Spring Home & Garden

May 14, 2015 •Special Section C

Home & Garden

Spring 2015

Inside Plants that thrive in Vermont’s microclimates....3C Ilsley’s gardens have a keeper ..............................6C Try safe alternatives to insecticides .....................6C Lost to fire, a local home is rebuilt ......................7C Landworks shares landscape planning ideas .......8C Keep houses cool and energy-efficient .............10C Power equipment best practices ........................10C Keep your landscape deer-free ..........................13C Best methods for handling insects ....................13C Increase your home’s value with renovations ...14C Smart ways to spruce up a small space..............14C

PAGE 2C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

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Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 3C

Spring Home & Garden

These native plants thrive in Vermont’s microclimates MIDDLEBURY — Each spring as the snowdrifts melt they expose bare, open landscapes and make gardeners and landscapers consider their plantable space once again.

In fertile lands like Vermont we have plenty of sun and water from spring through late fall and thousands of plant varieties can thrive in a variety of microclimates.

However, while there may be a plethora of options for each garden, it is critical when selecting garden species to note the type of soil, amount of light and various other stressors that may be present in each location.

Most plants do best in a microclimate that receives some direct light either in the morning or evening, while seeing indirect light through the hottest parts of the day. Moist soil is usually important, as is easy drainage.

However, for those zones in your landscape that are exposed to the sun all day or that are inevitably woody and shaded, fear not.

Below are five plant species that will thrive in these microclimates and help you fill in your property with native plant varieties or varieties that have been successfully introduced to the area, helping to add diversity of texture, color and function to your gardens.

Shade-loving plants

Osmunda regalis Osmunda, or ferns, are often topof-mind when thinking about shade gardening. Osmunda regalis is an impressive variety, also known as the royal fern. It is one of the largest deciduous European ferns, growing up to six feet tall.

There are two sets of fronds on royal ferns, one that is tall and sterile and one set that is shorter and fertile.

Fronds are delicate with spacious gaps and tall wispy sporangia grow

up from the center.

Royal ferns in the garden like consistently moist soil that is acidic and rich with organic matter. However, they are adaptable to lesser conditions as long as regular water is provided.

When sited properly, royal ferns are relatively maintenance-free, as long as they are in well-draining acidic soil and can stay in a moist environment with enough shade.

Arisaema triphyllum Most people wouldn’t know this plant by any other name than “Jack in the pulpit,” or less commonly, “Indian jack in the pulpit.” But this is one of the most commonly sighted plants in the arum plant family.

The plants are commonly found in the spring and summer in moist, shady, woodland locations and have memorable hooded striped green and brownish purple flowers that

give Jack in the pulpit its name.

Waxy stiff leaflets rise on their own stems next to the flower stem and clusters of bright red berries appear in the fall after the flower.

Jack in the pulpits are easy to cultivate and require very little care once they are established, making them an excellent choice for that naturalized woodland plot in the far corner of your property.

Viburnum Viburnum is an extremely versatile genus of shrubs with showy, bushy flowers that can be fragrant and are adored for their attractive shape and growth pattern.

Thanks to their versatility, viburnum can provide excellent solutions for problem landscaping areas since they are tolerant of dry, wet, shady or sunny areas. They can be found in hardiness zones 4 through 8.

Viburnum species can be evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous with colorful foliage in fall. They

Amelanchier Amelanchier is a plant genus of about 20 different species in the rosa family and is called by many names, including serviceberry, shadbush, juneberry, Saskatoon berry, sugarplum and wild plum.

Different species are native to different climate zones and can tolerate a wide temperature range, from hardiness zones 4 through 9.

While some varieties can be quite successful in full or partial sun, others are very tolerant of shade and in the wild thrive in the understory of deciduous forests. They are most

common in northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada.

Most amelanchier display fragrant white blooms around March or April and edible berries that mature in June and July, followed by colorful fall foliage.

Fruiting varieties attract birds and are commonly used as ornamental fixtures in gardens to add color and texture variation as well as to attract wildlife. Garden varieties typically grow between 15 and 25 feet tall, but in the wild can reach up to 40 feet.

Viola can be recognized for their arrowshaped leaves that fall below stems with clustered flowers that sit on top, similar to hydrangeas or spirea.

Ornamental fruits in the fall are eaten by birds and small animals, but many varieties are poisonous to humans, so take precautions before sampling those pretty berries.

Popular native varieties of viburnum in Vermont include Hobblebush, Mapleleaf and Arrowwood and are commonly used as a shrub border or specimen plants in a diverse garden.

Violets come in many varieties, sizes and colors and can be found commonly in the rich, moist soil of woodland habitats around the Northeast.

The common blue violet (viola sororia) is the one many Vermonters know best, with its sweet blue flowers that contrast dramatically with the woodland groundcover.

Other varieties include the Canada violet (viola Canadensis), sweet white

violet (viola blanda), wood violet or trilobed violet (viola palmate), roundleaved violet (viola rotundifolia) and long-spurred violet (viola rostrata).

Violets are very successful for use as groundcover or as accents at the base of trees to add color and height variety. Most varieties germinate easily and spread rapidly, which is why they are sometimes considered invasive species and should be moderated.

(Next, plants for sunny locations, Page 4C)

PAGE 4C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

Spring Home & Garden These native plants thrive in Vermont’s microclimates (Continued from Page 3C)

Sun-loving plants

Redosier Dogwood

Prunus Serotina Cherry trees of several varieties can be found around Vermont, but black cherry is one native species that locals seem to be particularly fond of.

Mature trees can grow up to 50 or 60 feet tall and can be seen growing in open fields with other sun-loving plants and trees.

It is closely related to choke cherry (prunus virginiana), both of which are sometimes considered invasive species as they germinate easily and are spread by birds and animals that eat the seeds.

Black cherry can be distinguished by long, shiny leaves and broken, flakey bark that is very dark in color when mature. (Actually, the bark starts off very smooth and striped more like birch, but develops as it matures.)

