Railway Station

!

Railway Station Kurdistan . Erbil

Index Chapter 1 . Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Definitions Historical Review Project Goals The Reasons of Selecting this Project 1.5 Beneficiaries of The Project

Chapter 4 . Spaces Program 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Capacity Calculating Space Components Code & Standard Applications Platforms

Chapter 5 . Structure Chapter 2 . Similar Projects 2.1 High Speed Villena Station 2.2 AAE Station

Chapter 3 . Site Analysis 3.1 Location 3.2 Analysis of site

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2.1 What’s Structure

Index

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Introduction

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Definitions Historical Review Project Goals The Reasons of Selecting this Project 1.5 Beneficiaries of The Project

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Introduction 1.1 Definitions

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A train station or railway station (also called a railroad station, rail station, or depot) is a place where passengers can get on and off trains and/or goods may be loaded or unloaded.

Early stations were usually built to handle passengers and goods. Today, goods are usually only unloaded at big stations. Stations are next to a railway line, or they are the terminus for a route.

Usually there are platforms to let passengers get on and off the train easily and safely. Many stations have things such as shelters, ticket sales and benches.

The busiest railway station in the world is Shinjuku Station in Tokyo, Japan. The largest station is Nagoya Station in Nagoya, Japan. The busiest station in Europe is Clapham Junction in south London in the United Kingdom. At peak times, there is one train every 13 seconds there.

Introduction 1.2 Historical Review The world's first recorded railway station was The Mount on the Oystermouth Railway (later to be known as the Swansea and Mumbles) in Swansea, Wales, which began passenger service in 1807, although the trains were horsedrawn rather than by locomotives.

The two-storey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, which survives as a museum, first saw passenger service as the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on 22 May 1830.

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Introduction 1.2 Historical Review railway station in Liverpool, built in 1830, on the Liverpool to Manchester line. As the first train on the Liverpool-Manchester line left Liverpool the station is slightly older than the Manchester terminal at Liverpool Road. The station was the first to incorporate a train shed. The station was demolished in 1836 as the Liverpool terminal station moved to Lime Street railway station. Crown Street station was converted to a goods station terminal.

Many stations date from the 19th century and reflect the grandiose architecture of the time, lending prestige to the city as well as to railway operations. Countries where railways arrived later may still have such architecture, as later stations often imitated 19th-century styles. Various forms of architecture have been used in the construction of stations, from those boasting grand, intricate, Baroque-style or Gothic-style edifices, to plainer utilitarian or modernist styles. Stations in Europe tended to follow British designs and were in some countries, like Italy, financed by British railway companies

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Introduction 1.3 Project Goals 1. Traffic Solving To reduce crowding in different sectors of Erbil city.

2. Time To save people time during transportation and provide fast and efficient passenger flow.

3. Sustainability To reduces air pollution and energy consumption rates as a way to reach sustainability, Usage of natural light in order to provide healthy communities and a sustainable natural environment by meeting the needs of the present.

5. Social Interaction To develop attractive, efficient and reliable public transport in Erbil city and gathering people in order to achieve social interaction.

6. Safety To ensure the safety and security of passengers.

7. Connectivity To be located as near the surface as possible, so that access from the street to the platforms could be easy and direct.

8. Spaciousness To Achieving greater visibility.

4. Economy To enhance the region’s economic potential through increased mobility.

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Introduction 1.4 The Reasons of Selecting this Project Nowadays millions of people use the nation’s railway stations every day. Towns and cities have often developed around them, placing railway stations in the heart of many communities. The station can often help to provide an identity or symbol for the town or city; it can act as a point of reference as well as a civic amenity for people who want to use the station’s facilities, whether they are traveling or not.

Done well, their design and operation helps to facilitate the success of the national rail network. A successful railway station will add to the passenger experience as well as support the economic, social and environmental benefits of rail.

Their effective integration with other modes of transport and the surrounding area can provide for an end-to-end journey experience that makes sustainable public transport a real alternative to private vehicle usage.

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1.5 Beneficiaries of The Project 1. The community.

