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Distress, denial and disappointment in Darfur

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A campaigning organisation which works to fight discrimination; free prisoners of conscience; ensure fair and prompt trials for political prisoners; abolish the death penalty, torture and other cruel treatment of prisoners; end political killings and "disappearances"; and oppose human rights abuses by opposition groups.

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10 Imor-Leste: Five Years on. lndonesia still denies justice to victims of sexual violence

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From A record high number of voters have taken a step to decide

who should be representing them in the legislature in the coming four years in the September 12 election. The right to universal suffrage and equal access to public service is outlined in Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. While Amnesty lnternational believes the composition of Legco has yet to be reformed to achieve this principle, it is important for the people to create opportunities to push forward this agenda. Power's people is not an alien idea to the people in Hong Kong, especially after July 1, 2003.

Steps should also be taken to stamp out massive involuntary and enforced disappearances worldwide. This is a crime committed by the state that places hundreds of thousands of individuals outside of the protection of law, and denies their rights as human beings.

Family members of those who have disappeared suffer enduring grief and helplessness when truth, justice and redress

cannot not be sought through institutionalised legal procedures. This issue's feature (p.4) provides more information on the situations of enforced disappearances in some countries in Asia, and the recent development of a drafted convention.

Steps also need to be taken to stop using rape as a weapon of war. ln Dadur, Sudan, women and girls have been systematically raped, abducted for sexual slavery, or even killed. Their suffering goes far beyond this, as rape has a devastating and

ongoing impact on the health of women and girls. Survivors face a lifetime stigma and marginalisation from their own families and communities. Women and girls are being attacked simply because they are women, and they are being used to humiliate, punish, control and inflict fear on the community to which they belong. The Amnesty lnternational High Level Mission in Sudan reveals the bigger picture. (p.7)

Steps should also be taken to break the silence of violence against women. The Hong Kong section has joined the sixyear global campaign that was launched in March this year.

Running between November 25 (lnternational Stop Violence

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Against Women's Day) to December 10 (lnternational Human Rights Day), a series of campaigns and educational activities will be organised to highlight violence against women as human rights violations, and to push the government respon-

sible to exercise due diligence. lf you are interested in participating, please contact the office for information on how you can help.

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Throughout the world, people who have "disappeared" have been arrested or abducted by state agents, but the governments of these countries deny holding them, thereby placing them outside the proiection of the

law. Often they are tortured - or killed New cases are recorded in

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Thousands of 'disappearances' in Sri Lanka

Since 1980 more than 12,000 cases of "disappearances" have been repofted to the United Nations in the context of the conflict in Sri Lanka. Four presidential commissions of inquiry investigating "disappearances" between 1987 and 1994 found evidence of more than 20,000 cases. The actual figure is likely to be higher. While it has taken some measures to account for the thousands of "disappearances", Sri Lanka continues to have one of the highest levels of such unresolved cases in the world.

dozens of countries each year.

Notorious for their occurrence in Argentina, Chile and other countries in the 1970s, "disappearances" are more than just a "Latin American problem". Hundreds of thousands of

Since 1994, the government in Sri Lanka has taken several initiatives to try to address the problem, including the creation of a National Human Rights Commission and commissions of inquiry. lt has also created special units in the Attorney General's depaftment and the police deparlment to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of people who have "disappeared". ln 2001 it set up the Central Police Registry of arrests and a telephone hotline for relatives to locate those who have gone missing.

people have "disappeared" all over the world. The stories on this page illustrate the continuing widespread nature of "disappearances", the

Still, few security force personnel in Sri Lanka have been prosecuted for the illegal arrest, torture and killing of people who have "disappeared". Successful prosecutions have been obstructed by the fact that the police are mainly responsible for investigations, and are reluctant to gather evidence against their colleagues.

agony suffered by relatives, and some of the moves beino taken to address this issue.

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Furthermore, members of the government in Sri Lanka have put pressure on the Attorney General's department not to proceed with investigations and prosecutions. Meanwhile, the government has still not passed a law making "disappearances" a punishable criminal offence.

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Bill to criminalise'disappearances' proposed Mexico

Years after their relatives "disappeared", hundreds of lndian families still do not know what happened to them. Without effective legal redress, families continue to experience frustration and helplessness as well as grief. The UN Human Rights Committee considers that the suffering by relatives of those who have "disappeared" can amount to torture or ill-treatment.

Over the last 30 years, Guerrero State has seen more "disappearances" at the hands of state authorities than any other state in Mexico. ln a recent development, the governing state Congress has been considering a bill to criminalise "forced disappearances" to bring the state legislation in line with international human rights standards.