Soft, delicate bunches of white flowers bloom in the spring, marking early signs of the season in many zones.

Unlike the choke cherry, the berries of the black cherry are quite edible and popular for use in jams, pies and to flavor ice cream and soda for a sharper taste than sweet cherries (prunus avium).

Berries start off orange or light pink and darken to almost black when ripe.

Black cherry wood is highly valuable, known for its remarkable dark red color and high density, which is good for furniture and other decorative woodwork.

Cherry trees are tolerant of many conditions and relatively easy to grow, but can be susceptible to tent caterpillars and other bugs.

Dogwood shrubs are commonly loved by gardeners and landscapers for their hardiness and versatility.

While there are many varieties of dogwood, the redosier is known for its deep red stems that remain in vibrant contrast to the white snow even after the leaves shed in the fall.

Stems grow densely together and can be planted as hedges or barriers. They can thrive in many conditions (hardiness zones 2 through 7) and grow quick-

The rose is perhaps the most fairytale-like flower of all. Its sweet scent, luscious flower and spiny stem make it an easy metaphor for love stories all over the world.

Hundreds of species of rose exist, that can range from woody shrubs to climbing or trailing vines. Many varieties are native to Asia, but others originate from Europe, North America and northwest Africa.

While they vary in size and density, all roses have prickles along their stem — these are commonly referred to as thorns, but technically they are prickles as they are outgrowths of the epidermis rather than modifications of the actual stem.

These prickles are practical defenders against pests, but are also designed to catch windblown sand in arid climates so as to protect their roots.

Rose flowers range widely in size, but can have large and showy blooms ranging in color from white to pink, orange, yellow and red, often with a sweet fragrance.

With most native rose varieties, flowers give way to berry-like rose-hips in the fall. Many domestic varieties have flowers so densely petalled that there is no access for pollination. Many of these varieties no longer produce hips and cannot reproduce.

While most commonly used as ornamental shrubs and for cut flowers, roses have been used in gardening and landscaping for over a century. They can be finicky, but

Helianthus

Iris Iris refers to a genus of 250 to 300 flowering plants native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere.

The plant got its name from the Greek goddess who rode rainbows, probably thanks to its intricate flowers with cascading foliage.

ly, reaching close to 10 feet tall.

Dogwood shrubs prefer full sun with at least four hours of direct sunlight per day, but do need moist soil and can even be successful in swamplands.

Pretty clusters of white flowers in the spring are followed by small white berries that are eaten by many bird species.

The bark is sometimes collected and used for basket weaving. Interestingly, it does retain its characteristic red color if collected in the early spring.

Rosa also can tolerate many conditions and once established can live to be very old plants.

Rose varieties tend to prefer open sites in full sun, with well-drained soil rich in humus and with regular fertilization.

Unfortunately, roses to tend to be susceptible to a wide variety of pests, ranging from aphids and mites to scale insects, caterpillars, beetles and mildew.

Deer and rabbits also have an affinity for their buds, so guard your roses well.

Helianthus are commonly known as sunflowers, the name referring to about 70 species in the aster family.

The most common is helianthus annus, the common sunflower we know and love with its large yellow disk head that tracks the sun throughout the day.

Sunflowers have both ray flowers, which are sterile and leafy on the outside of the disk, as well as disk flowers within. Awn-like scales in the flower’s pappus mature and fall to the ground for propagation.

The daisy-like disk flowers are typically yellow, but some varieties feature red, cream or orange lobes and can be quite ornate.

Due to their falling seeds and propensity to spread, sunflowers can become invasive, so take care when planting if you want to keep them isolated.

Most varieties are annuals, and grow to heights ranging from 20 to 150 inches tall (that’s over 12 feet!).

During growth, sunflower heads tilt in the direction of the sun, tracking its progress during the day (called heliotropism). However, once plants mature they typically stay facing east.

As the name suggests, sunflowers need full sun in fertile, moist, but well-draining soil.

Inflorescences of the iris flower form the shape of a fan and contain at least one symmetrical six-lobed flower.

Each flower contains three sepals, commonly referred to as the “falls” and rhizomatous irises have a tufted “beard” at the base. Petals stand upright as opposed to the drooping sepals and are called “standards.”

Irises are perennial plants that grow from creeping rhizomes or bulbs and spread easily.

They thrive with heavy sun exposure and in dry, semiarid conditions. They are often found on slopes or welldraining meadowlands or riverbanks.

The most popular garden variety is the bearded German iris, known for its large, showy and colorful flowers.

Also common are hybrid varieties from the wild sweet iris (iris pallida) that has naturalized in many parts of the northeast.

Hardy and reliable, irises have become an ornamental staple in many flowering gardens.

Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 5C

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PAGE 6C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

Spring Home & Garden Ilsley’s gardens have a keeper

ANNA ROSE BENSON works tirelessly as the Ilsley Public Library’s gardener, keeping the grounds in the front and back filled with flowering perennials, shrubs and trees for all to enjoy. “I’m so glad to be able to do this for the community,” Benson says. “I want people to know that anyone can create beautiful gardens that attract wildlife and are beautiful. I hope these gardens can inspire others to do the same.”

Independent photo/Christy Lynn

By CHRISTY LYNN MIDDLEBURY — Anna Rose Benson has been meticulously tending to the gardens around the Ilsley Public Library in downtown Middlebury since the early 2000s.

Her love for the gardens is contagious; she radiates joy each minute she spends planning the space, digging the soil and encouraging each bud and blossom with her care.

“Do you know the book ‘Corduroy’ about the bear?” Benson asked.

In the book a teddy bear named Corduroy waits on the shelf in a department store for someone to come and take him home.

“At the end a little girl finally comes and brings him home and Corduroy finds what he was always waiting for,” Benson explains. “I feel like that with this garden. When I found this project I felt like this is the home I’d been looking for.

“I’m very, very happy. I love it,” she added.

Benson enjoys the central location of the library and gardens, which encourages people to stop as they’re walking down Main Street and enjoy the growing plants.