2. The visitors to Erbil city.

3. Ministries of transportation.

4. Tourism and trade.

Index

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Similar Projects

2.1 High Speed Villena Station 2.2 Manukau Station

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Similar Projects 2.1 High Speed Villena Station

Architects Location Site Area Building Area

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: : : :

COOTAR Villena, Alicante, Spain 20 000 msq 8000 msq

Similar Projects Villena station is located in the Levante Highspeed line, 60 kilometers from Alicante, serving to an environment from industrial and agricultural region of the Vinalopo. In a rural environment, arises from the outset as an icon of sustainability within the system of ADIF high speed train stations The concepts used are mainly three, deck truss , systems integration and optimization of energy collection systems consumption.

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Similar Projects 2.1.1 Site Plan

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Similar Projects 2.1.2 Ground Floor Plan

1

5 6

1 2

3

4

7 8

1 . Entrance 5 . Commercial

2 . Ticketing offices 3 . Waiting hall 6 . Toilet 7 . access 8 . Platform

4 . Cafeteria

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Similar Projects 2.1.3 More Information

On the front cover of the station acts as double skin, promoting the solar control of internal premises.

On the station area is perforated allowing the cover to locate and hide and facilities have skylights to illuminate the lobby.

On the way , the overall cover an area of shade and protection to the traveler who is located on the platforms. This element will scale and drive to the station, that having underpass under way, disjointed into two bodies would otherwise be covered

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Similar Projects 2.1.4 Sections

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Similar Projects 2.1.5 Elevations

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Similar Projects 2.1.6 Module

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Similar Projects 2.1.7 Structure Details

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Similar Projects Analysis

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Similar Projects 2.2 AAE Station

Architects Location Site Area Building Area

: : : :

Sarah Wong Manchester 15 000 msq 6000 msq

Passenger Capacity : 1,904 p/d

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Similar Projects

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Similar Projects 2.2.1 Idea

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Similar Projects 2.2.2 Concept

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Similar Projects

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Similar Projects 2.2.3 Site Plan

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Similar Projects 2.2.4 Ground Floor Plan

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Similar Projects 2.2.5 First Floor Plan

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Similar Projects 2.2.6 Second Floor Plan

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Similar Projects 2.2.7 Elevations

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Similar Projects 2.2.8 Sections

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Similar Projects 2.2.9 Program

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Similar Projects 2.2.10 Construction

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Similar Projects 2.2.11 Environment & Structure

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Similar Projects Analysis

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Index

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Site Analysis

3.1 Location 3.2 Analysis of site

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Site Analysis 3.1 Location

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Iraq

Kurdistan

Capital

Area 438,317 km² Population 2012 31 million Coordinate 33°20′N 44°26′E

Area 390,000 km² Population 2012 6.2 million Coordinate 37°00′N 43°00′E

Area 15,074 km² Population 2013 1.6 million Coordinate 36°11′28″N 44°0′33″E

Erbil Urban life at Erbil (Hewlêr) can be dated back to at least 6000 BC, and it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Site Analysis 3.2 Analysis of site 3.2.1 Roads

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Site Analysis 3.2.2 Sun path

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Site Analysis 3.2.3 Wind

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Site Analysis Analysis

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Index

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Spaces Program

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Capacity Calculating Space Components Code & Standard Applications Platforms

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Spaces Program 4.1 Capacity Calculating 4.1.1 Erbil Population Analysis The population of Erbil city is estimated in (2013) as 1,635,081 people. The average annual increase of population of Erbil is about 3% per year, in other word, it is about 49,052 persons per year, where the inhabitants’ ratio at the urban areas is about 80% and the rest 20% are living in the countryside.

The estimated number of citizens determined by using the equation of population for future target year:

PTarget = PNow (1 + n×r) P2030 = P2013 (1 + n×r) = 1,635,081 (1 + 17×0.03) = 2,468,972 citizen

2013 2030 0

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500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

Spaces Program 4.1.2 Passenger Capacity of Similar Examples Station France (Alicante) Tokyo (Shinjuku) Toronto ( union ) Parise ( Gare du nord )

population passenger per the day 0.3 million (2012) 1,904 p/d 13.62 million (2014) 3,500,000 p/d 5.5 million (2013) 250,108 p/d 2.244 million (2014) 493,150 p/d

4.1.3 Design Capacity and Phasing

4.1.4 Tourists & Visitors

The Station shall be designed to meet the peak hour passenger volume based on the morning or evening arrival/departure of trains which shall not be less than 10% (ten percent) of the design daily passenger volume.

