‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v. 1964þÂ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑p-É‑n‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ s‑s‑_-A-¯‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ A-t‑§‑m-f-a‑n-t‑§‑mf-a‑p-Å ]-Å‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-½‑m-W¯‑n-\‑p I-¿-b-¨‑p k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑n-c‑p¶‑p. B-e-¸‑p-g-b‑n-s‑e A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m a‑p-É‑n‑w-P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â ]-Å‑n-b‑ps‑S X‑m-g-s‑¯ \‑n-e A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-a‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑pÉ‑o‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â ]-Å‑n-¡‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b -k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k-l‑m-b-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a ]-Å‑n-¡‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b

Alvv-aZn-b P-amA-¯v Jeo-^ anÀ-k a-kv-dqÀ A-lva-Zv 2008 \-hw-_-dnÂ tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv k-µÀ-in-¨-t¸mÄ.... Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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F-Ã‑m- s‑h-Å‑nb‑m-g‑v-N-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w X‑m-\‑m-W‑v k-Z-J \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑v A-d‑n-b‑mX‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑p t‑h-@‑nh‑n-\‑o-X-s‑â I-¿‑n-e‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p AÀl-c‑m-b-hÀ¡‑v- h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å ]-W‑w GÂ-¸‑n¡‑m-d‑p-@m-b‑nc‑p-¶-X‑v.

A-©p-a³ C-im-A-s¯ C-Ém-ap-am-bn D-@m-b N-cn-{X-{]-kn²-am-b ap-_m-l-e-bv-¡v ap³-ssI F-Sp-¯ hy-Iv-Xn-I-fnÂ {]-[m-\n-bm-bncp-¶p sIm-Sn-b¯qÀ kz-tZ-inbm-b A-t±-lw.

a‑p-g‑p-h³- I-«‑n-e-I-f‑p‑w t‑U‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w P-\-h‑m-X‑n-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑]‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-ä-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w- A-t‑±-l-a‑mW‑p \Â-I‑n-b-X‑v. I‑q-S‑m-s‑X ]-Å‑n t‑I‑m-¼‑u->‑nÂ C-c‑p-\‑n-e s‑s‑e-{‑_d‑n-s‑I-«‑n-S-h‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨‑p \Â-I‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. s‑s‑_-A-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F-X‑n-c‑nÂ s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c-W‑w GÀ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-h‑m³ {‑i-a‑w \-S-¶‑ps‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑y-I‑v-X‑nX‑z‑w I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-s‑X h-c‑p-I-b‑m-W‑p->‑mb-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v A-©‑p-a³ C-i‑m-A-s‑¯ C-É‑ma‑p-a‑m-b‑n D->‑m-b N-c‑n-{‑X-{‑]-k‑n-²a‑m-b a‑p-_‑m-l-e-b‑v-¡‑v a‑p³-s‑s‑I F-S‑p-¯ h‑y-I‑v-X‑n-I-f‑nÂ {‑]-[‑m-\‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ k‑z-t‑Zi‑n-b‑m-b A-t‑±-l‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e P-a‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â ]-Å‑n \‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶ k‑v-Y-e‑w h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑p‑w ]-Å‑n \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨-X‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-S‑n ]-c‑n-{‑i-a-^e-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-\‑n-¡‑v t‑i-j‑w h‑n-`‑n-¶ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑m-b X-s‑â `‑m-c‑y‑m-a-¡Ä X-½‑nÂ h-k‑v-X‑ph-l-IÄ h‑o-X‑w s‑h-¡‑p-¶ I‑mc‑y-¯‑nÂ XÀ-¡-h‑n-XÀ-¡-§Ä C-Ã‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-t‑h->‑n- X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-I‑m-e-¯‑p X-s‑¶ X-s‑â k‑z-¯‑p-¡Ä `‑m-c‑y‑m-a-¡Ä-¡‑n-Sb‑nÂ-\‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b \‑n-e-b‑nÂ h‑o-X‑n-¨‑p \Â-I‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑p A-t‑±-l‑w D-¯-aa‑m-b a‑m-X‑r-I I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑mb‑n. h‑n-`‑n-¶ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑m-ZÀ-i-§Ä s‑h-¨‑p-]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-¶-h-c‑m-b‑n-«‑p I‑q-S‑n F‑w.F b‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w k-l-hÀ¯‑n-X‑z-¯‑nÂ a-ä‑p-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§Ä-¡‑v D-¯-a a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑p-É‑o‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â 5þ‑m‑w J-e‑o-^ l-Z‑v-d-¯‑v a‑nÀk‑m a-k‑v-d‑qÀ A-l‑v-a-Z‑v (A._‑n.\‑) B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n t‑I-c-f‑w k-µÀ-i‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑p-É‑o‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã‑m A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n t‑k-h-\‑w A-\‑p-j‑v-T‑n¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p J-e‑o-^ X‑n-c‑p-a-\-Ê‑n-\‑p B-X‑n-Y‑y‑w \Â-I‑p-h‑m³ a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã J-e‑o-^¯‑pÂ a-k‑o-l‑n-\‑p‑w k-l-[À-½‑nW‑n-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z-´‑w h‑o-S‑v h‑n-«‑p-\Â-I‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ X‑m-a-k-h‑p‑w `-£-W-h‑p‑w H-c‑p¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w A-Ã‑m-l‑p X‑u-^‑o-J‑v \Â-I‑n A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑mb‑n. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n B-b‑n-c‑n-s‑¡ A-t‑±l‑w a‑p-É‑o-§-f‑p-s‑S ]-Å‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-a‑m-W-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w B-X‑p-ct‑k-h-\-c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w s‑s‑I-b-b-¨‑p t‑k-h-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-c‑wK-§-f‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑p s‑I‑m->‑p k-a-k‑r-j‑v-S‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å X-s‑â D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-§Ä k‑v-X‑p-X‑yÀl-a‑m-b \‑n-e-b‑nÂ \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X t‑k-h-\-§Ä a-l¯-c-a‑m-W‑v. A-l-a-Z‑n-¿‑m-a‑p-É‑o‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â I‑o-g‑n-e‑p-Å ^-k‑vt‑e H-aÀ F-U‑y‑q-t‑¡-j-WÂ {‑S-k‑v-ä‑n-\‑p A-t‑±-l‑w 10 G-¡À `‑q-a‑n k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-§‑n \Â-I‑pI-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. J-e‑o-^-¯‑pÂ a-k‑ol‑n-s‑â \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑w A-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m a‑p-É‑nw P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â ]-Å‑n s‑I‑m-¼‑u>‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p t‑NÀ-¶‑v P-a‑m-A-¯‑v h‑m-§‑n-b `‑q-a‑n-b‑p-s‑S- s‑d-P‑n-k‑v-t‑{‑Sj-\‑p t‑h->‑n 6 e-£‑w D-d‑p-¸‑n-I A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-c-W-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p³-]‑m-b‑n X-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â a-I³ F‑w.F. _-j‑oÀ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ GÂ-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X X‑p-I A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w a-I³- P-a‑mA-¯‑n-\‑p \Â-I‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑m-b a-¡-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p a-¡-f‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y-a‑m-c‑p‑w

Alvv-aZn-b P-amA-¯v A-ao-dn-sâ tI-c-f k-µÀ-i-\ th-f-bnÂ Fw.F.ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ ho-Sv k-µÀ-in-¨-t¸mÄ...

k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑o-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑p‑w I‑pS‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑y-I‑v-X‑n-X‑z‑w I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n- A-t‑±-lt‑¯‑m-S‑p h-f-s‑c B-Z-c-t‑h‑m-s‑S-b‑mW‑p s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑q-k‑n-b‑m-b A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â P-\‑m-k J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-s‑e _‑n-l-i‑v¯‑n a-J‑v-_-d-b‑nÂ a-d-h‑p-s‑N-¿‑p¶-X‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑m-b a-¡-f‑p‑w a-ä‑p a-¡-f‑p‑w s‑]¬-a-¡-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m¡-·‑m-c‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑p‑w J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑nÂ t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v P‑p-a‑p-A‑x J‑p-¯‑p-_‑x-b‑nÂ l‑p-k‑qÀ- X‑n-c‑p-a\-Ê‑v A-\‑p-k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-Z‑v-K‑p-W-§-s‑f -{‑]-I‑oÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w "-F-s‑â k‑v-t‑\l‑n-X³-‑' F-¶ A-]‑qÀ-Æ h‑n-t‑i-jW‑w \Â-I‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ B-Z-c‑n¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. H-c‑n-¡Â ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«-h-s‑cÃ‑m-h-c‑p‑w X-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â N‑n-c-I‑m-e-k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n a‑md‑m-d‑m-W‑v ]-X‑n-h‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v-

X-s‑¶ t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ- A-t‑§‑m-fa‑n-t‑§‑m-f‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-b k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v- h-e-b-a‑p->‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n\‑v- B-t‑c‑m-s‑S-¦‑n-e‑p‑w i-{‑X‑p-X-b‑pÅ-X‑m-b‑n F-s‑â A-d‑n-h‑nÂ C-Ã. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶ -A-t‑±-l-¯‑n\‑v i-{‑X‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n B-c‑p‑w X-s‑¶ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. X-s‑â A-S‑p-¡Â h-c‑p-¶-h-s‑c s‑h-d‑p‑w-s‑s‑I-t‑b‑m-s‑S a-S-¡‑n A-b-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. F-Ã‑m hÀj-h‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡Ä-¡‑v i‑p-²a‑m-b t‑X³‑, G-e‑w‑, N‑m-b-s‑¸‑m-S‑n‑, h‑m-g-¡‑p-e-IÄ‑, a‑m-§-a‑p-X-e‑m-b-h \Â-I‑n k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w I‑m-¯‑v k‑q-£‑n¡‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-h‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v- a-cW‑w h-s‑c D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p P-¶-¯‑pÂ-^‑nÀ-Z‑u-k‑nÂ C-S‑w \Â-I‑n- A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-d-I-s‑«. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-c‑y‑m-a-¡Ä-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w hgn-\‑m-«‑n-b D-¶-X [‑mÀ½‑n-I-K‑p-W-§Ä k‑z-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ ]-IÀ-¯‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å k‑u-`‑m-K‑y-h‑p‑w X‑u-^‑o-J‑p‑w \Â-I‑n A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑pa‑m-d-I-s‑«. A-a‑o³.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A-t±-l-s¯¡p-dn-¨v Pp-apAx Jp-¯p_x-bnÂ lp-kqÀ- Xn-cp-a\-Êv A-\p-kva-cn-¡p-I-bpw A-t±-l-¯nsâ k-Zv-Kp-W§-sf -{]-IoÀ¯n-¡p-I-bpw "-F-sâ kv-t\ln-X³-' F-¶ A-]qÀ-Æ hn-tij-Ww \Â-In A-t±-l-s¯ B-Z-cn-¡p-Ibp-ap-@m-bn.

Bip-]{Xn Ahn-sS \Ã \ne-bnÂ sIm@p-t]m-Im³ km[y-aÃ F¶v I@-t¸mÄ. B Øew hnev¡-Wtam AXÃ hmS-Ibv¡v sImSp-¡-Wtam F¶ NÀ¨ B aoänwKnÂ h¶p. NÀ¨ Fhn-sSbpw F¯msX h¶-t¸mÄ Fw.-F. FWo-äp. "B Øew kuP-\y-ambn \evIWw F¶mWv Fsâ A`n-{]m-bw".

am-em-J-sb-t¸m-se H-cmÄ

a A-lv-a-Zv I-_oÀ _n.-_n. ap³ Pn-Ãm A-aoÀ, A-lv-a-Zn-¿m P-am-A-¯v, F-d-Wm-Ip-fw

-e-¡‑p-I-s‑f \‑m‑w I->‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w N‑n-e a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑c I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \-½Ä ]-d-ª‑p t‑]‑m-I‑m-d‑p->‑v, a-e-¡‑n-s‑\-t‑¸‑ms‑e-b‑p-Å H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y³ F-¶‑v. A-§-s‑\ R‑m³ I-> H-c‑p a-e-¡‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v i-{‑X‑p-¡-f‑m-c‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«-h-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w a‑n-{‑X-§-f‑p‑w A-S‑p-¸-¡‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-¸-X‑v hÀ-j-s‑¯ _-Ô-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-h‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n D->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â a‑o-ä‑n‑wK‑n-\‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B _-Ô‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ Z‑r-V-X-c-a‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. I‑m-W‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w I‑pd-¨‑v \‑o->‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ h‑n-f‑n-h-c‑p‑w. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â k‑w-Ø‑m-\ A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ aÀ-l‑q‑w F.-]‑n. I‑p-ª‑m-a‑p k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w F‑w.F.b‑p‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-t‑I‑m-b‑m k‑m-l‑n_‑p‑w _‑n-¨‑p-t‑I‑m-b‑m-«‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑v l-k³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑ps‑a‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-«‑p-Å A-¶-s‑¯ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w B-\-µ-I-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w.-F. ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡‑p-¶ a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑p‑w A-X‑n-¶‑v t‑i-j-a‑p-Å k-Z‑y-h-«-§-f‑p-a‑m-W‑v. a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑p-I-f‑nÂ NÀ-¨ ]‑n-c‑n-a‑p-d‑pI‑n \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ k-µÀ-`-§-f‑nÂ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S N‑n-e a-d‑p-]-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w I-aâ‑p-I-f‑p‑w A-´-c‑o-£-s‑¯ X-W‑p-¸‑n-¡‑p-I a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, s‑]‑m-«‑n¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-e {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w \À-½-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S ]-d-b‑p-¶ e-f‑n-X-]-c‑n-l‑m-c-§Ä h-f-s‑c I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ F-g‑p-X‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ a-e-b‑m-f-`‑m-j-b‑v-¡‑v X-s‑¶ H-c‑p a‑p-XÂ-¡‑q-«‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ ]-d-ª H-c‑p X-a‑m-i C‑u A-S‑p-¯‑m-b‑n A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ k-¼-¶³ _‑nÂt‑K-b‑v-ä‑v-k‑n-t‑â-X‑m-b‑n C-t‑¸‑mÄ h-c‑p-¶‑p->‑v. h‑o-«‑nÂ k‑w-`‑m-h-\ ]‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ h-c‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑v A-t‑±l‑w k‑w-`‑m-h-\ \-e‑v-I‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, "-X‑m-¦-f‑p-s‑S a-I³ C-X‑n-s‑â

]-¯‑n-c-«‑n X-¶-t‑Ã‑m' F-¶‑v ]-d-ªh-t‑c‑m-S‑v, "-A-h-¶‑v A-X‑v ]-ä‑p‑w I‑m-cW‑w‑, A-h-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v k-¼-¶-\‑m-W‑v, F-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v H-c‑p k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c\‑m-W‑v-' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B ^-e‑n-X‑w. H-c‑p a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑nÂ H-c‑p t‑{‑]‑m-]À-«‑n h‑n-e‑v¡‑p-¶-X‑v k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v NÀ-¨ h-¶-X‑v R‑m-\‑n-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p B-i‑p]-{‑X‑n \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n h‑m-§‑n-b Ø-e‑w. B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n A-h‑n-s‑S \-Ã \‑n-e-b‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ k‑m-[‑ya-Ã F-¶‑v I>-t‑¸‑mÄ B ]-²-X‑n t‑h-s‑>-¶‑p-s‑h-¡‑p-h‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. B Ø-e‑w h‑n-e‑v-¡-W-t‑a‑m A-X-Ã h‑mS-I-b‑v-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W-t‑a‑m F-¶ NÀ-¨ B a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑nÂ h-¶‑p. H-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w‑, h‑m-S-I-b‑v-¡‑v \-e‑v-I-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p h‑n-`‑m-K‑w‑, h‑n-e‑v-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w h‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. NÀ-¨ F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w F-¯‑m-s‑X h-¶t‑¸‑mÄ‑, "-F-\‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-b‑m-\‑p>‑v-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑v F‑w.-F. F-W‑o-ä‑p. "-B Ø-e‑w k‑u-P-\‑y-a‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-IW‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑â A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w' F-¶‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª-X‑v. I-S‑p-¯ k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-{‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-

t‑¼‑mÄ F-´‑m-W‑v C-§-s‑\ ]-d-b‑m³ I‑mc-W‑w F-¶‑v, t‑I-«-hÀ \‑n-È-Ð-c‑m-b‑n \‑n-e‑v¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-W‑w h-¶‑p: "-h‑m-S-I-b‑v-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑mÂ h‑m-S-I I‑n-«‑n-Ã. `‑m-h‑n-b‑nÂ h‑m-S-I-¡‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å t‑I-k‑v \-S-¯‑n-¸‑v, A-b‑m-f‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å I-i]‑n-i a‑p-X-e‑m-b-h-b‑v-¡‑v h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p X‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-b-X‑v-\-h‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ t‑h->‑n-h-c‑p‑w. k‑u-P-\‑ya‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑mÂ B _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑p-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-s‑¶-Ã‑m‑w H-g‑n-h‑m-I‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m F-t‑¶‑mÀ-¯‑v ]-d-ª-X‑m-W‑v.' F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-X‑v t‑I-«‑v s‑]‑m-«‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B {‑]-i‑v-\¯‑n-\‑v A-t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ ]-c‑n-l‑m-c-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n. C-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \À-½-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-X-b‑p‑w s‑h-f‑n-h‑m-¡‑p-¶ k‑w-`-h§-f‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-X‑n-e-¸‑p-d‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑n-s‑e a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-b‑p‑w F-Ã‑m a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑c-b‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e I‑m-W‑m-\‑p-Å h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑pa‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v B-IÀj‑n-¨-X‑v. F-\‑n-¡‑v C-c‑p-]-t‑X‑m C-c‑p-]-¯‑n c-t‑>‑m h-b-Ê‑p-Å-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v R‑m³ F‑w.F.s‑b ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. F-s‑¶-¡‑mÄ a‑p-¸-X‑v h-b-Ê‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w {‑]‑m-b-a‑p-Å-B-f‑p‑w A-X‑n-k-¼-¶-\‑p-a‑m-b F‑w.-F.‑, P-a‑m-A¯‑nÂ \-h‑m-K-X-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F-s‑¶-t‑¸‑m-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 57

s‑e- H-c‑m-t‑f‑m-S‑v h-f-s‑c _-l‑p-a‑m-\-]‑p-c-Ê-c‑w ‑"I-_‑oÀ k‑m-l‑n-_‑' F-¶‑v A-`‑n-k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-b‑v-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ I-½‑n-ä‑n A‑w-K-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w B-X‑n-Y‑y‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w e-`‑n-¨‑n«‑p->‑v. H-c‑p d-a-f‑m-\‑nÂ H-c‑p a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑nÂ ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡‑m³ F-t‑¯->‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v R‑m-\‑p‑w I-®‑qÀ A-a‑oÀ ]‑n.-]‑n. \‑m-k-d‑p-±‑o³ k‑m-l‑n_‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p Z‑q-s‑c \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-¯‑n-b-hÀ. F‑w.-F. R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-t‑\‑m-¼‑v X‑p-d C-¶‑v F-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.' R‑m³ I-c‑pX‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑p- X‑p-d-¡‑m³ a-ä‑p-Åh-s‑c-b‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v I‑q-«-¯‑nÂ \-½-s‑f-b‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v. t‑\‑m-¼‑p X‑p-d-¡‑m³ k-a-b-a‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ h-e‑n-b X‑o-t‑·-i \‑n-d-s‑b ]-e-X-c‑w h‑n-`-h-§Ä. F‑w.-F. H-c‑p K‑w-`‑o-c C-^‑v-X‑mÀ h‑n-c‑p-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h>‑n H-c‑p-¡‑n-b-X‑v. R-§Ä-¡‑v c->‑p-t‑]À-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B h-e‑n-b k-Z‑y H-c‑p-¡‑n-bX‑v. k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c‑nÂ k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c‑m-b R-§Ä c->‑p t‑]-t‑c‑m-S‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨ k‑v-t‑\-l-_-l‑p-a‑m-\-§Ä ]-I-c‑w

s‑h-¡‑m-\‑n-Ã‑m-¯ h‑n-[‑w D-¶-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-d-W‑m-I‑p-f-s‑¯ ]-Å‑n ]-W‑n-b‑p-¶ L-«-¯‑n-s‑e A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-l‑m-b-kl-I-c-W-§Ä a-d-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X-Ã. ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]-W‑n-s‑b‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w G-I-t‑Z-i‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-b‑n. F-¶‑mÂ s‑s‑e-{‑_-d‑n-b‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w I‑p-s‑d A-f-a‑m-d-If‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w ]-W‑n-b‑m-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑\-s‑c F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p. F‑w.-F. B-e‑ph‑m-b‑n-s‑e X-s‑â s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-s‑ä-t‑´‑m B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ h-e‑n-b H-c‑p A-f-h‑v a-c‑w C-c‑n-¸‑p-Å-X‑v F-S‑p-¯‑v-s‑I‑m-Å‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]-W‑n-b‑m-h-i‑y‑w I-g‑n-ª‑p‑w [‑m-c‑m-f‑w a-c-k‑m-[-\-§Ä _‑m-¡‑n- h-¶‑p. ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S _‑m-¡‑n ]-W‑n-I-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v X‑oÀ-¡‑m³ A-X‑v-s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n. A-{‑X-b‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-`‑m-h-\IÄ. B a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â k-a‑r-²‑n‑, X-¶ h-k‑vX‑p-¡-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-g-e‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑m-W‑v A-{‑X-b‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä s‑N-¿‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-s‑X-¶‑v R‑m³ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z-k‑n¡‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.-F. H-c-\p-`-h-¡p-dn-¸v

h‑n ]n.-Fw. A-Ðp-Ã sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ. dn«. A-[ym-]I³

-i‑p-² J‑pÀ-B³ k-¼-¶-t‑c‑m-S‑v I-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, "-h A-½-Ê‑m-C-e ^-e‑m X³-lÀ-'‑, "-h-^‑o A‑w-h‑m-e‑n-l‑n‑w l-J‑p³ e‑n-Ê‑m-C-e‑n hÂ a-l‑v-d‑q‑w-' F-¶‑o c-ï‑v k‑q-à-§-f‑p‑w A-£-c‑mÀ-°-¯‑nÂ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ ]-IÀ-¯‑n-b A-\‑p-K‑r-l‑o-X-\‑m-b‑, `-à-\‑m-b H-c‑p k-¼-¶-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b-¦-c-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. X‑m³ \-e‑v-I‑n-b k-l‑m-b-[-\‑w‑, I‑n«‑n-b-h-s‑â B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑v a-X‑n-b‑m-t‑b‑m F-¶‑v D-X‑v-¡-W‑vT-b‑p-Å H-c‑m-f‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. X-s‑â s‑s‑i-i-h-I‑m-e-¯‑v F-S‑p-¯‑v \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p k‑v-{‑X‑o-¡‑v a-c-W‑w h-s‑c I‑r-X‑y-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S k-l‑m-b‑w F-¯‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. hÀ-j-§-t‑f‑m-f‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-h‑n-X-c-W-¯‑nÂ C-S-\‑n-e¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-h‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. k-l‑m-b‑mÀ°‑n-IÄ-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ ‑"-C-Ã'‑, ‑"-X-c‑n-Ã'-‑ ‑, ‑"-]-ä‑n-Ã'-‑ ‑, ‑"-F-S‑p-t‑¡-ï' X‑p-S-§‑n-b \‑n-t‑j-[-i-Ð-§Ä A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-W‑w X‑oÀ¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑mÂ I-S‑w h‑m-§‑n \-e‑v-I‑n-b F-{‑X-t‑b‑m k-µÀ-`-§Ä D-ï‑m-b‑n«‑p-ï‑v. B-c‑m-[-\‑m-IÀ-½-§-f‑nÂ F‑w.-F. ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b I‑r-X‑y-\‑n-j‑vT {‑]-i‑wk-\‑o-b-a‑m-W‑v. ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-X‑v i‑o-e-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑, `-à-\‑m-b‑, a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑y-\‑m-b F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X‑w A-\‑p-I-c-W‑ob-a‑m-W‑v. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑zÀ-¤‑w \-e‑v-I‑n A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-d‑mI-s‑«. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.-F. km-ln-_v

-·‑w s‑I‑m->‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X‑w s‑I‑m->‑p‑w IÀ-½‑w s‑I‑m->‑ps‑a-Ã‑m‑w G-s‑d {‑]-k‑n-²-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶ F‑w.-F. k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-X‑n-t‑e-s‑d h‑n-\-b‑m-\‑z‑n-X-\‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑nb‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w X-s‑â {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-t‑e‑m \‑m-«‑n-t‑e‑m a‑m-{‑Xa-Ã a-d‑n-¨‑v A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑mÄ H-c‑p]‑m-S‑v A-I-s‑e A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ G-I-t‑Z-i‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ B-f‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m-¯ X-c-¯‑ne‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w B-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-Z‑v-`‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑¶-t‑¸‑m-e‑p-Å \‑n-Ê‑m-c-¡‑m-c‑m-b B-f‑p-I-s‑f-t‑¸‑me‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±l‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w a-d-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑m-W‑v. k-¼-¯‑p‑w X-d-h‑m-S‑p‑w H-¶‑p‑w t‑\‑m¡‑m-s‑X B-f‑p-I-t‑f‑m-S‑v A-t‑±-l‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-c‑p-]-X‑v hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑v R‑m³ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, ]T-\‑m-h-i‑y‑mÀ-°‑w ]-©‑m-_‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å F-s‑â b‑m{‑X‑m-N‑n-e-h‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-a‑m-W‑v h-l‑n-¨-X‑v F-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¨-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w C‑u t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v \‑n-¶‑v h‑n-S-]-d-ª‑v I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v. C-¶‑v R‑m³ t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-Sb‑nÂ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-hÀ¯-I³ B-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-X‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑p-s‑>-¶-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑v h-f-s‑c-b-[‑n-I‑w k-t‑´‑m-ja‑m-W‑p->‑m-b-X‑v. h-f-s‑c k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ F-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ F-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-h‑ml‑m-h-k-c-¯‑nÂ F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w £-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e F-s‑â-

b‑p-¸ a-l‑v-a‑q-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v (F‑w.-k‑n.‑, a‑p-¡‑w‑) F‑w.-F. k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ £-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e A-S‑p-¯ _-Ô‑p-¡-s‑f-¡‑mÄ {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v F‑w.-F. k‑m-l‑n-_‑v h-f-s‑c t‑\-c-s‑¯ F-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w G-I-t‑Z-i‑w ]-c‑n-]‑mS‑n-I-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c‑, h-f-s‑c X‑n-c-¡‑p-Å B a‑m-\‑y-t‑Z-l‑w‑, A-h‑n-s‑S I-g‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-«‑n h‑n-h‑m-l-¯‑n\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b ]-e I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-X-¶‑p F-¶-X‑v, k‑m-[‑mc-W-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ _-Ô-h‑p‑w B-ß‑mÀ-°-X-b‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-t‑¨‑m-X‑p-¶X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-I-¯‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p Ø‑m-\-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. k‑m-l‑n-_‑ns‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-K-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S‑, C-X‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e-b‑p-Å H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w \-ã-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p-ÅX‑v. C‑u t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯ a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑nÂ A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w F-¶-Ã a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w Ø‑m-\-h‑p‑w k-¼-¯‑p‑w hÀ-²‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-X-]-c-a‑m-b I‑mc‑y-§-f‑nÂ A-I-e‑m-d‑p->‑v, `-b-`-à‑ns‑b‑m-s‑¡ I‑p-d-b‑m-d‑p->‑v. F-¶‑mÂ C-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v, s‑s‑Z-h‑m-\‑p-{‑K-l‑w s‑I‑m->‑v,X-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\‑w h-s‑c a-X-]-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-§Ä-¡‑v h-f-s‑c {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \-e‑v-I‑m³ k‑u-`‑m-K‑y‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v I‑p-d-¨‑p a‑p-¼‑p h-s‑c ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ C-{‑X-b‑p‑w t‑a‑m-i-a‑m-b B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-h‑m³ A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v A-X‑ps‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. kÀ-Æ-i-à-\‑m-b A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v C‑u t‑e‑mI-s‑¯-t‑¸‑m-s‑e h‑n-P-b‑w ]-c-t‑e‑m-I¯‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-a‑m-d‑m-I-s‑«. B-a‑o³. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Sn. Pw-jm-Zv, ap-¡w A-lv-aZn-b an-j-\dn, am-t¯m«w

aX-]-c-ambn hncp-²-{[p-h-§-fnÂ sImSn-b-¯q-cnse `qcn]-£- k-aqlw \ne-bp-d-¸n-¨n«pw hnkva-b-I-c-amb Imcyw, ]n¶oSv Fw.-F. Ah-cp-sS-sbÃmw Gähpw {]nb-¦-c\pw I®n-ep-®n-bp-amb \m«p-Im-c-\mbn amdn F¶-Xm-Wv.

Fw.-F. -A-W-ªp- t]m-b, \m-Sn-sâ- kv-t\-l -Zo-]w

s‑I‑m F.-Fw. ap-l-½-Zv k-eow Alvv-a-Zn-¿ P-amA-¯v {]-hÀ-¯I³, F-gp-¯p-Imc³.

-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e {‑]-X‑m-]‑n-b‑m-b J‑m-k‑n A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-eh‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑p-¶-¯‑p-N‑m-e‑nÂ D-½-¿ l-Ö‑p-½-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-I-\‑mb‑n 1932-þe‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v P-\‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ C-k‑v-e‑m‑w-a-X- P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑¯ c‑q-]s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑nÂ K-W‑y-a‑m-b ]-¦‑v h-l‑n-¨ s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e ]‑p-c‑mX-\-a‑m-b a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-e‑mW‑v A-Ð‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑ps‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-t‑h-c‑p-IÄ. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e a-X-h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑mk-c‑w-K-¯‑v ]->‑v I‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ X-s‑¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p‑w {‑]‑m-´-{‑]t‑Z-i-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-c‑p-h-ª‑n-¸‑p-g-b‑p‑w N‑m-e‑n-b‑m-d‑p‑w A-X‑n-c‑n-s‑«‑m-g‑p-I‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-h‑p‑w k-a‑o-]-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w a-X-]-T-\Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑mÂ k-a‑r-²-a‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶ \‑n-c-h-[‑n a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w -]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-s‑c k‑wFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 60

`‑m-h-\ s‑N-b‑v-X t‑Z-i-a‑m-W-X‑v. F-Ã‑m a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w i‑m-J-IÄ k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v C-S-X‑p-]-£ ]-‑pt‑c‑mK-a-\-N‑n-´-IÄ-¡‑p‑w \‑n-c‑o-i‑zc-h‑mZ-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S C-Sb‑nÂ‑, {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑v b‑p-h‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S C-S-b‑nÂ‑, \-Ã t‑h-t‑c‑m-«-a‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. k‑m‑w-k‑v-¡‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-]-c-a‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]-_‑p-²-a‑m-b‑, D-¶-X-\‑n-e-h‑m-c‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-¶‑, H-c‑p {‑K‑m-a-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. b‑ps‑S P-·-{‑K‑m-a‑w. P-a‑m-A-s‑¯ C-k‑ve‑m-a‑n k‑w-Ø‑m-\ A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-l‑v a‑u-e-h‑n F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S A-½‑m-h-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. a-X-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w c‑q-Va‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑n-«‑p‑w \‑n-i‑n-X-a‑m-b b‑p-à‑n-h‑n-N‑mc-i‑o-e-h‑p‑w {‑]-_‑p-²-a-\-Ê‑p‑w B {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-k‑z`‑m-h-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n F‑w.-F.s‑b H-c‑p

C-S-X‑p-]-£ A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n-b‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n. B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸S‑p-¶ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v t‑\-X‑m-¡-·‑m-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w F‑w.-F.b‑ps‑S A-S‑p-¯ k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-X-·‑m-c‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-s‑e A-Ô-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§-f‑p‑w A-\‑m-N‑m-c§-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w s‑h-d‑p-¯‑p. C.-F-k‑v.-FÂ.-k‑n. ]‑m-Ê‑m-b F‑w.-F. h‑m-g-¡‑m-s‑« Z‑m-d‑pÂ-D-e‑qa‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« F‑w.-F‑w.s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-e‑p‑w ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e d‑u-f-¯‑pÂ-D-e‑q-a‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑w \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. 1935 I‑m-e-¯‑v a‑w-K-e-t‑È-c‑n-kt‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑mÀ F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑v, A-_‑q-_¡À a‑u-e-h‑n F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-W‑v s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m P-a‑m-A¯‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨ c>‑v h‑y-à‑n-IÄ. k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-_-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c-W‑w a‑m-{‑Xa-Ã‑, I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å-h‑p‑w N‑n-I‑n-Õ-b‑p-aS-¡‑w A-hÀ-¡‑v \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑pI-b‑p‑w F-X‑nÀ-¸‑n-s‑â A-á‑n-P‑z‑m-e \‑m-e‑p-`‑m-K-¯‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w B-f‑n-¡¯‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K-X‑y-´-c-a‑nÃ‑m-s‑X A-hÀ ]-g-b-§‑m-S‑n-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v ]-e‑m-b-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n.

A-_‑q-_-¡À k‑m-l‑n-_‑v a-X-]-T-\-¯‑n-\‑v ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-e‑p‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n k‑ml‑n-_‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p-s‑a-¯‑n. X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨¯‑n-b A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-s‑¡‑m->‑v \‑nÀ-º-Ô-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w ‑"R‑m³ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b-Ã-‑' F-¶‑v t‑\‑m-«‑o-k-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑n--¨‑p. ]-t‑£‑, ]‑o-U‑n-X-\‑m-b A-t‑±l‑w A-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. c-l-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-l‑v-a-Z‑n¿‑m k-t‑µ-i‑w {‑]-N-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. N‑n-e A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n-I-f‑p‑w A-\‑p-b‑m-{‑X‑n-I-c‑p-a‑p->m-b‑n. ]‑o-S‑n-I-t‑¡‑m-e‑m-b‑n-e‑p‑w N‑m-b-¸‑o-S‑n-I-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑m-e‑mÄ I‑q-S‑p-¶ a-ä‑n-S-§-f‑ne‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w h‑m-Z-{‑]-X‑n-h‑m-Z-§-f‑p‑w J-Þ-\-a-Þ\-§-f‑p‑w h‑o-t‑d‑m-s‑S \-S-¶‑p. 1950 I-f‑nÂ F‑w.-k‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w F.-F‑w. A-_‑q-_-¡À k‑ml‑n-_‑p-a-S-¡‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑N-c‑m³ A-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w \‑n-a‑n-¯-a‑m-b‑n. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v 1964 P‑q¬ 29-‑þm‑w X‑n-¿-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑q-c‑v P-a‑m-A-¯‑v c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑v. A-¶‑v a‑p-XÂ‑, t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑«-¡‑v X‑m-a-k‑w a‑m-ä‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c‑, A-t‑±l‑w {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-k‑n. a‑p-l-½Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v \-e‑v-I‑n-b Ø-e-¯‑v a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S N‑n-e-h‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑v s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e ]-Å‑n \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨-X‑v. A-¶‑v F‑w.-F. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-X-]-c-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-c‑p-²-{‑[‑p-h-§-f‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e `‑q-c‑n-]-£-k-a‑q-l‑w \‑n-e-b‑p-d-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p‑w h‑n-k‑v-a-b-I-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y‑w‑, ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v F‑w.-F. A-hc‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b-¦-c-\‑p‑w I-®‑n-e‑p-®‑nb‑p-a‑m-b \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n F-¶-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑p s‑I‑m->‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, s‑s‑Zh-`-à‑n-b‑n-e-[‑n-j‑vT‑nX-a‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑yXzw F-Ã‑m F-X‑nÀ-¸‑p-I-s‑fb‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z‑z-j-s‑¯-b‑p‑w A-e‑n-b‑n-¨‑p-I-f-b‑p-¶ H-c‑p a-l‑m-{‑]-h‑m-l-a‑mb‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w H-g‑p-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑m-W‑v B A-Z‑v-`‑pX‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑I-h-e‑w H-c‑p [-\‑n-I-\‑m-b-X‑v s‑I‑m->‑p‑w B-f‑pIÄ-¡‑v \‑nÀ-t‑e‑m-]‑w ]©m-_nse JmZn-bm-³ k-µÀ-i-\ th-f-bnÂ A-lv-aZn-b P-amA-¯v t\-Xm-¡Ä-s¡m¸w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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[-\-k-l‑m-b‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p-a-Ã F‑w.-F. F-¶ a-lÂ-h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w c‑q-]-s‑¸-«-X‑v. k-¼-¯‑v s‑I‑m->‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w B-c‑p‑w H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-s‑s‑h-i‑n-ã‑yh‑p‑w t‑\-S‑p-¶‑n-Ã. Z‑p-j‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-[‑y-X-IÄ G-s‑d-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F. k‑m-[‑m-c-W-[-\‑n-I-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m>‑p. B-t‑c‑mS‑p‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p h‑n-t‑Z‑z-j-h‑p‑w ]-I-b‑p‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑ms‑X \‑n-j‑v-¡-f-¦-a‑m-b‑p‑w X‑p-d-¶ l‑r-Z-b-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w s‑s‑Z-h-{‑]‑o-X‑n B-{‑K-l‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w B-f‑p-I-s‑f k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. X‑m-s‑\‑m-c‑p [-\‑n-I-\‑m-s‑W-¶ `‑m-h‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-h‑r-¯‑nb‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑w-k‑m-c-¯‑n-e‑p‑w i-c‑o-c`‑m-j-b‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-I-S-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. h‑n-\-b‑m-\‑z‑n-X-\‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w. s‑s‑Z-h-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å I-S-a ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-I‑m-\‑p-Å‑, s‑s‑Z-h-k‑r-ã‑n-I-t‑f‑mS‑p-Å I-S-¸‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-Æ-l-W-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â F-Ã‑m Z‑m-\-[À-½-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w P‑o-h-I‑m-c‑p-W‑y-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w I->‑n-c‑p-¶X‑v. \‑nÀ-h‑y‑m-P-h‑p‑w k-aÀ-¸‑n-X-h‑p-a‑m-b IÀ-½-§-f‑ps‑S C‑u Z‑n-h‑y-{‑]-t‑N‑m-Z-\‑w s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p k‑m-X‑z‑n-I-a‑m-\‑w s‑s‑I-h-¶-X‑p‑w P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑v-t‑\-l-a‑m-b‑n A-X‑v ]-c‑n-W-a‑n-¨-X‑p‑w. s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶ ]-W‑w B-h-i‑y-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v \-e‑vI‑n s‑s‑{‑U-h-t‑d‑m-S‑v ]-W‑w I-S‑w h‑m-§‑n-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-bX‑v. d-k‑qÂ X‑n-c‑p-t‑a-\‑n(k‑) ]-d-ª-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e {‑]-N-Þ-a‑m-c‑p-X-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e A-t‑±-l‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-\‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑c‑m-K‑m-X‑p-c-a‑m-b A-h-k‑m\-\‑m-f‑p-I-f‑nÂ ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ P‑p-a‑p-A-¡‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]‑m-h-s‑¸-«-hÀ-¡‑v \-e‑v-I‑m-\‑m-b‑n t‑\‑m-«‑p-s‑I-«‑p-IÄ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã‑m- A-a‑oÀ s‑I.-F‑w. A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-t‑I‑m-b k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â k-l‑mb-t‑¯‑m-s‑S A-X‑v h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. k-l‑m-b‑w B-h-i‑y-s‑¸«‑p h-c‑p-¶ B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w C-Ã F-s‑¶‑m-c‑p h‑m-¡‑v ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â I‑p-d-¨‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« ]‑m-h-s‑¸-« H-c‑p A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¡‑v I‑n-WÀ I‑p-g‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w h-e‑n-b H-c‑p X‑p-I \-e‑v-I‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨X‑nÂ h-e‑n-b ]-¦‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-W‑v. \‑m-«‑nÂ \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ \‑n-c-h-[‑n P‑o-h-I‑m-c‑p-W‑y-{‑]-hÀ-¯\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v k‑w-c‑w-`-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w s‑s‑I-b-b-¨‑p k‑w-`‑m-h-\-IÄ \-e‑v-I‑n. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A-t‑\-I‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-IÄ-¡‑v-] T‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å N‑n-e-h‑p-IÄ A-t‑±-la‑m-W‑v h-l‑n-¨-X‑v. A-\-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑ps‑S ]-Å‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w a-{‑Z-Ê-IÄ-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ k‑w`‑m-h-\-IÄ \-e‑v-I‑n. s‑]‑m-X‑p-Ø‑m-]\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w h‑o-S‑v t‑a-b‑m³ X-s‑â H‑m-«‑v-I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w H‑m-S‑v \-e‑v-I‑n k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-¼‑nÂ D-bÀ-¶‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ s‑s‑e-{‑_-d‑n-b‑p‑w d‑o-U‑n‑w-K‑v d‑q-a‑p‑w A-S-§‑p-¶ C-c‑p-\‑n-e s‑I-«‑n-S‑w F‑w.-F. k‑z-´‑w N‑n-e-h‑nÂ \‑nÀ-½‑n¨‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F-Ã‑m A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-]-Å‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w k‑w-`‑m-h-\ \-e‑v-I‑n. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-]-²-X‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑qÀ®-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w k-l-I-c‑n-¡‑pI-b‑p->m-b‑n. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑p-ª‑m-a‑p k‑m-l‑n-_‑v 2007 s‑^{‑_‑p-h-c‑n-b‑nÂ h-^‑m-¯‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ P‑n-Ã‑m A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v t‑e‑m-¡Â A-a‑o-d‑m-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w t‑k-h-\-a-\‑p-j‑vT‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑mb‑n. F-{‑X s‑N-d‑n-b-h-\‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w D-¶-X-\‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w \‑o-X‑n-]‑m-e-\¯‑nÂ H-t‑c ]-c‑n-K-W-\ s‑h-¨‑m-W‑v s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. C-k‑v-e‑m‑w A-\‑p-i‑m-k‑n-¡‑p‑w h‑n-[‑w c-a‑y-a‑mb‑p‑w k‑u-l‑r-Z-¯‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. H‑u-]-N‑m-c‑n-I-h‑p‑w i‑p-j‑v-¡-h‑p-a‑m-b \‑n-b-a-]-c‑n-l‑m-c-§-s‑f-¡‑mÄ h‑n-«‑ph‑o-g‑v-N-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑]‑m-d‑p-a-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w l‑r-Z‑y-h‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-a-k‑r-W-h‑pa‑m-b {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-a‑mÀ-¤-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. C-c‑p I-£‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w D->‑m-I‑p-¶ B-L‑m-X-§Ä ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n I‑p-d-¨‑v k‑w-LÀ-j-c-l‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-i‑v-\§Ä e-f‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡-

e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S c‑o-X‑n. A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨ t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-]‑m-Sh‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m {‑]-i‑v-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w \À-½-t‑_‑m-[t‑¯‑m-s‑S k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.F.¡‑v C‑u {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w A-\‑m-b‑m-k‑w ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a‑n-I-h‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S‑, I‑p-d‑n-¡‑v s‑I‑mÅ‑p-¶ N‑n-e D-Z‑o-c-W-§-f‑p‑w D-à‑n-I-f‑p‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w B-]‑v-X-h‑m-I‑y§Ä t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑w-`‑m-j-W-§-f‑nÂ B-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑IÄ-¡‑m-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑S³-j³ a‑p-ä‑n-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-K‑u-c-h-a‑mÀ-¶ NÀ-¨-I-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S N‑n-e {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-§Ä A-´-c‑o-£-a‑m-s‑I a‑m-ä‑n A-b-h‑p-Å-X‑m-¡‑p‑w. k‑m[‑m-c-W-k‑w-`‑m-j-W-s‑s‑i-e‑n-b‑nÂ {‑]-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-s‑â N-a-b-§-t‑f‑m d-^-d³-t‑k‑m C-Ã‑m-s‑X A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑p-¶ {‑]-k‑w-K-§Ä C-¯-c¯‑nÂ e-f‑n-X-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-a‑qe‑y-a‑p-Å-X‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-h-k-¼-¶-h‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v A-h l‑r-Z-b-¯‑nÂ X-«‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑o-h-`-à-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c-¯‑nÂ G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑rX‑y-X ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑y-à‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. [-\‑n-I-k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-s‑â D-¶-X-X-e-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v h‑y-à‑n_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v-h-e-b-§-f‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v a-ä‑p ]-e-h‑n-[ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡‑m³ A-h-k-c-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ \‑m-«‑n-e‑p->‑m-I‑p-¶ F-Ã‑mZ‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-g‑n-h‑p I‑n-«‑p-¶ A-h-k-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-{‑X \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c-k-a-b-§f‑n-e‑p‑w A-©‑m-d‑v I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑o-ä-d‑p-I-t‑f‑mf‑w s‑s‑{‑U-h‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑v A-t‑±-l‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ F-¯‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-S-§‑m-s‑X J‑pÀ-B³ H‑m-X‑p-I F-¶-X‑v i‑o-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1964Â s‑s‑_-A-¯‑v s‑N-b‑v-X A-t‑±l‑w1966Â ]-c‑n-i‑p-² l-Ö‑v IÀ-

½‑w \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¨‑p. I‑p-ª‑m-a‑p k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â h-^‑m-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w k-X‑y-Z‑qX-s‑â {‑]‑nâ-d‑p‑w ]-»‑n-j-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v t‑k-h-\-a-\‑p-j‑vT‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑mb‑n. 2011Â t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-d-W‑m-I‑p-f-t‑¯-¡‑v k-X‑yZ‑q-X³ {‑]‑nâ‑n‑w-K‑v a‑m-d‑n‑, _‑n.-_‑n. A-l‑v-a-Z‑v I-_‑oÀ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v B Ø‑m-\-¯‑v h-c‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c B Ø‑m-\-¯‑v F‑w.-F. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. I-®‑n-s‑â A-k‑p-J‑w I-e-i-e‑mh‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c k-X‑y-Z‑q-X-s‑â a‑p-S§‑m-¯ h‑m-b-\-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. k-X‑y-Z‑q-X-s‑â A-£c-¯‑n-s‑â h-e‑p-¸‑w A-e‑v-]‑w I‑q-«‑n-b-X‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-S‑n A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w a‑m-\‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑m-b‑n-¨ t‑e-J-\-§-s‑f-¸-ä‑n-b‑p-Å A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-§Ä C‑u t‑e-J-I\‑p-a‑m-b‑n I->‑p-a‑p-«‑p-t‑¼‑m-s‑g-Ã‑m‑w NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a-d¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-I‑m-c-\‑p‑w ¹‑mâ-d‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. 20 h-b-Ê‑p a‑p-XÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑w-K-¯‑p>‑v. s‑X‑m-«-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w s‑]‑m-¶‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n-b {‑K‑o-¡‑v c‑m-P-I‑p-a‑m-c-s‑\t‑¸‑m-s‑e A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-s‑h-¨ k‑w-c‑w-`-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w D-¯-t‑c‑m-¯c‑w ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \‑o-§‑n. \‑q-d‑p-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v B-f‑p-IÄ-¡‑v D-]-P‑o-h-\‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-¶ s‑X‑mg‑nÂ-Z‑m-X‑m-h‑v I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. IT‑n-\‑m-²‑z‑m-\-h‑p‑w k-aÀ-¸-W-h‑p‑w i‑p-`‑m-]‑v-X‑n-h‑n-i‑z‑mk-h‑p‑w kÀ-t‑Æ‑m-]-c‑n s‑s‑Z-h‑n-I‑m\‑p-{‑K-l-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v C‑u c‑w-K-¯‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ A-X‑n-I‑m-b-\‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑n-b-X‑v. (2019 P‑q-e‑m-b‑v e-¡‑w k-X‑y-Z‑q-X-\‑nÂ {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨- teJ-\-¯nÂ\n-¶pw...

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sIm@p-h-¶ ]-Ww B-h-iy¡mÀ-¡v \-ev-In ss{U-h-tdm-Sv ]-Ww I-Sw hm-§n-bn-«m-Wv A-t±-lw Nn-et¸mÄ ho-«n-te-¡v Xn-cn-¨pt]m-b-Xv.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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]-¶n-b-¦-c-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p F-sâ tPm-en-Ø-ew. A-XpIq-Sn I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯m-Wv Fw.-F. A-Xv ]-d-ª-Xv. H-«pw {]-Xo-£n-¡m-¯ B Hm-^À Rm³ A-t¸mÄ X-s¶ kzo-I-cn-¨p. A-Xv F-sâ Po-hn-X-¯nÂ-¯-s¶ H-cp h-gn-¯n-cn-hm-bn.

Pohn-X-¯n\v Znim-t_m[w \evInb hyànXzw

F‑w

.-F.a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑v \-t‑½‑m-S‑v h‑n-S-]d-ª‑p. a-c-W‑w \-s‑½ F-Ã‑m-hs‑c-b‑p‑w I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ b‑m-Y‑mÀ°‑y‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e X-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-s‑e k‑z‑o-I-c-W-a‑p-d‑n-b‑nÂ A-h-k‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n B a‑p-J-s‑a‑m-¶‑v I‑m-W‑m³ X-S‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b P-\§Ä I‑y‑q \‑n-¶‑v H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑mb‑n C‑u-d-\-W‑n-ª I-®‑p-a‑m-b‑n a-S-§‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v H-c‑p s‑]‑m-«‑n-s‑¯-d‑n. I‑y‑q-h‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-h-k‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n X-s‑â a‑p-X-e‑mf‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J‑w I->‑v a-S-§‑pt‑¼‑mÄ N-{‑µ-\‑v \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑m-\‑mb‑n-Ã. N-{‑µ³ h-f-s‑c-¡‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-W‑v. A-k‑p-J-_‑m-[-s‑b-¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S ]-c‑n-N-c-W-¯‑n-e‑p‑w N-{‑µ³ A-X‑o-h P‑m-{‑K-X-b‑n-e‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. ‑"-N-{‑µ‑m-‑' F-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l-ak‑r-W-a‑m-b h‑n-f‑n C-\‑n H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w t‑IÄ-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-s‑Ã-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨d‑n-h‑m-W‑v N-{‑µ-³ s‑]‑m-«‑n-s‑¯-d‑n¡‑m³ I‑m-c-W‑w. F‑w.-F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \-· \‑n-d-ª h‑m-¡‑p-IÄ- a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v.

F-Ã‑m AÀ-°-¯‑n-e‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-aX‑n-b‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. k-l‑m-b¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n X-s‑¶ k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶ B-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \‑n-c‑m-i-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. X-s‑â D-bÀ-¨-t‑b‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w _-Ô‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h-fÀ-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w B-{‑Kl‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-. F‑w.-F. F-¶ Z‑z-b‑m-£-c-§f‑nÂ \‑m-S-d‑n-b‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v H-c‑p A-k‑m-[‑m-c-Wh‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â D-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w‑, l‑r-Z‑y-a‑m-b k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w. h-e‑n-b-h-\‑p‑w s‑N-d‑nb-h-\‑p‑w H-c‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e. X-s‑â B-{‑i‑nX-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F-´‑v s‑X-ä‑p->‑m-b‑me‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w t‑£‑m-`‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶ ]‑n-g-h‑p-I-s‑f X-a‑m-i-c‑q-]¯‑nÂ ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S I‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑v A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ `-c-W-s‑s‑\-]‑p-W‑y‑w. {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w h‑m-g-¡‑m-«‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑mS‑v F‑w.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-e‑p‑w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]n.-Fw. AlvaZv sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ alÃv P-\-dÂ sk-{I-«dn, N-{µn-I Zn-\-]{Xw ap³ am-t\PÀ

^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e d‑u-f-X‑pÂ-D-e‑q‑w A-d-_‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑f-P‑n-e‑p‑w ]T-\‑w X‑p-S-c‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. A-h-k‑m-\‑w s‑s‑{‑]-h-ä‑m-b‑n a-{‑Z‑m-k‑v kÀ-Æ-Ie‑m-i‑m-e-b‑p-s‑S s‑a-{‑S‑n-¡‑p-t‑e-j³ ]-c‑o-£-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w F-g‑pX‑n-b-X‑v. ]-c‑o-£ ]‑m-Ê‑m-b‑n-s‑Ã¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑a-{‑S‑n-¡‑p-t‑e-j³ C‑w-¥‑oj‑v a‑o-U‑n-b-¯‑n-e‑m-b I‑m-c-W‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v-`‑m-j s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p C-X‑v k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b‑n. C-¡‑m-e¯‑v A-t‑±-l‑w C‑w-¥‑o-j‑n-e‑p-Å A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m-k‑m-l‑n-X‑y-§Ä [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑mb‑n. h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ a-c-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w I-¨-

H-ä-ss¯ a-e-hm-c-¯nÂ \n-¶v B-cw`n-¨ Snw-_À tIm¬-{Sm-Îv, X-sâ am-kv-acn-I-hy-àn-Xzw sIm-@v, I-®q-cn-se a-c-hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bnÂ H-cp I-®n-bmhm³ Fw.-F. sb k-lmbn-¨p.

h-S-c‑w-K-¯‑n-d-§‑n-b-X‑v. a‑p-¡‑w _‑n.]‑n. I‑p-ª‑m-e‑n -l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ F‑w.-F. H-c‑p I‑q-¸‑p-]W‑n \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-f-]-«-W‑w s‑h-t‑Ì¬ C-´‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S ‑"-I‑z‑m-«-‑' a-c-§Ä-¡‑v X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑n-s‑e ]‑n.k‑n.]‑n. I‑p-ª-Ð‑p-Ã l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-_‑v-t‑I‑m¬-{‑S‑m-Î-d‑m-b‑n B-et‑¡‑m-S‑n-\-S‑p-¯ H-ä-s‑s‑¯ a-eh‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e ]-W‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a-c-¸-W‑n-b‑nÂ A-S‑n-¯d-b‑n-«-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v X‑m-f¯‑nÂ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n-b‑p‑w a-I³ s‑s‑i-J‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑p‑w X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v N-¸‑m-c-¸-S-h‑n-s‑e A-s‑s‑k-\‑mÀ-l‑mP‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-_‑v-t‑I‑m¬-{‑S‑m-Î‑nÂ s‑h-t‑Ì¬-C-´‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑vk‑n-s‑â I‑z‑m-« a-c-¯‑n-s‑â ]-W‑n

F.Fw.D®n-tam-bn³ km-ln_v, Ip-ªo-kv km-ln-_v Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ-s¡m-¸w 1966þÂ l-Öv th-f-bnÂ... Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\-S-¯‑m³ t‑\-c-s‑¯ X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. A-s‑s‑k\‑mÀ l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S _-Ô‑p-h‑m-b ]‑n.-k‑n.-]‑n. I‑p-ªÐ‑p-Ã l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S h-I H-c‑p I‑q-¸‑v F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-b‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n i-c‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1957Â ]-c‑o-£ I-g‑n-ª‑p h‑o-«‑n-e‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ C‑u I‑p-d‑n-¸‑p-I‑m-c-s‑\-b‑p‑w a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I‑q-«‑n‑, s‑N-d‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ H-c‑p s‑s‑d-ä-d‑m¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-µÀ-`-h-i‑mÂ F‑w.-F. X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑nÂ ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑v F-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m-\‑p‑w X-f‑n¸-d-¼‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v R‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. H-ä-s‑s‑¯ a-e-h‑m-c-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v B-c‑w-`‑n-¨ S‑n‑w_À t‑I‑m¬-{‑S‑m-Î‑v, X-s‑â a‑m-k‑v-a-c‑n-I-h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w s‑I‑m->‑v, I-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e a-c-h‑y-h-k‑m-b t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ H-c‑p I-®‑n-b‑m-h‑m³ F‑w.-F.s‑b k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p. h-f-]«-W-s‑¯ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b `‑m-c-X‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑I‑m¬-{‑S‑m-Î‑v F‑w.-F.¡‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n. D-S-a l-c‑n-Z‑m-k‑v t‑k-«‑v {‑]-K-Û-\‑m-b h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸«-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â G-X‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä¡‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v D-]-t‑Z-i‑w t‑X-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `‑m-c-X‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑n-s‑â I-c‑m-d‑p-IÄ s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S I-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e {‑]-a‑p-J a-ch‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑m-b a‑p-¡-®³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n a‑pXÂ a-c-¡-¨-h-S-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑p-Ib‑p‑w I-®‑qÀ P‑n-Ã-b‑nÂ C-c‑n-¡‑qÀ‑, a-«-¶‑qÀ‑, B-d-f‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-b Ø-e-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-e‑p‑w I-c‑md‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑p‑w I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F._-Ô§Ä s‑a-¨-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ ]-e `‑m-K-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-c‑w ¢‑n-bÀ-s‑^-Ã‑n‑w-K‑v B-c‑w-`‑n¨-t‑X‑m-s‑S a-®‑mÀ-¡‑m-S‑v, s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n‑, N‑m-e-¡‑pS‑n F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â t‑a-J-e h‑n-]‑p-e-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v I-Ã‑m-b‑n t‑d‑m-U‑nÂ H‑m-^‑o-k‑v X‑p-d-¶‑v I-¨-h-S‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨-t‑X‑m-s‑S a-c-¡¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w A-X‑p-e‑y-\‑m-b‑n. 1982Â F‑w.-F. s‑N-d‑p-h-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑n-e-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w k‑pl‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]-e-c‑p‑w I-¼-\‑n I‑m-W‑m-s‑\¯‑n. C‑u-b‑p-Å-h-\‑p‑w H‑m-^‑o-k‑v I‑m-W‑m³ s‑N-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. F-s‑¶ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v, "-I-¼-\‑n-t‑b‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n¨‑p-Å G-X‑m-\‑p‑w I‑z‑mÀ-t‑«-g‑v-k‑p-IÄ h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p>‑v‑, C-ã-a‑p-Å H-¶‑v X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-t‑¯‑m-f‑p‑, X‑m-ak‑w C-t‑§‑m-«‑v a‑m-ä‑n-b‑mÂ \‑n-\-¡‑v h-e‑n-b K‑p-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. ]-¶‑n-b-¦-c-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-s‑â t‑P‑m-e‑n-Ø-e‑w. A-X‑p-I‑q-S‑n I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

¯‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. A-X‑v ]-d-ª-X‑v. H-«‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¡‑m-¯ B H‑m-^À R‑m³ A-t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑v F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ H-c‑p h-g‑n-¯‑n-c‑n-h‑m-b‑n. 1982 a‑p-XÂ 12 hÀ-j‑w s‑N-d‑p-h-®‑q-c‑nÂ P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v, a-I³ (]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b‑) F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-Ak‑o-k‑v F-¶‑n-hÀ ^‑pÄ-s‑s‑S‑w I-¼-\‑n a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑v s‑a-¼À-a‑m-c‑m-b‑n I-¼\‑n-b‑nÂ X‑m-a-k-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v h-e‑n-b B-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n k‑z´-a‑m-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S F‑w.-F. H-c‑p h-e‑n-b _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v {‑K‑q-¸‑nâ D-S-a-b‑m-b‑n a‑md‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑nÂ s‑s‑SÂ-^‑m-Î-d‑n‑, F-t‑Ì-b‑v-ä‑v, {‑I-jÀ-b‑q\‑n-ä‑p-IÄ‑, X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-«‑nÂ F-t‑Ì-b‑v-ä‑v, h-b-\‑m-«‑nÂ F-t‑Ì-b‑v-ä‑v, s‑s‑SÂ-^‑m-Îd‑n F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b h‑y-h-k‑mb-k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-[‑n-]³. 1993-þ95 I‑m-e-¯‑v N‑m-e‑n-b‑mÀ-X‑o-c¯‑v A-g‑n-ª‑n-e‑w I‑m-c‑m-S‑v {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v s‑^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹ F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ s‑s‑¹h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w s‑^-t‑d‑m t‑_‑mÀU‑v-k‑v, d-ºÀ-h‑p-U‑v {‑S‑o-ä‑v-s‑aâ‑v-¹‑mâ‑v F-¶‑n-h-b‑p‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S t‑{‑]‑m-P-Î‑v-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\§-f‑nÂ C‑u-b‑p-Å-h³ c->‑p hÀ-jt‑¯‑m-f‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. F-s‑¶ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-t‑¨-S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w F‑w.-F. H-c‑p A-`‑y‑p-Z-b-I‑m‑w-£‑n-b‑p‑w h-g‑n-I‑m-«‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-s‑â Ø‑m-]-\-§Ä `‑w-K‑n-b‑mb‑n a‑m-t‑\-P‑v s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑nÂ a-¡-f‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-f‑p‑w A-h-c‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b ]-¦‑v \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. IT‑n\‑m-²‑z‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ t‑c‑m-K-{‑K-k‑v-X\‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-h-k‑m-\‑w h-s‑c-b‑p‑w X-s‑â Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p-s‑S \-S-¯‑n-¸‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p I-g‑nª‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b-¦-c-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. H-c‑p ]-I-c-¡‑m-c-\‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X F-s‑¶-t‑¶-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-S-]-d-ª‑p.

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t\À-h-gn-¡v am-{Xw k-©-cn-¨ ap-X-em-fn

I ap-¡w ap-l-½-Zv PnÃm ]-©mb-¯v sa¼À

T‑n-\‑m-²‑z‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑Sb‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑q-l½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v H-c‑p h-e‑n-b h‑y-h-k‑m-b-k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y‑w s‑I-«‑n¸-S‑p-¯-X‑v. ]-e X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§Ä-¡‑v B-c‑w-`‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨ H‑m-t‑c‑m L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w B-ß‑mÀ-°-X-b‑p‑w k-X‑yk-Ô‑y-X-b‑p‑w s‑s‑I-h‑n-S‑ms‑X‑, X-s‑â I‑q-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c-¡‑q-S‑n ]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑±l‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-b-X‑v.I‑q«‑p-I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b a‑m-X‑r-I I‑m-W‑n-¨ a-l‑m-h‑y-à‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. F-Ã‑m-hÀ¡‑p‑w k-¼-¯‑p‑w D-bÀ-¨-b‑p‑w D->m-I-W-s‑a-¶‑v B-{‑K-l‑n-¨ H-c‑p h‑n-i‑m-e-a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â D-S-a. a-X-c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-Ic‑w-K-¯‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e‑w IÀ-a-\‑n-c-X-\‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑n-«‑p‑w H-c‑n-S-¯‑p‑w H-c‑p i-{‑X‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑n-Ã F-¶‑p-Å-X‑v F‑w.-F. a‑q-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a‑m-{‑X‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X-b‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v {‑]-b‑m-k-§-s‑f A-X‑n-P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v, X-\‑n-¡‑v i-c‑n-s‑b-¶‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b H-c‑p a-X-]-c-a‑m-b {‑]-X‑y-b-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w a‑p-d‑p-s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v t‑]‑m-s‑eb‑p-Å H-c‑p {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p‑w I-S-¶‑p h-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H-c‑p i-{‑X‑p-h‑n-s‑\ \-½-f‑m-c‑p‑w I>X‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F‑w.-F. D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ B-i-b-t‑¯‑mS‑v I-S‑p-¯ h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑v t‑c-Js‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n F-¶-Ã‑m-s‑X i-{‑X‑ph‑m-b‑n B-c‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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X-\‑n-t‑¡-ä-h‑p‑w C-ã-s‑¸-« a-I³ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â a-X-]-c-a‑m-b B-i-b¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ \‑o F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-t‑W‑m \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v \‑o-X‑n-b‑p‑w B-ß‑mÀ°-X-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑mÂ a-X‑n-s‑b-¶ D-]-t‑Z-i‑w F‑w.-F. a‑q-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑nÂ \‑n-¶-Ã‑m-s‑X t‑h-s‑d B-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v h-f-s‑c C-ã-s‑¸-« H-c‑p a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. I-ã-s‑¸S‑p-¶-h-s‑â I-ã-¸‑m-S‑v I->-d‑n-b‑p-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l-\‑n-[‑n-b‑m-b [À-½‑n-j‑vT\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. a‑m-X‑m-]‑nX‑m-¡-s‑f k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨ a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]‑p{‑X-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-b‑m-k-§Ä-¡‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä¡‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑w \-e‑v-I‑n k‑w-c-£‑n-¨ H-c‑p-¯-a-I‑m-c-W-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-`À-¯‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-¡s‑f A-X‑n-c-ä‑v k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]‑n-X‑m-a-l\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. hÀ-¯-a‑m-\-¯‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-¯‑ne‑p‑w k‑u-a‑y-k‑z-`‑m-h-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-`‑m-P-\-a‑m-b‑p‑w G-s‑X‑m-c‑mÄ¡‑p‑w t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-I‑p-¶ k-h‑n-t‑i-jh‑y-à‑n-{‑]-`‑m-h-¯‑n-\‑p-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. X-s‑â {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨b‑v-¡‑v D-Z‑m-¯-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-`‑m-h-\ s‑N-b‑v-X‑, F-Ã‑m c‑w-K-¯‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b a‑m-X‑r-I k‑r-ã‑n-¨ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b a-\‑pj‑y-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â Z‑o-]‑v-X-a‑m-b H‑mÀ-½-IÄ ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v I-c‑p-¯‑v ]-I-c-s‑«.

sImSn-b-¯qÀ ]qt¡mb X§Ä sat½m-dn-bÂ kv¡qfn\v hen-b-X-Sm-bnÂ BZy-sI-«nSw ]Wn-X-t¸mÄ AXn-\pÅ HmSv kuP-\y-ambn \evIn Fw.-F. sNbvX tkh\w hnZym-`ymkt{]mÕm-l-\-¯nsâ F¡m-e-s¯ bpw amXr-I-bm-Wv. kzIm-cy-am-t\-Pvsaâ v Øm]-\-ambn-cp-¶n«pw hnZym-e-b-¯nsâ Zpcn-X-Im-es¯ B klmbw Bizm-k-¯nsâ sXfn-\o-cmbn amdn.

\m-Sn-sâ ]-«n-Wn am-än-b Fw.-F.

¬-]-X‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v KÄ-^‑n-s‑â k‑z‑m-[‑o\‑w \‑m-«‑nÂ h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑v G-X‑m-\‑p‑w N‑n-e kÀ-¡‑mÀ-t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w a‑mh‑qÀ t‑K‑z‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑mÀ d-t‑b‑m¬-k‑v P‑o-h-\-¡‑m-c‑p‑w A-e‑v-]‑w _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑p-I‑m-c‑p-a‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. A-h-s‑c a‑m-ä‑n \‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑mÂ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-¯ s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑mÀ t‑I-c-f‑, X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v, IÀ-®‑m-S-I h-\‑m-´-c-§-f‑n-s‑e a-c-¸-W‑n-If‑nÂ(I‑q-¸‑v)GÀ-s‑¸-«‑m-W‑v P‑o-h‑n-Xk-Ô‑m-c-W‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ‑"I‑q-¸‑p-a‑pX-e‑m-f‑n-a‑m-c‑n-‑'Â H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n \‑m-S‑ns‑â ]-«‑n-W‑n a‑m-ä‑n-b F‑w.-F.s‑b \-a‑p-¡‑v a-d-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. \‑m-S‑v h-d‑p-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-b H-c‑p I‑me‑w a-¡-s‑f s‑I-«‑n-¨-b-¡‑m-\‑p‑w ]‑p-c-s‑I-«‑n t‑a-b‑m-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p A-X‑y‑mh-i‑y-L-«-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.I‑mc-s‑â k-l‑m-b-t‑a‑m I-c‑p-X-t‑e‑m h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p B-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-

¶‑p. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e s‑]‑m-X‑p-k‑w-c‑w-`§-s‑f-b‑p‑w Ø‑m-]-\-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I-¿-b-¨‑p k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑q-t‑¡‑m-b X-§Ä s‑a-t‑½‑m-d‑n-bÂ k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n\‑v h-e‑n-b-X-S‑m-b‑nÂ B-Z‑y-s‑I-«‑nS‑w-]-W‑n-X-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n-\‑p-Å H‑mS‑v k‑u-P-\‑y-a‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-I‑n F‑w.-F. s‑N-b‑v-X t‑k-h-\‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-kt‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l-\-¯‑n-s‑â F-¡‑me-s‑¯-b‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-W‑v. k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑v Ø‑m-]-\a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b-¯‑n-s‑â Z‑p-c‑n-X-I‑m-e-s‑¯ B k-l‑m-b‑w B-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â s‑X-f‑n-\‑o-c‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n. A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I-a‑n-I-h‑nÂ k‑v¡‑qÄ C-¶‑v k‑w-Ø‑m-\-X-e¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ X‑n-f-§‑n \‑n-e‑v¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-F. F-¶ D-Z‑m-c-a-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S‑, {‑]‑m-c‑w-`-L-«-¯‑ns‑e k-l‑m-b‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v H‑mÀ-s‑¯S‑p-¡‑m‑w. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e a-ä‑p k‑v-¡‑qf‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w ¢-º‑p-IÄ-¡‑p‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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-kn.-]n. sN-dn-b ap-l-½-Zv ap-kvenweo-Kv kwØm-\ sk-{I«dn

Fw.F.bp-sS D-ä kp-lr-¯v X-d-½Â A_p, Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶n-hÀ-s¡m-¸w te-JI³.

k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I k‑w-L-S-\-IÄ¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w F-¶‑p‑w k-l-I‑mc‑n-b‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. B-i-b-]-c-a‑m-b‑n `‑n-¶-X-b‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X a-X-Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑p‑w C‑u D-Z‑m-c-aX‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑v k-a‑o-]‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-]‑qÀ-Æ-a-Ã. Ø‑n-t‑c‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-b‑m-b H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-s‑b \‑m‑w F‑w.-F.b‑nÂ I->‑p. I‑m-e-¯‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨ a‑m-ä-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S ]‑p-X‑n-b k‑w-c‑w-`§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n. H‑m-S‑p-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑p-Å a‑mä‑w C-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑m-h-W‑w. \‑q-X\-]-c‑o-£-W-§-f‑nÂ a-ä‑p-Å-h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â h‑y‑m-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-k-¦-e‑v-]-§Ä-¡‑v N‑n-d-I‑p-h‑n-c‑n-¨ B-Z‑y-h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑mb‑n A-t‑±-l‑w k‑v-a-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-f‑n A-Ð‑pÂA-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑o-a-´]‑p-{‑X³ I‑m-W‑n-¨ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-k‑vFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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t‑\-l-h‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-c-a‑m-W‑v. X‑n-c-¡‑p-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w_-k-µÀ-i-\-§Ä-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w k-a-b‑w I-s‑>¯‑n. A-I-¶ _-Ô‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S k‑p-J-k‑u-I-c‑y§-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w \‑n-X‑m-´-P‑m{‑K-X-b‑p‑w I-c‑p-X-e‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c-W-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. A-h-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v I‑m-c-W-hÀ-¡‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b k‑vt‑\-l‑m-Z-c‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F-s‑¶ A-k‑q-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. h‑o-«‑nÂ ¡‑m-¡ h‑n-f‑n-b‑nÂ a-¡Ä _‑m-¸-s‑b A-`‑n-k‑wt‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-¿‑p-¶ i‑o-e-h‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑p-a-b‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v-X‑p-e‑y-a‑m-b ]‑n-X‑r--a-¡Ä _-Ô-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-h-c‑p-t‑SX‑v. \‑m-S‑n-\‑p‑w \‑m-«‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w \-· s‑N‑m-c‑n-ª B h-e‑n-b l‑r-Z-b‑w \‑n-e-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ k-¦-S-s‑¸-S‑m-¯-hc‑m-b‑n B-c‑p-a‑n-Ã. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ \‑m-«‑nÂ F‑w.-F. t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯ k‑v-t‑\-l‑m-Z-c‑w a-ä‑mÀ-s‑¡-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I‑n-«‑p-t‑a‑m?

"AhÀ \msSms¡ Npän-¡-d§n I@p-h-c-s«, ]Ww XoÀ¶mÂ Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. A§s\ \mSp-hn-«p-t]mbn \¶mbn h¶-hÀ ]e-cp-ap@v." \¶m-hÂ t]mbn«v "DÅ tNmdpw Nt¡-sem-«n" F¶ amXn-cn-bpÅ R§Ä ]ntä Znhkw Xs¶ \mSp-]n-Sn¨v XSn kem-a-¯m-¡n.

X-e-ap-d-IÄ-s¡m-cp ]mT-]p-kv-X-Iw

t‑I‑m

-«-½Â k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e c->‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑p-I‑mc-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ B I-e‑y‑m-W-Z‑n-hk-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-b‑ms‑X I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶‑p->‑v. A-½‑m-h-s‑â a-I³ I‑p-ª‑m-¡(F.-F‑w. I‑p-«‑nl-k³‑)-b‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W-h‑o-«‑n-s‑e s‑\-b‑v-t‑¨‑m-d‑n-e‑n-S‑m³ s‑h-¨ ]-¨ A->‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑h-f‑p-¯ I‑m-¼‑m-b‑mW‑v C-¶‑p‑w A-t‑X‑mÀ-¯‑p-s‑h-¡‑p¶-X‑v. s‑N-d‑n-b ]-\‑n D->‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-h‑ms‑X D-½-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S D-Å‑m-«‑nÂ I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ A->‑n-¡‑v h‑m-i‑n ]‑n-S‑n-¨ c->‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑p-I‑m-c-\‑v A-½‑m-b‑n F-S‑p-¯‑p X-¶ I-e‑y‑m-W-h‑n-`-h‑w. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑]-b‑v-X N‑m-äÂ-a-g H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑nÂ \-\-h‑mÀ-¶‑p I‑n-S-¸‑p>‑v. ]‑p-X‑n-s‑b®‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ (s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑nÂ‑) I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑p a-S-§‑n-b _‑m-¸ ]-d-ª-t‑X‑mÀ¡‑p-¶‑p: "-F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ ]-´-e‑p->‑v. D-Å‑m-«‑nÂ I-S-e‑m-Ê‑v-

a‑m-e-b‑p-s‑S ]-´-e‑m-W‑v, \-\-b‑p‑w.' P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶‑v t‑I-«-X‑v A-¶‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. 1967 t‑a-b‑v 14 R‑m-b-d‑mg‑v-N-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B Z‑n-h-k-s‑a-¶‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I‑m-e-a‑n-¸‑p-d-a‑p-Å A-d‑nh‑m-W‑v. I-f‑n-¡‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑a‑m-Ã‑m-s‑¯ (a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-s‑¯‑) I-_‑oÀ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â A-\‑n-b\‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v A-X‑n-\‑p‑w t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v. ‑"-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v-' A-X‑n-e‑p‑w h-e‑n-b B-i-b-¡‑p-g-¸-a‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b h‑n-j-b-a‑m-W‑v. F-´‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w A-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p t‑]-c‑v B h‑o-«‑n\‑p->‑m-h‑m-\‑p-Å I‑m-c-W‑w? k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-s‑g‑m-s‑¡ R-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑n-s‑e a-l‑m-]-Þ‑nX-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-s‑c B h‑o-S‑n-s‑â h-c‑m´-b‑nÂ t‑N-ä‑p-]-S‑n-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S I‑m-W‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ A-I-¯‑p-Å-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑m-b‑n-c‑n¡‑m‑w h‑o-S‑n-\‑v B t‑]-c‑v h-¶-s‑X¶‑v A-¶-s‑¯ I‑p-ª‑p-a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\m-kÀ sIm-fm-bn km-aq-ly {]-hÀ-¯I³

"-Fw.-F.-Im-c³ t]m-e-s¯ A-cn-', "-Fw.-F.-Im-c³ t]m-e-s¯ a-¯n-', "-Fw.-F.-Im-c³ t]m-e-s¯ ]q-h-¼-gw-', "-Fw.-F.-Im-c³ t]m-e-s¯ a-\p-jy³-' F-s¶m-s¡ ]-d-ªmÂ F-Ãm AÀ-°¯n-epw G-ä-hpw \-Ã-Xv F-s¶mcÀ-°w \m-Sv B hm-¡n-\v \-ÂIn.

I>‑p-]‑n-S‑p-¯‑w. A-t‑¸‑mÄ a-s‑ä‑mc‑p {‑]-i‑v-\‑w. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ ]‑p-d-¯‑pt‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-´‑p s‑I‑m->‑v ‑"-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ-]‑p-d-¯‑v-' F-¶‑m-I‑p¶‑n-Ã? I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ H‑m-t‑c‑m D-¯-c‑w I‑n-«‑m-¯ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-§-t‑f. C-t‑X B-i-b-¡‑p-g-¸‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. R‑m³ t‑I«‑p-h-fÀ-¶ h‑n-f‑n-t‑¸-c‑m-b F‑w.-F. H-c‑p U‑n-{‑K‑n-b-s‑Ã-¶‑p‑w C-t‑X h‑oS‑n-s‑â (a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v)N‑p-c‑p¡-t‑¸-c‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w I‑m-e-t‑a-s‑d I-g‑n-ª‑m-W‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-X‑v. A‑wi‑w A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p‑w D-ä-k‑p-l‑r-¯‑pa‑m-b F-s‑â A-½‑m-h³ F.-F‑w. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w F‑w.-F. l-Ö‑n-\‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑n¨‑p-h-¶ I‑m-e‑w. ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p‑w B-f‑pIÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p "F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³' F-¶‑v. A-X‑v i-c‑n-b-Ã-t‑Ã‑m. F-s‑â _‑m-¸ l-Ö‑v I-g‑n-ª‑v h-¶ t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n B-b-X‑v. l-Ö‑v I-g‑n-ª‑v h-¶-hs‑c-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ \‑m-«‑nÂ t‑]-c‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w l‑m-P‑n I‑q-«‑n-b‑m-W‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I.

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b-Y‑mÀ-° t‑]-c‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w F-t‑´‑m I‑m-c-W‑w s‑I‑m->‑v ‑"-a-c-s‑¡-W‑n-‑' F-¶ t‑]-c‑v I‑p-S‑p-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-b H-c‑mÄ B t‑]-c‑v-t‑Z‑m-j‑w a‑m-d‑n¡‑n-«‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m F-¶‑p I‑q-S‑n I-c‑p-X‑n l-Ö‑n-\‑v t‑]‑m-s‑b-¶‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑ph-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ ‑"-a-c-s‑¡-W‑n-l‑m-P‑n-‑' B-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-s‑b-¶‑p‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑p I-Y t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. l-Ö‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑v h-¶ F‑w.-F.s‑b F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-\‑mP‑n F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-b-X‑ns‑â B-i-b-¡‑p-g-¸-a‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑ph-¶-X‑v. I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v-I‑m-c-\‑m-b F-s‑â ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑nÂ a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w C-f-b-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w H-s‑¡ ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v ‑"-k-J‑m-t‑h' F-¶‑mW‑v. k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\-h‑ps‑a‑m-s‑¡ B h‑n-f‑n-b‑n-e‑p-s‑>¶‑mW‑v R-§Ä h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. H-c‑p \‑m-S‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w‑, t‑]‑m-b \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ]-c‑n-N-b-¡‑m-s‑c‑ms‑¡-b‑p‑w H-c‑p h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨-X‑p‑w A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p‑, "-F‑w.-F.' -\‑m-«‑p-\-S-¸‑nÂ

N‑n-eÀ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑\-¶‑p‑w.h‑n-f‑n¡‑p-¶-h-s‑â {‑]‑m-b-t‑`-Z-s‑a-t‑\‑y k‑vt‑\-l-h‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w N‑m-e‑n¨‑m-W‑v A-h-c-§-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨-s‑X-¶‑v N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. \‑n-e-¡‑m-¯ k‑v-t‑\-l{‑]-h‑m-l-s‑¯ A-X‑n-e-¸‑p-d‑w H-c‑p k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¸-c‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-t‑>‑m? \‑m-«‑n-s‑e \-Ã-X‑n-s‑\-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ A-h-c‑m t‑]-c‑v I‑q-«‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p: "-F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ t‑]‑m-e-s‑¯ A-c‑n-'‑, "-F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ t‑]‑m-e-s‑¯ a-¯‑n-'‑, "-F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ t‑]‑m-e-s‑¯ ]‑q-h-¼-g‑w-'‑, "-F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ t‑]‑me-s‑¯ a-\‑p-j‑y³-' F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ ]-d-ª‑mÂ F-Ã‑m AÀ-°-¯‑ne‑p‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w \-Ã-X‑v F-s‑¶‑m-cÀ°‑w \‑m-S‑v B h‑m-¡‑n-\‑v \-e‑vI‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-X‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ F-§-s‑\ h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n¡‑p‑w? s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â B-Ø‑m-\h‑n-Z‑q-j-I-s‑\-¶‑v R-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-Å‑, \-Ã h‑m-b-\-¡‑m-c³ I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ ]‑pÂ-]-d-¼‑nÂ D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n‑, a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-\-_‑n-¡‑p t‑ij‑w \-_‑n-b‑p-t>‑m F-¶ XÀ-¡‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v X-a‑m-i-b‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑nc‑p-¶‑p: "-F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³ \-_‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ R‑m³ J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑nb‑nÂ I‑q-S‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-'. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v ]‑mÀS‑v-W-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ \‑o-e‑n-¡->n I‑pª-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n s‑s‑a-k‑q-c‑n-t‑e¡‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ "-F‑w.-F.s‑b \-a‑p-¡‑v \-_‑n-b‑m-¡‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, ]-t‑£‑, J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n-t‑¸‑mb‑n-t‑Ã-' F-¶‑v X-a‑m-i ]-d-ª-X‑v I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-\‑n-b³ A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ H-c‑p c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-

b-t‑\-X‑m-h‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-s‑¡ \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c-k-a-b-a‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. H-ä-b‑v-¡‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å C-S‑w t‑X-S‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä \-_‑n t‑]‑me-s‑¯ B-f-s‑Ã‑, R‑m³ \‑n-§-f‑ps‑S I‑q-s‑S \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m‑w.' k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ h‑n-h‑n-[ X-e§-f‑n-e‑p-Å C‑u a‑q-¶‑p t‑]-c‑p-s‑S h‑m-¡‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w C-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p G-I‑o-I‑r-X A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w X-a‑m-i-b‑mb‑n h-¶-X‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-h-s‑cs‑¡‑m->‑v A-§-s‑\ ]-d-b‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v, ]‑p-W‑y-P·-§-f‑nÂ I‑m-W‑p-¶ k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X-IÄ F‑w.-F.-b‑nÂ I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a¶‑v R‑m³ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑p _-Ô‑p-¯-a‑p->m-I‑p¶-X‑v 1969 U‑n-k-¼À 12\‑v s‑h-Å‑nb‑m-g‑v-N F-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n k-¡‑o\-s‑b F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑n-b³ A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ h‑n-h‑m-l‑w I-g‑n¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p ]-t‑£‑, F‑w.-F. F-¶ h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ R‑m-\‑m-Z‑y‑w I->-X‑p‑w A-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_h‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑m-ß-_-Ô‑w D->‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v 1974Â t‑N-µ-a‑wK-Ã‑qÀ s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ F-«‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n ]T‑n-¡‑m³ h-¶ F‑w.-F. \‑m-k-d‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å ]-c‑nN-b-s‑¸-S-e‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â K-X‑n-h‑n-K-X‑n-I-f‑nÂ h-e‑n-b a‑m-äa‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b‑, C-W-]‑n-c‑n-b‑m-¯ B k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w C-¶‑p‑w X‑p-S-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-j-b‑w A-X-Ã‑m-¯-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v ]-c-¯‑n-¸-d-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n R‑ms‑\‑m-c‑p {‑]-X‑n-^-e‑w h‑m-§‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑mW‑v. k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ A-X‑v F-S‑p-¯ t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑p-Å {‑]-X‑n-^-e-s‑a‑m-¶‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. \‑m-k-d‑n-s‑\‑m-¸‑w

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Po-hn-X-¯n-em-Zyam-bn Rm-s\m-cp {]-Xn-^-ew hm§p-¶-Xv Fw.F.-bp-sS ssIbnÂ \n-¶m-Wv. k-Xy-¯nÂ A-Xv F-Sp-¯ tPm-en-¡p-Å {]-Xn-^-e-sam-¶pam-bncp-¶n-Ã.

_-lp-am-\w sIm-@v ]n³ -ko-än-te-¡v H-Xp-§m³ Rm³ {i-an¨p. \o-sb-s¶ ss{U-h-dm-¡-sÃ F-¶p ]-d-ªv A-t±-lw F-s¶ ap³-ko-än-encp-¯n. h-b\m-Sv Np-c-an-d-§n h-cp-t¼m-gm-Wv, Fw.-F. h-f-sc I-cp-X-tem-sS HmSn-¨ Im-dn-te-¡v ]qÀ-®-am-bpw tdmw-Kv sskUnÂ h-¶ sI.F-kv.-BÀ.-Sn.kn. _-Ên-Sn-¨-Xv.

s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n I‑q-¸‑p I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-X‑m-W‑v k‑w-`-h‑w. A-h³ A-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m-«-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ s‑h-d‑p-s‑X I‑m-S‑p‑w I‑m-«‑m-\-b‑p‑w I->‑v, \‑m-«‑m-\-¡‑q«‑w a-c‑w h-e‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n\‑n-¶‑v I‑m-«‑p-t‑N‑m-e-b‑nÂ I‑p-f‑n-¨‑v t‑\-c‑m-t‑\-c‑w h-b-d‑p-\‑n-d-¨‑p->‑v, A-t‑e‑m-«‑v-s‑aâ‑v B-b‑n-¡‑n-«‑n-b k‑n-K-c-ä‑p‑w ]‑p-I-¨‑v, F-e-´-b‑nÂ I‑n-S-¶‑p-d-§‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑p F-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w. H-c‑p a‑m-k‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑I‑mg‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« I-Ã‑m-b‑n-e‑p-Å F‑w.F.-b‑p-s‑S H‑m-^‑o-k‑nÂ d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑v s‑N-¿-W‑w. i-¼-f‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v A-h‑n-S‑p-¶‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑m-s‑X H-c‑p a‑m-k‑w I‑q-¸‑v I->‑v a-S-§‑n-b F-\‑n-¡‑v H‑m-^‑ok‑n-s‑â ]‑n-d-I‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v \‑m-kÀ F-g‑p-X‑n-¯-¶ I‑q-e‑n-i‑o-«‑n-e‑m-W‑v B-Z‑y-s‑¯ AÀ-l-X-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ i-¼-f‑w F-s‑â s‑s‑I-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑p¶-X‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e I-f‑n-a¬ t‑I‑m¬{‑S‑m-Î-d‑m-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v s‑s‑]-k F-s‑â s‑s‑I-b‑ns‑e-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v.

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P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n R‑m-s‑\‑mc‑p h‑m-l-\‑m-]-I-S-¯‑nÂ s‑]-«-X‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸-a‑m-W‑v. 1984Â B-s‑W-¶‑m-t‑W‑mÀ-½. a-\-Ê‑n-et‑±-l‑w G-s‑d B-{‑K-l‑n-¨ s‑_³k‑v I‑mÀ h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑v a-{‑Z‑m-k‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑â I‑p-d-¨‑p ]-W‑w A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v R‑m³ s‑{‑S-b‑n-\‑nÂ A-t‑§‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ‑, I‑mÀ h‑m§‑n-¡‑m³ \‑n-¶ C-S-\‑n-e-¡‑m-c-\‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p _‑m‑w-¥‑qÀ h-s‑c H‑m-S‑n-¨-X‑v. A-b‑m-s‑f A-h‑n-s‑S C-d-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-X‑p-h-g‑n-b‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X. ]‑n-s‑¶ I‑m-d‑nÂ F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w a‑m{‑X‑w. _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m->‑v ]‑n³-k‑oä‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H-X‑p-§‑m³ R‑m³ {‑i-a‑n¨‑p. \‑o-s‑b-s‑¶ s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-¡-s‑Ã F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑v A-t‑±-l‑w F-s‑¶ a‑p³-k‑o-ä‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¯‑n. h-b-\‑m-S‑v N‑p-ca‑n-d-§‑n h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v, F‑w.-F. h-f-s‑c I-c‑p-X-t‑e‑m-s‑S H‑m-S‑n-¨ I‑m-d‑nt‑e-¡‑v ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑p‑w t‑d‑m‑w-K‑v s‑s‑kU‑nÂ h-¶ s‑I.-F-k‑v.-BÀ.-S‑n.-k‑n. _-Ê‑n-S‑n-¨-X‑v. a‑p³-`‑m-K‑w X-IÀ-¶‑p. s‑_³-k‑v I‑m-d‑n-s‑â I-c‑p-¯‑m-b‑nc‑n-¡‑m‑w R-§Ä-¡‑v H-c‑p t‑]‑m-dÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p-t‑a-ä‑n-Ã. s‑X-ä‑v t‑_‑m-²‑y-s‑¸-«‑v, F-´‑p t‑h-W-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑m-s‑a-¶‑p ]-dª B s‑s‑{‑U-h-t‑d‑m-S‑v F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª‑p: "-\‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S H-ä s‑s‑]k-b‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑p t‑h->. F-\‑n-¡‑v ]-c‑m-X‑n-b‑p-a‑n-Ã. Z-b-h‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑v C-\‑n-b‑p‑w C-§-s‑\ A-{‑i-² D->‑mh‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-I.' I‑q-¸‑ps‑s‑I-t‑b‑m-s‑S I-®‑p-\‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-¶ B s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑p-s‑S N‑n-{‑X‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p->‑v. R‑m³ ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ {‑]‑o-U‑n-{‑K‑n-¡‑v ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. H-c-h-[‑n Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑m-«‑n-e‑p-Å-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m-\‑p‑w \‑m-k-d‑p‑w I-_‑o-d‑p‑w t‑a‑ml³-Z‑m-k‑p‑w I-d‑p-¯-]-d-¼‑nÂ ‑"]-X‑n-\‑m-e‑m‑w c‑m-h‑v-' k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑p-s‑S

j‑q-«‑n‑w-K‑v I‑m-W‑m³ \-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑pI-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. l‑p-s‑s‑k\‑m-¡ (aÀ-l‑q‑w‑) F-X‑n-s‑\ \-S-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w \‑m-k-d‑n-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-¡‑v \-e‑vI‑m³ B-b‑n-c‑w c‑q-] \‑m-k-d‑n-s‑\ G-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-_‑o-d‑p‑w \‑m-kd‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v \‑m-S‑ph‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑m-t‑e‑m F-s‑¶‑m-c‑m-i-b‑w F-S‑p-¯‑n-S‑p-¶-X‑v. A-¶‑v I-> k‑n\‑n-a-I-f‑n-s‑e‑, \‑m-S‑p-h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n hÀj-§Ä-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w ]-W-¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶ \‑m-b-I-·‑m-s‑c‑m-s‑¡b‑m-W‑v a-\-Ê‑n-s‑e a-‑mX‑r-I. \‑m-S‑p-h‑n-« t‑i-j-a‑p-Å h‑n-t‑i-j‑w ]-c-¯‑n-¸-d-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, R-§s‑f t‑_-P‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b H-c‑p k‑w-K-X‑nb‑p->‑v. "-a-¡-t‑f X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p h-c‑q-' F-¶ h‑mÀ-¯ G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ]-{‑X-¯‑nÂ h-t‑¶‑m F-¶‑v A-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑]-d‑p-¡‑nb‑n-«‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-b-X‑m-W‑v t‑_-P‑m-d‑n-s‑â I‑m-c-W‑w. k‑w-K-X‑n h‑o-S‑p-h‑n-«-t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ F-§-s‑\s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-S-§‑n-b‑mÂ a-X‑n F-¶‑mb‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£‑, ]-W‑w ]-I‑p-X‑n-b‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w s‑N-e-h‑m-b‑n-t‑¸‑mb‑n. N‑p-c‑p-¡‑n-¸-d-b‑m‑w‑, I-\‑y‑m-I‑p-a‑m-c‑n h-s‑c t‑]‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«-§‑mS‑n-b‑nÂ X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n-b Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e h‑n-h-c‑w k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b‑m³ c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ t‑a‑m-l³-Z‑mk‑n-s‑\ \‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡-b-¨‑p. \‑m-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w t‑I-« h‑mÀ-¯ i-c‑n-¡‑p‑w R-§-s‑f A-¼-c-¸‑n-¨‑p. ]-W-¯‑ns‑â D-S-a-b‑m-b F‑w.-F.]-d-ª-t‑{‑X‑, "A-hÀ \‑m-s‑S‑m-s‑¡ N‑p-ä‑n-¡-d-§‑n I->‑p-h-c-s‑«‑, ]-W‑w X‑oÀ-¶‑mÂ A-b-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w. A-§-s‑\ \‑m-S‑p-h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n \-¶‑m-b‑n h-¶-hÀ ]-e-c‑p-a‑p->‑v.' \-¶‑m-hÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n«‑v "-D-Å t‑N‑m-d‑p‑w N-t‑¡-s‑e‑m-«‑n-' F-¶ a‑m-X‑n-c‑n-b‑p-Å R-§Ä ]‑n-t‑ä Z‑n-h-k‑w X-s‑¶ \‑m-S‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v X-S‑n k-e‑m-a-¯‑m-¡‑n. A-¶‑v C‑u k‑v-t‑\l-k‑w-k‑m-c-a-Ã‑m-¯ t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-Se‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S `‑m-K-¯‑v

Fw.F.bp-sS ]n-Xm-hn-sâ A-\n-b³ aÀlqw a½-Zv ap-kven-bm-cpsS aq-¯ a-I³ aÀlqw Fw.kn. ap-l-½Zv (IqScªn), C-f-b a-I³ Fw.kn. A-ÐpÃ Xp-S-§nb-htcm-sSm¸w.

