wayfinding research

YOU ARE HERE WAYFINDING RESEARCH Bramley Moore Dock (GR3331) A. George Hooper

GLOSSARY Annotated sketchbook: involves artist research study, reflection critical analysis and practical experimentation for various purposes such as exhibition ,websites ,books or original exploration by an artist.

Annotation is a way to clarify ideas and intention.

Caricatures: a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.

Caricaturistic: Grossly and comically exaggerated, like a caricature.

Connected to Caricature (Cartoons, political satire, exaggerated, farce, parody, imitation) Exaggerated: That has been described as greater than it actually is; abnormally increased or enlarged.

Almanac: An almanac is a book published every year which contains information about events connected with a particular subject or activity, and facts and statistics about that activity.

Book Jackets: book jacket (or cover) contains intimate details about the book Box set: a collection of items of the same type, packaged together for sale in a presentation box Spatial cognition: is concerned with the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments.

Cognitive psychology :is the branch of psychology that focuses on the way people process information.

It looks at how we process information we receive and how the treatment of this information leads to our responses. In other words, cognitive psychology is interested in what is happening within our minds that links stimulus (input) and response (output).

Wayfinding : can be defined as spatial problem solving. It is knowing where you are in a building or an environment, knowing where your desired location is, and knowing how to get there from your present location Packaging and labelling: involves the design and creation of a product’s container and how it looks to consumers who might purchase it

CONTENT 1. CARICATURE 2.“MILK” DESIGN PACKAGING 3.WAYFINDING SYSTEM 4.

WAYFINDING DESIGN : SITE MAPS

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CARICATURE

DEFINITION

Caricature is defined as a satirical, exaggerated portrayal of person.

Again, Lexico Oxford says the

George Cruikshank was a British Illustrator and caricaturist of the 1800s.

definition of caricature is “A

As an artist his style illustrated

picture, description, or imitation of

political caricatures and social

a person in which certain striking

satire. As it said “Cruikshank’s

characteristics are exaggerated

early work consisted mainly of

in order to create a comic or

caricatures and political satire. His

grotesque effect.”

This style “serves as a capsule version of editorial opinion when it makes political satire, and it is a running commentary on social change, sometimes intended as a corrective to social inertia.”(Ames W.)

favourite targets were the Royal family and leading politicians of the time. His satirical attacks on the Royal Family were so savage, that it is said that King George paid him a large sum not to caricature him. ”

Him as many artists use caricature to give political awareness or even social causes. An example is “The Demon Alcohol “ by George Cruikshank a campaign to ban alcohol.

BRAIN STORM

THOMAS ROWLANDSON

THOMAS ROWLANDSON

PAST ARTIST PAUL HOGARTH

SAUL STEINBERG

STEVE BRODNER

STEVE BELL

PRESENT ARTIST JOE BLUHM

TOM RICHMOND

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PACKAGING DESIGN DEFINITION

Packaging design can be seen as “the process of enclosing a certain product in a protective way for distribution, storage, and use. It’s an art of designing all types of packaging with the main objective of protecting and preserving all types of products; In addition, these are based on a technology that allows an adequate distribution and storage.”(Kei H. 2018) However to get in a deeper details it changes prospective depending from the professions such as graphic designers, products manufacturers or brand marketers.

As explained from Quora’s post” 1. For a graphic designer, it is the visual identity of the product that she creates for the packaging holding the product inside. In addition to the identity, designer

also gives packaging a style that creates a pull for the consumer.[...]

2. For the product manufacturer, it is important that she is able to convey the product function effectively on the packaging, its composition and additional details complying with the rules of regulatory organizations.

So packaging design for the manufacturer becomes medium to convey crucial information about the product.

3. For brand marketers, packaging design must be able to convey the brand promise, differentiator and create an opportunity to increase the word of mouth publicity.”

(Kapil A, 2016)

BRAIN STORM

INITIAL TESTS

DESCRIPTION

Started first test of design for milk.

As it possible to see there are various kind of bottles and shapes.

On the research I came to notice how aside the design of the bottle it would be effective to consider the SIZE .

As a costumer it would be normal to me o consider a 1L of milk vs a

500Mml??

As most researched bottles I came to notice that milk bottle are also pale colour or simply transparent (white colour it easy to be seen).

Again bottle tend to be of glass or plastic an effective bottles. As a plan action I would try to consider a deeper research to glass bottle to encourage people to reduce with plastic / or to fix themselves with keeping the bottle Also creating a child like format pack could expand the company therefore a brand would be required... the questions are is the name of the brand Must it be milk only?

Alternative drinks?

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WAYFINDING SYSTEM DEFINITION

Wayfinding has been part of human life for many century in fact “it has been around as long as people have migrated and moved.”