“People are so appreciative and it feels good every time someone says they’re glad that these gardens are kept up.”

Benson is a small woman with gray hair and hands that have clearly spent a lot of time in dirt. She has a soft, raspy voice that gives way to

a youthful energy. When she talks about gardening she whirls with excitement, making large, animated gestures and skipping like a giddy child between thoughts and visions about what she’d like to do with the space.

HISTORY The Ilsley Library has been at its current location on Main Street since 1924. Ilsley Director Kevin Unrath says preliminary gardens existed before Benson started her work on the landscaping, but they were limited to foundational planting of a few shrubs and bushes.

“Anna has really turned the ‘grounds’ into a ‘garden,’” Unrath said.

Barbara Blodgett is a Middlebury resident and long-time member of the Middlebury Garden Club. She was also on the Ilsley board of directors in the early 2000s and was a strong advocate for Anna’s gardens.

“It took a long time to convince the board and the town to allocate a

budget to the gardens, but we finally just a few inches tall. got it,” Blodgett said.

Most plant species in Benson’s “I really feel the garden is such a garden are fairly common in the special feature in town that deserves area, but are remarkably healthy and to look nice and be well kept.” robust specimens.

At the time Benson began to dig Visitors in early May will find into her work the grounds were in the bleeding hearts bushy and loadpretty bad shape, Blodgett recalled, ed with the pink or white flowers with kids running around all over shaped like hearts that give them the plants and library staff with no their name. experience pruning the trees and The daffodils, hyacinths and Sishrubs. berian squill are almost past as the “Anna’s really been the one to warm weather approaches, but the take the garden project under her tulips, forget-me-nots and summer wing,” Blodgett said. snowdrops bloom gloriously. Close Blodgett remembers Benson start- behind them will be the many types ing off by hauling rocks to the site of roses that Benson has planted as to construct walls and barriers de- well as peonies and violets. signed to encourage kids and visiShe also has a few new blueberry tors to stay out of garden beds. bushes in the ground as well as other The front gardens were estab- flowering and fruit-bearing shrubs lished first, followed by the gardens and small trees such as amelanchier behind the library. Benson brought (juneberry), Nanking cherry, quince, in dirt to supplement the depleted crabapple and chokeberry. soil and split many plants and flowBenson has a particular affiners from her own gardens to start ity for these fruit-bearing varieties, new beds at the library. which attract birds, bees and other While Benson does the vast ma- insects. jority of labor in the gardens, the While undoubtedly much of the Middlebury Garden Club as well as success of the gardens is due to Benother volunteers in the community son’s dedication and care, they are continue to support her work both also well sited for success. with financial contributions as well The back garden’s tall white stone as donations of plants and compost. walls face southeast and reflect light With her modest budget, Benson back into the garden. They also abtypically purchases half a yard of sorb heat during the day and protect soil from Vermont Natural Ag Prod- against cold north winds, creating a ucts each year for warm microclimate both the gardens in perfect for earlythe front and in the “No one wants to season gardening. back of the library move plants that Benson does to supplement the are already rooted shifts working in naturally sandy and the gardens of a densely packed soil and happy in a couple hours at a that is particularly location, so I try time, spending benutrient deficient. hard to get it right tween four and 10 She uses the rehours a week there mainder to pur- the first time.” during the growing chase supplemental — Anna Benson seasons. plants.

“I’m old, so I “I’m used to gardening on the can’t do really long stretches anycheap, so I’m always collecting dirt more, but it’s hard to stay away and rocks and things from neglected when I just keep thinking of what I places and bringing them in,” Ben- want to do in here,” she said. son said.

The time working in the gardens Occasionally folks will bring gar- goes fast, spent thinking and planden gifts and donations of plants or ning the space and the plant varieties bulbs or cuttings that they believe that could thrive in each inch of the could thrive in these public spaces, garden and with each plant around helping to keep the spaces full and it, Benson said. “No one wants to ever-changing. move plants that are already rooted All of the plants in the gardens are and happy in a location,” she said, perennials (meaning they grow back “so I try hard to get it right the first each year), whether they spur from time.” bulbs or tubers or rhizomes, stems, Her goal is simple and profound: stalks or trunks. They vary signifi- to create a truly special community cantly in size and color, ranging garden that animals (including hufrom tall maple trees and mature li- mans) can visit and take refuge in. lac bushes to delicate Siberian squill So far, she’s done an excellent job.

Try safe alternatives to insecticides (MS) — Pests can be a nuisance.

Whether they’re scampering about the yard while you try to entertain guests or invading your home’s interior when the weather outside pushes them indoors, pests are almost always unwelcome guests.

Many homeowners address pest problems with pesticides. But the Environmental Protection Agency notes that there are other ways for homeowners to control pest problems around their homes.

Though sometimes pesticides prove the only way to effectively eradicate pest problems, the following are some more eco-friendly alternatives homeowners can try before opting for pesticides.

CUT OFF FOOD SOURCES One of the primary reasons pests infiltrate a home is to get food. Homeowners who don’t create opportunities for pests to eat might be able to prevent infestations without the need for pesticides.

When storing items in a pantry, make sure all boxes and bags are tightly sealed. Many pests can easily access food sources stored in cardboard boxes, so homeowners with roach or ant infestations might want to consider storing cereal, sugar and flour in sealable plastic containers that

such pests cannot penetrate.

KEEP A TIDY HOUSE Pests do not only access food sources stored in the pantry. A dirty house is also very inviting to pests, who can feast on crumbs left behind on floors and tables.

Don’t leave crumbs lying around on tables or countertops, as such scraps might not seem like a meal to you but will serve as a great source of food for hungry pests.

Sweep and mop kitchen floors to remove any traces of food that might have fallen on the ground while you were cooking, and be sure to vacuum around the table where you and your family eat dinner night.

DON’T BE SUNK BY YOUR SINK A dirty sink is another attraction pests can’t resist. If your sink does not come equipped with a garbage disposal, install a food trap on the drain so food is not washing down the drain, where it can stick to the side of the pipe and attract pests.