\‑n-¶‑p->‑m-b-s‑X-¦‑nÂ R-§-s‑f-´‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑ps‑¶-¶‑v C-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑mW‑v F‑w.-F. H-c‑m-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-S‑m-¯‑, a‑p-J‑w I-d‑p-¸‑n-¡‑m-¯ s‑hf‑p-¯ a-\‑p-j‑y³. R‑m-\‑o ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n \‑n-c-h[‑n t‑]-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-hÀ-s‑¡‑m-s‑¡ F‑w.-F.-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v \‑n-d-ª k‑v-t‑\-l‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑>-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w I‑n-«‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-s‑b-¶‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p-s‑h-¡‑p¶‑p. H-c‑p t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-S-e‑p‑w I-d‑p-¯ a‑p-J-h‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w F‑w.-F. \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-Ã. H-c‑p \‑m-S‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m \-·-IÄ-¡‑p‑w I‑qs‑S \‑n-¶ a-\‑p-j‑y³‑, C-S-X‑p s‑s‑I A-d‑n-b‑ms‑X h-e-X‑p s‑s‑I s‑I‑m->‑v k-l‑m-b-t‑a-I‑n-b [À-½‑n-jvT³‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â h‑n-I-k-\§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w X-t‑â-X‑m-b h‑n-c-s‑e‑m-¸‑p N‑mÀ-¯‑n-b h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w‑, F-Ã‑m B-i-b-§-f‑p‑w t‑IÄ-¡‑m-\‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-[‑n-¨ h‑ni‑m-e-l‑r-Z-b³‑, A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ ]‑p-X‑n-b B-i-b-§-f‑p‑w C-k-§-f‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-SÀ-¶ a-\‑pj‑y³. X-s‑â t‑h-d‑n-« h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w X-t‑â-X‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-¡‑n A-X‑v a-ä‑m-c‑n-e‑p‑w A-S‑n-t‑¨-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑ms‑X‑, `‑q-a‑n-s‑b t‑h-Z-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-¯ I‑mÂ-s‑h-¸‑pI-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n‑, a‑m-b‑m-¯ N‑n-c‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-d-S‑n a-®‑n-t‑e-¡‑v b‑m-{‑X-t‑]‑m-b a-\‑p-j‑y³. H-c‑p X-e-a‑p-d-¡-t‑±-l‑w A-\‑p-`-h-]‑m-T-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. h-c‑p‑w X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-XI-h‑p‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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sk-bv-Xp-½À _m-^-Jn X-§Ä ]-d-ªp: "-A-eo, h-Ãm-s¯m-cp a-\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv \n-§Ä ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-¯-¶-Xv. F-s´m-cp F-fn-a-¯w! F-s´m-cp hn-\-bw!' \-½-sf-Ãmw A-bm-fnÂ \n-¶v H-¯n-cn ]mT-§Ä ]Tn-t¡-@-Xp-@v. _-lp-am-\w sIm-Sp-¯v _-lp-am-\w Xn-cn-¨p-hm-§p-¶ Kp-W-]m-T-§Ä.

kuayX ]q¯pebp¶ Fw.F.bpw Ip-Spw-_hpw

t‑I sI.-]n.-bp. Aen ap³ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v {‑]-k‑n-U-ï‑v. kmaq-lnIþ kmw-kv-ImcnI {]-hÀ-¯I³

-c-f-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S c->‑m‑w a-¡-b‑m-b‑n s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. a-e-b‑m-f-¡-c-b‑nÂ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I{‑]-N-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-`-h-t‑I-{‑µa‑m-b‑n A-X‑v I-W-¡‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑pI-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p. s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-a‑m-W‑v C‑u I-S-t‑e‑mc-\-K-c-s‑¯ {‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-¡‑m³ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b-X‑v. ]-X‑n-\-©‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m->‑n-s‑â D-¯-c‑mÀ-²-¯‑nÂ b-a-\‑n-s‑e l-fÀ-a‑u-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑I‑m¨‑n-b‑n-s‑e s‑I‑m-¨-§‑m-S‑n h-g‑n s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n-b‑nÂ F-¯‑n-t‑¨À-¶ s‑s‑i-J‑v A-e‑n AÂ a-A‑v-_-d‑n‑, s‑s‑i-J‑v C-_‑v-d‑m-l‑o‑w F-¶‑n-hc‑m-W‑v C‑u I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â X‑p-S-¡‑w I‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. 1467Â P-\‑n-¨‑p 1522Â a-c-W-s‑¸-« s‑s‑k\‑p-±‑o³ a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w AÂ-I-_‑oÀ F-¶-h-c‑mÂ a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ C‑u I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w A-d‑n-bs‑¸-S‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n. s‑s‑i-J‑v s‑kb‑v-\‑p-±‑o³ a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w k-K‑oÀ F-¶ a-l‑m-]-Þ‑n-X-s‑â ^-X‑v-l‑pÂ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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a‑p-C‑u³ F-¶ {‑K-Ù-c-N-\-s‑b¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑v a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑â b-i-Ê‑v ]‑qÀ-Æ‑m-[‑n-I‑w D-bÀ-¶‑p. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-h‑n-[-`‑m-K§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I-{‑]-N‑mc-W-¯‑n-\‑p‑w B-ß‑o-b-t‑\-X‑r-X‑z¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑p‑w ]-Þ‑nX·‑m-s‑c A-b-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-§-s‑\ A-b-¡-s‑¸-« a‑p-k‑v-e‑nb‑m-·‑mÀ \‑n-c-h-[‑n Ø-e-§-f‑nÂ ]-Å‑n-IÄ Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-IÄ t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n B-ß‑ob-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \-S-¯‑p-Ib‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. P-\-§Ä h-f-s‑c B-Z-c-t‑h‑m-S‑p-I‑q-S‑n C-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-s‑f k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. ]-e-c‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h-e‑n-b Z‑q-c-¯‑n-e-Ã‑m-s‑X h‑o-S‑pI-f‑p->‑m-¡‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \-b‑n-¨‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑mÀ X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p¶‑n-S‑w ‑"-a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑mÀ A-I‑w' B-b‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑p. t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e‑, h‑n-i‑n-j‑y a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e‑, ]-e {‑K‑ma-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I‑w F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-s‑f I‑mW‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w.

a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑I‑m-t‑>‑m-«‑n-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v \‑n-b-a‑n-¡-s‑¸-«-h-c‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-K‑m-a‑n-I-f‑nÂ I‑o-g‑p-]-d¼‑v h-g‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e¯‑n-t‑¨-À-¶-A-e‑n-l-k³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n \‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑n¡-s‑¸-«‑p.A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \‑m-e‑v B¬-a-¡-f‑nÂ a‑q¶‑m-a-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-Ð‑pÂA-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n. s‑N-d‑n-b {‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ I‑qÀ½-_‑p-²‑n-b‑p‑w h‑n-i‑m-e-N‑n-´b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑y-X‑y-k‑vX-\‑m-¡‑n. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å ]T-\-t‑i-j‑w h‑m-g-¡‑m-S‑v Z‑m-d‑pÂ-D-e‑q-a‑nÂ J‑p-X‑v-_‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c‑p-s‑S I‑o-g‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w ]T-\‑w \-S-¯‑n. t‑i-j‑w s‑h-Ã‑qÀ _‑m-J‑n-b‑m-¯‑p-Ê‑z‑m-e‑n-l‑m¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w-]T-\‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e-b‑n-S-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑y‑m-]I-\‑m-b‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X A-t‑±-l‑w X‑m-a-k‑w-h‑n-\‑m s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-f‑n-b‑mb‑n \‑n-b-a‑n-X-\‑m-b‑n. C-t‑X‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w X-s‑¶ k-a-k‑v-X t‑I-c-f P‑w-C-¿-¯‑pÂ D-e-a‑m a‑p-i‑m-h-d A‑w-K-h‑pa‑m-b‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e {‑]-i-k‑v-X-\‑m-b s‑I.-k‑n. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c‑ps‑S a-IÄ D-½-¿ F-¶-hs‑c A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑ok‑v--D-½-¿ Z-¼-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-{‑´->‑v a-¡-f‑nÂ a‑q-¯-h\‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑ue-h‑n {‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-s‑\ ]-c‑n-N-bs‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. a-l-Ã‑v k‑w-k‑vI-c-W-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w

D-¯-a-]-c‑o-£-W-§Ä \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n. C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-IK-t‑h-j-W-h‑p‑w ]T-\-h‑p‑w \‑n-c-´-c-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-e-h‑n-e‑p-Å ]-Þ‑n-X-t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑nÂ ]-e h‑n-j-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑v {‑]-I-S‑n¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n-s‑\-Ã‑m‑w X-s‑â a-l-Ã‑v \‑n-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-a-l-Ã‑p-I‑mc‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]‑n-´‑p-W A-t‑±l‑w D>‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑p. C-X‑n-\-I‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-a-l-Ã‑mb‑n D-bÀ-¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑ns‑e C-ã-s‑¸-« J‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w a‑m-d‑n-¡-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p¶‑p. C-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ {‑K-Ù-c-N\-b‑v-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w k-a-b‑w I-s‑>¯‑n. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â ‑"-l-Ö‑v-b‑m-{‑X-‑' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v l-Ö‑n-\‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑K-U‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-e-b‑mf-h‑m-b-\ t‑h->-h‑n-[‑w h-f-c‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v k‑m-[‑m-c-W-P-\-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑u-I-c‑y‑mÀ-°‑w A-d-_‑n--a-

e-b‑m-f-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑v. t‑i-j‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n {‑K-Ù-§Ä A-t‑±l‑w {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p>‑m-b‑n. A-X‑nÂ N‑n-e-X‑v k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v, h‑m-g-¡‑m-S‑v, t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v, ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-Z‑y‑m`‑y‑m-k-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑v h-g‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \‑o-§‑n. A-¶‑v a‑p-¡‑w‑, I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ‑, s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b Ø-e-§-f‑n-s‑e {‑]-a‑p-J-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-e-¼‑q-cS-¡-a‑p-Å {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑e a-c-¯‑n-s‑â e-`‑y-X-b‑p‑w k-a‑ql-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ A‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S¡‑m-s‑c {‑K‑m-a-§-f‑n-s‑e h‑m-g‑v¯-s‑¸-«-h-c‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-¸‑p-IÄ t‑e-e‑w h‑n-f‑ns‑¨-S‑p-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a-c-¡-¨-h-S‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v. h‑n-Z-K‑v-²-s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p k‑w-L‑w X-s‑¶ A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-

hn.sI.kn. a-½Zv-tIm-b, Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv F-¶n-hÀ-s¡m-¸w te-JI³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 77

b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f I‑q-«‑n¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-Å s‑s‑i-e‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-b I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m¡‑n. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v \‑n-d-ª k‑v-t‑\-l‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v C-c-«‑n k‑v-t‑\-l‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑m-§‑n. A-h-c‑ps‑S k‑p-J-Z‑p‑x-J-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n. C-X‑p h-g‑n A-t‑±-l‑w h-fÀ-¨-b‑p-s‑S ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-§-f‑n-t‑e¡‑v D-bÀ-¯-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ A-X‑n-t‑h-K‑w ]-S-h‑p-IÄ I-b-d‑n-t‑¸‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ X-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯ I‑q-«‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑p _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-s‑â K‑p-W‑w A-h-c‑nÂ ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑n. C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨b‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-Ã‑p-a‑p-d‑n-s‑b t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑p-I-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I h-fÀ-¨-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w

Fw.-F.-IÄ F-¶-dn-b-s¸Sp-¶, sIm-Snb-¯q-cn-se ap-kv-eym-c-I¯p-ImÀ-¡v H-«-\-h-[n {]-XyI-X-I-fp-@v. sIm-Sn-b-¯q-cnse-bpw ]-cn-kc-§-fn-se-bpw ]p-cm-X-\-hpw {]-i-kv-X-hpam-b \n-c-h-[n Ip-Spw-_-§fp-am-bn Cu Ip-Spw-_w _-Ôn-¡s¸-«p In-S -¡p-¶p.

P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑e D-¶-X-a‑q-e‑y-§Ä D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±l‑w a‑m-X‑r-I I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-. k‑w-k‑mc-¯‑n-s‑e ]-I‑z-X‑, s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-¯‑ns‑e k‑u-µ-c‑y‑w‑, C-S-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e I‑r-X‑y-X‑, k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I A-¨-S-¡‑w X‑p-S-§‑n H-t‑«-s‑d K‑p-W-§-f‑p-Å a‑m\‑y-\‑m-b I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. X-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-k-h‑n-¨‑p-h‑o-W I‑p-ª‑p-§Ä s‑X‑m-«‑v {‑]‑m-b‑w-s‑N-¶-hÀ h-s‑c A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑s‑Z-\‑w-Z‑n-\-P‑o-h‑nX-¯‑n-s‑â k‑v-]-µ-\-§Ä A-d‑nª‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e ]‑p-c‑m-X-\ H‑m-«‑pI-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ-I¼-\‑n h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v h‑m-§‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b t‑a-J-e-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v {‑]-t‑hi‑n-¨‑p. X‑m-a-k‑w-h‑n-\‑m IÀ-®‑m-SI-b‑n-s‑e I-S‑qÀ H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-b‑p‑w

2013 B-K-kv-Xv 10\v sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ hm-Zn-d-lv-a-bnÂ sh-¨v \-S-¶ ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_-kwKaw

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 78

Ø-e-h‑p‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. H‑m-S‑p-h‑y-hk‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑â k‑p-hÀ-®-I‑m-e-¯‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n-I-f‑nÂ I‑m-e-¯‑n-¶-\‑p-k‑rX-a‑m-b a‑m-ä-§Ä h-c‑p-¯‑n. s‑s‑hI‑m-s‑X‑, X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ a-c-h‑y-hk‑m-b-s‑¯ B-k‑v-]-Z-a‑m-¡‑n I‑m-c‑m«‑v ^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹ F-¶ ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p.C-t‑X‑m-s‑S A-t‑±-l‑w a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-«‑n-I-b‑nÂ Ø‑m-\‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑p-l-½Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v BÀ-Ö‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯ kÂ-K‑p-W-§-f‑nÂ {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-«X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-t‑c‑m-S‑v a‑m-\‑ya‑m-b‑n s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑p-I F-¶-X‑v. C‑u s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-h‑p‑w‑, h‑n-\-b-h‑p‑w ]‑p-©‑nc‑n-b‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª k‑w-k‑m-c-h‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v

A-S‑n-a‑p-S‑n k‑q-£‑n-¨‑p. h‑n-i‑m-e-a‑m-b F‑w.-F. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑e A‑w-K-§Ä-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w C‑u K‑p-W‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑p\-e‑v-I‑m³ D-X-I‑p‑w-h‑n-[‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑m-b‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-t‑\‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§-f‑p‑w h-fÀ-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F-k‑v.-s‑I.-b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-\‑p-P³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v a‑p-k‑ve‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑n-s‑â k-P‑o-h-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑I-c-f k‑w-Ø‑m-\ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w b‑q-¯‑v-e‑o-K‑v Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n-\‑v I‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c‑m-b A-©‑v A‑w-K-§-f‑nÂ H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w. ]‑n.-s‑I. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ a‑m-\‑p-k‑m-l‑n-_‑v, C.-S‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v _-j‑oÀ‑, ]‑n.-S‑n. a-½‑p‑, X-t‑d-§Â l‑ps‑s‑k³ F-¶‑n-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-ä‑p \‑m-e‑p-t‑]À. t‑I-c-f a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w b‑q-¯‑v-e‑o-K‑n-s‑â a‑q-¶‑m-a-s‑¯ i‑m-J s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-¶‑v c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑v-Nc‑n-{‑X‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w b‑q-¯‑v-e‑o-K‑v X‑m-e‑q-¡‑v, P‑n-Ã‑m s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w Z‑oÀL-I‑m-e‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v A‑w-Ka‑m-b‑p‑w s‑s‑h-k‑v-{‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p>‑m-b‑n.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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A-[‑y‑m-]-I-t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w c‑m-P‑n-s‑h-¨ A-Ð‑p-dl‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v t‑P‑y-j‑vTt‑\‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ t‑\-c‑n-«‑v ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n. C-X‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑mh‑m-¡‑n a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j³ {‑]-k‑nUâ‑v‑, s‑N-d‑p-I‑n-S h‑y-h-k‑m-b A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j³ {‑]-k‑nUâ‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b Ø‑m-\§Ä A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ t‑X-S‑ns‑b-¯‑n. h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-s‑f {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑o-I-c‑n-¨ \‑n-c-h-[‑n kÀ-¡‑mÀ I-½‑n-ä‑n-I-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w \‑n-b-a‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑p. C.-F-k‑v.-s‑F. t‑I‑mÀ-]-t‑dj-s‑â t‑I-c-f doPn-b-WÂ t_mÀ-Uv sa-¼-dmbpw tIc-f an-\n-aw thP-kv D-]-tZi-I k-an-Xn Aw-K-ambpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶p. A-I‑m-e-¯‑nÂ h‑n-S-]d-ª k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-¡-f‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-`‑n-a‑m\-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w B-k‑z-Z‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a‑q-¯-a-I³ F‑w.-F. a-l‑v-_‑q_‑v I-¼-\‑n s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-j‑n-¸‑v h‑n-P-b‑w I-c-Ø-a‑m-¡pIbpw {‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-b s‑s‑l-s‑s‑eä‑v {‑K‑q-¸‑n-s‑â Ø‑m-]-I-\‑mbn am-dp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. a-e-_‑mÀ t‑N‑w-_À H‑m-^‑v I-t‑a-g‑v-k‑nÂ a‑p-J‑y-I‑m-c‑y-ZÀ-i‑nbpam-bn. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑ns‑â h‑n-S-h‑m-§Â t‑]‑m-s‑eb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a‑q-¯-a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ -A-k‑o-k‑n-t‑â-X‑p‑w. D-¸-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e k‑u-a‑y-X a‑p-J-a‑p-{‑Z-b‑m-¡‑n H-c‑p ]‑q-¼‑m-ä-

s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e P‑o-h‑n-¨ A-t‑±l-s‑¯-b‑p‑w‑, _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑wK-¯‑v \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡-t‑h‑, a-c-W‑w s‑I‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑ml‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-IÄ \-P‑o-\b‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑v b‑q-k‑p-^‑v k‑n-±‑o-J‑n-s‑â A-]-I-S-a-c-Wh‑p‑w X‑n-I-¨‑p‑w A-{‑]-X‑o-£‑nX-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑q-\‑q-c‑n-s‑e‑, a‑p³ P-U‑v-P‑v S‑n.-F‑w. a-P‑o-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-I-\‑m-b b‑q-k‑p-^‑v k‑n-±‑o-J‑v t‑I-c-f h‑m-l-\-K-X‑m-K-X-h-I‑p-¸‑nÂ t‑P‑m-b‑vâ‑v BÀ.-S‑n.-H. B-b‑nc‑n-¡-t‑h-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-]I-S‑w. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â c->‑m-a-s‑¯ a-I³ F‑w.-F. \‑m-k-À B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑v c‑mj‑v-{‑S‑o-b-c‑w-K‑w ]-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]©‑m-b-¯‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. k-P‑o-h-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b‑w A-h-k‑m\‑n-¸‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l-a‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑y-h-k‑m-b-c‑w-K-¯‑v k-P‑o-ha‑m-W‑v. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-I-f‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F.F‑w. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b³ k‑m-l‑n_‑n-s‑â a-I³ I‑p-«‑n-l-k-s‑â `‑m-c‑y-b‑p-a‑m-b d‑p-J‑n-¿ -l-k\‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-b‑p‑w P‑o-h-I‑m-c‑p-W‑y -t‑k-h-Ib‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. C‑u h‑n-\‑o-X³ s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n B-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n Ø‑m-]‑n-¨ ‑"-a‑n-Ã-¯‑v a-lÂ-‑' F-¶ Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n-s‑â h-\‑nX‑m-t‑h-Z‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v d‑p-J‑n-b‑m- l-k-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-©‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑e h-\‑n-XIÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ A-h-t‑_‑m[-a‑p->‑m-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ H-¯‑n-c‑n \-Ã I‑m-c‑y-§Ä Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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s‑N-b‑v-X‑p X‑oÀ-¡‑p-h‑m³ A-h-c‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-a‑m-c‑w`‑n-¨ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ h-\‑n-X k-l-I-c-W-_‑m-¦‑n-s‑â {‑]Y-a -{‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑m-b‑p‑w A-hÀ {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-P-³- A-Ð‑p-Êe‑m‑w ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â ]‑n-´‑p-SÀ¨-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-f‑n-Ø‑m-\‑w h-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑n.-S‑n.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \-¶‑m-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w a-e-b‑m-f-¯‑ns‑e H-«-\-h-[‑n {‑]-k‑n-²‑oI-c-W-§-f‑nÂ "-F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w-‑'‑, ‑"-a‑m-k‑v s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑qÀ-‑' F-¶‑o t‑]-c‑p-I-f‑nÂ t‑e-J-\-§-s‑f-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. N-c‑n-{‑X-I‑m-e‑w s‑X‑m-t‑« s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑qÀ a-l-Ã‑n-\‑p->‑m-b k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X-IÄ \‑n-e-\‑nÀ¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w t‑]‑m-j‑n-¸‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w J‑m-f‑n F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑k-h-\-§Ä {‑]-i‑w-k-\‑o-ba‑m-W‑v. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m {‑]-Ø‑m\-¯‑n-s‑â t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-a‑p-J -t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑nÂ H-¶‑mW‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ. a-c‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v h-s‑c {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑ns‑â {‑]-a‑p-J-t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑nÂ H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n \-S-¶ B-i-b-k‑w-L-«-\§-f‑nÂ k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m-a‑n-\‑v a-d‑p-`‑m-K¯‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-]-c-a‑m-b ]-¦‑v h-l‑n-t‑¡->‑n h-¶‑p. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m h‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑v t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-

l‑n-_‑p‑w t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. C‑u B-i-b-k‑w-h‑m-Z-§Ä h‑y-à‑n-_-Ô-§Ä‑, I‑p-S‑p‑w_-_-Ô-§Ä‑, {‑K‑m-a-_-Ô§Ä F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-s‑X t‑b‑m-P‑n¸‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w C-S-§-f‑nÂ \‑nÀ-¯‑ph‑m³ A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w F-¶ J‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b A-\‑p-P³ \‑nÀ-Æl‑n-¨ ]-¦‑v t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-t‑¯>-X‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. t‑Ic-f -a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-¸‑n-s‑â t‑a-J-e-IÄ A-\‑p-Z‑n-\‑w i-à‑n-b‑mÀ-Ö‑n¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ a-l-Ã‑n-s‑\ ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n t‑b‑mP‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑p-I h-g‑n A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X\‑m-b J‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑ml‑n-_‑n-s‑â a-ä‑p k-t‑l‑m-Zc-·m-c‑p‑w \-Ã _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑pI‑m-c‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. e-h-¡‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n‑, A-j‑v-d-^‑v, I-_‑oÀ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-hc‑p-s‑S k‑z-´‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v t‑a-J-e-I-f‑nÂ I-g‑n-h‑v -s‑X-f‑nb‑n-¨-h-c‑m-W‑v. k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-s‑c-t‑¸‑m-s‑e k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-a‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S a-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F. t‑h->‑p-t‑h‑mf‑w {‑i-²‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑o-]‑p-{‑X-\‑p‑w X-s‑â a-IÄ j‑u-_‑n-\-b‑ps‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑p-a‑m-b t‑U‑m. F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-a-P‑o-Z‑v h‑n-t‑Z-i _‑n-c‑p-Z‑m-\-´-c-_‑nc‑p-Z-§Ä t‑\-S‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. C-t‑¸‑mÄ J-¯À B-i‑p-]{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ a‑p-J‑y-a‑m-b Ø‑m\‑w h-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. J-¯À c‑m-j‑v-{‑S-s‑¯ t‑I‑m-h‑n-U‑v-19 Â \‑n-¶‑p‑w t‑a‑m-N‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-I‑n-b {‑]-i-k‑v-X-

t‑k-h-\-¯‑n-\‑v A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ `-c-W-I‑q-S‑w t‑U‑m. a-P‑o-Z‑n-s‑\ B-Z-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p h‑n-h‑ml‑w I-g-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n-s‑e a-¡Ä A-j‑v-d-^‑p‑w _-j‑od‑p‑w A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑p-I‑m-c‑m-W‑v. b‑p.-F.-b‑nÂ i‑n-i‑p-t‑c‑m-K-h‑n-Z-K‑v-²-\‑m-b‑n t‑k-h-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑, s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e t‑U‑m. s‑I.-S‑n. k-e‑o-a‑n-s‑â `‑m-c‑y j-a‑o-\ Cu _-Ô-¯n-epÅ a-If‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-§-f‑nÂ I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\t‑¯‑m-S‑v X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w {‑]-I-S‑n¸‑n-¨ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑ml‑n-_‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¶‑ps‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-s‑¯ B-Z-c‑n-¡‑ph‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w h-f-s‑c a‑p¶‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-X-]-c-a‑m-b h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w A-h‑n-i‑z‑m-kh‑p‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w-hg‑n I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-k‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c‑n-I {‑]-Ø‑m\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w A-S‑p-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑p. A-h-b‑p-s‑S F-Ã‑m \-Ã {‑]-hÀ-¯-\§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-I-a-g‑n-ª‑p k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-k-l‑m-b‑w e-`‑n¡‑m-¯ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§Ä s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c§-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-d-h‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. a-e-_‑m-d‑nÂ {‑]-i-k‑v-Xc‑p-‑w `‑q-h‑p-S-a-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H-«-\-h-[‑n a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w_-§-s‑f I‑m-W‑m‑w. a-eh‑m-c-§-f‑p‑w d-ºÀ‑, I‑m-¸‑n‑, Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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t‑X-b‑n-e‑, s‑X-§‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b ¹‑m-t‑â-j-\‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-h-c‑p-s‑S k-¼-¯‑v. `‑q-]-c‑nj‑v-¡-c-W‑w C-h-c‑nÂ ]-e-c‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-`-{‑Z-X X-IÀ-¯‑p. t‑_-¸‑q-c‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w I‑m-kÀt‑¡‑m-s‑«-b‑p‑w D-c‑p \‑nÀ-½‑mW-h‑p‑w I-b-ä‑n-b-b-¡‑e‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b`‑q-]-S-¯‑nÂ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-IÄ¡‑p-Å Ø‑m-\‑w. F.-s‑I. I‑p-ª‑n-a‑m-b‑n³ l‑m-P‑n-b‑p‑w F.-s‑I. J‑m-ZÀ-I‑p-«‑n k‑m-l‑n_‑p‑w C-h‑n-s‑S a‑m-ä-¯‑n-\‑v B-c‑w-`‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p. h-f-]-«W-s‑¯ s‑h-t‑Ì¬ C-´‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n Ø‑m-]\‑w h-g‑n A-hÀ b-{‑´-hÂ¡‑r-X h‑y-h-k‑m-b-k‑w-c‑w-`-Ic‑m-b‑n. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-« i‑q-\‑y-X \‑n-I-¯‑p-¶-X‑v b-Y‑mÀ-°-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â h-ch‑m-W‑v. ]‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v ]‑n.s‑I. A-l‑v-a-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w {‑i-t‑²-b-a‑m-b a‑p-t‑¶-ä‑w \-S-¯‑n. A-hÀ t‑\-«-§-f‑p-s‑S ]‑m-X-b‑nÂ A-X‑n-t‑h-K‑w I‑p-X‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m>‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.-IÄ F-¶-d‑n-bs‑¸-S‑p-¶‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-¯‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v H-«-\-h-[‑n {‑]-X‑y-I-X-I-f‑p>‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-§-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]‑p-c‑m-X-\-h‑p‑w {‑]-i-k‑v-X-h‑pa‑m-b \‑n-c-h-[‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w-_§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n C‑u I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w _-Ô‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶‑p. k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ k‑v-t‑\-lt‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑p-I h-g‑n a‑m-\‑y-·‑mc‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑a-¶ t‑]-c‑v A-hÀ k‑z-´-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶‑p. H-«-\-h-[‑n B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-h‑n-Z-

ap³ hn-Zym-`ym-k a{´n \m-eI-¯v kq-¸n-tbm-sSm¸w. k-ao-]w Fw.F. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³, sI.]n.bp. Aen.

K‑v-[À‑, k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I-h‑n-Z-K‑v-[À‑, k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I- h‑n-Z-K‑v-[À‑, a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑v h‑n-Z-K‑v-[À‑, A-[‑y‑m-]-IÀ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-s‑c I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-I h-g‑n A-hÀ H-c‑p _-l‑pX-e-h‑n-Z-K‑v-[ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w (Resource Family)B-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. h‑y-h-k‑m-b, --h‑m-W‑n-P‑y -c‑w-K-t‑¯-¡‑v {‑]-t‑h-i-\-a‑m-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶ \-h‑m-K-XÀ-¡‑p-Å t‑d‑mÄ-t‑a‑mU-e‑p-IÄ F‑w.-F. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w e-`‑y-a‑m-I‑p¶‑p. C-§-s‑\ H-«-\-h-[‑n \·-IÄ C‑u I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ D->‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¨ ]-¦‑m-W‑v a-ä‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c-W-h·‑m-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w B h-e‑n-b C-¡‑m¡-s‑b‑, F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\‑, h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X\‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C‑u kÂ-K‑p-W‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w A-h-I‑m-i-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v X‑m-\‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b -{‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w k-a-Z‑q-ck‑n-²‑m-´-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-t‑S-X‑v. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w F-Ã‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑m-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯\-§-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w \-Ã _-Ô-§Ä k‑q-£‑n-¨‑p. F-Ã‑m-hÀ¡‑p‑w A-X‑n-c-ä _-l‑p-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I k-l‑m-b§-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑nÂ ]‑n-fÀ-¸‑p->‑m-b‑n A-J‑n-t‑e-´‑y‑m a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-e‑o-K‑v c‑q-]‑o-I‑r-X-a‑m-b I‑m-e‑w. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v a‑nT‑m-b‑n-s‑¯-c‑p-h‑nÂ I‑n-U‑v-k¬ S‑q-d‑nÌ‑v t‑l‑m-a‑nÂ k‑w-Ø‑m-\ H‑m-^‑o-k‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. F-\‑n-¡‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p k‑w-Ø‑m-\-¡-½‑n-ä‑n H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-s‑â N‑p-a-X-e. `-c-W-h‑p‑w k‑n.-F-O‑v. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-t‑I‑m-b k‑ml‑n-_‑n-s‑â t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-h‑p‑w C-´‑y³ b‑q-\‑n-b³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑we‑o-K‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-h-i‑w. F‑w.-s‑I. l‑m-P‑n‑, s‑k-b‑v-X‑p-½À _‑m-^-J‑n X-§Ä‑, s‑N-d‑n-b a-½‑p-t‑¡-b‑n‑, ]‑n.-F‑w. A-_‑q-_-¡À‑, C.-S‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v _-j‑oÀ X‑p-S-§‑n t‑\Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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X‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p h-e‑n-b \‑n-c D->‑mb‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n A-J‑n-t‑e-´‑y‑m e‑o-K‑v h-e‑n-b {‑]-b‑m-k§Ä t‑\-c‑n-«‑p. A-s‑¶‑m-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w ]-X‑n-h‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e s‑k-b‑v-X‑p-½À _‑m-^-J‑n X-§Ä H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. A-h-[‑n s‑X-ä‑n-b H‑m-^‑o-k‑v h‑m-S-I-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v C‑u-b‑pÅ-h³ H‑mÀ-½-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ X-§Ä X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "A-e‑o‑, \-a‑p-¡‑v F-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v H-c‑p c->‑m-b‑n-c‑w c‑q-] I‑n-«‑p-I?' a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-d-ª‑p-I-g‑n-b‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑v X-§Ä t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑m-b‑n F-g‑p-t‑¶-ä‑n-c‑p¶‑p. F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n[‑y‑w D-d-¸‑p h-c‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-{‑]X‑o-£‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n X-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n \-K-c-¯‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑nÂ s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n-c-ä _-l‑p-a‑m-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S F‑w.-F. R-§-s‑f k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. s‑]-s‑«-s‑¶‑mc‑p-¡‑n-b {‑]-`‑m-X-`-£-W-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n R-§-s‑f _-Ô-\-Ø-c‑m-¡‑n. b‑m-{‑X t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑v H-c‑p I-hÀ \-e‑v-I‑ns‑¡‑m->‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-X-§-t‑f‑, C-X‑v ]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w c‑q]-b‑p->‑v. F-\‑n-¡‑v C-X‑n-s‑â t‑X‑m-X‑v A-d‑n-b‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. t‑]‑m-c‑m-b‑v-I-b‑p-s‑>¦‑nÂ X-§-Ä X‑p-d-¶‑p-]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v F-s‑â k-t‑´‑m-j‑w.' F-f‑n-a-t‑b‑m-s‑S a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. \‑m-e‑v-]-¯‑n-b-©‑p s‑I‑m-Ã‑w a‑p-¼‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C‑u ]-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w c‑q-]-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-`‑m-h-\. X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑k-b‑vX‑p-½À _‑m-^-J‑n X-§Ä ]-d-ª‑p: "-A-e‑o‑, h-Ã‑m-s‑¯‑m-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\b‑m-W‑v \‑n-§Ä (A-§‑n-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v X-§Ä G-X‑v I‑p-«‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n¡‑p-I‑) ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-¯-¶-X‑v. F-s‑´‑m-c‑p F-f‑n-a-¯‑w‑! F-s‑´‑m-c‑p h‑n\-b‑w‑! \-½-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w A-b‑m-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v H-¯‑n-c‑n ]‑mT-§Ä ]T‑n-t‑¡->-X‑p>‑v. _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑m-§‑p-¶ K‑p-W-]‑m-T-§Ä.'

A©mdv amkw ap¼v Rm\pw kplr¯v hocm³ Ip-«nbpw IqSn R§-fpsS Kpcp-\m-Y³ {io[-c³amÌsd ImWm³ t]mbn. sImSn-b-¯q-cn-sâbpw Fkv.-sI.-bp.-]n. kv¡qfnsâbpw Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Fw.-F.-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]d-ªn«pw ]d-ªn«pw amjv \nÀ¯n-bn-Ã.

Fw.-F. Im-c³

"-F‑w

.-F.I‑m-c³' I‑p«‑n-¡‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ h‑o-«‑nÂ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w _‑m-¸ ]-d-b‑p-s‑¶‑m-c‑p t‑]-c‑v. b‑u-Æ-\¯‑n-t‑e A-b‑mÄ B-c‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w F-´‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑pÅ‑p. I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-S‑p-¡‑m³ 2000 h-s‑c I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-t‑¡->‑n h-¶‑p. A-¶‑v ]-©‑m-b-¯‑v X‑n-c-s‑ªS‑p-¸‑nÂ t‑h‑m-«‑p-t‑X-S‑n F‑w.-F.I‑mc-s‑â A-S‑p-s‑¯-¯‑n. k‑n.-S‑n.-k‑n. Ø‑m-\‑mÀ-Y‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑o-c‑m³I‑p-«‑n ]-d-t‑b-> X‑m-a-k‑w "-t‑h‑m-«‑p s‑N-¿‑m³ R‑m³ h-c‑p‑w-' a-d‑p-]-S‑n h-¶‑p. _‑m-¸-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å F‑w.F.-b‑p-s‑S B-ß-_-Ô‑w R‑m³ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-X‑v A-¶‑m-W‑v. ]‑p-{‑Xh‑m-Õ-‑y-e-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å B I‑p-i-e‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W-¯‑n-\‑v I‑n-«‑p-¶ A-h-k-c-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v R‑m³ \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. a-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v c->‑p-\‑mÄ a‑p-¼‑v A-t‑±-l‑w s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑n-e‑ps‑>¶-d‑n-ª-]‑m-s‑S I‑m-W‑m³ R‑m-t‑\‑m-S‑n. t‑c‑m-K‑w I-e-i-e‑m-b A-h-i-X-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. t‑k‑m-^-b‑nÂ

N‑m-c‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑mÂ \‑o-«‑n-s‑h-¨‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶‑p. A-S‑p-¯‑p‑w N‑p-ä‑p-a‑m-b‑n a-¡f‑p‑w _-Ô‑p-¡-f‑p‑w. R‑m³ A-S‑ps‑¯-¯‑n-b D-S³ a-I³ \‑m-k‑n (\‑m-kÀ‑) t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä A-d‑n-t‑ª‑m?' "B-e‑o-s‑â a-I-\-t‑Ã.' D-S³ h-¶‑p a-d‑p-]-S‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e DÂ-¸-X‑nj‑v-W‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ k‑n. B-e‑n‑, ]-Å‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑p-I a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, F-Å§Â a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, X-d-½Â A-_‑p‑, I-®-t‑©-c‑n A-Ð‑p-a‑m-ÌÀ‑, ]‑n.]‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-c‑p-s‑S K‑m‑w-M‑n-s‑e k-P‑o-h- A‑w-K-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F‑w.-F. k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-s‑¯-b‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k h-fÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-¯‑v ]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w ‑"-\‑m-S‑p-h‑m-g‑n‑'-I-f‑ps‑S A-\‑o-X‑n-IÄ-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c s‑hÃ‑p-h‑n-f‑n D-bÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w B I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a h-l‑n-¨ ]-¦‑v s‑N-d‑p-X-Ã. G-X‑v `‑o-j-W‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-e-h‑n-f‑ns‑b-b‑p‑w N-¦‑p-d-t‑¸‑m-s‑S t‑\-c‑n-S‑m³ I-c‑p-¯‑p-Å H-c‑p ]-ä‑w s‑N-d‑p-¸-¡‑mc‑p-s‑S H-c‑p I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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kn.-Sn.-kn. A-Ðp-Ã sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ ap³ ]-©mb-¯v {]-knUâv

A-X‑v. \‑n-c-h-[‑n t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-§-f‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X‑w D-d-§‑n-¡‑n-S-¸‑p->‑n-h‑n-s‑S. A-©‑m-d‑v a‑m-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v R‑m-\‑p‑w k‑pl‑r-¯‑v h‑o-c‑m³-I‑p-«‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n R-§-f‑p-s‑S K‑p-c‑p-\‑m-Y³ {‑i‑o-[-c³-a‑m-Ì-s‑d I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w F-k‑v.-s‑I.b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w N-c‑n-{‑X‑w ]-d-b‑pt‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p‑w a‑m-j‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. a‑p-¡-s‑¯ a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-a‑m-c‑p-s‑S ‑"-d‑n‑wK‑v-' s‑]‑m-«‑n-¡‑m³ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b _‑m-¸‑p-t‑h-«-s‑\ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶ I-Y _‑m-¸ ]-d-b‑m-d‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c-s‑\ a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑v N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-Ì-d‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-s‑¶-Ã‑m‑w a‑m-ÌÀ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e¯‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-J‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-¸‑v ]-W‑n A-k‑v-X-a‑n-¡‑m-d‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ F‑w.-F. H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n; s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S ]-£‑w t‑N-c‑p-¶ a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n. t‑\-c‑n-«-d‑n-ª‑p‑w t‑I-«-d‑n-ª‑p-a‑p-Å A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c-s‑\ a-\-Ê‑nÂ

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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I‑p-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n. t‑hÀ-]‑m-S‑n-e‑p‑w P‑z-e‑n-¨‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v B H‑mÀ-½-IÄ. Z-c‑n-{‑ZÀ‑, C-S-¯-c-¡‑mÀ‑, A-¼-e-¡-½‑n-ä‑n-¡‑mÀ a‑p-XÂ ]-Å‑n-¡-½-‑n-ä‑n-¡‑mÀ h-s‑c h‑n-h‑n-[ B-h-i‑y-§Ä-¡‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.s‑b t‑X-S‑n-s‑b-¯‑n. B-s‑c-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F. \‑n-c‑m-i-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. £‑p-`‑n-X-b‑u-Æ-\¯‑n-s‑e h‑n-¹-h-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨ k-l-P‑o-h‑n-k‑v-t‑\l‑w a-c-W‑w h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. A-c‑n-I‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶-hÀ¡‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑p‑w h-g‑n-t‑]‑m-¡À-¡‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w B \·-a-c‑w X-W-t‑e-I‑n. t‑hÀ]‑m-S-d‑n-ª‑v H-g‑p-I‑n-s‑b-¯‑n-b B-b‑n-c-§-f‑nÂ H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p¯À-¡‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-d-b‑m³ B-b‑n-c‑w \‑m-h‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-]‑qÀ-Æ-a‑m-b‑n k-a-c-¯‑ns‑\-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w ‑"h-e‑n-b a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-'-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n¨‑v ]-c‑m-X‑n-s‑b‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-s‑Ã-¶-X‑v R-§-s‑f A-X‑n-i-b‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑`-ã‑p‑w _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c-W-h‑ps‑a-Ã‑m‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m {‑]-Ø‑m\-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p t‑\-s‑c-b‑p-Å I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w X-s‑â \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑pX-d-b‑nÂ D-d-¨‑p-\‑n-¶‑v F-Ã‑mh-s‑c-b‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X F‑w.-F.s‑b s‑h-d‑p-¡‑m³ B-c‑v D-]-t‑Z-i‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w P-\‑w A‑w-K‑oI-c‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. l‑r-Z‑ya‑m-b s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w kÂ-IÀ-½-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w P-\-l‑r-Z-b-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F.¡‑v t‑N-t‑¡-d‑m-\‑m-b‑n. A-§-s‑\ A-t‑±-l‑w i-c‑n-b‑m-b F‑w.-F.¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n.

D-Zm-c-a-Xn-bm-b Fw F ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_v-

s‑]‑m

-¶‑m-\‑n a-J‑vZ‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑I‑m-t‑>‑m-«‑n‑, I‑o-g‑p-]-d-¼‑v, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ Jmkn-amcmbn F-¯‑n-b a‑p-É‑n-b‑m-c-I¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e A-e‑nl-k³ a‑p-k‑v--e‑y‑m-c‑p-s‑S a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v--e‑y‑mc‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑p-¶-¯‑v N‑m-e‑nÂ lpssk³ a‑p-É‑y‑m-c‑p-s‑S a-IÄ D-½-¿-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a‑q-¯ a-I-\‑mW‑v F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑v. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ P‑p-a‑p-A-¯‑v ]-Å‑n J‑m-k‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S-¸‑w H-c‑p \-Ã a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w. B-Z‑y‑w N‑q-cÂ I-¨-h-S‑w X‑p-S§‑n-b A-t‑±-l-w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I‑pS‑p‑w-_ ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-s‑a-t‑¶‑m-W‑w ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â h-g‑n-t‑b k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v _-Ô-§-s‑f D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑nª‑p. ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n X‑n-cs‑ª-S‑p-¯ h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑ne‑q-s‑S A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑nÂ H‑m-«‑p

I-¼-\‑n-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p ]-e h‑y-h-k‑m-b§-f‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑nsâ-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w B-I‑p-e-X-b‑p‑w h‑y‑m-I‑p-e-X-b‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª A-t‑±-l‑w X‑n-I-ª H-c‑p [À-½‑n-j‑vT³ I‑q-S‑n B-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-l-½-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â i-à-\‑m-b h-à‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v BÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. X‑m³ {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ B-i-b-¯‑n-t‑e-t‑¡‑m a‑mÀ-¤-¯‑n-t‑et‑¡‑m I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n £-W‑n-¡‑p-I--tb‑m \‑nÀ-_-Ô‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑m-¯ A-t‑±-l‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v s‑]‑m-X‑p-k½-X-\‑m-b h‑y-à‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ 1988þÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v s‑a-¼-d‑m-b‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑m-W‑v F‑w.F b‑pa‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-S‑p-¡‑m³ k‑m[‑n-¨-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑nÂ D->‑m-I‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v A-t‑§‑m-«‑v s‑N-Ã‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, H-c‑p h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑ps‑S c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e-Ã s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w‑, B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e H-c‑w-K-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v \-s‑½-b‑p‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n¡‑m-d‑v. k‑p-J h‑n-h-c-§Ä A-t‑\‑zj‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w a‑m-{‑X-t‑a h-¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sI hn A-Ðp-d-Òm³ sN-dp-hm-Sn sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ ap³ ]-©mb-¯v {]-knUâv

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ ]m-en-tb-äo-hv `-h³ D-Zv-Lm-S-\-¯nÂ a{´n sI.Sn. P-eoÂ Fw.F.sb B-Z-cn-¡p-¶p. Fw.]n. B-bn-cp-¶p Fw.sF.jm-\-hm-kv k-ao]w.

X‑n-c-¡‑m-d‑p-Å‑q. s‑]‑m-X‑p {‑]-hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡‑v a‑mÀ-¤ \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑w X-c‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ I‑p-d-ª t‑\-c‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w h-¶ I‑mc‑y‑w ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¨-X‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑n-I‑w k-t‑´‑m-j‑w \-a‑p-¡‑p e-`‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v t‑I‑mg‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v Ø‑n-c X‑m-a-k-a‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ a-I³ A-ÐpÂ-\m-k-dn-sâ a-I³ Fw.F. ap-l-½Zn-s\m¸w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w s‑S-e‑n-t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-¡-s‑f B-s‑csb-¦‑n-e‑p‑w (A-k‑o-k‑n-s‑\t‑b‑m‑, \‑m-k-d‑n-s‑\-t‑b‑m‑) I->‑mÂ a-X‑n‑, R‑m³ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p ]-d-t‑ª‑mf‑w F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w. s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n Z‑m-d‑pÂ l-k-\‑m-¯‑v C-É‑m-a‑n-I‑v A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p t‑I‑m-« \‑n-Ýb‑n-¨‑v F-Ã‑m hÀ-j-h‑p‑w I‑r-X‑ya‑m-b‑n A-b-¨‑p X-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w _-Ô‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-b ]-¦‑p->‑v. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v t‑]-s‑c t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑nÂ I-b-ä‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w h-e‑n-b ]-¦‑p h-l‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ F-t‑¸‑mÄ F-h‑n-s‑S h-¨‑v I->‑me‑p‑w h->‑n \‑nÀ-¯‑n k‑p-J h‑n-h-c-§-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c‑y-§f‑p‑w A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-¶ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-s‑_-¶ R-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b F‑w.F I‑m-c-s‑\ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑n-Ã.

"AÐpÃ \Ã Dd-¸pÅ sIm¼m-WtÃm ]nSn-¨ncn-¡p¶Xv " F¶v Ipsd Znh-k-t¯¡v Hm^o-knÂ kwkmcap-@m-bn-cp-¶pht{X. amt\-Pvsaâ n\v Fs¶ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯ B D¶-X-hyàn Bcm-sW¶v, B Dd-¸pÅ sIm¼v GXm-sW-¶v, AhÀ¡n¶pw AÚmX-am-Wv.

h-gn-¯n-cn-hnÂ H-cp h-gn-hn-f-¡v

^‑m

-d‑q-J‑v s‑{‑S-b‑n-\‑n‑w-K‑v t‑I‑mt‑f-P‑nÂ ‑"-e-I‑v-N-dÀ C³ F-P‑p-t‑¡-j³-‑' F-¶ P-\dÂ X-k‑v-X‑n-I H-g‑n-h‑p-s‑>-¶‑p‑w D-S-s‑\ A-t‑]-£ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-Ws‑a-¶‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ A-[‑y‑m-]-I\‑m-b F-s‑â a‑m-\‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-X³ {‑i‑o. k‑n.-F³. _‑m-e-I‑r-j‑v-W³ \-¼‑y‑mÀ (C.N.B.‑) 1986-Â F-s‑¶ A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. R-§Ä s‑I‑m-S‑p-h-Å‑n s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ k-l-{‑]-hÀ-¯-Ic‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â D-]t‑Z-i-a-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑m-W‑v R‑m³ F‑w.F-U‑v. (s‑h-t‑¡-j³‑) t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑n-\‑v I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v b‑q-\‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-b‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¶‑v ]T‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑]-£ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. \‑n-b-a\‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-h‑m³ s‑s‑]-k-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑h->. ]-t‑£‑, A-t‑]-£-I-s‑\¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-b [‑m-c-W-b‑p-Å H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S ]‑n³-_-e‑w t‑h-W‑w. A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n N‑n-e-s‑c k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑n-c‑p¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w ^-e‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v H-S‑p-h‑nÂ s‑k-{‑I-«c‑n-s‑b s‑N-¶‑p I->-t‑¸‑mÄ a-\-Ê‑ne‑m-b‑n. C-§-s‑\ H-c‑p t‑]‑m-Ì‑v H-g‑n-h‑v

h-c‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v B-Z‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v, k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-Ia‑m-b‑p‑w‑, t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n-\-I-¯‑p-Å-hÀ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. a-e-b‑m-f‑w A-[‑y‑m]-I³ {‑i‑o. F-c‑p-t‑a-e‑n ]-c-t‑ai‑z-c³ ]‑n-Å ]‑n-c‑n-b‑p-¶ k-µÀ-`‑w. \‑n-e-h‑nÂ P-\-dÂ X-k‑v-X‑n-I-b‑ne‑p-Å BÄ A-t‑¸‑mÄ a-e-b‑m-f¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-d‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\b‑m-W‑v P-\-dÂ t‑]‑m-Ì‑v H-g‑n-h‑v h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. C-X‑v I‑m-t‑e-¡‑q-«‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n-s‑e a‑q-¶‑p {‑]-[‑m-\-h‑y-à‑n-IÄ X-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑h->-s‑¸-«-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h->‑n N‑n-e I-c‑p-\‑o-¡-§Ä \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑mÄ H-c‑p s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑qÄ S‑o-¨-s‑d I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v b‑q-\‑n-t‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-b‑nÂ F‑w.-F-U‑v. t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑n-\‑v t‑NÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑vX‑p‑, H-g‑n-h‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑v t‑b‑mK‑y-X t‑\-S‑m³ t‑h>‑n. "-\‑n-§Ä-¡‑v \‑n-Ý‑n-X t‑b‑m-K‑yX-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m {‑]‑n³-k‑n-¸‑mÄ ]-d-ª-X‑v-' C-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p s‑k-{‑I«-c‑n- l-k³-I‑p-«‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w. F-s‑â t‑b‑m-K‑y-X A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ [-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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]n.-sI. A-Ðp-Ã dn-«-tbÀ-Uv A-²ym-]I³

F-sâ D-½ a-cn¡p-t¼mÄ "-Hm³-' (lp-ssk³) ssl-Z-cm-_mZn-em-bn-cp-¶p. aq-¶mw Zn-h-kw \m-«n-se-¯n. hn-h-c-a-dn-ªv ho-«nÂ h-¶p. A-t¸mÄ Rm³ ho-«n-en-Ã. t^m-WnÂ kw-km-cn¨p. ap-J-Zm-hnÂ Im-Wm-sa-¶v ]-dªp. c@v Zn-h-kw I-gnªm-Wv apJ-Zm-hnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv, Xm-Sn Iq-«n-s¡-«n-b \n-e-bnÂ. B X-Wp-¯ s\-änbnÂ Rm³ Npw-_-\-a À-¸n-¨p,

¨-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]‑n³-k‑n-¸-e‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m\‑m-W‑v, t‑\-s‑c h‑m‑, t‑\-s‑c t‑]‑m F-¶ k‑z-`‑m-h-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑, A-t‑±l‑w D-]-t‑Z-i‑n-¨-X‑v. A-S‑p-¯ _-Ê‑n-\‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑ns‑e-¯‑n. I-\-¯ D-X‑v-¡-W‑vT-t‑b‑m-S‑v I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v {‑]‑n³-k‑n-¸-e‑n-s‑\ k-a‑o]‑n-¨-X‑v. I‑m-c-W‑w‑, F-s‑â A-t‑]£-b‑p‑w _-Ô-s‑¸-« t‑c-J-I-f‑p‑w k‑q-£‑v-a-a‑m-b‑n ]T‑n-¨ t‑i-j-a‑m-b‑nc‑n-¡‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m A-t‑±-l‑w s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑nt‑b‑m-S‑v A-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p->‑mh‑p-I. _‑n.-F. a‑p-XÂ F-Ã‑m ]-c‑o-£-IÄ-¡‑p‑w (B.A., B.Ed., M.A., M.Ed.) ^-Ì‑v ¢‑m-Ê‑p‑w _‑n.F.¡‑v ^-Ì‑v d‑m-¦‑p-a‑p-s‑>-\‑n-¡‑v. s‑k-¡³-U‑v ¢‑m-t‑Ê B-h-i‑y-a‑pÅ‑p. S‑o-¨‑n‑w-K‑v kÀ-Æ‑o-k‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ F-«‑p hÀ-j-h‑p‑w (B-h-i‑y-a‑p-Å-X‑v a‑q-¶‑p hÀ-j‑w‑) s‑s‑{‑]-a-d‑n-b‑nÂ ]-X‑n-\‑m-d‑p hÀ-j-h‑pa‑p-s‑>-\‑n-¡‑v. k‑z-b‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b t‑i-j‑w‑, s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n ]-d-ª-X‑p s‑I‑m->m-W‑v R‑m³ I‑m-W‑m³ h-¶-s‑X-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. F-\‑n-¡‑p-Å A-t‑b‑m-K‑y-X F-´‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑n-\b-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. h‑y-à-a‑m-b a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑n-Ã. F-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w A-t‑±l-s‑¯ A-k‑z-Ø-\‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-¶‑v i-c‑o-c-`‑m-j-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v k‑v-]-ã‑w. F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-S‑m-s‑X-b‑m-W‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑w. H-S‑p-h‑nÂ "-You pull the strings‑' -F-¶ D-]-t‑Z-i-h‑p‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑v C-d-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-¶‑p. ‑"-N-c-S‑v h-e‑n-t‑¨‑m-f‑q‑, ^-e-s‑a-´‑mI‑p-s‑a-¶‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v I‑m-W‑m-a-t‑Ã‑m-‑' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w B "-D-]-t‑Z-i'-¯‑ns‑â B-´-c‑mÀ-°-s‑a-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑v ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-Ê-l‑mb-\‑m-b‑n a-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v t‑_‑m-t‑[‑m-Z-b-a‑p->‑m-b‑n. ‑"-C-¡‑m¡'-s‑b I‑m-W-W‑w‑, A-t‑±-l‑w s‑s‑I-a-eÀ-¯‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ C‑u k‑w-c‑w-`‑w D-t‑]-£‑n-¡‑p-I X-s‑¶. I‑m-c-W‑w‑, D-¶-X-c‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m a-d‑pFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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`‑m-K-¯‑p-Å-X‑v. A-§-s‑\ N‑n´‑n-¡‑m³ t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ N‑n-e k‑q-N-\-IÄ I‑n-«‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑nc‑p-¶‑p. (F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑v C-¡‑m-¡-b‑m-b-s‑X-§-s‑\-s‑b¶‑v X‑m-s‑g h‑n-h-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.‑) C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b I->‑v I‑m-c‑ys‑a-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-k‑v-X-c‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª‑p. D-S-s‑\ s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p I-s‑¯g‑p-X‑n-¯-¶‑p.H-«‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-s‑X R‑m³ s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n-s‑b s‑N-¶‑pI->‑p. I-¯‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨ D-S-s‑\ s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n t‑\‑m-«‑p-_‑p-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑v A-X‑nÂ F-t‑´‑m-F-g‑p-X‑n F-t‑¶‑mS‑v t‑]‑m-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-Å‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ k‑w-k‑m-c‑n¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑n-S-¸‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑n-S‑n I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡W‑w. A-h‑y-à-X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-\Ê‑nÂ. A-¡‑m-c‑y‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-¨t‑¸‑mÄ C.N.B. ]-d-ª‑p: "-s‑k{‑I-«-c‑n t‑\‑m-«‑p-_‑p-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑mÂ I‑m-c‑y‑w D-d-¨-X‑p X-s‑¶‑, C-\‑ns‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑]-S‑n-¡->. s‑s‑[-c‑y-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m-f‑q.' s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]-e \‑n-eb‑v-¡‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯ h‑y-à‑n-_-Ô‑w X-s‑¶-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-\‑v. ^‑m-d‑qJ‑m-_‑m-Z‑n-s‑e Ø‑m-]-\-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h->‑n e-£-§Ä k‑w-`‑m-h-\ s‑N-¿‑m-d‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±l‑w. C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v R‑m-\-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v. \‑n-Ý‑n-X-k-a-b-¯‑v X-s‑¶ CâÀ-h‑y‑q \-S-¶‑p. F-c‑p-t‑a-e‑nb‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S A-¶-s‑¯ {‑]‑n³k‑n-¸-e‑p‑w h‑n-c-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-t‑a‑m `‑m-h‑n-{‑]‑n³-k‑n-¸-t‑e‑m CâÀ-h‑y‑q t‑_‑mÀ-U‑n-e‑n-Ã. ]-I-c‑w t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n-s‑e H-c‑p k‑o-\‑n-bÀ A-[‑y‑m-]-I³-. a‑m-t‑\-P‑n‑w-K‑v I-½‑nä‑n-s‑b {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v A-U‑zs‑¡-ä‑v F‑w. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v.

k-_‑v-P-Î‑v F-I‑v-k‑v-]À-«‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑ns‑e-¯-s‑¶ {‑i‑o-a-X‑n i‑m-´-½‑m-c‑mP‑p. A-hÀ (C-¶‑v P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-Ã‑) h-f-s‑c k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑m-W‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑v. ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, CâÀh‑y‑q-h‑n-\‑v h-¶ H-c‑p h-\‑n-X-s‑b N‑q->‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v H-c‑mÄ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-«‑p: "-A-X‑m A-h-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v c->‑p hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑v F‑w.-F-U‑v. t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑n\‑v ]-d-ª-b-¨‑v C‑u t‑]‑m-Ì‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n H-c‑p-¡‑n \‑nÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v.' A-X‑v t‑I-«-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]-X‑o-£b‑v-¡‑v h-I-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-s‑b-¦‑ne‑p‑w C.N.B. b‑p-s‑S \‑n-c‑o-£-W‑w s‑X-ä‑p-I-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v a‑p-¶-\‑p-`-h-§Ä F-s‑¶ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\‑, 24 hÀ-j-s‑¯ kÀ¡‑mÀ kÀ-Æ‑o-k‑v c‑m-P‑n-s‑h-¨‑v 1986 U‑n-k-¼À 16\‑v R‑m³ ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v s‑{‑S-b‑n-\‑n‑w-K‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ Lecturer in Education F-¶ X-k‑v-X‑n-Ib‑nÂ t‑P‑m-b‑v³ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. "-A-Ð‑p-Ã \-Ã D-d-¸‑p-Å s‑I‑m¼‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X-' F-¶‑v I‑p-s‑d Z‑n-h-k-t‑¯-¡‑v H‑m-^‑ok‑nÂ k‑w-k‑m-c-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-ht‑{‑X. C.N.B. X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶ A-X-d‑n-b‑n-¨-X‑v. a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑n-\‑v F-s‑¶ ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑mS‑p-¯ B D-¶-X-h‑y-à‑n B-c‑ms‑W-¶‑v, B D-d-¸‑p-Å s‑I‑m-¼‑v G-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v, A-hÀ-¡‑n-¶‑p‑w A-Ú‑m-X-a‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p-a‑mb‑p‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v h‑o-S‑p-a‑m-b‑pa‑p-Å F-s‑â _-Ô‑w X‑p-S-§‑p-¶-X‑v _‑m-e‑y‑w a‑p-X-e‑v-¡‑m-W‑v. B h‑o-«‑nÂ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w R‑m³ A-´‑n-b‑p-d-§‑nb‑n-«‑p->‑v. B h‑o-«‑n-s‑e ]-S‑m-¸‑p-d-¯‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â (am\p) I‑q-s‑S-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑v ]-e-X-h-W `-£W‑w I-g‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-a‑p->‑v. A-s‑¶-\‑n-¡‑v 10 h-b-Ê‑v. A-\‑p-P³ l‑p-s‑s‑k³ (I‑p-ª‑m³‑) F-s‑â k-l-]‑m-T‑n-b‑p‑w

D-ä k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑pª‑m³ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e R‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ C-¡‑m-¡ F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p. A-h‑n-S-s‑¯ D-½s‑b D-½-s‑b-¶‑p‑w. I‑p-ª‑m-\‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w A-©‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ ] T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. h-S-¡-½-e-b‑nÂ (h‑n-f-t‑¡t‑´‑m-S‑v) h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b‑n I-¸-¡‑rj‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-¸ s‑h-«‑n-b‑p-W-¡‑n I-b-ä‑n A-b¡‑p-¶ ]-W‑n-b‑m-W‑v \-S-¡‑p-¶X‑v. I-¸ s‑X‑m-e‑n I-f-b‑p-¶-X‑p‑w s‑h-«‑p-¶-X‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å-h-c‑m-W‑v. I‑q-«¯‑nÂ k‑v-{‑X‑o-I-f‑p-a‑p->‑v. D-½-b‑v¡‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S ]-W‑n-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I-W‑w. F-s‑¶ B-s‑c G-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p‑w? A-½‑m-h-\‑v F-s‑¶¡‑q-S‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I t‑i-j‑n-b‑n-Ã. D-½ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-s‑¯ D-½-s‑b k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑p. ]-d-t‑b-> X‑m-a-k‑w‑, A-hÀ k-t‑´‑m-j-t‑¯‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n F-s‑¶ G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. D-½ X‑n-c‑ns‑¨-¯‑p-¶-X‑p h-s‑c-b‑p-Å H-c‑m-g‑vN-t‑b‑m A-X‑nÂ I‑q-S‑p-X-t‑e‑m I‑me‑w R‑m³ A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v, k‑z-´‑w h‑o-S‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e. C-X‑v ]-e-I‑p-d‑n B-hÀ¯‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. a-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â G-X‑m-\‑p‑w Z‑n-h-k-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑m-W‑v A-h-k‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n Cv-¡m¡sb I->-X‑v. 2019 t‑a-b‑v 5\‑v R‑m-b-d‑mg‑v-N. X‑o-s‑c h-¿‑m-¯ A-h-Ø. s‑s‑I h‑n-d-b‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-ª‑n t‑I‑m-c‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑]-b‑m-k‑w. ]-t‑£‑, H‑mÀ-½-i-à‑n-¡‑v H-c‑p a-§Ât‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑n-Ã. I‑r-X‑y‑w H-¶-c a‑m-k‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v A-t‑±-l‑w h‑nS-]-d-ª‑p. R‑m³ t‑]‑m-¶ t‑ij‑w‑, a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å F-s‑â _-Ô‑w h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p-s‑h-¶‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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1993þse l-Öv th-f-bnÂ ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ A-\n-b³ aÀlqw Fw.F. lp-ssk³ lmPn (a-[y-¯nÂ), aÀlqw ap-l½-Zv jm lmPn (h-e-t¯ A-äw), ju-¡¯-en km-ln_v (CS-t¯ Aäw)

\‑m-k‑nÀ ]-d-ª-d‑n-ª‑p. H-g‑n-h‑p Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑nÂ‑, I‑p-ª‑m-s‑â I‑q«‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b R-§Ä I‑p-s‑d t‑]-c‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w I-f‑n-¡‑m³. R-§Ä-¡‑v H‑m-S‑n-¡-f‑n-¡-W‑w. H-f‑n-¨‑p I-f‑n-¡-W‑w. F-Ã‑m a‑p-¡‑n-e‑p‑w a‑q-e-b‑ne‑p‑w R-§-s‑f-¯‑p‑w. K-X‑n s‑I-S‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D-½ ]-d-b‑p‑w: "-H‑m-\‑p‑w H‑m-s‑â _‑m-e‑m-¡-·‑m-c‑p‑w I‑q-S‑y‑m ]‑n-s‑¶ s‑k‑m-b‑v-c‑y-Ã.' F-s‑â D-½ a-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ‑"-H‑m³-‑' (l‑ps‑s‑k³‑) s‑s‑l-Z-c‑m-_‑m-Z‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑q-¶‑m‑w Z‑n-h-k‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. h‑n-h-c-a-d‑n-ª‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ h-¶‑p. A-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ h‑o-«‑n-e‑n-Ã. t‑^‑mW‑nÂ k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. a‑p-J-Z‑m-h‑nÂ I‑m-W‑m-s‑a¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. c>‑v Z‑n-h-k‑w I-g‑n-ª‑m-W‑v a‑p-J-Z‑m-h‑nÂ I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑v, X‑m-S‑n I‑q-«‑n-s‑¡-«‑n-b \‑n-e-b‑nÂ. B X-W‑p-¯ s‑\-ä‑n-b‑nÂ R‑m³ N‑p‑w-_-\-aÀ-¸‑n-¨‑p‑, C‑u P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ F-s‑â H-t‑c-s‑b‑m-c‑p B-ß-k‑p-l‑r-¯‑n-\‑p-Å A-´‑yN‑p‑w-_-\‑w. \‑m-e‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v F-s‑â D-½b‑p-s‑S s‑\-ä‑n-b‑n-eÀ-¸‑n-¨ A-t‑X N‑p‑w-_-\‑w. C‑u-s‑b‑m-c‑p I‑p-d‑n-¸‑nÂ H-X‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p¶-X-Ã B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å‑, h‑ni‑n-j‑y I‑p-ª‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å‑, _-Ô‑w. F-s‑â h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k‑, k‑m‑w-k‑v-¡‑m-c‑n-I‑, k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I c‑w-K-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-X‑v s‑I-«‑p-]‑n-W-ª‑p I‑n-S¡‑p-¶‑p. s‑{‑]‑m-^. ]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v I‑p-«-t‑È-c‑n- h-g‑n-FFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

s‑â a‑q-¯-a-IÄ ^‑m-X‑z‑n-a-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-h‑ml‑m-t‑e‑m-N-\ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p s‑]‑m-S‑n s‑]‑m-¶‑p- t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑n-Ã. \‑n-I‑m-l‑n-s‑â X-t‑e Z‑n-h-k‑w h-s‑c C-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p Ø‑n-X‑n. h-cs‑â I‑q-«À-¡‑v A-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑h->‑, I‑p«‑n-s‑b a‑m-{‑X‑w a-X‑n. ]-t‑£‑, a‑m-\‑w F-¶ H-¶‑p->-t‑Ã‑m‑, F-{‑X s‑N-d‑n-b-h-\‑p‑w. A-X‑v I‑m-¡‑m³ F-´‑v s‑N-¿-W‑w‑, A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p N‑n-´. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n t‑_‑m-t‑[‑m-Z-b‑w. c‑m-{‑X‑n X-s‑¶ F‑w.-F. A-j‑v-d-^‑n-s‑â (^‑m-¯‑n-a P‑z-Ã-d‑n‑, a‑p-¡‑w‑) h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n‑, k-¦-S‑m-h-Ø ]‑p-d-s‑a I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-s‑X ]-d-ª‑p: "-A-U‑z‑m³-k‑v X-c‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F-s‑â ]-¡Â H-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã.' "-{‑]-i‑v-\-a‑n-Ã‑, \‑m-s‑f P‑z-Ã-d‑n-b‑nÂ h-¶‑mÂ a-X‑n.' a-\-Ê‑v X-W‑p-¯‑p. H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ k-l‑m-b‑w. h‑n-t‑Z-i¯‑v t‑]‑m-b t‑i-j‑w I‑p-t‑d-s‑È-b‑m-b‑m-W‑v, F-s‑â i‑n-j‑y³ I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b A-j‑v-d‑p-h‑n-s‑â‑, B I-S‑w R‑m³ h‑o-«‑n-b-X‑v. B D-½-b‑v-¡‑v, B _‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v, B k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§Ä-¡‑v R‑m³ B-g-¯‑nÂ I-S-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w {‑]‑mÀ°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S.

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Fw.-F. apl-½Zv kmln-_ns\ R§-Ä kao-]n-¨v Imcy-¯nsâ \nP-ØnXn At±-ls¯ t_m[y-s¸Sp¯n. Hcp aSnbpw IqSmsX At±lw Hcp henb sjVv tabm-\pÅ HmSv apgp-h³ kuP-\y-ambn Xcmsa¶v k½-Xn-¨p. Hcp ]qhv tNmZn-¨-t¸mÄ Hcp ]q¡mew Xs¶ In«n-b R§-fpsS kt´m-j-¯n-\-fhn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.

\-Ã HmÀ-½-IÄ a-cn-¡n-Ã

I‑n

-g-¡³ a-e-t‑b‑m-c-t‑aJ-e-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-i-k‑v-X k-c-k‑z-X‑o-t‑£-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v ]‑n.-S‑n.F‑w.-F-¨‑v.-F-k‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ. 1979-e‑m-W‑v C‑u h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e I‑m-c-¡‑p-ä‑n-b‑ne‑p-Å a-{‑Z-k-b‑nÂ {‑]-hÀ-¯-\a‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¨-X‑v. _‑m-e‑m-c‑n-ã-X-IÄ A-X‑n-P‑o-h‑n-¨‑v, C-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑mS‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑p-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, t‑I-c-f¯‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶ N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑nÂ k‑zÀ-®-e‑n-]‑n-I-f‑mÂ t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p¯-s‑¸-« H-c‑p h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-Ø‑m]-\-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v. C-X‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨b‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w N‑n-e a-l‑m-a-\-k‑v-¡-c‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑p-I-f‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¯‑p h‑m-b‑n-t‑¡->-X‑p>‑v. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-]-c-a‑m-b‑n h-f-s‑c ]‑n-t‑¶‑m-¡‑w \‑n-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p t‑a-J-e-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑qÀ. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-e‑m-ja‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p H-c‑p s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑qÄ. A-§-s‑\‑, kÀ-¡‑m-d‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v H-c‑p F-b‑v-U-U‑v s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑qÄ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑p I‑n-«‑p-I-b‑p‑w 1982Â A-X‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y F-k‑v.-F-k‑v.-

FÂ.-k‑n. _‑m-¨‑v X-c-t‑¡-S‑n-Ã‑m-¯ d‑n-kÄ-t‑«‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-§‑pI-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. 1980/81 emWv k‑v-¡‑qÄ X-S‑mb‑nÂ k‑z-´‑w s‑I-«‑n-S-¯‑nÂ {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑nbXv. I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S F-®‑w I‑q-S‑n-¯‑p-S§‑n‑, A-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑p‑w. Ì‑m-^‑v, ^À-W‑o-¨À‑, I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å‑w F-´‑n-t‑\-s‑d A-S-¨‑p-d-¸‑p-Å H-c‑p s‑I-«‑n-S‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h-e‑n-b t‑N‑m-Z‑yN‑n-Ó-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n. a-®‑n-«‑v N‑m-WI‑w s‑a-g‑p-I‑n-b \‑n-e‑w. ]-«‑n-I-b‑v-¡‑p a‑p-I-f‑nÂ j‑o-ä‑v h-e‑n-¨‑p s‑I-«‑n-b t‑aÂ-¡‑q-c. I‑m-ä-S‑n-¨‑mÂ ]‑m-d‑nt‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶ A-h-Ø. H‑m-^‑o-k‑p‑w I‑p-d-¨‑p ¢‑m-Ê‑p-a‑p-d‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w H‑m-S‑n-«-X‑v. I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å‑w‑, t‑S‑m-b‑v-e-ä‑v, t‑¹-{‑K‑u->‑v C-h-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w \‑m-a-a‑m{‑X‑w. C‑u I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v R‑m³‑, 1983 P‑q-W‑nÂ C‑u Ø‑m]-\-¯‑nÂ k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X A-[‑y‑m-]‑n-I-b‑m-b‑n t‑NÀ-¶-X‑v. A-¶-s‑¯ ]‑n.-S‑n.-F. {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e H-c‑p a‑m-\‑yI‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-a‑m-b {‑i‑o. F‑w.-F.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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ssi-e-P So-¨À ]n.-F-kv. ]n-Sn-Fw ssl-kv-IqÄ dn-«. A-²ym]nI

]n.Sn.Fw. ssl-kv-IqÄ Hm-Sp-ta-ª ]-g-b sI-«nSw

H-cp a-Sn-bpw Iq-Sm-sX A-t±lw H-cp h-en-b sj-Vv ta-bm\p-Å Hm-Sv apgp-h³ ku-P-\yam-bn X-cm-sa-¶v k-½-Xn-¨p.

A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ a‑m-ÌÀ -B-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. H‑m-t‑c‑m-t‑c‑m {‑]-i‑v-\‑w h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mg‑p‑w ]‑n.-S‑n.-F. a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p ]-c‑n-l‑m-c‑w I-s‑>¯‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m-I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑y‑m-]-I-c‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w H-c‑pt‑]‑m-s‑e k-l-I-c‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-t‑X k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-t‑l‑mZ-c³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w a‑m-ÌÀ. \‑m-S‑n-s‑â aÀ-½-h‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m`‑y‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â a‑q-e‑y-h‑p‑w \-¶‑m-b-d‑nb‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b‑m-W-t‑±-l‑w. {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä-¡‑v Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b ]-c‑n-l‑m-c‑w I‑m-W‑m³ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w H-¶‑n-¨‑p N‑n-´‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n. `‑o-a-a‑m-b k‑w-J‑y a‑p-S-¡‑m³ a‑m-t‑\P‑v-s‑aâ‑n-t‑\‑m A-[‑y‑m-]-IÀ-t‑¡‑m I-g‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e k‑m-a‑m-\‑y‑w t‑`Z-s‑¸-« k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I t‑i-j‑n-b‑p-Å N‑n-e-s‑c k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑m³ X-s‑¶ X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑ns‑e a‑q-¯ k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ R-§-Ä k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑v I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-PØ‑n-X‑n A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ t‑_‑m-[‑ys‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. H-c‑p a-S‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑m-s‑X A-t‑±-l‑w H-c‑p h-e‑n-b s‑j-V‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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t‑a-b‑m-\‑p-Å H‑m-S‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ k‑u-P\‑y-a‑m-b‑n X-c‑m-s‑a-¶‑v k-½-X‑n-¨‑p. H-c‑p ]‑q-h‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p ]‑q-¡‑m-e‑w X-s‑¶ I‑n-«‑n-b R-§-f‑p-s‑S k-t‑´‑mj-¯‑n-\-f-h‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e a‑n-¡ I‑p«‑n-I-f‑p‑w C-t‑X k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ X-s‑¶b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]T‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. B-c‑p‑w t‑a‑m-i-¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ s‑N-Ã‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, H‑m-S‑v I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, R-§-s‑f-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ H‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w. ]-t‑c‑m-]I‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-h‑n-[ Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑nÂ \‑m-«‑p-I‑mc‑m-b [‑m-c‑m-f‑w t‑]À t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑p¶‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-t‑±l-s‑¯ k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n-t‑b k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑q. B k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§Ä F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-s‑â-b‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-f‑mW‑v. B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e G-X‑m->‑v A-d‑p-]-X‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f R‑m³ ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-h-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w F-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-h-c‑m-W‑v. C‑u k-µÀ-`-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-k‑v-a-c-W-k‑w-c‑w`-¯‑nÂ C‑u F-f‑n-b k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑nb‑p‑w ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶‑p. \-Ã H‑mÀ½-IÄ a-c‑n-¡‑n-Ã. I‑m-e‑w F-¶‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑\ a‑n-\‑p-¡‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¡‑p‑w.

kp¶n k{¼-Zm-b-¯nÂ \n¶v hfsc hyXykvX coXn-bn-em-bn-cp¶p Cu \n¡mlv \S-¶-Xv. ImÀ½n-IXzw hln-¨n-cp¶ ]ptcm-ln-X³ `mcym-`À¯m-¡·msc kZ-Ên\p ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n. Ip«n-l-k-t\mSv tNmZn¨p: "\n§Ä dpJn-¿sb hnhmlw sN¿m³ X¿m-dmtWm?" Ip«n-l-k³ Fgp-t¶äp \n¶p "AsX" F¶p ]d-ªp.

Fw.-F.-¡m-c³

-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑K‑m-a‑w t‑I‑m-g‑nt‑¡‑m-S‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F-¶‑p t‑]-c‑p-Å C‑u {‑K‑m-a‑w C-c‑p-h-g‑n-ª‑n-¸‑p-g-b‑ps‑S X‑o-c-¯‑m-W‑v Ø‑n-X‑n s‑N-¿‑p-¶X‑v. C-t‑X t‑]-c‑n-e‑p-Å R-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v a-e-¸‑p-d‑w P‑n-Ã‑m A-X‑nÀ-¯‑n h-s‑c h‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p I‑nS-¡‑p-¶‑p. C‑u {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑e H-c‑p ]‑u-c‑m-W‑n-I I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-a‑m-W‑v a‑p-k‑ve‑y‑m-c-I‑w. A-hÀ s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p h-¶-h-c‑m-W‑v. R-§-f‑p-s‑S ]-Å‑n-b‑n-s‑e ]-t‑c-X-\‑m-b a‑p³ J‑m-k‑n A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑ve‑y‑m-c‑p-s‑S a‑q-¯ a-I-\‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. B-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³? H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v D-¯-c-§Ä C‑u t‑N‑mZ‑y-¯‑n-\‑v ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m-\‑p>‑m-h‑p‑w. A-X‑nÂ H-¶‑v a‑p-I-f‑nÂ ]-d-ª F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v X-s‑¶. N‑n-eÀ-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S¡‑m-c-\‑m-W‑v. N‑n-eÀ-¡‑v a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑nb‑m-W‑v. a-ä‑p-N‑n-eÀ-¡‑v I‑q-¸‑v t‑e-e‑w h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ I‑q-¸‑p-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n. s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n D-S-a. H‑m-S‑v \‑nÀ-½‑m-W a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n. F-t‑Ìä‑v D-S-a‑, I‑r-j‑n-¡‑m-c³‑, I-¨-h-

S-¡‑m-c³ X‑p-S-§‑n [‑m-c‑m-f‑w \‑n-e-I-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-i-k‑vX-\‑m-W‑v. [‑m-c‑m-f‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w a-ä‑p h‑n-Z-K‑v-[ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w a-X-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w \‑m-«‑nÂ h-fÀ-¶‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-t‑f‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w F‑w.F.-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑m-b‑n. A-¶‑v h-e‑n-b k-¼-¶-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. I‑q-¸‑p-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v k-¼-¯‑v I‑q-S‑n-h-¶X‑v. I‑q-¸‑p-t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑v A-t‑±l-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p t‑I-« N‑n-e X-a‑m-i-IÄ H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ h-c‑p-Ib‑m-W‑v. \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c-¯‑nÂ a‑p-g‑pI‑p-¶ t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v, "-]-W‑ns‑b-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¨‑p k-a-b‑w I-f-b‑m-\-Ã \‑n-§-s‑f s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶-X‑v-' F-¶‑v I-f‑n-b‑m¡‑n ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑{‑X. F‑w.-F.I‑m-c³ h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯ a-c‑w F-{‑X a‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w X‑o-c‑m-¯-X‑m-s‑WFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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F.-Fw. A-ÐpÂh-lm-_v dn-«. A-²ym-]I³ {]m-tZin-I N-cn-{X-Imc³

¶‑v k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡Ä A-t‑\‑y‑m-\‑y‑w ]-d-b‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ ]‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v C-X‑ns‑\‑m-s‑¡ {‑]‑m-b-Ý‑n-X‑z‑w s‑N-b‑vX‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v, a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-IÄ-¡‑v A-h-c-h-c‑p-s‑S B-N‑m-c‑m-\‑p-j‑vT‑m-\§Ä \-S-¯‑p-h‑m³ F-Ã‑m h‑n-[ k‑u-I-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-l‑m-b‑w e-`‑n-¨-hÀ-¡‑v A-t‑±l‑w D-Z‑m-c-a-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e s‑]‑m-X‑p-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ k-P‑o-h-k‑m¶‑n-²‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p‑w a-X-k‑wL-S-\-I-f‑p‑w k‑w-`‑m-h-\-b‑v-¡‑p t‑h>‑n \‑n-c-´-c‑w k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑m-d‑p>‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑p-¶‑n-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-d‑n N‑n-´‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ F-¯‑n-

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s‑¸-«‑p. A-d‑p-]-X‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v C‑u a‑m-ä‑w \-S-¶-X‑v. B k‑w-L-S\-b‑p-s‑S D-¶-X-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑nÂ h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w F-¯‑n-. s‑]‑mX‑p-s‑h i‑m-´-{‑]-I‑r-X-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v h‑n-h‑m-Z-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶-I-¶‑p P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-ã‑w. F-¶‑mÂ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑nh‑m-Z-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w A-I-s‑¸«‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. k‑w-L-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w B-hi‑y-¡‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w I->-d‑n-ª‑p k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-I‑r-X-¡‑m-c\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mc‑p‑w k-a-{‑]‑m-b-¡‑m-c‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r¯‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p. C‑u t‑e-J-\-¯‑nÂ R‑m-\‑p‑w B t‑]-c‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v C-ã-s‑¸S‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w k‑p-µ-c-\‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p.]-X‑n-s‑b k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-I‑r-X-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w k-X‑y‑m-t‑\‑z-j‑nb‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â c->‑p `‑m-c‑ya‑m-c‑nÂ H-c‑mÄ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑ne‑p‑w a-s‑ä-b‑mÄ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X‑m-a-k‑w. C‑u t‑]-c‑p-I-f‑p‑w {‑]-h-À-¯-\§-f‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S k‑z-`‑mh-¯‑n-s‑â h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X X-e-§-s‑fb‑m-W‑v I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S R‑m³ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b F‑w.-F.I‑m-c-s‑â N‑n-{‑X‑w h-c-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v {‑i-a‑n-¨-X‑v. F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â a‑q-¯-a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w H-c‑p k-a-b-¯‑m-W‑v ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ ]T‑n-¨-X‑v. R-§f‑p--s‑S-h‑n-h‑m-l-k‑p-Z‑n-\-h‑p‑w H-t‑c Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h \‑m-W‑w-I‑p-W‑p-§‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v b‑u-Æ-\¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ t‑c‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑v I‑o-g‑v-s‑¸-«‑p. h‑n-S-]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.

F-s‑â a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S k-´‑m-\‑w D-Å‑m-«‑nÂ D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b-s‑â a-I³ I‑p«‑n-l-k³ h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v A-k‑ok‑n-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n d‑p-J‑n-¿-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-s‑e B-Z‑y-s‑¯ I-e‑y‑m-W‑w. A-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-aZ‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑v h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑m-W‑v. k‑p-¶‑n k-{‑¼-Z‑m-b-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v h-f-s‑c h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C‑u \‑n-¡‑m-l‑v \-S-¶-X‑v. I‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X‑z‑w h-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ ]‑p-t‑c‑m-l‑n-X³ `‑m-c‑y‑m-`À¯‑m-¡-·‑m-s‑c k-Z-Ê‑n-\‑p ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n. I‑p-«‑n-l-k-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä d‑p-J‑n-¿-s‑b h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N¿‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-t‑W‑m?' I‑p-«‑n-l-k³ F-g‑p-t‑¶-ä‑p \‑n-¶‑p "-A-s‑X' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p. a-IÄ d‑p-J‑n-¿-s‑b I‑p-«‑n-l-k-\‑p h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑v ]‑p-t‑c‑m-l‑n-X³ t‑\-c-s‑¯ F‑w.-F.I‑m-c-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-½-X‑w I‑n-«‑nb-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v I‑p-«‑n-l-k-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-X‑v. C‑u c‑o-X‑n C-h‑n-s‑S X‑oÀ¯‑p‑w A-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mc‑nÂ C-X‑v I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-WÀ-¯‑n. C‑u h‑n-h‑m-l-t‑¯‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-¯‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w A-c‑o-¸-ä-a®‑nÂ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑m-c‑p‑w _-Ô‑p-¡-f‑mh‑p-¶-X‑v. d‑p-J‑n-¿-s‑b t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑qÀ s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-¶‑p X-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1935Â X-s‑¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑mA-¯‑n-s‑â k-t‑µ-i‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑n-e‑p-s‑a-¯‑n. C-h-s‑c J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-IÄ F-¶‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F-X‑nÀ-¸‑p-IÄ X-c-W‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p B k‑w-L-S-\ C-h‑n-s‑S t‑hc‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n. ]‑m-h-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B-Z‑y-I‑m-e A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n-I-f‑nÂ A-[‑n-It‑]-c‑p‑w. F-¶‑mÂ D-Å‑m-«‑nÂ D-®‑n-t‑a‑mb-\‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-\‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ t‑NÀ-¶t‑X‑m-s‑S k‑w-L-S-\ i-à‑n-s‑¸-«‑p-h-¶‑p. ]-Å‑n D->‑m-¡‑n-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\¯‑n-\‑p B-¡‑w I‑q-S‑n. [‑m-c‑m-f‑w h‑o-«‑p-

I‑mÀ B {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¶‑p. B L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v s‑N-d‑q-¸-b‑n-s‑e A-l‑v-aZ‑v A-_‑pÂ-s‑s‑JÀ a‑u-e-h‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ ZÀ-k‑v X‑p-S-§‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-c-´-c‑w k‑w-h-Z‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m>‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ‑"-A-©‑p-a³ C-i‑m-A-s‑¯ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-‑' F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ H-c‑p k‑w-L-S-\ c‑q]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑n J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m\‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-Z-{‑]-X‑n-h‑m-Z-§Ä \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑I‑m>‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u k‑w-h‑m-Z-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-h-fÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑v £‑o-W‑w k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑p X‑p-S-§‑n. C‑u k-a-b-¯‑v F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ C-i‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â B-f‑p-I-s‑f J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑z-I‑mc‑y-k‑w-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-\‑p £-W‑n-¨‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-c‑p-a-I-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. F‑w.-F³. I‑m-c-t‑È-c‑n NÀ-¨ \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¨‑p. a‑q-¶‑p Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ {‑i-²‑n-¨‑p t‑I-«‑p. J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-s‑c H‑mt‑c‑m Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w a‑m-ä‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p k-X‑y‑mt‑\‑z-j‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ C-X‑v k‑w-LS‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v k-X‑y‑w {‑K-l‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m. F‑w.F.¡‑m-c-s‑â A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m k‑w-L-S-\-b‑pa‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ Z‑r-V-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I->-X‑v. l‑r-Z-b-k‑w-_-Ô-a‑m-b A-k‑p-J-§Ä a‑q-e‑w ]-e X-h-W A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-t‑[-b-\‑m-t‑h->‑n h-¶‑p. ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e J‑mZ‑n-b‑m-\‑nÂ J-_-d-S-¡‑w \-S-¯‑m-\‑p-Å F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n. J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m\‑nÂ a-d-h‑p s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v ]‑p-W‑y-a‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-IÄ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. t‑c‑m-K‑w a‑qÀ-O‑n¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-s‑X A-t‑±-l‑w \-t‑½‑m-S‑v h‑n-S ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑p-g‑p-h³ B-f‑p-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w B \-Ã a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â t‑hÀ-]‑m-S‑v H-c‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e Z‑p‑x-J‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h>‑n {‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¡‑m³ (\-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m³‑) ]‑m-S‑n-s‑Ã-¶ a-X-h‑n-[‑n B Z‑p‑x-J-¯‑n-s‑â B-g‑w hÀ-²‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. C-h‑n-s‑S A-l‑va-Z‑n-¡‑p t‑h->‑n A-\-l‑v-a-Z‑n-t‑b‑m A-\-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¡‑p t‑h->‑n A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-t‑b‑m \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. C‑u h‑n-[‑n-h‑n-e-¡‑v A-h-K-W‑n-¨‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w B-f‑p-IÄ \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¨-X‑m-b‑n A-d‑n-b‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 95

Fw.-F. bp-sS Po-hn-Xw lr-Z-b-¯n-te-tä-@ \-Ã ]mT-§Ä

s‑I‑m \n-JnÂ sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ ^u-ïÀ, Fw.-F.ss¹ ^u-tï-j³ ]m-e-¡mSv

-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F-¶ s‑I‑m-¨‑p {‑K‑m-a-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-X D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑v h‑n-I-k-\ I‑m-g‑v-N-¸‑m-t‑S‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X‑w \-b‑n¨‑v X-e-s‑b-S‑p-t‑¸‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-k‑z-]‑v-\-§Ä s‑\-b‑v-s‑X-S‑p-¯‑v h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-h‑y-hk‑m-b-c‑w-K-s‑¯ s‑\-t‑©‑m-S‑v t‑NÀ-¯ t‑]‑m-c‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. F-¶ N‑p-c‑p-¡-t‑¸-c‑nÂ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. F-s‑â h-e‑n-b‑p-¸ a¬-a-d-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b S‑n.-s‑I. t‑I‑m-b‑m-a‑p-«‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-´X-k-l-N‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡‑v s‑N-d‑n-b {‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ I‑m-W‑m-\‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p‑w D‑u-j‑v-a-f-a‑m-b _-Ô‑w I‑m¯‑p-k‑q-£‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w H-c‑p a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-i‑n-b‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-X-N‑n-«-IÄ-¡‑v a‑m-X‑r-Ib‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. 1992Â ]-©‑m-_‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H-¶‑n-¨‑p-Å H-c‑p s‑{‑S-b‑n³ b‑m-{‑X-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.s‑b A-S‑p-¯-d‑n-b‑m-\‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-h-kc‑w e-`‑n-¨-X‑v. a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h->‑n e‑m-t‑`-Ñ I‑q-S‑m-s‑X F-´‑p‑w s‑N-e-h-g‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å H-c‑p h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-h‑n-t‑i-j-X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 31-hÀ-j§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v UÂ-l‑n-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\ s‑d-b‑nÂ-t‑h-t‑Ì-j-s‑â A-S‑p-¯‑v A-¶-s‑¯ I‑m-e-¯‑v k‑m-a‑m-\‑y‑w D-bÀ-¶ \‑n-e-h‑m-c-a‑p-Å t‑l‑m-«-e‑nÂ h-e‑nb‑p-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑p-s‑a‑m-¸‑w A-´‑n-b‑p-d-§‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-X‑v P‑o-h‑n-X‑w ]‑n-¨-s‑h-¨‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b F-\‑n-¡‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-h-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-¸-a‑p-Å H‑m-t‑c‑m Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-s‑e a-[‑p-c-Z‑n-\-§-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. F-s‑â D-ä k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑p ]-X‑n-ä‑m->‑n-e-[‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n k‑v-t‑\-l-k‑ul‑r-Z-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F.s‑s‑¹ F-¶ k‑w-c‑w-`-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w _‑n-µ‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. _‑m-_‑p-h‑n-s‑â A-`‑n-h-µ‑y-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³ 1990Â s‑I.-]‑n.-s‑I. t‑a-t‑\‑m³ t‑d‑m-U‑nÂ B-c‑w-`‑n-¨ F‑w.-F. s‑s‑¹-h‑pU‑v F-¶ Ø‑m-]-\‑w F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑â s‑F-i‑z-c‑y‑w \‑n-d-ª s‑s‑I-If‑m-e‑m-W‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. _‑m-_‑p-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑p-Å D-ä-N-§‑m-¯-¯‑n-s‑â `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n R‑m-\‑p‑w F‑w.-F. s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑n-s‑â s‑s‑Z-\‑w-Z‑n-\ I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ s‑N-d‑n-b ]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n. ]T-\-t‑i-j‑w _‑m-_‑p _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ ]‑qÀ-®-{‑i-² t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑p-S§‑n-b-X‑p a‑p-XÂ F‑w.-F. s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑n-s‑â H‑m-t‑c‑m N-e-\-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑nÀ-t‑e‑m`-a‑m-b ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n R‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u L-«-§-f‑ns‑e-Ã‑m‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p‑w C-S-s‑]-S‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-s‑h-¨ F‑w.-F. s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v _‑m-_‑p-h‑n-s‑â c‑w-K-{‑]-t‑h-i-\-t‑¯‑m-s‑S h‑n-]‑p-e‑o-I-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑p-X‑n-b Z‑n-i-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑nª‑p. k‑w-c‑w-`-I-a‑n-I-h‑n-e‑q-s‑S F‑w.-F.s‑s‑¹ F-¶ _‑r-l-¯‑m-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v Ø‑m-]-\-¯‑n-\‑v X‑n-c‑n s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p. h-fÀ-¨-b‑p-s‑S ]-S-h‑p-IÄ X‑m->‑n D-¯-c-t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-h‑n-k‑v-X‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]-«‑n-I-b‑nÂ C-S‑w]‑n-S‑n-¨ F‑w.-F.s‑s‑¹-b‑p-s‑S F-Ã‑m {‑_‑m-©‑p-I-f‑p‑w D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w s‑N-¿-s‑¸-«-X‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S I-c-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]n. ap-l-½-Zv F-¶ am-\p-lmPn-tbm-sSm-¸w...