Average numbers of visitors to Erbil city in the year is 130.400 persons from: Directorate stay of Erbil region.

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Spaces Program 4.1.5 France ( Alicante ) Capacity Analysis for Resulting Erbil Railway Capacity Alicante

0.324 million

2,904 p/d

22,120 p/d Passenger /day

Erbil

2.468 million X

1,300 p/h Passenger /hours If the station 17 hours open

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Spaces Program 4.2 Space Components

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Spaces Program 4.2.1 Main Components Zone 1: Access and Interchange Zone 1 acts as a gateway between the station and its surrounding environment, and to station zones from station facilities within Zone 2 ensuring accessible, legible and safe navigation to, from and through the station.

For external movements, it is often necessary to consider those that extend beyond the physical boundary of the station through areas that may be managed by third party organizations.

Zone 1 designs should cater for the differing requirements of arriving and departing passengers.

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Spaces Program Zone 2: Core Facilities and Services It is within Zone 2 that the primary travel needs of passengers and station visitors are generally met, with the range of passenger information, services and facilities and their distribution and location being key to the planning of this Zone.

Key facilities - such as travel information, waiting areas, toilets, left luggage, retail and food and beverage - should follow a logical grouping based around the needs of the passenger and should be visible (or be clearly signed) from the point of access from adjacent zones. Sight of the Platform Zone can help the passenger judge the time that it will take to gain access to the platform.

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Spaces Program Zone 3: Platforms Access between Zone 2 and Zone 3 (platform) is often controlled by ticket checks, whether by manual inspection or Automatic Ticket Gates (ATGs). This threshold ensures that train access and egress can be managed safely and securely.

In some instances - where through platforms also act as waiting areas - the boundary between the Zones 2 and 3 may not be clearly defined. In these instances it is important that the quality of the service, facility and/or space is maintained such that the overall journey experience remains positive.

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Spaces Program 4.2.2 Detail Components

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Spaces Program 4.2.3 Functional Relations Proximity Matrix Adjacency Matrix is an in-depth look into how each space relates to the other within the building. The purpose of the matrix is to organize and link different activity areas together.

Main Spaces Relations Administrative office may be isolated from others or inserted among facilities in every area, but they have to be able to control all systems.

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Spaces Program Bubble Diagrams Scale bubble diagrams were then produced that showed these spaces with the desired area of each.

These diagrams slowly produced ideas the generated the original floor plans. These are shown below.

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Spaces Program 4.2.4 Access AREA per Persons The following charts outline the LOS requirements of various station elements.

In design of certain facilities, where J.J Fruin standards are not applicable International Aviation Transportation Association (IATA) standards shall apply.

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Spaces Program Circulation

Escalators

The key elements of the station’s normal passenger circulation system (excluding emergency egress) are:

All escalators shall be of the heavy-duty reversible type with a design maximum practical capacity of 90 persons per minute based on a service speed of 0.65 m/sec. The following requirements are given for general planning purposes:

• VCEs • Platforms • Control Gates • Passageways • Ticketing • Entrances/Exits • Arrival and Departure Concourses

•Inclination 30 degrees •Step speed 0.65 m/s •Step width (min) 1000 mm •Number of flat steps at upper landing 4 (min) •Number of flat steps at lower landing 4 (min)

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Spaces Program Elevators/Lifts

Ramps

The following design parameters are listed to facilitate initial station planning only. All dimensions shall be adjusted to suit the sizes of equipment and maintenance requirements:

Ramps shall only be used for small changes in level or for use by wheelchairs and the following gradients shall apply: •Preferred gradient •Maximum gradient

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1:20 1:12

Spaces Program

Stairs :

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Spaces Program 4.3 Code & Standard Applications

4.3.1 Parking Users

Standers (m²/p)

Net Area (m²)

No. of Spaces

Net Area (m²)

