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Whitepaper

Greenclean 3 TM

Keeping Your Trucks Working in a Demanding World Diesel Performance Additive Team - Americas

Overview With more stringent emission regulations coming to North America, combined with today’s sophisticated diesel engines and challenging operational environment, maximizing the performance and optimizing the operation of truck fleets becomes essential to an economic outlook.

1. Introduction As diesel engines become more sophisticated, they have become more susceptible to fuel system deposits. High pressure common rail (HPCR) systems can be affected by both internal and external deposits. Maintaining cleanliness and combustion efficiency are challenges which can be addressed by diesel fuel additives, particularly deposit control additives that aid in preventing the formation of carbonaceous and lacquer type deposits on or inside the injector. Proper additive chemistries can also serve to reduce the occurrence of fuel filter plugging issues, among other benefits. Afton has decades of experience in developing outstanding performance fuel additives which provide solutions to real world issues. Using laboratory testing, industry-defined engine testing, and vehicle testing to optimize additive performance, Afton’s GreencleanTM 3 additive is the latest in the high performing GreencleanTM line of diesel fuel additives. Deposit control additives can help maintain vehicle performance, control maintenance costs, and reduce downtime. To demonstrate the relevance of the benefits to a customer, we conducted a ‘real world’ heavy-duty diesel fleet trial demonstration of the benefits of GreencleanTM 3. This paper describes the testing and documents a statistically significant fuel economy improvement (FEI) of up to 5.1% with the use of Afton’s GreencleanTM 3 diesel fuel additive technology.

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2. Benefits of Clean Fuel Injectors Good fuel economy and emission control relies heavily on optimizing the combustion of fuel. Consistent and symmetrical fuel spray patterns are essential in ensuring that the fuel mixes with air and burns as cleanly and efficiently as possible.

Images captured from dirty injectors in the Industry Standard DW10B test (shown above) demonstrate the impact of injector deposits on spray patterns. Dirty injectors can lead to reduced fuel economy and increased emissions. The photographs of the ‘clean’ injectors clearly show the improvements that can be achieved in injector spray patterns through the application of GreencleanTM 3 deposit control additive.

3. Real World Benefits Heavy-Duty Fleet Test Afton partnered with a heavy-duty hauling company to run a captive vehicle fleet trial over the course of several months of typical vehicle use. A total of 8 trucks – 4 pairs designated according to identical manufacturer and model – were compared by running one truck of each pair on unadditized diesel fuel, and another on the same diesel fuel containing GreencleanTM 3. Real time engine operational data from each truck was obtained using data loggers. Data was collected over the course of several thousand miles of typical daily use.

Compared to unadditized fuel, the vehicles running diesel fuel containing GreencleanTM 3 at a TOP TIER™ treat rate showed an improvement in fuel economy up to 4.1%, with an average improvement of 2.5%. This directly shows that GreencleanTM 3 at TOP TIER™ levels provides significant savings in fuel costs. Increasing the GreencleanTM 3 dosage to a Premium treat rate resulted in an additional observed fuel economy of up to 1.6%, with an average overall boost of 1.1%. Overall, up to 5.1% fuel economy improvement was demonstrated using GreencleanTM 3. Truck number

Truck type

Clean-up mileage (TOP TIER™ & Premium)

2017 Kenworth Dump Truck (PACCAR engine)

23,880

2018 Mack Dump Truck (Mack engine)

22,333

125

2019 Mack Tractor (Mack engine)

28,210

127

2017 Kenworth Tractor (PACCAR engine)

29,594

TOP TIER™ %FEI & mileage 1.4% FEI

Additional Premium Uptreat %FEI & mileage 0.5% FEI

13,845 mi

10,035 mi

1.9% FEI

1.4% FEI

12,354 mi 2.4% FEI

16,477 mi 4.1% FEI

18,277 mi

9,979 mi

1.6% FEI

11,733 mi 1.0% FEI

11,317 mi

Total % FE improvement 1.9% 3.3% 4.0% 5.1%

4. Fuel Economy Improvement Statistical Analysis The vehicles in this program were run under normal daily operations; so various parameters such as drivers, loads, mileage, etc. could not be held consistent. Afton analyzed the data using statistical parameters which resulted in a direct comparison under similar driving conditions.

The bar graph below demonstrates the %FEI of both the TOP TIER™ (TT) and Premium additive dosing phases for each vehicle running on diesel fuel additized with Greenclean™ 3 detergent.

The total mileage driven by each vehicle was not the same, thus the time the additive was present to clean stubborn deposits from the system was not consistent. FEI is a function of injector clean-up, which is a function of time, or miles of clean-up.

The graph below shows gradual fuel economy improvement for each additized truck as a function of time and compared to its base counterpart.

An additional test was conducted with Truck 129, the truck which had been paired with Truck 125 and was running unadditized fuel throughout the duration of the fleet test. The set of injectors which had been in the truck as a baseline was replaced by a brand new set, and the evaluation of fuel economy of the truck continued to be recorded. Switching to new injectors resulted in a 2.67% improvement in fuel economy. As a comparison, the other truck in this pair, which had been running additized fuel (Truck 125), showed a 2.5% improvement in fuel economy when running Greenclean™ 3 at the TOP TIER™ treat rate, with an additional 1.7% improvement with Greenclean™ 3 at the Premium treat rate. This supports the assertion that Greenclean™ 3 is restoring the injectors to a ‘like new’ condition.

5. Examination of Injectors As described earlier, good fuel economy and emission control relies heavily on optimizing the combustion of fuel. Consistent and symmetrical fuel spray patterns are essential in ensuring that the fuel atomizes, mixes with air, and burns as cleanly and efficiently as possible. Additives like Greenclean™ 3 help maintain optimum combustion, and can remove deposits from dirty systems to restore performance to a “like new” condition.

One injector set from a ‘base fuel only’ truck and one from an ‘additized’ truck were pulled at the end of the test and compared to a new injector. Images of the injector tips were taken using a scanning electron microscope (shown below).

NEW

BASE

ADDITIZED

Mack HPCR Injector

Truck 129 Injector 5

Truck 129 Injector 6

Removing and preventing the accumulation of carbonaceous deposits that obstruct injector flow holes allows more finely atomized fuel flow – and improved combustion – compared to injectors using diesel fuel without additive. The benefit of using Greenclean™ 3 deposit control additive is apparent. The image of the injector that used additized fuel has clean flow holes and a much cleaner area around the flow holes, demonstrating the injector has been restored to a “like new” condition.

6. Summary There are numerous benefits from using Afton’s Greenclean™ 3 deposit control additive technology to keep a diesel engine running efficiently and at optimum performance. The powerful deposit control components in Greenclean™ 3 will both clean up stubborn deposits and keep injectors clean with continued use. The results shown in this document indicate that real improvements to fuel economy can be gained by using Greenclean™ 3 diesel performance additive in everyday heavy-duty equipment. This translates into direct fuel cost savings, maximizes performance, and minimizes maintenance costs for the fleet owners and operators.

North America Corporate Headquarters Afton Chemical Corporation 500 Spring Street Richmond, VA 23219 U.S.A.

Latin America Afton Chemical Industria de Aditivos LTDA. Estrada da Boa Esperança, 650 Parte Bom Pastor, Belford Roxo – RJ CEP: 26.110-120

Asia Pacific Afton Chemical Asia Pte. Ltd. 103 Penang Road, #09-01 Visioncrest Commercial Singapore 238467

Europe, Middle East, Africa, India (EMEAI) Afton Chemical Limited London Road, Bracknell Berkshire RG12 2UW England

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Brazil T: +55 21 3559-7576

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