]-I-c‑w s‑h-¡‑m³ a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑nÃ‑m-¯ kÂIÀ-½-¯‑n-s‑â a-l‑m {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-i‑m-e‑n-b‑m-b F‑w.F. a‑p-l½-Z‑v B-i‑oÀ-Æ-Z‑n-¨-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¨‑v c‑q]-s‑¸-« F‑w.-F.s‑s‑¹ F-¶ a-l‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e h‑y‑m-]‑mc-`‑q-]-S-¯‑nÂ \‑nÀ-®‑m-b-I-Ø‑m-\¯‑m-s‑W-¶ b‑m-Y‑mÀ-°‑y‑w R-§s‑f IÀ-t‑½‑m-Õ‑m-l-I-c‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.s‑s‑¹-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-P-b-K‑m-Y-b‑v¡‑p ]‑n-¶‑nÂ s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑n-«‑pÅ-X‑p‑w h-e‑n-b h‑y‑m-]‑m-c-k‑m-{‑a‑m-P‑y¯‑n-s‑â X-e-h³ F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S ]-¯-c-a‑m-ä‑n-s‑â {‑]‑u-V‑n-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v R-§-s‑f h‑n-P-b-]‑m-X-b‑n-t‑es‑¡-¯‑n-¡‑m³ F-¶‑p‑w k-l‑m-bI-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑m-[‑m-cW-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w D-¶-a-\-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ Z-b‑m-e‑p-h‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. k‑m[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨ A-t‑±l‑w IT‑n-\-{‑]-b-X‑v-\‑w s‑I‑m->‑v A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v i‑r‑wK-e s‑I-«‑n-¸-S‑p-¯‑v [-\‑n-I-\‑m-s‑b¦‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑m-h-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ F-¶‑p‑w {‑i-²‑m-e‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-c‑w-K-¯‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p¶-hÀ e‑m-`‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w e-£‑y‑w s‑h-¡-c‑p-s‑X-¶ h-e‑n-b k-t‑µ-i‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑n-\‑v P‑o-h‑n-X-N-c‑y-I-f‑n-e‑qs‑S A-t‑±-l‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-.

h‑n-]‑p-e-a‑m-b k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v-h-e-b-¯‑n\‑p-S-a-b‑m-b H-c‑mÄ F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w k-½-X-\‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v G-s‑d t‑¢-i-I-c-a‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑mÂ F‑w.-F. F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w k-½-X-\‑mb‑n P‑o-h‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª a-l‑m-`‑m-K‑yh‑m-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑v F-S‑p-¯‑v ]-d-b‑m-X‑nc‑n-¡‑m³ h-¿. I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â G-X‑p s‑h-Ã‑p-h‑n-f‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w t‑\-c‑n-S‑m-\‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I-g‑n-h‑p‑w k‑m-aÀ°‑y-h‑p‑w A-\‑n-X-c-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑m-W‑v. I‑m-c‑y-§Ä s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑n\‑p-Å k-a-N‑n-¯-X-b‑p‑w A-k‑m-a‑m-\‑y N-¦‑p-d-¸‑p‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m k‑w-c‑w-`-I-\‑p‑w h‑n-P-b-]‑m-T-§-f‑m-W‑v. k-h‑n-t‑i-j-a‑m-b h‑y-à‑n-{‑]-`‑m-h¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S \‑m-S‑n-s‑â B-Z-c-h‑v t‑\-S‑n-b A-]‑qÀ-Æ h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑nÂ H-c‑mf‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b k‑q-£‑v-a-\‑n-c‑o-£-W-]‑m-S-h-h‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p-Å I‑p-X‑n-¸‑n-\‑v D‑uÀ-Ö‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. F-¶ \-·-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â k‑vt‑\-l-¯-W-e‑nÂ A-`-b‑w {‑]‑m-]‑n¨-hÀ-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w B-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â I‑p-f‑nÀ-a-b‑p‑w k‑w-c-£-W-t‑_‑m-[¯‑n-s‑â B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n I‑m-c‑p-W‑y-¯‑n-s‑â N‑n-d-I‑p h‑n-c‑n-¨‑v Z‑p‑x-J‑n-X-c‑p-s‑S k‑z-]‑v-\-§Ä k-^-ea‑m-¡‑m-\‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â X‑y‑mK-k-¶-²-X F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-Ib‑m-W‑v. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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1992Â ]©m-_n-te¡v H¶n-¨pÅ Hcp s{Sbn³ bm{X-bnemWv Fw.-F.sb ASp-¯ -dn-bm\pw a\-Ên-em¡m\pw Ah-kcw e`n-¨-Xv.

"\n§Ä \msf kv¡qfnÂ htc-@-Xn-Ã. tImgn-t¡m-s«-¯n-bmÂ aXn, R§Ä AhnsS F¯mw. \ap¡v t]mbn HmSv FSp-¡mw." BgvN-IÄ¡v ap¼v ac-a-t\z-jn-¨-t¸mÄ HmSm-bmÂ Xc-t¡-Sn-Ã F¶ A[n-I-{]-kw-K-¯n\v In«nb in£-bmbncp-¶p AXv.

Fw.-F.bp-sS X-W-enÂ 1983-þ84

ap-l-½-Z-en, a-©-d, I-¡m-Sv dn-«. A-²ym-]I³

A-[‑y-b-\-hÀ-j-‑w. DÀ-Z‑p A-[‑y‑m-]-I-s‑\-¶ t‑aÂ-h‑ne‑m-k-a‑p-s‑>-¦‑n-e‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑ns‑â c->-ä-§Ä I‑q-«‑n-a‑p-«‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. A-s‑¶‑mc‑n-¡Â P‑n.-F-¨‑v.-F-k‑v. s‑]-c‑p-hÅ‑qÀ H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H‑m-S‑n-¡‑n-X¨‑v I-b-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-Ä s‑l-U‑v-a‑m-ÌÀ C³ N‑mÀ-P‑v ]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z-e‑n a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w‑, k‑o-\‑n-bÀ A-k‑n-Ìâ‑p‑w _-t‑b‑m-f-P‑n A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑p-a‑m-b s‑I.-h‑n. A-Ð‑pÂ-l-a‑o-Z‑v a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w‑, ]‑u-c-a‑p-J‑y-\‑p‑w s‑I-a‑n-k‑v-{‑S‑n A-[‑y‑m]-I-\‑p-a‑m-b S‑n.-s‑I. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b NÀ-¨-b‑ne‑m-W‑v. F-s‑¶ {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, K‑u-c-h-a‑m-b NÀ-¨-b‑v¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ H‑u-]-N‑m-c‑n-I-X-b‑v-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w‑, l-a‑o-Z‑v a‑m-ÌÀ F-t‑¶‑mS‑m-b‑n- ]-d-ª‑p: "-\‑m‑w ]‑p-X‑p-X‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑I-«‑nS-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â NÀ-¨-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v R-§Ä. A-S‑n-b´-c-a‑m-b‑n I‑p-d-¨‑p a-c‑w I‑n-«-W‑w. \‑n-§Ä s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-I‑m-c-\‑mW-t‑Ã‑m?' (a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑mÀ k‑p-e`‑w‑). ]-d-ª‑p a‑p-g‑p-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑m-b‑n R‑m-s‑\-s‑â a-d‑p-]-S‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p: "-a-c-t‑a‑m‑, H‑m-S‑m-s‑W-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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¦‑nÂ X-c-t‑¡-S‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑w F-h‑n-S‑p-¶‑v I‑n-«‑m-\‑m?' -t‑I-«-]‑m-X‑n t‑IÄ-¡‑m-¯ ]‑m-X‑n R‑m-s‑\-s‑â ¢‑m-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w A-hÀ NÀ-¨b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w \‑o-§‑n. C-X‑v h-S‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v A-S‑n h‑m-§-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p-s‑h-¶-d‑n-b‑m³ Z‑n-h-k-§-t‑f t‑h->‑n-h-¶‑p-Å‑p. C-{‑]‑m-h-i‑y‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯-b‑p-Å a‑q-hÀ-k‑w-L-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w ]‑n.S‑n.-F. {‑]-k‑n-U->‑p‑w ]-©‑m-b-¯‑v{‑]-k‑n-U>‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b I‑p-«‑y‑me‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑p-a‑p->‑v NÀ-¨-b‑nÂ. "-R-§Ä-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ H‑m-S‑v t‑h-W‑w.' -B-g‑v-N-IÄ-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑v a-c-a-t‑\‑z-j‑n¨-t‑¸‑mÄ H‑m-S‑m-b‑mÂ X-c-t‑¡-S‑n-Ã F-¶ A-[‑n-I-{‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑n-\‑v I‑n«‑n-b i‑n-£-b‑m-W‑n-X‑v. A-s‑X‑m-c‑p \‑m-¡‑p-]‑n-g-b‑m-b‑n A-hÀ I->X‑p-a‑n-Ã. R‑m-\‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-S‑p¯‑p-h-c‑p-¶ i-¼-f-Z‑n-\-¯‑n-t‑e¡‑v‑, C-S-]‑m-S‑v h‑o-«‑m-\‑m-b‑n I‑p-d-¨‑v I‑m-i‑p- I‑q-S‑n k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å s‑h-¼-e‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑mW‑v ]‑m-¼‑v I-S‑n-¨-h-\‑v C-S‑n-s‑h-t‑«-ä Z‑p-c-\‑p-`-h‑w I-b-d‑n-b-X‑v. "-F-´‑m H-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m-¯-X‑v, H‑m-S‑v \‑n-§Ä G-ä-X-t‑Ã?' t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w B-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ

l-a‑o-Z‑v a‑m-ÌÀ H-c‑p h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-Wh‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n \-e‑v-I‑n: "-\‑n-§Ä \‑m-s‑f k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ h-t‑c->-X‑n-Ã. t‑I‑m-g‑nt‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑n-b‑mÂ a-X‑n‑, R-§Ä A-h‑n-s‑S F-¯‑m‑w. \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n H‑m-S‑v F-S‑p-¡‑m‑w.' F-´‑m-W‑v ]-d-t‑b->-s‑X¶‑v F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-§‑n-s‑\-t‑b‑m R‑m-s‑\‑m-c‑p-h‑n-[‑w ]-d-s‑ª‑m-¸‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑m-s‑f G-X‑mb‑m-e‑p‑w \‑n-§Ä H‑m-s‑S-S‑p-¡‑m³ h-t‑c->. R‑m-\‑n-t‑§‑m-«‑v X-s‑¶ h-c‑m‑w. R‑m-s‑\‑m-¶-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑v ]-d-b‑m‑w.' A-¶-s‑¯ ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ a‑p-g‑p-h³ N‑n-´‑, k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-t‑¡-> H‑m-S‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑n-S-¡‑m-b‑n‑, B-h-i‑ya‑p-Å H‑m-S‑n-s‑â F-®-h‑p‑w A-h-s‑ct‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c-a‑m-b‑n. k‑v-¡‑qÄ h‑n-«‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ F-¯‑n-b D-S-s‑\‑, F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-e‑p‑w A-¯‑m-W‑n-b‑m-b s‑N-d‑n-b F-f‑m-¸ F-¶ a-©-d D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b‑n³-I‑p-«‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v R‑m³ I‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑p. F-Ã‑m‑w k‑mI‑q-X‑w t‑I-«‑v, I‑m-c‑y-§Ä _‑n-¨‑n®‑y‑m-¡ F-¶ ]‑m-d-¡Â a‑p-l½-Z‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑m³ I-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑p. c->‑p‑w I-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑v A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\‑w A-h-X-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v A-hÀ c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w‑, a‑m-t‑\-P-d‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-\‑p-a‑m-b F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n_‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w F‑w.-U‑n.- (aÀ-l‑p‑w‑) F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä [-c‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. A-h-k‑m-\-s‑a-\‑n-¡‑v A-\‑p-I‑q-e-a-d‑p]-S‑n-b‑p‑w I‑n-«‑n. ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e-¯‑n H‑m-S‑v I‑n-«‑p-s‑a-¶ i‑p-`-h‑mÀ-¯ t‑h->-s‑¸«-h-s‑c A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v X-s‑¶ S‑n.-s‑I. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w s‑I.h‑n. A-Ð‑pÂ-l-a‑o-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w I‑m-e‑n¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑v A¬-

t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f-S-¡‑w (a-®‑v I-S-¯‑p-¶-hÀ a‑p-XÂ F‑w.U‑n. h-s‑c‑) F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-s‑â ]-c‑n-N‑n-XÀ. k-e‑m‑w ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑£-a‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W-§-f‑p‑w I‑p-i-e-§f‑p‑w \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-hÀ. F-s‑â a‑q-hÀ k‑w-L-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-Xe‑m-f‑n s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n- B-c‑m-s‑W-¶d‑n-b‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w I-g‑n-ª-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. k‑u-l‑r-Z-k-a‑o-]-\-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-hÀ F-\‑n-¡-\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑m-b h‑n-[‑n-b‑p-s‑a-g‑pX‑n. R‑m-s‑\‑m-c‑p h‑n.-s‑F.-]‑n.-b‑m-W‑v. H‑m-^‑o-k‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-a‑p-Å N‑m-b I‑p-S‑n-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w A-hÀ A-h‑n-s‑S N‑p-ä‑n-¡-d-§‑n. d-D‑u-^‑v a‑p-«‑m-¯‑v, a‑m-f‑n-b-¯-d‑, s‑s‑d-äÀ a‑q-k‑m-¡‑, ]‑m-d-¡Â a‑pl-½-Z‑v, t‑I‑m-b‑m³-«‑y‑m-¡‑, C-¼‑n¨‑n-t‑¡‑m-b(s‑\-Ã‑n-¡‑m-]-d-¼‑v)‑, _‑n-¨‑n-®‑n-I‑m-¡‑, F‑w.-F. I-_‑oÀ‑, F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ k‑m-l‑n_‑v‑, aÀ-l‑p‑w F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-Ak‑o-k‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v X‑p-S-§‑n s‑Nd‑n-b- F-f‑m-¸ h-s‑c F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w B I-¼-‑u->‑nÂ I->-X‑v C-¶‑p‑w k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-]-Y-¯‑n-e‑p->‑v. A-¶‑v, t‑\-c-s‑¯ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑mh-i‑y-s‑¸-«-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ A-[‑n-I‑w H‑m-S‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-s‑â k-l-{‑]-hÀ-¯IÀ s‑]-c‑p-h-Å‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w R‑m³ I-¡‑m-S‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p. I‑m-i‑v C³-Ì‑mÄ-s‑aâ‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑ms‑a-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h‑y-h-Ø. k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ c-£‑n-X‑m-¡-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S ]-W‑w k‑z-c‑q-]‑n-¡‑m\‑p-Å N‑p-a-X-e t‑\-c-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ A-Ð‑pÂ-l-a‑o-Z‑v a‑m-Ì-d‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \‑n-£‑n-]‑v-X‑w. ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ F-¯‑n-bt‑¸‑mÄ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑p-Å s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä‑w H-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n l‑r-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n. I‑m-c-W‑w R‑m³ t‑Ih-e-s‑a‑m-c‑p DÀ-Z‑p A-[‑y‑m-]-I³ a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, h‑y-h-k‑m-b-{‑]-a‑p-JÀ DÄs‑¸-s‑S ]‑n-S‑n-]‑m-S‑p-Å H-c‑mÄ I‑q-S‑n-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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A-§n-s\ Fw.-F. Ip-Spw_-¯n-sâ lr-Zb-hn-im-e-X-bnÂ s]-cp-h-Åq-cnÂ H-cp Øm-]-\w D-bÀ-¶p-h-¶p. ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-dbv-¡v C-Xv A-dnbm-tam B-thm?

cp-Nn-I-c-am-b `-£-Ww A-I¯m-¡n G-¼-¡w hn-«v skâ-dnÂ t]m-bn ]-co-£ F-gp-Xn. ]m-Êmbn. kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv I-c-Ø-am-¡n. B kÀ-«n-^n-¡än-epw Fw.-F. A-dn-bm-¯ A-bm-fp-sS, Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ K-Ôw H-fn-ªncn-¡p-¶p, XoÀ-¨.

b‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m‑, (h‑n.-s‑F.-]‑n.‑). l-a‑o-Z‑v a‑m-ÌÀ H-c‑p s‑N-d‑p-]‑p-©‑nc‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S F-t‑¶‑m-S‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "-a‑m-t‑j‑, C-¶-s‑e \‑m‑w I‑p-d-¨-[‑n-I‑w H‑m-S‑v h‑m-§‑o-«‑p->t‑Ã‑m. \‑n-§-t‑f‑mS‑v k-X‑y‑w ]-d-b‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑q-S‑m. F-´‑n-\‑m-W-s‑X-¶-d‑n-b‑m-t‑a‑m?' -R‑m³ t‑a‑m-W-I‑m-«‑n A-´‑m-f‑n-¨‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w F-t‑¶‑mS‑m-b‑n K‑u-c-h‑w h‑n-S‑m-s‑X ]-d-ª‑p: "-I‑p-d-¨‑v H‑m-S‑v h‑n-ä‑n-«‑v, a-c‑w h‑m-§‑n-b h-I-b‑n-e‑p-Å I‑m-i‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w. R-§-f-X‑n-t‑\À-¸‑m-S‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p->‑v. _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑v s‑I‑m->‑m‑, H‑m-S‑n-t‑â-X‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v D-S³ h‑o-«‑m‑w.' A-§‑n-s‑\ H‑m-S‑v h‑n-ä‑v a-c-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-i‑v c->‑p \‑mÄ-¡-I‑w h‑o-«‑n. H‑mS‑n-t‑â-t‑X‑m? K-U‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n B-t‑dg‑p a‑m-k‑w s‑I‑m->‑p‑w. A-§‑n-s‑\ F‑w.-F. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â l‑r-Z-bh‑n-i‑m-e-X-b‑nÂ s‑]-c‑p-h-Å‑q-c‑nÂ H-c‑p Ø‑m-]-\‑w D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-¶‑p. ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v C-X‑v A-d‑nb‑m-t‑a‑m B-t‑h‑m? 1973-74e‑m-s‑W-¶‑m-t‑W‑mÀ-½‑, ]‑p-f‑n-¡Â a-Z‑o-\-X‑pÂ-D-e‑q-a‑nÂ ]T‑n¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶ ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w k‑m-l‑n_‑p-a‑p->‑v. {‑]‑m-b-t‑¯-¡‑m-f-[‑n-I‑w ]-I‑z-X t‑\-S‑n-b A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w k‑ml‑n-_‑v A-¶‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w F-s‑â H-c‑p h-g‑n-I‑m-«‑n-b‑m-W‑v. t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v ]T-\-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑p-d-s‑a c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w DÀ-Z‑p A-[‑y‑m-]-I-]c‑o-£ F-g‑p-X‑m-\‑p-Å X-¿‑m-s‑d-S‑p¸‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-c‑o-£ k‑w-_Ô-a‑m-b A-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑v h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑kâ-d‑nÂ (^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v) F-¯‑n-s‑¸-S‑m³ k-e‑m‑w k‑m-l‑n-_‑v t‑\-c-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ X-s‑â k-t‑l‑mZ-c³ F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑ns‑â ]-¶‑n-b-¦-c- h‑o-S‑v X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑\-c-s‑¯ I-®‑v s‑I‑m->‑v H-c‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑v I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å i-c‑n-b‑p¯-c-a‑m-W‑v R-§Ä F-g‑p-t‑X->-X‑v. G-X‑v k-¦‑oÀ-®-X-I-f‑p‑w e-f‑n-X-h-X‑v¡-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ k-e‑m‑w k‑m-l‑n-_‑v a‑oÀk‑m ^À-l-¯‑p-Ã‑m-l‑v t‑_-K‑n-s‑â a-k‑m-t‑a‑m ^À-l-¯‑p‑w‑, kÀ-^‑v h \-l‑v-h‑p‑w‑, IÂ-I‑m t‑L‑m-U(Cs‑X-´‑m-W‑m-t‑h‑m?‑)b‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-t‑â-X‑m-b X-^‑v-k‑o-d‑n-e‑qs‑S ]-c‑n-l‑m-c‑w I-s‑>-¯‑n. ]T-\‑w I‑m-c‑y-£-a-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w C-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w X‑m-a-k‑w c‑m-P-I‑o-b‑w. k-e‑m-a‑n-s‑â s‑I-b-t‑d‑m-^‑nÂ F-\‑n¡‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S ]-¶‑n-b-¦-ch‑o-«‑nÂ X‑m-a-k-h‑p‑w `-£-W-h‑p‑w X-c-s‑¸-«‑p-I‑n-«‑n. k-a-b-a‑m-I‑p-¶ a‑p-d-b‑v¡‑v I‑p-i‑n-\‑n-¡‑m-c³ a‑p-d-s‑X-ä‑m-s‑X s‑s‑U-\‑n‑w-K‑v t‑S-_‑v-f‑nÂ B-l‑m-c‑w \‑n-c-¯‑n I-g‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-«‑p-s‑>-¶ A-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑p‑w X-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v I‑n-«‑n-b B `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â c‑p-N‑n C-X‑v-hs‑c F-\‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã- F-¶‑mt‑W‑mÀ-½. C-S-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-c‑n-¡Â F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w R-§Ä-s‑¡‑m-¸-a‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-c‑o£ A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑mÂ a-\-a‑n-Ã‑ma-\-t‑Ê‑m-s‑S A-h‑n-S-¶‑v t‑]‑m-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a-k‑m-t‑a‑m ^À-l-¯‑nÂ ‑"-C‑wX‑n-l‑m³' F-¶ H-c‑p I-Y-b‑p>‑v. a‑p-g‑p-]-«‑n-W‑n-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b H-c‑p I‑p-«‑n-b‑p-s‑S I-Y-b‑m-W-X‑v. h-bÀ \‑n-d-s‑b B-l‑m-c‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑o-£-b‑v¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑m-e-¯‑v H-c‑p ¥‑m-Ê‑v ]‑m-s‑e-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-Ws‑a-¶ \‑nÀ-º-Ô-_‑p-²‑y‑m A-½ I-c‑p-X‑n-s‑h-¨ ]‑mÂ-]‑m-{‑X‑w t‑\-c‑w ]‑p-e-c‑m³-t‑\-c-¯‑v K‑p-c‑p-¯‑w-s‑I-« ]‑q-¨ h-S‑n-¨‑p h‑r-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n. "-F-\‑n¡‑v h‑n-i-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã A-t‑½' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b I‑p-«‑n h‑n-i-¸‑v I‑m-cW‑w ]-c‑o-£‑m-l‑m-f‑nÂ X-e-I-d-§‑n h‑o-g‑p-¶-X‑p‑w C³-h‑n-P‑n-t‑e-äÀ k-a‑mi‑z-k‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-s‑e C-X‑n-h‑r-¯‑w. R-§-t‑f‑m‑, c‑p-N‑n-I-c-

a‑m-b `-£-W‑w A-I-¯‑m-¡‑n G-¼-¡‑w h‑n-«‑v s‑kâ-d‑nÂ t‑]‑mb‑n ]-c‑o-£ F-g‑p-X‑n. ]‑m-Ê‑m-b‑n. kÀ-«‑n-^‑n-¡-ä‑v I-c-Ø-a‑m-¡‑n. B kÀ-«‑n-^‑n-¡-ä‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F. A-d‑n-b‑m-¯ A-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S‑, I‑p-S‑p‑w_-¯‑n-s‑â K-Ô‑w H-f‑n-ª‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶‑p‑, X‑oÀ-¨. DÀ-Z‑p A-[‑y‑m-]-I-s‑\-¶ X-k‑v-X‑n-I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-d‑n‑, K-h-s‑×â‑v s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑qÄ s‑lU‑v-a‑m-Ì-d‑m-b‑n d‑n-«-bÀ s‑N-b‑v-X t‑i-j‑w ‑"-a-P‑v-e‑n-k‑p-¯-A‑v-e‑o-a‑nÂ C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n'-b‑p-s‑S t‑aÂ-h‑n-e‑m-k¯‑nÂ t‑P‑m-bâ‑v s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n-b‑mb‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n-t‑\‑m-¡‑p-¶ 2009 a‑p-Xe‑p-Å G-X‑m-\‑p‑w hÀ-j-§Ä...... s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯‑v A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F-¶ ]‑n.-]‑n.b‑p-a‑p>‑v "-l‑n-d‑m-'-b‑nÂ. R-§Ä X-½‑ns‑e F-´‑v k‑w-k‑m-c-h‑p‑w s‑N-s‑¶¯Â ‑"-C-i‑m-A-¯‑n-‑'-e‑p‑w. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑e‑m-c-`‑n-e‑m-j-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑p-a‑m-b‑n Z-A‑v-h-¯‑v \-S-¯-Ws‑a-¶-X‑v. ]‑n.-]‑n. ]-e c‑q-t‑]-W A-X‑v \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-a‑p->‑v. A-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ F-s‑â A-`‑ne‑m-j-¯‑n-\-t‑±-l‑w "-B-h‑m‑w‑, A-t‑¸‑m-b‑v³-s‑aâ‑v h‑m-§‑n-b‑n-«‑mh‑m‑w-' F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑m-d‑v. N‑p-c‑p¡-¯‑nÂ c->‑p-t‑]À-¡‑p‑w H-¯ k-a-b‑w I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑n-Sb‑v-¡‑v a-P‑v-e‑n-k‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v R‑m³ t‑]‑m-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. _‑o-¨‑n-®‑n-I‑m-¡ F-¶ ]‑m-d-

¡Â a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-k‑w h‑n-«-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y-t‑b‑mS‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n‑, "-F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w J‑m-Z‑nb‑m-\‑n-k-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h‑n-S ]-d-s‑ª-¦‑nÂ' F-¶‑v. (k-¡‑o-\ F-¶ F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑o]‑p-{‑X‑n-b‑m-W‑v). A-h-f‑p‑w X‑m-e‑v-]-c‑y-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w X-e-I‑p-e‑p-¡‑n. F‑w.-F.b‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑m-i-b-k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w \-S-¯‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F-s‑â a‑q-¯‑m-¸ s‑s‑i-J‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p‑w s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-l‑v a‑u-e-h‑nb‑p‑w F. A-e-h‑n a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w A-X‑n-\‑v k-a-b‑w I-s‑>-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m-\-h-k‑m-\-a-X‑nÂ \‑nÀ-h‑r-X‑nb-S-b‑p-¶‑p. F-´‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v h‑o-£-W-§Ä-¡-X‑o-X-a‑m-b H-c‑p h-S-h‑r-£‑w X-s‑¶. k-l‑m-b-l-k‑v-X‑w ]-c-¯‑n-b BÂ-a-c‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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hdp-Xn-bpsS Ime¯v kmbw-k-Ôy-bnÂ C¯ncn Cd¨nbpw akm-ebpw hm§n A§mSn kPo-h-am-I-W-sa¦nÂ Fw.-F.-bpsS sXmgn-em-fn-I-fmb {Kma-hm-kn-I-fnÂ ]ecpw I«n-bpÅ t]gvkp-ambn tIm«-½Â F¯-Ww. Ah-sc-¯n-bmÂ Cd-¨n-¡-S-bpsS ap¼nepw X¿Â¡S-bpsS Xn®-bnepw akm-e-¸ o-Sn-I-bpsS hcm-´-bnepw Xnc¡p IqSpw....

Fw.-F.-Im-c³ F-¶ \-·-a-cw

B Kn-co-jv Im-c-¡p-än C-S-Xp-]-£ cm-{ão-b {]-hÀ-¯I³

-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n- B \‑m-a‑w t‑IÄ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v, _‑m-e‑yI‑m-e-¯‑v H-c‑p s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ a-s‑®-® ¡‑p-¸‑n-b‑p‑w a-d‑p-s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ k-©‑nb‑p‑w X‑q-¡‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑v t‑d-j³-t‑j‑m-¸‑ns‑â X‑n-®-b‑nÂ‑, h‑o-i‑n-b-S‑n-¡‑p-¶ N‑m-äÂ-a-g G-e‑v-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³‑, H-X‑p-§‑n F-s‑â D‑u-g-h‑p‑w I‑m-¯‑v i‑z‑m-k-a-S-¡‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑v \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]‑n-¶‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v B-t‑c‑m ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-«‑p: "-\-Ã F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ t‑]‑me-s‑¯ A-c‑n-b‑m.' -B-Z‑y-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n-Ã. A-c‑n h‑m-§‑n X-e-b‑n-t‑e-ä‑n h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑nb-t‑¸‑mÄ A-½ ]-d-ª‑p: "-\-Ã A-c‑n.' F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ t‑I‑m-d‑n-b‑n-«‑p "F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³' F-¶ \‑m-a‑w.]‑n-¶‑oS‑v H-c‑p k‑m-b‑w-k-Ô‑y-b‑nÂ ]-Å‑nb‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m³ h-c‑p-¶ \‑o->‑p s‑h-f‑p-¯ t‑X-P-Ê‑p-ä H-c‑p a‑m-\‑y-t‑Z-l-s‑¯- N‑q->‑n F-s‑â I-f‑n-¡‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c³ ]-d-ª‑p: "-A-X‑m F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³.' -_‑m-e‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑v t‑I-«-d‑n-ª B h‑y-h-k‑m-b-{‑]-a‑pJ-s‑\ I->‑p R‑m³ I-s‑®-S‑p-¡‑ms‑X t‑\‑m-¡‑n-\‑n-¶‑p. s‑h-Å‑n-b-c-ª‑m-W‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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I‑m-\-\-t‑¨‑m-e-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v I-f-I-f i-Ð-a‑p-bÀ-¯‑n I‑p-¶‑n³-s‑N-c‑ph‑n-e‑q-s‑S a-e-t‑b‑m-c-s‑¯ X-g‑p-I‑n‑, s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â s‑\-S‑p-t‑¦‑m«-b‑p-s‑S t‑I‑m-«-a‑q-g‑n-s‑b X-t‑e‑mS‑n, \‑q-ä‑m->‑n-s‑â k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-b s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ P‑p-a‑m a-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑n-s‑\ h-W-§‑n‑, i‑m-´-a‑m-s‑b‑m-g‑p-I‑p-¶ C-c‑p-h-g‑n-ª‑n-b‑p-s‑S X‑o-c-¯‑v N-c‑n{‑X‑w A-S-b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b P‑p-a‑ma-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑n-s‑â X‑n-c‑p-a‑p-ä-¯‑v, s‑s‑Zh-I‑r-]-b‑mÂ A-\‑p-K‑r-l‑o-X-a‑m-b J‑pÀ-B-\‑n-I- k‑q-à-`-c‑n-X-a‑m-b a‑pk‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ‑, s‑]‑m-¶‑m\‑n a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-a‑m-b aÀl‑q‑w A-Ð‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n -D-½-¿ Z-¼-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S H-¶‑m-a-s‑¯ a-I-\‑m-b‑n ]‑n-d-h‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯ F‑w.-F. P-·‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-X-s‑¶ A-\‑p-K‑r-l‑oX-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-h-«-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n C-W-§‑n-t‑¨À-¶ \‑m-«‑p-{‑K‑m-a‑w‑, H-ä-b-S‑n-¸‑m-X-b‑p‑w s‑N-½¬-]‑m-XI-f‑p‑w D‑u-S‑p-h-g‑n-I-f‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª‑, I‑p-¶‑n³-s‑N-c‑n-h‑p‑w I‑m-«‑p-a‑r-K-§-f‑ps‑S h‑n-l‑m-c-t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑m-b A-bÂ{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑p-a-S-§‑n-b i‑m-´-a‑m-b

s‑I‑m-¨‑p-{‑K‑m-a‑w‑, t‑N-¼‑p‑w t‑N-\-b‑p‑w I-¸-b‑p‑w \‑m-f‑n-t‑I-c-h‑p‑w I-a‑p-I‑p‑w I‑n-g-§‑p-hÀ-¤-§-f‑p‑w I‑r-j‑n s‑Nb‑v-X‑p C-c‑p-h-g‑n-ª‑n-¸‑p-g-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S t‑X‑m-W‑n-a‑mÀ-¤‑w I-Ã‑m-b‑nÂ s‑I‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n h‑nÂ-]-\ \-S-¯‑n-b `‑q-X-I‑m-e‑w. k‑m-[‑m-c-W-¡‑m-c‑nÂ ]-e-c‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S-¸-\ s‑h-«‑n-¡‑o-d‑n A-X‑n-s‑â t‑N‑m-d‑v `-£-W-a‑m¡‑n- P‑o-h‑n-X‑w X-Å‑n-\‑o-¡‑n-b-hÀ `‑q-c‑n-`‑m-K-h‑p‑w. h-c‑n-¡-¹‑m-h‑n-s‑â a‑pc-«‑n-s‑e N-¡ A-S-b‑m-f-a‑n-«‑v "-C-s‑X\‑n-¡‑p t‑h-W‑w \‑m-s‑f R‑m³ h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑p h-t‑¶‑m-f‑m‑w-' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-¶-hÀ t‑h-s‑d N‑n-eÀ. A-bÂ-]-¡-h‑o-«‑nÂ I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m³ I-ª‑n-s‑h-Å-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑m-{‑X‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-s‑h-¡‑p-¶-hÀ a-ä‑p-N‑n-eÀ. ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h-d‑pX‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-S-b‑m-fs‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑n-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-S‑p-X‑p-W‑n-¡‑v a-d‑p-X‑p-W‑n-b‑n-Ã‑mX‑n-c‑p-¶ h-d‑p-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e-¯‑v C-c‑p-h-g‑n-ª‑n-¸‑p-g-b‑p-s‑S X‑o-c‑w s‑I‑m->-\‑p-K‑r-l‑o-X-a‑m-b s‑I‑m-S‑n-I‑p¯‑n-b D‑u-c‑nÂ ]-e h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w X‑o ]‑p-I-ª-X‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F-¶‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-s‑S-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑p. {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-I-k-\-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-t‑â-X‑m-b k‑w-`‑m-h-\IÄ \‑n-c-h-[‑n-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑p-d‑w-\‑m-S‑pI-f‑nÂ‑, F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑n-e‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v H-c‑p k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-A-l-¦‑mc-t‑¯‑m-s‑S ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-e-c‑p‑w. ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-a-\-{‑]-Ø‑m-\§Ä-¡‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑v I-½‑y‑q-W‑nÌ‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w X‑m-§‑p‑w X-W-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. [‑o-c-h‑n-¹-h-I‑m-c‑n k-J‑m-h‑v N‑m-¯‑p®‑n a‑m-Ì-s‑d t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å t‑\-X‑m¡-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-S‑p-¯‑v k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑p X-s‑¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ N‑p-h-¸‑n-s‑â c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¯‑n-\‑v

I-c‑p-t‑¯-I‑n. I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n D-S-a-IÄ ]‑q-«‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w Z‑p-c‑n-X-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-IÄ I-ã-X-b-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, k-J‑m-h‑v N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-Ì-d‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-¯‑mÂ F‑w.-F. I-¼-\‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, lÀ-j‑m-c-ht‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-k-a‑q-l‑w h-c-t‑h-ä-X‑v. s‑X‑m-®‑q-d‑p-I-f‑nÂ s‑h-Å‑n-b‑mg‑v-N-I-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑qÀ ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶ h-g‑n F-s‑â s‑S-b‑v-eÀ-t‑j‑m-¸‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ U-k³ I-W-¡‑n-\‑v, h‑mÀ-²-I‑y¯‑n-s‑â A-h-i-X-b-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â ]-g-b s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑m-d‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n A-h-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-s‑¡ k‑ul‑r-Z‑w ]-¦‑n-«‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑Is‑h-Å-b‑nÂ t‑\‑m-«‑p-IÄ s‑h-¨‑ps‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p-b‑m-{‑X-]-d-ª‑n-d-§‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w B-\-µ-I-®‑oÀ s‑]‑m-g‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-NIÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p I‑m-W‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-e‑n-b ]-W-¡‑m-c-s‑\-¶ A-l‑w`‑m-h‑w s‑X‑m-«‑p-X‑o->‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S h‑n-t‑b‑m-K‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v X‑o-c‑m-\-ã-a‑m-W‑v. a‑m-\-¯‑v i-Æ‑mÂ a‑m-k-¸‑n-d-h‑n I-> \‑n-a‑n-j-t‑\-c‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑n-s‑e ]-Å‑n-I-f‑nÂ X-I‑v-_‑oÀ-[‑z-\‑n a‑p-g-§‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w h-d‑p-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S I‑me-¯‑v k‑m-b‑w-k-Ô‑y-b‑nÂ C-¯‑nc‑n C-d-¨‑n-b‑p‑w a-k‑m-e-b‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n A-§‑m-S‑n k-P‑o-h-a‑m-I-W-s‑a-¦‑nÂ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b {‑K‑m-a-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑nÂ ]-e-c‑p‑w I-«‑nb‑p-Å t‑]-g‑v-k‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-«-½Â F-¯-W‑w. A-h-s‑c-¯‑n-b‑mÂ A-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ X-I‑v-_‑oÀ-[‑z-\‑n-I-f‑ps‑S i-Ð‑w H-¶‑v I‑q-S‑n-t‑b‑m F-¶‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w. C-d-¨‑n-¡-S-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-¼‑ne‑p‑w X-¿Â-¡-S-b‑p-s‑S X‑n-®-b‑n-e‑p‑w a-k‑m-e-¸‑o-S‑n-I-b‑p-s‑S h-c‑m-´-b‑n-e‑p‑w X‑n-c-¡‑p I‑q-S‑p‑w. s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ l‑m-P‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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F-sâ sS-bveÀ-tjm-¸n-\p ap-¼nÂ hmÀ²-Iy-¯n-sâ A-h-i-X-b-\p-`hn-¡p-¶, A-t±l-¯n-sâ ]-g-b sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sf Im-Wp-t¼mÄ A-h-cp-sS ssI-sh-ÅbnÂ t\m-«p-IÄ sh-¨p-sIm-Sp¯p-bm-{X-]-dªn-d-§p-¶ Fw.-F.-bp-sSbpw B-\-µ-I®oÀ s]m-gn¡p-¶-h-cp-sSbpw Im-gv-N-IÄ F-\n-¡p Im-Wmam-bn-cp-¶p.

sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ k-a-c-§-fpam-bn A-t±l-¯n-sâ ho-«p-]-Sn-¡Â F-¯p-t¼mÄ t\-cn-«v A-hsc kzo-I-cn-¨v `-£-W-hpw a-äp H-¯m-i-Ifpw sN-¿p-¶-Xv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ ssi-en-bmbn-cp-¶p.

b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w X‑m-f-¯‑nÂ t‑N-¡‑p-a½-Z‑v I‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑nI-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n F-¯‑n-b‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e a‑q-¸-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑mI‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â s‑\-S‑pt‑¦‑m-«. ‑"-]‑p-i‑p-h‑n-« _‑o-U‑n-‑'-b‑p-s‑S ]-c‑n-a-f-¯‑nÂ \‑n-d-`-c‑n-X-a‑m-h‑p‑w A-§‑m-S‑n. I‑q-S‑m-s‑X‑, I‑p-änbnÂ I‑p-«‑n-l-k³ l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-¯d‑n-s‑â \-d‑p-a-W-h‑p‑w t‑N-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹-b‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-«-½-e-§‑mS‑n A-W‑n-sªm-c‑p-§‑p‑w. s‑]-c‑p¶‑mÄ \‑m-f‑nÂ ]-Å‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.s‑b c‑m-P-I‑o-b -{‑]‑u-V‑n-b‑nÂ \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ h-c-t‑he‑v-¡‑p-¶-X‑v I->‑p-h-fÀ-¶ _‑m-e‑yI‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-t‑â-X‑v. ]-c-k‑v]-c‑w k‑v-\‑v-l‑n-¨‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑p‑w s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ t‑P‑m-d‑m-I‑p‑w. N‑p-c‑p¡‑n-¸-d-ª‑mÂ‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w F-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X-a‑p-s‑>-¶‑v \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-W‑pa-t‑Ã‑m. h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-I‑m-e-¯‑v \-Ã-h®‑w ]T-\-¯‑nÂ {‑i-² t‑I{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w X‑n-I-ª \‑n-c‑o-i‑z-c-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-j‑v-¡‑m-c‑nb‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-X-¯‑ne‑p‑w P‑m-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-Ô-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-¯ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â‑, A-l‑v-a-Z‑o-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑nt‑e-¡‑p-Å c‑w-K-{‑]-t‑h-i‑w A-Z‑v-`‑pX‑m-h-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \m-«nse Z‑m-c‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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{‑Z‑y-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I-ã-¸‑m-S‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w s‑\‑m-¼-c-a-d‑n-ª A-t‑±-l‑w I-ãs‑¸-S‑p-¶-h-\‑v F-¶‑p‑w A-¯‑m-W‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-X‑y-t‑c‑m-K‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ k-l‑m-b-s‑a-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w {‑i-²‑m-e‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-i-¸-I-ä‑m³ `-£-W‑w ]‑m-I‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v h‑o-S‑pI-f‑nÂ F-¯‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-h‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-«‑nÂ h-c‑p¶-h-s‑c-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ k-e‑v-¡-c‑n-¨‑v h‑ni-¸-S-¡‑n-b‑n-t‑« a-S-¡‑n-h‑n-«‑n-«‑p-Å‑p. X-e N‑m-b‑v-¡‑m³ H-c‑p I‑p-S‑ne‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n s‑\-t‑«‑m-«-t‑a‑m-S‑n-b s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p-I‑m-s‑c H‑m-S‑p-IÄ k‑u-P-\‑y-a‑m-b‑p‑w k‑u-P-\‑y-\‑n-c-¡‑ne‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N‑n-e-s‑c h‑o-S‑p-\‑nÀ-½‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑p k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a-ä‑p-Å-h-s‑c k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ H-c‑p a-S‑n-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-¯ F‑w.-F. k‑z-´‑w I‑o-i-b‑nÂ I‑m-i‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ a-ä‑pÅ-h-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v I-S‑w h‑m-§‑n ]-e-s‑c-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v ]-X‑n-h‑v-I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-s‑cb‑p‑w a-S-¡‑n-h‑n-S‑m-d‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑v ]-c-a‑mÀ-°‑w. H-c‑p k‑m-b‑w-k-Ô‑y-b‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v B-h-i‑y‑mÀ-°‑w N‑me-¡‑p-S‑n-¡‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v \‑n-¶‑v H-¶‑m‑w-¢‑m-Ê‑v F.-k‑n. s‑{‑S-b‑n³ S‑n-¡-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑v ¹‑m-ä‑v-t‑^‑m-a‑nÂ C-c‑n-

¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑nÂ H-c‑m-s‑f I->‑v k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w ]-¦‑n-S‑p-¶ k-a-b-¯‑v s‑db‑nÂ-t‑h-t‑Ì-j-\‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v, t‑]‑m-t‑I-> s‑{‑S-b‑n³ H-c‑p a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ s‑s‑h-I‑n-t‑b‑mS‑p-¶‑p F-¶ A-\‑u¬-k‑v-s‑aâ‑v t‑I-« a‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ X-s‑â b‑m-{‑X A-t‑±-l‑w d-±‑m-¡‑n s‑s‑I-h-i-a‑p-Å F.-k‑n. S‑n-¡ä‑v d‑n-t‑«¬ h‑m-§‑m-s‑X \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c-s‑\ G-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w N‑n-e-h‑n-\‑p-Å I‑m-i‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v a-S-§‑n-b A-\‑p-`-h‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I-Y. H-c‑n-¡Â s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n I‑q-¸‑nÂ X-I‑r-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n-¯‑n-c-¡‑p-Å k-a-b‑w. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v H-c‑p a‑mk-t‑¯-¡‑p-Å `-£-W-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w t‑h-> 25000 c‑q-] H-c‑p s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑ns‑b G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑v A-t‑±-l‑w \‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a-S-§‑n. ]‑n-¶‑m-S-W-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v, s‑I‑mS‑p-¯ I‑m-i‑n-\‑v A-h-i‑y-k‑m-[-\-§Ä h‑m-§‑m-s‑X B s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n I‑m-i‑p‑w s‑I‑m->‑v a‑p-§‑n-b I-Y-b‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-IÄ ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑n-e‑m-b I-Y-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w. F-¶‑mÂ F‑w.-F. F-¶ B \-·-a-c‑w B h-©‑n-¨ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-s‑b i‑n-£‑n¡‑m-t‑\‑m ]-W‑w X‑n-c‑n-s‑I h‑m-§‑m-t‑\‑m t‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m

a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑v-a-k‑v-P‑n-Z‑n-\‑v Ø-e‑w h‑m-§‑p¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S k‑w-`‑m-h-\ A-X‑n-c-äX‑m-W‑v. t‑\‑m-¼‑p-X‑p-d-¡‑m-\‑p-Å h‑n-`-h-§Ä t‑\-c‑n-«‑v h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-I‑m-¯‑n-\‑v P‑m-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-X‑nÀ-h-c-¼‑p-IÄ \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. X-s‑â a‑p-¼‑nÂ H-c‑p s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w X-e-a‑p>-g‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-¼‑nÂ G-X‑p s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-¡‑p‑w \-s‑«-Ã‑p \‑n-hÀ-¯‑n I‑m-c‑y-§Ä t‑\À-¡‑p-t‑\À k‑w-k‑m-c‑n¡‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-t‑a-e‑v-t‑¡‑m-b‑v-a-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c i-Ð-a‑p-bÀ-¯‑p-¶ a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b F‑w.-F.‑, s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f A-X‑n-c-ä‑p k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p. P‑o-h-I‑m-c‑pW‑y-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑nÂ I-e-h-d-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ k-l-Ic-W‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-a‑p-{‑Z-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ k-a-c-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â h‑o-«‑p-]-S‑n-¡Â F-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑\-c‑n-«v A-hs‑c k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v `-£-W-h‑p‑w a-ä‑p H-¯‑m-i-I-f‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑s‑i-e‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k-a-c-§Ä s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v X‑oÀ-¯‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ¡‑v \‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b B-\‑p-I‑q-e‑y-§Ä \-e‑v-I‑p-¶-X‑nÂ {‑i-²‑m-e‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. \‑m-S‑n-\‑p‑w \‑m-«‑mÀ¡‑p‑w X-W-e‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m->‑, {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑â s‑I‑m-S‑n-a-c‑w I-W-s‑¡ D-bÀ-¶‑p ]-´-e‑n-¨‑, B \-·-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-g‑v-N X‑o-c‑m-\-ã-a‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-e--¯‑n-s‑â c-Y-N-{‑I-¯‑n-\-S‑n-b‑nÂ s‑]-S‑m-s‑X N‑nc-k‑v-a-c-W-b‑nÂ N‑n-c-R‑v-P‑o-h‑n-b‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p‑w. Z‑o-]‑v-X-k‑v-a-c-W-b‑v-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑nÂ \-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.tIm-b-¡p-«n kpÃan, ]n.sI. d-km-¡v tN-µ-aw-K-eqÀ, Fw.F. I-_o-À, sI.sI. ap-l½-Zv C-kvem-ln Im-c-tÈcn, sI.]n.kn. ap-l½-Zv lm-Pn I-¡mSv, sI.kn. tIm-bm-ap lm-Pn F-¶n-hÀ Fw.F.bp-sS IqsS. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 105

sImSn-b-¯qÀ `mK-t¯¡v BZy-ambn sImt¡m Irjn sIm@p-h-¶Xv Fw.-F.-Im-c-\m-Wv. ku¯v sImSn-b-¯qcnÂ At±l¯nsâ hoSn-\-Sp-¯pÅ Ihp§n³tXm«-¯nÂ CS-hn-f-¡r-jn-bm-bmWv sImt¡m \«p-]n-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.

]-e-Xn-sâ-bpw Xp-S-¡-¡m-c-\m-b Fw.-F.-¡m-c³

h F.-BÀ. sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ A-²ym-]I³, F-gp-¯p-Imc³

À-j-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v k‑u¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F.-b‑p.]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e H-c-[‑y‑m-]-I³ s‑N-d‑n-b ¢‑m-Ê‑n-s‑e H-c‑p h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ°‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-C-´‑y³ {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑n B-c‑mI‑p-¶‑p?' "-F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-c³.' I‑p-«‑n \‑n-Êt‑¦‑m-N‑w D-¯-c‑w ]-d-ª‑p. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑ns‑â h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ h-e‑n-b k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑n-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. t‑a‑m-i-a‑m-b H-c-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n ]-d-b‑m-\‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e \-Ã I‑m-c‑y§Ä-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑n-¡-h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑ne‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w k-l‑m-b‑w F-¯‑n¨‑p. h‑o-S‑p->‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w s‑]¬-I‑p«‑n-I-s‑f s‑I-«‑n-¨-b-¡‑m-\‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ I-¿-g‑n-ª‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p h-c‑p-¶-h-s‑c s‑hd‑p‑w-s‑s‑I-t‑b‑m-s‑S a-S-¡‑n-b‑n-Ã. ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n A-t‑±-l‑w G-s‑ä-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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S‑p-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ A-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-e-h‑n-e‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v]‑m-h-s‑¸-«-hÀ-¡‑v \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N t‑X‑m-d‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑nÂ h-c‑p‑w. B k-a-b-s‑¯Ã‑m‑w B-h-i‑y-¡‑m-s‑c k-l‑m-b‑n¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑m³ s‑N-¶‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S t‑P‑m-e‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯-hÀ-¡‑v \-s‑Ã‑mc‑p k‑w-J‑y \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n A-hÀ k‑m-£‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p. C-§-s‑\ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e k‑m-a‑q-l‑y‑,-k‑m‑wk‑v-¡‑m-c‑n-I {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-c‑w-K-¯‑v A-t‑±-l‑w h‑y-à‑n-a‑p-{‑Z ]-X‑n-¸‑n-¨‑nc‑p-¶‑p. s‑S-e‑n-h‑n-j³ {‑]-N‑m-c-¯‑n-e‑nÃ‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ s‑S-e‑n-h‑n-j³ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-e h‑n-t‑i-j-ka-b-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v S‑n.-h‑n. I‑m-W‑m-\‑m-b‑n k‑u-I-c‑y‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1984 H-t‑Î‑m_À 31\‑v‑, C-´‑y³ {‑]-[‑m-\-a-{‑´‑nC-µ‑n-c‑m-K‑m-Ô‑n k‑n-J‑v h‑w-i-P-c‑m-b

X-s‑â k‑p-c-£‑m-D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Øc‑p-s‑S s‑h-S‑n-t‑b-ä‑p a-c‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑w-k‑v-¡‑m-c-¨-S-§‑p-IÄ \‑m-«‑pI‑mÀ-¡‑v I‑m-W‑m³ t‑h->‑n s‑Se‑n-h‑n-j³ ]‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑v s‑h-¨‑nc‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-S‑n-s‑â a‑p-ä‑w \‑n-d-s‑b \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑S-e‑n-t‑^‑m¬ I-W-I‑v-j³ A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v N‑p-ä‑p-]‑m-S‑nÂ F-h‑ns‑S-b‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. k‑u¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ B-Z‑y-a‑mb‑n s‑S-e‑n-t‑^‑m¬ I-W-I‑v-j³ e-`‑n-¨-X‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-e‑p‑w ]-Å‑ns‑¯‑m-S‑p-I a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑ns‑â h‑o-«‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v. C-¶-s‑¯ t‑]‑m-s‑e Z‑q-c-Ø-e-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑\-c‑n-«‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑m³ A-¶‑v I-g‑nª‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. {‑S-¦‑v _‑p-¡‑v s‑N-b‑vX‑v I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-X‑nh‑v. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ C‑u h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑S-e‑n-t‑^‑m¬ k‑u-I-c‑y‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

s‑X-s‑¡ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n-s‑e B-a-t‑k‑m¬ \-Z‑o-X‑o-c-¯‑v D-Z‑v-`-h‑n-¨ s‑I‑m-t‑¡‑m a-c‑w t‑e‑m-I-¯‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w h‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑n-c‑p¶‑p. t‑N‑m-I‑v-t‑e-ä‑v \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p-Å A-k‑w-k‑v-¡‑r-X h-k‑v-X‑p-h‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-t‑¡‑m-b‑p-s‑S I‑p-c‑p-¡Ä. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ `‑m-K-t‑¯-¡‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-t‑¡‑m I‑r-j‑n s‑I‑m>‑p-h¶-X‑v F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-\‑m-W‑v. k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-S‑n-\-S‑p-¯‑p-Å I-h‑p-§‑n³-t‑X‑m-«-¯‑nÂ C-S-h‑n-f-¡‑r-j‑n-b‑m-b‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-t‑¡‑m \-«‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v s‑I‑mt‑¡‑m I‑p-c‑p-h‑n-\‑v \-Ã a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v h‑n-e I‑p-dª-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑I‑mt‑¡‑m-a-c-§Ä a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p a‑m-ä‑p-I-b‑m-W‑p->‑m-bX‑v. s‑X-§‑n-\‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w h-f-a‑m-b‑p‑w I‑m-e‑n-¯‑oä-b‑m-b‑p‑w X-W-e‑m-b‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑N-d‑n-b a-c-a‑m-W‑v i‑oa-s‑¡‑m-¶. C-X‑v s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¨-X‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w ]‑m-et‑¡‑m-«‑p ]-d-¼‑nÂ D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n I‑m-¡-b‑p‑w s‑I.-S‑n. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ I‑m-¡-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. i‑o-a-s‑¡‑m-¶-b‑p-s‑S ^tdmss¹ D-Zv-Lm-S-\ N-S-§n-te-¡v K-Xm-K-X h-Ip¸p a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ sI.]n. kp-P-\-]m-ens\ B-\-bn-¡p¶p. (21þ1þ1990) C-e-¨‑m-d‑v ]-¨-¡-d‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 107

ku-¯v sIm-Sn-b¯q-cnÂ B-Zy-am-bn sS-en-t^m¬ I-W-Iv-j³ e-`n-¨-Xv Fw.-F. ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ ho-«n-epw ]-Åns¯m-Sp-I ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ ho-«n-ep-am-Wv.

I‑r-j‑n-b‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w I‑o-S-§-s‑f A-I-ä‑m³ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v hÀ-j-§-t‑f‑m-f‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ (I‑q-¸‑p-]-W‑n‑) GÀ-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w h-f-s‑c-¡‑me‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X s‑]‑m-b‑nÂ¡-c A-l‑v-a-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v, ]‑n.-s‑I. I-½‑p-®‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶‑n-hÀ A-¡‑m-c‑y-§Ä h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p X-c‑pI-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑o-g‑v¡-c‑m-s‑d-S‑p-¯‑m-W‑v ]-W‑n \-S-¯‑nb‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. a-c-§Ä-¡‑v t‑^‑m-d-Ì‑v U‑n-]‑mÀ-«‑v-s‑aâ‑v \-¼-d‑n-«‑v t‑e-e‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-§-s‑\ I‑q-¸‑v t‑e-e‑w h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¡-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑n-\-S‑p-¯‑p-Å I‑p-S‑nb‑m³-a-e F-¶ Ø-e-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p B-Z‑y‑w I‑q-¸‑v F-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶X‑v. 1957 I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑n-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n h‑m-l\-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w ]-W‑n-¡‑mc‑p‑w \-S-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-W‑n-Øe-s‑¯-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. I‑q-¸‑nÂ s‑I-«‑n-b‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b s‑j-U‑nÂ a-c‑w s‑I‑m->‑p->‑m-¡‑p-¶ F-e-´-b‑ne‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-W‑n-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S I‑n-S-¯‑w. t‑h-\-e‑v¡‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v I‑q-¸‑p-]-W‑n-b‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑e-e‑w s‑N-b‑v-s‑X-S‑p-¯ a-c-§Ä a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p I-j‑v-W-§-f‑m-¡‑n X‑p-f-b‑n-S‑p‑w. B X‑p-f-b‑nÂ N-§-e s‑I-«‑n B-\-s‑b-s‑¡‑m->‑v h-e‑n¸‑n-¡‑p‑w. I‑p-¯-s‑\-b‑p-Å Ø-e¯‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-c-§Ä X‑m-t‑g‑m-«‑v D-c‑p-«‑n-b‑n-S‑p‑w. t‑d‑m-U‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b‑mÂ t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑nÂ I-b-ä‑n s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑mI‑p‑w. ]‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑p‑w ]‑m-«-¯‑n-s‑\-S‑p-¯-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑p-¸X‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w B-\-IÄ F‑w.-F.¡‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-t‑c k-a-b-¯‑v ]-{‑´-t‑>m-f‑w I‑q-¸‑p-IÄ A-t‑±l‑w k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-Ã‑m-¡Â I‑p-ª‑n-½‑p a‑p-k‑ve‑n-b‑mÀ‑, s‑]-c‑n-§‑w-]‑p-d-¯‑v ]-c‑o-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 108

¡‑p-«‑n-I‑m-¡‑, I-¸-e‑m-S³ t‑I‑m-b‑ma‑p-«‑n-I‑m-¡ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b‑n-IÄ. N‑qcÂ I-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑nb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑^‑m-d-Ì‑nÂ [‑m-c‑m-f‑w N‑q-c-e‑p->‑m-h‑p‑w. A-h t‑e-e‑w s‑N-b‑v-s‑X-S‑p-¯‑v a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p I-b-ä‑p-a-X‑n s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S-b‑p-s‑S I‑mÂ‑, I-t‑k-c X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-b‑p->‑m-¡‑m-\‑mW‑v N‑q-cÂ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v N‑q-c-e‑n-\‑v \-Ã h‑n-]W‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-«‑n-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â I-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. H‑m-S‑v, s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª-X‑v. I‑q-s‑S t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-¿‑p-¶-h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑p. ]-W‑n-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑ms‑S-b‑p-Å s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-hÀ-¡‑v t‑h->-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w Z‑oÀ-L-Z‑r-ã‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v {‑]-hÀ¯‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-¿‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â k-l-N‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v C‑u I‑p-d‑n-¸‑p-I‑m-c-\‑v {‑]-b‑m-k-a‑p->‑m¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. C-Æ‑n-j-b-I-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑\-c‑n-«‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v B-{‑K-l-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. F-¶‑m-e-X‑v \-S-¶‑n-Ã. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-I³ F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v k‑u¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ k-e-^‑o-a-k‑v-P‑nZ‑v I-½‑n-ä‑n-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-k‑n-U-â‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-h‑p‑w a‑m-X‑m-h‑v B-k‑y l-Ö‑p-½-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v k-e-^‑o a-k‑v-P‑nZ‑n-\‑p t‑h-> Ø-e‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v. C-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-¡-f‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-l-Ã¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h> k-l‑m-b-k-l-I-c-W-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.- F.- Ip-Spw-_-hpw \m-«p-Im-cpw

-kÀ-_‑m-t‑¦‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n Z‑m-l‑w s‑X‑m-> h-ä‑n-¨‑v X-fÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑m--h‑p‑w. A-bÂ-]¡-¡‑m-c‑m-b I‑q-«‑q-I‑mÀ-s‑¡‑m-¸‑w X‑q-¡‑p-]‑m-{‑X-h‑p-s‑a-S‑p-¯‑v C-¶‑p‑w t‑]-c‑p I‑n-«‑m-¯‑, A-{‑X I->‑n«‑n-Ã‑m-¯‑, \‑n-d-b‑n-e-a-c-¯‑n-s‑â A-c‑n-I‑v ]-ä‑n R-§Ä h-e‑n-b _-l-f-§-f‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X F‑w.-F.-¡‑mc‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¡-f-`‑m-K-t‑¯-s‑¡¯‑p‑w. h‑o-«‑p-t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑v \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ s‑]-t‑®‑m B h‑o-«‑n-s‑e D-½-t‑b‑m ]‑m-{‑X-I‑n-e‑p-¡‑w t‑I-« D-S³‑, {‑^‑n-U‑v-P‑nÂ R-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h->‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w I-c‑p-X‑n-s‑h-¡‑p-¶ s‑F-k‑v I-j‑v-W-§Ä F-S‑p-¯‑v s‑I‑m->‑pX-c‑p‑w. C-¶‑p‑w X-W‑p-¸‑v h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑mI‑m-¯ d‑w-k‑m³ I‑m-e-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.F.I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯ ]-d-ª‑p-X‑p-S§‑m³ C-ã‑w. A-bÂ-]-¡-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F. A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p-a‑p>‑v. A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mg‑m-W‑v F-g‑p-¯‑p-IÄ-¡‑v I‑m-¼‑v s‑h-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑m-d‑p->‑v. H-¶‑v s‑N-¯‑n-a‑n-\‑p-§‑n A-§‑m-S‑n-

b‑nÂ C-d-§‑n-b‑mÂ "-Ö‑n ]‑n-s‑¶ F-t‑½-¡‑m-c-s‑â s‑]‑m-t‑cÂ-¯-X‑mW-t‑Ã‑m-' F-¶‑v X-a‑m-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p>‑v. A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y‑w t‑a‑m-i-a-Ã‑m-¯ a‑o³ h‑m-§‑n-b‑mÂ "-F-§-«‑m-t‑S‑m‑, F‑w.F.-¡‑m-c-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑mt‑W‑m-' F-¶‑v I-f‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b I‑m-eh‑p-a‑p->‑v. H‑mÀ-½-IÄ-¡‑v _-e‑w s‑h-¨ I‑m-e‑w s‑X‑m-«‑v, ]-W-¡‑m-c-‑m-b h-e‑y-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-a‑mb‑m-W‑v F‑w.F.-I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯ t‑I«‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑v. s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ A-e‑v-]‑w {‑]‑u-V‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑pa‑m-b‑n D-]-a‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h ]-W-¡‑m-s‑c-¶‑p t‑IÄ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑p->‑m-I‑p-¶ A-k‑zØ-X-IÄ B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯-¡‑pd‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D->‑m-I‑m-d‑n-Ã. A-h-c‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨-I-f‑nÂ X-es‑N‑m-d‑n-ª‑v B-c‑p‑w ]‑n-d‑p-]‑n-d‑p-¯X‑p‑w t‑I-«‑n-«‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-X-§-s‑\-b‑mW‑v. B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w \‑m-S‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-{‑X-t‑aÂ A-S‑p-¯‑p‑w C-W-§‑nb‑p-a‑m-W‑v P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 109

lm-jv-an \n-bm-kv kn.Sn. ku-¯v sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ bph F-gp-¯p-Imc³

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ hm-Zn-d-lv-a-bnÂ ap-kven-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_w \nÀ-½n¨ Fw.F. A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv aue-hn kv-am-c-I I-hm-S-¯n-sâ D-Zv-LmS-\w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_v \nÀ-Æ-ln-¡p¶p.

s]m-Xp-sh ]-W-¡m-sc-¶p tIÄ-¡p-t¼mÄ \m-«p-ImÀ-¡p-@mIp-¶ A-kz-ØX-IÄ B Ip-Spw_-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ D-@m-Im-dn-Ã. A-h-cp-sS h-fÀ-¨I-fnÂ X-e-sNm-dnªv B-cpw ]n-dp]n-dp-¯-Xpw tI-«n-«p-an-Ã.

]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w t‑X‑m¶‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v, B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑â D-bÀ-¨-IÄ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ]-e-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-\‑n-h‑m-c‑y-Xb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v. \‑m-«‑nÂ \-S-¡‑p-¶ I-e‑y‑m-W-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w B I‑p-S‑p‑w_‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b k‑v-t‑\-l-s‑¸-c‑p-a‑m-ä-a‑p->‑v. ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w X‑nc‑n-¨‑p-h‑o-«‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑m-I‑m-¯ I-S-¸‑m-S‑p-IÄ. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ]‑m-hs‑¸-«-h-s‑c ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w I‑mW‑n-¡‑p-¶ X‑oÀ-¶‑p t‑]‑m-I‑m-¯ H-c‑p ]-c‑n-K-W-\-b‑p->‑v. \‑m-S‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p‑w B \-µ‑n I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p¶‑p-s‑>-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑p. G-X‑v c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¯‑n-\‑p‑w G-X‑v a-X-¯‑n-\‑p‑w H-t‑c h-g‑nI-f‑p-Å h‑o-S‑m-W-X‑v. R-§-f‑ps‑S-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑mb‑p-Å F‑w.-F.I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e a-¡Ä-X-e-a‑p-d-b‑p‑w A-t‑X k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w C-S-]-g-I-e‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 110

s‑>-¶-X‑v k-t‑´‑m-j‑w X-s‑¶. ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-¯‑n-s‑â h-g‑n ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v s‑N-¶‑mÂ C‑u X-e-a‑p-d s‑X‑m-«‑v F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-s‑_-¶ h-e‑n-b a-c-¯‑n-s‑â t‑N‑m-«‑n-t‑es‑¡-¯‑p-¶ Z‑q-c‑w h-s‑c X-WÂ \-\-ª A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä X-s‑¶b‑m-I‑p‑w C‑u \‑m-S‑n-\‑v ]-d-b‑m-\‑p>‑m-h‑p-I. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v F‑w.F.I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v. \‑m-S‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑NÀ-¶‑v, \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c t‑NÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n \-Ã `‑w-K‑nb‑p-Å H-X‑p-¡-t‑a‑m-s‑S B I‑p-S‑p‑w_‑w \-½‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑v. P‑o-h-X-¯‑nÂ C-¶‑p h-s‑c H-c‑p h-c‑n k‑w-`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-s‑â ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶‑, \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑ps‑S F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑p F-¶-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b h‑n-j-a‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ C‑u \‑m-S‑nt‑\‑m-S‑v I‑m-W‑n-¨ \-Ã a-\-Ê‑ns‑â I‑p-d-s‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½-IÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p-Å-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑m-s‑W-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.

A§-s\-bmWv tImgn-t¡mSv Ign-ªmÂ ]ns¶ ]me-¡mSv am{Xw e`y-am-bn-cp¶ tImw{SÌv I®m-ip-]{XnbpsS tkh\w \½psS sIm¨p-{Km-a-¯nÂ e`y-am-b-Xv. C¶v \m«nepw adp-\m-«n-ep-apÅ \qdp-I-W-¡n-\m-fp-I-fpsS Ah-ew-_-ambn amdn-bn-cn¡p¶p \½psS am¡Â I®m-ip-]-{Xn.

In-Uv-\n-sb I-cp-Xm-\m-bn-Ã, ]-I-cw I-®n-s\ I-cp-Xn-b Fw.-F.-Im-c³

F‑w

.-F. F-¶ c->£-c-§-f‑p‑w F‑w.F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶ {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-h‑p‑w h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-d‑n-b-X‑mW‑v. F-s‑â c->‑v t‑P‑y-j‑vT-·‑m-c‑ne‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v R‑m³ B h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ A-d‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v. A-l‑va-Z‑v-I‑m-¡-b‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w k-lN‑m-c‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-Ð‑p-I‑m-¡ Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e h‑n-i‑z-k‑v-X \-S-¯‑n-¸‑pI‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\ D-½-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w F‑w.F.-I‑m-c-s‑â k‑z-`‑m-h-k-h‑n-t‑i-j-XI-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. h-fÀ-¶‑v h-e‑p-X‑mb-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, B A-£-c-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-t‑b‑m-K-h‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ I‑q-S‑pXÂ B-g-¯‑nÂ k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-t‑«-s‑d A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä F-\‑n-¡‑p>‑m-b‑n. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w_-¯‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶ h-fÀ-¨-bnÂ

a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-i‑n-b‑m-b A-t‑±-l-s‑¯¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-e-X‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑n-e‑q-s‑Sb‑p‑w t‑I-«-d‑n-ª‑p. F-s‑â h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I‑m-e-L-«¯‑n-e‑p‑w A-[‑y‑m-]-I-P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-\‑nS-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]-e h‑n-j-b-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ k-a‑o-]‑nt‑¡->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. B I‑q-S‑n-¡‑mg‑v-N-IÄ H‑m-t‑c‑m-¶‑p‑w a-[‑p-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑m-b‑n a-\-Ê‑n-e‑n-¶‑p‑w X-§‑n-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-\‑n-[‑n-b‑p‑w h‑n-\-b‑m-\‑z‑n-X-\‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. 2008Â s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v ]‑m-e‑nt‑b-ä‑o-h‑v s‑I-bÀ s‑k‑m-s‑s‑k-ä‑n B-c‑w-`‑w I‑p-d‑n-¨-X‑v a‑p-XÂ Z‑oÀL-I‑m-e-s‑¯ s‑k-{‑I-«-d‑n F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ ]-e I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑m-d‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v {‑]-hÀ¯-\-§-s‑f \‑n-c-´-c‑w t‑{‑]‑mÕ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. \-½‑p-s‑S ‑"-]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v `-h³-‑' \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶ Ø-e‑w h‑m-§‑p-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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]n.-Fw. A-Ðp-¶m-kÀ A[ym-]I³ sk{I-«dn, s]-bn³ & ]m-en-tb-äohv sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ

¶-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v A-t‑±l-s‑¯ k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n a-I³ \‑m-kÀ-¡-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ R-§Ä s‑N-¶‑p. D-t‑±-i‑y-e-£‑y-§Ä h‑n-i-Z‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p. A-¶‑v H-c‑p U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v s‑kâ-d‑pÄ-s‑¸-s‑S-b‑p-Å _‑r-l-X‑v]-²-X‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p e-£‑y-a‑n-«‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v. ]‑n-X‑m-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑v \‑m-kÀ-¡ Ø-e-s‑a-S‑p-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑mb‑n \-Ã H-c‑p X‑p-I \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X Ø-e-¯‑v s‑I-«‑n-S‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨‑p X-c‑m-s‑a-¶‑v H‑m-^À s‑N¿‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. Ø-e‑w X-s‑¶ F-§-s‑\ h‑m-§‑p‑w F-¶‑p I-c‑p-X‑n h‑y‑m-I‑p-e-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ R-§Ä-¡‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-K‑v-Z‑m-\‑w s‑s‑Z-h-{‑]k‑m-Z‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-W‑v A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸«-X‑v. G-s‑d k-t‑´‑m-j-h‑p‑w B-t‑hi-h‑p‑w ]-I-c‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑w. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v Ø-e-s‑a-S‑p-¸‑n-\‑m-b‑p-Å {‑i-a-§Ä-¡‑v t‑h-K-X I‑q-S‑n. A-X‑n\‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-½‑mh-\‑p‑w ]‑u-c-{‑]-a‑p-J-\‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑mb‑n-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e h‑n-I-k-\-§Ä-¡‑v F-¶‑p‑w a‑p-¶‑nÂ \-S-¡‑m-d‑p-Å

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ tImw-{S-kv-äv I®m-ip-]{Xn D-Zv-Lm-S-\ NS§v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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B-f‑p-a‑m-b s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³ l‑m-P‑n-s‑b k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â D-S-a-Ø-Xb‑nÂ a‑m-¡Â B-k‑v-]-{‑X‑n-b‑ps‑S A-S‑p-¯‑p-Å Ø-e-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b Ø-e‑w U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑n-ä‑n-\‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-I‑m-s‑a-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. C-X‑p‑w-I‑q-S‑n t‑I-«-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§Ä-¡‑v C-c-«‑n a-[‑p-c-a‑m-b‑n. A-§-s‑\ I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-X‑nt‑h-K-X-b‑nÂ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p¶-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e h‑n-Z-K‑v-²-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-t‑e‑m-N-\IÄ \-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v s‑kâ-d‑p‑w U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑nä‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-£-a-X-t‑b‑m-s‑S \-S-¯‑ns‑¡‑m->‑p t‑]‑m-h‑m³ s‑h-t‑Æ-s‑d k-a‑n-X‑n-IÄ X-s‑¶ t‑h-W-s‑a-¶‑v F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w H-t‑c k‑z-c-¯‑nÂ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-s‑¸-«‑p. A-X‑p {‑]-I‑m-c‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ]‑u-c-{‑]-a‑p-J-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-¶-²-{‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑b‑m-K‑w t‑NÀ-¶‑v U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑n-ä‑n-\‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n Medi-

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ tImw-{S-kv-äv I®m-ip-]{Xn

cal Initiative Charitable Trust (MICT) F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ H-c‑p {‑S-Ì‑v c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p¯‑p- I-g‑n-ª‑mÂ A-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑oI-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v h‑n-{‑i-a-a‑n-Ã. a‑m-¡Â B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑nb‑p-s‑S a‑p³-h-i-¯‑p-Å \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑n¡-s‑¸-« Ø-e-¯‑v U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑n-ä‑n-\‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n \‑m-e‑v-]-X‑v e-£‑w c‑q-] s‑N-e-h-g‑n-¨‑v s‑I-«‑n-S‑w \‑nÀ-½‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑n-ä‑v B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p-Å F-Ã‑m {‑i-a-§-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑n. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v a‑n‑w-k‑v t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑näÂ‑, C-J‑v-d-A‑v, H‑m-a-t‑È-c‑n i‑m-´‑n‑, s‑a-U‑n-¡Â t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v k‑n.-F-¨‑v. s‑kâÀ DÄ-s‑¸-s‑S-b‑p-Å B-k‑v]-{‑X‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-¶-²-k‑w-L-S\-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑p. B-h-i‑ya‑m-b s‑a-j‑o-\‑p-IÄ \-e‑v-I‑m-s‑a-¶‑p‑w s‑N-e-h‑v h-l‑n-¡‑m-s‑a-¶‑p‑w G-ä‑p. ]-t‑£‑, h‑n-Z-K‑v-[-c‑m-b t‑U‑m-ÎÀa‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w B-[‑p-\‑n-I-k‑w-h‑n-[‑m\-§-f‑p-Å H-c‑p B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w A-`‑m-h-¯‑nÂ \-½‑p-t‑S-X‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å H-c‑p {‑K‑m-a-¯‑nÂ U-b‑me‑n-k‑n-k‑v b‑q-\‑n-ä‑n-\‑v ]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n-IÄ G-s‑d-b‑p-s‑>-¶‑v H-S‑p-h‑nÂ X‑n-c‑n-¨d‑n-b‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

\‑n-c‑m-i-\‑m-I‑m-s‑X {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X s‑I-«‑n-S‑w P-t‑\‑m-]-I‑m-c-{‑]-Z-a‑m-b a-s‑ä-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑p h‑n-«‑p-\-e‑v-I-W-s‑a-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. G-s‑d NÀ-¨-IÄs‑¡‑m-S‑p-h‑nÂ MICTb‑p-s‑S t‑aÂt‑\‑m-«-¯‑nÂ t‑I‑m‑w-{‑S-Ì‑v I-®‑m-i‑p]-{‑X‑n-¡‑m-b‑n {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X s‑I-«‑n-S‑w h‑n-«‑p-\-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v I-g‑n-ª‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w e-`‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑I‑m‑w-{‑SÌ‑v I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑k-h\‑w \-½‑p-s‑S s‑I‑m-¨‑p-{‑K‑m-a-¯‑nÂ e-`‑y-a‑m-b-X‑v. C-¶‑v \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w a-d‑p-\‑m-«‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å \‑q-d‑p-I-W-¡‑n\‑m-f‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S A-h-e‑w-_-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p \-½‑p-s‑S a‑m-¡Â I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n. hÀ-j‑m-hÀ-j‑w k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n¡‑m-d‑p-Å ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v t‑c‑m-K‑nk‑w-K-a-¯‑n-s‑e Ø‑n-c‑w k-µÀi-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. H‑m-t‑c‑m t‑c‑m-K‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯‑v s‑N-¶‑v k‑u-l‑r-Z‑w ]‑p-X‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑c‑m-Kh‑n-h-c-§Ä A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w I-> t‑i-j‑w k‑w-L‑m-S-I-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-`‑n{‑]‑m-b-§Ä ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¡‑p‑w. B-hi‑y-a‑m-b k-l‑m-b-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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am-¡Â B-ip-]-{Xnbp-sS ap³-h-i¯p-Å \nÀ-t±-in-¡-s¸-« Ø-e-¯v U-bmen-kn-kv bq-\nän-\p am-{X-am-bn \m-ev-]-Xv e-£w cq-] sN-e-h-gn-¨v sI-«n-Sw \nÀ-½n-¨ ti-jw U-bm-en-kn-kv bq-\n-äv B-cw`n-¡p-hm-\p-Å F-Ãm {i-a-§fpw A-t±-lw \-S-¯n.

]m-en-tb-äohv tk-h-\w ]-©m-b-¯nse a-e-tbm-c{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ e-`y-am-¡m-\m-bn H-cp s_m-tetdm Po-¸v th-Wsa-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p A-Xv. H-«pw Xm-a-knbm-sX X-s¶ A-hÀ R-§Ä \nÀ-t±-in-¨ hm-l-\w hm-§n ]m-en-tb-äo-hn-\v ssI-am-dn.

t‑i-j-t‑a A-t‑±-l‑w a-S-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-h‑md‑p-Å‑p. h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-ª I‑m-e-s‑¯ _-Ô‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑p-Å F-s‑â a-\Ê‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w a‑m-b‑m-¯ A-S-b‑mf-§Ä k‑r-ã‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-e ]-g-b X-e-a‑p-d-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑nÂZ‑m-X‑m-h‑p‑w X‑m-§‑p‑w X-W-e‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. t‑d-j³ h‑m-§‑m³ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ h-c‑p-¶ Z‑n-h-k‑w I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p-h-t‑{‑X. I‑q-¸‑p-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑n H‑m-S‑v, a-c‑w h‑y-hk‑m-b-i‑r‑w-J-e-b‑p-s‑S X‑n-c-t‑¡-d‑n-b A-[‑n-]-\‑m-b-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \‑m-S‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a-d¶‑n-Ã. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b‑mÂ h‑m-l\-a‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w C-ã-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e k‑z-´‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-It‑¯-¡‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑mÂ-\-S-b‑m-b‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m-I‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ ]-c‑n-N-b-¡‑m-t‑c‑m-s‑S-Ã‑m‑w I‑p-i-e‑mt‑\‑z-j-W‑w \-S-¯‑p‑w. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e t‑d‑m-U‑v, k‑v-¡‑qÄ‑, B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n X‑p-S-§‑n k-I-e I‑m-c‑y-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â C-S-s‑]S-e‑p-IÄ D->‑m-h‑m-d‑p->‑v. C-§-s‑\ F-Ã‑m AÀ-°-¯‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-j‑v-¡-f-¦ t‑k-h-\-¯‑n-s‑â BÄ-c‑q-]-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å H‑mÀ½-IÄ G-s‑d a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w H-c‑m-h-i‑y-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n R-§-Ä A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯ k-a‑o-]‑n-¨‑p. ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑v t‑k-h-\‑w ]-©‑m-b¯‑n-s‑e a-e-t‑b‑m-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑nÂ e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n H-c‑p s‑_‑m-t‑e-t‑d‑m P‑o-¸‑v t‑h-W-s‑a-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. H-«‑p‑w X‑m-a-k‑n-b‑m-s‑X X-s‑¶ A-hÀ R-§Ä \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑n-¨ h‑m-l-\‑w h‑m§‑n ]‑m-e‑n-t‑b-ä‑o-h‑n-\‑v s‑s‑I-a‑m-d‑n. C-§-s‑\ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S ]‑m-X-b‑nÂ¯-s‑¶ k-©-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ \‑nÀ-h‑r-X‑n-b-S-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑n³X-e-a‑p-d s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p-s‑>-¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w G-s‑d {‑]-X‑o-£ \-e‑v-I‑p-¶X‑m-W‑v. ]-S-¨-h³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â kÂ-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡‑v X-¡X‑m-b {‑]-X‑n-^-e‑w \-e‑v-I‑n A-\‑p-{‑Kl‑n-¡-s‑« F-¶ {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S \‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶‑p.

_n-cp-Zw t\-Sm-¯ Fw F Im-c³

k‑u

-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e ‑"e-a‑n-\‑' ]-Å‑n-¡‑p-f-¯‑n-s‑â B-g-§-f‑nÂ\‑n-¶‑v \‑oÀ-¡‑p-a‑n-f-IÄ s‑]‑m§‑n-h-¶‑p s‑]‑m-«‑p-¶-X‑p‑w ]-cÂ a‑o-\‑p-I-f‑p‑w I-®‑m³-N‑q-«‑n-I-f‑p‑w \‑o-´‑n-¯‑p-S‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w F-{‑X t‑\-c‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n \‑n-¶‑m-e‑p‑w a-X‑n-hc‑m-¯ H-c‑p I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-a‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. k-‑v-I‑qÄ h‑n-«‑mÂ s‑s‑h-I‑pt‑¶-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-g‑n-h‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w G-s‑d t‑\-c-h‑p‑w I‑p-f-¯‑n-s‑e a‑q-¶‑mÄ s‑]‑m-¡‑w B-g-¯‑nÂ s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p-I‑m-W‑p-¶ C-¯‑n-f‑p-If‑p‑w s‑h-Å‑m-c‑w-I-Ã‑p-I-f‑p‑w a‑p-§‑ns‑b-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â {‑X‑n-Ã‑v ]-d-ªd‑n-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. \‑o-´‑m³ ] T‑n-¨-X‑n-s‑â a‑m-ÌÀ _‑n-c‑p-Z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-X‑v. ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯‑v, h‑nh‑n-[ hÀ-®-¸‑q-¡Ä \‑n-d-ª t‑_‑m-K¬-h‑n-Ã-IÄ h‑n-X‑m-\‑n-¨ a-X‑n-e‑p‑w C-c‑p-¼‑p t‑K-ä‑p-a‑p-Å H‑m-S‑n-« k‑m-a‑m-\‑y‑w h-e‑n-b h‑o«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v H-¸‑w ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n-b‑p‑w A-h-f‑p-s‑S s‑I‑m¨-\‑n-b-\‑p‑w k-‑v-I‑q-f‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶X‑v. A-h‑n-s‑S h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m-d‑p>‑v. ]‑mâ‑v-k‑v [-c‑n-¨ B-P‑m-\-_‑ml‑p-h‑m-b H-c‑p b‑p-h-t‑I‑m-a-f³‑! B-s‑c-b‑p‑w B-IÀ-j‑n-¡‑p-¶ F-t‑´‑m H-¶‑v {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-a‑m-b‑n D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B a‑p-J-¯‑v. R-§Ä s‑N-d‑n-b-h-c‑p‑w h-e‑n-b-hc‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ F‑w-F I‑m-cs‑\-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v.