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Current legislation in Guerrero State prohibits the crime of Unlike other widows, wives of the "disappeared" often have problems with inheritance and property rights, and may be denied a widow's pension. The resulting poverty can often

lead to their children being denied adequate medical care and basic education. ln lndia, "disappearances" have mainly taken place in states where there have been secession movements. Thousands of people, for instance, "disappeared" at the hands of the security forces during a period of armed insurgency in the Punjab between 1983 and 1994.

According to the Jammu and Kashmir government, around 3,T50 "disappearances" have taken place in the state since the outbreak of armed militancy in 1989. Despite hundreds

of families pursuing habeas corpus and other petitions through the courts, only a handful of cases have been resolved. For more than a decade, Al has been urging the government of lndia to ensure that those responsible for "disappearances" face justice for their crimes.

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Relatives of people who have "disappeared" such as Faustino Jiménez Alvarez,last seen on 17 June 2001 when five police officers dragged him out of his house, remain in perpetual distress, receiving neither justice nor redress.

The "Bill of Law to prevent and eradicate the forced disappearance of persons in Guerrero State" was proposed by local non-governmental organisations and the State Human Rights Commission. lt would be a key mechanism for pre-

venting and punishing those responsible for this crime in Guerrero, and would set an important precedent in Mexico.

Howeve¡ the bill is not suppofted by the congressional Justice Commission, which must give its approval before the bill can be put to a vote in the Guerrero Congress.

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Al is also concerned that members of Guerrero's Congress have failed to commit themselves to a specific timetable to vote on the bill.

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New UN treaty set to combat 'disappearances' worldwide

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On a more optimistic note, after more than two decades of campaigngrouP ing by relatives and human ged with 4 t from in Geneva mãeting ces"' drafting an international tre draft text circulated in June contains many innovative features. The se of oppodanger is that some of these " says Marsition by states which oppos at Amnesty tin Macpherson, Director of

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Al is calling on all governments to support the speedy adoption of a strong treaty, which would help human rights workers and victims' relatives in their efforts to combat "disappearances" worldwide'

The current draft provides that no one shall be subiected to "enforced disappearance", and that victims and their relatives have a right to the truth regarding this matter.

a soecific crime of "enStates must investigate arance" and bring those PerPetrators from other countries present in their territory.

states must also establish preventive safeguards for people in custody.

They must provide for an urgent judicial remedy which relatives can invoke to discover victims' whereabouts and ensure their well-being. states would be required to make reparation to the victims, and to take remedial measures regarding children of those who have "disappeared".

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People must not be forcibly returned to a country where they are at risk of "disappearing".

An international expert monitoring body will have the power to search for those who have "disappeared" in states party to the treaty, and to hear complaints from individuals alleging that their rights under the treaty have been violated.

As Mr. Macpherson comments, "Less than 50 years ago, people were not internationally protected f rom torture, but in 1984 the uN adopted an international convention against Torture. The importance of this legal instrument in the fight against torlure is now widely recognised. lt

is now time for governments to take concrete action against

'disappearances' by adopting a similar treaty against this egregious form of human rights violation."

HR 6 www.amnesty.org.hk

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Child in KalmaIDPcan-rp nealNvala flit:ú.', ¿rtu ¡9 i,a1r.ra ^4f5¡i5i[\i1-4. O Erel¡,n Hockstein/Pc¡l¿ris The picÍure i.s one of cli.stress of people y'hr¡se live.s and lit,eliltoocl hctve bee¡t elestroyerl, clenial of respon.sibili^' bt' rlrc

The Al delegates visited displaced

e s e gov e n1m en t cut d di s crp¡t o i ttlnrcnt ot îhe sLov, progress lo resolt,e thi.g

ror image" accounts of killings and of

"The UN must persuade the Govern-

rapes.

ment of Sudan to abandon this concept and instead put its weight behind the already agreed Plan of Action to enhance

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people from nomadic tribes now in Musai carp near Nyala, where they heard "mir-

arn.ils.

An Amnesty lnternational delegation headed by Secretary General lrene Khan visited Dadur Írom 14-21September 2004.The visit confirmed Al's earlier analysis of attacks on villages by government supported Janjawid militia, in some cases backed by the Sudanese

"People are still being uprooted from their homes by fighting as well as by deIiberate attacks on civiIians," stated BiII

Schulz, Al USA Executive Director, describing the recent arrival of 3,000 refugees at Kalma camp.

ing as a disincentive for restoring security elsewhere.

safety throughout Darfur by stopping violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, respecting the ceasefire, disarming and disbanding the

militia, and ending impunity."

armed forces, the killing of civilians, and the looting and burning of homes.

the number of police in Dadur, Al noted that they were not properly equipped.