Dirty dishes should be cleaned immediately as well. If allowed to sit in the sink for hours or overnight, dirty dishes will attract hungry pests, so clean the dishes and then give your sink a quick cleaning once the dishes have been washed.

STAY DRY Water is very attractive to pests and roaches in particular. A very small amount of water is all some roaches need to feel satisfied, so all surfaces and sinks should be kept dry.

Drain water from the sink, as a sink full of water is attractive to roaches because they know how to swim and can use water as a food source. Leaky plumbing should also be addressed, as leaky faucets, hoses and pipes may create a pest-friendly environment that’s difficult to eradicate once it’s established.

ADDRESS LEAKS AROUND THE HOUSE A pest infestation also may be a byproduct of leaks around the house.

Cracks or openings along the baseboards or behind the sink can create a point of entry for hungry pests, so seal any such cracks or openings as soon as possible.

Pests also may enter a home through holes in window screens or march right in through the front door if there is any space between the bottom of the door and the floor. These repairs are both simple and effective at preventing pests from entering a home.

CLEAR OUT CLUTTER Cluttered areas make great hiding places for pests. Stacks of old newspapers or magazines can obscure pests, and homeowners might have a full infestation without even knowing it.

Removing such clutter eliminates potential hiding places for pests.

Though some pest problems may require the use of pesticides, homeowners who want to attempt a more eco-friendly approach to eradicating pests can do so in a number of ways.

Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 7C

Spring Home & Garden due to vaulted ceilings, larger windows and sliding doors. The house will also meet current heating and electrical codes, which she hopes will mean lower utility bills.

While working quickly, BeayonPhelps said her experience with her insurance company and her contractor has helped make the process as positive as possible.

“The contractor and the insurance agency could have taken a horrible situation and made it 10 times worse,” she said. “They’ve taken a bad situation and made the best out of it.”

With the current rate of progress, Beayon-Phelps plans to move in on June 1. However, she said, it will take more time for the house to become a home.

“It’s going to be very strange moving into a whole new place,” she said.

“Down the road, I’m sure I’m going to love it — and how could I not? It’s my place, but it’s going to take some adjustments.”

DARREN OUELLETTE TAPES drywall seams inside a new home that is under construction on top of the foundation and basement of a home that was badly damaged by fire in January. The new home should be ready in early June.

Independent photo/Trent Campbell

JAN BEAYON-PHELPS stands in the new open floor plan home she is building on the foundation of her old home, which burned in January. Beayon-Phelps has had to move quickly to rebuild the home and make the best of a bad situation.

Independent photo/Trent Campbell

Lost to fire, a local home is rebuilt

By EVAN JOHNSON foreseen choices.

MIDDLEBURY — Jan BeayonAnd in a few short weeks, BeayonPhelps enjoyed her home in Middle- Phelps will return home. bury’s Buttolph Following the Acres for 13 years. fire, builders with It was a one-story, “Decisions had to Lanpher Construcranch-style house be made quickly tion in Middlebury with three bedrooms, razed the house to two baths and two as opposed to the foundation and finished rooms in the someone who is have since reconbasement. planning a remodel structed the strucSadly, the house and knows what ture and completed was badly damaged remodeling the in a fire this past Jan. they want to do. I basement and kitch18, and she’s lived didn’t have a lot of en. After the floorelsewhere since time to put into the ing is completed this then. week, workers will decision-making Beayon-Phelps finish the painting faced some deci- process.” and any last touches. sions in remaking “We have been — Jan Beayon-Phelps her house into a moving very quickhome. Like anyone ly,” she said. whose residence has been unexpectThe new house will be in the same edly destroyed, she’s faced some un- style as the previous one. Given that

the reconstruction was unplanned, many of the decisions on details ranging from exterior paint color to the hardware on cabinets were made on the fly.

“Decisions had to be made quickly as opposed to someone who is planning a remodel and knows what they want to do. I didn’t have a lot of time to put into the decision-making process,” she said.

Aside from the cosmetic decisions, Beayon-Phelps said the layout of rooms in the house differs significantly from what existed before the fire. While the bedrooms, bathrooms and kitchen will be in their same location, Beayon-Phelps said she wanted to have a more open floor plan. Masonry that divided the kitchen from the living room has been removed and two bedrooms have been combined to make a master bedroom. The house will also have more natural lighting

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DEAN RICHMOND WORKS with drywall joint compound last month. Richmond and a team from Lanpher Construction of Middlebury has worked quickly to complete the home.

Independent photo/Trent Campbell

PAGE 8C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

Spring Home & Garden

Landworks shares landscape planning ideas for a better environment

By CHRISTY LYNN MIDDLEBURY — Planning your landscape is like planning where you’re going to go to college or planning a wedding. You want to consider everything carefully, intentionally and you (ideally) want to do it once.

“It’s really easy to make big moves when you’re new to a location or get carried away with a project,” says David Raphael, principal and landscape architect at Landworks in Middlebury. “But let me tell you, it’s really tough — in one person’s lifetime — to get back mature trees that were cleared.”

Raphael and the team at Landworks specialize in thoughtful and site-sensitive design and planning for public, commercial as well as residential sites.

“Sustainable design is sensitive to the landscape as well as practical,” Raphael says, each component affecting the comfort of the inhabitants of that space.

Buckminster Fuller was an American architect, theorist, author and inventor who pushed innovative ideas of practical and sensitive design from the mid-1940s through the 1980s. (His most popularly recognized form is the geodesic dome, first modeled in 1945 at Bennington College.)

Raphael borrows some of Fuller’s

assumptions about the finite resources the planet has to offer in the natural landscape, requiring planners and designers to carefully utilize these resources to their maximum value with minimal waste.

“The only way we can survive is by doing more with less,” Fuller was quoted as saying.

Raphael and his team follow 10 guiding principles of sustainable landscape planning and design, each with a goal to engineer a space that is beautiful and functional.