F‑w F‑, F‑w _‑n F t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å A-¡‑m-Z-a‑n-I t‑b‑m-K‑y-X-IÄ t‑\-S‑nb‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-h‑n-[ `‑m-j‑m-h‑n\‑n-a-b-¯‑n-e‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v a‑m-t‑\-P‑vs‑a³-d‑n-e‑p‑w _‑n-c‑p-Z‑m-\-´-c-_‑n-c‑p-Z‑w t‑\-S‑n-b-h-t‑c-¡‑mÄ {‑]‑m-KÂ-`‑y‑w s‑Xf‑n-b‑n-¨ h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w F I‑m-c³‑! s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å \‑n-c-h-[‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w_-§-f‑p-s‑S A-¶-Z‑m-X‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. I‑q-¸‑v F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ kÀ-¡‑mÀ h-\-§-f‑n-s‑e a-c-§Ä t‑e-e-¯‑nÂ h‑m-§‑n h‑nÂ-¸-\ \-S-¯‑p-¶ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-If‑m-b {‑]-a‑m-W‑n-a‑m-c‑nÂ H-c‑m-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. hÀ-j-¯‑n-s‑e a-g-¡‑m-e-a-Ã‑m-¯ B-t‑d-g‑v a‑m-k-§Ä t‑I-c-f‑w‑, IÀW‑m-S-I‑, X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v k‑w-Ø‑m-\-§f‑n-s‑e s‑I‑m-S‑p‑w I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑ns‑e-b‑p‑w b‑p-h‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a-[‑y-h-bk-‑v-I-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X‑w. B-\-I-f‑p‑w t‑e‑m-d‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ a-e-I-b-d‑n h³-a-c-§Ä s‑h-«‑n-a‑p-d‑n-¨‑v I-Ã‑m-b‑n-b‑nÂ F-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. X-S‑n a‑n-Ã‑p-I-f‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v D-c‑p-¸-S‑n-I-f‑m-¡‑n t‑e‑m-I-h‑n-]-W‑n-b‑nÂ h‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. N‑n-e-b‑n-\‑w a-c-§Ä s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑m-¡‑n h‑nÂ-¸-\ \-S-¯‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v, s‑s‑SÂ-k‑v X‑pS-§‑n-b _-l‑p-a‑p-J _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v k‑m{‑a‑m-P‑y‑w A-t‑±-l‑w s‑I-«‑n-¸-S‑p-¯‑p. d-a-Z‑m³‑, s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ k-µÀ-`§-f‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-¡‑n-S-I-h-d‑p-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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]n.]n. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ Fgp-¯p-Imc³ dn-«. A-[ym-]I³

s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w ]‑m-hs‑¸-«-hÀ-¡‑p‑w B-i‑z‑m-k‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v [À-a‑nã-c‑m-b h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-a‑m-c‑p‑w B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¡‑q-«-¯‑nÂ G-s‑d a‑p-¼‑ne‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \-½‑p-s‑S I-Y‑m]‑p-c‑p-j³. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v A-]-Z‑m-\-§Ä \‑m‑w ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑IÄ¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p->‑v. F-¶‑mÂ H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w a‑m{‑X‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ Z-l‑n-¡‑m-s‑X I‑n-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p; A-t‑±-l-h‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w A-l-½-Z‑n-b‑m a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑v. a-{‑Z-k‑m ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I¯‑nÂ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-d-b‑p-¶‑n-S-¯‑v H-c‑p h‑m-I‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ t‑\‑m-h‑n-¨‑p. ‑"J‑m-Z‑nb‑m-\‑n-IÄ I‑m-^‑n-d‑m-I‑p-¶‑p‑' F-¶ {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\-b‑v-¡‑v I‑m-c-W-t‑a‑m h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c-Wt‑a‑m F-g‑p-X‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-[‑y‑m-]-IÀ A-X‑v h‑n-i-Z‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p X-¶-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. I‑q-s‑S ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n A-X‑nÂ s‑]-S‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m F-¶X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-\‑x-{‑]-b‑m-k¯‑n-\‑p I‑m-c-W‑w. a-X-`‑u-X‑n-I h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k c‑w-K-¯‑v G-s‑d a‑p-¼‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ‑"c>‑m‑w s‑]‑m-¶‑m\‑n‑' F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ. k‑n-d‑m-P‑pÂ C-k‑v--e‑m‑w a-{‑Z-k t‑I-c-f¯‑n-s‑e B-Z‑y-I‑m-e a-X]‑mT-i‑m-e-I-f‑nÂ H-¶‑m-W‑v. k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e \‑y‑q k‑u-¯‑v lbÀ F-e‑ns‑aâ-d‑n k-‑v-I‑q-f‑nÂ h‑n-Z‑q-c {‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑nI-f‑p‑w ]T‑n-¡‑m³ F-¯‑n-b‑n-

c‑p-¶‑p. a-ä‑v ]-e a-l-Ã‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w \-S-¶‑p-h-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑\À-¨‑, d‑m-¯‑o-_‑v, D-d‑q-k‑v, a‑m-e a‑u-e‑n-Z‑p-IÄ X‑p-S-§‑n H-c‑p P‑m-l‑n-e‑n-¿-¯‑p‑w C‑u a-lÃ‑nÂ \-S-¸‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-e-S-¡‑w F-Ã‑m ]-Å‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-e-b‑mf-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P‑p-a‑p-A J‑p-X‑p-_ \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¨‑p-h-¶‑nc‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑p I‑m-c-W¡‑m-c³ s‑h-Ã‑qÀ _‑m-J‑nb‑m-¯‑p k‑z‑m-e‑n-l‑m-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v _‑n-c‑p-Z‑w t‑\-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-\‑m-N‑m-c-§Ä-s‑¡-X‑n-s‑c i-à-a‑m-b‑n t‑]‑m-c‑m-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w J‑p-X‑p-_ ]-c‑n-`‑m-j-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« H-t‑«-s‑d ]‑p-k‑v-XI-§Ä c-N‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑Nb‑v-X a-l-Ã‑v J‑m-Z‑n a‑p-k‑v--e‑n-b‑mc-I-¯‑v A-Ð‑pÂ A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S [‑o-c-a‑m-b \‑n-e]‑m-S‑p-IÄ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p; H-¸‑w I-®‑m-«‑nÂ I‑p-ª‑n-c‑mb‑n³ a‑p-É‑n-b‑mÀ‑, I-®-t‑©c‑n a-c-¡‑mÀ l‑m-P‑n‑, s‑I k‑n A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-bh-c‑p-s‑S ]‑n-´‑p-W-b‑p‑w. 1937e‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑nÂ A-l-½-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m\-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-¯‑v h‑o-W-X‑v F-¶‑v ]‑nÂ-¡‑m-e-¯‑v A-X‑ns‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]T-\‑w \-S-¯‑nb-t‑¸‑mÄ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. \-t‑S ]-d-ª ]-Þ‑n-X t‑I-k-c‑n-I-f‑p‑w a-e_‑m-d‑n-s‑e D-e-a‑m-¡-f‑p‑w t‑NÀ¶‑v A-X‑n-s‑\ i-à-a‑m-b‑n D-]-t‑c‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. N‑o-^‑v a‑n-j-\-d‑n F-¨‑v F A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑nb‑p-s‑S t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑nÂ Alv aZn ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ ]-e-X-h-W k‑w-h‑m-Z-§Ä \-S-¶‑p. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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1964Â s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \-S-¶ k‑w-Ø‑m-\ k-t‑½-f-\a‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨-s‑b X‑z-c‑n-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v. A-t‑X‑mS-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑nÂ AlvaZnb‑m a‑n-j³ l‑u-k‑v Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. H-c‑p A-\‑p`‑m-h‑n a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-X‑n-\‑p X-d-¡-Ã‑n-«-X‑v. A-S‑p-¯ hÀ-j-§-f‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v I‑p-t‑d t‑]À AlvaZnb‑m a-X‑w k‑z‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b‑n³ A-[‑nI‑m-c‑n-b‑p‑w F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ DÄ-s‑]«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w F I‑m-c-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑nÂ c-t‑>‑m a‑qt‑¶‑m t‑]À a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v A-ÒZ‑n-I-f‑m-b-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑p‑w k-l‑m-b-§f‑p‑w \Â-I‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ k‑z-´‑w {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v H-c‑p ]-c‑n-K-W-\-b‑p‑w a‑p³-K-W\-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \Â-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. A-§‑n-s‑\ A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¦‑nÂ H-c‑p ]-t‑£ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â N‑n-{‑X‑w X-s‑¶ a‑m-d‑n-t‑b-s‑\‑! Z‑m-c‑n-{‑Z‑y-h‑p‑w ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p‑w s‑I‑mS‑n-I‑p-¯‑n-h‑m-g‑p-¶ I‑m-e-L«-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑Ã‑m A-X‑v. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ h‑y-à‑n]-c-a‑m-b C-ã‑w F-¶-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-e]‑m-S‑v. B-Z‑y‑w a‑q-¯-]‑p-{‑X-\‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v a-I-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v c->‑m-a-s‑¯ a-I-\‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-h‑p‑w AlvaZnb‑m a-X‑w D-t‑]-£‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, A-h-c‑p-s‑S X-s‑¶ `‑m-j-b‑nÂ‑, A-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑p‑w ]‑n-¼‑p‑w ]‑n-X‑mh‑n-s‑â s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-ä-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-h‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. 1980Â t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e a‑p-g‑p-h³ a‑p-k‑v--e‑n‑w k‑w-L-S-

ap_m-l-e NS-§v Xp-S-§p-¶-Xn-\p ap-¼p-Å \n-an-j-§Ä (1989 sabv)

\-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]‑m-X‑n-\‑n-[‑yh‑p-a‑m-b‑n A³-P‑p-a³ C-i‑mA-s‑¯ C-k‑v--e‑m‑w c‑q-]‑o-I -c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w AlvaZnb‑m ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-c´-c‑w B-i-b k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-Xt‑¸‑mÄ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ A-X‑v N-e-\-a‑p->‑m-¡‑n. t‑c‑m-K-i-¿-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ J‑m-Z‑n A-Ð‑pÂ A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-s‑b k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑m³ s‑N-¶ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r¯‑v‑, C-i‑m-A-¯‑v {‑]-`‑m-jI-\‑m-b I‑m-¡‑n-c‑n A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p. ‑"\‑n-§Ä ]-d-b‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w A-h³ t‑I-«‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v \‑n§Ä A-h-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑mc‑n-¡-W‑w.‑' A-]‑qÀ-h-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ h-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ a-I³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v A-t‑X-¸-ä‑n t‑h->-{‑X A-d‑n-

ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ C-S-b‑n-s‑Ã-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑m-I‑m‑w A-t‑±-l‑w A-§-s‑\ ]-d-ª-X‑v. H-c‑p h-k‑n-b-¯‑v-t‑]‑m-s‑e R-§Ä A-X‑v a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-¨‑p. \‑m-e‑p-a‑m-k‑w ]‑n-¶‑n-«-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w C‑u t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯‑m-S‑v h‑n-S-]-d-ª‑p. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑v P-¶‑m-¯‑pÂ ^‑nÀ-Z‑uk‑nÂ C-S‑w \Â-I‑n A-\‑p-{‑Kl‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-d‑m-I-s‑«. H-c‑p s‑h-Å‑n-b‑m-g‑v-N P‑p-a‑p-A¡‑v t‑i-j‑w AlvaZnb‑m ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-¼‑nÂ-s‑h-¨‑v R‑m³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ I->‑p. ‑"C-¶‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ D->‑mI‑p-t‑a‑m‑, F-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-I?‑' F-¶‑v A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑p. D-¨-b‑v-¡‑v t‑i-j‑w s‑N¶‑mÂ I‑m-W‑m-s‑a-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p. R-§Ä c->‑p-t‑]c‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ s‑N-¶‑p. c->-c a-W‑n-¡‑q-t‑d‑m-f‑w R-§Ä B-i-b-h‑n-\‑n-a-b‑w \-S-¯‑n. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â B-ß‑mÀ-°-X A-¶‑v R-§Ä-¡‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑m-b‑n. ‑"a‑nÀ-k‑m k‑m-l‑n-_‑v k-X‑y{‑]-h‑m-N-I-\‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-Ã‑ml‑p \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n¸‑n-¡‑m-¯-X‑v s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v \‑n-§Ä h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-¯X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑v \‑n-§-s‑f I‑pä-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑v I‑m-c‑y-a‑n-Ã.‑' F-¶‑n-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑m-Z‑w. a-X‑m-\‑p-j‑vT‑m-\-§-f‑nÂ G-s‑d \‑n-j‑vT ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w t‑\-c‑n-«‑p-Å k‑w-k‑m-c-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w k‑q-N‑n¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->m-b‑n. X-s‑â P-a‑m-A-¯‑v {‑]-t‑h-i-\¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑p‑w ]‑n-¼‑p-a‑p-Å P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±l‑w k-aÀ-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. k‑z-´‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ D->‑m-b a‑m-ä‑w a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, k‑m-¼-¯‑nI-a‑m-b A-`‑n-h‑r-²‑n-¡‑p‑w s‑F-i‑z-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w I‑m-c-W‑w

h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w I-c‑p-X‑n. F-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f-s‑a-¶‑mÂ J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n J-e‑o-^-b‑v-¡‑v k‑z´‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑nÂ _À-¡¯‑v s‑j-bÀ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑{‑X‑! c->‑p {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« I‑mc‑y-§Ä R-§Ä A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â {‑i-²-b‑nÂ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. AlvaZn ]-Þ‑n-X-·‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑u-l‑r-Z NÀ-¨-¡‑v A-hk-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p-¡-W‑w. R-§Ä a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ h‑y-à-X h-c‑p-¯‑m³ A-X‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-W‑v. a‑nÀ-k-b‑p-s‑S {‑K-Ù-§Ä t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e¶-Ã J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w e-`‑y-a-Ã‑m-¯ k‑m-l-N-c‑y-¯‑nÂ A-h k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p X-c-W‑w. DÀ-Z‑p `‑m-j-b‑n-e‑p-Å {‑K-Ù-§Ä a-e-b‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v {‑]-t‑b‑m-P-\-s‑¸-S‑n-Ã F-¶‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-hÀ ]-d-ª \‑y‑m-b‑w. ]-t‑£ A-d-_‑n `‑m-j-b‑n-e‑p-Å J‑pÀ-B³ `‑m-j ]T‑n-¨‑p‑w ] T‑n-¨-hÀ s‑a‑m-g‑n-a‑m-ä‑n-b‑p‑w t‑e‑mI-a‑p-k‑v--e‑n‑w-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-s‑¡ ] T‑n-¡‑p-¶ Ø‑n-X‑n-¡‑v B-[‑p\‑n-I-I‑m-e-s‑¯ {‑]-h‑m-N-I-kt‑µ-i‑w `‑m-j-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑nÂ h‑n-e-¡‑p-¶-X‑v i-c‑n-b-s‑Ã-¶ R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑m-Z‑w A-t‑±-l‑w i-c‑n-h-¨‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w R-§Ä t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w e->\‑nÂ J-e‑o-^-s‑b k-µÀ-i‑n¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ k-½À-±‑w s‑N-e‑p¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. H-S‑p-h‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w I‑q-S‑n ]-W‑w a‑p-S-¡‑n d‑q-l‑m-\‑n J-k‑m-C³ F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ 23 h‑m-f‑y-§Ä e->\‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑v {‑]-k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. F-¶‑mÂ I-¯‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S k-a‑m-

l‑m-c-a‑m-b a-à‑q-_‑m-s‑¯ A-l-½-Z‑n-b‑, h-l‑v b‑p-IÄ t‑{‑I‑m-U‑o-I-c‑n-¨ X-Z‑v-I‑n-d ‑, ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v s‑s‑I-s‑¿-g‑p-¯‑v {‑]-X‑n I-s‑>-¯‑n-b X-A‑v-X‑o-d‑pÂ A-\‑m‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h A-X‑nÂ DÄ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. t‑I-c-f t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v \-S-¶ B-ß-i‑m-] {‑]‑mÀ-°-\ (a‑p-_‑m-l-e‑) b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« NÀ-¨IÄ-¡‑n-s‑S N‑n-e t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä ]-d-ª-X‑n-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v. "A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v P-a‑m-A-¯‑ns‑â i-{‑X‑p-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑k‑m-^‑v-ä‑v t‑I‑mÀ-WÀ D->‑v.' F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑n-\‑v t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-Ã ]-c‑nK-W-\ \Â-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â ]-e \‑n-e-]‑mS‑p-I-f‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑v {‑]-b‑m-k‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-j‑v-]-£a‑m-b \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X. A-X‑v ]-e NÀ-¨-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v I‑m-W‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. B-i-b-]-c-a‑m-b h‑y-X‑y‑m-k‑w \‑y‑m-b-]-£-¯‑v \‑nÂ-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v X-S-Ê-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v P‑w-C-¿-¯‑v A-l‑ve‑pÂ J‑pÀ-B³ hÂl-Z‑o-k‑v {‑]-k‑n-U³-d‑v s‑s‑P\‑pÂ B-_‑n-Z‑o³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v A-Ò-Z‑n-b‑m N‑o-^‑v a‑n-j-\-d‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v D-aÀ F-¨‑v F-b‑p‑w X-½‑nÂ t‑I‑m-b-¼¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e BÀ h‑n t‑l‑m-«Â H‑m-U‑n-t‑ä‑m-d‑n-b-¯‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v H-¼-X‑v Z‑n-h-k-s‑¯ k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. NÀ-¨ X‑p-S-§‑n c->‑m‑w Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-W‑v h‑n-h-c-a-d‑n-ª‑v R-§Ä A-h‑n-s‑S F-¯‑n-b-X‑v. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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c->‑p-I‑q-«-c‑p‑w H-¸‑n-« _‑m-U‑v-P‑v \Â-I‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-c‑p-I£‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e 25 t‑]À-¡‑v h‑oX‑w {‑]-t‑h-i-\‑w \Â-I‑n-b-X‑v. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ X-s‑¶ k‑w-h‑m-Z k-Z-Ê‑nÂ R-§Ä-¡‑v {‑]-t‑hi-\‑w \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¨‑p. F-{‑X t‑I-W‑p ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p‑w A-hÀ I‑q-«‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-Ã. D-¨-t‑b‑m-S-S‑p-¯‑v A-h‑n-s‑S F-¯‑n-b F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-\‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑n\‑p-s‑a‑m-¸‑w R-§Ä-¡‑p‑w {‑]-t‑h-i-\‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v B k‑w-h‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑â K-X‑n \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑m³ R-§Ä-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. \‑m-e‑v Z‑n-h-k‑w I‑q-S‑n I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w \‑nÀ-¯‑n-s‑h-¡‑m³ A-hÀ \‑nÀ-_-Ô‑n-X-c‑m-b‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e A-l½-Z‑n-b‑m a‑n-j³ l‑u-k‑v \‑nÀa‑m-W-¯‑nÂ {‑]-[‑m-\ ]-¦‑p h-l‑n-¨-X‑v F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑I-c-f¯‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p I‑p-S-I‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p‑w-s‑s‑_-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-IÄ Ø‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-a‑m-W‑v. a‑p‑w-s‑s‑_-b‑n-s‑e a-e-b‑mf‑n-b‑m-b C-a‑m‑w ]-c‑n-N-bs‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, X-\‑n-¡‑v i-¼f‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v F‑w F a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑m-s‑W-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-]‑qÀ-Æ-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-{‑Xt‑a t‑\-c‑nÂ I‑m-W‑m-d‑p-Å‑ps‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑£-a‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W‑w \-S-¯‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. a-c‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v \‑m-e‑p-a‑m-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v k-µÀ-i‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w i‑m-c‑o-c‑n-I A-h-i-X-I-s‑f A-h-K-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v A-t‑±l‑w G-s‑d k-a-b‑w k‑w-k‑mc‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n.

HmÀ-½-s¨-¸p-I-fnÂH-fn-a-§m-sX H-cp-h-en-b a-\p-jy³

t‑d‑m

-U‑p-I-f‑p‑w ]‑m-e-§f‑p‑w‑, C-¶‑v A-\‑p`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ b‑m-{‑X‑m-k‑u-I-c‑y§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ I‑m-e‑w. k‑u-¯‑v- s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e ‑"\‑y‑qk‑u-¯‑v-l-bÀ F-e‑n-s‑aâ-d‑n-k‑v¡‑q-f‑n-‑'Â ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n `‑m-K-¯‑p \‑n-¶‑p-Å R-§Ä k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑mW‑v. h-g‑n-a-t‑[‑y a-½‑m-e‑n a‑m-ÌÀ -X‑n-c-¡‑n-«‑v- h-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p:- "\-½‑p-s‑S k‑v-¡‑qÄs‑I-«‑n-S‑w-h‑o-W‑v- X-IÀ-¶‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-Ã‑, F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w-X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v s‑]‑m-b‑v-t‑¡‑m-f‑q.' -R-§Ä a‑pt‑¶‑m-«‑v-X-s‑¶ \-S-¶‑p. k‑v-¡‑qÄs‑I-«‑n-S-a‑m-s‑I- h‑o-W‑v- X-IÀ¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. N‑p-ä‑p‑w- h-e‑n-b P-\-¡‑q-«‑w. A-[‑y‑m-]-I-c‑m-b -S‑n.-s‑I. t‑X‑m-a-k‑v-a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w ^‑n-e‑n¸‑v-a‑m-Ì-d‑p‑w- Ø-e-s‑¯-¯‑n. A-[‑y‑m-]-I-c‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-a-\‑pk-c‑n-¨‑v R-§Ä h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v- a-S§‑n. k‑u-¯‑v-s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑ns‑e X-d-½Â C-¼‑n-¨‑n- t‑a‑m-b‑n a-I³ I‑p-t‑ª‑m-b‑n- a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑mÀ 1940Â a‑p³-s‑s‑I-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑v Ø‑m]‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v C‑u h‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b‑w. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑â-k‑p-K-a-a‑m-b-\-S-¯‑n¸‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n-s‑N-d‑p-h‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e ]‑u-c-{‑]-a‑p-J-\‑m-b-s‑I‑m-f-¡‑m-S³ A-_‑q-_-¡-d‑n-s‑\ G-e‑v-]‑n-¨-X‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑v-¡‑qÄ h‑o-g‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-_‑q-_-¡-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- a‑m-t‑\PÀ. 1957Â H-c‑p- h-k‑v-X‑p-XÀ-¡‑w-

k‑w-_-Ô-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¶ G-ä‑p-a‑p-«-e‑nÂk‑u-¯‑v- s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e k‑n.-S‑n. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b‑n a-c-W-s‑¸-« {‑I‑n-a‑n-\Â t‑I-Ê‑nÂ- A-I-s‑¸-«‑v {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑nb‑n-e‑m-b -A-_‑q-_-¡-d‑n-\‑v a‑m-t‑\-PÀ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ-k‑v-¡‑qÄ ]‑p-\-c‑p-²‑mc-W-¯‑n-\‑v {‑i-a‑n-¡‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¨‑n-Ã. {‑]-t‑Z-i-s‑¯ {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑mk‑w ]‑p-\-c‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p t‑h>‑n {‑]-t‑Z-i-h‑m-k‑n-IÄ H-¯‑p-I‑q-S‑n. F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v- k‑u¯‑v- s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e s‑]‑m-b‑ne‑nÂ- h‑o-S‑p->‑m-¡‑n- X‑m-a-k‑w- X‑p-S§‑n-b-I‑m-e‑w. I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯-I-c‑p‑w A-\‑p-`‑m-h‑n-I-f‑pa‑m-b- F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, ]-Å‑n-s‑¯‑mS‑n-I a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, ]‑n.-]‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑n‑, I-®-t‑©-c‑n- A-Ð‑p-Ã- a‑m-ÌÀ‑, k‑n. B-e‑n‑, X-d-½Â A-_‑p- X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hc‑p-s‑S {‑i-a-^-e-a‑m-b‑n-‑ "-k‑u-¯‑v-s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑qÀ F.-b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-'-\‑vA‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c‑w- e-`‑n-¨‑p. C.-F‑w.-F-k‑v. kÀ-¡‑m-d‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-I‑q-e \‑n-e-]‑mS‑v-C-X‑n-\‑v G-s‑d-k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b‑n. a-{‑Z-k‑m-s‑I-«‑n-S-¯‑n-e‑m-c‑w-`‑n-¨ k‑v-¡‑qf‑n-s‑â-a‑m-t‑\-PÀ ]‑n.-]‑n. D-Ê³-I‑p-«‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p-a‑m-k-s‑¯ C-S-t‑h-fb‑v-¡‑p-t‑i-j‑w- h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n. S‑n.-s‑I. t‑X‑m-a-k‑v-a‑m-Ìd‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑l-U‑v-a‑m-ÌÀ. N‑n-«-b‑m-b C‑u {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w- h‑nN‑m-c-t‑I-{‑µ-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p³-]-´‑n-b‑nÂF‑w.-F.-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-g‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑me‑w. k‑u-¯‑v- s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e ]-Å‑n-¡‑p-f-¯‑nÂ -N‑m-S‑n-¡‑p-f‑n-¡‑p-I-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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kn.-sI. Ip-tªm-bnam-ÌÀ, sN-dp-hm-Sn. dn-«. A-[ym-]I³

b‑m-W‑v R-§Ä. \‑o-´Â h-i-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ H-c‑p-h³ I‑p-f-¯‑n-e‑n-d-§‑n A-]-I-S-¯‑nÂs‑¸-«‑p. _-l-f‑w-t‑I-«‑v- k-a‑o-]-h‑m-k‑n-b‑m-bF‑w.-F. A-h‑n-s‑S- I‑p-X‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n. c-£‑m{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w \-S-¯‑n- I-c-b‑v-¡‑p-I-b-ä‑n. ]-c‑n-{‑`‑m-´-c‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶ R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑m-b‑nF‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S D-]-t‑Z-i‑w: "\‑n-§-f‑nÂ \‑o-´Â- A-d‑n-b‑m-¯-h-c‑pt‑>‑m? \‑o-´Â h-i-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯-hÀ -H-c‑n¡-e‑p‑w -I‑p-f-¯‑n-e‑n-d-§-c‑p-X‑v. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w s‑]‑m-b‑v-t‑¡‑m-f‑q.' k-µÀ-t‑`‑m-N‑n-X‑w-Ø-e-s‑¯-¯‑n c-£‑m-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑, s‑h-f‑p-¯‑v \‑o->‑, k‑p-a‑p-J-\‑p‑w k‑u-a‑y-\‑p-a‑m-b C‑u a-\‑p-j‑y-\‑m-c‑m-s‑W-¶‑v- R-§Ä-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p-‑wA-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1966-e‑m-W‑v R‑m³ -k‑u-¯‑v- s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑qÀ -F.-b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I\‑m-b‑n-t‑N-c‑p-¶-X‑v. c-£-IÀ-¯‑m-h‑v F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑n-e‑p‑w- a-ä‑p‑w -F‑w.-F. ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w- k‑v¡‑q-f‑nÂ-h-c‑p‑w. B I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v- F‑w.F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v- I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-d‑n-b‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-[‑n-¨-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e- N‑m-t‑e-c‑n-¡>‑n-b‑nÂ- F.-F‑w. A-_‑q-_-¡À‑, I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑vB-ß‑o-b-X-t‑X-S‑n A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m\-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-t‑¨À-¶ A-c‑n-©‑o-c‑nt‑N-¡‑p-«‑n-F-¶‑n-h-c‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑v-F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-a-Z‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑v- k-X‑y-Z‑q-X³ {‑]-N-c-W‑mÀ-°‑w- H-c‑n-¡Â k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e¯‑n. A-©‑p-c‑q-]-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p -h-c‑n-k‑w-J‑y. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S -a‑p-J-¯‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ H‑mÀ-½-IÄ ]-e-X‑p‑w-X‑n-I-«‑n-h-¶‑p. B h‑yà‑n-{‑]-`‑m-h-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p-¶‑nÂ h‑n-k-½-X‑w ]-d-b‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-Ã. d-k‑o-ä‑nÂ t‑]-c‑p‑w -h‑n-e‑m-k-h‑p‑w- I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n- F-g‑p-X‑n-b-X‑p‑wF‑w.-F. X-s‑¶. I‑p-e‑o-\-X-b‑p‑w -H‑u-Z‑m-c‑y-h‑p‑w -Z‑oÀ-L-Z‑rã‑n-b‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-¶ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶ B-h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â- k‑v-a-c-WIÄ P-\-l‑r-Z-b-§-f‑p-s‑S H‑mÀ-½-s‑¨¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ -H-f‑n-a-§‑m-s‑X- G-s‑d-I‑m-e‑w \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-I-X-s‑¶ s‑N-¿‑p‑w. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n-¡-s‑«. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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HmÀ-½-bn-se-¶pw Fw.-F.

F‑w.

-F.a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-¶ \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S F‑w.-F. \-s‑½ h‑n-«‑v-]‑n-c‑n-ª‑n-«‑v c->‑p hÀ-j-a‑m-b‑n«‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑p-s‑>-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶-X‑v \‑m-S‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v F‑w.-F. I‑m-W‑n-¨ k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w AÀ¸-W-t‑_‑m-[-h‑p‑w s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-\-b-h‑p‑w P‑o-hI‑m-c‑p-W‑y-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡‑p-Å k-l‑m-b-§-f‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w \‑m-«‑pI‑mÀ-¡‑v a-d-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. 1960 I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑nÂ R‑m³ FÂ.-]‑n.k‑v-¡‑qÄ h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w-I-Sh‑nÂ P‑o-¸‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n- I‑mÂ-\-S-b‑mb‑n k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, t‑d‑mU-c‑n-I‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m-f‑m-b‑n-s‑¸‑m-b‑n-e‑ns‑e a‑q-¶‑v I-S-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶ I‑m-c-W-h-·‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w ]‑p-©‑nc‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-t‑\‑zj‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑p \-S-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-{‑]-b‑m-k-a‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v k-l‑m-b-§Ä \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N¿‑p‑w. a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ I-b-d‑n a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w a-ä‑pÅ-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-I‑m-c‑y-§Ä

k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑i-j‑w t‑I‑m-«½Â A-§‑m-S‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-S-¡‑p‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑n-b‑mÂ F-Ã‑m-ht‑c‑m-S‑p‑w _-Ô-s‑¸-« t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I. k-Ô‑y I-g‑n-ª‑mÂ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑v A-t‑X t‑]‑ms‑e s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w-I-S-h‑nÂ \‑nÀ-¯‑nb‑n-« P‑o-¸‑n-¶-c‑n-I‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-s‑â e‑m-`-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v H-c‑p-h‑n-l‑n-X‑w \‑m-S‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑£-a-¯‑n-\‑mb‑n \‑o-¡‑n-s‑h-¨ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-§Ä \‑m-S‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c\‑p-{‑K-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1980 H‑m-s‑S a-c-h‑y‑m-]‑m-c‑w \‑nÀÖ‑o-h-a‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑ns‑e I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹ F-¶ s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n Ø‑m]‑n-¨‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ I‑q-S‑p-XÂ k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑n. k‑m-¼¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w h-f-s‑c D-¶X‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c F‑w.-F. H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w s‑s‑I-s‑h-S‑nª‑n-Ã. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v F-¶‑p‑w F‑w.-F. B-Z-c-W‑o-b-\‑m-W‑v. D-¶-X‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-«‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-\-b-a‑m-W‑v a-ä‑pFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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P-ºmÀ sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ tI-c-f-Iu-apZn te-JI³

hyhkm-b ta-Je¡pw \m-Sn\pw Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_v sNbv-X tk-h\-s¯ B-Zcn¨p-sIm-ïv tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn Zn-\-]-{Xw 2009 Pq-sse 21\v C-d¡n-b kv-s]-jyÂ k-¹n-saân-sâ H¶mw t]Pv.

Å-h-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-\‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑I-c-f-I‑u-a‑p-Z‑n-¡‑p t‑h->‑n H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-s‑e D-¶-X-Ø‑m-\¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ F‑w.-F.s‑b k-a‑o-]‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-F. I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-\-b-h‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑v t‑I-c-f I‑u-a‑pZ‑n 2008Â A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ P-·-\‑m«‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v B-Z-c‑n-¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑pa‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ s‑N-¶‑v k-½-X‑w h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w a-W‑n-¡‑qd‑p-I-t‑f‑m-f‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w NÀ-¨ \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v N-S-§‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑p³ h‑y-hk‑m-b h-I‑p-¸‑v a-{‑´‑n F-f-a-c‑w I-c‑o-a‑n-s‑\ £-W‑n-¡‑m³ s‑N-¶ t‑I-c-f I‑u-a‑p-Z‑n Ì‑m-^‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v, A-X‑v t‑I-c-f I‑u-a‑p-Z‑n s‑N-b‑v-X G-ä-h‑p‑w \-Ã I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 122

a-{‑´‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v. A-¶‑v a‑p³ F‑w.-FÂ.-F. t‑P‑mÀ-Ö‑v F‑w. t‑X‑m-a-k‑p‑w P‑n-Ã‑m s‑s‑h-k‑v {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v h‑n. I‑p-ª‑m-e‑n-b‑p‑w C‑u N-S-§‑v \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ k‑w-L-S‑n-¸‑n-t‑¡->X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. A-X‑v t‑I-c-f I‑u-a‑p-Z‑n G-s‑äS‑p-¯-X‑n-\‑v A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v \-µ‑n ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. F‑w.-F. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b G-s‑X‑m-c‑p I‑p-«‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w F-h‑n-s‑S s‑h-¨‑p I->‑m-e‑p‑w h‑n-\-b-t‑¯‑ms‑S I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑m-d‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑m-b I-®‑qÀ k‑z-t‑Z-i‑n F‑w. A-Ð-d-l‑v-a‑m-s‑\ ]-e-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p‑w _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑pI-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-s‑¶ A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 123

ZpxJw ISn-¨-aÀ¯n aäp-Å-hÀ¡v Bizmkw ]IÀ¶-Xn\v tij-apÅ bm{X-I-fnÂ Imdnsâ I®m-Sn-bnÂ ]n¶n-en-cn-¡p¶ a\p-jysâ, s]¿m-s\m-cp§n \nev¡p¶, I®p\oÀXp-Ån-Isf Rm³ I@n-«p@v."

]-©m-_n-e-h-km-\n-¨ bm-{X

{‑]‑o ss{U-hÀ N-{µ³

-U‑n-{‑K‑n-¡‑p ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. \‑m-kÀ F-¶ k-l-]‑m-T‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ t‑]À B-Z‑y‑w t‑IÄ-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. F‑w.-F.-b‑ps‑S a-c‑p-a-I³ a‑p-¡-¯‑v k‑z-]‑v-\ s‑a-U‑n-¡Â-k‑v \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑p-ª‑m-¡(F.-F‑w.I‑p-«‑n-l-k³‑) b‑p-s‑S P‑o-¸‑n-s‑e s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-b‑m-W‑v B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e hÀ-j-§-f‑ps‑S h‑m-l-\-k‑m-c-Y‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å I‑mÂ-s‑h-¸‑v. B-Z‑y‑w a‑q-¯-a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂA-k‑o-k‑n-s‑â s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-b I‑m-e-¯‑v a-½‑n(F‑w.-F. d‑p-J‑n-¿‑) B-k‑v-]-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ k-ab-¯‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.s‑b B-Z‑y-a‑mb‑n t‑\-c‑nÂ I>-s‑X-¶‑v H‑mÀ-½ s‑X-ä‑m-s‑X N-{‑µ³ ]-d-ª‑p. k‑pµ-c-\‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y³‑, I-®‑pI-f‑n-s‑e X‑n-f-¡‑w‑, k‑u-a‑y-`‑m-jb‑n-e‑p-Å k‑w-`‑m-j-W‑w. C-¶-s‑e I->-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e N-{‑µ-s‑â a-\Ê‑n-e‑n-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-a‑p->‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v N-{‑µ³ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑mb‑n I‑q-s‑S H‑m-S‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. B H‑m-«‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-´‑yb‑m-{‑X ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑e B-d-S‑n a-®‑ns‑e‑m-X‑p-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, H-c‑p-]‑n-S‑n a-®‑v h‑n-d-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ s‑s‑I-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S h‑m-c‑nb‑n-S‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑p-s‑S H‑mÀ-½-If‑p‑w F-®‑n-b‑mÂ X‑o-c‑n-Ã N-{‑µ-\‑v. b‑m-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑n-S-b‑n-s‑e `-£-W‑w H-c‑p t‑a-i-b‑v-¡‑p N‑p-ä‑p-a‑n-c‑p-¶‑v. h-IFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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t‑`-Z-§-f‑n-Ã‑m-¯ h‑n-`-h-§Ä. N-S-§‑p-I-f‑nÂ X‑m³ I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ I-g‑n-t‑¨‑m F-¶‑p-d-¸‑v h-c‑p-¯Â. H-c‑n-¡Â a-IÄ B-_‑n X-a‑m-i-b‑m-b‑n ]-c‑n`-h-s‑¸-«‑p: -"a-¡Ä I-g‑n-t‑¨‑m-¶-Ã‑, N-{‑µ³ I-g‑n-t‑¨‑m-¶‑m t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w.' I-®‑o-t‑c‑mÀ-½-b‑m-W‑v N-{‑µ-\‑v A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡. F‑w.-F. h‑o-«‑p-a‑p-ä-¯‑v \-«‑p-hfÀ-¯‑n-b aÂ-t‑K‑m-h-b‑nÂ B-Z‑ya‑m-b‑n ]-{‑´->‑v a‑m-¼-g-a‑p>‑m-b‑n. ]-{‑´->‑v t‑]-c‑p-s‑S e‑o-Ì‑p->‑m-¡‑n A-X‑v N-{‑µ-s‑â s‑s‑I-h-i‑w s‑I‑mS‑p-¯-b-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]-{‑´->‑p‑w I-g‑n-¨ k‑w-X‑r-]‑v-X‑n B a‑p-J-¯‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑{‑X. C-S-X‑p-s‑s‑I A-d‑n-b‑m-¯ h-e-X‑p-s‑s‑I-b‑p-s‑S Z‑m-\-i‑o-e‑w G-s‑d I->‑n-«‑p->‑v N-{‑µ³. X-s‑â a-I-f‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W-a‑p-d¸‑n-¡‑m³ \‑nÀ-º-Ô‑n-¨‑v I‑mÀ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑m³ ]-d-ª-X‑v, D-d-¸‑n-¨‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p h-¶-t‑¸‑m-t‑g¡‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑p-Å k‑w-J‑y I-¼\‑n-b‑nÂ ]‑m-k‑m-¡‑n s‑h-¨-X‑v, H-c‑p I‑m-c-W-h-s‑c-t‑¸‑m-s‑e F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨-d‑n-ªX‑v‑, I-e‑y‑m-W-Z‑n-h-k‑w c‑m-h‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-s‑¯t‑¸‑m-s‑e s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w h-s‑c h‑o-«‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v, i-¼-f-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a B-c‑p-a-d‑n-b‑m-s‑X I‑o-ib‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑p-X-¶ B-b‑n-c-¯‑ns‑â t‑]‑m-¡-ä‑p-a-W‑n‑, A-\‑m-h-i‑y-

a‑m-b‑n s‑I-«‑n-b‑n-S‑m-s‑X s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m³ A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑v.... A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä ]-d-ª‑mÂ F-g‑pX‑n-¯‑oÀ-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. H-c‑m-t‑f‑m-S‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸S‑m-¯ F‑w.-F.s‑b A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑nÂ N-{‑µ-t‑\-s‑d I->‑n-«‑p->‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â a-e-¸‑p-d‑w P‑n-Ã-b‑n-s‑e H-c‑p {‑K‑m-a-¯‑nÂ ]‑p-X‑p-X‑m-b‑n A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-¶ H-c‑p k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-X-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ h-e‑n-s‑b‑mc‑mÄ-¡‑q-«‑w X-S-ª‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n‑, t‑a‑mi-a‑m-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ _-l-f‑w s‑h-¨‑p. F‑w.-F. A-\‑p-\-b-¯‑nÂ A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑p. I‑q-s‑S-b‑pÅ-hÀ t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑nÂ ]-c‑m-X‑n-s‑¸-S‑m³ ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª‑p: "A-X-h-c‑p-s‑S A-d‑n-h‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a s‑I‑m>‑m-W‑v, \-½-f-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v £-a‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑mW‑v t‑h->-X‑v.' t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-t‑S-> A-h-k-c-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S s‑X-ä‑n-s‑\ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑n-¡‑m³ X-a‑m-i-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S a‑m-{‑X‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-a‑n-X-t‑h-K-X-b‑nÂ H-c‑n-¡Â I‑m-t‑d‑m-S‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª‑p: "-\-½‑p-s‑S I‑m-d‑n-s‑â B-I‑v-k‑n-e-t‑d-ä-d‑n-\‑v F-t‑´‑m I‑p-g-¸-a‑p->‑v, \‑m-s‑f-¯-s‑¶ hÀ-¡‑v-t‑j‑m-¸‑nÂ I‑m-W‑n-¡-W‑w.' k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ F-s‑â k‑v-]‑o-U‑n-s‑\-b‑mW‑v N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-t‑¡->‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. a-s‑ä‑m-c‑n-¡Â ^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹-b‑nÂ G-g‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v h-c‑p-¶ a‑q-¶‑v {‑]-Ê‑p-IÄ k‑q-]À-s‑s‑h-k-d‑p-s‑S A-{‑i-²-b‑nÂ X-I-c‑m-d‑n-e‑m-b‑n. h-e‑n-b k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-\-ã-a‑p->‑m-¡‑p-¶ k‑w-`h‑w. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e h‑n-h-c-a-d‑n-s‑ª-¯‑n-b F‑w.-F. k‑q-]À-s‑s‑h-k-t‑d‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨X‑v "-\-a‑p-¡‑n-¶‑v I-¯‑n-¡‑m³ H-c‑p t‑e‑mU‑v U‑m-t‑a-P‑m-b s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I‑n-«‑p-t‑a‑m?' F-¶‑m-W‑v. (I-¯‑n-¡‑m-\-Ã‑m-s‑X a-s‑ä‑m¶‑n-\‑p‑w A-X‑v ]-ä‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.‑) "-X-s‑â {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-h-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ¯-\-t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä ]-d-ª‑v e-L‑q-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I

I-g‑n-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-¡‑v. s‑N-d‑n-b {‑]-i‑v\-§Ä t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.s‑b t‑h-Z-\‑n-¸‑n¡‑p‑w. F-¶‑mÂ A-X‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑md‑n-Ã. A-I‑m-e-¯‑nÂ a-c‑n-¨ a‑q-¯-a-I³‑, a-I-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑v, B-Z‑y-`‑m-c‑y C-h-c‑p-s‑Ss‑b‑m-s‑¡ a-c-W-k-a-b-§-f‑nÂ Z‑p‑x-J‑w I-S‑n¨-aÀ-¯‑n a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v B-i‑z‑m-k‑w ]-IÀ¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X-I-f‑nÂ I‑m-d‑n-s‑â I-®‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â‑, s‑]-¿‑m-s‑\‑m-c‑p-§‑n \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑, I-®‑p-\‑oÀX‑p-Å‑n-I-s‑f R‑m³ I->‑n-«‑p->‑v.' N-{‑µ³ X‑p-S-c‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. "-a-g-s‑b G-s‑d k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a-g-¡‑m-e-b‑m-{‑X-I-f‑nÂ a-g-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n¨‑v t‑X‑m-c‑m-s‑X ]-d-b‑p‑w. P-·-\‑m-S‑m-b s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å B-ß-_-Ô‑w B-g-t‑ad‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-s‑c-´‑n-\‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-¯ H-g‑n-h‑p->‑m-¡‑n \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑p‑w. h‑nf‑n-¨‑mÂ h‑n-f‑n t‑IÄ-¡‑m-¯ t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯-¡‑v b‑m-{‑X-b‑m-b F-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ Z‑m-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑nÂ I-®‑oÀ-]‑q-¡-fÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p.' N-{‑µ³ ]-d-ª‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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"\n§Ä shSn-sh-¨Xv tImap-hn-s\B-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw sIm@Xv Fsâ s\©n-em-Wv.'

sImSp-¯mÂ Xocm¯ kvt\lw X¶ Fw.-F.

H‑m Imcm«v tImap Fw.F.bp-sS Im-cyØ³

À-½-b‑p-s‑S C-¶-s‑eI-f‑nÂ B a‑q-¶‑v s‑h-S‑n-s‑b‑m-¨-IÄ t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-s‑â I‑m-X‑n-e‑n-¶‑p‑w A-e-b-S‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑m-W‑v. ]-X‑n-ä‑m->‑p-IÄ-¡-¸‑pd‑w t‑a-¸‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e F-t‑Ì-ä‑v t‑d‑m-U‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v D-X‑nÀ-¶ s‑h-S‑n-b‑p->-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v X-e\‑m-c‑n-g-b‑v-¡‑v c-£-s‑¸-«-X‑v DÄ¡‑n-S‑n-e-t‑¯‑m-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-t‑a t‑I‑ma‑p-h‑n-\‑n-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑q. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑ms‑S‑m-¸-a‑m-W‑v F-t‑Ì-ä‑v t‑P‑m-e‑n¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑n t‑I‑m-a‑p h-b-\‑m-«‑ns‑e-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. G-g‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑v h-s‑c a‑m-{‑X‑w ]T‑n-¨-h³. C‑w-¥‑o-j‑n-e‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n F-g‑p-X‑nb-X‑v B F-t‑Ì-ä‑n-s‑â t‑]c‑m-W‑v, "-X‑q-¯‑w-]‑m-d-‑'. ]‑n-s‑¶ a-c-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑m-s‑Ê-g‑p-X‑n ] T‑n-¨‑p. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑m-s‑Êg‑p-X‑n I-c‑p-¸‑n-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ t‑I‑m-a‑p F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w F-¯‑p¶-X‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑n-b³ A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑m-e-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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¡‑m-S‑v s‑\·‑m-d‑, s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑n t‑a-¸‑m-S‑n‑, K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ‑, X‑n-c‑p-s‑\-Ã‑n F-¶‑n§-s‑\ h‑n-h‑n-[ t‑Z-i-§Ä‑, \‑n-ch-[‑n hÀ-j-§Ä F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w t‑I‑m-a‑p t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n-b‑m-b‑p‑w a‑m-t‑\-P-d‑m-b‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. F‑w.-F. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â H-c-\‑p-`-h-]‑m-T-a‑m-W‑v t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n\‑v. B-c‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-«‑p t‑]‑mI‑p-¶ k‑w-`-h-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑v {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-s‑X X-a‑m-i-b‑m-b‑p‑w k-¦-S-a‑m-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w h‑n-jb-]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑w \-S-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑X-ä‑p s‑N-b‑v-X-h-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ I‑p-ä-t‑_‑m-[-¯‑n-s‑â I-®‑o-c‑p-d-h s‑]‑m-«‑p‑w. t‑a-¸‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e t‑d‑m-U‑v \‑nÀ½‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑n-s‑S s‑h-S‑n-s‑h¸‑v \-S-¯‑n-b h‑y-à‑n s‑X-ä‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑v F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v £-a‑m-]-W‑w \-S-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v, "-\‑n-§Ä s‑h-S‑n-s‑h-¨-X‑v t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-s‑\B-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m->-X‑v

X-s‑¶ k‑v-t‑\l‑n-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e X-\‑n-¡‑m k‑v-t‑\l‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-t‑ª‑m F-¶‑ Imcy-¯nÂ am-{Xta t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-\‑v k‑w-i-ba‑p-Å‑p.

F-s‑â s‑\-©‑n-e‑m-W‑v.' X-s‑â a-\-Ê‑m-£‑n-t‑¡‑m-S-X‑n-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w F-t‑¶ A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v s‑]‑m-d‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B \‑m-S‑v A-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-h-t‑{‑X‑, "-C‑u a-\‑p-j‑y³ R-§-s‑f A-Z‑v-`‑p-Xs‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑p-' F-¶‑v. A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â k-l‑m-b-§-f‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w B \‑m-S-t‑¶-s‑d A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑p. t‑X-b‑n-e-t‑¯‑m-«-§-f‑nÂ C-e \‑p-Å‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑mÂ \‑q-d‑p c‑q-] X‑n-I-¨‑p I‑n-«‑m-¯ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ A-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v k‑z-c‑q-]‑n-¨‑p->‑m-¡‑n-b ]-Å‑n-¡‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b F-Ã‑m C-e-I‑v-{‑S‑n-¡Â k‑m-[-\-§-f‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w s‑I‑m->‑v t‑h-d‑n-« ]‑m-X-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.-b‑mW‑v \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑v. K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ t‑X‑m-«‑w h‑m§‑m³ t‑]‑m-b k-a-b-¯‑v D-S-a \-¼‑q-X‑n-c‑n F‑w.-F.-s‑b-b‑p‑w t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w A-I-t‑¯-¡‑v I-b-ä‑m-s‑X A-b‑n-¯-Z‑q-c-¯‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v, c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ s‑X‑m-

«-S‑p-¯ H-g‑n-ª ]‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ I‑nS-¶‑p-d-§‑n-b-X‑v, h-c‑p-¶ h-g‑n-¡‑v h‑m-§‑n-¨ I-¸ ]‑p-g‑p-§‑n a‑p-f-I‑p‑w s‑h-f‑n-s‑¨-®-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n h‑n-i-¸-S¡‑n-b-X‑v.... H‑mÀ-½-I-t‑f-s‑d-b‑p->‑v t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-\‑v. a‑q-¶‑v a-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I-e‑y‑mW-¯‑n-\‑v H-c‑p I‑m-c-W-h-s‑c-t‑¸‑ms‑e c‑m-h‑n-s‑e a‑p-XÂ s‑s‑h-I‑n-«‑v h-s‑c h‑o-«‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v \‑nÀ-t‑±-i§Ä \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑v, a-W‑n-b-d H-c‑p-t‑¡-> \‑n-Ê‑m-c-I‑m-c‑y§Ä h-s‑c ]-d-ª‑p X-¶-X‑v.... ]-d-ª‑m-e‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑m-e‑p‑w X‑o-c‑m-¯ H‑mÀ-½-IÄ ]-¦‑p s‑h-¨ t‑I‑m-a‑p-h‑n-\‑v H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y¯‑n-t‑e k‑w-i-b-a‑p-Å‑p‑, X-s‑¶ k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e X-\‑n-¡‑m k‑v-t‑\-l‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-t‑ª‑m F-¶‑v. N‑n-e k‑v-t‑\-l-§-f-§-s‑\b‑m-W‑v. F-{‑X X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p¯‑m-e‑p‑w I-S‑w X‑o-c‑n-Ã. X-¶-hÀ h‑m-c‑n-t‑¡‑m-c‑n X-c‑p-¶-X‑v s‑I‑m>‑m-W-X‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Hcn-¡Â Hcp tai-bp-@m¡m³ C¯ncn acw In«n-bmÂ Xc-t¡-Sn-sÃ¶v k´-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bmb I¸-em«v tImbm-ap«n kmln_v apJm-´ncw Fw.-F.sb Adn-bn-¨p. Gähpw \Ã acw Bh-iy-¯n\v \evIm-\m-bn-cp¶p ]d-ª-Xv. ho«n-¯-Sn-bn-ep-@m-¡nb B tai-¸p-d¯v ssIIp¯n Ab-½p-«ym¡ HmÀ½-bpsS ]gb Ime-¯n-te¡v \S-¶p.

B-Zy-s¯ ss{U-h-dpw ss{U-hÀ-am-jpw

F‑w. ss{U-hÀ A-lv-a-Zv-Ip-«n

-F.-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y-s‑¯ s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-b-a‑p«‑y‑m-¡ (A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n‑) X-s‑¶b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ s‑s‑{‑U-h‑n‑w-K‑v ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑p‑w. 1962Â h‑m-§‑n-b h‑n-Ã‑o-k‑v P‑o¸‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y-h‑ml-\‑w. A-b-a‑p-«‑y‑m-¡-s‑b F‑w.F.¡‑v ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-h-Å‑n-b‑n-s‑e a-c-¡‑mÀ F-¶ a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c-\‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v j-l‑n³-j‑m t‑l‑m-«-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S t‑I-{‑µ‑w. ]-e-c‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑\c-s‑¯ s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶‑n«‑p-s‑>-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-P-K-P‑m-´-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å A-\‑p`-h-§Ä. ]-e-c‑p‑w `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ c->‑p-c‑q-] X-¶‑v ]‑p-d-¯‑p-t‑]‑mb‑n `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¨‑p h-c‑m³ ]-d-b‑p‑w. h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ c‑m-{‑X‑n ]‑p-d-¯‑p-Å N‑m-b‑v-]‑nÂ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]‑m-b h‑n-c‑n-¨‑p X-c‑p‑w. t‑l‑m-«-e‑n-e‑m-h-s‑« h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-h-s‑« F‑w.-F. I‑q-s‑S-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-t‑b `-£W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑q. a-¡-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑n-c‑p¶‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v R‑m-s‑\-{‑X-t‑b‑m `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¨‑n«‑p->‑v. b‑m-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ {‑U-Ê‑v h‑m-§‑m³ I-b-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w A-t‑X \‑n-e-h‑m-c-a‑p-Å-X‑v h‑m-§‑n-¯c‑p‑w. I-®‑q-c‑nÂ h‑p-U‑v-e‑m³-U‑v t‑l‑m«-e‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v C-¼‑o-c‑n-bÂ t‑l‑m-«-e‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v X‑m-a-k‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑m³ A-¶‑v s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w-I-Sh‑nÂ ]‑m-e-a‑n-Ã. s‑h-Å‑w I‑p-d-ª k-a-b-¯‑v ]‑p-g-b‑nÂ C-d-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mh‑p‑w. A-Ã‑m-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ A-½‑m-h³ s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑pä-¯‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n R-§Ä c->‑m-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n I-S-h‑p I-S-¶‑v \-S-¶‑v-t‑]‑m-h‑p‑w. ]-¶‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v h-g‑n N‑p-ä‑n-¯‑n-c‑n-ª‑p‑w N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§Ä P‑o-¸‑nÂ s‑I‑mS‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯‑m-d‑p->‑v. \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¡-s‑¸-« i-¼-f-a-Ã‑, B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v X-c‑m-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-X‑n-h‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â

H-c‑p t‑a-i-b‑p->‑m-¡‑m³ C-¯‑n-c‑n a-c‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑mÂ X-c-t‑¡-S‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v k-´-X-k-l-N‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b I-¸-e‑m-«‑v t‑I‑m-b‑m-a‑p-«‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑v a‑p-J‑m-´‑nc‑w F‑w.-F.s‑b A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. G-ä-h‑p‑w \-Ã a-c‑w B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑v \-e‑v-I‑m-\‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-d-ª-X‑v. h‑o-«‑n-¯-S‑n-b‑n-e‑p>‑m-¡‑n-b B t‑a-i-¸‑p-d-¯‑v s‑s‑II‑p-¯‑n A-b-½‑p-«‑y‑m-¡ H‑mÀ-½-b‑p-s‑S ]-g-b I‑m-e-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-S-¶‑p. s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑m-b‑n A-§-s‑\ G-I-t‑Zi‑w H-c‑p-s‑I‑m-Ã‑w I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. s‑s‑{‑U-h‑n‑w-K‑v ]T‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å B-{‑K-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v. F-s‑¶ s‑s‑{‑U-h‑n‑w-K‑v ]T‑n-¸‑n-¨ K‑p-c‑p-¡-·‑mc‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å A-S‑n-b‑p‑w N‑o-¯-]d-¨‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ H‑mÀ-½ ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑v R‑m³ F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v a-ä‑m-c‑p-s‑S-s‑b¦‑n-e‑p‑w i‑n-j‑y-X‑z‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. \‑n-s‑â N‑o-¯-b‑p‑w A-S‑nb‑p‑w s‑I‑m-Å‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-s‑W-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑v ]T-\‑w X‑p-S-§‑n. ]-t‑£‑, H-¶‑p‑w t‑h>‑n h-¶‑n-Ã s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v ]T‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑p. I‑q-s‑S \‑n-¶ I‑m-e-s‑¯‑m-c‑n¡-e‑p‑w I-d‑p-¯ a‑p-J‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v

I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. H-c‑p k-t‑l‑m-Z-cs‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p. R‑m³ t‑P‑m-e‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]‑n-c‑n-ª‑v-t‑]‑m¶‑p H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v hÀ-j-§Ä¡‑n-¸‑p-d‑w 2000Â a-I-f‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v h-¶‑p. k‑m-Z‑m A-X‑n-Y‑n-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e h-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X-Ã. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e a‑p-XÂ s‑s‑h-I‑n-«‑v h-s‑c H-c‑p t‑P‑y-j‑vT-kt‑l‑m-Z-c-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e I-e‑y‑m-W‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. a-d-¡‑m-s‑¯ P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-\‑p-`-h§-f‑m-b‑n‑, \·-b‑p-s‑S {‑]-I‑m-i-a‑mb‑n F‑w.-F. A-b-½‑p-«‑y‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑n-e‑n-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w Z‑o-]‑v-X-k‑v-a-c-WI-f‑m-W‑v. Cu teJ\w Xbmdm¡n GXm \pw \mfpIÄ Ignªt¸mÄ, Xsâ {]nbs¸« Fw.F.Imcs\ Ipdn¨pÅ Xsâ HmÀ½IÄ¡v A¨Snajn ]pcïXv ImWpw ap³t], ss{UhÀ Al½Zv Ip«n Im¡ acWs¸«p. AÃmlp At± ls¯ A\p{Kln¡pamdmIs«, B-ao³.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\n-sâ No-¯-bpw A-Sn-bpw sIm-Åm³ X-¿m-dm-sW-¶v ]-d-ªv ]T-\w Xp-S-§n.]-t£, H-¶pw th@n h-¶n-Ã s]-s«-¶v ]Tn-s¨-Sp-¯p.

tXmWn-bnÂ Ib-dm³ Rm³ Ah-kcw Im¯n-cp¶p. ]nSn-¨n-d-¡nb ap³ A\p-`hw DÅ-Xn-\m Â hen-ªp-I-b-dm³ ss[cyw h¶n-Ã. s]s«¶v At±lw (]pXn-bm¹) t\cn«v Fsâ ssI ]nSn¨v hen¨v ]d-ªp "tIdv Ipª-l-½tZ".

H-cp ]p-Xn-bm-¹X-¡m-c-¯n-sâ HmÀ-½

a‑p sIm-Ã-f-¯nÂ Ip-ª-l-½-Zv Fw.F.bp-sS k-lmbn

-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-¯‑v X-d-h‑mS‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v [‑m-c‑m-f‑w B-f‑pIÄ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-hÀ-¡‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e A‑w-K-§s‑f-t‑¸‑m-s‑e A-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w B-t‑h‑m-f‑w e-`‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c-W‑wh-s‑c A-hÀ-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w A-h-c‑p-s‑S ‑"F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³-‑' ]-X‑n-h‑p s‑Xä‑m-s‑X k-l‑m-b‑w F-¯‑n-¨‑ps‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑m-c‑p‑w a-d-¶‑m-e‑p‑w B k‑z-´-¡‑m-s‑c F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ a-d-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. B ]-«‑n-I-b‑n-s‑e C-¶‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\‑n-b‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-Ã-f-¯‑nÂ I‑p-ª-l-½-Z‑v I‑m-¡. t‑c‑m-K-i-¿-b‑n-e‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶‑p t‑I-«‑m³ I‑p-ª-l-½-Z‑m-¡-b‑v-¡‑v B-t‑hi‑w A-e-X-Ã‑p‑w. H‑mÀ-½-IÄ H-g‑p-I‑n-h-c‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l‑w F‑w.-F.s‑b-¸-ä‑n ]-d-ª H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹t‑¸‑m-¡‑n-s‑â I-Y-b‑m-W‑v X‑m-s‑g: "F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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t‑¸‑m-¡‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v a-d-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H-c‑p I-e‑y‑m-W‑w I‑n«‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v R-§Ä k‑m-[‑m-cW-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v A-¶‑v h-e‑n-b I‑m-c‑ya‑m-W‑v. h-b-d‑p-\‑n-d-s‑b `-£-W‑w I‑n-«‑p‑w F-¶-X‑p X-s‑¶ I‑m-c-W‑w. ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S t‑]‑m-I‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑mÂ k‑zÀ-¤‑w I‑n-«‑n-b k-t‑´‑m-j-a‑m-W‑v. ‑"-]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹-h-«‑'¯‑nÂ a‑p-´‑n-b h‑n-`-h-§-f‑m-W‑p>‑m-h‑p-I. Z‑q-s‑c-b‑m-W‑v s‑]¬-h‑o-S‑v F-¦‑nÂ t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑n-e‑m-h‑p‑w b‑m-{‑X. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e H-c‑p {‑]-a‑p-J-s‑â ]‑p-X‑nb‑m-¹-t‑¸‑m-¡‑n-\‑v R‑m³ t‑X‑m-W‑nb‑nÂ h-e‑n-ª‑p-I-b-d‑n. A-h-k‑m\‑w A-hÀ F-s‑¶ t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w C-d-¡‑n-h‑n-«‑p. F-¼‑m-S‑p‑w s‑X-d‑n-b‑p‑w t‑IÄ-t‑¡->‑n h-¶‑p. B-b‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-I‑m-cs‑â I-e‑y‑m-W‑w D->‑m-b-X‑v. ^-t‑d‑m¡‑n-s‑e s‑F-¡-c-¸-S‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w I-S-h‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w t‑X‑mW‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v b‑m-{‑X. (]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹ t‑]‑m-t‑¡‑m X-¡‑m-c-t‑¸‑m-t‑¡‑m F-¶‑v X‑n-«-a‑n-Ã.‑) t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑nÂ I-b-d‑m³ R‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w I‑m-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

2008þÂ am¼-ä (ap¡w) Hm-Un-täm-dn-b-¯nÂ \-S-¶ ap-kven-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_ kw-K-a k-ZÊv. {]-tXy-I £-Wn-Xm-hm-sb¯nb sImÃ-f-¯nÂ Ip-ª-l½-Zv Im-¡-sb- Im-Wmw.

]‑n-S‑n-¨‑n-d-¡‑n-b a‑p³ A-\‑p-`-h‑w D-Å-X‑n-\‑mÂ h-e‑n-ª‑p-I-b-d‑m³ s‑s‑[-c‑y‑w h-¶‑n-Ã. s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w (]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹‑) t‑\-c‑n-«‑v F-s‑â s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v h-e‑n-¨‑v "-t‑I-d‑v I‑p-ª-l-½-t‑Z-' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p. l‑m-h‑q‑! R‑m³ t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑nÂ I-b-d‑n. h-e‑n-b h-¼-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S I‑q-«-¯‑nÂ C-S‑w t‑\-S‑n. F-\‑n-¡‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-¶‑v \-Ã I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. B a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-a‑m-c‑p-s‑S I‑q-«-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v C‑u k‑m-[‑p-h‑n-s‑\ DÄs‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑\ F-§-s‑\ a-d-¡‑p‑w. B ]‑p-X‑n-b‑m-¹-h-«¯‑n-s‑e `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â c‑p-N‑n C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \‑m-h‑n-e‑p->‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v J‑m-f‑n-b‑mÀ (F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S _‑m-¸‑) ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F-s‑¶ I‑n-X‑m-_‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-h-c‑m-\‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p‑w s‑F-¡-c-¸-S‑n-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v ]-d-ª-b-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑]-®‑n-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑m-b apl½Zv a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c‑p‑w A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c‑p‑w a-X-]-Þ‑n-X-·‑mÀ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v t‑\-c-s‑¯ k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n¡‑m‑w B I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑p‑w \‑n-a‑n-¯-a‑m-b-X‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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s]-s«-¶v ]p-Xn-bm-¹ t\-cn-«v F-sâ ssI ]n-Sn-¨v h-en-¨v ]-dªp: "tI-dv Ip-ª -l-½-tZ..'-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 132

ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v a-JvZqw Ip-Spw_w H

-¶mw J-eo-^ A-_q-_-¡À kn-²o-Jv(d)sâ ]-c-¼-c-bnÂ-s]-« a-Jv-Zqw Ip-Spw-_w b-a-\n-se X-cow þ l-f-d-au-¯nÂ-\n-¶v X-angv-\m-«n-se Im-bÂ-]-«-W-t¯-¡pw Xp-SÀ-¶v cm-Py-¯n-sâ hn-hn-[ `m-K-§-fn-te-¡pw C-kv-emw a-X {]-N-c-WmÀ-°w Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b-Xm-bmWv N-cn-{Xw ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. Cu Ip-Spw-_-¯nÂ-\n-¶pw s]m-¶m-\n-bnte-¡v Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b a-Jv-Zq-an-IÄ ap-kv-en-bm-c-I-¯v F-¶ X-d-hm-Sv t]-cnÂ A-dn-b-s¸-«p. ]-Xn-\m-dmw \q-äm-tïm-Iq-Sn s]m-¶m-\n-sb tem-I C-kv-em-an-I `q-]-S-¯n-se-X-s¶ kp-{]-[m-\ {]-tZ-i-§-fnsem-¶m-¡n am-äp-¶-XnÂ a-Jv-Zq-an ]-Þn-X³-amÀ ap-Jy ]-¦p-hln-¨p. C-kv-em-an-I IÀ-½-im-kv-{X-¯n-epw a-äp ssh-Úm-\n-I ta-J-e-I-fn-epw h-en-b kw-`m-h-\-I-fÀ-¸n-¨-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p ssi-Jv ssk-\p-²o³ a-Jv-Zqw H-¶m-a-\pw c-ïm-a-\pw. a-e-_m-dn-se {]-[m-\-s¸-« ap-kv-enw B-hm-k tI-{µ-§-fnte-s¡-Ãmw a-Jv-Zqw Ip-Spw-_-¯nÂ-\n-¶pw ]-Þn-X-·m-sc {]-tXy-Iw £-Wn-¨p-h-cp-¯n Jm-fn-am-cm-bn \n-Ý-bn-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p. C-§-s\ a-t©-cn, s]-cn-´Â-a-®, sIm-tïm-«n, Io-gp-]-d-¼v, hm-g-¡m-Sv, Xm-a-c-tÈ-cn Xp-S-§n H-«p-an-¡ Ø-e-§-fn-epw ap-kven-bm-c-I-¯v Ip-Spw-_-¯n-sâ th-cp-IÄ F-¯n. C-{]-Im-cw s]m-¶m-\n-bnÂ-\n-¶pw ]-Þn-X-·m-cm-bn B-\-bn-¡-s¸-« ap-kv-en-bm-c-I-¯v Ip-Spw-_-¯n-se H-cp kp-{]-[m-\ I-®nbm-bn-cp-¶p sIm-Sn-b-¯q-cn-epw F-¯n-b-Xv. sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ, Io-gp-]-d-¼v, sN-dp-hm-Sn, I-¡m-Sv Xp-S-§n-b Ø-e-§-fn-se ]-Ån-I-fn-se-sb-Ãmw Jm-fn-am-cm-bn Cu Ip-Spw-_-¯n-se ]-Þn-X-·m-cm-Wv \n-Ý-bn-¡-s¸-«-Xv. sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ Jm-fnbpw Fw.F. ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ ]n-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-¶ A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv au-e-hn Cu ]-c-¼-c-bn-se G-ä-hpw A-dn-b-s¸-« ]-Þn-X-\pw k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-¿¯pÂ D-e-a ]-Þn-X k-`-bnÂ 1945 h-sc Aw-K-hp-ambn-cp-¶p. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ am-Xm-hv D½¿ sIm-SphÅn¡-Sp-¯p-Å {]m-hnÂ F-¶ Ø-e¯p-\n-¶pw sIm-Sn-b-¯q-cn-Âh-¶v ØncXm-a-kam¡n-b {]ap-J ]-ÞnX³ Ip-¶-¯v Nm-enÂ lp-ssk³ -ap-kv-en-bm-cp-sS a-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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s]m-¶m-\n Pp-apA-¯v ]Ån

]nXm-hnsâ ]c¼c

apkv-en-bm-cI-¯v hw-imhen

eh¡p«n

1921se a-e-_mÀ kac \m-bI³ B-en ap-kv-en-bm-cp-sS ]u-{X\pw ]-Þn-X\pw {]ap-J N-cn-{X-Im-c\pw A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv au-e-hn-bp-sS kp-lr-¯p-am-bn-cp-¶p a-t©-cn s\Ãn-¡p-¯v F.]n. ap-l½-Zv ap-kv-en-bm-cp-sS ]¡Â-\n¶pw e-`n¨Xv

AÐp-d-lv-am³ ap-kv-en-bmÀ I-¡mSv

ssi-Jv A-en AÂ a-Av_-cn (tIm-d-a-ïÂ, X-an-gv-\mSv)

]nXmhv

sIm-¨n-bn-se sIm-¨-§m-Sn-bnÂ Ip-Sn-tbdn. C-h-cp-sS ]qÀ-Æn-IÀ b-a-\n-se l-fÀ-au-¯nÂ-\n-¶v h¶p.

ssi-Jv A-en AÂ a-Av_-cn + ssi-Jv C-{_mlow (s]m-¶m-\n-bn-Â B-Zy-am-bn h¶p)

ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv au-ehn

ssk-\p-±o³ a-Jv-ZqÂ AÂ I-_oÀ P-\-\w. 1467 ({In.), 871 (ln), a-c-Ww 1522

Fw.F. ap-l½Zv

a½Zv ap-kv-en-bmÀ Xn-cp-h-¼mSn

Bbni tXm-«-¯nÂ

ssi-Jv ap-l½-Zv K-Êmen ^m¯n-a am-fn-tb¡Â

ssi-Jv A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv a-JvZqw k-JoÀ (s]m-¶m\n) P-\-\w: 1531 ({In. 938 (ln.), (^-Xv-lpÂ ap-Cu³ c-N-bn-Xmhv)

C¯-¿ X-d½Â

ssi-Jv A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv a-Jv-Zqw (s]m-¶m\n)

Fw.F. lp-ssk³ lm-Pn

ssi-Jv ssk-\p-±o³

Fw.F. e-h-¡p-«n lmPn

k-lm-Z-tcm§Ä

ssi-Jv A-l½Zv ssi-Jv A-ÐpÂ A-kokv

Fw.F. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³

JZoP ssI-X-¡p-ïnÂ

ssi-Jv ap-l-½Zv (sIm-tïm-«n Jmkn) Bbn-i Io-gp-]d¼v

A-en l-Ê³ ap-kv-en-bmÀ Fw.F. A-Ðp-Êemw

e-h-¡p-«n ap-kv-en-bmÀ (eº) Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv A-jvd^v

A-en-l-Ê³ ap-kv-en-bmÀ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.F. A-ÐpÂ I-_oÀ

am-Xm-hn-sâ ]c¼c Bbn-ip½ tXm-«-¯nÂ

amXmhv

sI.kn. ap-l½-Zv lmPn

ssh-em-¦-c _m-hp«n

C¯m-¨p½

^m¯n-a Ipªn-sam-bv-Xo³ D½¿ sI.kn. Ban-\

`mcy-amÀ

lpssk³ ap-kv-en-bmÀ Ip¶-¯v Nm-enÂ

C-¯m-¨p-½ Bky

Paoe a¡Ä

Ip-ªm-en s\-Spw-Ip¶¯v

dpJn-b Ip-«n lÊ³

Fw.F. A-ÐpÂ Akokv

jao-\

tIm-bm½p

D½¿

Fw.F. A-jvd^v

JZo-P \ÀKokv

cl-\

sI.kn. _m-h lmPn Fw.F. \mkÀ

Fw.F. _-joÀ

sI.kn. A-ÐpÃ auehn keo-\

sI.kn. A-Ðp-d-ln-am³ lmPn \Po-\

sI.kn. tIm-bm-ap lmPn Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

ju_n\

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 135

AXzn¿ \-Sp-¡-ï-¯nÂ

ka{]m-b-¡mc³

s‑] sI.kn. A-Ðp-d-ln-am³ lmPn A-½-mh³

-§-f‑p-s‑S a-I-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w k-a-{‑]‑m-b-¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä. s‑N-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-XÂ s‑I‑m->‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p‑w C-W-§‑nb‑p‑w ]‑n-W-§‑n-b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. s‑N-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-XÂ X-s‑¶ A-h-s‑\ F-\‑n-¡‑v A-S‑p-¯-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. b‑p-h‑m-¡-f‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§Ä c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w I-¨-h-S‑w X-s‑¶ X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-t‑c-b‑p‑w h‑o-«‑p-I‑mt‑c-b‑p‑w H-c‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p. \-½Ä F-{‑X t‑Z-j‑y‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-¯‑, C-\‑n t‑Z-j‑y‑w h-¶‑m-e‑p‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑v I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-¯ {‑]-I‑r-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑N-d‑p-¸-I‑m-e-t‑¯ A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y‑w h‑m-b-\-b‑p‑w k‑vt‑]‑mÀ-S‑v-k‑p‑w H-s‑¡ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ R‑m³ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-It‑¯-¡‑p‑w A-h³ R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h-¶‑v ]‑mÀ-¡‑md‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-c‑p-h-g‑n-ª‑n-b‑nÂ H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n I‑p-f‑n-¡‑p‑w. \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑nÂ I‑n-U‑v-\‑n t‑c‑m-K‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S F-®‑w hÀ-²n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑v U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v s‑N-¿‑m³ h-f-s‑c Z‑q-c‑w t‑]‑m-t‑I-> H-c‑p L-«¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v H-c‑p k‑u-P-\‑y U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑n-k‑v s‑kâÀ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ X‑p-S-§-W‑w F-¶ NÀ-¨ h-¶-X‑v. \‑n-e-h‑n-s‑e s‑lÂ-¯‑v s‑kâd‑n-\-S‑p¯‑p-Å F-s‑â Ø-e‑w A-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n \Â-I‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.F-b‑p‑w a-¡-f‑p‑w B Ø-e-¯‑v \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p C-c‑p-\‑n-e _‑nÂ-U‑n‑w-K‑v ]-W‑n I-g‑n-¨‑p. k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I {‑]-b‑m-k-§Ä I‑m-c-W‑w \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨ k‑u-P-\‑y U-b‑m-e‑n-k‑nk‑v s‑kâÀ X‑p-S-§‑m-\‑m-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« t‑I‑m‑w-{‑S-k‑v-ä‑p-a‑m-b‑n k-l-I-c‑n-¨‑v a‑n-I-¨ N‑n-I‑n-Õ e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n A-h‑n-s‑S X‑p-S-§‑n. A-h-k‑m-\ I‑m-e-¯‑v F‑w.F-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑NÀ-¶‑v \-S-¯‑n-b B ]‑p-W‑y-{‑]-hr-¯‑n C-¶‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶-X‑v I‑m-W‑pt‑¼‑mÄ G-s‑d k-t‑´‑m-j‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 136

A½mhsâ HmÀ-½-I-fn-se Fw.F.

-t¶-¡mÄ c->v h-b-Ên-\v aq¯Xv. Øm\w-sIm->v Fw.F-bp-sS A-½mh³. tIm-bm-ap lmPn HmÀ-a-IÄ Nn-I-bp-I-bm-Wv. I-fn-¡q-«p-Im-cm-bn-cp-¶p AhÀ. hn-cp¶p-t]mI-epw hn-Ir-Xn-Ifp-sams¡ HmÀ-a-bp-sS A-hy-àam-b Xn-c-Èoe-bn-ep>v. {I-a-am-bn A-Sp¡n-¡q-«n sh-¨p ]-d-bm³ ]-äp-¶nÃ. a-cp-aI-sâ I-eym-W-¯n-\p Iq-sS t]m-bn-cp-¶ A-½m-h³ A-hnhm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-¶p F¶-Xv \-tÃmÀ-a-bn-ep>v. sIm-Sn-b-¯qcnÂ-\n-¶v tXm-Wn-bnÂ ^-tdm-¡n-te¡v, _-knÂ sF-¡-c-¸Sn-bn-te¡v, ImÂ-\-S-bm-bn h-[p-hn-sâ ho-«n-te-¡v... t]m-b-Im-e I-eym-W bm-{X-bp-sS I-Y-IÄ ]pXn-b X-e-apd-¡v k-¦Â-¸n-¡m\m-hnÃ. C-¶v H-cp a-Wn-¡q-dnÂ Hm-Sn-¯o-cp-¶ Zq-c-¯n-\v H-cp ]-I-en-sâ ]m-Xn-sb-¦nepw th->n-h-¶n-cn-¡pw. cm-{Xn-bnÂ A-hnsS Xm-a-kn-¨v ]n-tä-¶v a-S-§n-t¸m-cp-t¼mÄ Iq-sS-bp->m-bn-cp¶ sImÃ-f-¯nÂ Ip-ª-l-½-Zn-sâ Iq-sS kn-\na-¡v t]m-b I-Y a-Sn-¨p-a-Sn-¨m-sW-¦nepw lm-Pn-bmÀ ]-d-ªp-Nn-cn¨p. k-tlmZ-cn ]p-{X-s\-¡p-dn-¨v a[p-tcmÀ-a-IÄ H-cp-]m-Sp->v a-\-ÊnÂ. A-Sp-¡nsh-¨v ]-d-bm³ B-hm-¯Xp-sIm->v _p-²n-ap-«n-¡m³ \n-¶nÃ. tIm-bm-ap lm-Pn H-¶v XoÀ-¯p ]-dªp. B-tcmSpw sX-äm-¯ {]-IrXw. Ip-Spw_-§-tfm-sSm-s¡ \Ã kv-t\lw. A-sXm-s¡bm-bn-cp-¶p Fw.F. F-¶v ]d-ªv Np-cp-¡n lm-Pn-bmÀ. CS¯v-\n¶v: aÀlqw apl-½-Zp-®n am-kväÀ, sI.kn. tIm-bm-ap lmPn, tam-bn-tam³ lmPn, Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln_v

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 137

sI.kn. tIm-bm-ap lmPn A-½-mh³

R§Ä NÀ¨ Ignªv lmfn-te¡v Ib-dp-t¼mÄ ho@pw Fw.-F. bpsS ap³]n-se¯n. Hcp sNdp]p-©n-cn-tbmsS, NÀ¨-bpsS A´-Ê¯ a\-Ên-em ¡n Fw.-F. ]dªp: "AXv kmc-an-Ã, \ap¡v FÃm-h-scbpw Iq«n sImSn-b-¯q-cnÂ henb IeymWw \S-¯-Ww."

kv-t\-l-\n-[n-bm-b Fw.-F.

R‑m F³.-sI. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ Fw.F-bpsS A½mh-sâ aI³. sNbÀ-am³, Im-c-tÈ-cn _m¦v

³ s‑I.-F-k‑v.-b‑p.‑, b‑q-¯‑v t‑I‑m¬-{‑Kk‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n Ø‑nc‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. R-§-f‑ps‑S B-h‑m-k-t‑I-{‑µ‑w C-¼‑o-c‑n-bÂ t‑l‑m-«-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-h‑n-S‑p-s‑¯ X‑m-a-k-¯‑n-\‑v ]-W‑w t‑h->. D-S-a I-½‑p-¡‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑S H‑u-Z‑mc‑y-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p a‑p-d‑n-b‑nÂ ]-¯‑p‑w ]-{‑´->‑p‑w t‑]À I‑n-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑, k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w H-s‑¯‑m-c‑pa-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑F-I‑y-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w I‑m-e-L-«‑w. 1978 G-{‑]‑nÂ 30\‑v ]-X‑n-h‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e I‑p-f‑n-I-g‑n-ª‑v h-k‑v-{‑X-¯‑n\‑m-b‑n a‑q-¶‑m‑w \‑n-e-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v X‑m-s‑g h-¶‑p. A-h‑n-s‑S s‑h-Å J-ZÀ-h-k‑v-{‑X‑w A-e-¡‑n C-k‑v-X‑n-c‑nb‑n-«‑p X-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ s‑iÂ-h-s‑â a‑p-d‑nb‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a‑m-t‑\-Pc‑p‑w t‑I‑m¬-{‑K-k‑v t‑\-X‑m-h‑p-a‑m-b C.-h‑n. D-k‑v-a‑m³-t‑I‑m-b ]-{‑X‑w h‑mb‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p->m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-> D-S-s‑\ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "F³.-s‑I.‑, C-¶-t‑Ã F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W‑w?' Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 138

A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-I‑m-¡-b‑ps‑S a‑q-¯-a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑ns‑â \‑n-¡‑m-l‑v _‑o-¨‑v-t‑l‑m-«-e‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v \-S-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v H‑mÀ½-b‑nÂ h-¶-X‑v. "A-s‑X‑, D-k‑v-a‑m³-¡‑m‑! C-¶‑p-¨b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v, \-a‑p-¡‑v H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v t‑]‑mI‑m-w-' F-¶‑m-b‑n R‑m³. h-k‑v-{‑X‑w a‑m-d‑n h-¶ t‑i-j‑w C-Í-e‑n-b‑p‑w I-g‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ U‑n.-k‑n.k‑n. b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. A-¶-s‑¯ {‑]-[‑m-\ -]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ N‑p-a-X-e-IÄ s‑s‑I-a‑m-d‑n C-¼‑o-c‑n-be‑nÂ X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n. s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑o³-]Å‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v f‑p-lÀ \-a-k‑v-¡‑mc‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v C.-h‑n. b‑p‑w h-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑v-¡‑q-«-d‑nÂ _‑o-¨‑v-t‑l‑m-«-e‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. t‑l‑m-«Â I-h‑m-S-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ F‑w.-F. k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-I-¯‑v I-b-d‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-s‑c I->‑v H‑mÀ-½ ]‑p-X‑p-¡‑n I‑p-i-e‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ I-¡‑m-S-½s‑e I-½‑p-®‑n l‑m-P‑n-I‑m-¡ F-s‑â s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p ]‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑v \-S-¶‑p. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p:

Ip¶-¯v Nm-enÂ Ip-Spw-_-kw-K-a-¯nÂ sI.kn. Ip-Spw-_ k-an-Xn sN-bÀ-am³ F³.sI. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-s\ B-Z-cn-¡p¶p.

"\‑o s‑I.-k‑n. b‑nÂ s‑]-S‑p-¶-h-\t‑Ã‑, C-¶-s‑¯ I-e‑y‑m-W‑w _-l‑nj‑v-¡-c‑n-¨-h-c‑nÂ \‑o-b‑n-t‑Ã?' A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w ^-t‑d‑m¡‑n-e‑p‑w N‑n-eÀ I-e‑y‑m-W‑w _-l‑nj‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑>-¶-d‑n-ª-X‑v. a‑m-k-¯‑nÂ H-c‑n-¡Â \‑m-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ F-\‑n-¡‑v ]‑p-X‑n-b h‑nh-c-§Ä A-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]-e {‑]-a‑p-J-s‑c-b‑p‑w I->-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. R‑m³ I-½‑p-®‑n-I‑m¡-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "]-c-X-c‑m-a³-\‑m-b-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w F-s‑â A-bÂ-¡‑m-c³ A-U‑z. ]‑n.-S‑n. t‑X‑m-a-k‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w a-¡-f‑p-s‑S I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ F-\‑n¡‑v J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-b‑m-b t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â a-I-s‑â I-e‑y‑m-W‑w H-«‑p‑w _-l‑n-j‑v¡-c‑n-t‑¡->-X‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑n-Ã.' R-§Ä NÀ-¨ I-g‑n-ª‑v l‑mf‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-b-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ h‑o->‑p‑w F‑w.-F. b‑p-s‑S a‑p³-]‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. H-c‑p s‑N-d‑p-]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑, NÀ-¨b‑p-s‑S A-´-Ê-¯ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n

F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª‑p: "A-X‑v k‑m-c-a‑n-Ã‑, \-a‑p-¡‑v F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑q-c‑nÂ h-e‑n-b I-e‑y‑m-W‑w \-S-¯-W‑w.' X‑n-I-ª B-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-kt‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-t‑e-s‑d k‑vt‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w B h‑n-j-b‑w h-f-s‑c e-L‑q-Ic‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. F-¶ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n. H-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ k‑q-£‑n-¡‑ms‑X‑, h‑n-i‑m-e-a‑m-b l‑r-Z-b-t‑¯‑ms‑S‑, F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n ]‑n-¶‑oS‑v I-e‑y‑m-W‑w \-S-¯‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. A-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯-h-c‑p‑w _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c‑n-¨-h-c‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w k-a-·‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑ph‑m-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-NIÄ s‑N-¿‑p-h‑m-\‑p‑w I-g‑n-h‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â D-S-a-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \-½‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« F‑w.-F.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 139

"-kn-²m, F-Ãmw i-cn-bm-Wv. ]-t£, Cu Im-Sv ]-£n-I-fp-tSXpw Ip-c-§p-I-fp-tS-Xp-am-Wv. \m-an-hn-sS I-t¿-dn-b-Xm-Wv. ]-S-¨-h³ C-sX-Ãmw D-@m-¡p-t¼mÄ \-ap-¡pw Ip-c-§·mÀ-¡p-sa-Ãmw hn-ln-Xw \n-Ý-bn-¨n-«p-@v. A-h-cp-sS hn-ln-X-ta A-hÀ I-gn-¡q. \-½p-sS hn-ln-Xw \-ap-¡v X-s¶ In-«pw. A-XnÂ t_-Pm-dm-th-@Xn-Ã".

Fw.-F. F-¶ c@-£-cw

\‑o sI.-kn. sam-bv-Xo³ -tIm-b A-½mh-sâ aI³. sI.kn. ^u-tïj³ sN-bÀ-am³

->‑p k‑p-µ-c-\‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y³. B-g‑v-N-b‑n-s‑e H-g‑n-h‑p-Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑nÂ c‑m-h‑n-s‑e H-c‑p P‑o-¸‑nÂ t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-S‑n-\‑p a‑p-¶‑nÂ h-¶‑n-d-§‑p‑w. s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ X‑m-ac-t‑È-c‑n-¡‑m-c³ A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n. _‑m-¸-b‑p‑w D-½-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w I‑pi-e‑w ]-d-ª t‑i-j‑w ]‑p-g-I-S¶‑p s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e k‑z-´‑w X-d-h‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v. s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w a-S-¡-b‑m-{‑X. A-[‑n-I B-g‑v-N-If‑n-e‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m‑w. A-½‑m-h-\‑m-b s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-l‑v a‑u-e-h‑ns‑b A-X‑n-c-ä‑v B-Z-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F. a-c‑p-a-I-\‑m-b F‑w.-F.t‑b‑m-S‑v _‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v \-Ã k‑v-t‑\-l-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v a-\-Ê‑nÂ ]-X‑n-ª‑p I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ B-Z‑y-N‑n-{‑X‑w C-X‑m-W‑v. "-I-¨-hS-¯‑nÂ I-®‑v-s‑X-f‑n-ª-h-\‑mW‑v‑, {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-IÄ X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ s‑s‑[-c‑y-a‑p-Å-h-\‑m-W‑v-' F-s‑¶-Ã‑m‑w _‑m-¸ ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. a-c-¡-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑p‑w a‑n-Ã‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ôs‑¸-« ]‑p-X‑n-b h-Ã ]-²-X‑n-I-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 140

f‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑nÂ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w k‑wc‑w-`-§Ä X‑p-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w _‑m-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n¨‑mÂ A-t‑¸‑mÄ I-> \‑nÀ-t‑±-i§Ä R-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑i-²-b‑nÂ-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p‑w _‑m-¡‑n h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-d‑n-ª t‑i-j‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑m³ ]-d-b‑p-Ib‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p _‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S c‑o-X‑n. 1992Â J-¯-d‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑{‑_‑m-¡Àa‑mÀ ]‑n-¶‑m-s‑e I‑q-S‑n‑, ]‑p-X‑p¸‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ 40 G-¡À d-ºÀt‑X‑m-«‑w h‑n-e‑v-]-\-b‑v-¡‑p s‑h-¨-X‑v I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-X-c‑m³. t‑]‑m-b‑n-I->‑p‑, ]T‑n-¨‑p. _‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S \‑nÀ-t‑±-i{‑]-I‑m-c‑w ]T-\-d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.s‑b I->‑p. NÀ-¨ A-hk‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª‑p: "C-t‑¸‑mÄ d-º-d‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n I‑p-S‑p-t‑§->. d-º-d‑n-s‑â I‑p-X‑n-¸‑v \‑n-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. (C-X‑n-\‑ns‑S F‑w.-F. X-s‑â H-¶‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w d-ºÀ-F-t‑Ì-ä‑p-IÄ h‑n-s‑ä‑m-g‑n-h‑m¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑). ]-W‑w s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑ps‑>-¦‑nÂ \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑h-s‑d h-Ã-X‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑m‑w.' -C-h‑n-S‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F‑w.-F.-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n I‑q-S‑p-XÂ A-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

R‑m³ J-¯-d‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. H-c‑p a‑m-k‑w X‑n-I-b‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v F‑w.-F. h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p: "D-S³ h-c-W‑w‑, \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p I‑m-¸‑n-t‑¯‑m-«‑w I->‑n-«‑p>‑v. \‑n-d-¨‑p‑w a-c-a‑p>‑v‑, h‑n-e-b‑p‑w ]‑m-I‑w. a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¨‑mÂ X-s‑¶ A-hÀ-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-t‑¡->-X‑p‑w I‑q-S‑pX-e‑p‑w I‑n-«‑p‑w. a-ä‑m-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w h-¶‑v I-¨-h-S-a‑p-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v h‑m-§-W‑w.' _‑m-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑m-t‑e‑m-N‑n¨‑p. "-a‑p-l-½-Z‑v A-§‑n-s‑\ ]-d-ª‑n«‑p-s‑>-¦‑nÂ B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-t‑¡>X‑n-Ã‑, a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-I‑m‑w. A-h³ C-¯-c‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I->‑p‑w h‑m-§‑nb‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑p-Å-h-\‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m. d‑n-k‑v-I‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-Å s‑s‑[-c‑yh‑p‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑m\‑p-Å X-t‑â-S-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v A-h-s‑â s‑s‑I-a‑p-X-Â.' C-§-s‑\ ]-d-ª‑ps‑I‑m->‑v _‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S ]-¨-s‑¡‑m-S‑nb‑p‑w I‑n-«‑n. ]‑n-s‑¶-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w s‑R‑m-S‑n-b‑n-S-b‑ne‑m-W‑v \-S-¶-X‑v. h‑n-e-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p i-X-a‑m-\-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-U‑z‑m³-k‑v t‑h->‑n-h-c‑p‑w F-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑n \-s‑Ã‑mc‑p k‑w-J‑y-b‑p-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. I-¨-h-S‑w D-d-¸‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w‑, A-hÀ B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-« A-U‑z‑m³-k‑v t‑I«-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§-s‑f X-a‑m-i-b‑m¡‑p-I-b‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n‑, H-c‑p-d‑p-¸‑n-I-b‑p‑w C-c‑p-]-¯‑n-b-©‑v s‑s‑]-k-b‑p‑w‑! A-X‑v {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w I-hd‑n-e‑m-¡‑n k‑q-£‑n-¨‑p-s‑h-¨ t‑i-j‑w‑, A-O³-t‑a-¯ h-¶‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯ h-k‑n-b¯‑v‑, "-H-c‑p I‑m-c-W-h-i‑m-e‑p‑w A-d‑pt‑¯‑m t‑h-«-b‑m-S‑n-t‑b‑m F-t‑Ì-ä‑nÂ H-c‑p P‑o-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w c-à‑w N‑n-´c‑p-X‑v-' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w F‑w.-F. C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S H‑mÀ-½‑n-¸‑n-¡‑pI-b‑p‑w R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v ]‑m-e‑n-¡‑m³ B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c C-S-t‑h-f-I-f‑nÂ I‑q-\‑q-c‑nÂ s‑N-¶‑v F‑w.-F. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I‑m-W‑p‑w.