Staff Cars

50

25

1250

1

1250

0.5 % using individual cars

2

Public Cars

260

25

5000

1

5000

20% using public cars

3

Bicycle

13

1.70

22.1

2

44.2

1% using it

4

Taxi

50

25

1250

2

2500

0.5 % using individual cars

#

Space

1

Ʃ

Net Areas

8800

Circulation

3520

Gross Area

13820

13800 m²

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Note

40% for circulation added Total parking area of the project

Spaces Program 4.3.2 Main Lobby #

Space

Users

Standers (m²/p)

Net Area (m²)

No. of Spaces

Net Area (m²)

1

Entrance

1.7

2

700

2

Information Desk

0.9

1

36

3

Ticketing Offices

1.35

6

300

4

Ticket Queue

1.35

6

48

5

Baggage Room

0.99

1

530

6

Public W.Cs

1.5

4

50

Ʃ

Net Areas

1664

Circulation

500

Gross Area

2200

Note

30% for circulation and Structure added

2200 m²

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Spaces Program 4.3.3 Platforms Users

Standers (m²/p)

Net Area (m²)

No. of Spaces

Net Area (m²)

Waiting Hall

1300/2

0.64

480

2

960

2

Elevated Platform

1300/2

0.57

420

4

840

3

Route Ways

1300/2

0.43

320

2

640

#

Space

1

Ʃ

Net Areas

2440

Circulation

976

Gross Area

3416 3500 m²

58

Note

30% for circulation and Structure added

Spaces Program 4.3.4 Administration

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Spaces Program 4.3.5 Commercial

60

Spaces Program 4.3.6 Security

61

Spaces Program 4.3.7 Cofeeshop

62

Spaces Program 4.3.8 Services

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Spaces Program 4.3.9 Final Result

Final Result 23000 m²

#

Space

1

Parking

2

Main Lobby

2200 m²

3

Platforms

3500 m²

4

Administration

780 m²

5

Commercial

1040 m²

6

Security

200 m²

7

Cofeeshop

1780 m²

8

Services

400 m²

Ʃ

Total building area

23000 m² 64

Net Area (m²) 13800 m²

23000 m²

Spaces Program 4.4 Platform 1 . Center Platform Center platforms are preferred in most cases.

Center platforms are located between tracks; passengers board and alight from either side of the platform. In determining emergency egress capacity any platform that can serve as noted above will assume 2 trains discharging simultaneously see

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Spaces Program 2. Side Platform Side platforms provide access to trains along one side of the track. The passenger must decide between platforms based on their direction of travel prior to descending to platform level.

3. Stub Terminal Platform Stub terminal stations (e.g., Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai; Howrah Station) have center or side platforms (or combinations of both) at which the tracks dead-end, allowing passengers access from the dead-end of the platform(s). Pinched loop platforms have the advantages and disadvantages of center and side platform stations, depending on their configuration. They have the added advantage of high capacity ingress and egress from the platform end, making them particularly suitable for large passenger flows, special events, and end-of-line stations.

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Spaces Program 4 . Flow-Through Platform Flow-through platforms allow passengers to board and alight the train from dedicated platforms, thereby eliminating conflicting passenger flows. Flow-through platforms speed boarding and alighting and therefore reduce vehicle dwell time at the platform. Flow-through platforms are not typically used due to cost and operational considerations, but they may have applications where very high passenger volumes and/or unique passenger characteristics (e.g., a high percentage of passengers with bags) .

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Spaces Program 4.5 Standards

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Spaces Program 4.5 Standards

69

Spaces Program 4.5 Standards

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Spaces Program 4.5 Standards

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Spaces Program Analysis

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Index

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Structure

5.1 What’s Structure 5.2 example structural analysis

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Structure 5.1 What’s Structure 5.1.1 Definition Structure is the load-carrying part of all natural and man-made forms. It is the part which enables them to stand under their own weight and under the worst conditions of externally applied force1.

5.1.2 Types of Load •Dead load.

•Live load.

•Point load.

•Lateral load.

•Impact load.

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5.1.3 System Selections Factors •Function.

•Project Size.

•Cost.

•Location.

•Load.

•Technology.

•Resources.

•Code requirements

5.1.4 Structure Systems •Emergency Operation Mode (Design) •Smoke Control •Evacuation (Smoke-free, Time!)

•Fire-Fighting •Fire Operation •Heat Resistance •TVS, (TES in Station)

Structure 5.1.5 Structural Form

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