Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 – Section C
HOME + DESIGN
Building a
DREAM
on Budget By KATY SAVAGE Shortly after moving to Vermont from Colorado seven years ago, Jason Mikula built a treehouse in his backyard in Killington, complete with a climbing wall, hammock and zip lines. The treehouse, 100 square feet with a wrap-around porch, was meant for his children, now ages 8 and 10, but Mikula built it big enough so that he and his wife Polly could stand up inside and enjoy it, too. “Standing up there on the porch looking down at the property gave us a whole new perspective,” said Polly. “We hadn’t anticipated enjoying the view from up there as much as we did.” That perspective influenced many of their decisions when they embarked on their next project: building their own 2,000 square-foot modern farmhouse-style home. The house was completed this year — a 20year dream the millennial-aged parents achieved in seven years of tactical planning. The Mikulas started designing their home about two years ago. After scrapping some initial plans, the first sketch of what would become their current home started on a napkin — literally. They moved in this (See Mikula, Page 3C)
Photo illustration by Siobhan Chase
Contents
Make fall clean-up eco-friendly............................................... 4 Quiet down! Soundproof your home........................................ 4 Design a more functional pantry ............................................. 7 Essentials for a DIY spa bathroom........................................... 8 Clever ideas to expand living spaces...................................... 8 Improve entertaining spaces..................................................... 9 How to build your home bar...................................................... 9 Remodel your Basement............................................................. 9 Ideas for winter entertaining...................................................10
(See XXXX, Page XX)
Ask these questions first before DIY.....................................10 Let locations inspire design....................................................10 Make the most of your home improvement dollars...........10 Tips and tricks for applying garden mulch..........................12 Raked leaves have many useful applications......................12 Your garden’s hardscape defines the design......................13 Autumn is a prime time to tend lawns and gardens.........13 An energy audit can help you save money...........................14 Defend against winter freezing...............................................14 Clean indoor air to reduce asthma attacks.........................15
PAGE 2C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
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Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 3C
HOME + DESIGN Mikula (Continued from Page 1C) “Watching a thunderstorm at night from bed is thrillpast April. ing,” said Polly. “The process of narrowing down our visions and The guest bedroom is like a jungle gym. With 14-foot dreams, to choose just one to move forward with, was high ceilings, it has two bunk beds well in the air with galvery challenging,” said Polly, who noted that her Pinterest vanized steel pipes nailed to the wall for a ladder. board had dozens of posts for most aspects of the house. “It’s proven to be very popular with the kids,” said Ja“Cost was also a limiting factor, obviously. But we were son, who built many of the Steampunk-style pipe features. able to achieve many of the looks we liked most by being This bunkroom also has the prestigious distinction of becreative.” ing Ostrow’s favorite room in the house. They needed to stick to a $400,000 budget. The Mikulas used extra space to make the house seem “From the start, designing from a tight budget was part bigger. A 3-foot high space underneath their daughter’s of the project,” said Sam Ostrow, the Mikulas brother-in- bedroom, which is on a half-level, makes the perfect chillaw, who designed the home. Ostrow is an architectural dren’s fort and play area. designer who works with Vermont InThe Mikulas put in their own labor tegrated Architecture in Middlebury, to stay within budget and were able to though this was an independent project “We talked about source some of the materials creatively, that he took on to help the Mikula’s pursuch as barn wood from an 1800s structhat treehouse sue their dream. ture torn down in nearby Quechee, which “The size, space and materials were feel. We wanted is featured on the living room wall. designed in a way that wouldn’t break it to look like it The kitchen and all three bathrooms that budget.” have soapstone sinks, from Vermont The house, with three different roof had always been Mable and Granite. The cabinets are heights, is atypical, but, “The structure there. The idea a modern shaker style with soft-close was intended to be very simple,” said doors and the kitchen counter is quartz, Ostrow. “Nothing was pushed outside of was to let the from Kitchen Encounters in Clarendon. very typical materials and methods.” The dining room table is a handmade gift house blend into