A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â C-ã-t‑`‑m-P‑y-a‑m-b A->‑n-¸-c‑n-¸‑v s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¯ ^‑m-Îd‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w a‑p-´‑n-b C-\‑w B-s‑f A-b-¨‑p h‑m-§‑n-¨‑mW‑v F‑w.-F. t‑]‑m-h‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v. A-O³-t‑a-¯ a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c B _-Ô‑w h-f-s‑c i-àa‑m-b‑p‑w D‑u-j‑v-a-f-a‑m-b‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑X t‑a-¯-b‑p-s‑S a-s‑ä‑mc‑p F-t‑Ì-ä‑p‑w S‑o ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n h‑m-§‑m³ R-§Ä s‑N¶-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v A-hÀ X-½‑n-e‑p-Å D‑u-j‑v-a-f-a‑m-b _-Ô-¯‑n-\‑v a-X‑n-b‑m-b s‑X-f‑nh‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-B F-t‑Ì-ä‑v c->‑v \-¼-d‑m-W‑v, H-¶‑v 609 G-¡-d‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v 607 G-¡-d‑p‑w ^‑m-Î-d‑nb‑p‑w. 607 G-¡-d‑p‑w ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w \‑n-§Ä h‑m-§‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ h‑m-§‑ns‑¨‑m‑, a-t‑ä-X‑v \‑n-§Ä h‑m-§->. F-\‑n-¡-X‑p‑w h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v t‑h->-X‑v ]-t‑£‑, A-X‑v \‑n-§Ä h‑m-§-c‑p-X‑v. A-X‑n-s‑â t‑c-J H-«‑p‑w i-c‑n-b-Ã.' (A-¶‑v 609 h‑m-§‑n-b-

sI.kn. A-ÐpÃ auehn PamA-s¯ C-kv-em-an ap³ tI-c-f A-aoÀ, Fw.F.ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ A-½m-h³. te-JI-sâ ]n-Xmhv Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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A-hÀ B-h-iy-s¸-« A-Uzm³-kv tI-«-t¸mÄ R-§-sf X-am-i-bm-¡p-Ibm-tWm F-¶p tXm-¶n, H-cp-dp-¸n-I-bpw C-cp-]¯n-b-©v ss]-k-bpw!

hÀ C-¶‑p‑w B {‑]-b‑m-k‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m>‑n-c‑n-¡-‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v). 607 G-¡À R-§Ä h‑m§‑n. ]n¶o-Sv B-tem-Nn-¨-t¸mÄ R-§Ä-¡‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n‑, h‑n-e A-e‑v-]‑w I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v. F‑w.-F. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I->‑v I‑m-c‑y‑w [-c‑n-¸‑n-¨t‑¸‑mÄ a-S‑n I‑q-S‑m-s‑X h‑n-e-b‑p-s‑S 10% I‑p-d-¨‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w‑, B t‑_‑m‑w-s‑_-¡‑m-c³ k‑m-£‑mÂ a‑mÀ-h‑m-U‑n‑, F‑w.-F. s‑b B-Z-c‑n-¨-X‑v. H-c‑p s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w F-t‑Ì-ä‑n-e‑p-Å- A-h-k-c-¯‑nÂ J-¯-d‑n-Â \‑n-¶‑v b‑q-k‑p-^‑v \-Ö‑mÀ F-¶ B-i‑m-c‑n (A-t‑±-l-a‑m-W‑v J-¯-d‑n-s‑e c‑m-P I-¸-e‑n-\‑v t‑h> t‑_-b‑v-k‑v s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w I-¸Â \‑nÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v) F-t‑Ì-ä‑v _‑w-¥‑m-h‑nÂ I-b-d‑n-h-c‑p-¶‑p. A-©-S‑n h-®-h‑p‑w 75 A-S‑n \‑o-f-h‑p-a‑p-Å ]‑p-¶ a-c-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±l-¯‑n-\‑v t‑h->-X‑v. c‑m-{‑X‑n-¡‑v c‑m-{‑X‑n X-s‑¶ s‑]-t‑{‑S‑m-a‑m-I‑v-k‑v s‑h-f‑n-¨-¯‑nÂ F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w l‑p-s‑s‑k-\‑p‑w B-\-b‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑q-«‑w ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w I‑m-«‑nÂ I-b-d‑n. "-s‑h-¼-e \‑m-«‑n-s‑e X-¼‑p-c‑m-s‑â X-¼‑p-c‑m-«‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑p I-«‑nÂ t‑h-W‑w‑, I-«‑nÂ I-S-b‑p-h‑m-\‑m I‑n-g-¡³ I‑m-«‑n-s‑e N-µ-\‑w X-s‑¶ t‑h-W‑w.' F-¶ h-c‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v F-\‑n-t‑¡‑mÀ-½ h-¶-X‑v, J-¯-d‑n-s‑e c‑m-P‑m-h‑n-s‑â X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w ]-c‑n-K-W‑n¨‑v I‑m-«‑nÂ h-¶ \-Ö‑m-d‑n-s‑\ I->-t‑¸‑mÄ. a‑p-d‑n-¨‑n-« a-c-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ c->‑p a-c-§f‑p‑w t‑S‑mÀ-¨‑n-s‑â s‑h-f‑n-¨-¯‑nÂ I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mS‑p-¯‑p. 75A-S‑n \‑o-f-¯‑nÂ 5A-S‑n h-®-a‑p-Å H-c‑p ]‑p-¶- X-s‑¶ A-t‑±-l‑w s‑X-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¯‑p‑, X‑q-¡-s‑a‑m-¸‑n-¡‑m³ A-{‑X h-e‑n-¸-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ a-s‑ä‑mc‑p a-c-h‑p‑w. i‑m-´‑n- F-t‑Ì-ä‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w 25 I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑oäÀ h-f-h‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-h‑p‑w I-b-ä‑n-d-¡-h‑p-a‑p-Å h‑o-X‑n I‑p-d-ª t‑d‑m-U‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v, K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑«-¡‑v \‑m-S‑pI‑m-W‑n-N‑p-c‑w (A-¶‑v h‑o-X‑n H-«‑p-a‑n-Ã‑)h-g‑n \‑q-d‑v I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑o-ä-d‑p‑w. a-c‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v t‑_-¸‑q-c‑v I-S¸‑p-d-¯‑v F-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v I-¨-h-S‑w. I-¨-h-S‑w D-d-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v, a‑p-¼‑v F-¯‑n-¡‑m³ a‑mÀ-¤‑w I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ F‑w.F.b‑p-s‑S a-d‑p-]-S‑n: "-I-¨-h-S‑w ]-d-b‑p-I. t‑I‑mFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å N‑n-e-h‑p‑w a-c-¯‑n-\‑v t‑a‑m-l-h‑n-e-b‑p‑w X-c‑p-I-b‑ms‑W-¦‑nÂ F-¯‑n-¡‑m³ a‑mÀ-¤-a‑p->‑mh‑p‑w. C-§-s‑\ I‑m-«‑nÂ D->‑m-I‑p-¶ a-c-§Ä a‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \‑o-f-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¨‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m C-¯-c‑w \‑q-d‑p-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v I-¸-e‑p-IÄ I‑m-e‑mI‑m-e-§-f‑m-b‑n D->‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e \-a‑p-¡‑p‑w F-¯‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-k‑m-²‑y-a‑m-b‑n H-¶‑pa‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m.' F-Ã‑m‑w I-W-¡‑p-I‑q-«‑n R-§Ä ]-d-ª h‑n-e \-Ö‑mÀ A-¸-S‑n A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. A-¨‑m-c-h‑p‑w X-¶‑v R-§-s‑f I‑p-S‑p-¡‑n A-t‑±-l‑w c‑m-{‑X‑n X-s‑¶ Ø-e‑w h‑n-«‑p. t‑I-{‑µ-h-\‑w-h-I‑p-¸‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w h‑nt‑Z-i-I‑m-c‑y-a-{‑´‑m-e-b-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e J-¯À t‑I‑m¬-k-t‑eä‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w t‑N-¼À H‑m-^‑v I-t‑a-g‑v-k‑ns‑â-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w A-\‑p-a-X‑n-b‑p‑w \‑n-c‑mt‑£-]-]-{‑X-h‑p‑w F‑w.-F.¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v H-c‑m-g‑v-N s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-t‑Ì-ä‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b F‑w.-F. a-c‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑p-¶-X‑p h-s‑c \‑nÀt‑±-i‑n-¨‑p‑w \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¨‑p‑w R-§-t‑f‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w X-s‑¶. a‑p-¼‑nÂ ]‑p-Å‑n‑w-K‑v s‑{‑I-b‑v-\‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑nÂ B-\-b‑p‑w \-S‑p-h‑nÂ ]-c-Xc‑m-a³ \‑m-b-c‑p-s‑S s‑s‑k-U‑p-a‑p-d‑n-b³ t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑p‑w s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ a‑p-l-½-Z-e‑n-b‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑q-«‑w t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-If‑p‑w‑, c->‑p P‑o-¸‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑n-e‑p‑w R-§-f‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑v c‑m-h‑p-‑w a‑q-¶‑v ]-I-e‑p-s‑a-S‑p-¯‑p a-c‑w t‑I-S‑p-I‑qS‑m-s‑X t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑n-¨‑p. {‑i-a‑n¨‑mÂ \-S-¡‑m-¯-s‑X‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã F-¶ ]‑mT‑w {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S F‑w.-F. R-§-s‑f ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-¸‑n a‑p-¯‑p ]-g‑p-¯‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p¶-X‑p I‑m-W‑m³ \-Ã c-k-a‑m-W‑v. I‑m-¸‑n-]-d‑n¡Â X‑p-S-§‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v H-c‑n-¡Â R-§Ä F-t‑Ì-ä‑nÂ s‑N-¶‑p. t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n k‑n-²³ A-X‑m H‑m-S‑n-h-c‑p-¶‑p. "-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑o‑, a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑o‑, I‑p-c-§‑p-IÄ h-Ã‑m-s‑X I‑m-¸‑n ]-d‑n-

ap-¡-®³ A-_q-_-¡À lmPn

am-e-§m-S³ _o-cm³ km-ln-_v, F-Sh-®

¨‑p-X‑n-¶‑v \-i‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p->‑v. C-X‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑m³ I‑m-h-e‑v-¡‑m-s‑c s‑h¡-W‑w-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v. N‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v F‑w.-F. ]-d-ª a-d‑p-]-S‑n: "-k‑n-²‑m‑, F-Ã‑m‑w i-c‑n-b‑mW‑v. ]-t‑£‑, C‑u I‑m-S‑v ]-£‑n-If‑p-t‑S-X‑p‑w I‑p-c-§‑p-I-f‑p-t‑S-X‑p-a‑mW‑v. \‑m-a‑n-h‑n-s‑S I-t‑¿-d‑n-b-X‑m-W‑v. ]-S-¨-h³ C-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w D->‑m-¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ \-a‑p-¡‑p‑w I‑p-c-§-·‑mÀ-¡‑ps‑a-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-l‑n-X‑w \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-l‑n-X-t‑a A-hÀ I-g‑n¡‑q. \-½‑p-s‑S h‑n-l‑n-X‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v X-s‑¶ I‑n-«‑p‑w. A-X‑nÂ t‑_-P‑m-d‑mt‑h->-X‑n-Ã.' C-X‑v t‑I-«‑v k‑n-²³ a‑u-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n. C-X‑v t‑I-«-t‑¸‑mÄ F-\‑nt‑¡‑mÀ-½ h-¶-X‑v ‑"-k‑q-d-¯‑pÂ J-e-a‑n-‑'-s‑e t‑X‑m-«-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S I-Y-b‑mW‑v. ]‑m-h-s‑¸-« a‑n-k‑v-I‑o-·‑mÀ h‑n-l‑n-

t_-_n- tN«³

sI.]n. Im-¡ F-¶ sI.]n. ap-l½-Zv lm-Pn Kq-UÃqÀ

X‑w t‑X-S‑n-s‑b-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑m-b‑n ]‑p-eÀ-¡‑m-t‑e A-c-> s‑h-f‑n-¨¯‑nÂ ^-e‑w s‑I‑m-b‑v-X‑p Ø-e‑w-h‑nS‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑v c‑m-{‑X‑n t‑\c-s‑¯ I‑n-S-¶‑p-d-§‑n ]‑m-X‑n-c‑m-h‑nÂ t‑X‑m-«-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑p t‑]‑m-b IÀ-jIÀ A-h‑n-s‑S s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑X‑m-«‑w X-IÀ-¶-S‑n-ª-X‑p‑w I->‑v h‑m-h‑n-«‑v I-c-ª‑p I‑p-ä‑w G-ä‑p-]-d-ª‑p s‑hd‑p‑w-s‑s‑I-t‑b‑m-s‑S a-S-§‑p-¶ c‑w-K‑w; F-Ã‑m A-h-I‑m-i‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w A-h-c‑ps‑S A-h-I‑m-i‑w h-I-s‑h-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑p-I F-¶ {‑]-h‑m-N-I-h-N-\‑w. F-t‑Ì-ä‑nÂ ]‑p-X‑n-b a‑m-t‑\-Ps‑d \‑n-b-a‑n-¨ k-a-b‑w. F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w l‑p-s‑s‑k-\‑p‑w I‑m-S‑p-N‑pä‑m-\‑n-d-§‑n. I‑m-¸‑n-s‑¨-S‑n-IÄ-¡‑p a-c‑p-¶-S‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑m-t‑\-P-d‑p‑w. R-§-s‑f I->-a‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ k‑q-

A\t´«³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

ssl{Zp lm-Pn Kq-UÃqÀ

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"-C-´ym-a-lmcm-Py-¯v am-\w-a-cym-Z-bv¡v I-¨-h-Sw sN-bv-Xv H-cmÄ¡pw ]-¯v i-X-am-\-¯nÂ Iq-Sp-XÂ em`-ap-@m-¡m³ I-gn-bn-Ã. A-XnÂ-IqSp-XÂ B-cv Hm-^À sN-bvXm-epw Im-cy§Ä \-¶m-bn ]Tn-¡-Ww.

"-C-t¸mÄ H-¶pw ]-d-b-cpXv, \-ap-¡v Hm-^o-knÂ sN-¶v A-t±-l-s¯ H-ä-bv-¡v hn-fn-¨v Im-cyw A-t\z-jn-¡mw. ]-c-ky-am-bn Xn-cp-¯n-bmÂ sXm-gn-em-fnIÄ-¡v A-t±l-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v a-Xn-¸v \-ã-s¸-Spw. ]n-¶o-Sv A-t±-l-¯n\v A-h-sc \n-b-{´n-¡m³ {]-bm-k-am-hpw-'

{‑]-s‑s‑h-kÀ k‑n-²³ H‑m-S‑n-h-¶‑p‑, "-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑o‑, a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑o‑, a-c‑p-¶‑v a‑n-I‑vk‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v i-c‑n-b-Ã‑, a‑m-t‑\-PÀ¡‑v A-X-d‑n-b‑n-Ã-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p s‑I‑m->‑v. \‑o->I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n A-hÀ ]-c‑n-N-b‑n-¨ c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v `‑n-¶a‑m-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w a‑n-I‑v-k‑v s‑N-b‑vX-X‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S a‑p-¶‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑p R-§Ä A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w-s‑N-b‑v-X‑v C-S-s‑]-«‑p F-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b F‑w.-F. R-§-s‑f h‑n-f‑n¨‑p a‑m-d‑n-\‑n-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑p‑, "-C-t‑¸‑mÄ H-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b-c‑p-X‑v, \-a‑p-¡‑v H‑m^‑o-k‑nÂ s‑N-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ H-ä-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v I‑m-c‑y‑w A-t‑\‑z-j‑n¡‑m‑w. ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-b‑mÂ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v a-X‑n-¸‑v \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p‑w. ]‑n-¶‑oS‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v A-h-s‑c \‑n-b{‑´‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-a‑m-h‑p‑w-' F-¶‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â t‑X‑m-«-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S \-S-¶‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ H-c‑p s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-a‑m-b H-c‑m-hi‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑v \‑q-d‑p-d‑p-¸‑n-I t‑N‑m-Z‑n¨‑p. R-§Ä A-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. A-b‑mÄ A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-h-i‑y‑w \‑n-d-t‑h-ä‑n. t‑i-j‑w F‑w.-F. R-§s‑f h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª‑p: "-C-X‑v C-\‑n B-hÀ-¯‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v. ]-W‑w h‑m-§‑m\‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p h‑y-h-Ø t‑h-W‑w. C-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑Nb‑v-X-X‑v ]-g-b- c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v. h‑u-¨À F-g‑p-X‑n-b t‑i-j-t‑a ]-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑m-h‑q. a-d‑n-¨‑v s‑N-¿-c‑p-X‑v. A-hk‑m-\‑w I-W-¡‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑s‑]-k _‑m-¡‑n X‑n-I-b‑m-s‑X h-c‑p‑w.' C-§-s‑\ H‑m-t‑c‑m I‑m-c‑y-h‑p‑w {‑]‑m-hÀ-¯‑n-I-a‑m-¡‑n ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑m-l-k‑n-I-\‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. k‑m-l-k‑n-I-a‑m-b-X‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑p-I‑, A-X‑v ]-W‑n-s‑¸-«‑p t‑\-c‑n-«‑v h‑n-P-b‑n¸‑n-¡‑p-I. "-d‑n-k‑v-I‑v G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-I-W‑w. d‑n-k‑v-I‑v I‑q-S‑p-¶X‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v e‑m-`-h‑p‑w t‑\-«-h‑p‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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I‑q-S‑p‑w.' C-X‑v C-S-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-s‑¡ H‑mÀ½‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p‑w F‑w.F. s‑]-c‑p-a-®‑m-a‑q-g‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-e‑v]‑w I‑q-S‑n D-Å‑n-t‑e‑m-«‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n‑, s‑N¦‑p-¯‑m-b a-e-b-S‑n-h‑m-c-¯‑n-e‑m-W‑v a‑p-X‑p-I‑m-S‑v h-\‑w. h-\-¯‑nÂ kÀ¡‑mÀ A-S-b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b ]‑p-¶a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑, h‑mÄ-¡‑m-s‑c s‑h-¨‑p C‑uÀ-¶‑v k‑n-Ã‑o-¸-d‑m-¡‑n (É‑o-]-d‑n-s‑â \‑m-S³ `‑m-j‑y‑w‑) s‑d-b‑nÂ-t‑h t‑Ìj-\‑nÂ F-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v I-c‑mÀ. h³-I‑n-S-¡‑m-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w a-e-h‑m-c-¯‑ns‑â s‑N-¦‑p-¯‑v I->‑v H-g‑n-ª‑p-t‑]‑mt‑b-S-¯‑v F‑w.-F. A-t‑X-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶-s‑b‑m-c‑p ]-S-t‑b‑m-«-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑p‑w B-\-b‑p‑w t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑vI‑m-c‑p‑w. F‑w.-F. ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑nb-X‑nÂ G-ä-h‑p‑w d‑n-k‑v-I‑v I‑q-S‑n-b ]-W‑n C-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶ G-ä-h‑p-t‑a-s‑d e‑m-`‑w e-`‑n-¨X‑p‑w C-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p X-s‑¶-s‑b-¶‑v C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S A-\‑p-k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑q. C‑u k‑m-l-k‑n-I-X-b‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S k-´-X-k-l-N‑m-c‑nb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑p-¡-®³ A-_‑q-_-¡À l‑m-P‑n. H-c‑p ]‑m-S‑v t‑I-k‑p-I-f‑nÂ s‑I-«‑p-]‑n-W-ª‑n-c‑p-¶ I-S‑q-c‑n-s‑e s‑s‑SÂ ^‑m-Î-d‑n A-hÀ c->‑m-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑v. Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e‑w \‑n-b-a-b‑p-²‑w \-S-¯‑n F-Ã‑m t‑c-J-I-f‑p‑w i-c‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n C‑u-b‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v \-Ã h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v A-X‑v a-d‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-ä-X‑v. A-hÀ ]-¦‑p-I‑mc‑m-b‑n h‑m-§‑n-b X‑n-c‑p-s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑n-s‑e F-t‑Ì-ä‑p‑w t‑a-¸‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e F-t‑Ìä‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-k-¦‑oÀ-®-h‑p‑w t‑cJ-IÄ i-c‑n-b-Ã‑m-¯-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n-s‑\‑m-s‑¡ t‑c-J-If‑m-b‑n. K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e S‑o F-t‑Ì-ä‑p‑w ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑v a‑p-¡-®³ A-_‑q-_-¡À l‑m-P‑n‑, s‑s‑l-{‑Z‑p l‑m-P‑n‑, s‑I.-]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n‑, a-½‑n l‑m-P‑n‑, a-½‑p l‑m-P‑n‑, t‑I‑m-b‑, F‑w.-F.-b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¶‑m-b‑n-

c‑p-¶‑p. s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑p-h‑p‑w a‑p-l-½-Z‑p‑w s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑o-\‑p‑w s‑k-b‑v-X-e-h‑n l‑m-P‑nb‑p‑w h->‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑m-\‑p l‑m-P‑n-b‑p‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n A-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S I-S-¶‑ph-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w H-g‑n-ª‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-h-c‑p-a‑m-W‑v. I-¨-h-S-I‑m-c‑y-§Ä NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑m³ C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S I-e‑n-¡ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑v \-S-¡‑p‑w. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-k‑m-¶‑n²‑y-¯‑nÂ G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w K‑u-c-hX-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-§Ä NÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑p h-¶‑mÂ a‑p-¡-®³ A-_‑q-_-¡À l‑m-P‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w: "-A-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑I‑m-b‑m‑, F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v h‑n-j-b‑w ]-d-ª‑v A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w F-´‑m-s‑W¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑o-\‑m?' F‑w.-F.- C-§s‑\-b‑m-W‑v ]-d-ª-s‑X-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑mÂ D-S-s‑\ a‑p-¡-®-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w h-c‑p‑w: "F-¶‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ F‑w.-F.- ]-d-ª-X‑v t‑]‑ms‑e s‑N-¿-Ã‑m->‑v t‑h-s‑d F-´‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑m³-'. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S F‑w.F.-b‑p-s‑S A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A‑w-K‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v ]‑n-c‑n-b‑p‑w. A-_‑q-_-¡À l‑m-P‑n a-c‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w a-I³ \‑u-j‑m-Z‑v B-W‑v

C-¡‑m-c‑y-§Ä t‑\‑m-¡‑n-\-S-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. F-t‑Ì-ä‑v t‑I-k‑p-IÄ k‑w-_-Ô‑n¨‑p F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑m³ a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑mÂ h‑n-\-b‑m-\‑z‑n-X\‑m-b‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-W‑v: "-A-Ã t‑I‑m-b‑m-¡‑m‑, R‑m-\‑n-X‑n-\‑mb‑n-«‑v h-c-t‑W‑m? B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑m³ \‑n-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ D->-t‑Ã‑m. \‑n-§-f‑ps‑S G-X‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w R-§Ä-¡‑v k-½-X-a‑m-W‑v. F-s‑â h‑n-l‑n-X-h‑p‑w R‑m³ X-c‑p‑w. ]‑n-s‑¶ C-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n R‑m³ h-c-t‑W‑m?' h‑n-\-b‑w \‑u-j‑mZ‑n-s‑â a‑p-J-a‑p-{‑Z-b‑m-W‑v. F‑w.-F.I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ C-¶-s‑e h-s‑c \-S-¶ F-Ã‑m k‑p-J-Z‑p‑x-J-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w I-e‑y‑m-W‑,- a-c-W-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w \‑u-j‑mZ‑v k-P‑o-h-k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-a‑m-W‑v. _‑m-¸ X‑p-S-§‑n-s‑h-¨ _-Ô‑w C-¶‑p‑w a-¡f‑n-e‑q-s‑S k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p¶‑p. C-\‑n-b‑p‑w \‑o->-\‑mÄ \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v¡-s‑«. 1992Â i‑m-´‑n-F-t‑Ì-ä‑v h‑m-§‑n-b a‑p-X-e‑m-W‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e s‑I.-]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô‑w. F-t‑Ì-ä‑n-s‑e k‑m-[‑m-c-W s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n P‑o-h‑n-X‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b A-t‑±-l‑w ]-S‑n-]-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n h-fÀ-¶‑v

sI.kn. Ip-Spw-_ ]p-kvX-Iw Sn.]n.kn. ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_n-\v \Â-In {]-Imi-\w sN-¿p¶p. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.-F.C-§-s\-bmWv ]-d-ªsX-¶v Rm³ ]-d-ªmÂ D-S-s\ ap-¡®-sâ {]-XnI-c-Ww h-cpw: "F-¶mÂ ]n-s¶ Fw.-F.]-d-ª-Xv t]m-se sN-¿Ãm-@v th-sd F-´v B-temNn-¡m³-'.

C-¶‑v \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p a-X‑,- k-a‑p-Z‑m-b‑,-c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-t‑\-X‑m-h‑mb‑n- X‑oÀ-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. R-§-f‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w Ø‑n-c‑w B-{‑i-b-h‑p‑w A-¯‑m-W‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n‑, A-t‑±-l‑w. F‑w.-F.H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑mÂ s‑I.-]‑n.b‑p‑w‑, X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p‑w A-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-t‑¯ c->‑m-f‑p‑w A-S-§‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p-Å‑p. h‑o-S‑n-s‑â a‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e H‑m-^‑o-k‑v-d‑q‑w A-t‑±l-s‑¯ t‑X-S‑n-s‑b-¯‑p-¶ BÀ-¡‑p‑w 24 a-W‑n-¡‑q-d‑p‑w X‑p-d-¶‑n-S‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l‑w K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m a-e-b‑mf‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w G-I B-{‑i-b-a‑m-W‑v. A-¶‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w C-\‑n-s‑b-¶‑p‑w s‑I.-]‑n.s‑b ]‑n-´‑p-W-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑p‑w i-à‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑p‑w a-¡-f‑m-b k‑p-s‑s‑_-d‑p‑w _-j‑o-d‑p‑w a‑p-P‑o-_‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-¯-s‑¶-b‑p->‑v, \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑ps‑S B-{‑i-b-a‑m-b‑n. J‑n-b‑m-a‑w h-¶‑p X‑p-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w I-¿‑n-s‑e s‑N-S‑n \-S‑m³ I-e‑v-]‑n-¨ {‑]-h‑m-N-I-h-N-\-a‑m-W‑v F.-S‑n.-F-¨‑v. F-¶ N‑p-c‑p-¡-t‑¸-c‑n-e-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ s‑s‑l-{‑Z‑p l‑m-P‑ns‑b H‑mÀ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑]-c‑n-b t‑i‑m-e‑, N‑n-¶ a-e F-t‑Ì-ä‑p-I-f‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å F-Ã‑m _-Ô-§-f‑p‑w A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨ t‑i-j‑w a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑v A-e‑v-]‑w a‑p-¼‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v B-b‑n-j P‑z-Ã-d‑n‑, F.S‑n.-F-¨‑v. l‑nÂ s‑{‑]‑m-U‑y‑q-k‑v, F.-S‑n.-F-¨‑v. t‑Ì-j-\-d‑n F-¶‑n-h A-t‑±-l‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. `‑m-c‑y-t‑b‑m a-¡-t‑f‑m C-Ã‑m-¯ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-e-t‑i-j‑w k-t‑l‑m-Zc‑o-]‑p-{‑X-·‑m-c‑m-b K-^‑q-d‑p‑w k‑n-±‑o-J‑p‑w a‑m-\‑p-h‑p‑w A-h I‑q-S‑p-XÂ h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑m-b‑p‑w k-P‑o-h-a‑m-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ¯‑p-¶‑p. K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ b-X‑o‑w-J‑m-\ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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a‑p-J‑y-]-c‑n-e‑m-f-\‑m-h‑n-j-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ h-¶‑mÂ s‑s‑l-{‑Z‑p l‑m-P‑n-s‑b I‑m-W‑m-s‑X F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m‑, t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑p h-¶‑mÂ F‑w.-F.-s‑b I->‑p Z‑oÀ-L-t‑\-c‑w I‑p-i-e‑w ]-d-b‑ms‑X s‑s‑l-{‑Z‑p l‑m-P‑n-t‑b‑m a-S-§‑p-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-S-h-®-b‑n-s‑e a‑m-e-§‑m-S³ _‑o-c‑m³ l‑m-P‑n-b‑m-W‑v i‑m-´‑n-F-t‑Ìä‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v R-§Ä-¡‑v h‑n-h-c‑w X-¶-X‑p‑w I-¨-h-S‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶X‑p h-s‑c-b‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p‑w R-§-t‑f‑m-S‑v k-l-I-c‑n-¨-X‑p‑w. A-U‑z. t‑I‑m-i‑n t‑__‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v t‑_-_‑n-t‑¨-«-s‑â ]-¦‑p‑w a-l-¯-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. i‑m-´‑nb‑n-s‑e 16 G-¡-d‑nÂ A-X‑v h‑m-§‑n-b H-¶‑m-a-s‑¯ hÀ-j‑w X-s‑¶ N‑m-b \-«‑p ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v A-\‑n-b³ l‑p-s‑s‑k-s‑â I‑q-s‑S t‑_-_‑n-t‑¨-«³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑N-t‑¿->-s‑XÃ‑m‑w A-hÀ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p X‑oÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑m-¦‑m-h‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a-c-¡-¨-h-S‑m-hi‑y-¯‑n-\‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯‑n A-h‑n-s‑S a-c-a‑nÂ Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑p Ø‑n-c-X‑m-a-ka‑m-¡‑n-b A-\-t‑´-«-s‑\ a-d-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑n-Ã. k‑z-´‑w h‑o-S‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-S‑v R-§Ä¡‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ X‑m-ak‑n-¨-X‑p‑w A-h‑n-S-¶‑v k‑z‑m-Z‑n-ã-a‑m-b `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¨-X‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w \-µ‑n]‑qÀ-Æ‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑m-X-e-¯‑v A-_‑q-_-¡-d‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S-¡‑m-«‑v A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m-s‑\-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑n-s‑e \-S‑p-¡->-¯‑nÂ A-Ð‑p-dl‑v-a‑m-s‑\-b‑p‑w (F³.-s‑I.-I‑m-¡‑) I-¡‑m-S‑n-s‑e ]‑m-d a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w a‑p-¡-s‑¯ d‑w-k‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e s‑I.-k‑n. \-P‑o-_‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w d‑n-b‑m-k‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑m-s‑X i‑m-´‑nF-t‑Ì-ä‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å H‑mÀ-½-IÄ¡‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑o-I-c-W‑w D->m-h‑n-Ã. "-B-S‑v-t‑X-¡‑v-a‑m-©‑n-b‑w'‑, ‑"-s‑_-b‑v c‑m-P‑m s‑_-b‑v-' H-c‑p t‑h-f t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-

s‑â A-e-s‑b‑m-e‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-S‑v C-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n¨‑p-Å A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w B-c‑m-ªt‑¸‑mÄ I‑n-«‑n-b a-d‑p-]-S‑n h-f-s‑c I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-C-´‑y‑m-a-l‑mc‑m-P‑y-¯‑v a‑m-\‑w-a-c‑y‑m-Z-b‑v-¡‑v I-¨-h-S‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v H-c‑mÄ-¡‑p‑w ]-¯‑v i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑nÂ I‑q-S‑pXÂ e‑m-`-a‑p->‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑nb‑n-Ã. A-X‑nÂ-I‑q-S‑p-XÂ B-c‑v H‑m-^À s‑N-b‑v-X‑m-e‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä \-¶‑m-b‑n ]T‑n-¡-W‑w. B-Z‑y-a‑mZ‑y‑w \‑n-§Ä a‑p-S-¡‑p-¶ a‑p-X-e‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v a‑m-k‑m-a‑m-k‑w‑, \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨ e‑m-`‑w X-c‑p‑w. A-X‑n\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-s‑X‑, X‑n-I-b‑m-s‑X h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ a‑p-§‑p‑w‑, s‑]‑m-f‑n-b‑p‑w. a‑p-XÂ ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑p‑w \-ã-a‑mb‑n-«‑p->‑m-h‑p‑w A-t‑¸‑m-g-t‑¯-¡‑v.' b-Y‑mÀ-°-¯‑nÂ‑, A-h s‑]‑m-f‑nª-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑w-`-h‑n-¨-X‑p‑w A-X‑p X-s‑¶. _‑m-²‑y-X-s‑¸-«-X‑v \‑n-Ý‑n-X-k-ab-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑v X-s‑¶ _-Ô-s‑¸«-hÀ-s‑¡-¯‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å h‑y-{‑K-X‑, X-\‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑v _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-s‑X ]-c-a‑m-h-[‑n k-a-b‑w A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-h-s‑â {‑]-b‑m-k‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-{‑X e-L‑q-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å {‑i-²‑,F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-XI-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡. H-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑v X-s‑â I‑o-g‑nÂ I‑q-¸‑nt‑e‑m F-s‑Ì-b‑v-ä‑n-t‑e‑m s‑s‑k-ä‑v k‑q-{‑]-s‑s‑h-k-t‑d‑m‑, K‑p-a-Ø-t‑\‑m‑, t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n-t‑b‑m B-b‑n t‑P‑m-e‑n s‑Nb‑v-X-hÀ \‑o->-hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w k‑z-{‑]-b-X‑v-\-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑St‑b‑m a-¡-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-t‑b‑m A-h-c‑p-s‑S `‑u-X‑n-I-k‑m-l-N-c‑y-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w a‑md‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑>-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S Z‑r-ã‑n-b‑nÂ A-hÀ ]-g-b t‑a-k‑v{‑X‑n-a‑m-c‑p‑w k‑q-{‑]-s‑s‑h-kÀ-a‑m-c‑p‑w X-s‑¶. t‑c‑m-K‑, a-c-W‑, I-e‑y‑m-W t‑h-f-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w F‑w.-F. I‑r-X‑ya‑m-b‑n s‑N-¶‑p-I->‑p‑, ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑p‑,

s‑s‑I-a-S-¡‑n k-t‑´‑m-j‑n-t‑¨ a-S§‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑p. A-h X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p a-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p ]-I-c‑w k-t‑´‑mj-t‑¯‑m-s‑S A-X‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑nÂ A-hÀ H-c‑p-X-c‑w B-ß-k‑wX‑r-]‑v-X‑n-b‑p‑w I-s‑>¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-s‑S b‑m-{‑X-s‑N-¿-e‑p‑w ]-W-a‑nS-]‑m-S‑v \-S-¯-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v H-c‑m-s‑f-¡‑pd‑n-¨‑p h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯Â i-c‑n-b‑m-h‑m\‑p-Å c>‑p a‑mÀ-¤-§Ä. c->‑p \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p‑w C-S-s‑]-S‑m³ \‑n-c-h-[‑n A-h-k-c-§Ä F-\‑n-¡‑p-->‑m-b‑n«‑p->‑v. X-\‑n-¡‑p t‑h->‑n H-c‑m-f‑p‑w _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«-c‑p-X‑v, {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S-c‑p-X‑v F-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \‑nÀ-_-Ôa‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p t‑k-h-\-h‑p‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n¡‑m-\‑p-Å P‑m-{‑K-X-b‑p‑w. a-ä‑p-Åh-c‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y-§Ä a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n I->-d‑n-ª‑p \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ _-²-{‑i-²-\‑p‑w. P‑oh‑n-X‑m-´‑y‑w h-s‑c C-¡‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ IÀ-¡-i-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-F. ]‑p-X‑p-a-X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ a-¡-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-c‑pa-¡-f‑n-e‑p‑w N‑n-e-c‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ B-I‑r-ã-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X‑m-a-k‑w-h‑n\‑m I‑m-c‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n A-hÀ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑p. A-hÀ A-t‑§‑m-«‑v s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n-¨‑v H-¶‑p‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.b‑nÂ A-hÀ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I `‑m-h-a‑m-ä-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w I->‑n-Ã. A-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p¯-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y¯‑nÂ-s‑¸-«-X‑m-W‑v F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v. "-R‑m³ X‑n-I-ª \‑n-c‑o-i‑z-c-h‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑nÀ-½X-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑nÂ s‑s‑Z-hh‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w Z‑o-\‑o-N‑n-«-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w D->‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v F-s‑â a‑u-e-h‑na‑m-c‑m-W‑v. A-X‑nÂ F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑X-ä‑p-s‑>-¦‑nÂ F-s‑¶ h-g‑n-s‑Xä‑n-¨ A-hÀ-¡‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-s‑â D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯‑w. F-\‑n-¡-Ã‑, I‑m-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sIm-Spw-X-Wp¸n-epw- ]m-Xn-c I-gn-ªp aq-¶p a-Wn-¡p ti-jw D-WÀs¶-Wo-äp hn-d-¨p sIm@v X-l-Öp-Zv \-a-kv-¡-cn-¨p {]mÀ-°n-¡p-¶ Fw.-F.bp-sS Nn-{Xw C-¶pw a-\-ÊnÂ k-Po-h-am-Wv.

c-W‑w B h‑n-j-b-¯‑nÂ R‑m³ P‑m-l‑n-e‑m-W‑v.' C-§-s‑\ ]-d-ª‑p s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v ]‑p-X‑p-a-X-¯‑n-t‑e¡‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S a‑m-ä-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v F-s‑â t‑N‑mZ‑y-¯‑n-\‑v F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S a-d‑p-]-S‑n. "-C-h-c‑m-W‑v R-§-s‑f ]‑n-g-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. C-hÀ-¡‑v C-c-«‑n i‑n-£ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w-' -F-¶‑v h-g‑n-]‑n-g-¸‑n-¡s‑¸-«-hÀ h-g‑n-]‑n-g-¸‑n-¨-h-s‑c N‑q->‑n ]-c-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v s‑h-¨‑v A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â a‑p-¼‑nÂ \‑n-c-]-c‑m-[‑n-X‑z‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-hÀ¡‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-¶ a-d‑p-]-S‑n‑, "-F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w (]‑n-g-¨hÀ-¡‑p‑w ]‑n-g-¸‑n-¨-hÀ-¡‑p‑w‑) C-c-«‑n i‑n-£ X-s‑¶b‑m-W‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-I-' -F-¶ J‑pÀ-B-\‑n-s‑â [‑z-\‑n R‑m³ D-²-c‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ "-F-¶‑mÂ a‑u-e-h‑n-a‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡-W‑w-' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S a-d‑p]-S‑n. ]‑p-X‑p-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F‑w.-F.s‑b X‑nc‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑p h-c‑p-h‑m³ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w R-§-f‑nÂ ]-e-c‑p‑w {‑i-a‑n-s‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑¸‑m-s‑g-Ã‑m‑w a‑u-e-h‑n-a‑ms‑c `‑m-c-t‑a-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑p c-£-s‑¸-S‑m-\‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑y-{‑KX-b‑p-Å-X‑m-b‑n ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w A-¶‑v A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-«‑n«‑p->‑v. A-Æ‑n-j-b-I-a‑m-b‑n c-£-s‑¸-S‑m³ ]-ä‑m-¯‑, D‑u-c‑n-t‑¸‑m-c‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯‑, F-t‑´‑m H-c‑p h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑w k-aÀ-°-\‑m-b F‑w.-F.s‑b ]‑n-S‑n-I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F-¶‑m-W‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b-X‑v. ]-e {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-L-«-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w F‑w.F.¡‑v I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-t‑h->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. H-¶‑m‑w `‑m-c‑y B-k‑y-¯‑m-¯-b‑p-s‑S \‑n-c‑y‑m-W‑w‑, a‑q-¯ a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑n-s‑â A-I‑m-e-t‑hÀ-]‑m-S‑v, a-I-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑v k‑n-±‑o-J‑n-s‑â A-]-I-S-a-c-W‑w‑, A-\‑p-P³ l‑p-s‑s‑k-s‑â s‑]-s‑«-¶‑p-Å \‑n-c‑y‑m-W‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h. F‑w.-F.s‑b F-§‑n-s‑\ A-`‑n-a‑p-J‑oI-c‑n-¡‑p‑w‑, k-a‑m-[‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶‑v {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸«‑p s‑N-¶‑v-I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑m-s‑g‑m-s‑¡ s‑N-Ã‑p-¶ \-s‑½ ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S I‑m-W‑m-\‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p k-a‑m-[‑m-\‑n¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w F‑w.-F. I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ BÀ-Ö-h‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Z‑n-\-N-c‑y-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w a‑m-ä‑w h-c‑p-¯‑m-s‑X F-Ã‑m‑w ]-X‑n-h‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e-. K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w D‑u-«‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w I‑q-¶‑q-c‑n-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w c‑m-¸‑mÀ-t‑¡->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-s‑e s‑I‑m-S‑p‑w-X-W‑p-¸‑ne‑p‑w- ]‑m-X‑n-c I-g‑n-ª‑p a‑q-¶‑p a-W‑n-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w D-WÀ-s‑¶-W‑o-ä‑p h‑n-d-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v X-l-Ö‑p-Z‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¨‑p {‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¡‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.b‑p-s‑S N‑n{‑X‑w C-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ k-P‑o-h-a‑m-W‑v. b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ H‑m-S‑p-¶ I‑m-d‑n-e‑p‑w h->‑n-b‑n-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w \-a-k‑v-¡‑mFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

c‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ _-²-{‑i-²-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. F‑w.-F. ]‑p-X‑p-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑n-t‑e¡‑v a‑m-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ B-i-b-]-c-a‑mb‑n A-X‑n-s‑\ G-ä-h‑p‑w i-à-a‑m-b‑n t‑\-c‑n-«-X‑v c->‑p _‑m-¸-a‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S _‑m-¸-b‑p‑w F-s‑â _‑m-¸-b‑p‑w. F-S-h-® A-e-h‑n a‑ue-h‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w A-c‑o-t‑¡‑m-s‑« s‑s‑i-J‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S I‑q-«‑n s‑X-¿-¯‑p‑w I-S-h‑v a‑m-«‑n-t‑·Â H-c‑m-g‑v-N \‑o->‑p \‑n-¶ h-A-f‑p ]-c-¼-c \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v _‑m-¸-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. {‑]-h‑m-N-I-I‑m-e-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑nÂ t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-s‑¸-« a‑p-_‑m-l-e-b‑p-s‑S k‑w-L‑m-S-\-¯‑n-e‑p‑w _‑m-¸ D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-S-¡‑m-e-¯‑v s‑N-d‑n-b a‑m-µ‑y-¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w B {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w h‑o->‑p‑w k-P‑o-h-a‑m-h‑p-Ib‑m-t‑W‑m F-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ ‑"-J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-k-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-c‑p-IÄ-‑' F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w F-g‑p-X‑n A-X‑n-s‑â X-\‑n-\‑n-d‑w a‑m-t‑e‑m-I-s‑c A-d‑n-b‑n-¨X‑p‑w _‑m-¸ X-s‑¶. F-¶‑mÂ ]‑p-X‑n-b a-X-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v a‑m-d‑n-b t‑i-j‑w B I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ B-Z‑y‑w \-S-¶ I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n-\‑v ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡-W-t‑a‑m _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c‑n-¡-Wt‑a‑m F-¶‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ \-S-¶ NÀ-¨-b‑nÂ‑, "-H-c‑p I‑m-c-W-h-i‑m-e‑p‑w _-l‑n-j‑v-¡-c‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v, a-d‑n-¨‑v k-P‑o-ha‑m-b‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¡-W‑w‑, B-i-b-s‑¯ B-i-b-]-c-a‑m-b‑n X-s‑¶ t‑\-c‑n-S‑m‑w‑, F-¶‑mÂ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-_-Ô‑w ]‑m-h-\a‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯-W‑w‑, H-c‑p I‑m-c-Wh-i‑m-e‑p‑w a‑p-d‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v-' -F-¶‑v X‑p-d-¶ \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑v {‑]-J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨-X‑p‑w \-S-¸‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑p‑w _‑m-¸ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. B I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑nÂ ]-s‑¦-S‑p¯-X‑v, C-¯-c‑w H-c‑p NÀ-¨-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\¯‑n-e‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v C-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ½-b‑n-e‑p->‑v.

| 148

Hcp cq] tImbv³ I¿n-ep-s@-¦nÂ F{X tImSn-bpsS I¨-h-Shpw \S-¯m-\pÅ Bss-ss[-cyhpw B cq] tImbv\nÂ hnizm-k-aÀ¸n-¡p¶, hnev¡p¶ BfpsS Fw.-F.bn-epÅ hnizm-khpw At±-l-¯nsâ kXy-k-Ô-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-Wv. Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc GtXm Hcp I®qÀ¡m-c³ 'ap¡-®³' Ct±-l-¯nsâ t^m¬tImÄ ]mÀ«vWÀ Bbn XpSÀ¶Xpw B hnizm-ky-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-am-Wv.

Fw.-F. F-¶ hn-kv-a-bw

-c‑p {‑K‑m-a-¯‑n-s‑e J-_ÀØ‑m³ k-µÀ-i‑n-¨ k‑q-^‑n ]-d-ª H-c‑p I-Y-b‑p->‑v. \‑q-d‑p-hÀj‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨ H-c‑m-f‑p-t‑S-X‑v J-_‑vd‑n-t‑·Â A-S-b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑nc‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v s‑h-d‑p‑w 15 hÀ-j‑w. a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h->‑n H-c‑mÄ F-{‑X-hÀ-j‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p F-¶-X‑v a‑m{‑X-t‑a A-S-b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑p. _‑m-¡‑n A-b‑mÄ k‑z-´-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p-X‑oÀ-¯-X‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X‑w A-S-b‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I F-¶-X‑v A-{‑X F-f‑p-¸-a-Ã. \-a‑p¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F-{‑X-t‑b‑m t‑]À a-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-X‑nÂ F-{‑Xt‑]-s‑c \‑m‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p-? P‑o-h‑n-¨ I‑m-e-¯‑v s‑N-b‑v-X \-Ã-t‑X‑m N‑o-¯t‑b‑m B-b {‑]-h‑r-¯‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v H-c‑ms‑f I‑m-e-§-t‑f‑m-f‑w H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ \‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. \-Ã H‑mÀ-½-IÄ A-b-h‑n-d-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯ X-e-a‑pd-b‑v-¡‑v ]-IÀ-¯‑p-h‑m-\‑p-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I H-c‑p-¡‑p-¶X‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. F-¶ a-l‑m-s‑â {‑]-k-à‑n-b‑p‑w. H-c‑n-¡Â H-c‑p I-e‑y‑m-W-k-ZÊ‑nÂ H-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¶-S-t‑¯-¡‑v

F-s‑¶ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v A-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. A-t‑±-l-t‑¯‑m-S‑v h-f-s‑c _-l‑p-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w B-Z-c-h‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-\-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ F-s‑â s‑N-d‑p¸-I‑m-e-¯‑v R‑m³ a‑p-¶‑n-e‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ a-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â I-¨-h-S-I‑m-c‑y§Ä h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-d‑n-ªX‑p‑w I‑p-s‑d \‑nÀ-t‑±-i-§Ä X-¶X‑p‑w h‑y-à-a‑m-b‑n H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-e‑p->‑v. {‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑n-b-h-t‑c‑mS‑v I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ C‑u X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w A-t‑±-l-t‑¯‑m-S‑p-Å F-s‑â _-l‑pa‑m-\‑w h-Ã‑m-s‑X hÀ-²‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. ]-¶‑o-S‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w C-§-s‑\ k‑v-t‑\-l-{‑]I-S-\-§Ä I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S I‑z‑m-f‑n-ä‑ns‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ {‑i-²‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. H-c‑p c‑q-] t‑I‑m-b‑v³ I-¿‑n-e‑ps‑>-¦‑nÂ F-{‑X t‑I‑m-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S I-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w \-S-¯‑m-\‑p-Å B-ßs‑s‑[-c‑y-h‑p‑w B c‑q-] t‑I‑m-b‑v-\‑nÂ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-aÀ-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ B-f‑p-s‑S F‑w.-F.-b‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-i‑z‑m-kh‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-X‑y-k-Ô-Xb‑p-s‑S A-S-b‑m-f-a‑m-W‑v. A-U‑z‑m³-k‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p I-g‑n-ª‑mÂ a‑q-t‑¶‑m \‑m-t‑e‑m t‑^‑m¬-t‑I‑m-f‑nÂ B k‑w-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 149

sI.-kn.-kn. lp-ssk³ A-½mh-sâ aI³. hm-Zn d-lv-a K-thÀ-Wn-Mv t_m-Un sN-bÀ-am³

J‑y A-t‑±-l‑w X-c-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m ]‑mÀ-«‑v-WÀ-a‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑^‑m¬ t‑I‑mÄ a-X‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v H-c‑p s‑N-d‑n-b I‑m-c‑y-a-Ã. P‑oh‑n-X‑m-h-k‑m-\‑w h-s‑c G-t‑X‑m H-c‑p I-®‑qÀ¡‑m-c³ ‑"-a‑p-¡-®³-' C-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑^‑m¬t‑I‑mÄ ]‑mÀ-«‑v-WÀ B-b‑n X‑p-SÀ-¶-X‑p‑w B h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-X-b‑p-s‑S A-S-b‑m-f-a‑m-W‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â H-c‑p s‑{‑S-b‑n³-b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ a‑p¼‑n-e‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p X-e-t‑È-c‑n-¡‑m-c-s‑\ ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-« A-\‑p-`-h‑w I‑q-S‑n I‑q-«-¯‑nÂ H‑mÀ-¡-s‑«. t‑{‑i-b-Ê‑v-s‑S-I‑v-s‑s‑ÌÂ-k‑v D-S-ab‑m-b A-t‑±-l‑w A-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑m-b‑n-¨ ]‑p-k‑vX-I-¯‑n-s‑e N‑n-e I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑p. ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-j‑n-¸‑v _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v \-S-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-a‑mÀ A-h-c‑p-s‑S a-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑v X-s‑â ]‑mÀ-S‑v-W-s‑d-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \-Ã-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a ]-d-ª‑ps‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-h‑q F-¶‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \-½‑p-s‑S ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ B-b-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v \-a‑p-¡‑v C-X‑v `‑w-K‑n-b‑m-b‑n \-S-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑p‑w \‑n-c-´-c‑w H‑mÀ-½-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mg‑m-W‑v C-s‑X-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X‑w i-c‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v t‑_‑m[‑y-s‑¸-«-X‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-I‑m-e‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ ]-e-s‑c-b‑p‑w ]‑mÀS‑v-W-d‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m->‑p-\-S-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v X‑oÀ¯‑p‑w A-k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-W‑v. C-X‑v k‑m-[‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p a‑m-l‑m-ß‑y‑w. ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-j‑n-¸‑p-IÄ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]‑n-c‑n-t‑b->‑n h-c‑p‑w. k‑m-[‑m-c-W \‑m‑w I->‑p-h-c‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v s‑X-ä‑n-¸‑n-c‑n-b-e‑m-W‑v; a-[‑y-ØÀ C-S-s‑]-«‑v {‑]-i‑v\‑w X‑oÀ-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑mÂ s‑X-ä‑m-s‑X \-Ã k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑m-b‑n X-s‑¶ ]‑n-c‑n-b‑m³ \-a‑p-¡‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡-W‑w. F‑w.-F. a‑p³-s‑s‑I-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b H-c‑p I-¼-\‑n A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, s‑jbÀ F-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑mÄ k‑w-J‑y h‑m-§‑m³ h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑n-\‑mÂ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ h‑o->‑p‑w h‑o->‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v B k‑w-J‑y h‑m-§‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑nÂ R‑m-\‑p‑w k‑m-£‑n-b‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. Positive thinkings‑â G-ä-h‑p‑w \-Ã D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â B-ß-s‑s‑[-c‑y‑w k-½-X‑n-t‑¨ a-X‑n-b‑m-h‑q. I‑me‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑Ì‑m-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w H-ä t‑\‑m-«-¯‑nÂ h‑n-e-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n h‑n-e ]-d-ª s‑s‑[-c‑y-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-d-ª‑p t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. \‑q-d‑p-i-X-a‑m-\‑w ¢‑n-bÀ A-Ã‑m-¯ h-e‑n-b Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

H-c‑p I‑m-¸‑n-t‑¯‑m-«‑w A-bÂ-k‑w-Ø‑m-\¯‑v h‑m-§‑m³ I‑m-W‑n-¨-X‑p‑w BÀ-Ö-h‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡-b‑p-]-c‑n C‑u k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ X-s‑â a-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w _-Ô‑p-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑m-s‑c-b‑ps‑a‑m-s‑¡ I‑q-s‑S-¡‑q-«‑p-¶-X‑v A-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ X-s‑â I‑q-s‑S c-£-s‑¸-«‑p I‑m-W‑m-\‑p-Å H-t‑c-s‑b‑m-c‑p X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w s‑I‑m->‑m-W‑v. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-`‑y‑p-Z-b-I‑m‑w-£‑n-b‑m-h‑pI-s‑b-¶-X‑p‑w h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑p-Å-hÀ-t‑¡ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑q. X-s‑â a-¡-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ s‑F-i‑z-c‑yt‑¯‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p-I‑m-W‑m³ F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w B-{‑K-l‑w I‑m-W‑p‑w. P‑o-h‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ X-s‑¶ k‑z-¯‑v \-e‑v-I‑n A-X‑v I¬-I‑pf‑pÀ-s‑¡ I‑m-W‑m³ s‑s‑[-c‑y‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨-X‑p‑w F‑w.-F. X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. Z‑m-\-[À-½-§-f‑nÂ B-k‑z‑m-Z-\‑w I-s‑>-¯‑p-¶ A-]‑qÀ-Æ-c‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F. a‑p¶‑n-e‑m-W‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S k‑w-J‑y F-¯‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p¶-X‑v a-\‑w-\‑n-d-ª‑m-k‑z-Z‑n-¨ h‑y-à‑n-b‑mW‑v F‑w.-F. A-X‑v k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑v F‑w.-F. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-s‑b-¶-d‑n-b‑p-t‑¼‑mg‑p-Å k-t‑´‑m-j-h‑p‑w t‑\-c‑nÂ I->‑n-«‑p->‑v. a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S a-l¯‑z-§Ä F-S‑p-¯‑p-]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑nÂ N‑n-e D-t‑±-i‑y-§f‑p->‑v. ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-d C‑u \-·-IÄ ]-IÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ C-X‑p‑w ]‑m-g‑v-h‑m-¡‑pI-f‑m-h‑p‑w. \‑y‑q P-\-t‑d-j³ B-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¯‑n-s‑e a‑p-g‑p-h³ k‑w-c‑w-`-I-c‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S kÂ-k‑z-`‑m-h-§Ä P‑o-h‑n-X¯‑nÂ ]-IÀ-¯-s‑«: 1. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-X‑, ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-a‑m-c‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p‑w. 2. s‑]‑m-k‑n-ä‑o-h‑v X‑n-¦‑n‑w-K‑v 3. a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ I‑q-S‑n X-s‑â I‑q-s‑S h-f-cW-s‑a-¶ B-{‑K-l‑w. 4. ]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-s‑f A-h-k‑m-\‑w h-s‑c I‑qs‑S s‑I‑m->‑p-\-S-¡‑m-\‑p-Å {‑i-². 5. F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-e‑p-a‑p-]-c‑n‑, {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¶h-s‑c A-t‑§‑m-«‑p s‑N-¶‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v B-k‑z-Z‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑p-Å a-\Ê‑v h-fÀ-¯Â. {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S.

| 150

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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C-¡m-¡ ssI-]n-Sn-¨v \-S-¯n-b Po-hn-Xw

Fw.-F. eh¡p«n A-\n-b³ hy-h-kmbn.

1960

I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v a‑p-¡‑w k‑v-I‑q-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]-¯‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v. B I‑m-e-s‑¯ h-e‑n-b U‑n-{‑K‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-¯‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v. A-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w B-f‑p-IÄ a‑m-{‑X-t‑a X‑p-SÀ]T-\-¯‑n-\‑v t‑]‑mI‑m-d‑p-Åq. Z‑q-s‑c-b‑p-Å t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑p-I-f‑nÂ A-U‑v-a‑n-j³ e-`‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w t‑]‑mb‑n-h-c-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w h-e‑n-b ]‑m-S‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B I‑m-e-a‑m-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g¡‑p‑w h-Ã‑y-I‑m-¡ a-c-¡-¨-h-S-h‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-h‑p‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-¯‑m‑w ¢‑m-k‑v I-g‑n-ª‑v C-\‑n F-´‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n F-¶ I‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v h-Ã ]-W‑n-¡‑p‑w t‑]‑m-W‑w F-¶‑v D-¯-c‑w ]-d-b‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑v c-ï‑v h-«‑w B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-t‑¡-ï‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. I-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e ]‑p-f‑n‑§‑w F-¶ Ø-e-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-¡‑m-¡ B I‑m-e¯‑v I‑q-¸‑v \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. ]‑p-f‑n-t‑§‑m-t‑¯-¡‑p-Å B-Z‑y-b‑m-{‑X C-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ a‑m-b‑m-s‑X-b‑p-ï‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-b‑m-{‑X-s‑b h-g‑n-X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h‑n-« b‑m-{‑Xb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. ]‑p-f‑n-t‑§‑m-¯‑v A-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p‑w I‑p-s‑d \-S-¶‑v t‑h-W‑w I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e-¯‑m³ I‑m-«‑n-e‑q-s‑S I‑p-d-¨‑v \-S-¶-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑v I‑m-e‑nÂ A-«-IÄ I-b-d‑n-I‑q-S‑n X‑p-S-§‑n. C-¡‑m-¡ X-s‑¶ H‑m-t‑c‑m A-«-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑m-e‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]-d‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑v s‑s‑I-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¨‑p. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v c-ï‑v hÀ-j-t‑¯‑m-f‑w ]‑p-f‑n-t‑§‑m-¯‑v I‑q-¸‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p. a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑n-s‑â H‑m-t‑c‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑p-X-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S ]-e I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑ I-¨-h-S-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S I‑q-«‑n. R-§Ä A-\‑n-b-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w s‑]-§-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ H-c‑p s‑s‑I-¯‑m-§‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h-Ã‑y-I‑m-¡. H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I-g‑n-h‑p‑w X‑m-e‑v]-c‑y-h‑p‑w B-h-i‑y-h‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑v A-hÀ-¡‑v t‑h-ï-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w k-a-b‑m-ka-b-§-f‑nÂ A-h-k‑m-\ i‑z‑m-k‑w h-s‑c C-¡‑m-¡ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-X-¶‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 153

]W-hp-ambn sN¶-t¸mÄ lÖp½ tNmZn¨p: "apl-½-Zns\ Ign-ªmgvN I@n-ÃtÃm?" IÃm-bnÂ \n¶v ]Ww In«m-ª-Xn-\m-emWv hcm-Xn-cp¶Xv F¶ adp-]Sn tI«t¸mÄ lÖp½ ]d-ªp: "apl-½-Zn-t\mSv BcmWv ]Ww tNmZn-¨-Xv? \o Akokv apkveym-cpsS aI-\m-Wv. ]Ww CsÃ-¦nepw Rmb-dmgvN ChnsS hcWw."

Zn-im-t_m-[w \-ev-In-b amÀ-¤-ZÀ-in

s‑h Fw.-F. A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ A-\n-b³. t‑I-c-f a‑n-\‑n-a‑w s‑h-b‑vP-k‑v A-s‑s‑U‑z-k-d‑n t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v s‑a‑w-_À‑, C.-F-k‑v.s‑F. t‑I‑mÀ]-t‑d-j³ H‑m-^‑v C³-U‑y-b‑p-s‑S t‑I-c-f d‑o-P‑y-\Â t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v s‑a‑w-_À‑, H‑mÄ t‑I-c-f s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-Nt‑d-g‑v-k‑v s‑^-U-t‑d-j³ s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n.

-d‑p‑w H-c‑p- t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, P‑o-h‑n-X-]‑pt‑c‑m-K-X‑n-b‑nÂ H-c‑p a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-i‑n I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-\‑n-s‑¡-s‑â h-e‑n-b k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v. F-¶‑nÂ Z‑n-i‑m-t‑_‑m-[‑w h-fÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n\‑p‑w t‑\-X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n-\‑p-a‑p-Å ]-¦‑v H-«‑p‑w s‑N-d‑p-X-Ã. P‑o-h‑n-X-h-g‑n-b‑nÂ ]‑p-t‑c‑m-K-X‑n B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-s‑X‑m-c‑mÄ-¡‑p‑w A-X‑y‑m-h-i‑y‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑n-t‑¡-> N‑n-e K‑p-W-§-f‑p->‑v: Z‑oÀ-Lh‑o-£-W‑w‑, {‑I‑m-´-ZÀ-i‑n-X‑z‑w‑, Ø‑n-t‑c‑m-Õ‑m-l‑w‑, I‑r-X‑y-\‑n-j‑vT‑, i‑p-`‑m-]‑v-X‑n-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-b-h. C‑u K‑p-W-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑v P-·-k‑n-²-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-S‑m-s‑X -k‑v-t‑\-l‑w‑, A-\‑p-I-¼‑, k-l‑n-j-‑vW‑p-X‑, h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N a‑p-Xe‑m-b-h-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w a‑p³-]´‑n-b‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ \‑n-e-s‑I‑m->‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â Z‑m-\-i‑o-e‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w F-S‑p-¯‑p-]-d-t‑b->X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. h‑y-à‑n-I-s‑f a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, \‑n-c-h-[‑n Ø‑m-]-\§-s‑f-b‑p‑w D-Z‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n k-l‑mFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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b‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. A-l-¦‑m-c‑w‑, s‑h-d‑p-¸‑v, h‑n-t‑Z‑zj‑w‑, ]-I F-¶‑o Z‑pÀ-K‑p-W-§Ä A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ X‑o->‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w h‑n-h‑n-[ h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑a-J-e-I-f‑nÂ {‑]-t‑hi‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w A-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m-¶‑p‑w I‑m-e‑m-\‑p-k‑r-X-a‑m-b‑n A-`‑n-h‑r-²‑ns‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ k-l‑m-b‑n-¨-X‑v. R-§Ä k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑nÂ t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â I‑q-s‑S‑, _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-a‑mb‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v, I‑q-S‑p-XÂ I‑m-e‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ X-s‑¶b‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ t‑a-e‑v-]-d-ª k‑z-`‑m-h-K‑p-W-§Ä t‑\-c‑nÂ I->‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m\‑p‑w I‑p-s‑d-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nt‑e-¡‑v ]-IÀ-¯‑m-\‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p->‑v. 1962e‑m-W‑v I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e a-c-¸-W‑nX‑p-S-§‑p-¶-X‑v. 1970 a‑p-XÂ R‑m³ I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a c‑q-£-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑v H-c-‑p ]-c‑n-[‑n h-s‑c ]-c‑nl‑m-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e ]-W‑n.

\‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X s‑X-¡‑p-h-S-¡‑v \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ ]-e-c‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑p I-b-d‑n. N‑n-eÀ A-h‑n-s‑S t‑d‑m-U‑p-s‑h-«‑p-¶ ]-W‑n-b‑n-t‑eÀs‑¸-«‑p. t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑nÂ a-c‑w I-b-ä‑m-\‑p‑w C-d-¡‑m-\‑p‑w I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-hÀ t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑pI‑m-c‑m-b‑n. D‑u-«‑p-]‑p-c-b‑nÂ ]‑m-N-I-¯‑nÂ GÀ-s‑¸-«‑p a-ä‑p N‑n-eÀ. a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶h-c‑p‑w A-f-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p‑w I-W-s‑¡-g‑p-X‑p¶-h-c‑p‑w t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n-a‑m-c‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-. B-\b‑p‑w B-\-¡‑m-c‑p‑w A-W‑n-\‑n-c-¶‑p. N‑n-eÀ s‑s‑{‑U-h‑n‑w-K‑v ]T‑n-¨‑v t‑e‑m-d‑n-s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ-a‑mc‑m-b‑n. a-ä‑p-N‑n-eÀ A-X‑n-s‑e ¢‑o-\À-a‑m-c‑mb‑n. H-c‑p t‑e‑m-d‑n-s‑b N‑p-ä‑n-¸-ä‑n \‑m-e‑p‑w A-©‑p‑w s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ-a‑m-c‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w A-¡‑me-¯‑v. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-b‑v-a X-s‑¶ I‑mc-W‑w. H-c‑mÄ C-d-§‑n-b‑n-«‑p t‑h-W‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑mÄ-¡‑v I-b-d‑m³. (C-¶‑v t‑e‑m-d‑n cs>-®-a‑p->‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ H-c‑mt‑f I‑m-W‑q.‑) ]-W‑n I‑n-«‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w I‑m-¯‑p I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-hÀ N‑n-e I‑p-k‑r-X‑nI-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ H-¸‑n-¡‑p‑w. H-c‑mÄ H-g‑n-ª‑p-

I‑n-«‑n-b‑mÂ A-{‑X-b‑p‑w A-h-k-c‑w I‑q-S‑p-a-t‑Ã‑m. s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e a-c‑w I-Ã‑m-b‑nÂ C-d¡‑n t‑e‑m-d‑n-IÄ I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶X‑v a-®‑mÀ-¡‑m-S‑v h-g‑n-b‑m-W‑v. t‑d‑m-U‑v k‑u-I-c‑y‑w I-W-¡‑n-s‑e-S‑p-¯‑v X‑r-i‑qÀ h-g‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-hc‑p-a‑p->‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v N‑n-eÀ I‑p-k‑r-X‑n-¸-W‑n H-¸‑n-¡‑p-I. X‑r-i‑qÀ h-g‑n t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v ‑"-t‑I‑mÂa-c‑w I-b-ä‑m-‑'\‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v, I‑q-e‑n- h‑m-§‑m-\‑m-b‑n H‑m-^‑o-k‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, A-hÀ t‑P‑y-j‑vT-t‑\‑m-S‑v G-j-W‑n ]-d-b‑p‑w. I‑m-e‑n-b‑m-b‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑mI‑p-¶ h->‑n-b‑nÂ h-g‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F-s‑´-¦‑ne‑p‑w N‑n-Ã-d N-c-¡‑p-IÄ I-b-ä‑n- D-±‑n-j‑v-S-Ø‑m\-¯‑v C-d-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¯‑mÂ s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ-¡‑p‑w ¢‑o-\À-¡‑p‑w N‑m-b-s‑s‑¸-k I‑n-«‑p‑w. C-X‑n-\‑v ‑"-t‑I‑mÂ-a-c‑w I-b-ä‑p-I' -F-¶‑m-W‑v I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e {‑]-t‑b‑m-K‑w. C-§-s‑\ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑n-h->‑n I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]-e-c‑p‑w B `‑m-K-§-f‑nÂ D->‑m-I‑m-d‑p->‑v. c->‑p-I‑q-«À-¡‑p‑w k‑u-I-c‑y-{‑]-Za‑m-W‑n-X‑v. H-c‑p h>‑n h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v s‑I‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p¶-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑mÄ I‑p-d-ª I‑q-e‑n a-X‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑pt‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑n-h->‑n-b‑n-e‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ. F-¶‑mÂ G-j-W‑n t‑P‑y-j‑vT-\‑v H-«‑p‑w C-j‑vS-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑v t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑pa‑n-Ã. A-hÀ k‑u-I-c‑y‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w

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X‑r-i‑qÀ h-g‑n-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. C-\‑n A-§-s‑\ h-Ã-X‑p-‑w I‑n-«‑p-¶‑p-s‑>¦‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ A-X‑v A-hÀ F-S‑p¯‑p-s‑I‑m-Å-s‑« F-¶ \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I. G-jW‑n-¡‑m-c³ ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ t‑IÄ-¡‑m³ \‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-s‑X‑, ]-d-ª‑p X‑o-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v, A-b‑mÄ-¡‑v i‑o«‑v {‑]-I‑m-c-a‑p-Å ]-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑v h‑n-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑p-I. 1982Â ‑"-I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼\‑n-‑' h‑n-e-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑v H‑m-S‑v h‑y-h-k‑mb-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w R‑m³ I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑v. \-S-c‑m-P-a‑p-X-e‑nb‑mÀ {‑K‑q-¸‑nÂ-s‑¸-« a‑n. i-¦À B-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-X‑n-s‑â D-S-a. t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ A-X‑v h‑m-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ ]-W‑n-X‑oÀ-¶ a‑p-¸-X‑v e-£-t‑¯‑m-f‑w H‑m-S‑v h‑n-ä‑pt‑]‑m-I‑m-s‑X s‑I-«‑n-¡‑n-S-¡‑p-¶‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `‑m-K‑y-s‑a-¶‑p ]-d-b-s‑«‑, A-X‑p-h-s‑c X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ i-à-a‑m-b s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-k-a-c‑w A-hk‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k‑o-k¬ A-\‑pI‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n h-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S t‑Ì‑m-¡‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ h‑n-ä‑pX‑oÀ-¶‑p. ^‑m-Î-d‑n h‑m-§‑n-b h-Ib‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ h-e‑n-b k‑m-¼¯‑n-I _‑m-[‑y-X X‑oÀ-¡‑m³ A-X‑v k-l‑m-b-I-a‑m-b‑n. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v C-t‑X a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-h-i-a‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-s‑e N‑n-¡‑va‑m-K-f‑q-c‑nÂ c->‑v H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-IÄ h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w X‑p-S-c‑pI-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. 1990Â ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n-\S‑p-¯‑p-Å‑, I‑m-c‑m-S‑v ‑"-s‑^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹-‑' Ø‑m-]‑n-¨‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S R‑m-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v \‑n-eh‑nÂ h-¶ ‑"-^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v-k‑v e‑n-a‑n-ä-U‑n-‑'e‑p‑w (B-e‑p-h‑) A-{‑]-I‑mc‑w X-s‑¶. t‑aÂ-]-d-ª F-Ã‑m L-«-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w R-§-s‑f s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v, H-«‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ t‑aJ-e-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v, D-b-c-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v

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D-b-c-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v, \-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. t‑I-c-f a‑n-\‑n-a‑w s‑h-b‑v-P-k‑v A-s‑s‑U‑z-k-d‑n t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v s‑a‑w-_À‑, C.-F-k‑v.s‑F. t‑I‑mÀ-]-t‑d-j³ H‑m^‑v C³-U‑y-b‑p-s‑S t‑I-c-f d‑o-P‑y-\Â t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v s‑a‑w-_À‑, H‑mÄ t‑Ic-f s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v s‑^-U-t‑d-j³ s‑k-{‑I-«-c‑n F-¶‑n§-s‑\ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ Ø‑m\-§-f‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-s‑¸-S‑m³ F-s‑¶ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-\‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v B t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v, B c-£‑m-I-À-X‑rX‑z‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v, k‑w-i-b-a‑n-Ã. h‑n-i‑m-e-a‑m-b ]-c‑n-N‑n-X-h‑r¯-¯‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n-\‑v k‑m-c-a‑m-b \‑n-e-b‑p‑w h‑n-e-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±l‑w k‑r-j‑v-S‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯ B k-e‑vt‑]-c‑n-\‑v, kÀ-Æ-k-½-X-a‑m-b B h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-X(Credibility‑)b‑v-¡‑v, R-§-f‑p-s‑S _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑w-K-¯‑v F-¶‑p‑w h-e‑n-b Ø‑m-\-a‑m-W‑p-ÅX‑v. A-X‑v I-f-b‑m-s‑X I‑m-¯‑p-k‑q£‑n-t‑¡->-X‑n-s‑â B-h-i‑y-I-X D-Z‑m-l-c-W-k-l‑n-X‑w t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ h‑n-h-c‑n-¨‑p X-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-F-\‑n¡‑v _‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑nÂ h-f-s‑c-t‑b-s‑d K‑p-W‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, F-s‑â t‑]-c‑nÂ h-Ã K‑p-U‑v-h‑n-Ã‑p‑w (Goodwill‑) _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v t‑a-Je-b‑nÂ D-s‑>-¦‑nÂ A-X‑v I-fb-c‑p-X‑v.' F-¶ D-]-t‑Z-i‑w R‑m³ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑v k‑w-_-Ô-a‑m-b‑n t‑P‑yj‑vT³ ]-d-ª‑p-X-¶ c->‑v D-Z‑m-lc-W-§Ä C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p->‑v. A-X‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑v C-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w: h-f-s‑c ]-c‑n-a‑n-X-a‑m-b a‑p-XÂ-a‑p-S-t‑¡‑m-s‑Sb‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. R-§-f‑p-s‑S ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v J‑m-k‑n A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑ok‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-¡‑v ]‑q-\‑q-c‑n-s‑e BÀ. a-c-¡‑mÀ l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-

c‑p-¶ A-S‑p-¯ _-Ô‑w X-s‑¶-b‑mW‑v A-¶‑v {‑]-[‑m-\ a‑p-XÂ-a‑p-S-¡‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m‑w. B _-Ô-¯‑ns‑â t‑]-c‑nÂ‑, B-\-¸‑m-«-‑w a‑p³-I‑qd‑m-b‑n A-S-¡‑m-s‑X X-s‑¶ A-t‑±l‑w t‑P‑y-j‑vT-\‑v I‑q-¸‑p-]-W‑n-¡‑v X-s‑â B-\-I-s‑f h‑n-«‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v a‑p-¡‑w a-e-h‑m-c¯‑nÂ ]‑p-¶-¡Â `‑m-K-¯‑v ]-d-t‑È-c‑n-l-Ö‑p-½-b‑p-s‑S a-eb‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-s‑¯ H-c-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-W‑v. a-c‑w a‑p-d‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v, B-\-s‑b-s‑¡‑m->‑v h-e‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v t‑d‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S-\‑n-¶‑v t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑nÂ I-b-ä‑n N‑o-¸‑m³-I‑p-¿‑nÂ ]‑p-g-b‑nÂ X-«‑p‑w. t‑d‑m-U‑v-k‑u-I-c‑y‑w A-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X-t‑a D>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑p A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v. A-h‑n-s‑S-\‑n-¶‑v s‑X-c-¸-a‑m-¡‑n I-Ã‑mb‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑mW‑v a-c‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑p-d‑n-¨ a-c-¯‑n-s‑â I‑p-ä‑n-¡‑m-W‑w (-h‑n-e‑)F-Ã‑m R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w ]-d-t‑Èc‑n-b‑nÂ l-Ö‑p-½-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n-s‑e¯‑n-¡-W‑w. A-X‑m-W‑v h‑y-h-Ø. t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ B h‑y-h-Ø s‑X-ä‑n¡‑m-s‑X I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-W‑w s‑I‑mS‑p-¯‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ H-c‑m-g‑v-N I-Ã‑m-b‑n-a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑nÂ

\‑n-¶‑v ]-W‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ ]-d-t‑È-c‑n-h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b-X‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-S‑p-¯‑m-g‑v-N I-W-¡‑p‑w ]-W-h‑pa‑m-b‑n s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ l-Ö‑p-½ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-s‑\ I-g‑n-ª‑mg‑v-N I->‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m?' I-Ã‑m-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]-W‑w I‑n-«‑m-ª-X‑n-\‑m-e‑m-W‑v h-c‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶ a-d‑p-]-S‑n t‑I«-t‑¸‑mÄ l-Ö‑p-½ ]-d-ª‑p-h-t‑{‑X: "-a‑p-l-½-Z‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v B-c‑m-W‑v ]-W‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-X‑v? \‑o A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑mc‑p-s‑S a-I-\‑m-W‑v. ]-W‑w C-s‑Ã-¦‑ne‑p‑w R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N C-h‑n-s‑S h-c-W‑w.' s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-{‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑nÂ a-²‑y-\‑n-e-]‑m-S‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-]‑mÀ-«‑nI-f‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑p‑w k-P‑o-h-a‑m-W‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑nÂ. i-¼f-hÀ-²-\‑, t‑_‑m-W-k‑v a‑p-X-e‑m-b B-\‑p-I‑q-e‑y-§Ä B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑v i-à-a‑m-b s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-k-a-c-§Ä C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑p-Sa-IÄ-¡‑p-a‑p->‑v k‑w-L-S-\‑, I‑m-e‑n¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-N-t‑d-g‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j³(CTMA‑). C-c‑p I‑q-«-c‑p‑w h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N-b‑v-¡‑v X-¿‑m-d‑nÃ‑m-s‑X ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w k-a-c-§Ä \‑o->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m-d‑p->‑v. A-¯-c‑w k-µÀ-`-§-f‑nÂ‑, "-s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑m-f‑n-If‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑m-W‑v. A-hÀ-¡‑p‑w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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"-sXm-gn-em-fnI-fpw a-\p-jycm-Wv. A-hÀ¡pw Po-hn-¡Ww. A-Xn -\mÂ Im-e¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨p-Å i-¼f-hÀ-²-\ \-ev-tI-@ Xv B-h-iy-amWv. A-Ãm-sX h-¼n-¨ \-jv-Sw k-ln-¨v sXmgnÂ-im-e-IÄ A-S-¨n-Sp-Ib-Ã th-@Xv.'

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_v D-½-bp-sSbpw k-tlm-Z-c-§-fp-sSbpw Iq-sS...

P‑o-h‑n-¡-W‑w. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ I‑m-e-¯‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p-Å i-¼-f-hÀ-²-\ \-e‑v-t‑I->X‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑m-W‑v. A-Ã‑m-s‑X h-¼‑n-¨ \-j‑v-S‑w k-l‑n-¨‑v s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ-i‑m-e-IÄ A-S-¨‑n-S‑pI-b-Ã t‑h->-X‑v.' t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ X-s‑â \‑n-e-]‑m-S‑v h‑y-àa‑m-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑v t‑IÄ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, "-F‑w.-F. A-b-ª‑p-' F-¶‑v ]-c‑n-`-h-k‑z-c-¯‑nÂ ]-d-b‑p-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑p‑w A-b-ª‑v NÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑p‑w H-¯‑p-X‑oÀ-¸‑n-\‑p‑w X-¿‑m-d‑m-h‑p-Ib‑m-W‑v ]-X‑n-h‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-i‑m-e-a-\-k‑v-¡-X-b‑v-¡‑p-Å D-Z‑ml-c-W-§Ä R‑m³ F-®‑n-¸-d-t‑b->-X‑n-Ã. ]-d-ª‑mÂ X‑o-c‑p-I-b‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±l-s‑¯ ]-c‑n-N-b-a‑p-Å F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑m‑w. H-c‑p D-Z‑m-l-c-W‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w C-h‑n-s‑S I‑p-d‑n-¡-s‑«. 1982Â \-S-¸‑nÂ h-¶ h-\-t‑Z-i-k‑mÂ-¡-c-W-t‑¯‑m-s‑S I‑q-¸‑p]-W‑n-IÄ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ A-h-Ø h-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ ]-W‑n-IÄ A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n¨‑p. A-t‑X‑m-s‑S t‑e‑m-d‑n-I-f‑p‑w B-\-I-f‑p‑w A-[‑n-I-¸-ä‑mb‑n. B-\-IÄ G-s‑g-®-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-h-s‑b A-hb‑p-s‑S ]‑m-¸‑m³-a‑mÀ-¡‑v X-s‑¶‑, a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑v h‑n-e-s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑\‑m-¡‑m-s‑X‑, s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ s‑N-b‑v-XX‑v. "-A-hÀ-¡‑v X-c‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ k‑w-J‑y-' F-{‑X-b‑mt‑W‑m A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h‑n-e-b‑m-b‑n \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨-X‑v. C‑u B-\-¡‑mÀ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n \-Ã \‑n-e-b‑n-s‑e¯‑n-b h‑n-h-c‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑\‑m-¶‑n-¨‑p-Å F-s‑â k‑p-Z‑oÀ-L-a‑m-b _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v-P‑o-h‑n-X‑w H-c‑p t‑e-J-\-¯‑nÂ H-X‑p-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ X-s‑¶ H-c‑p s‑N-d‑n-b k‑w`-h-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n ]-d-ª‑v C-X-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. X‑p-S-¡-¯‑nÂ k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨‑, A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z-`‑m-h-K‑pFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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W-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w h‑o-i‑m³ A-X‑p-]-I-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â a-I³ \‑m-k-d‑p‑w R-§-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑p-P³ I-_‑o-d‑p‑w F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y‑mk-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ \‑m-kÀ s‑I‑m-f‑m-b‑nb‑p‑w t‑I‑m-«-½Â t‑a‑m-l³-Z‑m-k‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n H-c‑n-¡Â \‑m-S‑p-h‑n-«‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n. H-c‑m-g‑v-N I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑p‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p h‑n-h-c-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. F-´‑p s‑N-¿-W-s‑a-¶d‑n-b‑m-s‑X F-Ã‑m h‑o-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w h‑n-j-a¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n. H-S‑p-h‑nÂ‑, t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑nÂ ]-c‑m-X‑n \-e‑v-I-W-s‑a-¶ A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w s‑]‑m-´‑n-h-¶‑p. A-X‑v t‑I-«-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑P‑y-j‑vT-s‑â {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W‑w C-§-s‑\b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b->. F-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑n-¡Â A-hÀ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p‑w. I-®‑q-c‑nÂ H-c‑p A-Ð‑p-Ã-b‑p->‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w C-X‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e \‑m-S‑p-I-S-¶‑v t‑]‑m-b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. hÀ-j-§-t‑f‑m-f‑w b‑m-s‑X‑m-c‑p h‑n-h-c-h‑pa‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ‑"-I-Å-t‑e‑m-©‑n-‑'Â I-b-d‑n Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b A-Ð‑p-Ã t‑I‑m-S‑o-i‑z-c-\‑m-b‑m-W‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-a‑m-W‑v \‑m-s‑S-§‑p‑w A-d‑n-bs‑¸-S‑p-¶ {‑]-i-k‑v-X-h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n "-KÂZ‑m-c‑n A-Ð‑p-Ã'. c->‑m-g‑v-N X‑n-I-b‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑v, I-¿‑ne‑p-Å I‑m-i‑v X‑oÀ-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, t‑]‑mb-hÀ X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n. H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑v F-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-s‑e t‑I‑mf‑n‑w-K‑v s‑_Â A-S‑n-¡‑p-¶ i-_‑v-Z‑w t‑I-«‑v R‑m³ h‑m-X‑nÂ X‑p-d-¶‑v t‑\‑m¡‑n. t‑a‑m-l³-Z‑m-k‑m-W‑v. "R‑m³ a‑m-{‑X-t‑a h-¶‑n-«‑p-Å‑p. a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-¶‑mÂ t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-t‑a‑m F-¶-d‑nb‑m³ F-s‑¶ h‑n-«-X‑m-W‑v.' h-f-s‑c ]-X‑p-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v t‑a‑ml³-Z‑m-k‑v C-{‑Xb‑p‑w ]-d-ª-X‑v. "-H-c‑p {‑]-i‑v-\-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑, t‑]‑m-b t‑]‑m-s‑e X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-¶‑mÂ a-X‑n-' F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑v R‑m³ k-a‑m[‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. A-§-s‑\‑, C-¡‑m-¡b‑p-s‑S Z‑oÀ-L-Z‑r-j‑v-S‑n-b‑p‑w i‑p-`‑m-]‑v-X‑n h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n. ‑"-KÂ-Z‑m-c‑n‑'a‑m-s‑c‑m-¶‑p‑w B-b‑n-«-Ã h-¶-s‑X-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w.

]pXnb ¢mÊn-te¡v Pbn-¨mÂ ]pkvXIw hm§m³, s]cp-¶m-fn¶v hkv{Xw hm§m³ XpS§n FÃm-än\pw C¡m-¡sb Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ Imew. 's]mbn-Ãm-¯'-bpsS ssIbnÂ \n¶v In«nb `£-W-¯nsâ cpNn C¶pw \mhn-ep-@v. Ipt«y, Ipt«y F¶v kvt\l-]qÀÆw hnfn-¡p¶ R§-fpsS s]mbn-Ãm¯ C¡m-¡-sb-t¸mse Xs¶ Hc-¯m-Wn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

R-§-fp-sS {]n-b-s¸-« C-¡m-¡

-§Ä C-¡‑m-¡ F-¶‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w ]-d-ª‑mÂ A-X‑v ‑"-s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m-¡-‑' F-¶ B h-e‑n-b I‑q-S-¸‑n-d-¸‑m-W‑v. a-ä‑p-Å t‑P‑y-j‑vT-·‑m-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w I‑p-ª‑m-\‑m¡-b‑p‑w s‑h-Ã‑n-®‑y‑m-¡-b‑p‑w _‑o-¨‑n®‑y‑m-¡-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-¸‑w a‑p-X-e‑p-Å H‑mÀ-½-IÄ a‑m-b‑m-s‑X‑, a-§‑m-s‑X a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p->‑v. D-S‑p-¯‑p‑w D-S‑p-¡‑ms‑X-b‑p‑w s‑a‑m-e‑y‑m-c-I-s‑¯ t‑I‑m-«‑p‑w]-S‑n (t‑K-b‑v-ä‑v) I-S-¶‑v \‑n-c-¯‑n-e‑p‑w k‑n-d‑m-P‑pÂ-C-k‑v-e‑m‑w a-{‑Z-k-b‑p-s‑S h-c‑m-´-b‑n-e‑p‑w H‑m-S‑n-¨‑m-S‑n I-f‑n¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w‑, \‑m-e-©‑p h-bÊ‑v. t‑a‑m-t‑«‑mÀ-h‑m-l-\‑w \‑m-«‑nÂ A-]‑qÀ-Æ-§-f‑nÂ A-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w. C-Sb‑v-¡‑v P‑o-¸‑n-s‑â a‑q-f-¡‑w t‑I-«‑mÂ t‑d‑m-U‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H-c‑p H‑m-«-a‑p->‑v. A-X‑v C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-¸‑m-s‑W¦‑nÂ s‑a‑m-e‑y‑m-c-‑m-¯‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑p‑w F-¶‑p-d-¸‑v. a-ä‑p I‑p-«‑n-IÄ a‑m-d‑n\‑n-¶‑v I‑u-X‑p-I‑w I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ R-§Ä i‑p-P‑m-C-IÄ D-Å‑nÂ I-b-d‑n C-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. C-¡‑m-¡ H-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑n-Ã. s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑p-Å e-XÀt‑_-K‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a‑p-´‑n-b C-\‑w a‑nT‑m-b‑n-IÄ D-½-s‑b G-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p‑w. _‑m-¡‑n-b‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e

I‑p-«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v I‑n-«‑p-¶-X‑v. a-g-¡‑m-e-a‑mb‑mÂ P‑o-¸‑v t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑q-c‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑n‑, I-S-¯‑p-t‑X‑m-W‑n I-S-¶‑v \-S-¶‑m-W‑v h-c‑p-I. t‑h-\-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v P‑o-¸‑v ]‑p-g C-d-§‑n-¡-S-¡‑p‑w. P‑o-¸‑v s‑h-Å-¯‑nÂ I‑p-S‑p-§‑p-¶-X‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ X-Å‑n-¡b-ä‑p-¶-X‑p‑w F-s‑´‑m-c‑p "B-c‑m-]‑q-c‑'a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑p-X‑n-b ¢‑m-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑v P-b‑n-¨‑mÂ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w h‑m-§‑m³‑, s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mf‑n-¶‑v h-k‑v-{‑X‑w h‑m-§‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-\‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b I‑m-¯‑nc‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ A-¶‑v A-©‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑v h-s‑c a‑m-{‑X‑w. B-d‑v, G-g‑v ¢‑m-Ê‑p-IÄ s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑nÂ F-k‑v.-s‑I.-b‑p.-]‑n.b‑n-e‑mb-X‑v `‑m-K‑y‑w. D-¨-`-£-W‑w I‑p-ª‑³ F-¶ A-k‑o-k‑n-t‑\‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w s‑]‑m-b‑ne‑nÂ-h‑o-«‑nÂ k‑p-`‑n-£‑w. "-s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m¯'b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v I‑n-«‑n-b B `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â c‑p-N‑n C-¶‑p‑w \‑m-h‑n-e‑p>‑v. I‑p-t‑«‑y‑, I‑p-t‑«‑y F-¶‑v k‑v-t‑\-l-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ R-§f‑p-s‑S s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯ C-¡‑m-¡-s‑bt‑¸‑m-s‑e X-s‑¶ H-c-¯‑m-W‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑qÀ s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-k‑v.-F-k‑v.-FÂ.-k‑n. ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n-b t‑i-j‑w ]‑p-f‑nFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Fw.-F. A-Ðp-Ê-emw A-\nb³. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-f‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]‑n.-S‑n.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v d‑n-«-bÀ s‑N-b‑v-X A-[‑y‑m-]-I³.

G-Xm-\pw hÀ-j-§Ä¡p ti-jw A-½m-bn-bpsS a-c-W-hpw kz-¯v `m-Kwsh-¡-ep-sa-Ãmw I-gn-ª-t¸mÄ a-¡-fnÂ H-cmÄ I-S-em-ÊnÂ s]m-Xn-ª H-cp kzÀ-®-¨näp-am-bn F-sâ A-Sp-¯v h-¶v"-C-Xv \n-\-¡v X-cm³ D-½ h-kzn-¿-¯v sN-bv-X-Xm-Wv-' F-¶v ]-d-ªp.

¡Â A-d-_‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑f-P‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v d‑u-f-¯‑pÂ D-e‑q-a‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-d‑v hÀ-j-a‑m-W‑v F-s‑â t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v-] T-\-I‑m-e‑w. A-_‑pÂ-s‑s‑JÀ a‑u-e-h‑n s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑qÀ ZÀ-k‑v \-S-¯‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v t‑I‑m-«-½Â Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m\‑n J-Þ-\-a-Þ-\‑w \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑nÂ R-§Ä i‑n-j‑y-·‑mÀ k-P‑oh-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v ‑"-C-i‑m-A¯‑v-‑' c‑q-]‑o-I-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑n-s‑e F-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n-[‑y-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w R-§-f‑ps‑S _-Ô-¯‑nÂ H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w h‑n-Å-e‑p>‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]T-\‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v ]‑n.-S‑n.-F‑w. s‑s‑l-k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¶-X‑p a‑pXÂ h‑o-«‑n-s‑e N‑p-a-X-e-IÄ ]-e-X‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑m-b‑n. D-½-s‑b t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d I‑m-W‑n-¡-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p {‑]-[‑m-\-t‑P‑m-e‑n. _‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b A-k‑p-J-§Ä H-¶‑p‑w D->‑m-h‑m-d‑n-Ã. D-½-b‑v-¡‑v Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n h-b-ä‑n-s‑e A-k‑p-J-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p-_-¯‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w A-k‑p-J-§-f‑p‑w a-c-W-§-f‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b A-d‑n-b‑n-¡Â F-s‑â U‑y‑q-«‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-¶‑n-b-¦-c-b‑n-s‑e e‑m³-U‑v t‑^‑m-W‑nte¡v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p‑w. D-S³ h-c‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S I‑mÀ. t‑U‑m-Î-d‑p-s‑S ^‑o-k‑v, a-c‑p-¶‑v X‑p-S-§‑nb-h ]‑qÀ-®-a‑m-b‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S h-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. a-c‑p-¶‑v X‑o-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ h‑m-§‑m-\‑p-Å X‑p-I A-U‑z‑m³-k‑m-b‑n F-s‑¶ G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.

A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-k‑p-J‑w: I-¡‑m-S‑v X-¨‑w-s‑X‑m-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e A-½‑mb‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§-f‑p-s‑S G-I A-½‑m-b‑n. A-h‑n-s‑S ‑"-a‑m-t‑X‑m-f‑n \‑m-c§-‑' D-Å-X‑n-\‑mÂ R-§Ä C-S‑v-¡‑nS-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. H-c‑n-¡Â R‑m³ s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ A-½‑m-b‑n-¡‑v X‑o-s‑c k‑p-J-a‑n-Ã. t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d I‑m-W‑n¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑m-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ k-½-X‑n-¨‑n-Ã. F-\‑n-¡‑v A-X‑v {‑]-b‑mk-a‑m-b‑n. R‑m³ a‑p-¡-¯‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n P‑o-¸‑v h‑m-S-I-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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I-¡‑m-S‑v A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑p. (t‑U‑m-ÎÀ a‑p-l-½-Z‑vI‑p-ª‑n-t‑b‑m h‑n-i‑z-\‑m-Y-t‑\‑m F-¶‑v \-Ã H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-Ã‑). H-c‑m-g‑v-N s‑I‑m->‑v A-½‑m-b‑n k‑p-J‑w {‑]‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. C‑u s‑N-e-h‑v F-s‑â h-I-b‑m-h-s‑« F-¶‑v I-c‑p-X‑n C-¡‑m-¡-t‑b‑m-S‑v h‑n-h-c‑w ]-d-ª‑n-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶ A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑n-e‑qs‑S h‑n-h-c-a-d‑n-ª C-¡‑m-¡ F-\‑n¡‑v s‑N-e-h‑m-b-X‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ s‑I‑mS‑p-¯-b-¨‑p; F-¶‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w B ]‑p-W‑y‑w X-«‑n-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑p-I-f-ª‑p. {‑]-i‑v-\‑w A-h‑n-s‑S X‑oÀ-¶‑n-Ã. X‑o-s‑c A-h-i-b‑m-b-X‑p‑w t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S k‑p-J-a‑m-bX‑p‑w A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-X‑m-\‑p‑w hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w A-½‑mb‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W-h‑p‑w k‑z-¯‑v `‑m-K‑ws‑h-¡-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ a-¡-f‑nÂ H-c‑mÄ I-S-e‑m-Ê‑nÂ s‑]‑m-X‑n-ª H-c‑p k‑zÀ-®-¨‑n-ä‑p-a‑mb‑n F-s‑â A-S‑p-¯‑v h-¶‑v- "-C-X‑v \‑n-\-¡‑v X-c‑m³ D-½ h-k‑z‑n-¿-¯‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑m-W‑v-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. h-Ã‑m-¯ H-c-h-Ø-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n R‑m³. A-X‑v A-h-I‑m-i‑n-IÄ-¡‑v X-s‑¶ R‑m³ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. A-X‑n\‑v C-¡‑m-¡-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-t‑¡->n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h-¶‑n-Ã. _‑m-¸ a-c‑n-¨‑p k‑z-¯‑v h‑o-X‑n-¨t‑¸‑mÄ C-¡‑m-¡ X-s‑â h‑n-l‑n-X‑w a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v h‑n-«‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. D-½-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W-t‑i-j-h‑p‑w X-s‑â h‑n-l‑n-X‑w I-W-¡‑m-¡‑n A-X‑v s‑]§-·‑mÀ-¡‑v X‑p-e‑y-a‑m-b‑n h‑o-X‑n-¨‑p-\e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑m-W‑p->‑m-b-X‑v. B h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑n-s‑â k-l‑nj‑v-W‑p-X-b‑v-¡‑p‑w k-l-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w h‑n-«‑p-h‑o-g‑v-N-b‑v-¡‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ h‑nt‑[-b-\‑m-b-X‑v R‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑â D-d-¨ h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑w. I‑m-c-W‑w‑, X‑m³ k‑w-i-b-cl‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n D-d-¨‑p h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑n-c‑ne‑p-Å t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-¯‑nÂ ]-c-k‑y-a‑m-b‑n¯-s‑¶ F-\‑n-¡‑v ]-s‑¦-S‑p-t‑¡->‑n

ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_-k-anXn-tbmKw

h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. J-Þ-\-{‑]-k‑w-K-§-f‑ne‑p‑w NÀ-¨‑m-t‑h-Z‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-_‑ml-e-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w R‑m³ a-d‑p-`‑mK-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-h-t‑Ã‑m. F-¶‑mÂ A-¡‑m-c-W-¯‑mÂ H-¶‑v a‑p-J‑w I-d‑p-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-\‑n-ã‑w {‑]-I-S‑n¸‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m k-l‑m-b‑w X-S-b‑p-It‑b‑m s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-Ã. R‑m³ A-d-_‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ _‑m-¸-s‑b-¡‑mÄ k-l‑m-b‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v C-¡‑m¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-\‑n-¡‑v A-l‑va-Z‑n-b‑m-h‑m³ k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-a‑p-Å-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e-¯-s‑¶ a-ä‑p-Å-hÀ-¡‑v B-h‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑p-Å k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y-a‑p->‑v F-¶ D-Z‑m-¯- \-b‑w a‑p-d‑p-s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p.

s‑I‑m-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-¨‑p I‑m-c‑y-§Ä: _‑m-¸ H-c‑n-¡Â s‑lÀ-W‑n-b‑m H‑m-]-t‑d-j-\‑p t‑h>‑n t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑mS‑v t‑U‑m. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v t‑I‑m-b-b‑p-s‑S t‑\-g‑v-k‑n‑w-K‑v t‑l‑m-a‑nÂ A-U‑v-a‑n-ä‑mb‑n. H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑q-{‑X‑w t‑]‑m-h‑m-X‑m-b‑n. G-t‑X‑m H-c‑p h-e‑n-b t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w H-c‑p {‑]-t‑X‑y-I a-c‑p-¶‑v I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. A-X‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-«‑v F-§‑p‑w I‑n-«‑m-\‑n-Ã. C-¡‑m-¡ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑w-K¯‑v ]-d-]-d-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑v. C-¡‑m-¡ A-k‑z-Ø-\‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w

I-®‑qÀ a‑p-XÂ F-d-W‑m-I‑p-f‑w h-s‑c B a-c‑p-¶‑n-\‑m-b‑n t‑^‑m¬ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑p‑w B-s‑f A-b-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w a-d-¡‑m-¯ A-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-W‑v. A-h-k‑m\‑w _‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v I‑m³-kÀ _‑m-[‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w a-{‑Z‑m-k‑n-s‑e A-U-b‑m-d‑nÂ N‑n-I‑n-Õ-b‑v-¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶X‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ C-¡‑m-¡ A-\‑p-`-h‑n¡‑p-¶ s‑S³-j-\‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p k‑w-`-h‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-½-b‑p-s‑S N‑n-I‑n-Õ-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ ]-d-b‑m-\‑n-Ã. A-h-k‑m-\‑w ]‑m-e-¡‑p¿‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p `‑m-K‑w I‑p-g-ª‑p A-h-i-b‑m-b‑n B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑v h-Ã‑m-¯ A-\‑p-`h-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-h-c‑w C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v a‑n‑w-k‑v H‑u]-N‑m-c‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w \-S-¡‑p¶-X‑n-\‑v a‑p-¼‑m-W‑v k‑w-`-h‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S A-U‑v-a‑n-ä‑m-b‑n. ]‑n-s‑¶ a-c-W‑w h-s‑c H-c‑p \‑n-gÂ t‑]‑m-s‑e F-Ã‑m X‑n-c-¡‑pI-f‑p‑w a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¨‑v C-¡‑m-¡ D-½-t‑b‑ms‑S‑m-¸-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑m-X‑m-]‑n-X‑m-¡-s‑f k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w F-§s‑\-s‑b-¶‑v, A-h-s‑c h‑r-²-k-Z-\-§f‑nÂ X-Å‑p-¶ ]‑p-X‑p-X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑v a‑p-¼‑nÂ‑, F‑w.-F. F-¶ R-§-f‑ps‑S C-¡‑m-¡ H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Rm³ A-d-_nt¡m-tf-PnÂ ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÄ _m-¸-sb-¡mÄ k-lm-bw sNbv-Xn-cp-¶-Xv C-¡m-¡-bm-bncp-¶p. X-\n-¡v A-lv-a-Zn-bmhm³ kzm-X-{´yap-Å-Xv t]mse-¯-s¶ a-äp-Å-hÀ-¡v B-hm-Xn-cn¡m-\p-ap-Å kzm-X-{´y-ap-@v F-¶ D-Zm-¯\-bw ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-¡m³ A-t±-l-¯n-\v km-[n-¨p.