Al welcomed the request by the United Nations Security Council for the rapid establishment of an independent lnter-

The delegation heard first hand accounts of atrocities from those in camps and villages in western and southern Dadur

Also, displaced persons said that police did not investigate their complaints and that some Janjawid had been absorbed into the police and government militia.

national Commission of lnquiry to investigate war crimes and crimes against humanity and establish whether genocide has taken olace.

"Because of rampant insecurity and the failure to address past abuses, those

The delegation concluded that the situation remains precarious. "The region does not have the infrastructure to al-

and saw villages either burnt to the ground or abandoned.

Two women described how, in February 2004, their village in western Dadur was attacked, leaving some 130 dead.

So many men had been killed that the women buried as many of the dead as they could before nightfall, placing the rest of the bodies in a shelter. But the Janjawid returned in the night to burn those bodies.

Although the government had increased

who have suffered say they do not trust the government. They say they don't feel

low a humanitarian ooeration of this

safe in the camps... [and] they do not feel safe enough to return to their

scale to be run for a long period of time.

villages," said Samkelo Mokhine, Chair of Al South Africa.

international assistance and attention drops, there is still a possibility that the crisis could turn into a catastroohe."

lf displacement continues, access is lost,

The Al delegation also found that the Government "safe areas" were not oroviding real safety, but instead were actHR 7 www.amnesty.org.hk

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Amnesty An international Commission of lnquiry to be established imme diately to examine evidence oT

Rape as a weapon of war in DaÉur

war crimes, crimes against humanity and other violations of international humanitarian law including rape, as well as allega tions of genocide.

The perpetrators of attacks on civilians, including sexual vlo lence against women, to be brought to justice in trials that meet international standards of fairness.

"Some 15 women and girls were raped in different huts in the village. The Janjawid broke the limbs of some women and girls to prevent them from escaping. "

"Five to six men would rape us, one after the other, for hours during six days, every night. My husband could not forgive me after this, he disowned me."

a

The report, based on hundreds of

Amnesty lnternational's global campaign to Stop Violence Against Women is working to end human rights violations against women in Sudan. However, to strengthen the human rights situation now in Dadur, a comprehensive approach to the situation in the whole of Sudan is needed. lmpunity for grave human rights violations, the lack of freedom

testimonies, reveals how women and girls

of expression or association, harsh condi-

as young as eight are being raped, abducted

tions of detention, unfair trials and an

and forced into sexual slavery by the

unreformed judiciary as well as the use of militias to kill and displace civilians, and arms oroliferation - all are issues that need to be urgently addressed throughout Sudan.

Describing the systematic violence against women, Al's report, Rape as a weapon of war, concludes that the mass rapes in Dadur are war crimes and crimes against humanity and that little is being done to stop them.

Janjawid.

Despite promises by the Sudanese government to disarm the Janjawid there is still no

AIHKts act¡on on DaÉur In light of the massive women's human rights abuses in Darfur,

an

e-mail petition

was started in July and signatures for a letter to the Sudanese President were also collected from passers-by at the Tsim Sha Tsui Star Ferry pier on August 15. Your heþ is

still

needed in putting more pressure onto

fulfill its obligations to protect the human rights of the Sudanese government to

women. Please write to the President to express your concern and e-mail the letter to us at (ai-svaw@yahoo.com.hk) so that we

protection for women and girls. lndeed, in almost all attacks recorded by Al, the

To read the full reooft and see the video of

can send the letter to the Sudan representa-

lrene Khan in Drafur, visit: http:iiweb.

Sudanese army w¿F either directly involved in or witnessed the atrocities.

tive in Beijing.

amnesty.org/pages/sdn-index-en g To find out what you can do, visit: http://web. amnesty.o rg/pages/sdn-toolkit-en g

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"The suffering and abuse endured by these women goes far beyond the actual rape.

Rape has a devastating and ongoing impact on the health of women and girls and suruivors now face a lifetime of stigma and marginalisation from their own families and communities," says the repoft.