The location presented challenges, too. from Jason’s father. The house is built on a cliff, overlooking the landscape The Mikulas wanted Vermont maple the valley. It is within walking distance around it.” wood floors on the main level, but they of a dozen restaurants on Killington bought them rough and stained in place — Sam Ostrow to keep the cost down. Road and it’s less than a minute to Killington Mountain ski resort, but it feels Sustainability was also important to like it’s deep in the woods. the Mikulas. For the designer, the site presented the greatest chal“We wanted to build an efficient home to avoid wastlenge and greatest opportunity. ing precious natural resources or money,” said Jason. “We talked about that treehouse feel,” said Ostrow. “We “We don’t plan to sell this home, ever, so we were lookwanted it to look like it had always been there. The idea ing for it to be cost-effective over our lifetime. We learned was to let the house blend into the landscape around it.” that choosing efficiency doesn’t necessarily have to cost Everything about it was different for the builder, too. more.” “I hadn’t ever built anything like it,” said contractor Carl The home is well insulated so can be heated and cooled Holmquist, who owns Holmquist Building & Remodeling by electric heat pumps, a highly efficient source, in addiin Pittsford. “It wasn’t a typical design.” tion to a wood-burning stove. The house not only fits the landscape, it also fits the Mi“We have 5 acres of trees, wood is a free and renewable kulas’ outdoor lifestyle — perched on the side of a moun- energy source for us,” Jason said. tain, with large windows everywhere looking out into the Residential Energy Consultant Steve Spatz worked canopy of trees. This time, it’s a grown up’s treehouse that with the Mikulas from start to finish. Spatz, who works happens to be kid-friendly. for Efficiency Vermont, provides free consulting serThe master bedroom, which hangs over the steepest part vices to make sure new and existing homes are as susof the cliff, is where the treehouse concept is most appar- tainable as possible. He conducted an energy analysis ent. The bedroom is sparse with only a bed for furniture, of the proposed design of the Mikula home. He then but features large windows on three sides with trees al- worked with the heating contractor to analyze the heat (See Efficiency, Page 5C) most touching.
To maximize space and efficiency, the Mikula’s house utilizes a split level design, with the couple’s master bedroom a half level above the main living space and their young daughter’s room a half level below the main living space. A small sitting nook at the lower half level with tall vertical windows provides a visual connection to the steep slope of the site outside. The split levels are connected by refinished barn boards on the walls between these two half levels, creating a dramatic aesthetic in the core of the home.
Photo by Oliver Parini
The Mikula’s kitchen is wide and open to the rest of the living and dining space on the main floor of the Architectural designer Sam Ostrow was inspired to celebrate the dramatic site of the house in the design. house. A long counter hand crafted from antique hard wood designates the space, but Polly and Jason wanted to create a feeling where they could be cooking or cleaning in the kitchen without being removed from the rest Large windows facing down the slope therefore feature prominently and connection to the landscape is impossible to ignore in this modern, yet cozy home. of the activity in the house. Photo by Oliver Parini
Photo by Oliver Parini
PAGE 4C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
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HOME + DESIGN Make fall clean-up eco-friendly (MS) — Certain tasks become necessary once autumn arrives. Whereas spring and summer were spent tending gardens and maintaining a yard prime for entertaining, autumn is about preparing properties to survive the winter. Just as with other jobs around the house and yard, fall clean-up can be done in a manner that is respectful to the environment. LEAVE PLANT STALKS AND LEAVES It is tempting to want to cut back perennials and other greenery so a property looks neat. But as flowers and plants dry and drop to the ground, they help insulate the roots from the cold. They also provide a natural habitat and serve as a winter food source for birds and small animals. RAKE LEAVES SENSIBLY Power blowers and mulchers make fast work of leaves, but at the expense of the environment. Gaspowered devices discharge fuel exhaust into the air, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Instead, reap the benefits of peace and quiet as well as exercise from manual raking. While raking, do not feel the need to remove every leaf. A certain amount of organic matter can be beneficial to the soil and even insulate the lawn somewhat. A leftover leaf here or there also may provide protection for insects and small animals. For example, many native bees spend the winter in tunnels in the ground, cracks in mortar, holes in dead wood, or within hollow stems, and they need lawn and garden litter to survive.