HmÀ½-bnse Iq¸v PohnXw

F‑w. Ajvd^v Fw.-F. A-\nb³. kzÀ-®-hym-]mcn.

-F.k‑v-a-c-W‑n-I-b‑nÂ ]-e-c‑p‑w ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v-S‑n‑w-_À _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p‑w-I‑q-¸‑p‑w. h‑m-b-\-¡‑m-c‑n-s‑e ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w‑, ]‑p-X‑nb-X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v-¡‑p‑w A-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b-I‑q-¸‑v-F-´‑m-s‑W-¶‑v-h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑m-W‑v- C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S-I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ-G-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨ A-\‑p-P³ A-j‑v-d-^‑v. {‑]‑o-U‑n-{‑K‑n-I-g‑n-ª‑v- KÄ-^‑v- t‑a‑m-l‑n-¨‑v- "-F-bÀ-I->‑o-j³ & d-{‑^‑n-Pt‑d-j³-' -t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑v ]T‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v- I‑p-ª‑m-\‑m-¡ F-¶‑v- h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ (aÀ-l‑q‑w‑) F‑w.-F. l‑p-s‑s‑k-\‑m-¡ B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n- I‑q-¸‑nt‑e-¡‑v-s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v- c->‑p-h‑n-[-¯‑n-e‑p-Å -I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑m-W‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. K-hs‑×â‑v- h-I h-\‑w t‑e-e-¯‑nÂ -h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v- A-X‑n-e‑p-Å a-c-§Ä a‑p-g‑p-h³

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_v A-\n-b-·mcm-b Fw.F. A-Ðp-Ê-emw am-kväÀ, Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv A-jvd-^v F-¶n-h-tcm-sSm¸w. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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s‑h-«‑n-b-t‑i-j‑w `‑q-a‑n-X‑n-c‑n-t‑¨-e‑v-]‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\ "-¢‑n-bÀ-s‑^-Ã‑n‑w-K‑v-' (Clear Felling‑)F-¶‑p ]-d-b‑p‑w. a-s‑ä‑m-¶‑v-d‑n-kÀ-h‑v h-\-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v-H-c‑p-s‑l-Î-d‑nÂ \‑m-t‑e‑m-At‑©‑m a-c-§Ä a‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑\ ‑"-s‑k-e-I‑v-j³ s‑^-Ã‑n‑wK‑v-‑' (Selection Felling‑)F-¶‑v-h‑nf‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-s‑¯ t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n¸‑n-¡‑m³‑, a‑m-h‑qÀ-t‑K‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑mÀ-dt‑b‑m¬-k‑n-\‑v a‑p-f-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, a-c-§-f‑p-s‑S-I‑z‑m-« (quota) s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u a-c-§Ä I‑m-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v-s‑h-«‑n I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑nÂ-F-¯‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑p-¶ I-c‑mÀ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p-F‑w.-F.-¡‑v. t‑e‑m-I-{‑]-i-k‑v-X-a‑m-b-s‑ht‑Ì¬ C³-U‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v-k‑v, `‑m-c-X‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n X‑p-S§‑n‑, ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v \-Ã-f‑w `‑m-K-s‑¯ s‑N-d‑n-b I-¼-\‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w a-c-s‑a¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.¡‑v {‑]-I‑m-i‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v F-¶ H-c‑p I-¼-\‑n-b‑p‑wD->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u I-¼-\‑n-¡‑v-BZ‑y-a‑m-b‑n-a-c‑w A-\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨-X‑v A-«¸‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶ s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m‑w-]-X‑n-b-S-¡‑w ]‑m-e-¡‑m-S‑v, I-®‑qÀ-P‑n-Ã-I-f‑n-s‑e \‑n-c-h-[‑n I‑q¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ -A-j‑v-d-^‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¨‑n«‑p->‑v. H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b-I‑q-¸‑v-X‑p-S-§‑pt‑¼‑mÄ B-Z‑y‑w B s‑I‑m-S‑p‑wI‑m-S‑n-s‑\-¸-ä‑n ]T‑n-¡-W‑w. \-Ã s‑h-Å‑w-I‑n-«‑p-¶ t‑X‑m-S‑n-\‑v k-a‑o-]‑w H-c‑p -s‑j-V‑v- s‑I-«-W‑w. C-X‑mW‑v- D‑u-«‑p-]‑p-c. s‑R-«‑n-s‑¯-§‑ns‑â (I‑m-«‑n-e‑p>‑m-I‑p-¶ s‑X-§‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å -H-c‑p- a-c‑w‑) C-es‑a-S-ª‑m-W‑v- t‑a-e‑v-¡‑q-c-b‑p->‑m¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑p-f-b‑p‑w- H‑m-S (C‑u-d‑) b‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v- A-c-b‑v-¡‑v- D-bc-¯‑n-Â I‑n-S-¡‑m-\‑p-Å- Ø-e‑ws‑I-«‑n-b‑p->‑m-¡‑p‑w. C-X‑n-\‑v F-e´ F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑p-I. A-X‑n-\‑p

a‑p-I-f‑nÂ-A-c‑n-¨‑m-¡‑p‑w-N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑m-b-b‑p‑w-h‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. a‑p-d‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å a-c-§Ä A-Sb‑m-f-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ t‑^‑m-d-Ì‑v-D-t‑Z‑y‑mK-ØÀ h-c‑p‑w. h-g‑n-I‑m-«‑n-I-f‑mb‑n-N‑n-e-t‑¸‑mÄ-B-Z‑n-h‑m-k‑n-I-f‑p‑w. s‑I‑m-S‑p‑w-h-\-¯‑nÂ-a‑r-K-§-f‑p-s‑Sh‑n-l‑m-c-t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S P‑o-h³ ]-W-b‑w-s‑h-¨‑p-Å-b‑m-{‑X. s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e F.-]‑n. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑ms‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e-b‑p-Å-N‑n-e-c‑p‑w-C-¡‑m-c‑y¯‑nÂ h‑n-Z-K‑v-²-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑w-a‑p-d‑n-X‑p-S-§‑n-b‑mÂ I-S¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑p-h-c‑m-\‑p-Å-t‑d‑m-U‑p>‑m-¡-W‑w. I‑p-d-ª N‑n-e-h‑nÂ‑, h-e‑n-b-I-b-ä-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X‑, Z‑q-c‑w-I‑pd-¨‑v t‑d‑m-U‑p-s‑h-«‑m³ h‑n-Z-K‑v-²c‑m-b t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n-a‑mÀ-t‑h-W‑w. C‑u c‑w-K-¯‑v- C-c‑n-¡‑qÀ-I‑m-c³ H-c‑pA-_‑q-_-¡À-¡-s‑b- A-j‑v-d-^‑vC-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w- H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-d‑n-¨‑n-« a-c-§Ä t‑d‑m-U-c‑n-I‑nÂ- A-«‑n-s‑h¡‑m³ H-c‑p-I‑q-¸‑nÂ \‑m-t‑e‑m-At‑©‑m B-\-I-f‑p->‑m-h‑p‑w‑, h‑n-Z-K‑v²-c‑m-b ]‑m-¸‑m-·‑m-c‑p‑w. a‑p-d‑n-¨‑n-« a-c-§-f‑p-s‑S-A-f-s‑h-S‑p-¡‑m³ c‑m-h‑n-s‑e-I‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑n-d-§‑n-b‑mÂ-aS-¡‑w- s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. I‑q-¸‑nÂ- k‑q-c‑y-s‑h-f‑n-¨‑w ]-X‑n¡‑m³ X-s‑¶ H-c‑p ]‑m-S‑v-s‑s‑h-I‑ps‑a-¶‑p‑w-A-k‑v-X-a-b‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯ A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w-A-d‑n-b‑p-I. A-f-¶ a-c-§Ä t‑e‑m-«‑m-¡‑nt‑^‑m-d-Ì‑v-s‑d-b‑v-©‑v-H‑m-^‑o-kÀ-¡‑vI-W-¡‑v-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w. t‑^‑m-dÌ‑v-D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-s‑c-s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑v ¢‑n-bÀ-s‑N-¿-W‑w. C-X‑n-s‑\ ‑"-s‑N-¡‑vs‑a-jÀ' -F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑p-I. A-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ I‑q-¸‑v-P‑o-h‑n-Xs‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑mÂ ]‑p-d‑w-t‑e‑mI-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n- H-c‑p _-Ô-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. H-t‑¶‑m -c-t‑>‑m -a‑m-k‑w -I-g‑n-ª‑mW‑v \‑m-«‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n-h-c‑p-I. F-¶‑m-e‑p‑w- G-s‑d- k-t‑´‑m-j‑w ]-I-c‑p-¶ P‑o-h‑n-X-a‑m-W‑v- I‑q-¸‑v-P‑oh‑n-X‑w. I‑m-«‑n-\-I-¯‑v \‑q-d‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Im-«n-\-I-¯v \q-dn-e-[n-IwB-fp-IÄ H-cp-an-¨v- Xma-kn-¡p-I. Iq-sS \m-«m\-IÄ. Nn-et¸m-sg-¯p-¶ Im-«m-\-I-sf A-I-äm³ Npäpw- Xo-bn-Sp-I. a-ªn-sâ- Ipfn-cp-Å- Im«p-tNm-e-bnse-Ip-fn. HmÀ-¡p-t¼mÄ C-t¸m-gpw- Ip-fncp-tIm-cp-¶p.

-B-f‑p-IÄ H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v- X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-I. I‑q-s‑S \‑m-«‑m-\-IÄ. N‑n-e-t‑¸‑m-s‑g¯‑p-¶ I‑m-«‑m-\-I-s‑f A-I-ä‑m³ N‑p-ä‑p‑w- X‑o-b‑n-S‑p-I. a-ª‑n-s‑â-I‑pf‑n-c‑p-Å-I‑m-«‑p-t‑N‑m-e-b‑n-s‑e-I‑p-f‑n. H‑mÀ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w- I‑p-f‑nc‑p-t‑I‑m-c‑p-¶‑p. `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â-I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v-Gs‑d-c-k-I-c‑w. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e-I-ª‑n-b‑p‑w N-½-´‑n-b‑p‑w.D-¨-b‑v-¡‑v-t‑N‑m-d‑p‑w ]-c‑n-¸‑p‑w. c‑m-{‑X‑n ]-c‑n-¸‑p‑w-t‑N‑m-d‑p‑w. D-W-¡-a‑o³ h‑n-t‑i-j-h‑n-`-h-a‑mW‑v. h-e‑n-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v, a-c‑w-h-e‑n¡‑mÀ-¡-Ã‑, ]‑p-I-h-e‑n-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v \‑n-Ý‑n-X-I‑z‑m-«-b‑nÂ _‑o-U‑n-b‑p‑w-k‑nK-c-ä‑p‑w-X‑o-s‑¸-«‑n-b‑p‑w. F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w-X‑nf-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ I-«³-N‑m-b. a-[‑p-c-¯‑n-\‑p‑w-N‑m-b-¡-S‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑niÀ-¡-c. I‑m-c‑m-«‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑ns‑b-t‑¸‑m-e‑p-Å s‑h-¸‑p-I‑mÀ‑, A-hc‑p‑w ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w X-½‑n-e‑p-Å _-l-f-§Ä. C-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ B-{‑K-l‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w B c-k-I-c-a‑m-b- P‑o-h‑n-X‑w. s‑s‑d-äÀ-a‑mÀ‑, t‑a-k‑v-{‑X‑n-a‑mÀ‑, t‑e‑m-U‑n‑w-K‑p-I‑mÀ‑, B-\-¡‑mÀ‑, s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ-a‑mÀ-]-e \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-

H-s‑c‑m-ä a-\-t‑Ê‑m-s‑S-I‑m-S‑n-s‑â H-¯-\-S‑p-¡‑v. ]‑p-X‑n-b-X-e-a‑p-d-b‑v¡‑v-F-s‑â-h-c‑n-I-s‑f ]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑m-\‑mh‑p-¶‑p-t‑>‑m- F-s‑¶-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑n-Ã. H-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n ]-d-ª-h-k‑m-\‑n¸‑n-¡‑m‑w. k‑zÀ-¤-¯‑n-e‑p‑w I-«‑pd‑p-s‑¼-¶‑p- ]-d-ª t‑]‑m-s‑e. I‑m-«‑n-t‑e-ä-h‑p‑w t‑]-S‑n-¨-X‑v, C-¶‑p‑w t‑]-S‑n-t‑¡->-X‑v, ‑"-B-\-a-b-¡‑n-‑' -C-e-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w A-«-¸‑p-g‑p-h‑n-s‑\b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. B-\-a-b-¡‑n-C-e-X-«‑nb‑mÂ-s‑N‑m-d‑n-ª‑v ]-W‑n-X‑o-c‑p‑w. Z‑n-h-k-§Ä ]-\‑n-¨‑p-I‑n-S-¶-hÀ t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑p->‑v. \‑q-e‑n-s‑â-h-®‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ A-« I-S‑n-¨‑v, t‑N‑m-c-b‑q-ä‑n‑, h‑n-cÂ-h-®-a‑m-b‑n h‑o-g‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v I-S‑n-¨ h‑n-h-c‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w \-½-f-d‑n-b‑p-I. ]‑n-s‑¶ s‑N‑m-d‑n-¨‑n-t‑e‑m-S‑v-s‑N‑m-d‑n-¨‑nÂ. C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-t‑¨‑mÀ-¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ I‑m-S‑n-s‑â-I-Y ]-d-b‑m-s‑XBÀ-¡‑p‑w I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b-C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S ]-c-t‑e‑m-I-t‑a‑m-£-¯‑n-s‑â {‑]‑mÀ°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S- A-j‑v-d-^‑v ]-d-ª‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n.

teJ-I³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv A-jvd-^v kp-lr-¯p-¡fm-b I-®m-«nÂ A-Ðp-dlow am-ÌÀ, F-d-t¡m-S³ lp-ssk³ F-¶n-h-tcm-sSm¸w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Fw.F.ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_n-sâ ]-g-b H-cp BÂ-_-¯nÂ-\n¶pw e-`n-¨ Iq-¸n-se t^m-t«mIÄ

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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F\n-¡v \-ã-amb-Xv hm-¸bpw k-tlm-Z-c\pw ap-X-em-fn-bp-saÃm-am-bn-cp-¶ G-ähpw A-Sp-¯ kp-lr-¯n-s\-Iq-Sn-bmWv.

F-Ãm-h-cpw hn-fn-¡p-¶ Fw.-F.

‑"F‑w. Fw.-F. I-_oÀ A-\nb³. hym-]mcn.

-F.‑'-F-¶‑v F-Ã‑mh-c‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑y-à‑n F-s‑â ‑"-h‑m-¸'b‑p‑w C-¡‑m¡-b‑p‑w "-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n'-b‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑eÃ‑m-a‑p-]-c‑n 1982\‑p t‑i-j‑w F-s‑â ‑"-t‑¢‑m-k‑v {‑^³-U‑v-' I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä X-½‑nÂ {‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ h-e‑n-b A-´-c-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑Nd‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡-b‑mW‑v I‑m-W‑p-I. h‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v k‑p-J-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X a-{‑Z‑m-k‑n-s‑e A-S-b‑mÀ I‑m³-kÀ C³-Ì‑n-ä‑y‑q-«‑nÂ A-U‑v-a‑n-ä‑v B-b‑n-c‑p¶-t‑¸‑mÄ A-h‑n-s‑S R‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-¶‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑nb-¯‑qÀ t‑X‑m-W‑n-b-]-I-S‑w D->‑m-b Z‑n-h-k‑w R‑m³ c‑m-h‑n-e-s‑¯ s‑a-b‑v-e‑n-e‑m-W‑v h-¶-X‑v. ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w. t‑]‑mI‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I-Ã‑m-b‑n H‑m-^‑o-k‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑s‑]-k h‑m-§‑n-t‑¸‑m-h‑m³ ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑mÂ s‑s‑h-I‑pt‑¶-c‑w s‑s‑]-k h‑m-§‑m³ k‑m-[‑n¨‑n-Ã. S‑n-¡-ä‑v R‑m³ t‑\-c-s‑¯ _‑p-¡‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-{‑U‑m-k‑v s‑{‑S-b‑v-\‑nÂ I-b-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-s‑â

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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]-¡Â B-s‑I H-c‑p c‑q-]-b‑m-W‑v D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n h->‑nb‑nÂ I-b-d‑n. a-{‑U‑m-k‑v s‑kâ-d‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-S-b‑m-d‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \-¼À 22 _-Ê‑nÂ 75 s‑s‑]-k-b‑m-W‑v I‑q-e‑n. A-X‑nÂ I-b-d‑n R‑m³ c‑m-h‑n-s‑e d‑q-a‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w C-¡‑m¡-b‑p-s‑S k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-¡ A-h‑n-s‑S s‑s‑]-k-b‑p-a‑m-s‑b-¯‑n‑! 1979Â F-s‑â ]‑n.-U‑n.-k‑n. I-g‑nª‑p. U‑n-{‑K‑n-¡‑v R‑m³ a‑o-©-´ K-h¬-s‑aâ‑v BÀ-S‑v-k‑v G³-U‑v s‑s‑k³-k‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ t‑NÀ¶‑p. B I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑nÂ R‑m³ ]-¶‑n-b-¦-c h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X‑ma-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ ^‑o-k‑v, _‑p-¡‑v, _‑q-«‑v a‑p-X-e‑m-b F-´‑n-s‑\‑ms‑¡-t‑b‑m R‑m³ s‑s‑]-k h‑m-§‑p‑w. ]-t‑£‑, H-c‑p s‑s‑]-k-b‑v-¡‑p‑w R‑m³ _‑p-¡‑v h‑m-§‑n-b‑n-Ã‑, t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ a‑q-¶‑p s‑I‑m-Ã-h‑p‑w ^‑o-k-S-¨‑n-Ã. A-s‑X‑m-c‑p \‑o-> I-Y..... U‑n-{‑K‑n ]T-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v ^‑q-«‑vt‑_‑mÄ e-l-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-\‑n¡‑v. t‑X‑m-e‑v-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑p-d-¸‑n-¨‑v F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w F-s‑¶ F-g‑p-X‑n-¯-Å‑nb-X‑m-W‑v. A-t‑¶ R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p:

"-R‑m³ P-b‑n-¡‑p‑w‑, ]-t‑£‑, X‑p-SÀ¶‑p ]T‑n-¡‑m³ R‑m-\‑n-Ã.' U‑n-{‑K‑n s‑s‑^-\Â ]-c‑o-£ I-g‑n-ª R‑m³ C-¡‑m-¡-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-R‑m³ C-\‑n ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, I‑q¸‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m‑w.' C-¡‑m-¡ k-½-X‑n-¨‑n-Ã‑, F-s‑¶ h‑n-e-¡‑n. ]-t‑£‑, R‑m³ s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S h-e‑nb-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-c‑n-k‑m[-\-§Ä h‑m-§‑n‑, t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑nÂ A-S--¡‑m-t‑¯‑m-S‑v I‑q-¸‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n. I‑p-d-¨‑p Z‑n-h-k-§Ä I-g‑n-ªt‑¸‑mÄ F-s‑â d‑n-kÄ-«‑v h-¶‑p. R‑m³ P-b‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p‑, \-Ã a‑mÀ¡‑p-a‑p->‑v ! C-¡‑m-¡ I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v B-s‑f A-b-¨‑p‑, s‑]-c‑n-§‑w-]‑p-d-¯‑v (I‑q‑) a‑p-l-½-Z‑m-¡-b‑m-W‑v h-¶X‑v. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]‑n.-P‑n.¡‑v t‑N-c‑m³ h-c‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. R‑m³ t‑]‑mb‑n-Ã. A-S‑p-¯ B-g‑v-N h‑o->‑p‑w B-s‑f A-b-¨‑p. A-§-s‑\ A-hk‑m-\‑w R‑m³ I‑q-¸‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-Ã‑m-a-\-t‑Ê‑m-s‑S t‑]‑m-¶‑p. I-Ã‑m-b‑n H‑m-^‑o-k‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n

C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b I->‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-R‑m³ C-\‑n ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.' "-A-s‑X-´‑m?' "F-\‑n-¡‑v S‑n.-k‑n. I‑n-«‑p-I-b‑n-Ã.' "-A-s‑X-´‑m?' "-t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ ^‑o-k-S-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã.' "-^‑o-k-S-¨‑mÂ I‑n-«‑q-t‑e?' A-§-s‑\‑, a‑q-¶‑p s‑I‑m-Ã-s‑¯ ^‑o-k‑v H-¶‑n-¨-S-¨‑v S‑n.-k‑n. h‑m-§‑n. ]‑n.P‑n.¡‑v ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ t‑NÀ¶‑p. B k-a-b-¯‑m-W‑v 1982Â C-¡‑m-¡ I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§‑p-¶-X‑v. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑o ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¶‑m‑, A-t‑X‑m I-¼\‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-c‑p-t‑¶‑m?' A-§-s‑\ R‑m³ ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑mt‑f-P‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w c-£-s‑¸-«‑p‑! 1982 a‑p-XÂ F‑w.-F. ‑"a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n'b‑p-s‑S I‑o-g‑nÂ H‑m-«‑p-I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ I‑m-j‑yÀ X-k‑v-X‑n-I e-`‑n-¨‑p. B hÀj‑w X-s‑¶ R‑m³ a‑p-¡-¯‑v ‑"-d‑m-W‑na‑mÀ-¡‑v H‑m-S‑p-IÄ‑' X‑p-S-§‑n. A-¶‑p a‑p-XÂ R-§Ä "-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n -- U‑o-eÀ‑' k‑u-l‑r-Z-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n. H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡ F-s‑¶

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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IÃmbn Hmô-knÂ t]mbn C¡m-¡sb I@v ]dªp: "Rm³ C\n ]Tn-¡p-¶n-Ã." "AsX´m?" "F\n¡v Sn.-kn. In«p-I-bn-Ã." "AsX´m?" "tImtf-PnÂ ôk-S-¨n-«n-Ã." "ôk-S-¨mÂ In«qte?"

N‑o-¯-]-d-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v F-s‑´-¶‑n-Ã‑m-¯ k‑v-t‑\-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 1982 a‑p-XÂ a‑p-¡‑w ‑"-d‑m-W‑n-' U‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑nÂ e-£-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v H‑m-S‑v h‑n-ä‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H‑m-S‑n-\‑v `-b-¦-c s‑s‑S-ä‑v B-h‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ R‑m³ c‑mh‑n-s‑e A-Ð-d-l‑v-a‑m³-I‑m-¡(a-c‑n-¨‑p‑)-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-h‑p‑w. C-¡‑m-¡: "-F-´‑m A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m-t‑\?' "-I‑p-d-¨‑v H‑m-S‑v I‑n-«‑n-b‑mÂ.......' D-S-s‑\ a‑p-¡-t‑¯-¡‑v H‑m-S‑v ‑"-k‑v-s‑]-j‑yÂ ]‑m-Ê‑v-' B-I‑p‑w. ]-¯‑v t‑e‑m-U‑v H‑m-S‑v h-s‑c I-bä‑n-b Z‑n-h-k-§Ä D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑! 1990Â H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p: "-a‑p-¡¯‑v H-c‑p l‑mÀ-U‑v s‑h-bÀ t‑j‑m-¸‑v X‑p-S-§‑m³ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-a‑p->‑v.' "-h-f-s‑c \-Ã-X‑v-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑v ]‑qÀ-® ]‑n-´‑p-W X-¶‑p. 1990Â X-s‑¶ a‑p-¡-¯‑v Ø-e‑w h‑m-§‑m³ R‑m³ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v t‑N‑mZ‑n-¨‑p: "-F-´‑v h‑n-e h-c‑p‑w?' "-s‑kâ‑n-\‑v A-©-c e-£‑w c‑q-].' R‑m³ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

]-d-ª‑p. "-a‑p-¡-t‑¯‑m? A-X‑n-\‑v h‑oÂ ]‑n-S‑n-¸‑n¨‑v a‑nT‑m-b‑n-s‑¯-c‑p-h‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-t‑c->‑n h-c‑p‑w.' ]‑n-s‑¶ R‑m³ 2002Â X‑p-W‑n-j‑m-¸‑v X‑p-S-§‑m³ t‑N-Z‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-c‑n-]‑qÀ-® ]‑n-´‑p-W X-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-k-s‑¯-¡‑pd‑n-¨‑v ]-d-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, C-¡‑m-¡-s‑b A-h-k‑m-\‑w t‑\À-a‑mÀ-¤-¯‑nÂ I‑n-«‑m-\‑p-Å ]-c‑n-{‑i-a-¯‑nÂ R‑m-\‑p‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â a-I³ A-¨‑p-h‑n-s‑\ e->-\‑nÂ ] T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ R‑m³ B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨ k-a-b-¯‑v C-¡‑m-¡-t‑b‑m-S‑v A-¡‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª‑p. "-h-f-s‑c \-Ã-X‑v. t‑e‑m-I-h‑n-h-c‑w I‑n-«‑p‑w.' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a-d‑p-]-S‑n. C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v s‑I‑m-b‑n-e‑m->‑n-¡‑m-c³ e->³ A-Ð‑p-Ã‑m-¡ A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p-s‑>-¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p. H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶ N‑n-e s‑N-d‑n-b s‑Nd‑n-b I‑m-c‑y-§Ä R‑m-\‑n-h‑n-s‑S I‑p-d‑n-¡-s‑«: H-c‑n-¡Â h‑m-¸ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-F-\‑n-¡‑v s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I-W‑w.' R‑m³ t‑a‑m-t‑«‑mÀ s‑s‑k-¡‑vÄ H‑m-S‑n-¡‑m³ ]T‑n-¨ k-a-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. A-§-s‑\ R‑m³ l‑p-s‑s‑k³-I‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S (I‑p-ª‑m\‑m-¡‑) t‑a‑m-t‑«‑mÀ s‑s‑k-¡‑v-f‑nÂ h‑m-¸-s‑b I-b-ä‑n s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑nÂ s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ C-¡‑m-¡ h-c‑m-´-b‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-\‑n-¡‑v N‑mb-b‑p‑w I-S‑n-b‑p‑w X-¶-t‑i-j‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-\‑o s‑]‑m-b‑v-t‑¡‑m‑, h‑m-¸-s‑\ A-X‑nt‑·Â I-b-ä->‑, R‑m³ A-h‑n-s‑S C-d-¡‑n¯-c‑m‑w.' H-c‑n-¡Â R‑m-\‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S a-I³ \‑m-k-d‑p‑w t‑I‑m-«-½Â t‑a‑m-l³-Z‑m-k‑p‑w s‑I‑mf‑m-b‑n \‑m-k-d‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n h-e‑n-b-]-d-¼‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I‑m-f-¸‑q-«‑v I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. l‑p-s‑s‑k-\‑m-¡ (I‑p-ª‑m-\‑m-¡‑) s‑\-Ã‑n¡‑m-]-d-¼‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w \-S-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶-X‑v h-g‑n-b‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v I->‑p. I‑q-¸‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p-Å h-c-h‑m-W‑v. R-§-s‑f I->-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w _‑m-K‑v X‑p-d-¶‑v, "-\‑m-t‑k‑y‑, C-X‑v ]‑p-c-b‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w-' F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑v B-b‑n-c‑w c‑q-] \‑m-k‑n-d‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. R-§Ä B s‑s‑]-k-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n \‑m-S‑p-h‑n-«‑p.

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C-« jÀ-«‑p‑w a‑p->‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w t‑hj‑w. t‑\-s‑c ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-f‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑]-«‑n-b‑p‑w jÀ-«‑p‑w a‑p->‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v t‑\-s‑c X‑nc‑p-h-\-´-]‑p-c‑w... h‑n-h-c-a-d‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ C-¡‑m-¡ ]-d-ª-X‑v C-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-A-h-s‑c s‑X-c-b->‑, B-W‑p-§-ft‑Ã. s‑s‑]-k X‑oÀ-¶‑mÂ X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p h-c‑p‑w.' H-c‑m-g‑v-N s‑I‑m->‑v ]-W‑w X‑oÀ-¶‑p. R-§Ä X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. R‑m³ s‑N-d‑n-b I‑p-«‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶-t‑¸‑mÄ B-Z‑y-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ C-¡‑m-¡ \‑m-«‑nÂ h-c‑p-I P‑o-¸‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w c‑m-h‑n-s‑e P‑o-¸‑nÂ X-dh‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. R-§Ä I-f‑n-¡‑q-«‑pI‑mÀ A-X‑n-\‑p N‑p-ä‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n. R‑m³ F-s‑â N-§‑m-X‑n-a‑m-t‑c‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: R‑m³ C-X‑n-s‑â t‑_-¡‑nÂ X‑q-§‑p‑w. A-§-s‑\ P‑o-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ t‑_-¡‑nÂ X‑q-§‑n. A-§‑m-S‑n h‑o-S‑v (F.-F‑w.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w-I‑m-¡-b‑ps‑S h‑o-S‑v) -h-s‑c \‑n-e-¯‑p-c-¨‑p s‑I‑m>‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. a-e-b-½-¡‑m-c³ A-l‑v-a-Z‑v-I‑p-«‑n-I‑m-

¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S P‑o-¸‑n-s‑e s‑s‑{‑UhÀ. (A-t‑±-l‑w c->‑p-a‑m-k-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v A-Ã‑ml‑p-h‑n-t‑e-¡‑v b‑m-{‑X-b‑m-b‑n.‑) a‑p-¡-s‑¯ F-s‑â D-ä k‑p-l‑r-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-h-c-§Ä F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w B-c‑m-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑p-Ja‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X C-¡‑m-¡ s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑nÂ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑mW‑m³ h-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑p‑w h-¶‑p. s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p‑w t‑]-S‑n-¨‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p‑w I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑n-e‑p‑w‑, a‑p-I-f‑nÂ k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, A-h-k‑m-\ I‑m-e-L-«-¯‑nÂ I‑p-d-ª k-a-b‑w H-c‑p close friend s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e A-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑v X-a‑m-i-b‑p‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-h‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑p‑w \‑y‑q-k‑v I‑m-W-e‑p‑w H-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B k-a-b-¯‑p‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v {‑I-jÀ F-´‑m-b‑n F-s‑¶Ã‑m‑w A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p‑w. h‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑i-j‑w‑, D-½ a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c‑, F-Ã‑m R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w a‑p-S-§‑m-s‑X C-¡‑m-¡ X-d-h‑m-«‑nÂ h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä ]-{‑´>‑v a-¡-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑q-¯-X‑v C-¡‑m-¡. H-c‑p s‑]-§Ä R‑m³ P-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v a-c‑n-¨‑p. R‑m-\‑m-W‑v C-f-b-h³. C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S A-h-k‑m-\-k-a-b-§f‑nÂ I‑q-s‑S I-g‑n-b‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S I‑n-S-¡‑m-\‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ \‑m-Y³ F-\‑n-¡‑v A-h-k-c‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. B a‑p-J‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-b‑n-Ã. \-ã-a‑m-b-X‑v ‑"-h‑m-¸-b‑p‑w‑' k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-\‑p‑w "-a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-'-b‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-e‑p-a‑p-]-c‑n t‑¢‑m-k‑v {‑^³-U‑p-a‑m-W‑v. I have lost my close friend forever.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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C-¡m-¡-bp-sS B-Zy-Ip-¸m-b-hpw A-h-km-\- Ip-¸m-b-hpw

s‑s‑i Sn. A-lv-a-Zv (_m-¸p I-¡m-Sv) s]-§-fp-sS aI³ dn«. A-[ym-]I³

-i-h-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ D-½ a-c‑n-¨‑p. H‑mÀ½ s‑h-¨ I‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑mc-I-s‑¯ D-½-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ‑"-D-½-' F-¶ c->£-c‑w. a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-¯‑v X-d-h‑m-«‑nÂ _‑m-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w D-½-t‑b‑mS‑p‑w ]-X‑n-s‑\‑m-¶‑v a-¡-t‑f‑m-S‑p-s‑a‑m-¸‑w ]-{‑´->‑m-a-\‑m-b‑n h-fÀ-¶‑p. k‑wc-£-W-¯‑n-\‑v h‑n-[-h-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ _‑o-a‑m-¨‑n F-¶ k-´-X-k-l-N‑mc‑n-b‑p‑w R-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w D->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B ]-X‑n-\-©‑w-K-I‑p-S‑p‑w_-¯‑n-s‑e I‑q-«‑p-P‑o-h‑n-X‑w F-¶‑p‑w k‑v-a‑r-X‑n-b‑nÂ D->‑v. k‑n-d‑m-P‑pÂ C-k‑v-e‑m‑w a-{‑Z-k-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B-Z‑yh‑n-Z‑y‑m-e-b‑w. B-Z‑y-I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w: F‑w.-F.-¡‑m-¡ s‑a-{‑S‑n-¡‑p-t‑e-j³ I-g‑n-ª‑p a-ch‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑nÂ GÀ-s‑¸-«-t‑X‑ms‑S R-§Ä {‑]-b‑m-k-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w I-c-I-b-d‑n. s‑]-c‑p-¶‑mÄ‑, t‑\‑m-¼‑v, k‑v-¡‑qÄ X‑p-d-¡Â X‑p-S§‑n-b k-t‑´‑m-j-\‑n-a‑n-j-§-f‑nÂ {‑U-Ê‑p-I-f‑p‑w ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§-f‑p‑w C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S h-I-b‑m-b‑n. a-{‑Z-kb‑nÂ B-Z‑y‑w t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ C-« B-Z‑y-s‑¯ I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w C-¡‑m-¡ h‑m§‑n-¯-¶-X‑v H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-e‑p->‑v. {‑I-a-¯‑nÂ‑, C-¡‑m-¡ s‑]‑mb‑n-e‑nÂ X‑m-a-k‑w X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v a‑pXÂ F-Ã‑m H-g‑n-h‑p-Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w R-§Ä I‑q-«-a‑m-b‑n s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑n-t‑e¡‑p‑w X-d-½-t‑e-¡‑p‑w a‑m-f‑n-t‑b-¡-t‑e¡‑p‑w ‑"-]‑mÀ-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-IÂ' -Ø‑n-ck‑z-`‑m-h-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¡‑m-¡ I‑q-¸‑v(a-c‑)h‑y-h-k‑m-bFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 170

¯‑nÂ A-`‑n-h‑r-²‑n {‑]‑m-]‑n-¡‑p‑w-t‑X‑md‑p‑w R-§-f‑p-s‑S B-h-i‑y-§-f‑p‑w I‑qS‑n-h-¶‑p. F-´‑v B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-«‑m-e‑p‑w A-X‑v \‑q-d‑v-i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p-X-c‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c C-¡‑m-¡b‑p-s‑S h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑v A-k‑z-Ø-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v P-a‑o-e A-½‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª-X‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-©‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ D->‑m-b H-c‑p h-b-d‑p-t‑h-Z-\ ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v I-e‑n¡-ä‑v t‑\-g‑v-k‑n‑w-K‑v t‑l‑m-a‑nÂ s‑I‑m>‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑m-W‑v N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. S‑n.-S‑n.-k‑n.¡‑v ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-C.F-k‑v. k‑v-t‑¡‑m-fÀ-j‑n-¸‑v e-`‑n-¡‑m³ A-¶-s‑¯ F‑w.-C.-F-k‑v. {‑]-k‑nUâ‑v t‑U‑m. F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-Ã-b‑v-¡‑v I-¯‑v X-¶-X‑p‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w k‑v-a-c‑n¡‑m-d‑p->‑v. a-c‑p-a-I-s‑â H-c‑p t‑P‑m-e‑n¡‑m-c‑y‑w ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v X-s‑¶ s‑^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹-b‑nÂ k‑q-] À-h‑n-j³ X-k‑v-X‑n-I-b‑nÂ \‑n-b-a‑n-¨‑p. A-h-k‑m-\-s‑¯ I‑p-¸‑m-b‑w: a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w h‑o-«‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m-¯ jÀ-«‑v, ]‑mâ‑vk‑v F-¶‑n-h P-a‑o-e A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w F‑w.-F. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³¡‑m-¡ h-g‑n F‑w.-F. k-e‑m‑w a‑m-Ì-d‑n-e‑q-s‑S R‑m³ [-c‑n-¡-Ws‑a-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â h‑n-[‑n. A-§-s‑\ B-Z‑y-I‑p-¸‑m-b-h‑p‑w A-h-k‑m-\-s‑¯ I‑p-¸‑m-b-h‑p‑w [-c‑n¡‑m-\‑p-Å `‑m-K‑y‑w e-`‑n-¨‑p. AÂ-l‑wZ‑p e‑n-Ã‑m-l‑v. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-\‑p-{‑K-l‑n¡-s‑«.

A-fn-b-\pw A-fn-b-\pw

R‑m

³ s‑N-d‑n-b c‑oX‑n-b‑nÂ I‑q-¸‑p‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. F-s‑â D-¸ (aÀ-l‑q‑w I‑p-d‑p-¡³-]‑p-d-¯‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n‑)-A-¶‑v h-e‑n-b c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-e-¼‑qÀ‑, I‑p-S-I‑v, X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v F-¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ a-c-¡-¨-h-Sh‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑p‑w B-b‑n H‑m-S‑p-¶ k-ab‑w. D-¸ h-e‑n-b t‑Z-j‑y-¡‑m-c-\‑p‑w a‑p³-t‑I‑m-]‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p (B-hi‑y-¯‑n-\‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w‑). B-b-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑v R‑m-\-¶‑v D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S h-Ã‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-h‑m-d‑n-Ã. A-f‑n-b\‑p‑w (F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑v‑) D-¸-b‑p‑w \-Ã k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p¡-f‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-b‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v A-f‑n-b³ F-s‑¶ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑«¡‑v h‑n-f‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. A-¶‑v C-¶-s‑¯-t‑¸‑m-s‑e h‑m-l-\-K-X‑m-K-X-a‑n-Ã. ]‑m-e-§-f‑pa‑n-Ã. P‑o-¸‑n-\‑v t‑]‑m-h-W-s‑a-¦‑nÂ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I-d-§-W‑w. F-f‑p-¸‑w N‑m-e‑n-b‑mÀ h-g‑n-b‑p-Å t‑X‑m-W‑nb‑m-{‑X-b‑m-W‑v. a-c‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑mh‑p-¶ t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑nÂ b‑m-{‑X-s‑Nb‑v-X‑v I-Ã‑m-b‑n-Â C-d-§‑n t‑\-s‑c ]-¶‑n-b-¦-c h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v. A-h‑n-s‑Ss‑b-¯‑n-b-X‑p‑w ]‑p-g-a‑o-\‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n D‑u-W‑p I-g‑n-¨‑p. h‑n-t‑i-j-§Ä H‑m-t‑c‑m-¶‑m-b‑n t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑m-W‑v A-f‑n-b-s‑â H-c‑p s‑s‑i-e‑n. F-´‑v K‑u-c-h-a‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w h-f-s‑c k‑m-h-[‑m\-¯‑nÂ ]-d-b‑p‑w. B \‑m-h‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p A-`‑n-\-µ-\-h‑p‑w A‑w-

K‑o-I‑m-c-h‑p‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v h-fs‑c k-t‑´‑m-j-a‑p->‑m-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-f‑n-b-s‑â I‑q-s‑S R‑m³ a-k‑vt‑¡‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v (a-c-¡-¼-\‑n‑) t‑]‑m-b‑n. I-¼-\‑n s‑a‑m-¯‑w \-S-¶‑v I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p. C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑v H‑m-t‑c‑m a-c-§Ä I‑m-W‑n-¨‑v G-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑p‑w A-s‑X{‑X I‑y‑q-_‑n-¡‑v h-c‑p-s‑a-¶‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-\‑n-¡-d‑nb‑m-h‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ R‑m³ a-d‑p-]-S‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶ H‑m-^‑ok‑n-t‑e-¡‑p \-S-¶‑p. H‑m-t‑c‑m ‑"-k‑p-s‑s‑ea‑m-\‑n‑' ]-d-ª‑p. F-\‑n-¡-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H-c‑p ]‑n-S‑p-¯-h‑p‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-Ã‑, F-´‑n\‑m-W‑m-t‑h‑m C-{‑X-b‑p‑w k-k‑v-]³-k‑v! "-_‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ F-s‑â I‑q-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-t‑¡‑m‑, aÀ-¡-c ]‑p-X‑ns‑b‑m-c‑p I‑q-¸‑v h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑n-«‑p->‑v, F-Ã‑m-b‑n-S-¯‑p‑w I-s‑®-¯‑n-Ã.' N‑m-b-I‑p-S‑n I-g‑n-ª‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p. D-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑v R‑m³ ]-d-b‑m‑w F-¶‑p-I‑q-S‑n ]-d-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ F-\‑n¡‑v h-e‑n-b k-t‑´‑m-j-a‑m-b‑n. a-k‑v-t‑¡‑m-«‑v I-¼-\‑n a-c-¡-¨-hS-¯‑nÂ ]-S‑n-]-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p h-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. \‑n-d-ª a-\-Ê‑p-a‑m-b‑m-W‑v R‑m³ h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑p X‑n-c‑n-¨-X‑v. A-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w X-s‑¶ P‑o-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p t‑I‑mg‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑«-¯‑n. t‑\-s‑c A-f‑n-b-s‑â I‑q-s‑S IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-s‑e s‑a-S‑n-t‑¡c‑n(Z-l-\-a-e‑)\‑m-\‑q-d‑v G-¡-t‑d‑mf‑w h-c‑p-¶ I‑q-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v. I‑p-s‑d ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑p‑w B-\-b‑p‑w t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑p‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A-en Fw.-sI. Io-gp-]-d-¼v s]-§Ä B-bn-i-bp-sS `À-¯mhv. hy-h-kmbn

]-t£, A-hn-sSbpw A-fn-b³ F-s¶ sR-«n¨p. \n-e-¼qÀ Im-fn-tNm-e Iq-¸p hn-fn-s¨-Sp¯v A-sX-s¶ kz-´-am-bn G-ev-]n-¡pI-bpw C-\n ap-XÂ H-ä-bv-¡v I-¨-h-Sw \-S-¯W-sa-¶pw F-Ãm-¯n-\pw Iq-sS-bp-@m-hpsa-¶pw ]-d-ªp.

ktlmZcn BbnibpsS `À¯mhv Fw.sI. AenbpsS (teJI³) ]nXmhv Iogp]d¼v a®nÂ sXmSnI Ipdp¡p]pd¯v apl½Zv lmPnbpsS IqsS.

F-Ã‑m-a‑m-b‑n X‑n-c-¡‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑q-¸‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. F-s‑¶ I-¨-h-S‑w ]T‑n¸‑n-¡‑m³ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n¡‑p‑w‑, a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ A-{‑K-K-W‑y-\‑m-b‑, k‑z-´‑w A-f‑n-b-s‑â I‑q-s‑S D-¸ F-s‑¶ h‑n-«-s‑X-¶‑v F-\‑n¡‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b‑n. F-\‑n-¡-¶‑v s‑l-h‑n s‑s‑{‑U-h‑n‑w-K‑v s‑s‑e-k³-k‑p>‑v. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ B-Cj-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m³ B-{‑K-l‑w h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑nÂ t‑e‑m-U‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑\-s‑c t‑I‑mg‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑«-¡‑v h‑n-S‑p‑w. A-§-s‑\ I‑p-S-I‑v, s‑_S‑p-I‑p-f‑n F-t‑Ì-ä‑v, \‑n-e¼‑qÀ X‑p-S-§‑n [‑m-c‑m-f‑w I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ C-c‑p-]-X‑v hÀ-j-t‑¯‑m-f‑w R‑m³ A-f‑n-b-s‑â I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-b‑n-S-¡‑mW‑v A-f‑n-b-s‑â {‑]-[‑m-\ ]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n \‑o-e-¡>‑n l‑m-P‑n-b‑mÀ‑, A-_‑q_-¡À-¡ h-f-]-«-W‑w

X‑p-S-§‑n-b-hÀ h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑X‑m-S‑p I‑q-S‑n A-f‑n-b³ t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-®‑m-SI-b‑n-e‑p‑w A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ {‑]-a‑p-J a-c-h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b‑n h-fÀ-¶‑p. C-S-b‑v-¡‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w: "-C-\‑n D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S I‑q-S‑n-t‑b‑m k‑z-´-a‑m-t‑b‑m I‑q-¸‑p-IÄ F-S‑p-¡-W‑w.' D-¸-s‑b-¡‑mÄ h-e‑n-b I-¨h-S-¡‑m-c³ B-h-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w D-]-t‑Z-i‑n-¨‑p. A-f‑n-b-s‑â B X-W-e‑nÂ \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ k‑p-J‑w A-X‑n-\‑p->‑m-h‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p‑w Fâ‑p¸‑m-¡‑v s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v t‑Z-j‑y‑w h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p-Å N‑o-¯-h‑n-f‑nb‑p‑w t‑]-S‑n-¨‑n-«‑m-h‑m‑w X‑p-S-¡¯‑nÂ R‑m-\-X‑n-\‑p a‑p-X‑nÀ¶‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-f‑n-b³ F-s‑¶ s‑R-«‑n¨‑p. \‑n-e-¼‑qÀ I‑m-f‑n-t‑N‑m-e I‑q-¸‑p h‑n-f‑n-s‑¨-S‑p-¯‑v A-s‑X-s‑¶ k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n G-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w C-\‑n Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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a‑p-XÂ H-ä-b‑v-¡‑v I-¨-h-S‑w \-S-¯-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-¯‑n\‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->m-h‑p-s‑a-¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑p. A-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w ]‑n-s‑¶ X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p t‑\‑m-t‑¡->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑n-Ã. B s‑s‑I-¸‑p-W‑y‑w A-Ã‑m-l‑p-h‑n-s‑â A-\‑p-{‑K-l-a‑mb‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v e-`‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑>b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. kÀ-¡‑mÀ-h-I a-c-§Ä a‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ t‑Ì H‑mÀU-À h-c‑p-¶-X‑p h-s‑c-b‑p-Å B k‑p-hÀ-®-I‑m-e-L-«‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w h‑n-k‑v-a-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑mh‑n-Ã. F-´‑v k-¦-S-a‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w \‑n-d-ª ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å B k-a‑o-]-\‑w. F-{‑X K‑u-c-h-a‑p-Å k‑w-K-X‑n-b‑p‑w A-f‑n-b-s‑â a‑p¼‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ s‑F-k‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e D-c‑p-I‑n-t‑¸‑m-h‑p-¶X‑p‑w F-´‑v {‑]-i‑v-\‑w h-¶‑me‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑p-e‑p-¡-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X t‑\-c‑n-S‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p-Å X-t‑â-Sh‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑n-e‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w a-cW‑w‑, A-k‑p-J‑w‑, I-e‑y‑m-W‑w F-¶‑n-X‑y‑m-Z‑n k-µÀ-`-§-f‑n-s‑e I-¿-b-ª‑p-Å k-l‑m-b-§f‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§Ä I->-d‑n-ª‑p s‑N-¿‑m-\‑p-Å B a-\-Ê‑p‑w k‑vt‑\-l-h‑p‑w... H-¶‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d-¡‑m-h‑p-¶-X-Ã. P-\-§Ä-¡‑p t‑h->‑n a‑m{‑X‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I¯‑v J‑m-k‑n A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑p‑w s‑]-c‑pa-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v, I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑pI‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-]-ä‑m³ B h-e‑n-b a-\-Ê‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v ]-c-t‑e‑m-I-k‑pJ‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-a‑m-d‑m-I-s‑« F-¶‑v {‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v.

ho-c-\m-b aq-¯m-¸

h‑o

-c-I-Y-IÄ t‑I-«‑v h-fÀ¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ A-¶‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-e‑n-b Ø‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ B-f‑m-W‑v a‑q-¯‑m-¸. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑p X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p D-bÀ-¶ P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑s‑i-e‑n-b‑nÂ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-¶-s‑¯ X‑p-Ñ-a‑m-b A-[‑y‑m-]-I-h-c‑p-a‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m->‑v A-Ã-e-d‑n-b‑m-s‑X R-§-s‑f h-fÀ¯‑m³ D-¸ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I-ã-s‑¸-«‑n«‑p->‑m-h-W‑w. h-e‑n-b‑p-¸ a-c‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v X-d-h‑m-S‑n-s‑â I‑m-c-W-hÀ Ø‑m-\‑w h-l‑n-¨‑ps‑I‑m->‑v H-c‑p h-e‑n-b‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S h‑mÕ-e‑y-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§-t‑f‑mS‑v a‑q-¯‑m-¸ s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-d‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. M.A.F-¶ C-\‑o-j‑y-e‑n-\‑v Master of Arts‑ F-¶-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑mÄ R-§Ä-¡‑v h-e‑n-¸-a‑p->‑m-¡‑n-¯¶-X‑nÂ a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑p-Å ]-¦‑v \‑n-k‑v-X-p-e-a‑m-W‑v.

h-f-s‑c k‑p-µ-c-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S h-k‑v-{‑X-[‑m-c-Ws‑s‑i-e‑n F-S‑p-¯‑p ]-d-t‑b->H-¶‑m-W‑v. N‑p-f‑n-h‑v h‑o-g‑m-¯ X‑q-s‑h-Å jÀ-«‑p‑w C-k‑v-X‑n-c‑n-s‑¸«‑n-b‑mÂ a-S-¡‑p-X‑oÀ-¯ ]‑mâ‑vk‑p‑w C-«‑p h-c‑p-¶-X‑v I->mÂ B-c‑p‑w H-¶‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑n-t‑¸‑m-h‑p‑w. X‑m-a-k‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑m-s‑W-¦‑ne‑p‑w h-e‑n-b‑p-½-s‑b I‑m-W‑m³ R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N-I-f‑nÂ a‑p-S-§‑ms‑X a‑q-¯‑m-¸ h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-X‑n-ª i-Ð-¯‑nÂ h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-¨‑p a‑m-{‑X-t‑a k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑pI-b‑p-Å‑p-s‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B-s‑c-b‑p‑w h‑n-j-a‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-¯ {‑]-I‑r-X‑w. t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ h-e‑y‑p-½-b‑p-s‑S a-c‑p-¶‑v h‑m-§‑ns‑¡‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ U‑y‑q-«‑n F-\‑n-¡‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ "-a-c‑p-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ h‑m-§‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-t‑¯‑m-' F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶ I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ B-Z‑y‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-I.

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Fw.-F. A-ao³ A-\nb-³ AÐp-Ê-em-ansâ aI³. C³-jq-d³kv Hm-^okÀ, sSm-tbm-«, J¯À

D½-bpsS a¿n¯v sImSn-b-¯qÀ ]Ån-bnÂ {]th-in¡pw hsc A\p-K-an¨ At±lw a¿n¯v \a-kv¡mcw Ignbpw hsc ]pd¯v Im¯p-\n-¶p. \nd-I-®p-I-tfmsS Xsâ {]nb-s¸-«-hsc A´y-bm-{X-bm-¡p-t¼mgpw Xm³ hniz-kn¨ BZÀi-¯nÂ \n¶pw AWp hnS hyXn-N-en-¡m¯ a\-¡-cp-¯nsâ t]cm-bn-cp¶p Fw.-F. apl-½-Zv.

H-cp- Po-hnXw H-cp-]m-Sv ]mT§Ä

2008 tUm. Fw.-F. A-Pv-aÂ ap-Cu³ A-\nb-³ AÐp-Ê-em-ansâ aI³. Akn. s{]m-^kÀ Fw.F.Fw.H. tIm-tfmPv ap¡w.

Â X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v kÀk-¿‑n-Z‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑m-h‑m-\‑p-Å k‑m-[‑y-X G-X‑m->‑v i-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b L-«-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v `‑m-K-¯‑v, a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v \-Ã _-Ô-§Ä D-Å-X‑n-\‑mÂ a‑q¯‑m-¸-s‑b H-¶‑v I->‑v h‑n-h-c‑w ]-d-b‑m³ F-s‑â D-¸ B-h-i‑ys‑¸-«-X‑v. a‑q-¯‑m-¸ t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-Ã‑m R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-c‑p‑w. B R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑v-N R‑m³ a‑q-¯‑m-¸-s‑b I->‑v h‑n-h-c‑w ]-d-ª‑p. "-X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑m-t‑W‑m‑, F-¶‑mÂ I‑m-b‑n‑w-¡-s‑b I->‑mÂ a-X‑n.' ]-X‑n-ª k‑z-c-¯‑nÂ k‑vt‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p-Å \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑w. 2006-2007Â _‑n.-F-U‑v. s‑N¿‑m³ X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v t‑I-b‑o-k‑m-l‑n-_‑v s‑{‑S-b‑n-\‑n‑w-K‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¶X‑v a‑p-XÂ t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v K-t‑h-W‑n‑w-K‑v t‑_‑m-U‑n s‑N-bÀ-a‑m³ I‑m-b‑n‑w-¡ F-¶ I‑m-b‑n-a A-Ð‑pÂ-J‑m-ZÀ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m-d‑p-s‑>Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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¦‑n-e‑p‑w a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S k‑p-l‑r¯‑m-s‑W-t‑¶‑m a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑v X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v D->‑m-b‑nc‑p-s‑¶-t‑¶‑m F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. a‑q-¯‑m-¸ ]-d-ª-X-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v R‑m³ I-®‑qÀ h-f-]-«-W‑w ]‑m-e‑w I-S-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑o-«‑n-s‑e¯‑n. F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑n-b-s‑â a-I-\‑m-s‑W-¶-d‑n-ª-t‑X‑m-s‑S R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑z-´‑w a-I-\‑mb‑n a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\-d‑n-b‑m‑w. H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯s‑c-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b A-t‑\‑z-jW-§Ä. F-s‑â a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S h-e‑n-¸-h‑p‑w k‑z‑m-[‑o-\-h‑p‑w R‑m³ A-§-I-s‑e \‑n-¶‑v A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑X-P-Ê‑mÀ-¶ a‑p-J‑w‑, ]-X‑n-ª i-Ð‑w. B-Z-c-t‑h‑m-S‑p‑w _-l‑p-a‑m-\t‑¯‑m-S‑p-a-Ã‑m-s‑X H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑me‑p‑w B h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-t‑\‑m-S‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑y‑m-c-I-s‑¯ c->‑m‑w X-e-a‑p-db‑n-s‑e R-§-f‑m-c‑p‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑nt‑«-b‑n-Ã. h-e‑y-a‑q-¯‑m-¸ R-§Ä

I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f B-s‑c-b‑p‑w H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w i-I‑m-c‑n-¨-t‑X‑m N‑o-¯ ]-d-ª-t‑X‑m H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-t‑e C-Ã. I-e‑y‑m-W-§Ä-¡‑p‑w kÂ-¡‑m-c§Ä-¡‑p‑w a‑q-¯‑m-¸ h-¶‑mÂ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w H-¶‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑p‑w‑, A-S‑p-¯‑v-I‑q-S‑p‑w‑, A-e‑v-]‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑]-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã R-§Ä-¡‑v; C-ã‑w‑, _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑w‑, k‑v-t‑\-l‑w ]‑n-s‑¶ F-s‑´‑m-s‑¡t‑b‑m B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ a‑q-¯‑m¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« _o-¨nse ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑nÂ A-]‑m-¸ R-§-s‑f s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m\‑m-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n I-b-d‑n-b ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑v A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-«‑m-a-s‑¯-t‑b‑m H-¼-X‑m-a-s‑¯-t‑b‑m \‑n-e-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v {‑K‑nÂ-k‑v h-e‑n-¨-S-¨‑v e‑n-^‑vä‑nÂ I-b-d‑n-b‑p-Å A-Z‑v-`‑p-X-b‑m-{‑X. a‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a-«‑p-¸‑m-h‑nÂ I-b-d‑n t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑mÂ ]-c‑p-´‑p-IÄ B-I‑m-i-¯‑v h-«-a‑n«‑v ]-d-¡‑p-¶-X‑v I‑m-W‑m‑w. X‑m-s‑g I‑m-d‑p‑w t‑e‑m-d‑n-b‑p‑w ]‑m-b‑p-¶-X‑v I‑mW‑m‑w. P-a‑o-e a‑q-¯-½ D->‑m-¡‑n¯-c‑p-¶ N‑m-b-b‑p‑w ]-e-l‑m-c-h‑p‑w C-ã‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e X‑n-¶‑m‑w. a‑q-¯‑m-¸ ]‑n-s‑¶ ]-¶‑n-b-¦-cb‑n-s‑e ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w t‑N-h‑mb‑q-c‑nÂ h‑o-S‑p->‑m-¡‑n a‑m-d‑n. k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v, H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w A-¨‑p-h‑p‑w (a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v) A-k‑n-b‑p‑w (N‑m-¯-¸-d-¼‑nÂ A-j‑v-d-^‑v _‑n-¨‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S a-I³‑) F-Ã‑m‑w I‑q-s‑S t‑N-h‑m-b‑q-c‑n-s‑e a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑ps‑S h‑o-S‑v I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. B I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-X‑n-K‑w-`‑o-c-h‑o-S‑v. k‑zÀ-¤-t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯-¯‑n-b R-§Ä¡‑v A-h‑n-s‑S ]-c‑n-]‑qÀ-® k‑z‑mX-{‑´‑y‑w. A-¶‑v I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-«‑n-b h‑n-I‑r-X‑n-¯-c-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-_-²§Ä-¡‑p‑w I-¿‑p‑w-I-W-¡‑p-a‑n-Ã.

F-Ã‑m‑w I->‑n-«‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m-¯-t‑]‑ms‑e a‑q-¯‑m-¸. F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â A-\‑n-b-s‑â a-I³ F-¶-X‑v F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F-h‑ns‑S-b‑p‑w H-c‑p s‑F-Uâ‑n-ä‑n-b‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v F-§-s‑\s‑b‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-ds‑¨‑m-s‑¡ F-X‑nÀ-¸‑p‑w i-{‑X‑p-Xb‑p‑w F-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ D->‑m-h‑p‑w‑, D-d-¸‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑mÂ F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-t‑\‑m-S‑v, B H-c‑p s‑FUâ‑n-ä‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v, P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑n¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\-l-a-Ã‑m-s‑X a-säm¶pw A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑nª‑n-«‑n-Ã. k‑m-a‑q-l‑n-I-h‑p‑w k‑m-¼-¯‑nI-h‑p‑w a-X-]-c-h‑p-a‑m-b A-t‑\-I‑w I‑m-c-W-§-f‑mÂ N‑p-ä‑n-e‑p‑w F-X‑nc‑m-f‑n-I-f‑p‑w i-I‑m-c-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-dª‑m-S‑m³ F-Ã‑m k‑m-[‑y-X-I-f‑pa‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-¡‑v, A-¯-c‑w F-X‑nÀ-i-Ð-§-s‑f H-¶‑p‑w X-s‑¶ C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑n‑, X‑m³ C-S-]-g-I‑n-b H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-s‑c-s‑¡‑m->‑p‑w \-Ã-X‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w ]-d-b‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ F-§-s‑\ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑¶p F-¶ N‑n-´-b‑m-W‑v a‑q-¯‑m-¸-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v I‑q-S‑p-XÂ ] T‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑m-\‑p‑w X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w P-\‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. 2008Â a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v I‑pS‑p‑w-_-k‑w-K-a-t‑¯‑m-S-\‑p-_-Ô‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w X-¿‑md‑m-¡‑m-\‑p-Å N‑p-a-X-e X-e-b‑nÂ h-¶‑p-h‑o-W‑p. ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-t‑e¡‑p-Å I->â‑n-\‑m-b‑n H-c‑p Z‑n-hk‑w a‑q-¯‑m-¸-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w k‑w-k‑mc‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H‑m-t‑c‑m t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w B-ä‑n-¡‑p-d‑p-¡‑n-b‑p-Å s‑I‑m-¨‑ps‑I‑m-¨‑p a-d‑p-]-S‑n-IÄ. ‑"-X-Å‑n-a-d‑n¡‑m³-' F-{‑X-s‑b-{‑X I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w I-Y-I-f‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-¨‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w. A-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. 2008Â C-d§‑n-b a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑n C-h‑n-S‑w

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D-½-bm-bn-cp-¶p ap-¯m-¸-bp-sS _-e-hpw _-e-lo\-X-bpw. D-½bp-sS A-h-km\-\m-fp-I-fnÂ Ir-Xy-am-bn Hm-tcm B-gvN-bpw X-dhm-«n-se-¯n D-½-tbm-sSm-¶n¨n-cp-¶v Im-cy§Ä A-t\zjn-¡p-I-bpw G-ä-hpw an-I-¨ tUm-ÎÀ-am-sc D-½-bv-¡m-bn \nÀ-t±-in-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-ambn-cp-¶p. D-½ a-cn-¨-t¸mÄ H-cp sIm-¨p-Ip«n-sb-t¸m-se hn-Xp-¼p-¶ aq-¯m-¸-bp-sS ap-Jw C-t¸m-gpw a-\-Ên-ep@v.

h-s‑c F-¯‑n \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ F‑w.-F.a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ a-l‑m-a-\‑o-j‑n-s‑b I‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å N-c‑n-{‑X‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W-¯‑ns‑e G-X‑m-\‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑m-W‑v C-\‑n I‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c-s‑â I-Y:]-Þ‑n-X ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-a‑p-Å s‑]‑m-¶‑m-\‑n-b‑ns‑e a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v a-J‑v-Z‑q‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ i‑m-J-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-K-Û-]-Þ‑n-X³ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S a‑q¯-]‑p-{‑X³ s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ X-s‑â X-«-I‑w I-¨-h-S-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-c‑p-]-X‑v h-bÊ‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I-¨h-S-c‑w-K-t‑¯-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-¡-s‑¯ _‑o-c‑m³-I‑p-«‑n l‑m-P‑n‑, h-b-e‑nÂ a-½-Z‑v l‑m-P‑n‑, ]‑q-\‑q-c‑n-s‑e BÀ. a-c-¡‑mÀ l‑m-P‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b X-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑â k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡f‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p-a‑m-b B-f‑p-If‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä. s‑N-d‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑n-b a-c-¡-¨-h-S‑w h-f-s‑c s‑]-s‑«-¶‑p X-s‑¶ B I‑m-e-s‑¯ B-IÀj-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑q-¸‑v A-Xm‑ bXv h-\‑w kÀ-¡‑m-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w ]‑m-«-¯‑n-s‑\-S‑p-¯‑v a-c‑w s‑h-«‑n h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ h³-I‑n-S a-c-h‑y-h-k‑mb-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-fÀ-¶‑p. B-Z‑y-I‑me-¯‑v a‑p-¡‑w _‑n.-]‑n. I‑p-ª‑m-e‑n l‑m-P‑n-b‑p-s‑a‑m-¯‑v K‑q-U-Ã‑q-c‑nÂ I‑q-¸‑v \-S-¯‑n-b A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑n-¶‑oS‑v X-s‑â X-«-I‑w I-®‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I‑q-S‑n h‑y‑m-]‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑n-s‑e ]‑n.-k‑n.-]‑n. I‑p-ª-Ð‑p-Ã l‑m-P‑n-b‑ps‑S I‑q-s‑S B-e-t‑¡‑m-S‑n-\-S‑p-¯‑p-Å H-ä-s‑s‑¯ a-e-h‑m-c-¯‑n-s‑e I‑q-¸‑v ]-W‑n-b‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v s‑h-t‑Ì¬ C-´‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v-k‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w `‑m-cX‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v-k‑n-s‑â-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w a-c‑w t‑I‑m¬-{‑S‑m-Î‑p‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯-t‑X‑m-s‑S a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e a-c-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑e F-®-s‑¸-« \‑m-a-a‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.- a‑m-d‑p-

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I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S-I‑v, N‑m-e-¡‑p-S‑n‑, K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ‑, s‑\-Ã‑n-b‑m-¼-X‑n‑, B-d-f‑w‑, X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑v, A-«-¸‑m-S‑n X‑p-S-§‑n t‑Ic-f-¯‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w IÀ-®‑m-S-I-¯‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w \‑n-c-h-[‑n I‑q-¸‑p-IÄ A-t‑±-l‑w ]‑m-«-¯‑n-s‑\-S‑p-¯‑v \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p->mb‑n. 1982Â ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e‑, {‑_‑n-«‑o-j‑v `-c-W-I‑m-e-¯‑v Ø‑m-]‑n-X-a‑m-b‑, I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§‑nb-t‑X‑m-s‑S H‑m-S‑v, C-ã‑n-I X‑p-S-§‑n-bh-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑m-e-a‑m-b I-f‑n-a¬-h‑yh-k‑m-b t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯-¡‑v A-t‑±-l‑w I-S-¶‑p-h-¶‑p. X-IÀ-¨-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \‑o-§‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶ I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-s‑b h-f-s‑c s‑]s‑«-¶‑p X-s‑¶ a‑p³-\‑n-c H‑m-S‑p-\‑nÀ½‑m-W I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑p k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n h‑m-§‑n-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S X-s‑â _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v X-«-I‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n. 1990Â Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e-s‑¯ X-s‑â a-c-h‑y-h-k‑m-¯‑n-s‑e _-Ô-§-f‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑p‑w s‑s‑I-a‑p-X-e‑m-¡‑n ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-\-S‑p-¯‑v I‑m-c‑m-S‑nÂ N‑me‑n-b‑mÀ ]‑p-g-b‑p-s‑S X‑o-c-¯‑v ^-t‑d‑ms‑s‑¹ F-¶ t‑]-c‑nÂ H-c‑p B-[‑p\‑n-I s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n A-t‑±-l‑w Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->m-b‑n. t‑I-h-e‑w s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-¯‑n-\-¸‑p-d‑w s‑^-t‑d‑m t‑_‑mÀ-U‑v, d-ºÀ-h‑p-U‑v {‑S‑o-ä‑v-s‑aâ‑v ¹‑mâ‑v X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-b‑p‑w {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X ^‑m-Î-d‑n-b‑nÂ X‑p-SÀ-hÀj-§-f‑nÂ Ø‑m-]‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑p. ¹‑m-t‑â-j³ t‑a-J-e-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p {‑]-[‑m-\t‑a-J-e. h-b-\‑m-S‑v, K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ X‑p-S§‑n h‑n-h‑n-[ Ø-e-§-f‑nÂ I‑m-¸‑n‑, t‑X-b‑n-e t‑X‑m-«-§Ä h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p h‑m-§‑n h‑n-P-b-I-c-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¯‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. X-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e-a‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w B H-c‑p k-a-b-s‑¯ a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑v s‑{‑S³-U‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª A-t‑±-l‑w

t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-e‑p‑w IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-e‑pa‑m-b‑n \‑n-c-h-[‑n {‑I-jÀ b‑q-\‑n-ä‑pIÄ B-c‑w-`‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w ]‑p-X‑n-b t‑a-J-e-b‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-P-b-s‑¡‑m-S‑n ]‑m-d‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. X-s‑â I-¨-h-S--h‑y-h-k‑m-b-]²-X‑n-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w a-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑ms‑c-b‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-s‑f-b‑p‑w ]-¦‑m-f‑n-I-f‑m-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w X-s‑¶ a-S‑n-¨‑n-Ã. s‑I‑mS‑p‑w ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w Z‑m-c‑n-{‑Z‑y¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w h-d‑p-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I-Y-IÄ a‑m-{‑X‑w ]-d-b‑m-\‑p-Å B-b‑n-c-¯‑n s‑X‑m-Å‑m-b‑n-c-¯‑n F-g‑p-]-X‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w F¬-]-X‑pI-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w k-a‑o-]-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w \‑n-ch-[‑n h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ B-l‑m-c-s‑a¯‑n-b-X‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-t‑¶‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ ]-¦‑m-f‑n-¯‑w h-l‑n-¨-hÀ-¡‑p‑w X-s‑â k‑w-c‑w-`-¯‑nÂ s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑nt‑eÀ-s‑¸-«-hÀ-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑p-ä-h‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m³ A-h-k-c‑w \-e‑v-I‑m-¯ \‑o-X‑n-a‑m-\‑m-b a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n-

c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F.- a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶-X‑v A-h‑n-i‑z-k-\‑o-b-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-«‑p‑w A-X‑n-i-t‑b‑m-à‑n-b-Ã X-s‑¶. X-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑nÂ A-[‑y‑m-]-I-\‑p‑w X-s‑â ]‑n-X‑m-h‑ns‑â a-c-W‑m-\-´-c‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ J‑m-k‑n-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-b F-sâ ] n-Xmhv A-Ð‑p-Ê-e‑m‑w a‑m-ÌÀ H-g‑n-¨‑v l‑p-s‑s‑k³‑, e-h-¡‑p-«‑n‑, A-Ð‑p-d-l‑va‑m³‑, A-j‑v-d-^‑v, I-_‑oÀ X‑p-S-§‑n-bh-s‑c-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑v a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑â h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑n-s‑e ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-a‑m-t‑c‑m a‑m-t‑\-PÀ-a‑mt‑c‑m B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-e‑v-¡‑m-e-¯‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n I-¨-h-S--h‑y-h-k‑m-b t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª C‑u k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-c‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-Pb-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑n-¶‑nÂ F‑w.-F.- F-¶ I‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m-«-h‑p‑w D-]t‑Z-i-\‑nÀ-t‑±-i-§-f‑p‑w A-I-a-g‑n-ª k-l‑m-b-h‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-s‑â k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-·‑m-s‑c H‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯s‑c-b‑m-b‑n s‑s‑I-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-bÀ-¯‑n-b A-t‑±-l‑w D-S-¸‑n-d-¸‑p-I-f‑m-b a‑mf‑n-t‑b-¡Â ^‑m-¯‑n-a‑, X-d-½Â C-¯-¿‑, s‑s‑I-X-¡‑p->‑nÂ J-Z‑o-P‑, I‑o-g‑p-]-d-¼‑nÂ B-C-j F-¶‑n-h-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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s‑c-b‑p‑w A-I-a-g‑n-ª‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑m³ H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d-¶‑n-Ã. 1983Â X-s‑â h-µ‑y-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-Ak‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n a-c-W-a-S-ª-t‑X‑m-s‑S‑, X‑oÀ-¯‑p‑w `‑n-¶-a‑m-b B-ZÀ-i-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ I‑qS‑n‑, B h-e‑n-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑â s‑\-S‑p-\‑m-b-I-X‑z‑w k‑z-b‑w N‑p-a-e‑n-t‑e-ä‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-Z‑v-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑m-b P‑m-{‑K-X ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b A-t‑±-l‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v Ø‑n-c-X‑m-a-ka‑m-¡‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F-Ã‑m B-g‑v-N-b‑n-e‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑nÂ h-c‑p-I-b‑p‑w X-s‑â _-Ô‑p-a‑n-{‑X‑m-Z‑n-I-s‑f k-µÀi‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑m-h-i‑y-a‑m-b k-l‑m-b-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-X‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-s‑â a‑p-¶‑nÂ k-l‑m-b‑w t‑X-S‑n-h-c‑p-¶ B-s‑c-b‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w s‑h-d‑p‑w-s‑s‑I-t‑b‑m-s‑S X‑n-c‑n-¨-b-¨‑n-Ã. k-l‑m-b‑w B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b-h-s‑c t‑X-S‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑v A-t‑§‑m-«‑v s‑N-¶‑v I‑m-c‑y-§-f-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑v A-hÀ-s‑¡‑m-c‑p s‑s‑I-¯‑m-§‑mb‑n a‑m-d‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. D-½-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑p-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S _-e-h‑p‑w _-e-l‑o-\-X-b‑p‑w. D-½-b‑p-s‑S A-h-k‑m-\-\‑m-f‑p-I-f‑nÂ I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n H‑m-t‑c‑m B-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n D-½-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¶‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑pI-b‑p‑w G-ä-h‑p‑w a‑n-I-¨ t‑U‑m-ÎÀ-a‑m-s‑c D-½-b‑v-¡‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-½ a-c‑n-¨t‑¸‑mÄ H-c‑p s‑I‑m-¨‑p-I‑p-«‑n-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e h‑n-X‑p-¼‑p-¶ a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p->‑v. X‑m³ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ B-ZÀ-i‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-_-Ô§-s‑f-b‑p‑w h‑y-à‑n-_-Ô-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w _‑m-[‑n-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n¡‑m³ a‑q-¯‑m-¸ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑Xb-h-k-c‑w h‑y-à‑n-_-Ô-§-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-k‑v-t‑\-l -h‑p‑w X-s‑â B-ZÀ-i-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-§Ä-¡‑v t‑]‑m-d-t‑e-e‑v¡‑m-s‑X \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n. A-N©-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-X-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w. G-X‑v {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w F-{‑X I-S‑p-¯ s‑hÃ‑p-h‑n-f‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w X-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-B-ZÀ-i-s‑¯ A-S‑nb-d s‑h-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w k-¶-²-\-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-Z‑mÀ-V‑y-¯‑n-s‑â B-gh‑p‑w ]-c-¸‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ X-\‑n-t‑¡-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]‑n-bs‑¸-«-hÀ a-c-W-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w k‑z‑o-I-c‑n-¨ \‑n-e-]‑m-s‑S-´‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑mÂ A-d‑n-b‑m³ k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑e‑m-I-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-f‑p-s‑S s‑]‑m-X‑p-h‑m-b‑p-Å h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-{‑]-I‑m-c‑w {‑]-h‑m-N-I³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v \-_‑n(k.‑)¡‑p t‑i-j‑w a‑oÀ-k‑m K‑p-e‑m‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑v {‑]-h‑m-N-I-\‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑, J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-IÄ F-¶‑v s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑, A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m-¡Ä C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I-h‑r-¯-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

]‑p-d-¯‑m-W‑v. A-t‑X t‑]‑m-s‑e-¯-s‑¶ X-§Ä {‑]-h‑m-N-I-s‑\-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n¡‑p-¶ a‑oÀ-k‑m K‑p-e‑m‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑nÂ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m-¯ A-\-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f‑m-b t‑e‑m-I-a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-s‑f ]‑qÀ-® h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑n-I-f‑m-b‑n A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑p‑w ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ-¯-s‑¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-I-f-Ã‑m-¯ a‑p-k‑v-e‑n‑w-I-s‑f \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c-¯‑nÂ ]‑n-´‑p-S-c‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-hÀ a-c-W-s‑¸-«‑mÂ A-hÀ-¡‑p-t‑h>‑n a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m s‑N-¿‑m-d‑n-Ã. X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v X‑m³ G-s‑d _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ {‑]‑n-b-]‑nX‑m-h‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p‑w X-s‑â {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« D-½ D-½-¿-b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ F‑w.-F. l‑p-s‑s‑k³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w a‑q-¯-a-I³ A-Ð‑pÂ-Ak‑o-k‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w a-c‑p-a-I³ k‑n-±‑o-J‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p‑w X-s‑â {‑]‑n-b-]-X‑v-\‑n B-k‑nb-b‑p‑w a-c-W-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑aÂ-]-d-ª B-c‑p‑w X-s‑¶ A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑n-IÄ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ¯-s‑¶ A-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h->‑n a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m³ X-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-{‑]I‑m-c‑w ]‑m-S‑n-Ã. s‑\-©‑p ]‑n-fÀ-¡‑p-¶ t‑h-Z-\ k-½‑m-\‑n-¨ C‑u a-c-W‑m-\-´c-N-S-§‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w I-®‑o-t‑c‑m-s‑S ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯ a‑q-¯‑m-¸ A-h-c‑p-s‑S B-c‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¨‑n-Ã. D-½-b‑p-s‑S a-¿‑n-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ {‑]-t‑h-i‑n-¡‑p‑w h-s‑c A-\‑p-K-a‑n-¨ A-t‑±l‑w a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c‑w I-g‑n-b‑p‑w h-s‑c ]‑p-d-¯‑v I‑m-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑p. \‑n-d-I®‑p-I-t‑f‑m-s‑S X-s‑â {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-h-s‑c A-´‑y-b‑m-{‑X-b‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w X‑m³ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨ B-ZÀ-i-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w A-W‑p-h‑n-S h‑y-X‑n-N-e‑n-¡‑m-¯ a-\-¡c‑p-¯‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v. R-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-« a‑q-¯‑m-¸ a-c-W-s‑¸-«-t‑¸‑mÄ a‑q-¯‑m-¸-b‑v-¡‑p t‑h->‑n a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-¡-t‑W‑m t‑h->-t‑b‑m F-¶ NÀ-¨ D-bÀ-¶‑p h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ A-{‑X-t‑aÂ k‑v-t‑\-l‑w B

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tUm. A-Pv-aÂ ap-Cu³ F-Un-äv sNbv-X ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_ ]p-kv-X-Iw ap-kv-en-bm-cI-¯v Ip-Spw-_ kw-K-a-¯nÂ-sh-¨v ap³ a{´n kn-dnb-Iv tPm-Wn-\v \Â-In-s¡m-ïv Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv km-ln-_v {]-Imi-\w sN-¿p-¶p. (2008 sabv)

a-\‑p-j‑y-t‑\‑m-S‑v D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-«‑p‑w a-¿‑n-¯‑v \-a-k‑v-¡-c‑n-t‑¡->-X‑n-Ã F-¶ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\¯‑nÂ D-d-¨‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑m³ Fs¶ k-l‑mb‑n-¨-X‑v a‑q-¯‑m-¸ X-s‑¶ X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑ne‑q-s‑S ]-IÀ-¶‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b ]‑mT-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-s‑â {‑]-Ø‑m-\-t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-kt‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w a‑q-¯‑m-¸ I‑m-W‑n-¨ k-X‑y-k-ÔX-b‑p‑w B-ß‑mÀ-°-X-b‑p‑w F-{‑X-a‑m-{‑X‑w A-K‑m-[-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶-d‑n-b‑m³ H-c‑p k‑w`-h‑w I‑q-S‑n ]-d-b‑m‑w. A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m B-ZÀ-ia-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-I‑p-¶‑, h-c‑pa‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑e H-c‑p ]-¦‑n-\‑v (N-µ‑) ]‑p-d-s‑a X-s‑â k-¼‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-s‑â A-©‑v i-X-a‑m-\‑w k‑w-L-S-\-b‑v-¡‑m-b‑n Z‑m-\‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-¶-X‑v h-e‑n-b ]‑p-W‑y‑mÀ-l-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v. A-hk‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v X-s‑â k-¼‑m-Z‑y‑w X‑n-«-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n‑, {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-« A-©‑v i-X-a‑m-\‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑nb‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n \‑o-¡‑n-s‑h-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-b‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v X-s‑â `‑m-c‑y B-k‑y-b‑ps‑S a-c-W‑w. k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y-b‑ps‑S A-\-´-c-k‑z-¯‑nÂ `À-¯‑m-h‑n-\‑p-Å A-h-I‑m-i-a‑m-b k-¼-¯‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑nÂ h-¶‑p-t‑NÀ-¶‑p. X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-I‑m-e-k-¼‑mZ‑y-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯ \‑o-¡‑n-s‑h-¨ A-©‑v i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p ]‑p-d-s‑a ]‑p-X‑p-X‑m-b‑n h-¶‑p-t‑NÀ-¶ k-¼-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w I‑r-X‑y‑w A-©‑v i-X-a‑m-\‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m

P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-\‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w _‑m-¡‑n a-¡Ä-¡‑m-b‑n h‑o-X‑n-¨‑p \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑Nb‑v-X‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑p-S-\‑of‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b k‑q-£‑v-a-X-b‑p‑w k-X‑y-kÔ-X-b‑p‑w X-s‑â A-h-k‑m-\-i‑z‑m-k‑w h-s‑c a‑p-d‑p-s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n. k-l-P‑o-h‑n-I-t‑f‑m-S‑p-Å A-X‑n-c‑p-I-f‑nÃ‑m-¯ k‑v-t‑\-l‑w‑, I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å-h-s‑c k-Z‑m-k-a-b-h‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¯‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨ I-c‑pXÂ‑, P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑p-S-\‑o-f‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-k‑q-£‑v-a-X-b‑p‑w k-X‑y-k-ÔX-b‑p‑w‑, X‑m³ I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b h-g‑n-I-f‑nÂ I->‑p-a‑p-«‑n-b-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑n-¨-h-s‑cb‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ k‑q-£‑n-¨‑v k-a-b‑w I-s‑>-¯‑n A-h-i‑y-L-«-¯‑nÂ X‑m-§‑mb‑n a‑m-d‑m-\‑p-Å A-]‑m-c-a‑m-b I-g‑n-h‑v, F-{‑X-t‑aÂ {‑]-t‑I‑m-]-\‑w k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w {‑]-t‑I‑m-]‑n-X-\‑m-h‑m-s‑X I‑m-c‑y-§Ä t‑I«‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n b‑p-à‑n-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w I‑m-c‑y§Ä \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å ]‑m-S-h‑w‑, F-{‑X h-e‑n-b {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-L-«-¯‑n-e‑p‑w X-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-¯‑nÂ a‑p-d‑p-s‑I-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v a‑p-t‑¶‑m«‑v \‑o-§‑m-\‑p-Å BÀ-Ö-h‑w‑, A-§-s‑\ G-X‑v X-e-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑n-b‑m-e‑p‑w G-X‑v t‑a-J-e-b‑nÂ D-Å-h-c‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F.-I‑m-c³ F-¶ B a-l‑m-a-\‑p-j‑y³ H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I‑w B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v \‑n-Ê‑w-i-b‑w ]-d-b‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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s]m-bn-Ãm-¡ F-¶ kv-t\-lm-Z-c-Wo-b³

À-a s‑h-¨ I‑m-e‑w s‑X‑m«‑v s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m-¡ F-¶ R-§-f‑p-s‑S k‑z-I‑m-c‑y H‑m-a-\-t‑¸c‑nÂ c‑q-]-s‑¸-« B-Z-c-W‑o-b-\‑m-b BÄ-c‑q-]-a‑m-W‑v F‑w.-F. F-s‑â X-d-h‑m-S‑v-h‑o-S‑n-s‑â A-S‑p-¯‑m-b-X‑v s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m-¡-b‑ps‑S h‑o-S‑n-s‑â a‑p-ä-h‑p‑w A-I-h‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑ns‑â-b‑p‑w I-f‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w X-«-I‑w. C-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑p‑w I->‑p-h-fÀ-¶ B k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w a‑m-X‑rI‑m-h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w D-S-a s‑N-d‑p-¸‑w s‑X‑m-t‑« F-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X¯‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w s‑Ne‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. b‑u-Æ-\‑m-c‑w-`-¯‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ F-s‑¶ G-s‑d B-IÀ-j‑n-¨-X‑v s‑]‑m-b‑n-Ã‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-¯‑v k-Z‑mk-a-b-h‑p‑w s‑X-f‑n-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-k‑m-Z‑m-ß-I-X-b‑m-W‑v. B s‑h-f‑n¨‑w F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w F-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w D‑uÀ-Ö-h‑p‑w i‑p-`‑m-]‑vX‑n-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-t‑¯‑m-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-§Ä t‑\‑m-¡‑n-¡‑m-W‑m-\‑p-Å B-ß-h‑ni‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w ]-IÀ-¶‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-«‑p>‑v. {‑]-X‑y-£-a‑m-b‑p‑w ]-t‑c‑m-£-a‑mb‑p‑w G-h-s‑c-b‑p‑w k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶ B h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w X-s‑¶b‑m-W‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¡‑mÀ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]‑m-X‑p-k½-X³ F-¶ K‑p-W‑w t‑\-S‑n-s‑b-S‑p¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-\‑m¡‑n-b-X‑v.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\‑m-«‑n-s‑e {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« k‑m‑w-k‑v¡‑m-c‑n-I-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑nÂ X-t‑âX‑m-b h‑y-à‑n-a‑p-{‑Z ]-X‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-X‑v A-I-a-g‑n-ª t‑k-h-\k-¶-²-X s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. k‑u-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ b‑p.-]‑n. k‑v¡‑q-f‑n-s‑â ]-g-b-I‑m-e-N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑nÂ \‑nÀ-®‑m-b-I-a‑m-b k‑z‑m-[‑o-\-a‑m-I‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `‑u-X‑n-I-k‑u-I-c‑y-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-b‑m-kI-c-a‑m-b L-«-¯‑nÂ X-s‑â I-¼\‑n-b‑n-s‑e H‑m-S‑p‑w I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e a-c-h‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑â s‑I-«‑p‑w a-«‑p‑w `‑w-K‑n-b‑m-¡‑n. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-]-c-a‑m-b‑n D-bÀ-¯‑ns‑¡‑m>‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â C‑u Z‑oÀ-L-h‑o-£-W‑w a-l-¯c-a‑m-b D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑â B-t‑c‑m-K‑yt‑a-J-e-b‑v-¡‑v D-WÀ-t‑Æ-I‑n \‑n-e\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ a‑m-¡Â I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑mt‑c‑m-K‑y-t‑I-{‑µ-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â B-c‑w-`-¯‑n-e‑p‑w D-bÀ-¨-b‑n-e‑p‑w \‑n-k‑v-X‑p-e-a‑m-b ]-¦‑v A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑p->‑v. a‑m-¡Â B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-c‑p-¶X‑nÂ‑, A-X‑n-s‑â {‑]‑m-Y-a‑n-I-k‑u-Ic‑y-§Ä H-c‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ‑, F-Ã‑m‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\‑w A-t‑±-l‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑h-¨‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S-X‑v h-fÀ-¶‑v I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m-t‑c‑m-K‑y-t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-b‑n. C-¶‑v P‑n-Ã-b‑nÂ-¯-s‑¶ D-¶-X k‑u-Ic‑y-§-f‑p-Å B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑m-b-X‑nÂ F-Ã‑m‑w i‑p-`‑m-]‑v-X‑n h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-

t‑¯‑m-s‑S X-s‑â \‑m-S‑n-s‑\ t‑NÀ-¯‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨ A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â IÀ-t‑½‑m-Õ‑p-I-Xb‑m-W‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k h-fÀ-¨b‑nÂ \‑nÀ-®‑m-b-I-a‑m-b k‑z‑m-[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑ns‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ ]‑n.-S‑n.F‑w. l-bÀ-sk-¡âdn -k‑v-I‑q-f‑n-s‑â `‑u-X‑n-Ik‑u-I-c‑y-§Ä-¡‑v h-e‑n-b H-c-f-t‑h‑m-f‑w k‑w-`‑m-h-\ \-e‑v-I‑n-b-X‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡s‑¸-t‑S-> t‑k-h-\-§f‑m-W‑v. a‑m-t‑\-P‑v-s‑aâ‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-a‑m-ä I‑m-e-b-f-h‑nÂ t‑a-e‑v-¡‑q-c-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S B-I‑mi‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶ ]-c‑m-X‑nb‑p-a‑m-b‑n c-£‑n-X‑m-¡-f‑p‑w h‑n-Z‑y‑mÀ-°‑n-I-f‑p‑w B-i¦ {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¨ k-µÀ-`‑w. s‑s‑I-h-i-a‑p-Å a-c-h‑p‑w H‑m-S‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n ]‑qÀ-® k‑p-c-£-b‑p‑w ]T-\-k‑u-Ic‑y-§-f‑p‑w H-c‑p-¡‑n Z‑u-X‑y\‑nÀ-Æ-l-W-¯‑n-s‑â a-l\‑o-b a‑m-X‑r-I X‑oÀ-¯-X‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w k‑v-a-c-W‑o-b-a‑m-W‑v. ]-«‑n-W‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ]-c‑n-h-«-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w H-c‑p I‑m-e‑w N-c‑n-{‑X-¯‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ-I‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-«‑nÂ A-S‑p-¸‑v ]‑p-I-b‑m-¯ I‑me‑w. A-c‑n-`-£-W‑w Z‑n-h-k¯‑nÂ H-c‑p t‑\-c‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w I-g‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶ k-a-b‑w. H‑m-t‑c‑m h‑o-«‑n-s‑eb‑p‑w H-c‑w-K-s‑¯ X-s‑â I‑q-s‑S I‑q-¸‑n-e‑p‑w I-¼-\‑nb‑n-e‑p‑w \‑nÀ-¯‑n P‑o-h‑n-Xk‑u-I-c‑y-§Ä H-c‑p-¡‑m³ A-h-s‑c {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-c‑m-¡‑n

sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ {]m-Yan-I B-tcm-Ky tI{µw

t‑NÀ-¯‑p-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p-I‑mÀ ]-d-b‑p-¶ N-c‑n-{‑X-k‑m-£‑y‑w. I‑q-¸‑n-s‑e t‑P‑m-e‑n-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑n-e‑p‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n¡‑mÀ-¡‑v a‑m-\‑y-a‑m-b t‑h-X-\-h‑p‑w k‑u-I-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w H-c‑p¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-² ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p-I‑mt‑c‑m-S‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â C‑u I-c‑p-XÂ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v C-¶‑v I‑m-W‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑p-Å k-a‑p-¶-X‑n F-¶‑p t‑h-W‑w I-c‑p-X‑m³. \‑nÀ-²-\-c‑m-b I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑n-s‑e s‑]¬-I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f h‑n-h‑m-l‑w I-g‑n-¨-b-¡‑m³ {‑]-b‑m-k-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ k-a-b‑w. B-h-i‑y-a‑m-b ]-W‑w \-e‑v-I‑n P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â k‑p-µ-c-a‑pl‑qÀ-¯-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v s‑s‑I-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-bÀ-¯‑n-b \‑n-c-h-[‑n D-Z‑ml-c-W-§Ä a‑m-b‑m-s‑X ]-e I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§-f‑p‑w I-S-¸‑m-t‑S‑ms‑S C-¶‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v k‑u-P-\‑y-\‑n-c-¡‑nÂ N‑n-I‑n-Õ e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑m³ s‑I‑m-S‑n-I‑p-¯‑n-b D‑u-c‑nÂ ]-S‑p-¯‑p-bÀ-¯‑n-b a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-t‑I-{‑µ-a‑m-W‑v t‑I‑m‑w-{‑S-Ì‑v I-®‑m-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n. s‑I.-k‑n. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b Ø-e-¯‑v a-t‑\‑m-l-c-a‑m-b B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-s‑¡-«‑n-S‑w ]-W‑n-X‑v \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑m-b‑n k-aÀ¸‑n-¨‑p. D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\-t‑h-f-b‑nÂ \-S-¯‑n-b {‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑n-¨-X‑v k‑u-P-\‑y-\‑n-c-¡‑nÂ F-Ã‑m-hÀ¡‑p‑w N‑n-I‑n-Õ e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑m-I-W‑w C‑u Ø‑m-]-\‑w F-¶-‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑u e-£‑y‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v t‑c-J-IÄ s‑s‑I-a‑m-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑I‑m‑w-{‑S-Ì‑v I-½‑n-ä‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w k‑q-N‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. C‑u Ø‑m-]-\‑w C-¶‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w ]-c‑n-k-c-{‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w Z‑n-i‑m-h‑n-f-¡‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. D-Z‑m-¯-a‑m-X‑r-I X‑oÀ-¯‑v s‑]‑m-e‑n-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b s‑]‑mb‑n-Ã‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S IÀ-½-t‑a-J-e-IÄ ]‑p-X‑p-X-e-a‑p-d-IÄ-¡‑v h-e‑n-b H-c‑p A-[‑y‑m-b-a‑m-b‑n \‑n-d-ª‑v \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. ]‑m-c{‑X‑n-I-P‑o-h‑n-X‑w k-t‑´‑m-j-I-c-h‑p‑w k‑p-J-{‑]-Z-h‑p-a‑m-h-s‑« F-¶‑m-i‑w-k‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sF-¡-c-¸-Sn-¡m-cp-sS sIm-Sn-b-¯q-c-fn-b³

1951A-^v-kÂ sF-¡-c-¸-Sn `m-cy B-kn-b-bp-sS k-tlm-Z-c³ A-_q_-¡-dn-sâ ]p-{X³. ]p-¯p-]m-Sw F.Fw.FÂ.]n. kv-IqÄ A-²ym-]I³. F-gp-¯p-Imc³.

e‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qc‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c-I-¯‑v A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c‑p-s‑S a-I-\‑m-b F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v s‑F¡-c-¸-S‑n I‑p-ä‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c‑p-s‑S a-IÄ B-k‑y-s‑b h‑n-h‑m-l‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑v. a-e-_‑m-d‑n-s‑e \‑n-c-h-[‑n ]-Å‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w ZÀ-k‑va-{‑Z-k-I-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w Ø‑m-]-I-\‑p‑w k‑q-^‑n-h-c‑y-\‑p-a‑m-b s‑F-¡-c-¸-S‑n I‑p-ä‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑n X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e I‑p-ª‑n½‑p-«‑n a‑p-k‑v-e‑n-b‑m-c‑p-s‑S ]‑u-{‑X‑n-b‑m-W‑v B-k‑y. D-½ s‑N-d‑p-t‑È-c‑n ^‑m-¯‑n-a I‑p-«‑n. k‑q-^‑n ]‑m-c-¼-c‑y-a‑p-Å X-d-h‑m«‑nÂ ]‑n-d-¶-X‑v s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ Z‑o\‑o-\‑n-j‑vT-b‑p‑w C-k‑v-e‑m-a‑n-I h‑n-Ú‑m\‑o-b-§-f‑nÂ A-d‑n-h‑p-a‑p->m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-ä‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑n X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e G-g‑p a-¡-f‑nÂ H-c‑p-h-f‑m-b B-k‑y¡‑v A-©‑v k-t‑l‑m-Z-c->‑m-c‑p‑w H-c‑p k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-h-c‑p-s‑S-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w a-¡-f‑p‑w t‑]-c-a¡-f‑p-a-S-§‑p-¶ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑w-K-§Ä¡‑v F-¶‑p‑w H-c‑m-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-hÀ k‑v-t‑\-l-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c-f‑n-b-\‑p‑w s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c-½‑m-b‑n-b‑p‑w. X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e c->‑m-a-s‑¯ a-c‑pa-I-\‑m-b a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v B-Z‑y-I‑m-e‑w a‑p-X-t‑e I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑wK-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, \‑m-«‑p-I‑mt‑c‑m-S‑p‑w D‑u-j‑v-a-f-k‑v-t‑\-l-_-Ô‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n. A-¶‑v C-¶-s‑¯-t‑¸‑ms‑e-b-Ã-t‑Ã‑m b‑m-{‑X-IÄ. _-Ê‑n-e‑p‑w N‑m-e‑n-b‑m-d‑n-s‑e I-S-h‑v I-S-¶‑p‑w ]‑ns‑¶ G-s‑d \-S-¶‑p‑w t‑h-W‑w s‑F-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 182

¡-c-¸-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑m³. B-Z‑y-I‑me-§-f‑nÂ `‑m-c‑y-h‑o-«‑nÂ h-¶‑mÂ I‑p-d-¨‑p-Z‑n-h-k‑w X-§‑n-b t‑i-j-t‑a a-S-¡-a‑p->‑m-I‑m-d‑p-Å‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v I-¨-h-S-§-f‑p‑w k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑p-a‑mb‑n G-s‑d X‑n-c-¡‑n-e‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-ä‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑n X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e _-Ô‑p¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑]-c-a-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ h‑n-h‑m-l-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p h‑n-t‑i-j-Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑F-¡c-¸-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-I A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \‑nÀ-_-Ô-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m t‑a-J-e-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w h‑n-i-Z-a‑m-b A-d‑n-h‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-s‑¶¦‑n-e‑p‑w I-¨-h-S-k‑w-c‑w-`-§-t‑f‑mS‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p G-s‑d X‑mÂ-]-c‑y‑w. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-_-Ô-§-f‑nÂ k‑m-¼¯‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w a-ä‑p‑w {‑]-b‑m-k-a-\‑p`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-s‑c t‑\-c‑n-«‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y B-k‑y-b‑n-e‑q-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h-> B-i‑z‑m-k-s‑a-¯‑n-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w _-²-{‑i-²\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. X-s‑â B-i-b‑w \‑nÀ-_-Ô]‑qÀ-Æ‑w _-Ô‑p-¡-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w_-¡‑m-c‑n-e‑p‑w A-S‑n-t‑¨-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑mt‑\‑m X-s‑â B-{‑i‑n-X-s‑c A-X‑n-\‑p t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-t‑\‑m {‑i-a‑n-¨‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑m-ZÀ-i-§-s‑f H-c‑p \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p‑w A-]-l-k‑n-¡‑p-I-t‑b‑m A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v XÀ-¡-h‑n-XÀ-¡-§-f‑n-t‑eÀ-s‑¸-S‑p-It‑b‑m A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. a‑u-\‑w h‑n-Z‑z‑m-\‑v `‑q-j-W‑w F-¶ a-l-Z‑z-N-\‑w A-\‑zÀ-°-a‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑m>‑v k‑u-a‑y-a‑m-b‑n a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑w-h-Z‑n-

Fw F apl½Zv- sF¡c¸Snbnse Xsâ `mcymktlmZc§tfmsSm¸w. he¯p\n¶pw AÐpÂ PºmÀ amÌÀ, tUm. A_q_¡À, AÐpdlnam³ amÌÀ, Fw F apl½Zv-, AÐpÂ Akokv amÌÀ, Bky, apl½Zmen, JZoP.