The report concludes that'Women and girls are being attacked, not only to dehumanize the women themselves but also to humiliate,

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women and to persecute the community to which

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Amnesty lnternational is calling for: o Trained medical professionals to be sent immediately to care for

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SUTVIVOTS

All parlies to the conflict to stop and publicly condemn the use of rape as a weapon of war and to

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The Janjawid militia to be dis armed and disbanded and placed in a position where they may no longer attack the civilian population.

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Amnesty llir,roa-LESTE:

in action Ftvr

YEARS ON, INDONESIA STILL DENIES JUSTICE TO VICTIMS OF

SEXUAL VIOLENCE , "*

Take action!

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Please send appeals immediately to the governments of the US and the UK, asking them to act in their capacity as per-

manent members of the UN Security Council.

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Graffiti on a wall in R ffi T{,Effi EJ IÍ. â

Manatuto, or-Leste - ffiffi LHÈ E F[{ AË oAr

Five years ago, the population of Timor-Leste

(East Timor) voted in a UN-organized ballot for indeoendence from lndonesia. ln the runup to the ballot and immediately afterwards, the lndonesian security forces and lndonesia-

backed militia groups opposed to independence embarked on a campaign of murder, destruction and intimidation. Around 1,400 people were killed, an unknown number tortured, and women were raped and subjected to other forms of sexual violence.

The violations were so wide-spread and systematic that they are considered to be crimes against humanity, and over 350 people have so far been indicted in a UN-backed justice orocess in ïmor-Leste. Some 280 of them are believed to be at large in lndonesia. However, lndonesia has investigated just five cases and brought only 18 people to trial, and has failed to hold accountable a single member of the security forces for the human rights violations committed during this period.

Among the hundreds of cases not investigated in lndonesia is the raoe of three women in Lolotoe Sub-district. ln llmor-Leste, three men

have been sentenced to terms of imprisonment in connection with this case. However, two remaining suspects, an lndonesian military officer and a militia member, are believed to be in lndonesia. lndonesia has refused to transfer them and around 280 others to TimorLeste to stand trial.

Because of lndonesia's failure to ensure that

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cal liberty and rape in Lolotoe Sub-d¡strict, T¡mor-Leste, are

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believed to be among around 280 persons indicted for

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mission of Experts to ensure justice for the three women in Lolotoe Sub-district, and the hundreds of other victims of human rights violations in I rmor-Leste in 1999.

to make recommendations for an effective judicial process to br¡ng to justice the perpetrators of crimes against humanity and other serious crimes The victims of sexual violence. tofture. and murder have been denied justice for five years. Please help them to find it Yours sincerely,

(Name and signature) <

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crimes against human¡ty ¡n Timor-Leste who are at large ¡n lndonesia.

Given the failure of Indonesia to bring the perpetrators to just¡ce and the limitattons of the process in TimorLeste, including lndonesia's failure to cooperate with it, I urge you to suppoñ the establishment of an lnternational Commission of Experls to review the processes so far and

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members of its security forces are held accountable, Amnesty lnternational is calling on the UN to establish an lnternational Com-

I am writing to express my concern about the fatlure to bring to justice the perpetrators of crimes against humanity and other serious crimes in Timor-Leste in 1999 Trials in lndonesia have been so lÌmited and flawed that ne¡ther truth nor justice has emerged Two suspects indicted for crimes against humanity including imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physi-

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Colin L.

Powell State

Secretary of

U.S. Department of

State

NW Washington, DC 20520 United States 2201 C

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Fax: (+1) 2O2261 8577

The Honorable (Ret) Jack Straw Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs King Charles Street London SWl A 2AH United Kinodom

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Amnesty lnternational, Oxfam and the lnter-

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national Action Network on Small Arms

of countries with the highest defence burden rank among

(IANSA) have launched a campaign calling for a global Arms Trade Treaty, and for local

action to Þrotect civilians from armed violence.

According to the campaign report, the arms trade is dangerously unregulated, allowing weapons to reach repressive governments

and criminals. Arms oroliferation fuels human rights violations, poverty and conflict.

Every minute, someone is killed by armed violence, and many more people suffer se-

Nearly hal'f (42 per cent)

the lowest in

human

development. For example, Eritrea spends more than 20 per cent of its GDP on defence. ln Af rica, economic

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losses due to war are about $15 billion per year.

For more information www.controlarms.org

rious injury.

National arms export controls are riddled with loopholes. The availability of arms triggers conflicts and prolongs wars once they break out. Conflict and armed crime orevent aid from reaching those who need it, and often leads to the denial of health care and education.

The 11 September 2001 attacks and the resulting "war on terror" have fuelled weapons proliferation and arms exports, parlicularly by the United States and Britain, to newfound allies such as Pakistan and lndonesia, regardless of human rights or development concerns.