1. Work with Terrain and Topography Carefully consider the “lay of the land” before intervening with strategies that may disturb existing topography. As much as possible, it is best to preserve existing vegetation and limit site alteration.

For example, Landworks considers it best practice to selectively clear “view windows” rather than clearing wide swaths when working on a slope. “The effects of clear-cutting on a slope can be really devastating,” Raphael says, often leading to problems ranging from heavy wind loads to water runoff and slope erosion.

2. Respond to Climate and microclimate Siting and orienting built structures to the landscape and natural resources increases human comfort

RAIN GARDENS — like this one sited in the Marble Works Park in downtown Middlebury — help collect and make use of water resources. These water-loving plants are carefully sited in low points on the terrain and work to absorb and filter collected surface water as it channels into the depression. When sited properly, they can quickly turn a soupy mud pit into a beautiful garden.

and reduces stress on the environment as well as costs.

Site-sensitive designers like Raphael encourage clients to consider the use of solar energy when planning where windows and roof slopes are on the house, orienting the build-

CLEARING VIEWS CAN be done carefully and modestly by opening “view windows” rather than by clearcutting large swaths of land, especially on a slope. This approach helps reduce slope-side erosion as well as protects the home from channeled wind loads that result from clearing.

ing to maximize natural energy and minimize vulnerability to high winds and weather. Site-specific design is the key step to utilizing renewable resources from wind to solar to biomass.

3. Conserve soil “Everything begins and ends with soil,” Raphael says. “Because of the heavy clays in this area, the best strategy is to amend with rich compost.”

Soil can be easy to overlook and it can be tempting to deny its importance, but enriching and restoring existing soil on the site can ensure that roots have viable options and can encourage the native plants to find themselves a home on your site.

4. conserve energy Simple but thoughtful strategies, such as planting shade trees on the s outh and west sides of buildings to reduce the impact of the hot summer sun, can eliminate the need for en-

ergy-hogging air conditioners. Similarly, planting evergreen trees on the north side of houses can provide a buffer for cold winter winds.

For centuries, farmers in agricultural zones have used hedgerows to limit soil erosion on croplands and break winds that bear heavily on homes and barns, reducing energy costs and increasing comfort.

5. go local and recycle Using local products and reusing building materials from the natural landscape is a principle that Landworks encourages.

“We love to use raw wood, native stones and locally grown plants because it looks natural and provides a look that is sure to fit in with its surroundings,” Raphael says.

6. Conserve Water Fresh water is one of the planet’s most precious resources and Landworks believes that we each have a responsibility to conserve and pro-

tect it. They employ rain gardens, rain barrels, gray water systems and on-site filtration and treatment systems as frequently as possible. One example is the rain garden in the Marble Works park in Middlebury, just to the rear of Landworks’ building.

7. right plant, right place “Most days I think this is my mantra,” Raphael says, “but it’s important and fun to consider which plants will do best in each specific microclimate.”

The best strategies for this are to look around the surrounding area and ask neighbors and friends what has been successful for them, Raphael says, and then back that up with further research to ensure desired plants are suitable for the soil type, sun exposure, watering regimens and site orientation.

“Relying on native flora is a good (Continued on next page)

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Spring Home & Garden

According to David Raphael, principal designer at Landworks, a landscape architect’s job is as a “beauty engineer.” Here, a meandering boardwalk through a marsh gently introduces the built environment to the natural landscape, working carefully with respect to the precious wildlife zone.

(Continued from previous page) goal for most sites, avoiding invasives as much as possible,” Raphael says. That said, not all invasive species are terrible. Many plants and trees that thrive in this area are not native, but we still love them — like apple trees, lilac and lilies.

You just want to make sure you avoid the really nasty invasives that take over the landscape and create problematic monocultures, Raphael warns.

8. Everywhere a garden Consider edible plants and fruit-

bearing trees and shrubs throughout the landscape, using vegetable beds within the landscape design. Use organic fertilizer and compost for all gardens and rely on integrated pest management practices rather than introducing synthetic or chemicalheavy solutions.

9. Create and Support Habitat Utilizing native plants like fruitbearing trees can help encourage and sustain wildlife habitat in the landscape, giving reason for birds, bees and insects to stick around. Consider woodland zones and maintaining a

healthy “deep forest” for animal corridors when planning your site development.

10. Create beauty “Humans need nature for our health and well-being,” Raphael says, adding that “sustainable landscapes that integrate color, form, fragrance and life bring joy and beauty to the world.”

A term Raphael has heard to describe landscape designers is “beauty engineers.”

“I like that,” he says. “It seems fitting and comfortable.”

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PAGE 10C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

Spring Home & Garden It’s possible to keep houses cool with energy-efficient technology

By EVAN JOHNSON

any cracked or missing glazing, MIDDLEBURY — When the run a bead of caulk around window summer heat arrives, too many of us frames, and use side-mount sash reach for the fans and crank up the locks to hold windows firmly in air conditioning, which drives up place. If you don’t have storm winpeak electricity loads in the summer dows (and you’re thinking ahead to and a consequent spike in price. To winter), have them made now for instay cool and save money, here are stallation next fall.

• Light bulbs: Another suggestion several energy-saving and cooling is to use compact fluorescent bulbs tips for this summer.

• Insulation: It’s an old story, but (CFLs) as normal incandescent light just as valid as ever. Insulation keeps bulbs lose 90 percent of their energy your house warm in the winter and through heat.

• Heat pumps: One of the latcool in the summer. Ken Ruddy, est innovations in owner of Ferrisheating homes is burgh-based Fidthe mini-split heat dlehead Construc- “Air conditioning pump. Heat pumps tion said diligently is not as efficient contain a refrigerant maintaining a good (as the heat that is made cooler seal against leakthan the outside air, ing air should be a pumps) to use even when tempriority; that is, just as you try to keep from a mechanical peratures are below freezing. Liquid rethe cold air outside point of view or inside the the house in winter, an economic point frigerant pump absorbs heat proper sealing of from the outdoors windows, doors and of view.” and releases the other leaky spots in — Lee McGinley, owner heat inside. the house cooler. of McGinley & Company Homes designed “It’s really lowand constructed hanging fruit,” he with a tight building envelope and said. “It doesn’t cost a lot of money compared to installing new win- high insulation value can often be cooled or heated exclusively by a dows.”