Wayfinding is part of spatial cognition (a branch of psychology cognition). I It the approach, perception or even knowledge people use to navigate in a space or how to find themselves within a physical environment. “Wayfinding, as the name suggests, is the strategy that people use to navigate a space or orient themselves within a physical environment.”(Peate S, 2018)

HYSTORY

3000 B.C.: Polynesia takes shape in the western Pacific Ocean. Polynesians would later develop a reputation for expert wayfinding by reading the sun, moon, waves, stars, and animals (such as birds in flight) for navigational clues.

300 B.C.: Rome constructs a transportation network that eventually swells to more than 50,000 miles of paved roads. Stone pillars built alongside the roads, denote destinations, distances, and mile markers

1908: Henry Ford’s Model T rolls off the assembly line, many automobiles accessible to the average consumer and creating the need for wayfinding on public streets.

1935: The first edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) (now maintained by the Federal Highway Administration) is approved as an American Standard, establishing regulations for roadway signage.

1960: Kevin Lynch coins the term “wayfinding” with the release of his book, “The Image of the City.” The book examines how people interact with their environments as they navigate a city.

1964: Pictograms are formally introduced for wayfinding at the Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Twenty sport-specific and 90 general information pictograms communicate with audiences from around the world.

1976: The Society for Experiential Graphic Design (then the Society for Environmental Graphic Design) forms to encourage clear architectural signage and visual communication in a changing, more connected world.

PLANNING EFFECTIVE WAYFINDING

RULES AND REGULATION For an effective wayfidning system there are few rules in wayfinding to consider ,most of them are left for individual facilities and venues.

However,there are also agency and organization that offer effective planning wayfinding system as it quoted “There are few established federal rules and regulations for wayfinding systems; most such decisions are left to individual facilities. Nevertheless, several agencies and organizations offer resources for planning an effective wayfinding system.�( Alison W,2019)

1. FLOOR MAKING 2. EMERGENCY EXITS 3. ROADWAY SIGNACE 4. INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE

- Every exit must be visible and marked by a sign reading “Exit,” and the line-of-sight to an “Exit” sign must be visible at all times.

FLOOR MAKING Floor marking is a critical component in wayfinding as it used to mark areas that could be a hazard.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) OSHA maintains basic regulations for floor marking.

OSHA — 29 CFR 1910.37 states” “Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked,”

- Red is the basic colour for firerelated hazards, emergency switches, bars, and buttons on hazardous machines.

EMERGENCY EXITS Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) also plan emergency routes procedures the event of an emergency.

1 2 - Yellow is designates caution and marks physical hazards, such as stumbling, falling, and “caught in between.”

-The word “Exit” must be legible in lettering at least 6’’ (15.2 cm) high, and the main lines of the letters in the word “Exit” must be at least 3/4’’ high.

-If an exit path isn’t apparent, signs must be posted along the route, indicating access to the nearest exit.

-If a doorway or passage along an access route isn’t an exit, but must be marked “Not an Exit” (or with a similar message). It may also be identified by its actual use (such as a closet or restroom).

-Directional signs toward exits must be placed at elevator landings and in areas of refuge (places where people unable to use stairways can gather to await instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation).

-NO TURNS: Messages should be as brief as possible -STOP: Use at least 1’’ of letter height per 30 feet of legibility distance. If a sign should be seen from 60 feet away, letters should be Federal Highway Administration “The International Code Council 2’’ or taller. support with roadway signace.

(ICC) develops codes and standards They are necessary for public for the design and construction -Keep abbreviations to a minimum, roadways, parking lots, garages, and of buildings”. (Alison W,2019) . wherever possible. other private thoroughfares.

The ICC building code it task in a Don’t use punctuation marks. section,Chapter 10 of egress as part Minimize confusion by using only of a broader wayfinding system and letters, numerals, and hyphens. it states:

ROADWAY SIGNACE

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE

-Emergency evacuation instructions must be posted in areas of refuge and exterior areas for assisted rescue.

-Stairway identification signs must be at least 18’’ X 12’’.

-Letters identifying an interior exit stairway and ramp must be at least 1 1/2’’ tall.

3 4 -Use hyphens, not forward slashes, to separate words.

The name of places, streets, and highways should begin with uppercase letters, followed by lower-case letters.

-The number designating the floor level must be at least 5’’ tall and located in the center of the sign.

-Other letters and numbers must be at least 1’’ tall.

-Signs must use a non-glare finish, and characters must contrast with the sign background.

-Stairway Identification Signs Other letters of number 1’’ Min. 5’’ Min. 1 1/2’’ Min. Dimension 18’’ x 12’’ Min.