"Each year, hundreds of thousands of people are unlawfully killed, tortured, raped and dis-

placed through the misuse of arms," said lrene Khan, Secretary General of Amnesty lnternational.

"With the 'war on terror' dominating the international agenda, there should be renewed interest in arms control. Yet the reverse has

occurred. The vicious circle of arms transfers, conflict and abuse can and must be stopped." ln addition to an Arms Trade Treaty, the campaign is calling for:

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Governments to develoo and

strengthen regional arms control.

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Governments to rigorously control

national arms exports and dealers, and do more to prevent law enforcers misusing their weæons, and to protect citizens from armed

violence.

.

Local authorities and community lead-

ers to help improve safety at a community level by developing projects to reduce the local availability and demand for arms.

The Human Cost

.

There are 300,000 child soldiers involved in conflicts.

o Women and girls are raped at gunpoint during armed conflict - for example, 15,700 in Rwanda and 25,000 in Croatia and Bosnia.

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Amnesty

in action

Join the "Million Faces" There are around 639 million small arms and light weapons in the world today. Eight million more are produced every year. Without strict control, such weapons will continue to fuel violent conflict, state repression, crime, and domestic abuse.

The "Million Faces" petition is a new way of campaigning. We are collecting photos and selfportraits of people all around the world to demonstrate to governments that we need effective and urgent action to control the arms trade crisis.

Our aim is to collect one million faces by 2006 as a powerful visual message of support for the Control Arms campaign. We will then use this mass movement of people to persuade the world's governments to sign up to a global Arms Trade Treaty. With your help, it will be the world's biggest popular movement against the misuse of arms.

Join it online at http://www.controlarms.org/million faces/

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is lhe must-know document for when vou talk about human rights. Here are 5 questions to test your basic knowledge of the declaration.

Are you ready?

1.

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights passed and adopted?

2.

Which UN body passed and adopted the declaration?

3.

How many members were there on the drafting committee for the declaration?

4.

5.

Please

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The Death Penalty Group held an event on 10 October 2004 To commemorate World Day Against the Death Penalty. The day is aimed at forging solidarity between the many

groups working towards abolition and is a focus for awareness raising and campaigning around the world. AIHK leafleted and collected signatures for two petitions in Central as oaft of the event.

Five countries are known to have executed juvenile offenders this century, although only the USAopenly admits to and claims the right to execute offenders under eiqhteen at the time of the offence.

The first petition calls on the governments of the five countries - the USA, China,

Pakistan, lran and the Democratic Republic of the Congo - to stop these executions.

Although in 1997 China amended its criminal law to abolish the death penalty for defendants who were under eighteen at the time of the offence, there have since been cases of juveniles facing the death penalty.

The second petition therefore calls on the Chinese authorities to respect the law and make every efforl to ascertain the age of offenders where there is doubt.

The winning photographs of this year's Hum¿n Rigitts Pless Alarcls

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The petitions are ongoing and can still be signed. lf you are interested in signing them or joining this vibrant and active group of AIHK members then olease contact Liz at lizwhite@netvigator.com or Dominique at melody_chaussant @ yahoo.com. hk

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Schools: We received 17 invitations for talks and 6 workshops before the new academic year

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Since the Children's Edition Urgent Actions (CEUA) were launched last year, 43 secondary schools have registered with the seruice.

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current convening organisation, has decided

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letters. Currently, CEUA cases are sent

to host a competition for students which incorporates human rights issues into their project learning. The theme this year is ar-

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Basic Human Rights, Discrimination, the Death Penalty and Women's Rights.

the usual carnival-style celebrations, the Preparatory Committee, which is AIHK's

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started. For these talks and workshops, the coverage of human rights issues includes

Human Rights Day:

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bitrary detention.

Exhibition: The winning photographs of this yeafs Human Rights Press Awards will be exhibited outside the communal area of the Rayson Huang Theatre, the University of Hong Kong, from 25 to 30 October 2004.

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Call for nominations

æ€0+ffi The AIHK Nominating Committee is now seeking nominations for Execu-

tive Committee (Exco) members for 2005. AIHK needs committed, energetic and knowledgeable members to

join the organization's leadership.

AIHK is undergoing major changes and growth and we need leaders with

diverse skill sets to help guide the organization into the future.