Efficiency Vermont recommends heat pump. The split pump can be caulking around window and door- used as a source of supplemental frames, using weather stripping on heat or with a pellet stove or oil exterior doors, and having a profes- burner. But heat pump units are also sional properly seal gaps where air are used for cooling when temperatures are running high. This is done can travel.

It’s also relatively easy to fix ex- by simply switching the flow so that isting windows at a fraction of the heat is moved in the opposite direccost of brand-new, energy efficient tion, removing excess heat from models. Replace cracked panes and the inside and moving it out of the house.

A TECHNICIAN WITH McGinley and Company works to install a mini-split heat pump in a new house. In addition to efficiently heating houses in the winter, the pumps can also cool houses in the summer.

Mini split heat pumps can be used in new construction and many are installed in existing homes. Lee McGinley, owner of McGinley & Company of Addison, said that nearly 2,500 pumps were installed in Vermont in 2013, noting that number far exceeds the number of new houses, so includes a lot of installations in existing homes.

McGinley said the mini split heat pumps work best on open floor spaces. On multiple floors, it makes

sense to have one unit per floor, he said, adding that the heat pumps are more efficient than an air conditioner, which can use much more energy if incorrectly sized for the space.

“Air conditioning is not as efficient (as the heat pumps) to use from a mechanical point of view or an economic point of view,” he said.

McGinley said he spent between $10 and $20 to keep his house cool using a mini split heat pump last summer.

“If I were using an air conditioner

it would have been a lot more than that,” he said.

• Looking outside: In addition to making the house more energy efficient, Rebecca Lindenmeyer of Linden L.A.N.D. Group presents another possible solution: alter the outside environment.

“It’ really pretty simple,” she said, “just plant trees.”

The American Society of Landscape Architects says that planting trees on the west, east and southwest

sides of the home can reduce indoor temperatures and energy use by a significant degree. Deciduous trees like locust or maple will grow to 30 feet tall and shade the roof and windows, reducing temperatures inside by 20 degrees or more. Tree shade can help also reduce ambient heat on driveways or asphalt.

“We’re not talking about crab apple trees,” she said. “We’re talking about full-size shade trees.”

Landscape architects often include shade trees in property plans for new homes. Lindenmeyer says the exemption to this advice is with net zero houses that use solar arrays on the roof. These houses can use still use trees 15 to 20 feet tall to shade patios and lower windows while not shading the arrays on the roof.

• Other ideas: Other ideas include green roofs, which can provide insulation to keep a home cool in the summer and warm in the winter, and the Environmental Protection Agency states that a two- or threestory house can experience 15 to 25 percent savings in summertime energy costs compared to a singlestory structure. Trellis structures that allow plants to grow vertically, according to another report, can reduce the ambient air temperature by up to 10 degrees.

Despite the benefits of landscape architecture, Linenmeyer says most people still don’t consider it.

“It’s something that we have to bring up,” she said. “A lot of times people are concerned about the trees eating up their views, but they don’t realize how much planting this tree is going to reduce the cost of cooling their house.”

Be safe with these power equipment best practices ALEXANDRIA, Va. — With warmer weather urging people to put away snow throwers and bring out lawnmowers, string trimmers, and other lawn and garden equipment, the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI) reminds consumers that equipment care, maintenance and safety is a yearround activity.

To operate machines safely, it’s important that equipment operators understand safety procedures and set expectations with others who use this equipment or are nearby.

“Many people are eager to pull out lawn and garden equipment right now. Who wouldn’t be desperate to kick start spring this year? This winter generated colossal respect for snow throwers, and

we urge people to put these prized possessions away safely so they’ll be there for them next year,” said Kris Kiser, president and CEO of OPEI. “You want to ready your spring equipment for the same reasons: you want the equipment available when you need it.”

Below are key tips for safe operation of mowers, chain saws, trimmers and edgers, generators, and other outdoor power equipment for lawn and landscape management.

• Use the right equipment for the task. Mowers, hedge trimmers and more are designed to help you manage a landscape as efficiently and productively as possible.

Select a “right-sized” product for the job. Ask your retailer/dealer for assistance in size, capabilities,

power sources and features that fit your needs.

• Assign the right person to use the equipment. Only allow responsible adults who are familiar with the instructions to operate the machine. Do not let children use outdoor power equipment.

These machines should not be operated by young people who are not physically or developmentally ready to assume the responsibility of operating a powerful machine.

Alert nearby people of work to be done. Confirm the locations of pets and children, and ask that they be kept out of the area and supervised.

• Read the operator’s manual to understand the controls of your equipment. Know how to stop the machine quickly. Do not remove or

disable guards or safety devices.

• Regularly inspect your equipment. Check for loose belts and missing or damaged parts.

Drain and responsibly dispose of old oil and put in fresh oil before starting equipment that has been in long-time storage. Install clean air filters so your engine and equipment will run optimally.

• Have your lawn mower’s cutting blades sharpened so your mower will operate more efficiently, cutting your lawn cleaner and making it healthier.

• Know your terrain. When operating on slopes, select the appropriate machine. Keep away from drop-offs and other hazards (water). Uneven terrain could overturn the machine.

• Clear the area being managed.

Remove debris, wires, branches, nails, rocks, or metal that may become projectiles if thrown by lawn mower blades and other equipment.

• Dress properly. Wear substantial shoes, long pants and closefitting clothes. You may want eye or hearing protection.

• Observe safe fueling procedures. Fill your gasoline tank only when the engine is cool. If you need to refuel before completing a job, turn off the machine and allow the engine to cool. Never light a match or smoke around gasoline.