¨‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l‑w A-\‑m-h-i‑y-a‑mb‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v B-c‑p‑w I->‑n-«‑n-Ã. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑m-h-i‑y-¯‑n\‑v H-c‑p X-h-W _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑mÂ ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ A-b‑mÄ a-d-¡‑n-Ã. {‑]‑m-b-t‑`-Z-s‑a-t‑\‑y‑, X-s‑¶ _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑nÂ I-b-d‑n-¡‑q-S‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \‑n-a‑n-j-t‑\-c-s‑¯ C-S-]-g-I-e‑p-I-f‑ne‑q-s‑S k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-h‑m-l-t‑i-j-a‑p-Å B-Z‑yI‑m-e-§-f‑nÂ ]-e-X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑p‑w B-c‑w`‑n-s‑¨-¦‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-P-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-Ã. H-S‑p-h‑nÂ a‑w-K-e‑m-]‑p-c-s‑¯ N‑q-cÂ h‑y-h-k‑m-b-¯‑nÂ {‑i-² t‑I-{‑µ‑oI-c‑n-¨‑p. {‑I-t‑a-W A-`‑n-h‑r-²‑n {‑]‑m-]‑n-¨ I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w k‑z-c‑q-]‑n-¨ a‑q-e-[-\-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n s‑s‑ak‑qÀ-s‑\-S‑p-a-e--]‑p-f‑n-§‑w F-t‑Ì-ä‑pI-f‑nÂ I‑q-¸‑v t‑e-e-¯‑n-s‑\-S‑p-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w a-c‑w h-f-]-«-W‑w s‑h-t‑Ì¬ C-´‑y‑m s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑n-\‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-¸‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-l‑m-b‑n-b‑m-b‑n G-X‑m-\‑p‑w a‑mk-§Ä I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ `‑m-c‑y‑m-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ A-_‑q-_-¡À C-§-s‑\ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p: B-\-I-f‑p‑w A-¼-t‑X‑m-f‑w t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v A-`‑n-h‑r-²‑n {‑]‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. C‑w-¥‑o-j‑v `‑m-j-b‑nÂ {‑]‑m-h‑o-W‑y-a‑pÅ-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑v X-s‑¶ k‑w-c‑w-`‑w s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v h‑n-]‑p-e-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-\‑p‑w

A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p. X-f‑n-¸-d-¼‑nÂ t‑l‑m-«-e‑p‑w t‑e‑m-U‑v-P‑n‑w-K‑v k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\-h‑p‑w B-c‑w-`‑n-¨‑p. t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-s‑« j-l‑n³-j‑m t‑l‑m-«Â A-t‑±l‑w h‑m-S-I-b‑v-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑p. C‑u c->‑n-S-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑ne‑m-f‑n-IÄ-¡‑v `-£-W-h‑p‑w h‑n-{‑i-a-h‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-h‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ I‑q-e‑n \-e‑v-I‑m³ H‑m-^‑o-k‑p-I-f‑p‑w Ø‑m]‑n-¨‑p. h-\‑w h-I‑p-¸‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑p-a‑m-b‑p‑w \-Ã _-Ô‑w ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h-fÀ-¨-b‑nÂ A-k‑q-b a‑q-¯ N‑n-eÀ I‑q-¸‑nÂ t‑^‑m-d-Ì‑v U‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑p-a-X‑n \-¼À C-Ã‑m-¯ k‑m-[-\-§Ä I-b-ä‑n. k-X‑y-kÔ-\‑m-b a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v I‑r-{‑X‑n-a‑w I‑m-W‑n-¡‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-ØÀ-¡-d‑n-b‑m-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p N‑n-e-c‑p-s‑S I‑p-X-{‑´§Ä ]-X‑n-h‑m-b-t‑X‑m-s‑S F‑w.-F. B c‑w-K‑w h‑n-«‑p. X-s‑¶ t‑\-c‑n-«‑v {‑]-X‑n-I‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑ya‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w k-X‑y‑w X‑p-d-¶‑p-]-d-b‑m³ a-S‑n-I‑mW‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. I-¨-h-S-t‑a-J-e-b‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ C‑u kÂ-k‑z-`‑m-h‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w N‑q-j-W‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. a-\-¡-c‑pt‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w B-ß-s‑s‑[-c‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑p t‑]‑mh‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑v I-¨-h-S-¯‑n-s‑e A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \n-e-] mSm-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m>‑v X-s‑¶ X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v H‑m-S‑v, s‑s‑¹h‑p-U‑v, I‑z‑m-d‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-b _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v-t‑a-J-e-I-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v X‑n-c‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v ]‑n-s‑¶ X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p-t‑\‑mt‑¡->‑n h-¶‑n-«‑n-Ã. H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\-b‑p‑w ]-ä‑n t‑a‑m-i‑w A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w A-t‑±l‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, X-s‑â s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-I-f‑p‑w B-{‑i‑n-X-c‑p-a-S-§‑p-¶ B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v I->-h-c‑p->‑m-h‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑mf‑n-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w A-_-²‑w D->‑m-b‑mÂ H-t‑¶‑m c-t>‑m h‑m-¡‑p-I-f‑nÂ A-h-s‑c D-]-t‑Z-i‑n-¡‑p-I a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. X-s‑â _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v k‑w-c‑w-`-§Ä ]-e-b‑n-S-§-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n ]-SÀ-¶‑p ]-´-e‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w s‑F-¡-c-¸-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e ]-eÀ-¡‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w A-h‑n-S-§-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w C-S‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. A-§-s‑\ I‑p-ä‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑n X-d-h‑m-«‑n-s‑e A-f‑n-b³ F‑w.-F. \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«-h-\‑m-b‑n.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 183

My dear friend MA Mohammed sahab

I Mohammed Basheer Hyderabad Father of Afreen Basheer, Duaghter in Law of MA Muhammed Sahib

knew him past 22 years he was a real gentleman, honest, caring and a great person. He followed his principles in a very simple way every relationship mattered to him, he stood by us through all the thick and thin times as a real family person. His memories are always with us as an elder brother. He’s a person who will always be deep in our hearts and stay with us, we miss him. You have best ways to describe the experiences of life and wisdom. The dedication to the religion till your end was a lesson to the people born in the community. Your sacrifice for your community, family is un matched. I always pray for you to high position in jannah from heart.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 184

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 185

kv-t\-l-\n-[n-bm-b `À-¯m-hv

B Fw. P-ao-e `mcy

\-Ã a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â H‑mÀ½-IÄ F-Ã‑m-b‑v-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w F-s‑¶ h-Ã‑m-s‑X A-e-«‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑nc‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä ]-c-k‑v-]-c‑w h-f-s‑c-b-[‑n-I‑w k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-S‑nb‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑m-d‑v. F-Ã‑m‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-´‑v k‑m-[-\§Ä h‑o-«‑nÂ h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑ne‑p‑w H-c‑p F-X‑nÀ-¸‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. C‑u h‑o-S‑v \‑n-d-¨‑p‑w A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â k‑u-I-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n _‑m-¯‑v-d‑q‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v t‑a‑m-U‑n-s‑s‑^ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. h‑o-«‑nÂ a‑p-g‑p-h³ F.-k‑n. s‑h-¨‑p. C-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-IÄ a-\Ê‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã. C‑u h‑o-S‑v a‑p-g‑p-h³ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w \‑n-dª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. G-X‑v d‑q-a‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑m-W‑v. R-§Ä H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v, _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v B-h-i‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-Ã‑m-s‑X-b‑p-a‑mb‑n‑, \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w h‑n-t‑Z-i-c‑m-P‑y-§-f‑ne‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v b‑m-{‑X s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p>‑v. a‑m-k-¯‑nÂ c->‑p-{‑]‑m-h-i‑y‑w _‑m‑w-¥‑q-c‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑p-‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S R-§Ä-¡‑v _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p->‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑p-_‑v-l‑n \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c¯‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w F-«‑v I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑o-äÀ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\-S-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ X-«‑p-I-S-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v N‑m-b I‑p-S‑n¡‑p‑w. s‑h-P‑n-t‑ä-d‑n-b³ t‑l‑m-«-e‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v s‑{‑_-b‑v-¡‑v ^‑m-Ì‑v I-g‑n-¨‑v d‑q-a‑n-t‑e-b‑v-¡‑v a-S-§‑p‑w. B b‑m-{‑XI-f‑p-s‑S-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ \-Ã \-Ã H‑mÀ-½IÄ F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ h-Ã‑m-s‑X t‑h-«-b‑m-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ. IT‑n-\‑m-²‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-a‑p-Å F-´‑p I->m-e‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑p X‑n-c-ª‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n A-s‑X-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. ]-W‑w s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑p-t‑>‑m F-s‑¶‑m¶‑p‑w N‑n-´‑n-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. ]-W-a‑p-Å B-f‑p-I-s‑f I‑q-«‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N¿‑p-I. G-s‑X‑m-c‑m-f‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â I‑q-s‑S I‑q-S‑m³ X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k-·\-Ê‑p‑w I‑r-X‑y-\‑n-j‑vT-b‑p‑w k-X‑y-k-Ô-X-b‑pa‑m-W‑v A-X‑n-\‑p I‑m-c-W‑w. H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I‑q-¸‑p-I-f‑p‑w a-c-§-f‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p>‑v. s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-c‑m-s‑d-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p¶‑p‑, K-h-s‑×â‑v A-t‑e‑m-«‑v-s‑aâ‑v. I-c‑m-s‑d-S‑p-¯‑v a‑p-d‑n-¨‑v s‑N-d‑n-b s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n-IÄ-¡‑v s‑I‑mS‑p-¡‑p‑w. I‑p-ä‑n-¡-W-¯‑n-\‑v t‑d-b‑v-ä‑v X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑v a‑p-d‑n-¨‑v I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑ns‑e-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m s‑N-d‑n-b s‑s‑¹h‑p-U‑v I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S hÀ-¡‑p‑w

A-t‑±-l‑w X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v F-S‑p-¡‑md‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. h-f-s‑c I‑r-X‑yX-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w k-X‑y-k-Ô-X-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v F-Ã‑m hÀ-¡‑p‑w s‑Nb‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. "-`‑m-c-X‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v-'s‑â D-S-a l-c‑n-Z‑m-k‑v t‑k-«‑p-h‑n-s‑â ]-W‑n-b‑m-W‑v Ø‑n-c-a‑m-b‑n F-S‑p-¯‑nc‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑k-«‑p-h‑n-s‑â h‑n-i‑z-k‑v-X\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w F‑w.-F. k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v B-t‑e‑mN‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑k-«‑p s‑N-b‑v-X‑nc‑p-¶-X‑v. G-s‑X-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-[-¯‑nÂ I-¼-\‑n-IÄ-¡‑v e‑m-`‑w I‑n-«‑p-¶‑pt‑h‑m A-{‑X-b‑p‑w IT‑n-\‑m-²‑z‑m-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v A-X‑v I‑n-«‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ e‑m-`-a‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w. K-h-s‑×â‑n-s‑â h-\-t‑Z-ik‑m-X‑v-I-c-W-\‑n-b-a‑w h-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v s‑s‑SÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nt‑e-¡‑v h-¶-X‑v. ‑"-I‑m-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-‑' h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w H-c‑p t‑{‑_‑m-¡À h-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. D-S-s‑\-¯-s‑¶‑, A-s‑XS‑p-¡‑m³ B-e‑p-h‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v A-¼-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w D-d‑p-¸‑n-I I-S‑w h‑m-§‑n _‑m‑w-¥‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑v ]‑p-d-

s‑¸-«‑p. A-h‑n-s‑S s‑N-¶-t‑¸‑mÂ s‑I.S‑n.-k‑n. A-s‑X-S‑p-¡‑m³ F-¯‑n-b‑n«‑p>‑v. I‑q-S‑m-s‑X t‑h-s‑d-b‑p‑w h-e‑n-b ]‑mÀ-«‑n-IÄ h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-s‑b I->‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-R‑m³ C-s‑X-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑n-b B-f-Ã. A-¼-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w c‑q] R‑m³ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-U‑z‑m³-k‑v X-¶‑v C-s‑X-S‑p-¯‑v t‑Ì‑m-s‑¡-Ã‑m‑w h‑n-ä‑v \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-§Ä R‑m³ ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m¡‑p‑w. R‑m³ IT‑n-\‑m-²‑z‑m-\‑w s‑Nb‑v-X‑v C-X‑v \-¶‑m-¡‑n \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S ]-W‑w a‑p-g‑p-h³ X-c‑p‑w. F-s‑¶ \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v X‑r-]‑v-X‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ F-\‑n-¡‑v X-c‑p-I.' A-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑I.-S‑n.-k‑n. F-¶ h-e‑n-b I-¼-\‑n s‑h-b‑v-ä‑n‑w-K‑n-e‑p->‑v. a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n-¡‑v F‑w.-F. k‑ml‑n-_‑n-s‑â ¢‑n-bÀ k‑w-k‑m-c-h‑p‑w k-X‑y-k-Ô-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-d-ª-X‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w I‑q-S‑n h-f-s‑c C-ã-s‑¸-«‑p. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p: "R‑m³ \‑n-§Ä-¡‑p X-s‑¶ X-c‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p.' A-¼-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p.

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A-bÂ-]-¡-¡msc h-f-sc-b-[nIw kv-t\-ln-¨p. ho-«nÂ F-´p@m-¡n-bm-epw A-bÂ-]-¡-¯v sIm-Sp-¡-Ww. H-cp-]m-Sv (`-£y) km-[-\-§Ä hm-§p-w. hm-§p-¶ km-[\-§Ä R-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶-Xn-t\-¡m-fpw A-bÂ-]-¡¡mÀ-¡v sIm-Sp¡m-\m-bn-cp-¶p Iq-Sp-XÂ Xm-Xv-]-cyw.

F-{‑K‑n-s‑aâ‑v F-g‑p-X‑n. A-©‑p-e-£‑w \‑m-«‑n-s‑e¯‑n-b‑mÂ X-c‑p-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-bt‑¸‑mÄ‑, F‑w.-F. I‑m-e‑n-¡ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n F-S‑p¯‑p F-¶ h‑mÀ-¯ t‑I-«‑v a‑mÀ-¡-ä‑nÂ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-¼-c-¶‑p. B-e‑n-¡‑p-«‑n-¡-s‑b t‑]‑m-b‑n-I->‑v A-©‑p-e£‑w I-S‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±-l‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä-s‑¡-´‑m-b‑nt‑¸‑m-b‑n F‑w.-F.‑! C-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑pt‑a‑m?' A-§-s‑\ B A-©‑pe-£‑w D-S-s‑\ _‑m‑w-¥‑qc‑n-t‑e-¡‑v A-b-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p¯‑p. ]-W‑w ]-e‑n-i-b‑v-¡‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶ t‑k-«‑p-h‑nt‑\‑m-S‑v A-©‑p-e-£‑w h‑m-§‑n B-e‑n-¡‑p-«‑n-¡-b‑v¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. F-Ã‑m t‑Ì‑m-¡‑p‑w h‑n-ä‑v, ]-d-ª X‑n-¿-X‑n-¡‑p X-s‑¶ i-¦d‑n-\‑v ]-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v h-f-s‑c k-t‑´‑m-j-h‑p‑w respect D‑w D->‑m-b‑n. A-§-s‑\‑, B h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑w I‑m-c-W-a‑m-b‑n‑, A-t‑±l‑w ]-d-ª‑p: " Nn-¡v-aw-¥qÀ PnÃbnÂ I-S‑q-c‑nÂ s‑N-d‑n-b c->‑p I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑p->‑v, A-X‑v \‑n-§Ä X-s‑¶ F-S‑p-t‑¯‑m-f‑q.' I-¼-\‑n-IÄ I‑m-W‑m³ H-c‑p I‑m-d‑nÂ I‑p-s‑d k‑m-[\-§-f‑p‑w a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-d‑nÂ R‑m-\‑p‑w F‑w.-F.b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n I-S‑q-c‑n-s‑e-¯‑n.

]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v i-¦-d‑p‑w (a‑p-X-e‑m-f‑n‑) A-t‑§‑m-«‑v h-¶‑p. I-¼-\‑n-IÄ I->‑v C-ã-s‑¸-«‑p. ]-t‑£‑, s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ ]-W-a‑n-Ã. F-´‑p s‑N-¿‑p‑w F-¶‑m-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¨‑p. I-¨-h-S‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑v R-§Ä t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-t‑«-b‑v-¡‑p a-S-§‑n. a‑p-¡-®³ A-_‑q-_-¡À-¡t‑b‑m-S‑v I‑m-c‑y-§Ä ]-d-ª‑p. ]-I‑p-X‑n ]-W‑w A-t‑±-lt‑¯‑m-S‑v h‑m-§‑n. ]‑n-s‑¶‑, s‑I«‑n-¡‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ t‑Ì‑m-¡‑v h‑n-ä‑v I-¨-h-S‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑n. ]-W-a‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F-h‑ns‑S F-´‑p h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-s‑a-¦‑ne‑p‑w G-X‑v a-e-a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑me‑p‑w‑, e‑m-`-a‑p->‑m-¡‑m-s‑a-¶‑v I->‑mÂ‑, H‑m-S‑n A-s‑X-S‑p-¯‑v ]‑mÀ-«‑v-WÀ-a‑m-s‑c I‑q-«‑n A-X‑v ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑m-¡‑p‑w. A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-X‑, I‑r-X‑y\‑n-j‑vT‑, k-X‑y-k-Ô-X‑, k·\-Ê‑v, k-l‑m-b-a-\-Ø‑n-X‑n F-¶‑n-h I‑m-c-W‑w B-t‑c‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w I‑q-«‑p-I‑q-S‑m³ A-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ s‑d-U‑n-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-k‑v-X‑p-X K‑p-W-§s‑f‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-XÂ-a‑p-S-¡‑v. C-t‑X Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑nÂ I‑p-s‑d Ø‑m-]\-§Ä F-S‑p-¯‑p. A-X‑nÂ I‑p-s‑d a‑p-X-e‑p->m-¡‑n. a‑p-S-¡‑nb-hÀ-¡‑v ]-I‑p-X‑n‑, A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑p‑w e‑m-`‑w. F-Ã‑m _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p‑w A-t‑±l‑w s‑N-¿‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v C-t‑X c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v. H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v D-S-s‑\ _‑m‑w-¥‑q-c‑nt‑e-¡‑v c->v ^‑v-s‑s‑f-ä‑v S‑n-¡-ä‑v _‑p-¡‑v-s‑N-¿‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. ]‑n-t‑ä-¶‑v c‑m-h‑n-s‑e R‑m-\‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-h‑p‑w _‑m‑w-¥‑q-c‑n-s‑e¯‑n. {‑I-jÀ ]‑mÀ-«‑n h-¶‑nc‑p-¶‑p. t‑]‑m-b‑n t‑\‑m-¡‑n

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D-S-s‑\ I-¨-h-S‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. ]-W-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑n-Ã‑ms‑X-b‑m-W‑v A-X‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯X‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ I‑p-s‑d B-s‑f t‑NÀ-¯‑n. A-hÀ-¡‑p‑w e‑m-`‑w‑, R-§Ä-¡‑p‑w e‑m-`‑w. I‑m-c‑y-§Ä a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v A-{‑X-I->‑v I-g‑n-h‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-{‑X £‑o-W‑n-X-\‑m-s‑W¦‑n-e‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v k‑w-k‑mc‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑m\‑p‑w h-f-s‑c D-j‑m-d‑m-W‑v. F-Ã‑m a‑m-k-h‑p‑w K‑q-U-Ã‑qÀ F-s‑Ì-b‑v-ä‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n c‑m{‑X‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p‑w. _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v \-Ã I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. [‑m-c‑mf-a‑m-b‑n [À-½‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. ]-W‑n-¡‑m-c‑p-s‑S F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑p‑w A-K‑m-[-a‑m-b‑n s‑lÂ-]‑v s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-s‑X‑m-c‑m-t‑f‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n¨‑m-e‑p‑w F‑w.-F. F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑mÂ A-X‑o-h-k‑vt‑\-l-h‑p‑w B-Z-c-h‑p-a‑m-W‑v. A-§-s‑\-b‑p-Å s‑]-c‑p-a‑m-äa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w. k‑u-a‑y-X‑, Z‑m-\-i‑o-e‑w‑, k-X‑y-k-Ô-X‑, ]-t‑c‑m-]-I‑mc-a-\-Ø‑n-X‑n F-¶‑n-h A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â a‑p-X-e‑v-¡‑q-«‑mW‑v. B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w t‑Z-j‑y-a‑n-Ã. t‑Z-j‑y‑w-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-\-d‑n-b‑n-Ã. F-Ã‑m-h-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w k‑v-t‑\l‑w. F-s‑´-¦‑n-e‑p‑w D-]-a ]-d-b‑p‑w. t‑IÄ-¡‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑v s‑]-s‑«-¶‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-s‑b-¶‑p h-c‑n-Ã. k‑n-\‑n-a‑m \-S³ P-KX‑n B-I‑v-k‑n-Uâ‑nÂ s‑]-«‑v a‑n‑w-k‑v t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ A-U‑v-a‑n-ä‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑U‑m. l‑w-k-s‑b h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-]-d-ª‑p: "-\‑n-§Ä-¡‑v \-s‑Ã‑m-c‑p t‑I‑m-f-S‑n-¨-t‑Ã‑m.'

t‑U‑m-ÎÀ s‑]‑m-«‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¨‑p. (]-c-k‑y‑w I‑n-«‑n-bt‑Ã‑m F-¶‑m-W‑v D-t‑±-i‑n-¨-X‑v.‑) A-bÂ-]-¡-¡‑m-s‑c h-f-s‑c-b-[‑n-I‑w k‑v-t‑\l‑n-¨‑p. h‑o-«‑nÂ F-´‑p->m-¡‑n-b‑m-e‑p‑w A-bÂ]-¡-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w. H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v (`-£‑y‑) k‑m-[-\-§Ä h‑m-§‑p-‑w. h‑m-§‑p-¶ k‑m-[-\§Ä R-§Ä D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑m-f‑p‑w A-bÂ-]-¡-¡‑mÀ-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p I‑q-S‑p-XÂ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w. I‑p-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w C-h‑n-s‑S s‑d-k‑n-Uâ‑v-k‑v A-t‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑b-j-s‑â {‑]-k‑n-Uâ‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-s‑â {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡‑v C-ã‑w-t‑]‑m-s‑e ]-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑o-«‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w h-f-s‑c-b-[‑n-I‑w {‑i-²‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w h-f-s‑c-t‑b-s‑d {‑i-²-b‑m-W‑v. c->‑p s‑]¬-a-¡Ä-¡‑p‑w Z‑p-_‑m-b‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p->‑v. A-X‑nÂ h-Ã‑m-¯ {‑i-²-b‑p‑w X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-h‑p-a‑mW‑v. F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v A-hÀ-¡‑p t‑h->‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-§-Ä ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. t‑\‑m-¼‑m-b‑mÂ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e F-Ã‑m-hÀ¡‑p‑w I‑m-c-¡‑, A>‑n-¸-c‑n-¸‑v F-¶‑n-h F-¯‑n¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. F-{‑X-t‑b‑m ]-Å‑n-I-f‑nÂ t‑\‑m-¼‑p-X‑p-d-¡‑m³ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-c-¡b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ C-S-h‑n-« B-g‑v-N-I-f‑nÂ \‑nÀ-²-\À-¡‑v ]-W‑w F-¯‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑\-c‑n-«‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã‑, C-S-b‑v-¡‑v H-c‑mÄ a‑pt‑J-\-b‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

I‑p-d-¨‑p-I‑m-e‑w a‑p³-]‑v t‑\‑m-¼‑n-\‑v t‑e‑mU‑v-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v A-c‑n-b‑p‑w I‑p-¯‑v-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v X‑p-W‑n-b‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ k‑m[‑p-¡Ä-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-I-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Z‑m-c‑n-{‑Z‑y¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. e‑n-h‑n‑w-K‑v s‑s‑ÌÂ e-I‑v-j‑z-d‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \-Ã {‑U-Ê‑v, \-Ã t‑a‑m-UÂ I‑mÀ‑, \-Ã `-£W‑w C-s‑X‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-W‑v C-ã‑w. S‑n.-h‑n.b‑nÂ F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w h‑mÀ-¯ H‑m-W‑m¡‑n s‑h-¡‑p‑w. a-ä‑p t‑{‑]‑m-{‑K‑m-a‑p-I-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w X‑o-s‑c I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. s‑s‑i-¯‑m-s‑â I-f‑n F-¶‑m-W‑v ]-d-b‑p-I. A-X‑v R-§Ä I‑m-W‑p¶-X‑p‑w C-ã-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m‑w (A-l‑v-a-Z‑nb‑m‑) P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä. a-ä‑p ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§-s‑f‑m-¶‑p‑w h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. P-a‑m-A-¯‑nÂ F-s‑´‑m-s‑¡ A-¨-S‑n-¡‑p-¶‑pt‑h‑m A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ c->‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑p‑w t‑I‑m-¸‑n h‑m-§‑n-h-c‑p‑w. a‑p-g‑p-h-\‑p‑w h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p‑w. _‑p-¡‑v h‑m-b‑n-¨‑m-W‑v D-d-§‑m-d‑v. Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w J‑pÀ-B³ H‑m-X‑p‑w. A-X‑p‑w \‑nÀ-º-Ô-a‑m-W‑v. c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-¯‑nÂ `-b-¦-c X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. \‑n-X‑y-h‑p‑w c‑m-h‑n-s‑e ]-{‑X‑w A-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑]d‑p-¡‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑n-Â S‑m-I‑v-k‑v, s‑s‑ek³-k‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v _-Ô-a‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y-§Ä I->mÂ D-S-s‑\ a-¡-s‑f h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ h-f-s‑c A-S‑p-¸-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m s‑h-Å‑n-b‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w

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\‑nÀ-²-\-s‑c I>‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v ]-W‑w F-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ F-Ã‑m K-Ì‑n-\‑p‑w `-£-W‑w F-s‑d-b‑v©‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑v-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑e BÄ¡‑mÀ-¡‑v [À-½‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h-f-s‑c X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w. \-a-k‑v-¡‑m-c‑w I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¡‑p‑w. a‑m-I‑v-k‑n-a‑w C-a‑m-a‑p‑w P-a‑m-A-¯‑p‑w I‑n-«‑m³ {‑i-a‑n¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w X-l-Ö‑p-Z‑v \‑n-k‑v-¡-c‑n¡‑p‑w. G-X‑p b‑m-{‑X-b‑n-e‑p‑w C-X‑v \‑nÀ-º-Ô-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. I-f-h‑v ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑n-Ã. C-{‑X-b‑p‑w \-Ã H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ I‑m-W‑m³ _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑m-W‑v. F-Ã‑m h‑n-[-¯‑n-e‑p‑w F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w F-s‑â k-l‑m-b‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-b‑n«‑p->‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â B-t‑c‑m-K‑y-I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w R‑m³ A-I-a-g‑n-ª‑v k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. B-Z‑y-s‑¯ s‑s‑_-]‑m-k‑v i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b a-{‑Z‑m-k‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-W‑v s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. c->‑m-a-t‑¯X‑v A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä C-h‑n-s‑S \‑n-¶‑v ^‑v-s‑s‑f-ä‑nÂ e->-\‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

C-d-§‑n. h‑oÂ-s‑N-b-d‑nÂ R-§-f‑ps‑S (A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m P-a‑m-A-¯‑n-s‑â‑) l‑p-k‑q-d‑n-s‑\ s‑N-¶‑p-I->‑p. Z‑p-B-¡‑v A-t‑]-£‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶ b‑p.-F-k‑v.Â t‑]‑m-b‑n. B t‑]-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-\‑p-`h‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑n-e‑p->‑v. A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑nÂ F-¯‑n t‑U‑m. A-^‑v-X‑m-_‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v (A-t‑±-l‑w A-l‑v-a-Z‑n-b‑m-W‑v) F-Ã‑m‑w F-t‑d-b‑v©‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-s‑d A-l‑v-a-Z‑n k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§Ä K-Ì‑v l‑u-k‑nÂ h-¶‑p. `-£-W‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑n-c‑p¶‑p. `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-ª-X‑p‑w F-Ã‑mh-c‑p‑w t‑]‑m-b‑n. R-§Ä I‑n-S-¶‑p I-g‑n-ªt‑¸‑mÄ l‑mÀ-«‑n-\‑v H-c‑p discomfort‑ h-¶‑p. D-S-s‑\ t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p. A-hÀ D-S-s‑\ B‑w-_‑p-e³-k‑v h‑n-f‑n¨‑v t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑mb‑n A-U‑v-a‑n-ä‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e¯-s‑¶ H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ X‑n-t‑b-ä-d‑nÂ s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ h-fs‑c k-I‑v-k-Ê‑v B-s‑W-¶‑v t‑U‑m-ÎÀ ]-d-ª‑p. A-S‑p-¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w Ø‑n-X‑n a‑m-d‑n. k‑o-c‑n-b-k‑v I->‑o-j-\‑m-b‑n. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v F-«‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-ä-d‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. R‑m³ c‑m-{‑X‑n K-Ì‑v l‑u-k‑nÂ I‑n-S-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. c‑m-{‑X‑n a‑p-g‑p-h\‑p‑w I-c-ª‑p Z‑p-B s‑N-¿‑p‑w. t‑\-c‑w s‑h-f‑p-¯‑mÂ t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑n-t‑e-¡‑v H‑m-S‑p‑w. Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w R‑m³ A-§-s‑\¯-s‑¶. F-«‑m-a-s‑¯ Z‑n-h-k‑w k‑pJ‑w I>‑p. s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-äÀ H-g‑n-h‑m-¡‑n. R‑m³ A-Ã‑m-l‑p-X- B-e‑m-¡‑v i‑pI‑vÀ s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. A-Ã‑m-l‑p-X- B-e‑mb‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v X-«‑n-¸-d‑n-s‑¨S‑p-¯ A-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. A-Ã‑m-l‑p- X-B-e‑m A-t‑±-l¯‑n-\‑v a-K‑v-^‑n-d-¯‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-s‑«‑, k‑zÀ-¤-¯‑nÂ Ø‑m-\‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p¡-s‑«‑, F-¶‑m-W‑v F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-s‑a-s‑â {‑]‑mÀ-°-\. \‑n-§-t‑f‑m-t‑c‑m-c‑p-¯-c‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p t‑h->‑n {‑]‑mÀ-°‑n-¡W-s‑a-¶‑v h‑n-\‑o-X-a‑m-b‑n A-t‑]-£‑n¡‑p-¶‑p.

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\ÀKo-knsâ HmÀ½-IÄ tI«v R§-fn-cp-¶p. At¸m-tg¡v dpJn¿ Xm¯ Nmb-bp-ambn h¶p. IY tIÄ¡m³ Ipª³Im¡bpw keo-\bpw \Po-\bpw ju_n-\bpw D@m-bn-cp-¶p.

\n-dw a-§m-¯ HmÀ-½-bm-bn B D-¸ B lr-Z-b-§-fnÂ Po-hn-¡p-¶p (a-¡-fp-sS HmÀ-½-IÄ)

"-D

-¸ C-\‑n-b‑n-Ã‑, D-¸ F-s‑¶t‑¶-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n R-§-s‑f h‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¡‑m³ F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑v I‑q-«‑m-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã.' þ -\À-K‑o-k‑v ]-d-ª‑p. F‑w.-F. F-¶ c->-£-c¯‑nÂ \‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w a-d‑p-\‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v c‑w-K-¯‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ A-d‑n-b-s‑¸-« F‑w.-F. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v F-¶ h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â h‑n-t‑b‑mK-¯‑n-\‑v H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w ]‑qÀ-¯‑n-b‑mh‑p-¶ Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-¶‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ I‑p-ª³-I‑m¡-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ a-¡-f‑p‑w a-c‑pa-¡-f‑p‑w H-¯‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b B k‑mb‑m-Ó-¯‑nÂ A-h-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w k‑w-K-a‑n-¡‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w `‑m-K‑y-a‑p>‑m-b‑n. "-D-¸-s‑b ¡‑m-¡ F-¶‑m-W‑v R-§Ä h‑n-f‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. _-¨‑p-h‑n\-X‑v A-d‑n-b‑m-a-t‑Ã‑m?' \À-K‑o-k‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p. A-s‑X\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£‑, B h‑n-f‑n F-§-s‑\ h-¶‑p F-¶X‑n-s‑â ]‑n-¶‑m-¼‑p-d-I-Y-b-d‑n-b‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑m-{‑K-l-a‑p->m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

þR-§Ä X-d-h‑m-«‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶t‑¸‑mÄ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-\‑n-b-·‑mÀ D-¸s‑b ¡‑m-¡ F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-«‑v R‑m-\‑p‑w A-§-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p. B h‑n-f‑n ]‑n-s‑¶ C-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ X‑pS-c‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.' -R-§Ä a-½‑n F-¶‑p h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶ d‑p-J‑n-¿‑x X‑m-¯ ]-d-ª‑p. "-\À-K‑o-k‑v'‑ A-d‑p-]-X‑v I‑m-e-L«-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑nÂ B t‑]-c‑v ]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F‑w.-F. X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v X-s‑â c->‑ma-s‑¯ a-IÄ-¡‑v B t‑]-c‑n-«-X‑v. B I‑m-e-¯‑v l‑n-µ‑n k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑n-s‑e {‑]-i-k‑v-X \-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p \À-K‑ok‑v. \-¶‑m-b‑n h‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w k‑n\‑n-a I‑m-W‑p-I-b‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ s‑N-b‑v-X‑nc‑p-¶ ]-c‑n-j‑v-¡‑m-c‑n-b‑m-b b‑p-h‑m-h‑n-\‑v X-s‑â a-IÄ-¡‑v \À-K‑o-k‑v F-¶ t‑]-c‑n-S‑m³ t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b-X‑nÂ A-Z‑v-`‑p-Xs‑a‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. "-\‑n-\-¡-d‑n-t‑b‑m‑, B t‑]-c‑p s‑I‑m>‑v R‑m-s‑\-{‑X k-¦-S-s‑¸-«‑n-«‑p->‑v.I‑p«‑n-IÂ I-f‑n-b‑m-¡‑p‑w‑, A-[‑y‑m-]-IÀ N‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. R‑m³ i-c‑n-¡‑p‑w B t‑]-c‑p s‑I‑m->‑v _‑p-²‑n-a‑p-«‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.' \À-K‑o-k‑v N‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. B t‑]-c‑n-«Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

| 191

X-¿m-dm-¡nbXv

_-¨p sN-dp-hm-Sn ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯I³

X‑n-\‑v D-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑v "-F-´‑n-\‑m D-¸‑m F-\‑n-¡‑o t‑]-c‑n-«-X‑v-' F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ ]-d-b‑p‑w: "-B t‑]-c‑n-s‑â a-l-X‑z‑w t‑a‑mÄ I‑p-d-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑n h-e‑p-X‑m-h‑pt‑¼‑mÄ a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-h‑p‑w. A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d {‑]-i-k‑v-X-b‑m-b H-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑m-W-X‑v-' F-¶‑v. \À-K‑o-k‑n-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-IÄ t‑I-«‑v R-§-f‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑v d‑p-J‑n-¿ X‑m-¯ N‑m-b-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n h-¶‑p. I-Y t‑IÄ-¡‑m³ I‑p-ª³-I‑m-¡-b‑p‑w k-e‑o-\-b‑p‑w \-P‑o-\-b‑p‑w j‑u-_‑n-\-b‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ D-¸-s‑b R-§Ä-¡‑v A-[‑n-I-s‑a‑m¶‑p‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-I-s‑e-s‑b-h‑n-s‑S-t‑b‑m I‑q-¸‑pI-f‑nÂ a-c‑w-a‑p-d‑n \-S-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e‑w. \-Ã X‑n-c-¡‑v. h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-a‑m-W‑v h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-I. A-¶‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑m-e‑p-I-f‑nÂ c-à‑w C-ä‑n-h‑o-g‑p-¶-X‑p t‑]‑ms‑e-b‑p-Å ]‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p->m-h‑p‑w. A-« I-S‑n-¨-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v D-¸ ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑v F-s‑´‑m-s‑¡-t‑b‑m s‑]‑m-S‑n-¨‑v a-c‑p-¶‑p->‑m-¡‑n D-½ ]‑p-c-«‑n-s‑¡‑m-S‑p-¯-X‑v F-\‑n-t‑¡‑mÀ-½-b‑p->‑v. h-Ã-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-t‑a D-¸ h‑o«‑n-s‑e-¯‑q. A-¶-h‑n-s‑S k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑X³-a-g X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. B I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w D-¸ b‑m-{‑X‑m-{‑]‑n-b-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S b‑m-{‑X-IÄ t‑]‑m-h‑p‑w. h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v \‑m-«‑nÂ I‑m-W‑m-¯ X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å a‑nT‑m-b‑n-I-f‑p‑w D-S‑p-¸‑p-I-f‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-c‑p‑w.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

{‑U-Ê‑v h‑m-§‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ h-f-s‑c lavish B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸. H-c‑n-¡Â t‑_‑m‑ws‑_-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-\‑n-s‑¡‑mc‑p s‑s‑]-P‑m-a s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑p. B I‑me-¯‑v \‑m-«‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑p‑w A-§-s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p t‑h-j‑w C-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-S‑n-¨‑v a-S‑n-¨‑m-W‑v R‑m-\-X-W‑n-ª‑v k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¨ t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑w-`-h‑n-¨‑p. I‑p-«‑n-If‑p-s‑S C-S-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]-c‑n-l‑m-k-¯‑n-s‑â X‑o-s‑¸‑m-c‑n X-s‑¶-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. h-f-s‑c ]-c‑n-j‑v-¡‑m-c-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v D-¸ R-§-s‑f h-fÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v. A-¡‑m-e¯‑v C-¯-c‑w I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑ps‑S I‑p-ä-s‑¸-S‑p-¯Â D-¸ {‑i-²‑n-¡‑m-d‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. X‑n-c-¡‑p-IÄ I‑m-c-W‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-a‑p-Å k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y‑w R-§Ä-¡-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-h‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, F-{‑X-t‑b‑m P-·§Ä s‑I‑m->‑v e-`‑n-t‑¡-> k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w h‑m-Õ-e‑y-h‑p‑w I-c‑p-X-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ C‑u I‑p-d-ª I‑m-e‑w s‑I‑m->‑v B h-e‑n-b a-\‑p-j‑y³ R-§Ä¡‑v X-¶‑p. C-\‑n B k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w X-We‑p-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-s‑b-¶‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¸‑n-¡-s‑«.

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A-h-c‑p-s‑S s‑\-S‑p-h‑oÀ-¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ X‑p-f‑p-¼‑p-h‑m³ s‑h-¼‑n \‑n-¶ t‑h-Z-\IÄ A-{‑X-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I-YIÄ t‑I-«‑v \‑n-È-Ð-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-b‑m-W‑v A-\‑n-b-¯‑n-a‑mÀ k-e‑o-\-b‑p‑w \-P‑o-\b‑p‑w j‑u-_‑n-\-b‑p‑w. "-D-¸-b‑p-s‑S k‑v-t‑\-l-k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y‑w G-s‑d A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m³ `‑m-K‑y‑w s‑N¿‑m-¯-h-c‑m-W‑v R-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡. R-§Ä-¡‑v H‑mÀ-½ s‑h-¨ I‑m-e‑w a‑pXÂ D-¸ A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d X‑n-c-¡‑n-e‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p.' -j‑u-_‑n-\ a‑u-\‑w `-R‑v-P‑n-¨‑p. "-]-t‑£‑, D-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-h-k‑m-\I‑m-e-¯‑v I‑q-s‑S b‑m-{‑X s‑N-¿‑m³ F-\‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v A-h-k-c‑w I‑n-«‑nb‑n-«‑p->‑v. b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ H-c‑mÄ I‑q-s‑S t‑h-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v B I‑m-e-¯‑v. c-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S b‑m-{‑X s‑N-¿Â. t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ Ø-e-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑d‑m-U‑p-I-f‑p-s‑Sb‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ ]-g-b-I‑m-e-I-Y-IÄ ]-d-ª‑p-X-c‑p‑w. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S s‑N-d‑p-¸I‑m-e-s‑¯ A-\‑p-`-h-§Ä t‑IÄ¡‑m³ F-\‑n-¡‑n-ã-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-W‑p-¶-h-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m-s‑¡ I‑p-i-e‑w ]-d-ª‑p ]-X‑p-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p b‑m{‑X. B-s‑c-b‑p‑w I>‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v \-S‑n-¡‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã.' þ j‑u-_‑n-\ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. "D-¸-s‑b H-¶‑p I‑m-W‑p-I F-¶X‑p X-s‑¶ `‑m-K‑y-‑w F-¶ A-h-Øb‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-s‑â I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑v. A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d X‑n-c-¡‑n-t‑e-¡‑v B>‑pt‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸.' þ \-P‑o-\ N‑n-c‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m->‑v ]-d-ª‑p. D-¸-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¯‑pÅ-X-Ã‑, D-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y-a‑mW‑v \-P‑o-\-b‑p-s‑S H‑mÀ-½-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-ds‑b. A-k‑o-k‑v-¡‑m-¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑d‑m-f‑nÂ F-Ã‑m‑w s‑N-b‑vX‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑nÂ t‑NÀ-¡‑p-¶X‑p‑w. A-§-s‑\ F-Ã‑m-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w..... B h-e‑n-b X‑n-c-¡‑n-\‑n-S-b‑nÂ ^‑m-d‑q-J‑v t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v t‑l‑m-Ì-e‑nÂ X-s‑¶ I‑m-W‑m³ D-¸ h-¶ I-Y \-P‑o-\ s‑]‑m-«‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m>‑m-W‑v

]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨-X‑v. "-t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑n-s‑e H-c‑p k‑m‑w-k‑v¡‑m-c‑n-I ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ ]-s‑¦S‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v D-¸ F-¯‑n-b-X‑v. ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n I-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑mÄ F-s‑â t‑a‑mÄ C-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p-s‑>-¶‑v ]-d-ªt‑¸‑mÄ t‑I‑m-t‑f-P‑v A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-IÄ t‑l‑m-Ì-e‑n-t‑e-¡‑v D-¸-s‑b I‑q-«‑ns‑¡‑m->‑p h-c‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B-I-k‑v-a‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n D-¸-s‑b I->t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ X-c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. A-{‑X-t‑b-s‑d B-\-µ-h‑p‑w A-`‑n-a‑m\-h‑p‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p \‑n-a‑nj‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ D->m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã.' þ-\-P‑o-\ H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. "-D-¸-b‑p-s‑S k‑m-¶‑n-²‑y‑w G-s‑d A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑m-¯ H-c‑m-f‑mW‑v R‑m-\‑p‑w-' þ k-e‑o-\ ]-d-ª‑p. "F-t‑¸‑m-s‑g-¦‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v D-¸s‑b H-¶‑v k‑z-X-{‑´-a‑m-b‑n I‑n-«‑p-I. D-¸ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ c‑m-{‑X‑n I‑q-s‑S D-d-§‑m³ R‑m³ I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n¡‑p‑w. \‑m-«‑nÂ I‑n-«‑m-¯ a‑p-´‑n-c‑n‑, N‑n-e ]‑p-X‑n-b a‑nT‑m-b‑n-IÄ H-s‑¡ s‑I‑m->‑p-h-c‑p‑w. R‑m-\-X‑v A-`‑n-a‑m\-]‑qÀ-Æ‑w k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e I‑q-«‑p-I‑mÀ¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p‑w. A-¶‑v D-¸ t‑S‑m-W‑n-¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-h¶‑v \‑nÀ-º-Ô‑n-¨‑v I‑p-S‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v H‑mÀ-½-b‑p->‑v.' "-D-¸-s‑b N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ t‑]‑mÀ-«‑v-e‑m³-U‑n-s‑e t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑nä-e‑nÂ k-bâ‑n-Ì‑m-W‑v F-s‑â t‑a‑m-f‑p-s‑S `À-¯‑m-h‑v. D-¸-s‑b N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¨ t‑U‑m-Î-d‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w_-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n a-I-f‑p‑w `À-¯‑m-h‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-hÀ h-fs‑c A-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C-X‑v D-¸‑m-¡‑v h-f-s‑c k-t‑´‑m-j‑w \-e‑vI‑n-b H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H‑mÀ½‑n-¡‑m³ I‑p-d-t‑¨ D-Å‑p-s‑h-¦‑n-e‑p‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-µ-l-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ B a‑p-J‑w a‑m-b‑m-s‑X I-c-f‑n-\-I-¯‑p>‑v.' þ -k-e‑o-\ A-e‑v-]‑w t‑h-Z-\t‑b‑m-s‑S ]-d-ª‑p \‑nÀ-¯‑n. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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A-¶v h-cp-t¼mÄ D-¸-bp-sS Im-epI-fnÂ c-àw C-än-ho-gp-¶-Xp t]m-se-bp-Å ]m-Sp-I-fp@m-hpw. A-« I-Sn-¨-Xm-sW-¶v D-¸ ]-d-bp-am-bncp-¶p. A-Xn-\v F-s´m-s¡-tbm s]m-Sn-¨v a-cp-¶p@m-¡n D-½ ]p-c-«n-s¡m-Sp¯-Xv F-\nt¡mÀ-½-bp@v. h-Ã-t¸m-gpw am-{Xta D-¸ ho-«n-se¯q. A-¶-hn-sS kv-t\-l-¯n-sâ tX³-a-g X-s¶bm-bn-cn-¡pw.

c@p Znh-k-¯n-\Iw Fs¶bpw Ako-kn-s\bpw Iq«n _mKp-sam-s¡-sb-Sp¯v R§Ä Du«n-bn-te¡v bm{Xbm-bn. \Ã Xnc-¡pÅ tdmUp-Ifpw Ipsd Imdp-Ifpw _Êpw Hs¡-bp-@v. at\m-l-c-amb sI«n-S-§fpw tlm«-ep-Ifpw kn\n-am-im-e-I-fp-sam-s¡-bpÅ `wKnbpÅ Øew.sshIp-t¶cw ISÂ ImWm³ t]mbn. F{X I@mepw aXn-h-cm¯ ISÂ.

HmÀ-½-I-fnÂ D-¸

]‑p dp-Jn-¿ Fw.-F. (a-½n) aIÄ UbdÎÀ bq-Wn-än _m-¦v sIm-Sn-b-¯qÀ

-d-¯‑v a-g s‑]-¿‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. H‑mÀ-a-I-f‑nÂ s‑]-b‑v-X‑p X‑oc‑m-s‑X k‑v-t‑\-l-s‑¸-b‑v-¯‑m-b‑v D-¸ I-®‑nÂ \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. D-¸-s‑b R-§Ä a-¡Ä B-Z‑y‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v C-¡‑m-¡ F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸b‑p-s‑S A-\‑n-b·‑m-c‑p‑w A-\‑n-b¯‑n-a‑m-c‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I-«-X‑v s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w D-¸ C-¡‑m-¡-b‑m-b‑n-t‑¸‑m-b-X‑v. F-s‑â s‑N-d‑p-¸-¯‑nÂ R‑m³ A-[‑n-Ih‑p‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S X-d-h‑m-«‑p-h‑o-«‑n-e‑m-W‑v D->‑m-h‑m-d‑v. D-¸ k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ R-§Ä-¡‑v I-f‑n-¡‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c-\‑m-b C-¡‑m-¡-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑m-Õ-e‑y-§-f‑ps‑S ]‑n-X‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-¡-f‑nÂ G-s‑d-¡‑m-e‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-Õe‑y‑w s‑X‑m-«-S‑p-¯‑v A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª-X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â t‑\-s‑c A-\‑n-b³ I‑p-ª\‑p‑w (A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑v) R‑m\‑p‑w X-½‑nÂ A-©‑p-h-b-Ê‑n-\‑v h‑y-X‑y‑m-k-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p-X-s‑¶ A-{‑X-b‑p‑w I‑m-e‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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F-\‑n-¡‑m-b‑n D-¸-s‑b I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§-f‑p-s‑S X‑m-t‑g‑m-«‑p-Å a-¡Äs‑¡‑m-¶‑p‑w D-¸-s‑b A-[‑n-I‑w A-S‑p¯‑p I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. A-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w D-¸ X‑n-c-¡‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w X‑n-c-¡‑n-t‑e¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ D-¸ A-[‑n-Ih‑p‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ D->‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â I-c-¨‑n-e‑n-¶‑p‑w h‑m-i‑n-¡‑p‑w a‑p-¼‑nÂ F-Ã‑m‑w k‑m-[‑n-¨‑p X-c‑p-¶ ]‑n-X‑m-h‑v, k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S D-½ F-X‑nÀ-¯‑m-e‑p‑w D-¸ F-s‑â I‑q-s‑S \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p‑w. B I‑m-e-¯‑v B-t‑c‑m ]-d-ª‑m-W‑v R‑m-\-d‑n-ª-X‑v D‑u-«‑n-s‑b-¶ a-t‑\‑m-l-c-a‑m-b H-c‑p Ø-e-a‑p-s‑>-¶‑p‑w B-f‑p-IÄ I‑p«‑n-I-s‑f-b‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ I‑q-«‑n A-h‑n-s‑S I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-I‑m-d‑p-s‑>-¶‑ps‑a‑m-s‑¡. A-¶‑p X-s‑¶ D‑u-«‑nb‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑p-Å B-{‑K-l‑w D-¸-s‑b A-d‑n-b‑n-¨‑p. "-A-X‑n-s‑\-´‑m \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑]‑m-h‑m-t‑e‑m-' F-¶‑v D-¸ ]-d-ª‑p. c->‑p Z‑n-h-k-¯‑n-\-I‑w F-s‑¶-b‑p‑w A-k‑o-k‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n _‑m-K‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡-s‑b-S‑p-¯‑v R-§Ä

D‑u-«‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v b‑m-{‑X-b‑m-b‑n. \-Ã X‑n-c-¡‑p-Å t‑d‑m-U‑p-I-f‑p‑w I‑p-s‑d I‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w _-Ê‑p‑w H-s‑¡-b‑p->‑v. a-t‑\‑m-l-c-a‑m-b s‑I-«‑n-S-§-f‑p‑w t‑l‑m«-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w k‑n-\‑n-a‑m-i‑m-e-I-f‑p-s‑a‑ms‑¡-b‑p-Å `‑w-K‑n-b‑p-Å Ø-e‑w. A-h‑n-s‑S C‑w-]‑o-c‑n-bÂ F-¶ t‑l‑m-«-e‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ R-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w t‑I‑m-b‑m-a‑p-«‑n I‑m-¡ D->‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-a‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶-b‑p‑w A-k‑o-k‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w Ø-e-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ I‑m-W‑m³ ]‑p-d-¯‑p s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p¶-X‑v. I‑p-s‑d ]-S-h‑p-I-f‑p-Å h-e‑n-b I‑p-f-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b s‑s‑a-X‑m-\-h‑p-s‑aÃ‑m‑w I->‑p a-S-§‑n. s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w I-SÂ I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n. F-{‑X

I>‑m-e‑p‑w a-X‑n-h-c‑m-¯ I-SÂ. c‑m-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ D-¸ R-§-s‑f-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n k‑n-\‑n-a I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n. R‑m³ B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n I-> k‑n-\‑n-a. k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑v D-½ F-¶‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑p-s‑S t‑]c‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑e c‑w-K-§-f‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑nÂ ]-¨-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p‑w R-§s‑f C-S-b‑v-s‑¡‑m-s‑¡ k‑n-\‑n-a-b‑v-¡‑v s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c->‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w D‑u-«‑n-b‑nÂ X‑ma-k‑n-¨‑p. c->‑p Z‑n-h-k-h‑p‑w I-SÂ I‑m-W‑m³ t‑]‑m-b‑n. D‑u-«‑n-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a-S-§‑n h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n _‑n-¨‑m¸-t‑b‑m-S‑v D‑u-«‑n-_-U‑m-b‑v ]-d-ªt‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v _‑n-¨‑m-¸ t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨-X‑v: "-D‑u-«‑n-b‑nÂ I-S-t‑e‑m?'

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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"-\o F-´n-\m-Wv I-c-bp-¶-Xv? R-§Ä-¡mÀ¡pw In-«m-¯ H-cp `m-Ky-a-tÃ \n-\-¡v In-«n-b-Xv? \o \oÀ-\m-b-sb \-tÃm-Ww I-@ntÃ. R-§Ä¡n-Xp h-sc H-¶v sXm-Sm³ I-gnªn-«n-Ã-tÃm-'

]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b-X‑v D‑u-«‑n-s‑b-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑v D-¸ R-§-s‑f I‑m-W‑n-¨-X‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑m-S‑v ]-«-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e F-W‑o-ä‑mÂ D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v ]-d-¼‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ H-¶‑v \-S-¡‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-h‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-d-¼‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑ms‑g-Ã‑m‑w F-s‑¶-b‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S I‑q-«‑p‑w. ]-d-¼‑n-e‑p-Å H‑m-t‑c‑m I-h‑p-§‑n³ s‑s‑X-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯‑p t‑]‑m-b‑n H-¶‑p s‑X‑m-«‑p-t‑\‑m-¡‑n A-X‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v. R-§Ä a-S-§‑n h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑v a-{‑Z-k-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m³ X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑m-h‑p‑w. D-½ h-S‑n-b‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w D-¸ ]-d-b‑p‑w "-C-¶‑v C-\‑n a-{‑Z-k-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-h->‑, k‑v-¡‑q-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑mÂ a-X‑n-' F-¶‑v. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v D-¸ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â X‑n-c-¡‑n-t‑e¡‑v a‑p-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-s‑g-Ã‑m‑w D-½-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä-s‑¡Ã‑m‑w. D-½ I‑p-d-¨‑v k‑v-{‑S‑n-Î‑v B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ A-S‑n h‑m-§‑n-b-X‑p‑w D-½-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¯‑p-\‑n-¶‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶ F-s‑â H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-s‑e A-¶-s‑¯ s‑h-Å-s‑¸‑m¡-h‑p‑w h‑o-s‑S‑m-g‑n-b-e‑p‑w h-«-s‑¨-¼‑v t‑X‑m-W‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w _‑n-¨‑m-¸-a‑m-c‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w I‑q-S‑n \-Ã c-k-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. X-d-½Â A-½‑m-b‑n-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑m-W‑v H-g‑n-¨‑pt‑]‑m-I‑m-d‑v. t‑X‑m-W‑n-I-f‑n-¡‑m-\‑p‑w a‑p->‑p s‑I‑m->‑v a‑o³ A-c‑n-¨‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ D-¸ I‑q-s‑S-¯-s‑¶ D->‑mI‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \-Ã a-g-¡‑m-e‑w h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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F-®-t‑X-¨‑p-I‑p-f‑n ]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑v I‑p-g-¼‑p->‑m-¡-e‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-k‑q-¸‑v D->‑m-¡-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ c‑m-a³ s‑s‑h-Z‑yÀ (t‑N-µ-a‑w-K-Ã‑qÀ‑) B-W‑v. I‑p-g-¼‑v t‑X-¨‑v D-¸-s‑b I‑pf‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w s‑s‑h-Z‑yÀ X-s‑¶. F-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑m-t‑L‑m-j-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-¶‑v. I‑q-¸‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v B-\-I-s‑f s‑I‑m->‑p-h-¶‑v N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑p‑w t‑I‑m-g‑n-a-c‑p-¶‑v C-S‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑mS‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w H-c‑p a‑m-k-s‑¯ N‑nI‑n-Õ-b‑v-¡‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑p-¶-X‑p‑w C‑u I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v. I‑p-s‑d ]‑m-¸‑m³a‑m-c‑p‑w B-\-s‑b I‑p-f‑n-¸‑n-¡-e‑p‑w `-£-W‑w s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-e‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w I‑q-S‑n \-Ã c-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑,(H-c‑n¡-e‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p I‑n-«‑m-¯ B _‑m-e‑y-I‑m-e‑w.‑) I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ R‑m³ I->‑p-h-fÀ-¶ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-«‑p-I‑mc‑nÂ A-¶-s‑¯ A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶ F.-F‑w. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b³ k‑m-l‑n-_‑v (F-s‑â `À-¯‑m-h‑n-

s‑â D-¸‑) B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p G-ä-h‑p‑w A-S‑p-¯ I‑q-«‑p-I‑m-c³. ]‑n-s‑¶ t‑I‑m-b‑m-a‑p-«‑n k‑m-l‑n-_‑v, s‑I.-S‑n. l‑p-s‑s‑k³-I‑m-¡‑, s‑I.-k‑n. l‑ps‑s‑k³-I‑m-¡‑, A-c‑n-©‑o-c‑n t‑N-¡‑p«‑n-I‑m-¡‑, s‑I.-]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-I‑m-¡ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w h‑o-«‑nÂ `-£-W-]‑mÀ-«‑n-b‑p->‑mh‑p‑w. A-X‑nÂ G-ä-h‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\‑w ‑"-C‑u-´‑p‑w-]‑n-S‑n-' -D->‑m-¡‑p-¶ Z‑n-hk-s‑¯ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-b‑m-W‑v. _-l-fa‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-a-¶‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ s‑]‑m-b‑n-e‑n-s‑e X-d-½Â A-_‑p-I‑m-¡-b‑p‑w ]-Å‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑p-I a‑p-l-½-Z‑v-I‑m-¡-b‑p‑w k‑n.-S‑n. B-e‑nI‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ D->‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶‑, B-Z‑y-I‑m-e-I-½‑y‑q-W‑nÌ‑v t‑\-X‑m-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-ÌÀ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ `-£-W‑w D->‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑p‑w F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p¶-X‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ H-c‑p s‑N-d‑n-b H‑mÀ½-b‑m-W‑v. A-S‑p-¯ ‑"-C‑u-´‑p-]‑n-S‑n-]‑mÀ-«‑n-' D-Å‑m-«‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w A-¶‑v A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v I‑q-S‑p-I. D-¸b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S R‑m-\‑p‑w A-k‑o-k‑p-a‑p>‑m-h‑p‑w D-Å‑m-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v. A-¶-s‑¯ H-c‑p I-Y I‑q-S‑n H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-c‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. A-¼-e-¡->‑n ]‑p-g-b‑nÂ I‑pf‑n-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m-b H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w. A-¡-c-b‑v-¡‑v \‑o-´‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R‑m³. A-X‑n-\‑n-S-b‑v-¡‑m-W‑v F-s‑â a‑p-«‑p-I‑m-e‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v H-c‑p I-j‑v-W‑w C-d-¨‑n-b‑p‑wsIm>v \‑o-d‑m-b‑v (\‑oÀ\‑m-b‑)t‑]‑m-b-X‑v. c->‑p h-e‑n-b a‑p-d‑nh‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¶-s‑¯-t‑¸‑m-s‑e A-¶‑v X‑p-¶-e‑n-S‑p-¶ t‑U‑m-ÎÀ-a‑ms‑c‑m-¶‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-¶‑v ]‑p-g-b‑nÂ N‑q->-b‑n-S‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p t‑U‑m-ÎÀ s‑a‑m-b‑v-X‑p-¡. A-t‑±-la‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶ h‑o-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¨-X‑p‑w a‑p-d‑n-h‑v s‑I-«‑n-¯-¶-X‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡. C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w B ]‑m-S‑v A-h‑n-s‑S¯-s‑¶-b‑p>‑v‑, H-c‑p H‑mÀ-½-b‑v-¡‑mb‑n. A-¶‑v D-¸ Ø-e-¯‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-

c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ R‑m³ `-b-¦-c I-c-¨‑n-e‑m-b‑n-. \-Ã t‑h-Z-\-b‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ h-¶-]‑m-s‑S t‑N‑m-Z‑n¨‑p: "-\‑o F-´‑n-\‑m-W‑v I-c-b‑p-¶-X‑v? R-§Ä-¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w I‑n-«‑m-¯ H-c‑p `‑m-K‑y-a-t‑Ã \‑n-\-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v? \‑o \‑oÀ\‑m-b-s‑b \-t‑Ã‑m-W‑w I->‑n-t‑Ã. R-§Ä-¡‑n-X‑p h-s‑c H-¶‑v s‑X‑m-S‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m-' F-¶‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n C-s‑X-t‑´‑m H-c‑p h-e‑n-b k‑w-`-h-a‑ms‑W-¶‑v. A-X‑m-s‑W-s‑â D-¸. ]‑n-s‑¶-¸‑n-s‑¶ I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e-¯‑v I‑q-s‑S-¯-s‑¶-b‑p->mb‑n-c‑p-¶ D-¸ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â X‑n-c-¡‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ R-§Ä-¡‑v A-s‑X‑m-c‑p h-e‑n-b h‑n-S-h‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v R-§Ä t‑h-s‑d X‑m-a-k‑n¡‑p-¶ h‑o-«‑n-e‑p‑w a‑p-S-§‑m-s‑X B-g‑v-N-b‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑n-¡-s‑e¦‑n-e‑p‑w D-¸ h-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶ X‑o-s‑c h-¿‑m-s‑X I‑n-S-¸‑n-e‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v h-s‑c B ]-X‑n-h‑v X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p. D-¸-b‑ps‑S h-c-h‑v I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v t‑]-c‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-¶‑v. P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m k‑u-`‑m-K‑y-§-f‑p‑w F-Ã‑m X-W-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w R-§Ä-¡‑v X-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑m-¯ H-c‑p t‑e‑m-I-t‑¯-¡‑v b‑m-{‑X-t‑]‑m-b D-¸ F-\‑n-¡‑n-X‑v h-s‑c X-c‑m-¯ c->‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑p->‑v. X-c‑m-\‑p-Å A-h-kc-§Ä G-s‑d-b‑p->‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p-h‑m-§‑p-¶ k-ab‑w D->m-b‑n-«‑p‑w D-¸ A-X‑p a‑m-{‑X‑w X-¶‑n-Ã. H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w H-¶‑v t‑Z-j‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-I-t‑b‑m H-c‑p A-S‑n A-S‑n-¡‑p-It‑b‑m s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-Ã. B-d-S‑n a-®‑nÂ A-§‑v ]-©‑m-_‑nÂ A-´‑n-b‑p-d§‑p-¶ C-¡‑m-¡-b‑p-s‑S (D-¸-b‑p-s‑S‑) ]-c-t‑e‑m-I- k‑u-J‑y¯‑n-\‑v, {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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A¶v Ah-tcm-sSm¸w Hmtcm kv{Im¸v (s]mfn-hn-ev]\) I¨-h-S-¡mcpw \S-¶n-cp-¶p. A_q-_-¡À¡-bpsS IqsSbpÅ I¨-h-S-¡m-c³ 6 e£w hne ]d-ªp. DSs\ aq¸À hnäv A-Uzm³kpw hm§n. D¸-bpsS IqsS \S¶ BÄ]d-ª-Xv 27 e£-amWv. _w¥m-hnÂ Xncn-s¨-¯n-bt¸mÄ henb kt´m-j-t¯msS A_q-_-¡À¡ ]dªp: "Rm\Xv 6 e£-¯n\v hnäp, AUzm³kpw hm-§n...'

HmÀ-½-bn-se Ip-«n-¡m-ew

A Fw.-F. \m-kÀ aI³ _n-kn\kv

-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ B-g‑v-N-IÄ I-g‑n-t‑ª‑m‑, a‑m-k-¯‑ns‑e‑m-c‑n-¡-t‑e‑m I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶ H-c-X‑n-Y‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä-¡‑v D-¸. h-fÀ-¶‑p h-e‑p-X‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑v-t‑\-l‑w s‑I‑m->‑v a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\ I‑o-g-S-¡‑n-b a‑mÀ-¤-ZÀ-i‑n-b‑m-b‑n D-¸ R-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¶‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p. I‑pS‑p‑w-_-¯‑n-s‑e‑, F-\‑n-¡‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w s‑N-d‑p-s‑X-¶‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b I‑m-c‑y§Ä h-e‑n-b h‑n-j-b-a‑m-t‑b-s‑ä-S‑p¯‑v A-X‑v ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p h-s‑c D-¸ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-t>-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m‑w ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¨‑p a‑m-{‑X-t‑a h‑n-{‑ia-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-Å‑q. G-s‑X‑m-c‑p {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑m-ZÀ-i-§Ä-¡‑p‑w F-f‑p¸-¯‑nÂ I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑m-h‑p-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-t‑Z-i-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑Ã‑m s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-s‑c-¶ \-½‑p-s‑S k‑p-µ-c-{‑K‑m-a‑w. B I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v D-¸ A-l‑v-aZ‑n-¿ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-¶-X‑v. I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-ª‑mÂ 1964Â. B {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w i-c‑n-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-¶‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b-

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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a‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, H-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w-F-\‑n¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w‑, D-¸-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w Z‑r-V-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸-s‑b-¶ h‑n-¹-h-I‑m-c‑n-t‑b‑mS‑v A-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b h‑n-I‑m-c‑w C-t‑¸‑mÄ H‑mÀ-s‑¯-S‑p-¡‑m-h-X-Ã. A-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ H‑m-t‑c‑m hÀ-j-s‑¯b‑p‑w t‑]‑m-¡-ä‑p-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§Ä D-¸ I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n k‑q-£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p¶‑p. D-¸ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑n-S-¡‑p-¶ ‑"-A-dâ-I-¯‑v' t‑a-i-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v D-½ F-S‑p-¯‑p X-¶-X‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p 1962s‑e t‑]‑m-¡-ä‑v-_‑p¡‑v. 1962 a‑mÀ-¨‑v 12\‑v 10- a-W‑n-¡‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e S‑n.-]‑n. t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-äe‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-s‑â P-\-\‑w. D-¨-b‑v-¡‑p ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑mI‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ R‑m-\‑p‑w A-\‑p-P-¯‑n k-e‑o-\-b‑p‑w F-¶‑p‑w I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑mI‑p‑w. a-S-§‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D-ä-k‑p-l‑r¯‑p-¡Ä F.-F‑w. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b³ A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n‑, s‑I.-]‑n. a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, h‑n-f-t‑¡‑m-«‑nÂ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, ]-Å‑nb‑n-s‑e B-e‑n-¡‑p-«‑n a‑u-e-h‑n C-h-s‑c‑m-s‑¡ I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w.

D-½-bp-sS a-c-W-Zn-h-kw, a-Wn-¡qÀ am-{Xw ap-¶n-ep-Åt¸mÄ F-s¶ tNÀ-¯p-]n-Sn-¨p ]-d-ªp D-S-s\ \m-«nÂ A-cn hn-X-c-Ww sN-¿m³ ]-d-bWw, A-h-cp-sSsbm-s¡ {]mÀ-°-\-bv-¡v D-¯-c-ap@m-Ipw F-¶v. A-hÀ-s‑¡‑m-s‑¡ `-£-W‑w s‑h-¨‑p I‑m-¯‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ F-¶‑p‑w D-½-b‑v-¡‑v D-Õ‑m-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h‑n-f-t‑¡‑m-«‑nÂ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n_‑n-s‑\ D-¸ X-a‑m-i-c‑q-t‑]-W h‑n-f‑n¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v ‑"-h‑n-f-t‑¡‑m-«‑nÂ b‑q-\‑nt‑h-g‑v-k‑n-ä‑n-‑ ' F-¶‑m-W‑v. s‑s‑h-I‑n-«‑v h‑o->‑p‑w R-§-s‑f‑m-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-Å‑n-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-¡‑v. D-ä-k‑p-l‑r¯‑v S‑n.-s‑I. t‑I‑m-b‑m-a‑p-«‑n-¡-b‑p-s‑S h‑o-S‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v t‑NÀ-¶ a-¡‑m-\‑n-b‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v-I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a. I‑qs‑S-b‑p-Å R-§Ä-¡‑v t‑K‑m-«‑n-t‑k‑mU-b‑p‑w I‑m-b-¸-h‑p‑w k‑v-s‑]-jÂ. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ t‑I‑m-«-½Â A-§‑m-S‑n-b‑nÂ F.-F‑w. D-®‑nt‑a‑m-b³ A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-s‑S s‑I«‑n-S-¯‑n-\‑p a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑n-c‑p-¶‑v b‑p. I-e‑m-\‑m-Y-s‑â-b‑p‑w a‑u-e-h‑n t‑N-I¶‑q-c‑n-s‑â-b‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ {‑]-k‑w-K-§Ä t‑I-«-X‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½-b‑n-e‑p->‑v. D-®‑nt‑a‑m-b³ A-[‑n-I‑m-c‑n-b‑p-s‑S a-I³ F.-F‑w. I‑p-«‑n-l-k-\‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å a‑q-¯-k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑n d‑p-J‑n-¿-b‑p-s‑S h‑n-

h‑m-l‑w G-s‑d h‑n-h‑m-Z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v t‑\-c‑n-b H‑mÀ-½ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. k‑z-´‑w k-a‑p-Z‑m-b-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v, I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v, H-c‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e F-X‑nÀ-¸‑n-s‑\ t‑\-c‑n-«‑v X-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑mk-s‑¯ \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-b D-¸-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-c‑n-`-h-¯‑nÂ \‑n-d-ª H-c‑m-Z-ch‑v F-\‑n-s‑¡-¶‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-Þ‑n-X-t‑{‑i-j‑vT-\‑m-b A-Ð‑pÂA-k‑o-k‑v a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑p-{‑X-\‑v, s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-Ã a‑u-e-h‑n-b‑p-s‑S k-t‑l‑m-Z-c‑o-]‑p-{‑X-\‑v, H-c‑p `‑u-X‑n-It‑\-«-h‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯‑, a-d‑n-¨‑v H-c‑p-]‑mS‑v \-ã-§Ä a‑m-{‑X‑w k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¨‑v F-´‑n-\‑o h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-s‑¯ I‑q-s‑S t‑NÀ-¯‑p‑! R-§Ä a-¡Ä ]-eÀ¡‑p‑w A-X‑pÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑m³ k‑m-[‑n¨‑n-Ã. h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-a‑m-ä-¯‑n-\‑p‑w F-X‑nÀ¸‑n-\‑p-a-¸‑p-d‑w k‑z-´‑w ]‑n-X‑m-h‑n-s‑\‑, a‑m-X‑m-h‑n-s‑\‑, I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯‑, k-a‑q-l-s‑¯ H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑p I‑q-s‑S\‑nÀ-¯‑n-b D-¸-s‑b F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w‑, h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑n-t‑b‑m-P‑n-t‑¸‑m-s‑S H-c‑p-]‑mS‑v k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p. R-§Ä a-¡-f‑pFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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s‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w D-¸-b‑v-¡‑p \‑nÀ-º-Ô-_‑p-²‑n-b‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-X-h‑p‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-h‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ h‑y-à‑n-]-c-s‑a-¶ D-d-¨ h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w D-¸-b‑v-¡‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b‑w G-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡-d‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]-s‑£‑, A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v D-ä k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡Ä I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-Ì‑p-I‑m-c‑m-b k‑n.-S‑n. B-e‑n‑, X-d-½Â A-_‑p‑, t‑X-e‑o-c‑n a‑p-l-½-Z‑v, ]-Å‑n-s‑¯‑m-S‑p-I a‑p-l-½-Z‑v C-hs‑c‑m-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v k. N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-ÌÀ D-¸-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n A-S‑p¯‑p _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å _-Ô‑w a-c-¡-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ h-e‑n-b k‑z‑m[‑o-\‑w s‑N-e‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑>-¶‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-¶‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-a-{‑´‑n-b‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶ s‑I.-BÀ. K‑u-c‑n-b-½-b‑v-¡‑v N‑m-¯‑p-®‑n a‑m-ÌÀ \-e‑v-I‑n-b I-¯‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]-e-c‑p‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-X‑p s‑I‑m->‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡-W‑w X-s‑â B-Z‑y-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-k‑wc‑w-`-a‑m-b I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-s‑S D-Z‑v-L‑m-S-\‑w a‑m-Ì-s‑d-s‑¡‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ D-¸ \‑nÀ-Æ-l‑n-¸‑n-¨-X‑v. I‑m-e‑w I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑n. F-s‑â t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ A-Ð‑pÂ-A-k‑o-k‑n-s‑â a-c-W‑w D-¸-s‑b a‑m-\-k‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n h-Ã‑m-s‑X X-fÀ-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-X‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w R‑m³ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w F-s‑â-b‑p‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ I‑q-S‑p-XÂ {‑i-² ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑n. B I‑m-e-¯‑v D-¸-b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w G-s‑d t‑NÀ-¶‑p-\‑n-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m I‑m-c‑y¯‑n-e‑p‑w F-s‑â A-`‑n-{‑]‑m-b‑w t‑X-S‑p‑w. A-{‑Xb‑v-¡‑v k‑v-t‑\-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. b‑m-{‑X G-s‑d C-ã-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ D-¸ \‑n-ch-[‑n h‑n-t‑Z-i-c‑m-P‑y-§Ä k-µÀ-i‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e-¯‑v _‑m‑w-¥‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n¨‑p‑w b‑m-{‑X ]-X‑n-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑q-s‑S R‑m-\‑p‑w F-t‑f-a-b‑p‑w s‑s‑{‑U-hÀ N-{‑µ-\‑p‑w. t‑I‑m-g‑nt‑¡‑m-«‑p-\‑n-¶‑p ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ {‑]-[‑m-\Ø-e-§Ä‑, t‑l‑m-«-e‑p-IÄ - `‑q-a‑n-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w D-¸-b‑v-¡-d‑n-b‑m‑w. s‑h-P‑n-t‑ä-d‑n-b³ t‑l‑m-«-e‑ns‑e t‑I-k-c‑n _‑m-¯‑p‑w s‑s‑X-c‑v k‑m-Z-h‑p‑w‑, A-X‑m-W‑v C-ã‑w. F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w‑, "-\‑o t‑]‑m-b‑n t‑\‑m¬-s‑h-K‑v I-g‑n-t‑¨‑m-f‑q.' R-§Ä a-¡-t‑f‑m-s‑S-¶‑p‑w D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v ]-d-b‑m-\‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ-j‑n-¸‑v _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-s‑e a-c‑y‑m-Z-I-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑pFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

¶‑p. ]-e-h-«‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª H-c‑p I‑mc‑y‑w R‑m-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w: IÀ-®‑m-S-I-b‑n-s‑e I-S‑q-c‑n-e‑p-Å R-§-f‑ps‑S H‑m-S‑v \‑nÀ-½‑m-W-^‑m-Î-d‑n \-ã-I-Y-IÄ ]-d-ª‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ A-S-¨‑p-]‑q-«‑n. h‑n-e‑v-]-\-b‑v-¡‑p {‑i-a‑n-¨-t‑¸‑m-s‑g‑m-s‑¡ \-S-¡‑ms‑X t‑]‑m-b‑n. B I‑m-e-¯‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S I-¼-\‑n ]‑mÀ-S‑v-WÀ‑, D-¸-b‑v-¡‑p a‑p-t‑¼ I-S¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑, I-®‑q-c‑n-s‑e h‑y-h-k‑m-b-{‑]-a‑p-J³ F‑w. A-_‑q-_-¡À k‑m-l‑n-_‑p-s‑a‑m-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑v I-S‑qÀ I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p t‑]‑m-I‑p‑w. A-h-k‑m-\‑w I-¼-\‑n s‑]‑m-f‑n-¨‑p h‑n-e‑v¡‑m³ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. I‑n-«‑p-¶ h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v h‑n-e‑v-¡-W‑w‑, C-S‑n-ª‑p-s‑]‑m-f‑n-ª‑p h‑o-g‑p-¶X‑n-\‑p a‑p-¼‑v F-¶‑v A-_‑q-_-¡À k‑m-l‑n_‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v D-¸ ]-e-h‑p-c‑p ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w {‑]-`‑m-X-b‑m-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑v h-fs‑c {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-s‑¶‑m-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w c->‑p-t‑]-c‑p‑w c->‑p h-g‑n-¡‑m-W‑v \-S-¡‑m-\‑n-d-§‑n-b-X‑v. A-¶‑v A-h-t‑c‑m-s‑S‑m¸‑w H‑m-t‑c‑m k‑v-{‑I‑m-¸‑v (s‑]‑m-f‑n-h‑n-e‑v-]-\‑) I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c‑p‑w \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-_‑q-_-¡À¡-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑p-Å I-¨-h-S-¡‑m-c³ 6 e-£‑w h‑n-e ]-d-ª‑p. D-S-s‑\ a‑q-¸À h‑n-ä‑v A-U‑z‑m³-k‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S \-S¶ BÄ-]-d-ª-X‑v 16 e-£-a‑m-W‑v. _‑w-¥‑m-h‑nÂ X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ h-e‑n-b k-t‑´‑m-j-t‑¯‑m-s‑S A-_‑q-_¡À-¡ ]-d-ª‑p: "-R‑m-\-X‑v 6 e-£-¯‑n\‑v h‑n-ä‑p‑, A-U‑z‑m³-k‑p‑w h‑m-§‑n.' D-¸ k-t‑´‑m-j-t‑¯‑m-s‑S s‑s‑I-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p I‑p-e‑p¡‑n ]-d-ª‑p: "-F-¶‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ X‑m-ak‑n-t‑¡->‑, \-a‑p-¡‑v I‑qÀ-K‑v h-g‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-I‑m‑w.' -A-h‑n-s‑S-b‑p‑w C-c‑p-h-c‑p‑w H-c‑p-a‑n¨‑p-Å _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v D->m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ B-c‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m-s‑X X-t‑¶‑m-S‑v h‑n-e ]-d-ª I-£‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v C-t‑¸‑mÄ h‑n-e‑v-¡‑p¶‑n-Ã‑, R‑m³ h‑n-f‑n-t‑¨‑m-f‑m-s‑a-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p ]‑n-c‑n-ª‑p. B I-¨-h-S-¯‑nÂ‑, h‑m-§‑n-b I-£‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑v h-e‑n-b e‑m-`-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. G-X‑m->‑v H-c‑p hÀ-j‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v C-c‑p-h-c‑p‑w H-c‑p-a‑n-¨‑nc‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v D-¸‑, b‑m-{‑X-b‑v-¡‑n-S-b‑n-s‑e I-¨-h-S‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑p ]-d-ª-X‑v. A-_‑q-

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_-¡À-¡ h-Ã‑m-s‑X ]-c‑n-`-h‑w ]-d-ª‑p. A-¶‑v D-¸ ]-d-ª-X‑v: "-\‑o s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑m-W‑v F-s‑â e‑m`-¯‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ h-e‑p-X‑v.' A-_‑q-_¡À-¡ ]‑n-s‑¶ R-§-t‑f‑m-s‑S‑m-s‑¡ A-s‑X-S‑p-¯‑v ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ Z‑p-_‑m-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑mW‑v A-_‑q-_-¡À-¡ a-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. B k-X‑y‑w ]-d-b‑m³ B-c‑p‑w s‑s‑[c‑y-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. F-Ã‑m‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑^‑m¬t‑I‑mÄ Z‑p-_‑m-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h-¶‑p. "-\‑n-§Ä t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p-t‑¶‑m' D-¸ t‑N‑mZ‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e D-¸ I-c-ª-X‑v ]‑n-s‑¶ I->‑n-«‑n-Ã. k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w i-c‑o-c-s‑¯-b‑p‑w h-Ã‑m-s‑X D-e-¨‑n-c‑p¶‑p. D-½‑, A-k‑o-k‑v-¡‑, A-f‑n-b³ k‑n-±‑o-J‑v, A-\‑p-P³ l‑p-s‑s‑k³ l‑m-P‑n C‑u \‑m-e‑p a-c-W-§-f‑p‑w D-¸-s‑b G-s‑d X-fÀ-¯‑n. R‑m-\‑p‑w D-¸-b‑p‑w a‑m-{‑X-a‑p-Å b‑m-{‑X-I-f‑nÂ D-¸ G-s‑d-b‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑p-]-d-ª‑n-c‑p¶-X‑v I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑p-S t‑a‑m-i‑w I‑m-e-h‑p‑w A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-b‑p-s‑S IT‑n-\-a‑m-b {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. "-A-k‑o-k‑m-W‑v k-X‑y-¯‑nÂ

A-X‑v \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n-b-X‑v-' F-¶‑v D-d-¸‑n-¨‑p ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-½-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W‑w R-§Ä¡‑p k‑r-ã‑n-¨ i‑q-\‑y-X D-¸-s‑b h-Ã‑m-s‑X `-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑m-Y-X‑z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. R-§Ä-¡‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v I‑m-e‑w D-½ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸-b‑m-b‑p‑w D-½-b‑m-b‑p‑w D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m>‑v X-s‑¶ D-½-b‑ps‑S a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w D-¸ R-§-s‑f t‑NÀ-¯‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨ B I-c‑p-XÂ H‑mÀ-½-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v a‑m-b‑n-Ã. D-½-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W-Z‑n-h-k‑w‑, a-W‑n-¡‑qÀ a‑m-{‑X‑w a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-Åt‑¸‑mÄ F-s‑¶ t‑NÀ-¯‑p-]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p ]-d-ª‑p D-S-s‑\ \‑m-«‑nÂ A-c‑n h‑n-X-c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ ]-d-b-W‑w‑, A-h-c‑p-s‑S-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-b‑v¡‑v D-¯-c-a‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w F-¶‑v. hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w F-s‑â a-I³ a‑p-l-½-Z‑v H-c‑p kÀ-Ö-d‑n-¡‑p t‑h->‑n _‑m‑w-¥‑qÀ Fortis‑ B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n-b‑nÂ I-g‑nb‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. kÀ-Ö-d‑n-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v F-s‑¶ t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v D-¸ ]-d-ª‑p: "-t‑U‑m-ÎÀ h-t‑¶‑m? kÀ-Ö-d‑n X‑p-S-§‑n-t‑b‑m? H-c‑p

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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\m-«n-se-¯n. D-¸ kp-lv-d-sb hn-fn-¨p tNm-Zn¡pw: "-a-cp-¶p Ip-Sn-t¨m? \o G-Xm-bm-epw Ip-Sn-t¨m, A-h-tâ-Xm-s¡ I-W-¡m. Ip-Sn-¨mÂ A-h\v \-Ã-Xv.' Rm-s\m-gn-¨v aq-¶p t]-cpw a-cp-¶v Ir-Xy-ambn Ip-Sn-¨n-cp¶p. ]n-¶o-Sv ho-«nÂ h-cpt¼mÄ D-¸ kp-lv-d-tbm-Sv ]-d-bpw: "-in-^ F-hn-sS-bm-bmepw A-Xv tX-Sn \-ap-¡v t]m-I-Ww.' -A-Xm-Wv i-cn-.