WHY IT IMPORTANT? -Create comfort and consistency for customers -Build brand strength -Differentiate yourself

TYPE OF WAYFINDING -IDENTIFICATION SIGNS (Identify specific rooms – conference rooms, break rooms, restrooms, etc., provide “you are here” designations on maps at entryways, identify exit and entry points to a building.)

-DIRECTIONAL WAYFINDING (Entry guidance, signs in elevator lobbies showing what’s available on each floor, display signs at junctions offering basic directions.)

-INFORMATIONAL SIGNS (Alert visitors to positive things like free Wi-Fi in an area, let people know how they can access more information about a facility, tell visitors when and where to take caution.)

- REGULATORY SIGNAGE (No smoking signs,signage informing employees of when to take safety precautions, parking area information.)

PICTOGRAMS

DEFINITION

A pictogram is a symbol that might represent any type of sign, instruction ,warning, objects or even ideas. They are images transformed to the simplest form but still keep their meaning. as it also says in this quote “They are a graphical symbol that can represent a sign, simple instructions or even an idea. In essence, pictograms area concept that has been stripped down to its bare essentials, yet still recognizable as the original idea.

Pictograms can be of help with usability and accessibility on your web site. It is a universal language, everyone understands and can read the icons�*(Paul A.,2009)

BRAIN STORM

MAPS

DEFINITION Maps represent the real world on a much smaller scale. They help you travel from one location to another.

They help you organize information.

They help you figure out where you are and how to get where you want to go. There are many types of maps. The kind you use depends on what you want to know.

Here are some examples that might be useful;

TRAIGHT-LINE DIAGRAM

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

ILLUSTRATED MAP

THEMATIC MAP

MOODBOARD / INSPIRATION BOARD

Everton

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WAYFINDING DESIGN: EVERTON

DEFINITION The Everton Football Club was originally brought about by St. Domingo Church Sunday School.

After two years as St. Domingo’s FC the named was changed to Everton, after a district in Liverpool.

RECAP WAYFINDING After some weeks I went back to wayfinding. The teacher gave the opportunity to give us some feedbacks to how to tackle the brief Such as - Looking into Frank Pick - Creating a sketch to store all info -Civil engineering -Group mentality Also he gave us some maps to look into. With this maps I had some ideas to were to start.

Firstly will try to find he location of Everton and create a wayfinding guidelines

Everton FC quickly emerged as one of the top football clubs of their era. (https://www. footballhistory.org/club/ everton.html) CARNIVAL

WAYFINDING DESIGN

LOGO HISTORIC FACTS The first official Everton logo was introduced in 1920. It consisted of interwoven EFC letters in white colour, which were located on top of the shield with a blue background.

The Logo has Prince Rupert’s Tower at the centre and with below “Everton“ enclosed in a shield symbolizing victory. Under there is an inscription in Latin “Nil Satis Nisi Optimum”, which means “Only the best is good enough.”

COLOUR SET USED

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EVERTON

WAYFINDING DESIGN

COLOURS AND IDEAS By researching Everton it was possible to find the colours and ideas that might inspire the wayfinding. Colour were picked from the t shirt they see in football matches and by the logo. The main colours used are - Yellow - Green (grass field) - Blue - White -Gray silver -Reddish

TYPES OF COLOUR CLOTHES

EVERTON

WAYFINDING DESIGN

ANGIE FONT Upon researching the font used in the logo I found that it resembled ,as it been in some source, that the font is very similar to FF Angie DemiBold. FF Angie is a serif font family of 11 weights by Jean Franรงois Porchez, suitable for book text, editorial and publishing purposes. The typeface won the Brattinga prize at the 1990 Morisawa awards in Japan.

TYPE AND OPINIONS Personally I think that Everton system that will be implemented, need to conform with the design logo be part of the design.

However I wouldn’t use that specific font as today we have different modern font that would be better for people to see.

A font that could work as it simple and clean is Gotham as it widely used today and most sign use this type of design.

Since Everton has it own type I will try to create a design with the current font and with Gotham font

WAYFINDING DESIGN : SITE MAP

WHERE TO GO??? FULL MAP With the help of google map, as seen in the picture , it was possible to locate the place where the stadium will be build. Also with other type of maps it was possible to find out what is near the stadium.

Again it also possible to see how to reach the stadium with bus/ car as on the day of the match the road will be closed, therefore people will need to find a way to reach the stadium.

GOOGLE 3 MAP LIVERPOOL

GOOGLE MAP LIVERPOOL 1

GOOGLE MAP LIVERPOOL 2

SITE MAP

WAYFINDING DESIGN

GOOGLE MAP LIVERPOOL HOW TO REACH IT

SITE MAP GOOGLE MAP LIVERPOOL MATCH DAY

WAYFINDING DESIGN

BRAMLEY-MOORE DOCK As it possible to see in the picture it shows the area were the stadium will be build.