• Do not use gas with more than 10 percent ethanol (E10) in your mower. Some gasoline filling stations may offer 15 percent ethanol (E15) gas or other fuel blends, but this higher ethanol fuel is danger-

ous — and is in fact illegal — to use in your mower or in any small engine equipment.

• When putting away last season’s equipment, clean it and be sure to drain and responsibly dispose of fuel.

Don’t leave fuel sitting in the tank for more than thirty days.

Untreated gasoline (without a fuel stabilizer) left in the system will deteriorate, which may cause starting or running problems and, in some cases, damage to the fuel system.

“One challenge is that most fuel contains some level of ethanol, which contains corrosive alcohol.

If that fuel is left in the tank over the winter months, it may damage your equipment. You need to drain it,” advises Kiser.

Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 11C

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PAGE 12C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

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Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 13C

Spring Home & Garden Discover the best methods for handling warm weather insects

Keep your landscape deer-free

D

eer damage to ornamental plants is an increasing problem. Deer populations in neighborhoods have grown rapidly due to abandoned farms, hunting restrictions and suburban sprawl.

And they are dining on expensive suburban landscapes — especially in areas with heavy snowfall in the woods. In those areas, front and backyard plantings can serve as easy winter forage.

“Deer are selective feeders that eat leaves from flowers, shrubs and ornamental trees,” explains Tchukki Andersen, BCMA, CTSP and staff arborist with the Tree Care Industry Association. “Damage to larger trees can extend up to 7 feet off the ground.”

In some areas, deer damage peaks in winter when snow cover reduces the food supply. Most areas with overpopulated deer herds experience problems year-round. The availability of natural food sources and the taste preferences of individual deer make deer-proofing a landscape difficult task in many areas.

“Deer will eat almost any plant rather than starve,” says Andersen, “so damage control measures will be needed in addition to careful plant selection. Use of fencing and repellents can help control deer damage to landscapes.”

A fence is the most effective control against deer damage. An 8-foot fence is generally sufficient to deter deer, and lower fences can work if they slant away from your yard.

Tree protectors or shelters also prevent deer from browsing on young trees. Made of polypropylene tubing, plastic tree wrap or woven-wire mesh cylinders, netting can be used to protect individual or group plantings. The netting can be left on yearround if it’s attached loosely at the base to allow for plant growth, but should be monitored frequently.

Repellents may help deter deer, but they do not eliminate damage completely. Homemade repellents include rotting eggs (mix two eggs with a gallon of water and spray the mixture on ornamentals). The eggs rot on the plants and the smell repels deer. Human hair hung in mesh bags makes a simple repellent. Hang the hair bags on the outer branches of trees about a yard apart, and replace them monthly. Bars of strongsmelling soap hung in the same way will also work. This is a good way to make use of all those aromatic Christmas gift soaps you don’t plan to use. Repellents containing predator urine or spray-on, soap-based mixtures usually only last a few weeks, depending on the weather.

Once deer taste your garden, it

is difficult to rid them of the habit.

Replacing your current mix of trees and shrubs with plants that are less appealing will help move the herd along to other sites. The Tree Care Industry Association recommends planting trees that have a history of surviving areas of heavy deer activity, such as the following.

Best trees: bottlebrush buckeye, downy serviceberry, shadbush, Allegheny serviceberry, pinion pine, Chinese paper birch, ‘heritage’ heritage birch, paper birch, Japanese false cypress, Japanese cedar and Colorado blue spruce.

Best shrubs and climbers: larger, tall shrubs tend to withstand deer browsing better than low-growing ones because they have more leaves, making them able to withstand some defoliation, and taller plants are out of reach. Try these shrubs: bearberry, pawpaw, boxwood, caryopteria, American bittersweet, red osier dogwood, Japanese plum-yew, creeping wintergreen, John T. Morris holly, Lydia Morris hollies, leucothoe, European privet, Japanese andromeda, Virginia creeper, blueberry elder, dwarf sweet Christmas box, and rose of Sharon.

Check with your local garden center or tree care company for a list of trees and shrubs in your area that are the least appealing to deer.

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(MS) — Homeowners know that the arrival of spring also marks the re-emergence of insects. While not every insect is harmful, if an infestation grows considerably or if insects begin to move from the outdoors into a home, it may be time for homeowners to call in a professional.

The Entomological Society of America points out that homeowners cannot count on bitterly cold winters to help control the numbers of insects in their yards. Insect ecology is affected by various factors and is not solely dependent on temperature.

Furthermore, what occurred one year certainly may not be repeated the next, as homeowners who have had various insect infestations in their yards can attest. One year a yard may be overcome with ants, while the next year it may suffer through an earwig infestation.

The first step homeowners looking to curtail insects in their yards can take is to determine if the insects they see are genuine threats to their lawns.

Some bugs emerge and swarm early in the season, but then gradually disappear as spring turns into summer. Other insects may come out of hiding if a homeowner is doing a lot of yard work or construction around a house.

Practice a wait-and-see approach to determine if you really have an insect problem or just have stirred up activity.

Homeowners also must decide if it is bearable living with the insects.

If insects are not doing any damage or if they can be controlled relatively easily, then you might be able to avoid calling in the professionals.

However, if critters like termites and certain species of wood-eating insects are invasive and damaging your yard, you may need to take ac-

tion.

Anyone concerned with the side effects of pesticides and insecticides can first try to remedy the problem naturally.

Sometimes it’s just a matter of making a yard less hospitable to insects. Remove leaves and clean up debris close to the house, as these can both encourage infestations.

Piles of rotting wood or leftover firewood can be a food or shelter source for a number of insects. Inspect water spigots for leaks and improve suspect drainage on your property, as these things can be welcoming to bugs that like moist surroundings. Remove standing water whenever possible to eliminate spots for mosquitoes to incubate larvae.

Natural remedies also may do the trick. Mint, bay leaves, catnip, and garlic can repel insects like roaches and ants. Citrus can be a natural flea deterrent.

Some homeowners have had success planting marigolds around their yards to serve as a natural bug repellent because the flowers produce a scent that many insects find repulsive. Thai lemon grass plants also can be used to keep mosquitoes at bay.