I‑p-g-¸-h‑p‑w h-c‑n-Ã‑, R‑m³ B-S‑p-IÄ _-e‑n \-e‑vI‑m³ s‑s‑l-Z-c‑m-_‑m-Z‑nÂ _-j‑oÀ k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-s‑\ (F-s‑â A-\‑p-P³ _-j‑o-d‑n-s‑â `‑m-c‑y‑m-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v) GÀ-¸‑m-S‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-h‑n-s‑S H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v k‑m-[‑p¡-f‑p->‑v. A-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-b‑v-¡‑v D-¯-c-a‑p>‑m-I‑p‑w.' F-s‑â B-Z‑y a-IÄ-¡‑v D-½-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑p‑w‑, F-s‑â-b‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y k‑p-l‑v-d-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w t‑]-c‑n-s‑â A-£-c-§-f‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¯‑m-W‑v t‑]-c‑n-«-X‑v, B-k‑yk‑p-l‑m-\. G-I a-I-\‑v D-¸-b‑p-s‑S t‑]-c‑n-«‑p. D-¸b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-h-s‑â-b‑p‑w t‑]-c‑v H-¶‑m-b-X‑n-\‑mÂ I-¯‑p-IÄ a‑m-d‑n-t‑¸‑m-I‑p‑w. c->‑p t‑]À-¡‑p‑w h-c‑p-¶ I-¯‑p-IÄ R‑m³ D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p¡‑p‑w. D-¸ ]-d-b‑p‑w‑, "C-X‑v F-t‑â-X-Ã‑, P‑q-\‑n-b-d‑nt‑â-X‑m-W‑v-'. A-h-s‑â t‑]-c‑n-\‑p t‑i-j‑w {‑_‑m-¡ä‑nÂ P‑q-\‑n-bÀ F-¶‑v t‑NÀ-¡‑m³ ]-d-bWw.' C-X‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑v I‑p-s‑d N‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑]-c‑n-s‑â k‑m-a‑y-‑w s‑I‑m->‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-h³ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S D-ä-k‑p-l‑r-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑â `‑m-c‑y k‑p-l‑v-d-s‑b H-c‑p a-c‑p-a-IÄ F-¶-X‑n-e‑p-]-c‑n-b‑m-W‑v D-¸ k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. {‑]‑n-b-k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-X³ _‑n.-]‑n. D-®‑n-t‑a‑m-b³ k‑ml‑n-_‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑p-Å B-ß-_-Ô‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-I-f‑m-b k‑p-l‑v-d-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨-X‑m-h‑m‑w. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑{‑U-h-d‑p‑w k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-a‑m-b N-{‑µ³ {‑]‑o-U‑n-{‑K‑n-¡‑v F-s‑â k-l-]‑m-T‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. B-Z‑y‑w t‑P‑y-j‑vT³ A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

]‑n-s‑¶ I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w t‑i-j‑w ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑v s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v-k‑n-s‑e-b‑p‑w Ì‑m^‑m-b t‑i-j-a‑m-W‑v D-¸-b‑p-s‑S k‑z-´‑w s‑s‑{‑Uh-d‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v. R-§Ä a-¡Ä-¡‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê-d‑n-b‑m³ H-c‑p a‑o-U‑n-t‑b-ä-d‑m-b‑nhÀ-¯‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y-h‑y-h-k‑m-b-k‑w-c‑w-`-a‑m-b I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n‑, {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-I-f‑ne‑q-s‑S I-S-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b I‑m-e-¯‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ k-a-c-§-f‑p-s‑S t‑h-e‑n-t‑b-ä-§-f‑p->‑m-b-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w A-{‑]‑m-t‑b‑m-K‑n-I-a‑m-b H-¯‑p-X‑oÀ-¸‑p-IÄ¡‑v D-¸ X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑p X-s‑¶ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-h-k‑m-\-\‑n-a‑n-j‑w h-s‑c Ø‑m-]-\‑w \-S-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v R-§Ä-¡‑v \‑nÀ-º-Ô-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑¸‑m-t‑g-¡‑p‑w \-S-¯‑n-¸‑v \-ã‑w I‑p-¯-s‑\ I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p k-X‑y‑w--- . C-¶‑v ^-t‑d‑m-¡‑n-s‑e s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑m-f‑n k-a‑q-l‑w s‑h-¨‑p-\‑o-«‑p-¶ k‑v-t‑\-l‑w D-¸ k-¼‑m-Z‑n-¨‑p-X-¶-X‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v. IÀ-®‑mS-I‑, X-a‑n-g‑v-\‑m-S‑v X‑p-S-§‑n F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w F-Ã‑m k‑w-c‑w-`-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑X‑m-g‑n-e‑p-S-a-- s‑X‑mg‑n-e‑m-f‑n _-Ô-¯‑n-\‑v D-¸-b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b H-c‑p I‑m-g‑v-N-¸‑m-S‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-½‑m-h³ s‑I.-k‑n. A-Ð‑p-d-l‑v-a‑m³ l‑mP‑n k‑u-P-\‑y-a‑m-b‑n \-e‑v-I‑n-b Ø-e-¯‑v D-½b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k-t‑l‑m-Z-c³ A-k‑o-k‑v-¡-b‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w k‑v-a‑m-c-I-a‑m-b‑n ]-W‑n-X- Comtrust Eye

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Vision D-¸-b‑p-s‑S H-c‑p k‑z-]‑v-\-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ-¡‑v D-]-I‑m-cs‑¸-S-W‑w‑, A-X‑p a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-s‑\-b‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-s‑¯-b‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w D-¸b‑v-¡‑v k‑v-t‑\-l‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-X‑n X‑oÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-äÂ k-µÀ-i-\-h‑p‑w I-e‑y‑m-W-¯‑n\‑v t‑]‑m-I-e‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ F-§-s‑\ \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v R-§Ä-¡‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p-a-d‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-Ã‑m hÀ-j-h‑p‑w s‑N-t‑¿-> Whole body Check up F-t‑â-X‑v ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \-S-¡‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-h‑p‑w. ]-t‑£‑, I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b s‑U-b‑v-ä‑p-a‑mb‑n B-_‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-s‑¯-¯‑n ]-d-b‑p‑w: "-R‑m³ t‑U‑m. l‑w-k-s‑b G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. \‑m-s‑f \‑m-k-d‑ns‑\-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n a‑n‑w-k‑n-s‑e-¯-W‑w.' H-c‑p h‑n-[‑w s‑N-¡-¸‑v I-g‑n-ª‑v t‑U‑m. l‑w-k-b‑p-s‑S t‑S-_‑v-f‑n-s‑e¯‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p s‑X‑m-«‑p a‑p-¼‑v D-¸ A-h‑n-s‑S l‑m-P-d‑m-I‑p‑w. "-{‑]-t‑X‑yI‑n-s‑¨‑m-c‑p I‑p-g-¸-h‑p-a‑n-Ã F‑w.-F.' F-¶‑v t‑U‑m-ÎÀ ]-d-b‑p‑w. "-F-s‑´¦‑n-e‑p-a‑p-s‑>-¦‑nÂ A-h-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-W‑w‑, {‑i-²-b‑nÃ‑m-¯ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v.' A-h‑n-s‑S D-¸b‑p-s‑S {‑]-i‑v-\‑w X‑oÀ-¶‑p. H-c‑n-¡-s‑e-\‑n-¡‑v ]-Ã‑p-t‑h-Z-\ h-¶‑p. c->‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w D-¸ h‑n-f‑n¨-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑]‑m-I‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-Ã. G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w pain killer -I-g‑n¨‑mÂ X‑o-c‑p-¶ {‑]-i‑v-\‑w. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e j‑u-_‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n D-¸ h‑o-«‑ns‑e-¯‑n. c->‑p ]-Ã‑v ]‑qÀ-®-a‑mb‑p‑w t‑]‑m-b‑n gap D->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-S-s‑\ t‑]‑m-b‑n c>p ]-Ã‑v C‑w¹‑mâ‑v s‑N-¿-W‑w. s‑s‑l-Z-c‑m-_‑mZ‑nÂ t‑U‑m-Î-s‑d h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p F-Ã‑m‑w GÀ-¸‑m-S‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-¸‑o-e‑nÃ‑m-¯ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-a‑m-b-X‑p s‑I‑m>‑v c->‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v s‑s‑l-Zc‑m-_‑m-Z‑n-s‑e-¯‑n‑, ]-W‑n X‑oÀ-¯‑p.

C-¶‑p‑w B ]-Ã‑p-IÄ \-¶‑m-b‑n \‑n-e-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. R‑m-\‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y-b‑p‑w a-S-§‑m-\‑p-Å N‑n-´-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-t‑¼ D-¸-b‑p‑w F-t‑f-a-b‑p‑w s‑s‑lZ-c‑m-_‑m-Z‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ ]-d-ª‑p‑, t‑]‑m-h‑m-d‑m-b‑n-«‑n-Ã. \‑n-s‑¶ C-h‑n-s‑S H-c‑m-s‑f I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-\‑p->v. A-k‑p-J-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ F-s‑¶ B-s‑c I‑m-W‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-W‑v! H-c‑p B-b‑pÀt‑Æ-Z H-ä-a‑q-e‑n N‑n-I‑n-Õ-I-s‑â A-S‑p-t‑¯-¡‑v D-¸-b‑p‑w F-t‑f-a-b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w `‑m-c‑y-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n t‑]‑m-b‑n. \‑m-U‑n ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v A-k‑p-J‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶ t‑U‑m-Î-d‑m-W‑v. F-s‑â s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v l‑r-Z-b-h‑mÄ-h‑n-\‑v t‑»‑m-¡‑p-s‑>-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. I‑p-s‑d I-j‑m-b‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. a-ä‑p- a‑q-¶‑p-t‑]À-¡‑p‑w A-X‑n-t‑\-¡‑mt‑f-s‑d a-c‑p-¶‑p-I-f‑p‑w. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e-¯‑n. D-¸ k‑p-l‑v-d-s‑b h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w: "-a-c‑p-¶‑p I‑p-S‑nt‑¨‑m? \‑o G-X‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w I‑p-S‑n-t‑¨‑m‑, A-h-t‑â-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ I-W-¡‑m. I‑p-S‑n¨‑mÂ A-h-\‑v \-Ã-X‑v.' R‑m-s‑\‑m-g‑n-¨‑v a‑q-¶‑p t‑]-c‑p‑w a-c‑p-¶‑v I‑r-X‑y-a‑m-b‑n I‑p-S‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑v h‑o-«‑nÂ h-c‑pt‑¼‑mÄ D-¸ k‑p-l‑v-d-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p‑w: "-i‑n-^ F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w A-X‑v t‑X-S‑n \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I-W‑w.' -A-X‑mW‑v i-c‑n-. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S a-c-W‑w s‑]-s‑«-s‑¶‑m¶‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ I‑n-S-¶‑v, A-h-k‑m-\‑w s‑hâ‑n-t‑e-ä-À k-l‑m-b-t‑¯‑m-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-¨‑p. a-c-W‑w A-X‑y‑m-k-¶-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v t‑U‑m-ÎÀ l‑w-k-b‑p‑w t‑U‑m. kÂ-a‑m\‑p‑w C-S-b‑v-¡‑n-s‑S F-s‑¶ H‑mÀ-½-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B I‑m-c‑y‑w F-t‑f-a-t‑b‑m-t‑S‑m‑, k-t‑l‑m-Z-c-§-t‑f‑mt‑S‑m ]-d-b‑m-\‑p‑w G-s‑d ]-W‑n-s‑¸-«‑p. a-W‑n-¡‑q-d‑p-IÄ I-g‑n-ª‑v a-c-W‑w Ø‑n-c‑o-I-c‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ F-t‑f-a P-a‑o-eX‑m-¯-b‑v-¡‑v A-X‑pÄ-s‑¡‑m-Å‑m-h‑p¶-X‑n-e‑p-a-¸‑p-d-¯‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑hâ‑nt‑e-ä-d‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-s‑a-¶‑v Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Jm-Zn-bm-\nÂ J-_-d-S-¡-W-sa¶Xv D-¸-bp-sS H-ky-¯mbn-cp-¶p. sIm-Sn-b-¯q-cnepw tN-hm-bqÀ ho-«n-epw ZÀ-i\-¯n-\p sh-¨ ti-jw a-¿n-¯pam-bn R-§Ä Jm-Zn-bm-\n-te¡p ]p-d-s¸-«p. B J-_-dn-S¯nÂ aq-¶p-]n-Sn a-®n«v a-S-§p-t¼mÄ F-Ãm-h-cpw £oWn¨n-cp-¶p.

K‑m-V-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨ A-h-c‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-¯‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑m³ s‑s‑[-c‑y-s‑¸-«‑n-Ã. D-¸-s‑b N‑n-I‑nÕ‑n-¨ t‑U‑m-ÎÀ-a‑mÀ‑, B-i‑p-]-{‑X‑n P‑o-h-\-¡‑mÀ F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w C-h‑n-s‑S \-µ‑n t‑c-J-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-s‑«. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S H-k‑y-¯‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p‑, J‑m-Z‑nb‑m-\‑n-s‑e a-J‑v-_-d-b‑nÂ J-_-d-S-¡-W-s‑a¶‑v. s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑n-e‑p‑w t‑N-h‑m-b‑qÀ h‑o-«‑n-e‑p‑w ZÀ-i-\-¯‑n-\‑p s‑h-¨ t‑i-j‑w a-¿‑n-¯‑p-a‑m-b‑n R-§Ä J‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑n-t‑e-¡‑p ]‑p-d-s‑¸-«‑p. B J-_-d‑n-S-¯‑nÂ a‑q-¶‑p-]‑n-S‑n a-®‑n-«‑v a-S-§‑pt‑¼‑mÄ F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w £‑o-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-¸ B-{‑K-l‑n-¨ a-®‑nÂ J-_-d-S-¡‑n X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p h-c‑p-¶-X‑p-h-s‑c s‑s‑[-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n F-Ã‑m‑w k-l‑n-¨‑v, F-Ã‑m-ä‑n-\‑p‑w F-t‑f-a R-§Ä-¡‑p t‑\-X‑r-X‑z‑w \-e‑v-I‑n. C-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w I‑m-W‑m³ F-s‑â D-½ P‑o-h‑n¨‑n-c‑n-¸‑n-Ã‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-t‑£‑, R-§Ä F-S‑p¡‑p-¶ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡-b‑p‑w i-c‑n-b‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v D-½-¡-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. D-½ R-§-f‑p-s‑S F-Ã‑m-s‑a-Ã‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-c-W-¯‑n-\‑v G-X‑m-\‑p‑w Z‑n-h-k-§Ä a‑p-¼‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑m‑w D-½ F-s‑â h‑o-«‑nÂ h-¶‑v c‑m-{‑X‑n X‑m-a-k‑n-¨‑p. c‑m-h‑n-s‑e F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-ª‑p: "-F-\‑n-s‑¡‑m-c‑p]‑m-S‑m-f‑p-I-s‑f I‑m-W‑m-\‑p->‑v, \‑o F-s‑¶ B h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m-s‑¡ F-¯‑n-¡W‑w-'

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

F-\‑n-¡‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑n R‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n I‑mW‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w D-½ ]-d-ª-s‑X-¶‑v. R‑m-s‑\-s‑â I‑m-d‑nÂ D-½-s‑b-b‑p‑w I‑q-«‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n. D-½-b‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑p->m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ ]-W‑w X‑oÀ-¶t‑¸‑mÄ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. F-\‑n-¡‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑X‑m-¶‑p-¶‑p A-s‑X‑m-c‑p k-t‑µ-i-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v. `-£-W-h‑p‑w ]-W-h‑p-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w _‑m-¡‑n s‑h-¡‑m-s‑X s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ D-½-b‑v-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-t‑a I-g‑n-b‑q. D-¸-b‑p‑w R‑m-\‑p‑w a-\-Ê‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v H-c‑p]‑m-S‑v A-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v R‑m³ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ {‑K‑m-a-]-©‑m-b-¯‑v {‑]-k‑nUâ‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v. D-¸ A-X‑v B-{‑K-l‑n-¨-X‑ms‑W-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R‑m³ s‑X-ä‑n-²-c‑n-¨-X‑v. ]-t‑£‑, F-\‑n-¡‑p s‑X-ä‑n. A-¶‑p s‑X‑m-«‑v D-¸ D-½-t‑b‑m-S‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p: "-F-¶‑m-W‑v A-h-s‑â {‑]-k‑n-U->‑v I‑me‑m-h-[‑n A-h-k‑m-\‑n--¡‑p-¶-X‑v?'-{‑]‑m-b‑w X-fÀ-¯‑n-¯‑q-S-§‑n-b D-¸ F-s‑â k‑m-¶‑n²‑y‑w B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v B t‑N‑m-Z‑y¯‑n-e‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p-Å I‑m-e-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ H-c‑p \‑n-gÂ-t‑]‑m-s‑e D-¸-b‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S-b‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑m-W‑v F-s‑â h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w.

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My Uppa

am proud of my Uppa who was my inspiration and role model who always supported me in my life and small businesses I am associated with. He used to come to Dubai often, but later less often. But when there’s any event happening here in my business, he was the most excited and used come to Dubai to bless us! He was very proud to see me receiving the prestigious Shihab Thangal award for women entrepreneurs. Memories of traveling with him is still vivid in my mindBangalore, Mysore, Ooty etc. Recently we had visited Malaysia- he really enjoyed the beautiful days there. He wanted to visit a tile factory there.In Singapore cable car he kept on talking about the trees seen below.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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Shameena Saleem Daughter. MD, Gotalk, Dubai

Where ever we go he makes it a point to visit the local Ahmediyya mosques and people. I was fascinated by the brotherly affection between him and those people. Though he is a big personality, he becomes one of us during picnics. Once he sat with us on the floor near the car to have food in Ummulquain waterpark. He had joined us in Alain hili funcity entertainments long ago. He always do financial sacrifices to avoid quarrels and to keep relationships continue.

I would like to add some more memmories of my dear uppa, uppas generosity and helping attitude. A lady came to us, after his passing, said she was been supported by him till her marriage. We never

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knew whom he helps he doesn’t want any body to know about it. That is what separates him from others. Saleemka used to say, when he goes to Kodiyathur town people used to come to him and say ikkakka used to give something. He always do financial sacrifices to avoid quarrels and to keep relationships continue. In business he used to value and respect his employees and give freedom to them. He is loved by all friends and foes. I never heard anybody saying ill about him. That is my dear uppa. He will always be with guiding us.

During Ramadan, every day was like a feast, when my mom cooked so much food that we could distribute it around the neighbourhood every day. My siblings and I would serve as carriers to take food to these houses after Iftar, and once we did that we’d all walk to the neighbouring mosque to pray.

My Dad

y dad is truly one of a kind, that in all my years of travel and work, I haven’t met anyone else like him. His patience and sense of understanding knows no bounds; he was loving, caring and always calm; in fact, I don’t remember ever seeing him get angry, or ever raise his voice against someone else. He was the light of our home. Not only was he calm and understanding with us, but he reflected that attitude with his guests as well, of which he had many. Our home constantly saw people going in and out because he invited people into his home, he loved feeding

people and distributing food to those who needed it. During Ramadan, every day was like a feast, when my mom cooked so much food that we could distribute it around the neighbourhood every day. My siblings and I would serve as carriers to take food to these houses after Iftar, and once we did that we’d all walk to the neighbouring mosque to pray. My dad was a very religious person, but open-minded and accepting. It meant that he never forced his perspective on others, but let others follow the paths that they’ve chosen. He used to travel often for business, and I loved travelling with him, even when I was a

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Rahana Nazeem Daughter

young girl. I’ve accompanied him many times on his trips to Mercara, Bengaluru, or Kadoor – I used to have a great time on these journeys, and I still remember them fondly. I remember my dad being a very hard worker, and an ingenious businessman. He enjoyed taking risks and responsibilities at work, up to the last moment. Despite all of the time he spent working to support us, he was extremely considerate, and took care of everything we needed while still giving us enough freedom and responsibility to grow up into confident adults. Even when we were young, he provided us with a strong base to support us, but still gave us complete freedom to complete our work, making us confident in the decisions that we made. He never said ‘No’, instead something he is not happy with, he just said “athu namukku venda mole”. I remember him being a selfless man – I never saw him buying anything for himself, but his generosity was overflowing. He loved buying things for others, and giving things to other people. The first time I earned money in

my life was when I won a cash award, which was given to me by the mosque, for being the topper in SAC Examination. My dad went to collect the money on my behalf, and I eagerly awaited my prize at home. When he came home empty handed, found out that he had contributed the money to a boy who needed the money for his further education. That was his thinking. I felt so proud of him. This was an eye opener He made me realize my privilege and my blessings, which I was lucky enough to have a father who could provide for me. His style of thinking is geared towards thinking about others, and keeping others in mind at all times. I am so proud of that sentiment, and it’s one I try to encourage in myself and in my family. His view of mankind was a selfless one. My dad was great with children, espe-

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apÉnbmcI¯v IpSpw_ kwKa¯nÂ apJy {]`mjWw \nÀÆln¡p¶p. thZnbnÂ IpSpw_ kplr¯pw ap³ a{´nbpambncp¶ kndnbIv tPm¬, _Ôp¡fmb Fw.kn. apl½Zv, a½Zv apÉnbmÀ F¶nhÀ.

cially with his grandchildren. My children, and my nieces and nephews, loved spending time with him every summer. He used to take them around wherever he went, and every Friday he would take his grandsons to the mosque for prayer, and then treat them to ice-cream afterwards. He was generous with his money, with sweets, and with toys for the children. Another good habit that I admired in my father is his punctuality– whenever required, not only was he on time, but he was early. He didn’t like making others wait for him, and this was reflected in the way he worked. My dad was a very healthy man, to the end. He would take a walk every morning, and never stopped until the

very last moment. His morning walks were a great way to spend time with him, and I enjoyed going for these walks early in the morning. During this time, he’d talk to us about his younger days, his friends and business partners, and how he started his career. I’ll never forget the shine in his eyes, or the smile on his lips. Thinking about that now still brings a tear to my eye, and I’ll never stop missing him. In our family, we’ve tried to inculcate his habits, his style of thinking, and follow his example, to try and lead half the excellent life that he led. I miss my dear father every day, and there are times when I still wish that we could talk, but I know that he’s found his peace. May his soul continue to rest in peace. Ameen. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Even when we were young, he provided us with a strong base to support us, but still gave us complete freedom to complete our work, making us confident in the decisions that we made. He never said ‘No’, instead something he is not happy with, he just said “athu namukku venda mole”.

HmÀ-½-I-fn-eq-sS H-cp-bm-{X

_‑m‑w Fw.-F. A-jv-d-^vaI³. _n-kn\kv.

-¥‑q-c‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Åb‑m-{‑X‑m-h-g‑n-I-f‑ns‑e‑m-s‑¡ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w D-¸ I‑q-s‑Sb‑p->‑v- A-j‑v-d-^‑n-\‑v. I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ- X‑p-S-§‑n- I‑m-e-§Ä-s‑¡‑m¸‑w F-{‑X X-h-W C‑u h-g‑n-I-f‑n-e‑qs‑S D-¸-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w k-©-c‑n-s‑¨-¶‑v F-®‑n- H-X‑p-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑p-¶‑n-Ã. \-Ã t‑l‑m-«-e‑p-I-f‑nÂ -X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-I‑, \-Ã `-£-W‑w- I-g‑n-¡‑p-I‑, `-£-W -k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v- h‑n-«‑p-X-c‑p-I‑, H-t‑c‑m-Ø-e-h‑p‑w- h‑n-t‑i-j-§-f‑p‑w -h‑ni-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-X-c‑p-I C-§-s‑\ b‑m-{‑X H-c-\‑p-`-h-a‑m-¡‑n-a‑m-ä‑n-¯-c‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p D-¸. D-¸-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸-a‑p-Å‑, P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑ns‑e‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w a-d-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯‑, H-c‑p-b‑m-{‑X DÄ-¡‑n-S‑n-e-t‑¯‑m-s‑S a‑m-{‑X-t‑a -A-j‑v-d-^‑n-\‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑m-\‑mh‑p-¶‑p-Å‑p. G-g‑m‑w I-S-e‑n-\-¡-s‑c A-t‑ac‑n-¡-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v- b‑m-{‑X-t‑]‑m-b-X‑v- a‑pJ‑m-a‑p-J‑w h-¶ a-l‑m-t‑c‑m-K-s‑¯ t‑X‑m-e‑v-]‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. l‑r-Z-b-ik‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b t‑\-c-s‑¯-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p->‑v D-¸-b‑v-¡‑v. h‑o->‑p‑w- l‑r-Z-b‑w -{‑I-a‑w-s‑X-ä‑n- a‑n-S‑n¡‑m³ X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v A-]‑m-b- k‑qN-\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-\‑n C-h‑n-s‑S ]-ä‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑v- N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑n-¨ t‑U‑m-ÎÀa‑mÀ -s‑s‑I-H-g‑n-ª-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v A-t‑ac‑n-¡-b‑n-e‑p-Å- t‑U‑m-ÎÀ A-^‑v-X‑m_‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-«‑v A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ b‑m-{‑X-b‑p->‑m-b-X‑v. A-j‑v-d-^‑p‑w D-½-b‑p‑w k-l-b‑m-{‑X‑nI-c‑m-b‑n. A-]-c‑n-N‑n-X-a‑m-b \‑m-«‑nÂ‑, P‑o-h-·c-W-t‑]‑m-c‑m-«‑w t‑]‑m-s‑eb‑p-Å -N‑n-I‑n-Õ. \‑n-Ý-b‑n-¨-X‑ne‑p‑w A-[‑n-I- Z‑n-h-k‑w- N‑n-I‑n-Õ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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\‑o->-t‑¸‑mÄ- t‑h-h-e‑m-X‑n-b‑p‑w- I‑q-S‑n. k-a‑m-i‑z-k‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ {‑]‑n-b-s‑¸-«hÀ- A-S‑p-¯‑n-Ã‑m-¯-X‑n-s‑â -h‑n-ja‑w- A-d‑n-ª-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨ Z‑n-\-§Ä. {‑]‑mÀ-°-\-t‑b‑m-s‑S- I-g‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-«‑n-b Z‑n-\-c‑m-{‑X-§Ä. A-h-k‑m-\‑w A-X‑nP‑o-h‑n-¨‑v- a-S-¡-b‑m-{‑X. D-¸-b‑p-s‑S -B-ß-s‑s‑[-c‑y-h‑p‑w -t‑U‑m-ÎÀ- A-^‑vX‑m-_‑v- k‑m-l‑n-_‑n-e‑p-Å- h‑n-i‑z‑mk-h‑p‑w t‑]‑m-c‑m-« h‑n-P-b-¯‑n-s‑â -a‑p-J‑y-L-S-I‑w. -b‑p.-s‑I.-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑p-Å -F-s‑âh‑n-Z‑y‑m-`‑y‑m-k-b‑m-{‑X-b‑p‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S B-{‑K-l-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p->‑m-b-X‑m-W‑v. k‑m-¼-¯‑n-I-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w- I-c‑p-X‑n-s‑h¨-Ã‑, A-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ A-¸-t‑¸‑mÄD->‑m-b‑n-s‑¡‑m-Å‑p‑w F-¶ h‑n-i‑z‑mk-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- s‑N-e-t‑h-s‑d-b‑p-Å -F-s‑â ]T-\-¯‑n-\-b-¡‑m³ D-¸ I‑m-W‑n-¨ s‑s‑[-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑m-[‑m-c‑w. ] T-\‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v- b‑p.-s‑I.-b‑nÂ -t‑hW-s‑a-¦‑nÂ -X‑p-S-c‑m‑w F-¶ k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y‑w X-c‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑p‑w {‑]-`‑m-X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-t‑Z‑m-j-¯‑n-e‑p‑w \‑o->‑p-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ t‑^‑m¬-t‑I‑m-f‑p-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S D-¸ H-¸a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v A-\‑p-`-hs‑¸-«-X‑v. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑nÂ- F-Ã‑m ]-c‑o-£W-§Ä-¡‑p‑w D-¸ X-¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a-¡-s‑f _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v- G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑ps‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑m³ A-h-c‑p-s‑S {‑]‑m-b‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w- D-¸-s‑b- h‑y‑m-I‑p-e-s‑¸-S‑p¯‑n-b‑n-Ã. s‑N-d‑n-b {‑]‑m-b-¯‑nÂ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v- G-e‑v-]‑n-¨‑v \‑n-b-{‑´-Wa‑n-Ã‑m-s‑X -h‑n-«‑p-X-c‑p-¶-t‑X‑m-S‑p-I‑q-S‑na-¡Ä-s‑¡‑m-c‑m-ß-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w B c‑w-K-¯‑v \-e‑v-I‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p D-¸. A-d‑n-b‑m-s‑X ]-ä‑n-t‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶ s‑Xä‑p-IÄ-¡‑v- I‑p-ä-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m-s‑X- k‑m´‑z-\-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-X‑n-c‑p-¯‑n-¯-c‑p‑w.

D-¸-s‑b-t‑¸‑m-s‑e -a-¡-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ _‑n-k‑n-\Ê‑v- t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v- h-f-c-W-s‑a-¶ B-{‑K-l-a‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p- C-X‑n-s‑â ]‑n-¶‑nÂ. I‑p-c‑p-¯-t‑¡-S‑v- I‑m-W‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑p-«‑n¡‑m-e-¯‑p‑w- k‑v-t‑\-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S {‑]-X‑nI-c‑n-¨ D-¸ h-e‑n-b _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-S-¶-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w- R‑m-s‑\-¶ C‑u-t‑K‑m -H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w -I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. F-Ã‑m‑w- X-s‑â \‑n-b-{‑´-W-§-f‑p-s‑S- N‑n-d-I‑n-s‑e‑m-X‑p-¡‑ms‑X-a-¡-s‑f- k‑z-X-{‑´-a‑m-b‑n ]-d-¡‑m³ h‑n-«‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. \-½‑p-s‑S s‑X-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S D-¯c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯‑w-I‑q-S‑n- G-s‑ä-S‑p-¯‑v- X‑n-c‑p-¯‑m³ I‑q-s‑S \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p‑w. A-h-k-c-§Ä G-s‑d -D->‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w- H-c‑p-I‑p-ä-s‑¸-S‑p-¯Â t‑]‑me‑p‑w D-¸-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v- t‑IÄ-t‑¡->‑n-h-¶‑n«‑n-Ã. h-c‑n-I-f-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ H‑mÀ¯‑p-t‑]‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v A-h-k‑m-\-I‑m-e¯‑v- k‑z-´‑w t‑]-c‑nÂ-H-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶ D-¸-s‑b- B-W‑v. X-\‑n-¡‑v- t‑i-j-a‑p-ÅhÀ-¡‑m-b‑n- F-Ã‑m‑w F-t‑¶ a‑m-ä‑n-s‑h-¨‑p. R-§Ä F-Ã‑m a-¡-f‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å -h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑w D-¸ R-§-s‑f ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p‑, P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S. D-¸ H-c‑p ]‑mT-]‑p-k‑v-X-I-a‑m-W‑v. R-§Ä-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, \‑m-S‑n-\‑p‑w A-§s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v a-c-W-t‑i-j‑w ]-e-c‑p‑w ]-d-ª-d‑n-b‑p-¶‑p. ]-©‑m-_‑n-s‑eJ‑m-Z‑n-b‑m-\‑nÂ -B-d-S‑n-a-®‑nÂ D-¸-b‑p-s‑S `‑u-X‑n-I- i-c‑o-c‑w- a-d-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mg‑p‑w A-f-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ D-b-c-§-f‑nÂ D-¸ R-§-f‑p-s‑S a-\-Ê‑nÂ -P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. -bp.-F.-C.bn-se ^p-ssP-d-¡-Sp-¯ ^-¯m-lv F-¶ Ø-e-¯v ^-tdm-¡nse A-Ðp-d-lv-am³ km-ln-_n-s\m-¸w ^-¯m-lv an-\-dÂ-hm-«À I-¼-\n Xp-S§p-t¼mÄ B bm-{X-bn-epw -Iq-sS-Iq-«n. sh-Åw- Ip-¸n-bn-em-¡n-hn-e-bv-¡v- hn-ev¡p-¶ Im-cyw- F-s¶ A-Zv-`p-X-s¸-Sp¯n. tI-c-f-¯n-e-¶v k-¦-ev-]n-¡m³ t]m-ep-am-hm-¯ Im-cyw. C-¶v- tI-cf-¯n-se- G-Xv- Ip-{Km-a-¯n-epw, \-Zn¡-c-bn-e-S-¡w, sh-Åw-Ip-¸n-bn-em¡n- hn-ev-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xv A-¶-s¯ A-Zv-`p-X-¯n-sâ C-¶-s¯ D-¯-cw.

Fw.F.ap-l-½-Zv km-ln-_v bp-F-C-bn-se ^p-ssP-dbnÂ 1980þÂ B-cw-`n-¨ ^-¯m-lv an-\-dÂ hm-«À I-¼-\n-bp-sS D-Zv-Lm-S-\ N-S-§nÂ-\n-¶pw...

(X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v: \‑m-kÀ -s‑I‑m-f‑m-b‑n‑).

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My Uppa

H Basheer MA

Son.

e was a real role model for me in all the aspects of life whether religion, business family , society and the peoples life he touched.

He was a classic example to teach us the development of society by creating jobs and nurturing the family by giving immense

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love and support. He for the sake of humanity and uplifment of people promoted education growth of family members and supported every business thinking it will be a better place for society . This is just an outline I’ve learned of respecting humanity around and giving back good to society , I’ve never

seen him having competition or jealousy with anyone growth. He prayed and wished on every human beings well being I will miss him in every walk of life but his shadow is on my shoulders always and I wish to continue his steps for the society and mankind in all possible ways, his dedication for the religion and honesty towards it was immense. Hopefully I could be following the same footsteps.According to uppas friends his behaviour was similar to prophet Muhammed (sa) due to his behaviour of being so selfless and pure.

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My Beloved Father in Law

ew words for our youngsters to know the values and qualities of MA Sahib and benefit from them.

Dr. Saleem K.T. Son in Law.

He stood out amongst business leaders because he successfully balanced religious obligations and material life. For a big aircraft to land, it needs a wide long runway. If not, the landing will fail and the plane will land in other nearby runways. Then, for the high blessings of God almighty to land on us, we should have our own big runways! How did MA sahib develop his runway? We have collated what respected contemporaries, relatives, partners, friends and subordinates have said about him after his passing. He was hard working and daring. In his young age, he used to swim across flooded rivers to fetch floating woods and logs for sale. Later in life, when his timber business was at crossroads, he cleverly switched to a Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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tile factory business. He was so bold that when he committed to take over the Calicut Tile Company, his available fund was mainly just prayers. Then, when he sensed tile business limitations, he diversified to plywoods. He carried this courageous drive and work ethic with him throughout his life. Through business, his life has been rich in experience. He has travelled widely in the world. Along with a timber business, he proved his acumen in agriculture - tea, coffee, cardamom estates. He even owned seven elephants to help him with his timber endeavors. Despite thriving in his work, his busy schedule didn’t interfere with his religious practice. KC Moideen Koya Haji expressed his surprise of seeing him in ‘Thahajjud’ prayer in his estate. (This means that he got up

between sleep well before usual dawn prayer when the rest of the world is sleeping). He was lucky to be able to pray 5 times till his last few days and completed payments of more than what was due from him through the internationally well-organized Jamat (more than 10% of his properties and incomes were donated through Jamat), as well as making his own personal donations to the immediate public and organizations with causes such as alleviating pain and palliative care. He used to joke that it’s easier to do few more ‘rakats’ (prayers) than

give away hard earned money. But he was focused and dedicated to what he deemed important and spent accordingly. Not only was he diligent in fulfilling his religious duties, but he cared deeply for other people. Until his last days, his memory was wonderful; he recognized people and remembered their names. His kindness to others has been noticed by so many who have encountered him, in business and in family life. ‘How you say things is more important than what you say’ is a very good lesson in life. MA sahib had his own way

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of expressing displeasure with humour instead of anger, rudeness or impatience. Once in Dubai his sleep was disturbed by AC, but he didn’t try to wake anybody up to reduce it. Instead, the next morning, he said, “Since I was coming to Dubai, I didn’t take a sweater!” His dedication to peace in relationships is not new. K.C. Koyamu Haji testifies that he was very good in dealing and behaving with people right from his early years. His younger brother M.A. Abdussalam Haji, Qazi of the over half a thousand years old Kodiyathur Juma Masjid, is impressed by his relation-

ship with him. Despite having opposing religious ideas, MA Sahib never showed any signs of displeasure towards him. In fact, he held deep respect for everyone he came across. He called his workers by name and talked to them without hurrying. I remember, once a subordinate of his came home to report an accidental burning of one of his lorries. I was surprised to see him calmly asking about the driver rather than the losses! MA Sahib valued friendship more than money and often overlooked petty expenses of associates. He even used to concede to unexpected demands just for relationship’s sake. With his dedication to harmony, he got along very well with high business mandates of different cultures and religions. His long term partners fully accepted his leadership and fully trusted him, too. Such an achievement is very rare, says engineer Kareemka. Mukkannan Abubakerka and Neelikandi Kunhahmed

Haji proudly kept their partnership with him until their demise, achieving over sixty years of close relationship. Ali Kuttyka, father in law of Padmasree Dr. Azad Moopen is one of his prominent partners. Dr. Hamza, his personal doctor and a partner in Meppady Estate, says it’s a pleasure to travel with MA and he found that time flew when he was with him. He was loved sincerely by his workers; a non-Muslim worker was seen coming to his dead body every few minutes and showing his own gestures of prayer! He was very keen to visit all of his relatives and sick friends frequently. He used to attend all the marriages he was invited to. One month before his demise, he attended DFO Shankaran Nair’s grandson’s marriage, even though it was difficult for him to walk without help. His countrymen say that almost all of his villagers have been fed by him at least once. The two letters ‘MA’ are synonymous with noble quality for them! I have not seen him watching movies: otherFw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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His countrymen say that almost all of his villagers have been fed by him at least once. The two letters ‘MA’ are synonymous with noble quality for them! wise, I would have used the movie phrase “He was a Puli”! Aysha Saleem representing his grandchildren writes: he had the brightest smile, and joy that was contagious. His endurance and will power was inspiring. His wisdom and actions providing us guidance through precedence, showing us that it is possible to balance love, work and religion in order to live the best and most benevolent life, touching the hearts of those near and far. We will all miss him dearly. He tried his best to fulfil his obligations to God and to his fellow beings, which is the purpose of life, the extreme triumph. May almighty Allah accept it and bless him with the extreme triumph!

A-\p-`-h -Kp-cp-\m-Y³

"-\‑n

-§-f‑n-s‑e-{‑X t‑]À B-\s‑b I>‑n-«‑p->‑v ?' t‑h-e‑m-b‑p-[³ a‑m-j‑n-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y¯‑n-\‑p-¯-c-a‑m-b‑n c>‑m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑ns‑e ]-e-c‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w s‑s‑I-IÄ D-bÀ¶‑p. "\‑n-§-f‑n-s‑e-{‑X t‑]-c‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ B-\-b‑p->‑v?' c->‑m‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v c>m‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ F-s‑â s‑s‑I a‑m-{‑X‑w ]‑m-X‑n D-bÀ-¶‑p. ]‑m-X‑n D-bÀ-¯‑n-b-s‑X-t‑´ F-¶ t‑N‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-\‑v F-s‑â D-¯c‑w‑, "-F-s‑â A-½‑mh-\‑m-W‑v B-\b‑p-Å-X‑v-' F-¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-½‑m-h³ B-s‑c-¶‑v X‑n-c-¡‑n-b s‑h-Ì‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑qÀ FÂ.]‑n. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e A-[‑y‑m-]-I-t‑\‑m-S‑v R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p‑, "-F‑w.F.I‑m-c³.' "-H‑m‑, R‑m³ t‑I-«‑n-«‑p->‑v A-t‑±l-s‑¯‑, H-c‑p a‑n-I-¨ X-S‑n-h‑y-h-k‑mb‑n-b‑p‑w k‑m-a‑ql‑y-t‑k-h-I-\‑p-a‑m-W‑v.' a‑m-j‑v I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¯‑p. A-t‑¸‑mÄ a-ä‑p I‑p-«‑n-IÄ _-l‑p-a‑m-\t‑¯‑m-S‑p‑w N‑n-eÀ A-e‑v-]‑w A-k‑q-b-t‑b‑m-S‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n F-s‑¶ t‑\‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p.

¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ H-c‑p "-t‑I-a-\‑m's‑W-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑n-b \‑n-a‑n-j‑w. B-\-b‑v-¡‑v A-¡‑m-e-¯‑v s‑X‑m-g‑nÂ‑, h‑m-W‑n-P‑y-c‑w-K-§-f‑nÂ h-e‑n-b {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ (I‑q-¸‑v) \‑n-¶‑v h-e‑n-b a-c-¯-S‑n-IÄ I‑n-t‑e‑m-a‑o-ä-d‑p-I-t‑f‑mf‑w h-e‑n-¨‑v e-£‑y-Ø‑m-\-s‑¯-¯‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v h-e‑n-b k-l‑m-b-I-ca‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p B-\-IÄ. s‑{‑I-b‑n³‑, s‑P.k‑n._‑n. t‑]‑ms‑e-b‑p-Å Heavy equipment vehicles kÀ-Æ-k‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑mbt‑X‑m-s‑S B-\-b‑p-s‑S ]-g-b-I‑m-et‑k-h-\-s‑¯-¸-ä‑n ]‑p-X‑n-b X-e-a‑p-db‑v-¡‑v h-e‑n-b ]-c‑n-Nb-a‑p->‑m-h‑n-Ã. k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑e k‑w-`-h‑w s‑s‑hI‑p-t‑¶-c‑w R‑m³ h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n D-½-t‑b‑m-S‑v ]-dª‑p. A-X‑v t‑I-«‑v D-½-b‑v-¡‑p‑w h-f-s‑c k-t‑´‑m-ja‑m-b‑n. a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã‑, C-¡‑m-¡-b‑v-¡‑v H-¶-Ã a‑q-¶‑v B-\-I-f‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y‑w F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p. C-¡‑m-c‑y‑w ¢‑m-Ê‑nÂ A-d‑nb‑n-¡‑m³ ]-ä‑m-¯-X‑nÂ D-½-b‑v-¡‑v A-e‑v-]‑w h‑n-j-a-h‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. c>-‑p-a‑q-¶‑m-g‑v-N I-g‑n-ª‑v H-c‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w s‑s‑h-I‑p-t‑¶-c‑w k‑v-¡‑qÄ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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tUm. A-ÐpÂa-Po-Zv, am-fn-tb-¡Â aIfp-sS `À-¯mhv Atkm-kn-tb-äv s{]m-^. sh-bnÂ tImÀ-WÂ saUn. tIm-tfPv, J¯À

h‑n-«‑v h‑o-«‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ aT-¯‑nÂ C-S-h-g‑nb‑n-e‑q-s‑S H-c‑p B-\-b‑p->‑v A-§-s‑\ \-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p¶‑p. B-\-t‑b-¡‑mÄ "-A-l-¦‑m-c‑w' B-\-¸‑p-d-¯‑n-c‑n¡‑p-¶ ]‑m-¸‑m-\‑p-Å-X‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑n. C-Sh-g‑n-b‑p-s‑S C-c‑p-h-i-h‑p‑w B-\-s‑b I‑m-W‑m-\‑m-b‑n \‑m-«‑p-I‑mÀ X-S‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ t‑h-K‑w h‑o-«‑n-t‑e¡‑v H‑m-S‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n D-½-t‑b‑m-S‑v h‑n-h-c‑w ]-d-ª‑p. A-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑mb-X‑v C-X‑v B-§-f-b‑p‑w s‑]-§-f‑p‑w t‑\-c-s‑¯ ]-d-ª‑p-d-¸‑n-¨ ]-²-X‑nb‑m-s‑W-¶‑v. B Z‑n-h-k-§-f‑nÂ I‑q-¸‑nÂ I‑m-c‑ya‑m-b ]-W‑n-b‑n-Ã‑m-¯-X‑v I‑m-c-W‑w B-\ \‑m-«‑nÂ h‑n-{‑i-a¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑m-f‑n-t‑b-¡Â ]-d-¼‑ne‑p-Å ]-\-¼-«-I-s‑f-¸-ä‑n F‑w.F.¡‑v t‑\-c-s‑¯ \-Ã [‑m-c-W-b‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m->‑v B-\ H-c‑m-g‑v-N a‑m-f‑n-t‑b-¡Â \‑n-e‑v-¡-s‑«s‑b-¶‑v C-hÀ a‑p-t‑¼ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â a-IÄ B-_‑n F-s‑â P‑o-h‑nX-]-¦‑m-f‑n-b‑m-b‑n I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶-X‑v, ]T-\‑w I-g‑nª‑v t‑U‑m-Î-d‑m-b I‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v. `‑m-c‑y‑m-]‑n-X‑m-h‑v F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑nÂ‑, A-t‑±-lh‑p-a‑m-b‑n C-S-]-g-I‑m\‑p-Å A-h-k-c‑w k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑p‑w hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p. A-\‑p-`-h-§-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S A-t‑±-l‑w F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ h-e‑p-X‑m-b‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p s‑]‑m-k‑nä‑o-h‑v F-\À-P‑n t‑{‑k‑m-X-Ê‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l‑w. A-e‑v-]-k-a-b‑w A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑n k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑nc‑p¶‑mÂ G-X‑p I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p ]‑p-X‑n-b B-t‑hi‑w I‑n-«‑n-b-X‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w. i‑p-`‑m-]‑v-X‑n h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w t‑¢-i-I-c-a‑m-b P‑o-h‑nX-b‑m-{‑X-b‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-a‑p-X-e‑mb‑nc‑p-¶‑p. k‑z-´‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-e‑p‑w a-ä‑p-Å-h-c‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-e‑p‑w C‑u i‑p-`-{‑]-X‑o-£ G-s‑d k-l‑m-bI-c-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. H-c‑p k-µ‑n-K‑v-²-L-«-¯‑nÂ c>‑m‑w X-h-W-b‑p‑w l‑r-Z-bi-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b (Redo bypass‑‑) s‑N-¿‑m-s‑\-S‑p-¯ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑w C-X‑n-s‑\‑m-c‑p-Z‑m-l-cW-a‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-s‑¯ l‑r-Z-b-i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b(bypass) b‑v-¡‑p t‑i-j‑w I‑p-d-¨‑p-hÀ-j‑w I-g‑n-ª‑v h‑o>‑p‑w s‑\-©‑p-t‑h-Z-\ D>‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w l‑r-Z-b-¯‑n-s‑e c-à-¡‑p-g-e‑p-IÄ K-W‑ya‑m-b‑n A-S-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-s‑\-¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑v C-´‑y-b‑n-s‑e h‑n-h‑n-[t‑I-{‑µ-§-f‑n-e‑p-Å h‑n-Z-K‑v-² t‑U‑m-ÎÀ-a‑mÀ A-t‑±l-s‑¯ ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w F-Ã‑mh-c‑p‑w X-s‑¶ a-c‑p-¶‑p s‑I‑m>‑p-Å X‑p-SÀN‑n-I‑n-Õ-b‑m-W‑v \‑nÀ-t‑±-i‑n-¨-X‑v. ]-t‑£‑, A-X‑nÂ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑\‑m-«‑p‑w B-i‑z‑m-k‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. c>‑m-a-s‑X‑m-c‑p i-k‑v{‑X-{‑I‑nb-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p a‑p-¼‑n-e‑p-Å G-I t‑]‑m‑w-h-g‑n. F-¶‑mÂ A-X‑n-\‑v C-´‑y-b‑n-e‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑mÀ-U‑n-b‑m-I‑v kÀ-P-\‑p‑w‑, i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b a‑q-e-a‑p>mI‑m-h‑p-¶ A-]-I-S-`-h‑n-j‑y-¯‑p-IÄ ]-c‑n-K-W‑n-¨‑m-h‑m‑w‑, t‑h>-{‑X {‑]X‑o-£ \-e‑v-I‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-t‑£‑, F‑w.F. {‑]-X‑o-£ s‑s‑I-s‑h-S‑n-ª‑n-c‑p¶‑n-Ã. A-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v A-t‑a-c‑n-¡b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n h‑o>‑p‑w s‑s‑_-]‑m-k‑v i-k‑v-{‑X-{‑I‑n-b s‑N-¿‑m-\‑n-S-b‑m-b-X‑v. C-X‑v a‑q-e‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â t‑c‑mK-¯‑n-\‑v K-W‑y-a‑m-b B-i‑z‑m-k‑w I‑n-«‑p-I-b‑p>‑m-b‑n. C‑u \‑n-Ý-bZ‑mÀ-V‑y-h‑p‑w BÀ-P-h-h‑p‑w k‑z-´‑w I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-s‑e-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e a-ä‑p-Å-hs‑c k-l‑m-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w {‑]-I-S-a‑mb‑n-c‑p¶‑p. ]‑m-h-s‑¸-«-h-c‑p-s‑S ]T-\‑, t‑P‑m-e‑n‑, N‑n-I‑n-Õ‑m-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑n-b C-Ss‑]-S-e‑pIÄ \-a‑p-s‑¡-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑mh‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S‑, \‑m-«‑ne‑p‑w S‑u-W‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_¡‑m-c‑p-a‑m-b \‑n-c-h-[‑n t‑c‑m-K‑n-I-s‑f A-h-c‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m³ ]-e-t‑¸‑m-g‑m-b‑n F-\‑n-¡‑v A-h-k-c‑w e-`‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â k‑m-a‑o-]‑y-h‑p‑w A-\‑pI-¼-b‑p‑w s‑s‑[-c‑y‑w ]-I-c-e‑p‑w C‑u t‑c‑m-K‑n-IÄ-¡‑v h-e‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑m-i‑z‑m-ka‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑p F-f‑n-b t‑U‑m-ÎÀ F-¶ \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v C‑u C-S-s‑]-S-e‑pI-f‑nÂ F-\‑n-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v ]T‑n¡‑m-\‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. s‑s‑h-Z‑y-]T-\‑w ]-c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¸‑n-¨ t‑c‑m-K‑o-]-c‑n-N-c-W-¯‑n\-¸‑p-d-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p C‑u t‑\À-¡‑m-g‑v-NIÄ F-\‑n-¡‑p \-e‑v-I‑n-b ]‑mT-§Ä. B-\-b‑p-Å A-½‑m-h-s‑\-¡‑mÄ a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑v-t‑\-l-¯‑n-s‑â B-\-h-e‑n¸-a‑p-Å A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v F-s‑â a-\Ê‑nÂ H-c‑p A-\‑p`-h-K‑p-c‑p-\‑m-Y-s‑â Ø‑m-\‑w F-¶‑p-a‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

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Hcp sNdnb ]p©n-cn-tbmsS heyp-¸ ]d-ªp: "Ct¸mÄ th\Â¡m-e-a-tÃ, ssakq-cnÂ \Ã a[p-c-apÅ henb h¯¡ (X®n-a-¯³) In«pw. Hcp temdn hmS-I-bvs¡-Sp¯v Hcp temUv h¯¡ ssakq-cnÂ \n¶pw sIm@p-h¶v tImgn-t¡m-sS-¯n¨v tjm¸p-I-fnÂ sImSp-¯mÂ aXn, GXv I¼-\n-bnepw In«p¶ i¼-f-t¯-¡mÄ em`w In«pw."

HmÀ-½-I-fnÂ Fw.-F.- hm-¸

-½-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-¸-s‑b F-s‑â I‑p-«‑n-¡‑m-e‑w a‑p-XÂ R‑m³ ‑"-F‑w.-F.-h‑m-¸‑' F-¶‑p‑w D-¸-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-¸-s‑b ‑"-h‑m-¸‑n-¨‑n‑' F-¶‑p‑w h‑nf‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-¶‑p. I‑m-e‑m-´-c-¯‑nÂ D-½-b‑p-s‑S h‑m-¸-s‑b F‑w.-F.h‑m-¸ F-¶-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w a‑m-d‑n ‑"-h-e‑y‑p-¸‑' F-¶‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n. F‑w.-F.-h‑m-¸-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-t‑¨‑mÀ-¡‑pt‑¼‑m-s‑g-Ã‑m‑w F-s‑â a-\-Ê‑nÂ \‑n-d-b‑m-d‑p-Å c‑q-]‑w F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w k‑p-k‑v-t‑a-c-h-Z-\-\‑m-b‑, \‑n-d-s‑b s‑]‑m-k‑n-ä‑o-h‑v F-\À-P‑n-b‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w X-a‑m-i ]-d-b‑m-d‑p-Å‑, K‑u-c-h-I‑m-c‑y§-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w ^-e‑n-X‑w I-s‑>¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p Câ-d-Ì‑n‑w-K‑v I‑m-c-I‑v-äÀ. \-Ã `-£-W-h‑p‑w \-Ã h-k‑v-{‑X§-f‑p‑w t‑h-K-X I‑q-S‑n-b I‑m-d‑p-If‑p‑w C-ã-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑p-¶ H-c‑p Modern man. s‑]‑m-X‑p-s‑h `-£-W-{‑]‑n-b\‑m-b R‑m³ A-t‑±-l-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m¸‑w t‑l‑m-«-e‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑p-¶ k-a-b-§-f‑m-W‑v, c‑p-N‑nI-c-a‑m-b `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ

R‑m³ C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¡‑m-d‑pÅ-X‑v. h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ kÂ-¡‑m-c-t‑hf-I-f‑nÂ `-£-W-t‑¯‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w a-ä‑p a‑p-X‑nÀ-¶-hÀ s‑h-Å‑w I‑pS‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ h-e‑y‑p-¸ s‑]-]‑v-k‑n I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m³ X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w I‑m-W‑n-¨‑nc‑p-¶-X‑v F-¶‑nÂ I‑u-X‑p-I-a‑p-WÀ¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑¶ h-Ã‑m-s‑X B-IÀ-j‑n¨‑n-c‑p-¶ a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-W‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S h-k‑v-{‑X-[‑m-c-W-c‑o-X‑nIÄ. a‑n-¡-h‑m-d‑p‑w k-a-b-§-f‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w \-Ã t‑NÀ-¨-b‑p-Å I‑m¡‑n‑, _‑n-k‑v-¡-ä‑v \‑n-d-§-f‑n-e‑p-Å ]‑mâ‑v-k‑p‑w s‑h-Å jÀ-«‑p‑w [-c‑n-¨‑p. A-X‑n-s‑â I‑q-s‑S a‑m-¨‑n‑w-K‑v B-b‑n«‑p-Å h‑n-e-I‑q-S‑n-b {‑_‑m³-U-U‑v s‑e-XÀ j‑q-k‑p‑w [-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. C-¯-c‑w h-k‑v-{‑X-[‑m-c-Wt‑¯‑m-s‑S h-e‑y‑p-¸ X-s‑â I‑m-d‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w C-d-§‑n-h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-t‑±l‑w i-c‑n-¡‑p‑w H-c‑p t‑^‑m-d‑n³ s‑Ue‑n-t‑K-ä‑n-s‑\-t‑¸‑m-s‑e t‑X‑m-¶‑n-¨‑p. k‑z-X-k‑n-²-a‑m-b k-a‑m-[‑m\-¯‑n-s‑â B a‑p-J-`‑m-h‑w IÀW-s‑â I-h-N-I‑p-Þ-e-§Ä

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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k-eow F.-Fw. (D-®n) a-IÄ dp-Jn-b-bp-sS aI³

t‑]‑m-s‑e k-Z‑m A-t‑±-l‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-\-S-¶‑p. t‑I‑m-t‑fP‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-e-¯‑v (C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w‑) h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S C‑u {‑U-Ê‑v-t‑I‑m-U‑v R‑m³ A-\‑p-I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. k‑v¡‑q-f‑nÂ ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v-b‑m-{‑X-IÄ I-g‑n-ª‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸ s‑]‑m-b‑ne‑nÂ-h‑o-«‑nÂ h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ R‑m³ a‑p³-I‑q-«‑n `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑m³ A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑nb‑n-«‑p->‑m-I‑p‑w. h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v t‑h->‑n A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑nã-s‑¸-« F-Ã‑m h‑n-`-h-§-f‑p‑w A-h‑n-s‑S H-c‑p-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w F-s‑¶-\‑n-¡‑p-d-¸‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R‑m³ I->‑, t‑\-c‑n-«d‑n-ª‑, H-c‑p a-l‑m- _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑v-{‑]-X‑n-`-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h-e‑y‑p-¸. F-´‑p {‑]-X‑n-I‑q-

e-k‑m-l-N-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p I-¨-h-S-k‑m-[‑y-X-b‑p‑w A-`‑nh‑r-²‑n-b‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p I‑m-W‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. Business management is basically people management. B H-c‑p AÀ°-¯‑nÂ Business skillt‑h->‑p-t‑h‑m-f-a‑p-Å H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-X‑z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l¯‑n-t‑â-X‑v. A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ B-Z‑y-a‑mb‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-t‑e‑m h‑y-à‑n-]-c-a‑m-b I‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-t‑e‑m A-h‑n-i‑z-k‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-h‑ni‑z-k‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-X‑y‑w. B X-c-¯‑n-e‑p-Å B-IÀ-j-W‑o-bX-b‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-X-b‑p‑w D-Å

H-c‑p h‑y-à‑n-X‑z‑w s‑s‑Z-h‑w A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑p \-e‑v-I‑n. h-e‑y‑p-¸-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-t‑¨‑mÀ¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F-\‑n-¡‑m-Z‑y‑w a-\-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑p h-c‑p-I A-t‑±l-¯‑n-s‑â \À-a-a‑m-W‑v. H‑mÀ-t‑¯‑mÀ-¯‑v N‑n-c‑n-¡‑m³ h-I-b‑p-Å X-a‑m-i-IÄ A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â C‑u sense of humour k‑p-l‑r¯‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑m‑wK-§-f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w C-S-b‑nÂ {‑]-k‑n-²-a‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n s‑^-t‑d‑m-s‑s‑¹ ^‑v-s‑s‑f-h‑p-U‑v ^‑m-Î-d‑n X‑p-S-§‑n A-X‑ns‑â s‑S-Ì‑v s‑{‑]‑m-U-I‑v-j³ \-S-¯‑p-I-b‑p->‑m-b‑n. B-Z‑y _‑m-¨‑p‑w c->‑m‑w _‑m-¨‑p‑w s‑s‑¹-h‑p-U‑v s‑]‑m-Å‑n-t‑¸‑m-b‑n F-¶‑v a‑m-t‑\-PÀ ]-d-ª-

Fw.F. ap-l-½-Zv a-cp-a-I³ D-Åm-«nÂ Ip-«n lk³, t]-c-¡p«n (tc-JI³) D®n, A-\n-b³ aÀlqw Fw.F. lp-ssk³ km-ln-_v F-¶n-hÀ-s¡m¸w Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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t‑¸‑mÄ "-F-¶‑mÂ A-X‑v s‑I‑m-¯‑n-¡‑o-d‑n A-S‑p-¸‑nÂ s‑h-t‑¨-¡‑v-' F-¶‑v l‑mk‑y-c‑q-t‑]-W ]-d-ª-X‑v H‑mÀ-¡‑p-¶‑p. ]‑p-X‑n-b t‑a‑m-UÂ I‑m-d‑p-IÄ h‑m-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w A-X‑v k‑z-b‑w X-s‑¶ H‑m-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v F-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w. X-s‑â I‑m-d‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S a‑n-I-h‑p‑w t‑h-K-X-b‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I-X-If‑p‑w H-s‑¡ a-ä‑p-Å-h-t‑c‑m-S‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸ h‑n-i-Z‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-d‑p>‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. U‑n-{‑K‑n I-g‑n-ª‑v F‑w._‑n.-F. s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑n-\‑v t‑i-j‑w R-§Ä t‑I‑mb-¼-¯‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w h-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ "-F-´‑m-W‑v A-S‑p-¯ ¹‑m³?' F-¶‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸ F-t‑¶‑m-S‑v t‑N‑mZ‑n-¨‑p. F‑w.-_‑n.-F. H-s‑¡ I-g‑n-ª H-c‑p B-t‑hi-¯‑nÂ‑, G-s‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w H-c‑p h-e‑n-b F‑w.-F³.k‑n.b‑nÂ (aÄ-«‑n t‑\-j\Â I-¼-\‑n‑) t‑P‑m-b‑n³ s‑N-¿-W‑w‑, Z‑p-_‑m-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I-W‑w F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ R‑m³ ]-d-ª‑p. H-c‑p s‑N-d‑n-b ]‑p-©‑n-c‑n-t‑b‑m-s‑S h-e‑y‑p-¸ ]-d-ª‑p: "-C-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑h-\Â¡‑m-e-a-t‑Ã‑, s‑s‑a-k‑q-c‑nÂ \-Ã a-[‑p-c-a‑p-Å h-e‑n-b h-¯-¡ (X-®‑n-a-¯³‑) I‑n-«‑p‑w. H-c‑p t‑e‑m-d‑n h‑mS-I-b‑v-s‑¡-S‑p-¯‑v H-c‑p t‑e‑m-U‑v h-¯-¡ s‑s‑ak‑q-c‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w s‑I‑m>‑p-h-¶‑v t‑I‑m-g‑n-t‑¡‑ms‑S-¯‑n-¨‑v t‑j‑m-¸‑p-I-f‑nÂ s‑I‑m-S‑p-¯‑mÂ a-X‑n‑, G-X‑v I-¼-\‑n-b‑n-e‑p‑w I‑n-«‑p-¶

Fw.F. bp-sS `m-cy Bkn-b l-Öp-½ Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§Ä-s¡m¸w

i-¼-f-t‑¯-¡‑mÄ e‑m-`‑w I‑n-«‑p‑w.' X-a‑m-i c‑q-t‑]-W-b‑m-W‑v A-¶‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸ A-X‑v ]-d-ªs‑X-¦‑n-e‑p‑w B A-h-k-t‑c‑m-N‑n-X-a‑m-b I-¨-h-S-b‑p-à‑n F-\‑n¡‑v ]‑n-¶‑o-S‑m-W‑v a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-b-X‑v. D-b-c‑w s‑I‑m->‑p‑w X-e-b‑n-s‑e a‑p-S‑n-b‑p-s‑S Z‑uÀ-e-`‑y‑w s‑I‑m>‑p‑w c‑q-]-k‑m-Z‑r-i‑y‑w s‑I‑m->‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ ]-e-c‑p‑w F-s‑¶ I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ F‑w.-F.-b‑p-s‑S B-c‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑md‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F‑w.-_‑n.-F.¡‑v ]T‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, t‑I‑m-b-¼¯‑q-c‑nÂ F-s‑â k‑o-\‑n-b-d‑m-b H-c‑p k‑p-l‑r-¯‑v B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n h-e‑y‑p-¸-s‑b I->-t‑¸‑mÄ ]-d-ª-X‑v, Your grandpa has an extra ordinary peaceful look -F-¶‑m-W‑v. B-Z‑y-a‑m-b‑n I‑mW‑p-¶ B-f‑p-IÄ t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S B ‑"-k-a‑m-[‑m-\-`‑mh‑w' a-\-Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. h-e‑y‑p-¸-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v C-\‑n-b‑p‑w H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v H‑mÀ-½-IÄ C-h‑ns‑S F-g‑p-X‑m-\‑p->‑v. Ø-e-]-c‑n-a‑n-X‑n I‑m-c-W‑w \‑nÀ-¯‑p-I-b‑mW‑v. A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â h‑n-t‑b‑m-K-t‑¯‑m-s‑S \-a‑p-¡‑v \-ã-a‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v a‑m-ä-s‑¯ C-ã-s‑¸-«‑, X-s‑â I‑m-e-¯‑n-\‑p‑w a‑p-t‑¼ \-S-¶‑, A-\‑p-I-¼-b‑p-Å‑, F-Ã‑m-hÀ-¡‑p‑w k-l‑mb-l-k‑v-X‑w \‑o-«‑n-b‑, [‑n-j-W‑m-i‑m-e‑n-b‑m-b H-c‑p a-\‑p-j‑y-k‑vt‑\-l‑n-s‑b-b‑m-W‑v. i-{‑X‑p-¡Ä-¡‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w I‑p-ä‑w-]-d-b‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯‑, a‑p-J‑w-I-d‑p-¯‑v B-t‑c‑m-S‑p‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑m-¯‑, X-s‑â k-¼‑m-Z‑y-¯‑n-s‑â G-d‑n-b ]-¦‑p‑w Z‑m-\‑w \-e‑v-I‑n-b H-c‑p b-Y‑mÀ-° h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑n. ]-S-¨ X-¼‑p-c‑m³ h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v X-s‑â k‑zÀ-¤-¯‑n-s‑â I-h‑m-S-§Ä X‑p-d-¶‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡-s‑«. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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B]m-¸ (Fw.-F.AÐpÂ Akokv)-sb- ¡p-dn-¨v Hä-hm-¡nÂ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ At±-l-¯nsâ PohnXw F¶p ]d-ªmÂ aq¶p Imcy-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. IpSpw-_w, I¼-\n, ]Ån-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Imcy-§Ä. hfsc Ipd-¨p-am{Xw kwkm-cn-¡p¶ BÄ.

h-eyp-¸-bpw B-]m-¸-bpw HmÀ-½-I-fnÂ

h Fw.-F. ap-l-½-Zv d-Pm-bv a-I³ A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kn-sâ aq-¯ aI³.

-e‑y‑p-¸ F-Ã‑m R‑m-b-d‑m-g‑vN-I-f‑n-e‑p-a‑m-W‑v s‑I‑m-S‑n-b¯‑q-c‑nÂ R-§-f‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑nÂ h-c‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v. A-s‑X‑m-c‑p {‑]-t‑X‑yI-Z‑n-h-k-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p R-§Ä¡‑v. D-¨-b‑v-¡‑v A-S‑n-s‑]‑m-f‑n `-£-W‑w H-s‑¡-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w k‑p-J-h‑n-h-c‑w A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]T‑n-¯-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ F-§-s‑\ t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶‑v t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w. h-e‑y‑p-¸ h-¶-X-d‑n-ª‑v I‑ps‑d B-f‑p-IÄ h‑o-«‑nÂ h-c‑p‑w. A-[‑n-I-h‑p‑w k-l‑m-b‑w A-`‑yÀ°‑n-¨‑m-W‑v h-c‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v. A-[‑nI-h-c-h‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w t‑]-g‑v-k‑v I‑m-e‑n-b‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑mI‑m-d‑p-Å-X‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w A-l‑v-aZ‑n-b‑m {‑]-Ø‑m-\-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-t‑¨‑m A-X‑nÂ t‑N-c‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p t‑h>‑n-t‑b‑m A-t‑±-l‑w B-s‑c-b‑p‑w \‑nÀ-º-Ô‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. t‑c‑m-K‑n-I-s‑f k-µÀ-i‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑nÂ A-t‑±-l‑w {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑w {‑i-² I‑m-W‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑v I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p-Å Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

HmÀ- a - I fpw A\p- ` - h - § fpw

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A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â A-d‑n-h‑v h‑m-¡‑pI-f‑nÂ H-X‑p-§‑n-Ã. a-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â G-X‑m-\‑p‑w a‑m-k-§Ä a‑p-¼‑p h-s‑c A-t‑±-l‑w a‑p-S-§‑m-s‑X I-¼-\‑n-b‑nÂ h-c‑m-d‑p->‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. B k-a-b-¯‑v A-t‑±-l-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å B-i-b-h‑n-\‑n-ab‑w h‑n-e-a-X‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯-X‑m-W‑v. A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-ª‑p X-¶ ]-e I‑mc‑y-§-f‑p‑w F-s‑¶ k‑w-_-Ô‑n-t‑¨S-t‑¯‑m-f‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-ÊnÂ h-e‑n-b a‑p-X-e‑v-¡‑q-«‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. _‑n-k‑n\-Ê‑nÂ d‑n-k‑v-¡‑v F-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v A-t‑±-l-s‑¯ I-g‑n-ª‑n-t‑« B-c‑p‑w D-Å‑q. ISp¯ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\-§-s‑f-S‑p¯‑v _‑n-k‑n-\-Ê‑p-IÄ‑, F-Ã‑m-h-s‑cb‑p‑w A-Z‑v-`‑p-X-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑m->‑v, h‑n-P-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. H-c‑n-¡Â ‑"PK Steel’Â H-c‑p a‑o-ä‑n‑w-K‑v B-h-i‑y‑mÀ-°‑w t‑]‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. A-¶‑v _-l‑p-a‑m-\‑y-\‑m-b ]‑n.s‑I. A-l‑v-a-Z‑v k‑m-l‑n-_‑v F-s‑¶ I->t‑¸‑mÄ ‑"-F‑w.-F.‑' F-¶‑m-W‑v A-`‑n-k‑w-t‑_‑m-[-\ s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑v. h-e‑n-b A-`‑n-a‑m-\‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n. F‑w.-F. F-¶ A-{‑U-Ê‑v A-`‑n-a‑m-\‑w X-s‑¶b‑m-W‑v.

Fsâ A-¸m-¸ (F‑w.-F.AÐ‑pÂ- A-k‑o-k‑v)-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v H-äh‑m-¡‑nÂ ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â P‑o-h‑n-X‑w F-¶‑p ]-d-ª‑mÂ a‑q-¶‑p I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶‑p. I‑p-S‑p‑w-_‑w‑, I-¼-\‑n‑, ]-Å‑nb‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« I‑m-c‑y-§Ä. h-f-s‑c I‑p-d-¨‑p-a‑m-{‑X‑w k‑w-k‑m-c‑n¡‑p-¶ BÄ. ]nXm-sh-¶ \ne-¡v A-¸m-¸tbm-Sv R-§Ä-s¡Ãmw sNdn-b t]-Snbpw hen-b _-lp-am-\-hp-ambn-cp¶p. ]-t‑£‑, N‑o-¯ H-¶‑p‑w ]-d-b‑m-d‑n-Ã. h-f-s‑c A]qÀ-Æ-amtb N‑o-¯ ]-d-b‑p-I-b‑p-Å‑p. a-X-I‑m-c‑y§-f‑nÂ R-§Ä I‑r-X‑y-\‑n-j‑vT I‑m-W‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-\‑v \‑nÀ-º-Ô-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑e-¯-s‑¶ h‑n-Z‑y‑m`‑y‑m-k-I‑m-c‑y-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-t‑±-l‑w A-X‑o-h {‑i-²‑m-e‑p-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R§Ä a-¡-fp-sS-sbÃmw kv-Iqfn-se ]m-câv-kv ao-änw-KnÂ A-t±lw Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-s¦-Sp-¡p-am-bncp¶p.

Fsâ sN-dp-¸w ap-XÂ-¡p X-s¶ A-¸m-¸ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ _n-kn\-Êv bm-{X-I-fnepw ao-änwKp-I-fn-ep-saÃmw F-s¶bpw Iq-sS-¡q-«p-am-bn-cp¶p. A-Xv ]-e-cp-ambpw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sm\pw ]nÂ-¡me-¯v F-sâ Po-hn-X¯n-sâ ap-t¶m-«p-Å- bm-{X¡pw hen-b k-lm-b-am-bn am-dn. Rm³ ^m-dq-¡v tIm-tf-PnÂ _n-_nF-¡v ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÄ I¼-\n tImÀ-t«-kn-em-bn-cp¶p Xm-a-kn-¨n-cp-¶Xv. AXpsIm->v B Im-e-¯pX-s¶ I-¼-\n-bpsS Hm-^o-kv tPm-enI-fnepw a-äp-am-bn C-S-s]-«p-Xp-S§n-bn-cp¶p. A-¸m-¸-bp-sS-bpw hÃyp-¸-bp-sSbpw Hmtcm {]-hÀ¯-\-§fpw C-S-s]-S-ep-Ifpw \n-co-£n-¡m\pw I->p-]Tn-¡m \pw AXp-sIm->v F-\n-¡v km[n¨p. X-sâ ap-¶nÂ-h-cp-¶ D-]t`m-àm-¡-tfmSpw sXm-gn-em-fn-Itfm-Sp-saÃmw hf-sc am-\y-am-b s]-cp-am-ä-am-bn-cp-¶p A-h-cp-tSXv. hÃyp-¸-bp-sSbpw A-¸m-¸-bp-sS

aÀlqw Fw.F. A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv km-ln-_v H-cp _n-kn\-kv ao-än-§nÂ Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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hÃyp-¸-bp-sSbpw A-¸m-¸-bp-sSbpw kz-`m-h¯nepw ico-c `m-j-bn-epsaÃmw H-cp-]m-Sv km-ay-X-I-fp-@mbn-cp¶p.

bpw kz-`m-h-¯nepw ico-c `m-j-bn-ep-saÃmw H-cp-]m-Sv km-ay-X-I-fp->m-bn-cp¶p. \‑m-«‑n-s‑e ]-Å‑n-b‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-\‑p-_-Ô-Ø‑m-]-\-§f‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w A-a-c-¡‑m-c³ A-t‑±-l-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. a‑p-P‑m-l‑n-Z‑v {‑]-Ø‑m-\‑w ]‑n-fÀ-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ \‑m-«‑n-s‑e a-l-Ã‑p-k‑w-h‑n-[‑m-\‑w s‑F-I‑y-t‑¯‑m-s‑S s‑I‑m->‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ A-t‑±-l‑w A-t‑§b-ä‑w {‑]-b-X‑v-\‑n-¨‑n-«‑p->‑v. h‑o-«‑nÂ k-l‑m-b-¯‑n-\‑v B-c‑p h-¶‑m-e‑p‑w s‑h-d‑p‑w-I-t‑¿‑m-s‑S a-S-¡‑n-h‑n-S‑m-d‑n-Ã. I-e‑n-¡-ä‑v s‑s‑SÂ I-¼-\‑n-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â F-Ã‑m‑w. B {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑â D-bÀ-¨-b‑p‑w X‑m-g‑v-N-b‑p‑w t‑\-c‑n-« H-c‑m-f‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l‑w. 1995-2005 I‑m-e‑w A-X‑n-\‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w t‑a‑m-i‑w k-a-b-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

Cu Ime-¯v I¼\n hen-b {]-Xnk-Ôn t\-cn«p. FÃm-hcpw I¼\n ]q-«m³ \nÀ-t±-in¨p. ]-t£ A-t±-l-¯n\pw hÃyp-¸¡pw hen-b B-ßhn-izm-k-am-bn-cp¶p. A-hÀ {]-Xn-k-Ôn-sb t\-cn-Sm³ X-s¶ Xo-cp-am-\n¨p. {]-Xo£n-¨Xp-t]m-se 2005 B-Ip-t¼m-tg¡pw Øn-XnK-Xn-IÄ am-dn-¯p-S§n. HmSp-hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v ho>pw Po-hn³ h¨p. ]-t£ B H-cp L-«w B-kz-Zn-¡phm³ A-¸m¸-¡v Iq-Sp-XÂ I-gn-ªnÃ. A-t¸m-tg¡pw tcm-Kw ]-Xn-sb-]-Xn-sb B i-coc-s¯ ImÀ-¶pXn-¶m³ Xp-S-§n-bn-cp-¶p. 2009þÂ R-§-fp-sS {]n-bs¸-« A-¸m-¸ AÃm-lp-hnte-¡v a-S§n.

aÀlqw Fw.F. A-ÐpÂ A-ko-kv km-ln-_n-s\-¡p-dn-¨v tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn-bnÂ h-¶ Ip-dn¸v

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Tribute to my caring father in law

s a father in law, your absence left a deep wound on us. Your love and memories are always with us. You were always pure and treated me as your very own. You gave me the feeling and comfort of a daughter. You filled a space of security and comfort which no one can fill or replace that space. I always pray to God for your eternal peace. I lost you but did not lose you as a model of my husbands life. His thoughts and practices are like yours. You were a man who cared, shared and affectionate. Thank you for accepting, loving me with whole heart and support in everything I did.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Afreen Basheer Daughter in Law

h-eyp-¸ F-sâ HmÀ-½-bnÂ

h tUm. s^-_n³ A-lv-a-Zv a-IÄ k-eo-\-bp-sS aIÄ.

-e‑y‑p-¸ H‑mÀ-½-b‑m-b‑n F-¶X‑v F-\‑n-¡‑n-¶‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¡‑mÅ‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã. h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑ps‑S k‑z-`‑m-h-K‑p-W-§-s‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w I‑m-c‑p-W‑y-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w R‑m³ I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-¯‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑v\‑n-¶‑p‑w H-c‑p ]‑m-S‑v t‑I-«‑n-«‑p>‑v. h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w F-\‑n-¡‑v I‑n-«‑n-b A-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ R‑m³ B-k‑z-Z‑n-¨ k‑v-t‑\-l-h‑p‑w ]-c‑n-KW-\-b‑p‑w I‑m-c‑p-W‑y-h‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v F-\‑n-¡‑v H‑mÀ-½ h-c‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ C-h‑n-s‑S I‑p-d‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. R-§-f‑p-t‑S-X‑v H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v A‑wK-§-f‑p-Å H-c‑p I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-a‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑m-e‑p‑w A-X‑nÂ F-Ã‑m-hs‑c-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v \-Ã A-d‑n-h‑m-W‑v. R-§Ä t‑]-c-¡‑p-«‑nIÄ B-s‑c‑m-s‑¡‑, F-s‑´‑m-s‑¡‑, F-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b‑m-s‑¡‑, G-s‑X‑m-s‑¡ t‑I‑m-g‑v-k‑v s‑N-b‑v-X‑p F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡ h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v A-d‑n-b‑m-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. F-s‑¶ F-t‑¸‑mÄ I->‑me‑p‑w s‑s‑I ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑v h‑n-t‑i-j-§Ä F-Ã‑m‑w t‑N‑m-Z‑n-¡‑p‑w. F-s‑â a-IÄ k‑m-d-s‑b h-e‑n-b C-ã-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä \‑m-«‑n-e‑n-Ã‑m-¯-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑m-d-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v F-s‑â D-½-t‑b‑mS‑v A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¡‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. H-c‑n-¡Â s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑v s‑h-¨‑v \-S-¯‑n-b H-c‑p k-e‑v¡‑m-c‑w F-\‑n-t‑¡‑mÀ-½-b‑p->‑v. `-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â k-a-b-¯‑n-s‑â I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ \-Ã \‑n-j‑vT-b‑p-Å I‑q-«-¯‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p h-e‑y‑p-¸. ]-t‑£‑, k-e‑v-¡‑m-c-¯‑n-\‑v F-Ã‑m A-X‑n-Y‑n-I-f‑p‑w F-¯‑n F-¶‑v D-d¸‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-t‑« h-e‑y‑p-¸ `-£-W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑q. A-¶‑v R-§-f‑p-s‑S H-c‑p Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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_-Ô‑p-h‑o-«‑p-I‑mÀ F-¯‑m³ I‑p-s‑d s‑s‑h-I‑n. A-X‑p-h-s‑c h-e‑y‑p-¸ `-£W‑w I-g‑n-¡‑m-s‑X I‑m-¯‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ s‑N-d‑n-b I‑p-«‑n-If‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑h-Å‑n-b‑m-g‑v-N-If‑n-e‑m-W‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸ s‑I‑m-S‑n-b-¯‑q-c‑nÂ h-c‑p-¶-X‑v. A-¶‑v F-s‑â h-e‑y‑p-½ k-t‑´‑m-j-t‑¯‑m-s‑S h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S C-ã-h‑n-`-h-§Ä D->‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v R‑m³ I->‑n-«‑p->‑v. I‑p-¯-c‑n-t‑¨‑mc‑p‑w t‑N-¼‑p-I-d‑n-b‑p‑w t‑X-§ A-c-¨ a‑p-c‑n-§-b‑n-e-¡-d‑n-b‑p‑w a‑o³ s‑]‑m-c‑n¨-X‑p‑w a‑o³ a‑p-f-I‑n-«-X‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w D->m-h‑p‑w. ]‑n-s‑¶‑, t‑a‑m-c‑v F-´‑mb‑m-e‑p‑w D->‑m-h‑p‑w. R-§Ä I‑p«‑n-IÄ-¡‑v s‑\-b‑v-t‑¨‑m-d‑p‑w N‑n-¡³ I-d‑n-b‑p‑w D->‑m-¡‑m-\‑p‑w h-e‑y‑p-½ a-d-¡‑m-d‑n-Ã. R‑m³ \‑m-«‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑v b‑p.-s‑I.-b‑nt‑e-¡‑v h-c‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ b‑m-{‑X ]-d-b‑m³ h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S A-S‑p-¯‑v t‑]‑m-I‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C‑w-¥->‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v \-¶‑m-¡‑n I‑p-s‑d k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. \-Ã Ø-e-a‑m-W‑v, k‑p-c-£‑n-Xa‑m-b c‑m-P‑y-a‑m-W‑v F-s‑¶‑m-s‑¡. h-e‑y‑p-¸ c-t‑>‑m a‑q-t‑¶‑m X-h-W C‑w-¥->‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n-«‑p->‑v. k‑v-¡‑qf‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m³ a-S‑n-¨‑p-\‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ s‑N-d‑n-b I‑p-«‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v k‑v-¡‑q-f‑n-s‑\¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w A-[‑y‑m-]-I-s‑c-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p‑w \-¶‑m-¡‑n-¸-d-b‑p-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e F-\‑n¡‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w. I-g‑n-ª X-h-W-s‑¯ b‑m-{‑X-]d-¨‑nÂ A-h-k‑m-\-t‑¯-X‑m-b‑n-t‑¸‑mI‑p‑w F-¶‑v H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-Ã. F-s‑â h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v A-Ã‑m-l‑p A-h-s‑â F-Ã‑m A-\‑p-{‑K-l-§-f‑p‑w \-e‑v-I‑n c-£‑n-¡-s‑«‑, B-a‑o³.

Every birthday of mine will forever remind me of you!

wo years back, on my birthday, he took his last breath. Every birthday of mine will forever remind me of you, Vellippa! When I went to see him at the ICU, I broke down. I did’nt want to see him like that... I wanted to keep memories of Vellippa as that tall and handsome man, who was well dressed always and was a man of dignity. I did’nt want that picture of him on the ICU bed. I have grown up seeing the respect he had received from his children. During our childhood, he used to visit all our houses on Sundays. I used to tell all my friends that my grandfather is the most handsome man I have ever met in my life. “Beauty meets quality” that was him. Now that Vellippa is not there and that vacuum we feel can never be filled.

Nasiya Sulthana M.A. (Kuttu) D/O M.A. Abdul Naser

That coffee powder packets which we all received won’t be there any more... Where ever we go people give us respect because of his name. There are a lot of things we should learn from his life.

A-h-km-\-¡m-gv-N

R‑m

³ h-e‑y‑p-¸-s‑b A-h-k‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n I->-X‑v b‑p.-F-Ê‑n-t‑e-¡‑v h-c‑p¶-X‑n-s‑â c->‑p Z‑n-h-k‑w a‑p-¼‑v b‑m-{‑X-]-d-b‑m³ t‑h->‑n t‑]‑m-bt‑¸‑m-g‑m-W‑v. A-X‑v A-h-k‑m-\ I->‑p-a‑p-«-e‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑v H-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w I-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-Ã. A-¶‑v R-§-s‑f-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨‑p. I‑m-c-W‑w hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑p a‑p-¼‑v h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v h-f-s‑c d‑n-k‑v-¡‑p-Å H-c‑p l‑mÀ-«‑v H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ \-S-¯‑n-b-X‑v b‑p.-F-Ê‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. A-X‑p‑w R-§Ä t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶ t‑]‑mÀ-«‑v-e‑m³-U‑n-s‑e t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑nÂ s‑h-¨‑v. A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑n-b‑m-e‑p-S³ A-¶‑v H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ s‑Nb‑v-X t‑U‑m-Î-sd-b‑p‑w s‑s‑h-^‑n-s‑\-b‑p‑w I‑m-W-W-s‑a-¶‑p‑w ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S-W-s‑a¶‑p‑w ]-d-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. R-§Ä A-h‑n-s‑S-s‑b-¯‑n D-S-s‑\-¯-s‑¶ t‑^‑m-W‑nÂ t‑U‑m-Î-dpsS s‑s‑h-^‑n-s‑\ h‑n-f‑n-¨‑v ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-«‑p. A-hÀ h-e‑y‑p-¸-s‑b-¸-ä‑n h-e‑n-b I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑m-W‑v k‑w-k‑m-c‑n-¨-X‑v. B t‑U‑m-ÎÀ C-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑p-J-a‑n-Ã‑ms‑X I‑n-S-¸‑n-e‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p. G-X‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w h‑n-h-c-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w A-d‑n-ªt‑¸‑mÄ h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑v-¡‑v h-e‑n-b k-t‑´‑m-j-a‑m-b‑n. F-t‑´‑m \‑n-a‑n-¯‑w t‑]‑m-s‑e‑, h-e‑y‑p-¸-b‑p-s‑S H‑m-]-t‑d-j³ s‑N-b‑v-X t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-ä-e‑n-s‑â F-X‑nÀ-`‑m-K-¯‑m-W‑v R-§Ä X‑m-a-k‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑o-S‑v. B t‑l‑m-k‑v-]‑n-äÂ I‑m-W‑p-t‑¼‑m-s‑g‑m-s‑¡ h-e‑y‑p-¸‑m-s‑\ H‑mÀ-½ h-c‑p‑w. Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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sj-dn³ A-lv-a-Zva-IÄ k-eo-\-bp-sS aIÄ.

Uppapa’s Remembrance

s the eldest daughter of Ashraf M.A. among three, my sisters and I have visited India almost every year of our lives. We would come to Calicut to visit aunts, uncles, cousins, and M.A.. He was our grandfather – our uppapa.

Hannah Muhammed D/o. of MA Ashraf Grand Daughter Student at Oxfort University

Whenever we visited the family house, he was always there to hold it all together. Sometimes we would see him walking in the garden, head raised to the sky, watching the sun hitting the trees as insects and butterflies darted around him. Other times he was sitting downstairs, always peaceful, waiting for family to gather around him and talk about their days, their lives, and the world as they see it. He was soft-spoken, kind and gentle. We remember his smile, which always reached his eyes. It was genuine and delightful. This is the first summer we have visited India without him here. The house feels strangely empty. We never knew him to be loud, and yet there is a silence that rests over the garden now that he’s gone, as if everything is holding its breath, hanging onto his memory. He left such a big impression on the lives he touched. Our dad has told us that many times, and we see that impression in his life. Whenever our father remembers our uppapa, he speaks about him with pride in his heart and a fire in his eyes. There is a respect that has always lain deep within those that knew our grandfather that has been lit in his absence, in his remembrance. People are sad to have seen him go – of course, it is sad – but it is also inspiring to see family and friends, all those who hold a piece of our uppapa in their hearts, bravely striding forwards in his memory and bursting into life determined to trail all of his colours behind them.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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My Upapa

y grandfather was a very nice person. I used to call him upapa. His real name was… Actually I forgot his real name? but this is a symbol of love I loved him so much that I forgot his name. He was a very humble and a down to earth person. Never seen anyone like this in my entire life I’ve been living for 15yrs now. He was a true muslim who followed all rules and feared God. prayed 5 times a day, never missed any prayer no matter what happens. He put this good quality in all the house members. At the time of prayers all of us prayed together. But from the time he is gone?? None of us have been praying regularly and even if we do then it’s solo. He helped so many people, his own siblings, and the mosque by giving so much money. He got a lot of respect from everyone. Upapa loved mangos always during this season he ate lots just like me. I loved raw mangos papa used to tell me not to pluck and eat which obviously I did not listen. Few mangos that fell he brought and gave me. Both of us were very similar tall, handsome and the funniest part both of us failed in maths and my dad is like you fail in math you can do nothing I don’t think that sentence applies to upapa as far as I think he was very wealthy so I am hoping I will be very wealthy too. He was a very hardworking person. He lived a great life and now he is chilling in heaven. In the after noon he used to walk outside I used to cycle and used to open my 2 beautiful guys snowy and snoopy.(??). Wow what days those were and this legendary person who helped so many guys taught us a lot of things passed away on 19th june 2019. Sometimes I still can’t believe he’s gone…. Love always.

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Sameer MA S/o. Basheer Grand Son

Old is Gold

‘O Simran Basheer D/o. Basheer Grand Daughter

ld is gold’, this saying is very apt to what my grandfather was, a man with a heart of gold. My grandfather was one of the most kind hearted and loving person I’ve known. He was the most selfless man I’ve ever met someone who’s always put others needs before his own someone who’s always helped others someone who’s always cared for others. He started off working at a very young age , he built his own empire and helped his siblings and entire family to bloom and become successful in every possible way I lost my grandfather on 19th June 2019 it’s over 2 years he’s gone but he’s always and forever in our hearts. When he was there the house used to always feel alive ever since he’s left there’s a very empty feeling which no one can ever fill,but it always feels like he’s around. My grandfather was a man who taught us how to be humble and grounded, He feared God and always did the right thing. He’s helped all of us become better people, he’s a man who has a very special place in my heart. His absence wil always be felt in our lives and we will never stop missing him Love always.

My Grandfather

M Rayyan

y Grandfather was really kind and close to nature. He had lots of mango trees he use to give us the largest mangos of all. His name is Mohmad. He teaches us good manners. We all obey him. and he was a great businessman. He used to make us do house chores and it was fun to do.

D/o. Basheer Grand Son,

Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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Fw.F. ap-l½-Zv

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