The Malaysia Group invited Malaysian human rights defender lrene Fernandez to give

a talk about human rights and freedom of expression in Malaysia on 4 September 2004. lrene was convicted of "maliciously spreading false news" under Malaysia's restrictive Printing Press and Publications Law for exposing human rights violations occurring in detention camps for undocumented migrants in Malaysia and sentenced to one year's imprisonment in October 2003. She is currently on bail and waiting for an appeal date. lrene gave an inspiring speech in which she linked the human rights violations suffered by undocumented migrant workers to the larger issues of corruption, globalisation

Exco members will be elected from nominations at the AIHK Annual General Meeting scheduled for 13 December 2004. lf you are interested in join-

ing this dynamic leadership group please submit:

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The AIHK Lawyers'Group provides legal practitioners interested in international human rights with an oppofiunity to come together. Members' interests

span a broad range of human rights issues. Most recently the group has participated in a worldwide campaign to pressure the US government to abolish

the death penalty for children. ln the coming months, the group will be analyzing the anti-race discrimination legislation proposed by the HKSAR government. Group members assist other arms of AIHK when a lawyer's perspective is needed. The group continues to grow, and interested individuals are encouraged to learn more by contacting Melissa K Neher at adminhk@amnesty.org.

your current CV/Resume;

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and the lack of freedom of exoression in

a covering letter signed by you and at least one other current AIHK member stating: * why you wish to join AIHK's Executive Committee; and your experience in human * rights work and in governing not-for-

Malaysia.

profit organizations.

The Malaysia Group campaigns against repressive laws, such as the lnternal Security Act (lSA), which allows detention for long periods without charge or trial and the Printing Press and Publications Act (PPPA), which effectively stifles freedom of expression in Malaysia. We campaign on behalf of

individuals who suffer human rights violations as a result of these laws. We also campaign against police brutality and for the basic human rights of undocumented migrants and asylum seekers in Malaysia to be resoected.

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gally" or have their families torn apart. For most, leaving the country altogether is simply not an option.

r "At the lnterior Ministry they told me to either get divorced or to go

live in the West Bank," said Salwa Abu Jaber, 29, from northern lsrael. Speaking to Al, she explained how her husband, Mahmoud al-Hader of Jenin, was repeatedly refused "family unification" - the authorization required of all Palestinians wishing to join their families in lsrael. Faced with little choice, Mahmoud al-Hader has been forced to live illegally in lsrael with his wife and their children. As a result, says Abu Jaber, "my husband is like a prisoner here; he can-

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not go anywhere for fear of being arrested and expelled again".

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The law has been condemned at the international level as a form of institutionalized racism because it discriminates against a group of people on the basis of their ethnicity and nationality. Given that it is mostly lsraeli Arabs who marry Palestinians from the Occupied Territories, the law has a dispropotlion-

ate impact on them.

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First introduced in July 2003, the law is just one a"nong many existing regulations and practices which discriminate against Palestinians in lsrael and the Occupied Territories, These include the Entry into lsrael Law and the Law of Return which automatically give Jews from anywhere in the world the right to become lsraeli citizens and live in lsrael or the Occupied Territories. At the same time, they deny the right to return to Palestinian refugees who were displaced or expelled during the creation of lsrael in 1948 and subsequent conflicts. The Citizenship and Entry into lsrael Law represents a fudher step in consolidating lsrael's policy of limiting the number of Palestinians who are permitted to live in the country.

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The lsraeli government has claimed that it is acting in the interests of national

LlÉrt)rkÈþÉ.fF Ë+tt¡iË Æi @^ä-ÈÉ!fLJâ fi+f6lrR É lt f I ãã tE Êt # h e-úäê Ei Ê P;', ât E+frËi lE l+ Ê E ^ ^ & hZ E ttã I{\ " 2,* m Ë Tt É! Ef Nt 4r L\ é., É! Ètj E & Ê Ë ;+ ;ffi^ = 20% E | ¡ É!ESl*Eã )Ë " EH¡HÍ}E^lå Uþ.il ^Affi.ÊfilFlRtZÈ. " ^= úttt}EHE+ F,ÎfãElÉ!Ë^tIÉ!îiô'

security, arguing that fewer Palestinians in the country would lessen the threat of violence and attacks carried out by them. However, these claims collapse in the face of comments made by lsraeli ministers and officials describing the Palestinians - who accounlfor 20 per cent of the population in lsrael - as a "demographic threat". When the law was proposed it was the demographic argument that was emphasized, not security considerations. ln early July, Al reiterated its call for a repeal of the law, recommending that applications for family unification be processed according to non-discriminatory principles. Al has condemned the law not only for its discriminatory nature, but for its denial of the fundamental right to family life. Under ìnternational human rights law, lsrael has a duty to protect the rights of the family, but in practice this obligation has not been extended to its Palestinian citizens.