Remember, natural predators, such as birds, bats, spiders, and larger insects, feed on nuisance bugs. Keeping these helpful predators around may be an effective and natural way for homeowners to control annoying pests.

If an insect problem seems out of control or if you need a professional opinion about the damage being done to your home or landscape, consult with an exterminator.

Licensed extermina-

tors have the training and expertise to assess insect concerns and create a plan of action that will minimize the risk to inhabitants of your home and nearby wildlife. An exterminator will know what it takes to treat insects and maximize the chances of removing the problem promptly and effectively.

Warm weather is synonymous with many things, including the return of insects. Homeowners may be able to treat unruly bugs on their own, but especially problematic infestations may require the help of experienced exterminators.

PAGE 14C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

Spring Home & Garden

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Certain projects have a history of providing a greater return on homeowners’ investments than others.

The following renovation tips can add beauty to your home and generate great returns when you put the home up for sale.

• Invest in your kitchen. Kitchen remodels are a safe bet when it comes to putting money into improving a home. Residents tend to spend a great deal of time in the kitchen, but a dated, poorly functioning kitchen can detract from the value of a home, even if the rest of the home is in good shape. It’s possible to recoup between 60 and 120 percent of your kitchen remodel investment, especially if the kitchen matches up well with the rest of your home. Homeowners should know that a deluxe renovation may not be necessary, as relatively moderate improvements can create a whole new look for a kitchen.

• Look to paint. One of the least expensive improvement materials, but one that has a significant impact, is paint. Neutral, modern colors can easily liven up any space. If you paint with low-VOC paint, you also can advertise an eco-friendly home, which is very desireable these days.

• Put in another bathroom. Multiple bathrooms are an attractive selling point, particularly in older homes that may not have been equipped with more than one bathroom. Finding extra space for a bathroom can be tricky, but consider closets, areas under stairs or even taking some space away from another room. Popular home-improvement television channel HGTV advises that halfbathrooms require at least 18 square feet of space, while full baths need 30 to 35 square feet for a stand-up shower or bathtub.

• Renovate the HVAC system.

Aesthetic improvements aren’t the only ones that add value to a home.

Many home buyers are eager to purchase a home that has a new heating and cooling system, as buyers understand that furnaces and air condition-

FINDING SPACE TO install an extra bathroom in a home can be a worthwhile investment.

ing units are substantial investments that can last for years. Other improvements, such as adding attic insulation or replacing older windows and doors with more energy efficient options, also are smart bets.

• Add illumination to rooms. A dark home is a dreary home. Adding light can mean including more overhead and accent lighting. Undercabinet task lighting is a nice touch.

Inclusion of skylights and sun tubes can bring natural light into rooms that may not have south- or westfacing windows.

• Put a deck addition outdoors.

Outdoor living spaces have become more desireable, especially as the “staycation” has grown in popularity. Decks and patios can make backyards more appealing. The scope of your investment will depend on the

size of the deck and design. Doing the work yourself can cut the cost of decks in half, but only if you have the specific tools or experience to tackle such a project.

• Improve curb appeal. Adding attractive landscaping and freshening up the entryway to a home can add considerable value to your home, as buyers judge homes by their exteriors. Completely renovated interiors may never be seen if buyers pass up your home because of a less attractive exterior. Classy, subtle changes, like well-placed shrubbery and a green lawn, can work wonders. An inviting front door and well-lit entryway also add curb appeal to a home.

Before making improvements, homeowners should determine if a given project will provide a solid return on their investment.

Smart ways to spruce up a small space c2014 Atlas® Roofing Corporation All Rights Reserved

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(StatePoint) — Giving a design facelift to small spaces may seem challenging. But you can make more of every square inch with creative solutions.

LIGHT Small spaces need natural light.

Try hanging curtains beyond the window frame and near the ceiling to let in more. This drapery placement makes windows look larger and adds to the perceived height of the room.

Add a large decorative mirror on an adjacent wall to reflect every sliver of available light.

While conventional decorating wisdom doesn’t recommend placing furniture in front of windows, in a small room such as a bedroom, it makes sense to use windows as the focal point and center furniture in front of them. In tiny bedrooms, options can be limited, and it’s often better to create a strong focal point with a bed than to awkwardly push it to one side.

FOCAL WALL Light walls make small rooms

feel larger, but there can be exceptions to this rule. An accent wall can bring definition and scale to a tiny space. The first step is to choose the right wall to paint. Depending on the room, it’s typically a fireplace wall, one that anchors a key piece of furniture, an interesting nook or a bookcase wall.

For drama, use darker shades to add depth to the room. However, keep furniture and adjacent walls lighter to prevent the room from feeling cluttered. For medium color walls, a bright color or fun pattern on an accent wall will help enliven the space. Also, consider repainting trim a bright white to make the accent wall stand out.

SMART SHELVING Shelves, cabinets and pegboard racks can promote organization without exhausting limited floor and counter space. Bring cozy kitchens to the next level with shelving that reaches the ceiling. Install electrical outlets within shelving so you don’t have to move appliances to use them.

Floating shelves allow you to show off favorite accessories, like cookbooks, vases and baskets, while boosting storage capacity. Repurpose old barn wood for a rustic look or utilize plumbing pipe for an industrial and modern design.

CREATIVE STORAGE Choosing pieces with multiple functions is a must. Storage can also serve as décor. Visit garage sales and flea markets to find special pieces that you can repurpose.

An old trunk or suitcase can be a fashionable and functional side table or coffee table, while hiding odds and ends. Customize these gems to coordinate with your décor by adding a unique painted design. If you’re looking to preserve the item’s vintage appeal, make sure you tape off any latches or distinctive details to prevent paint bleed.

Often the best design solutions are born of necessity; and with a little imagination you can create eyecatching, functional rooms throughout your house.

Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015 — PAGE 15C

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PAGE 16C — Spring Home & Garden Addison Independent, Thursday, May 14, 2015

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