Again the stadium is divided into four part : -North zone - South zone -East zone -West zone Other area that I could consider are parking area and fan zone while I would be building a wayfinding system

STADIUM MAPS

EVERTON

WAYFINDING DESIGN: TYPES

MAPPING Mapping is a key issue in environmental and experiential graphic design, since the discipline’s goal of “connecting people to place” often requires getting people from Point A to Point B. Despite the advent of GPS and other digital navigational tools, mapping will always be important.

One of the primary goals of any wayfinding system is to provide orientation that helps users create their own mental maps of the terrain

CANDY NATIONS The “Candy Nations” sculptures outside the World Trade Center Campus

PUBLIC INSTALLATION Mapping is a key issue in environmental and experiential graphic design, since the discipline’s goal of “connecting people to WAITING WINDOWS place” often requires getting people from Point A to Point B. Despite the advent of GPS and other digital navigational tools, mapping will always be important.

One of the primary goals of any wayfinding system is to provide orientation that helps users create their own mental maps of the terrain

TYPES

WAYFINDING DESIGN

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PLACEMAKING AND IDENTITY Placemaking and identity environmental graphic design heavily incorporates one aspect of wayfinding: you are here.

Placemaking and identity environmental graphic design completely overhauls a space by using unique colour, typography, pattern, and motion. It can transform education, transportation, retail, and corporate environments.

MICROSOFT, THE VERGE, SYNECT

RPV CORPORATE PORTFOLIO

INTERACTIVE MEDIA: COMBINING VIDEO, AUDIO, & IMAGERY This type of environmental design really takes UX to another level; it focuses on user engagement with an entire physical space. Interactive experience design is inherently a more physical and digital medium than other types of environmental design. Instead of having to appreciate this design from afar, these displays are designed to be touched.

DOS LAGOS SHOPPING CENTRE IN CALIFORNIA

TYPES

WAYFINDING DESIGN: TOKYO WOLF

WAYFINDING APP Tokyo wolf created an app to help people find their way from an app.

The app allows customers to navigate around the five acre floorspace, easily locating departments, brands and points of interest.

TOKIO WOLF

WAYFINDING DESIGN: NICOLLET

IDENTITY AND SIGNAGE Nicollet Avenue is the “Main Street� of downtown Minneapolis, a cultural and commercial center and shopping and dining district that attracts people to work, shop and eat year round. The thoroughfare recently reopened after undergoing a major renovation to make it more pedestrian friendly. As part of the revitalization, Pentagram has designed a brand identity and comprehensive program of signage, wayfinding and environmental graphics for Nicollet that capture the spirit of the street and its place in the city.

NICOLLET

WAYFINDING DESIGN: THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

‘MOUNTAIN’ AT GUY’S AND ST THOMAS’ HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHICS Pentagram has teamed up with placemaking agency Futurecity and renowned graphic artist Karel Martens to create a permanent installation at the newly opened Cancer Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital. The piece is one of five major art commissions in the centre, which was designed by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and weighs the same amount as its iconic neighbour - the Shard.

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

WAYFINDING DESIGN: FIRST DEVELOPMENT

IDEAS....???

After researching I started to have inspiration from shapes that can be found in the Football Clothes. Also I started thinking “Why not using areas and floor with the numbers of the players?“ or “Using lines to direct people?“ using shapes to show history of players ?”

As possible wayfinding also consider people who are disabled as while I was working in n interview to an elder he requested to remember people with disability and how to use sign to assists them and making sure they also benefit of this wayfinding TEST 1

FIRST DEVELOPMENT TEST 2

WAYFINDING DESIGN TEST 3

TEST 4

FIRST DEVELOPMENT

REFERENCE -Gale A. (2018) ART SKETCHBOOK IDEAS: CREATIVE EXAMPLES TO INSPIRE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS [online] Available at: https://www.studentartguide.com/articles/art-sketchbook-ideas .Accessed on :11/09/19 -thesaurus[online] Available at: https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/caricature .Accessed on :11/09/19 -dlevineartist (2019) Political Caricatures: A Combined Art Form [online] Available at: http://www.dlevineartist.com/political-caricatures-a-combined-art-form Accessed on :11/09/19 -Illustration History (2018)Cartooning: Political [online] Available at: https://www.illustrationhistory.org/genres/cartooning-political Accessed on :11/09/19

-Kapil A, (2016) What is package design? [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-is-package-design Accessed on :11/09/19

-The peoples's project, (2016) Bramley- Moore Dock [online] Available at: https://www.peoples-project.co.uk/bramley-moore-dock Accessed on :11/09/19

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Liverpool City Council

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LIVERPOOL W A T E R S