111

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t sweet r+ 'For the first time in over a decade, I have taken my first sweet breaths of freedom and democracy... From the bottom of my heart I thank [you]...' Following his recent arrival in Sweden from Viet Nam after years of persecution, Thich Tri Luc, a Vietnamese Buddhist dissident. has thanked all those who worked on his behalf, including Al. Thich Tri Luc, 50, a member of the non-state sanctioned Unified Buddhist Church, was arrested and imprisoned on several occasions before he fled to Cambodia in 2OO2 and was granted refugee status by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. ln July 2002,Thich Tri Luc was walking near Russey

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Market in Pnomh Penh, Cambodia, when he was accosted, beaten and thrown into a waiting vehicle.

The next day he was taken across the border to Viet Nam, the country he had fled earlier that year. For more than ayeæ he remained "disappeared" - his family did not know where he w€ts or if he was still alive. Fears that he had been detained by Vietnam-

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Thich Tri Luc was charged with "fleeing abroad or defecting to stay overseas with a view to opposlng the people's administration" and sentenced to 20 months' imprisonment. He was finally released in

I' Thich Tri Luc (right) leads a funeral procession Thich Tri Luc ( Ë >#iÉ-

March 2004.

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Ë.ñã Werld: Child rs¡tt:ieutir:¡ùs n¡t 'tir{ì ttuzg r:üt âl;k : Æ)^t¿-Ëâ!lôf )å=+iioúR The US Supreme Coud has the oppor.tunity to consign the execution of child offenders to history and bring the USA into line with the vast majority of countries that have already done so, said Amnesty lnternational as it published a new report on the issue in September.

The US Supreme Court will hear oral arguments on 13 October. lts decision on the constitutionality of the death penalty against 16 and 17-yearold offenders is expected in the first half of 2005 "Such executions violate international law. The international consensus against putting people to death for crimes committed when they were children reflects the widespread recognition of the capacity of young people for growth and change," said Amnesty lnternational.

"The life of a child should never be written off, what-

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ever he or she has done. The guiding principle must be to maximize the child offender's potential for eventual successful reintegration into society. Execution is the ultimate denial of this principle."

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Since 2003, six people were executed in China, lran and the USA, for crimes committed when they were children. Other convicted child offenders remain under sentence of death in Pakistan, the Philippines and Sudan.

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"The life of a child should never be written off, whatever he or she has done. The guiding principle must be to maximize the child offender's potential for eventual successful reintegration into society. Execution is the ultimate denial of this principle." said Amnesty lnternational.

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Scott Allen Hain was executed in the USA on 3 Aoril 2003 for a crime committed when he was only 17. Since then several executions of child offenders have been stayed pending the outcome of the Supreme Court

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deliberations.

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The USA is the only country which openly acknowledges executing child offenders and claims for itself the right to do so under international law.

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ln China, although by law no one should be executed for a crime committed when they were under 18, children have continued to be executed because the courts apparently do not take sufficient care to determine their age.

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Gao Pan, was executed on 8 March 2004 lor a crime committed on 9 August 2001 , possibly before he was 18 years old. Conflicting information on official documents and the use of different calendar svstems had lead to confusion over his true age. ln an attempt to prove that Gao was 18 years old at the time of the crime, the state prosecutor provided a household registration document signed

by Gao's grandfather, which on further examination was repoftedly proven false.

Hebei Province High People's Court rejected 32 items of evidence provided by Gao's lawyer supporting the claim that he was not yet 18 years old at the time of the crime. The court also rejected a request made by Gao's family to carry out a medical check which might have helped to clarify his age.

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on a street in the city centre of Neka, northern lranian province of

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Mazandaran for "acts incompatible with chastity".

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Ateqeh Rajabi was sentenced to death three month earlier. During her

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trial she was not allowed legal representation and the judge severely criticized her dress, harshly reprimanding her. lt is alleged that Ateqeh Rajabi

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Although Ateqeh Rajabi's national identity card stated that she was 16 years old, the Mazandaran Judiciary announced at her execution that her

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For a copy of the repoft: "Stop Child Executions! Ending the death penalty for child offenders", please see: http://web.amnesty.org llibrary/index/

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2004

age was 22.

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ln lran 16-year-old Ateqeh Rajabi, was publicly hanged on 15 August 2004

was mentally ill both at the time of her crime and during her trial

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HR 17 www.amnesty.org.hk

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ndonesia: Amnesty I nternational condemns Jakarta bomb attack FF F¿ : E H4+fift lEf*I;iËËäË il iÊ I

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Attacks on civilians can never be justified and are prohibited by international law. Amnesty lnterna-

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tional calls for the perpetrators to be brought

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The organization extends its deepest sympathy

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Mustasidin Maming, (above) a mobile phone

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shop owner, and his assistant Wae-esor Masaeng, have not been seen since 11 February. Eyewitnesses report that they

trþ.1þ' H Ê7+Èß 1^ rbtrË tbE tt lñ 'l5tÉhÍ+ . )ft {EMustasidin Maming ft Wae-esor

suspected to be linked to security forces, who were driving a red pick-up truck without licence olates.

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to the victims many of whom are lndonesian and to their families and friends.

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Narathiwat is one of Thailand's southern-

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most provinces, where authorities have declared martial law in some districts after violent unrest escalated at the beginning of the year. lt is not known why Mustasidin Maming

Wae-eso

and Wae-esor Masaeng "disappeared".

a\fr

"disappeared" in 2003 and2004 in the south of Thailand. Fears for the safety of those who are believed to have "disappeared" in the custody of the police or army have been heightened by reports of torture and ill{reatment by army and police of detainees sus-

promptly to justice in proceedings that meet international standards.

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At least 10 people are suspected to have

Embassy in Jakarta, lndonesia.

l0 âf!Narathiwat É!Rangae ñrE+E' l\¡ustas id in Ê!lef [fJìEr&íil+Ê! . HËlúft E+

were abducted at 4.1Opm near Mustasidin's shop in the market in Rangae, Narathiwat.

They were taken away by a group of men

zTF'H#EË Amnesty lnternational strongly condemns the grh September's bomb attack outs¡de the Australian

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pected of involvement in violent unrest.

{=l+ãËä Send appeals to:

Please write, expressing concern that

Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra Office of the Prime Minister Government House Pitsanulok Road Dusit Bangkok 10300 Thailand Fax: +66 2 282 8631 E-mail : Thaksin @ thaigov.go.th

Mustasidin Maming and Wae-esor Masaeng

are suspected to have "disappeared" after

being abducted by members of security forces and urging that their whereabouts be made known and their well-being assured.

Call on the authorities to independently in-

vestigate reports of all other "disappearances" in the south of Thailand; to clarify the whereabouts of those "disappeared"; and to suspend from active duÇ any member of the security forces suspected of involvement in "disappearances" pending the result of the

investigation, and to bring any suspected

.

Laos: Military atrocities against Hmong children are war crimes

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Amnesty lnternational is horrified by recent reports, including video evidence and witness testimony, of an aüack by Lao soldiers against a group of five children, four of them girls, in the Xaisomboune military zone on 19 May 2004.

The children, aged between 13 and 16 years old and pad of an ethnic Hmong rebel group, were brutally mutilated the girls apparently raped

-

before being killed by a group of approximately 30-40 soldiers ïhe victims four girls, Mao Lee,

-

14',her sister Chao Lee, 16; Chi Her, 14; Pang Lor, 14: and Tou Lor, Pang Lor's 15 year old brother were killed whilst foraging for food close to their camp. They were unarmed.

-

The attacks violate the most fundamental principles of international human rights and humanitarian law. These rapes and killings constitute war crimes. The Lao authorities must bring to justice those responsible for this atrocity and cease attacks on unarmed civilians.

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perpetrators to justice,

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4. Austlalia, Chile. China, France, Lebanolt. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kin-eclom and the United States of America

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Yrsl I wANT To suppoRT AMNESTv INTERNATIoNAL's HUMAN RIGHTS WORI( MONTHLY

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AIHK warmly welcomes the release of former Malaysian Deputy Prime MinisterAnwar lbrahim on 2 September 2004. Al believes that Anwar lbrahim was arrested and detained on account of his peaceful dissenting political activities and the challenge he posed to government leaders. The organization was gravely concerned that his trial was deeply flawed and is delighted that Malaysia's highest court, the Federal Court, has now quashed the conviction for sodomy and ordered his release. Al believes that the judiciary must continue to assefi its independence from the executive and to protect the rights of individual Malaysians.

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2005 Calendar: HK$80 (non-membe0 / HK$70 (member special) per book Christmas cards: HK$gO (non-member) / HK$25 (member special) per pack of 5 cards

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