COMPOST IS A FRIEND Spread a thin layer of compost on the lawn and in garden beds. Compost prevents weed growth, insulates and protects the soil and provides nutrients that will be needed once the spring busy season begins. By using compost, homeowners can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and weed killers. CHECK FOR DRAFTS AND LEAKS Fall is an ideal time to check windows and doors for cracks where water, air or insects can enter. Seal up holes and cracks, and ensure there are no drafty areas. Drafts can cause home heating and cooling systems to work harder, expending more energy than necessary. COLLECT AND HARVEST Be sure to gather any useable garden vegetables and fruits and prepare them for storage if they cannot be consumed in the next few days. Canning is a timehonored preservation method. Herbs and seeds can be dried and saved for use later on. Vacuum seal fresh basil and parsley. TAKE INVENTORY Look at which items in the yard have seen better days and prepare to recycle or reuse them in different ways. Faded plastic planters can be used as impromptu bird baths in a garden. An old tire can be mulched and turned into soft material to put around a playset. Inquire as to the proper way to recycle plastic lawn chairs that may be broken. Autumn yard work should be performed in as ecofriendly a fashion as possible.
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(MS) — Many people want their homes to be comfortable, relaxing retreats. While much thought will be given to layout and decor, the noises in and around a house also can affect how enjoyable a space is or isn’t. Certain offenders are driving up the noise levels in homes. New building materials that are lighter than those used in the past can make it easier for noise to travel between rooms. In addition, open floor plans make it easy for noise to travel from room to room, while handheld personal devices can make rooms noisy. Homeowners who want more peace and quiet in their home can take the following steps. ADD MORE DRYWALL Homeowners may not be able to add walls of sturdy brick to block sounds, but they can add more drywall in noisy rooms. Consider adding more drywall to a library or reading nook, which can be used to isolate noisy rooms, such as those where kids practice playing musical instruments. BEEF UP DENSE MATERIALS Heavy curtains, fluffy furniture and thick carpets can make rooms quieter because they help absorb sound waves. Such items and materials also can help prevent echoes. Bare walls and floors will only make sounds bounce around. SEAL HOLES AND CRACKS Noises from outside can sneak around gaps in windows, doors and siding. Making sure gaps are sealed will not only make a home more energy efficient, but also help block out some exterior noises. FIX SQUEAKY FLOORS Wood floors can shrink and expand, leading to movement and the development of squeaky areas. By fixing squeaky floors, homeowners can reduce noise created when people walk through their homes. Soundproofing a home can be a relatively easy and effective DIY project.
The Mikula’s home appears modest and clean and almost traditional as you approach from the drive. But the home’s complexity is intentionally just under the surface. It’s three distinct shed roofs pitch in opposing angles to delineate three sections of the home, marked with different siding materials to break up the space. Dark vertical siding on the middle section and steel siding on the lower level reveals some of the more modern design choices the couple made on the home.
Photo by Sam Ostrow
Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 5C
HOME + DESIGN Efficiency (Continued from Page 3C) pump equipment and the ventilation system of the Mikula home. “They definitely went far above and beyond what code requires and what typical construction would be,” said Spatz. The Mikulas relied heavily on local experts for help. Seth Shaw, the owner of Goodro Lumber in Killington, was a valuable advisor in the project, helping the Mikulas pick materials and finishes to stay within their budget. “They were careful about the planning and did copious amounts of work on the front end to develop a complete knowledge of the costs before they broke ground,” Shaw said.
Jason’s father, Richard Mikula, handcrafted a dining room table to fit perfectly in his son and daughter-in-law’s new home. A slab of stone from the site serves as the centerpiece with candles and a modern chandelier to complete the look.
Photo by Oliver Parini
The end result was a home that the Mikulas cherish. “We wake up each morning feeling very thankful and lucky,” said Jason. “It was a lot of work – we joke that it’s the culmination of about 10,000 decisions, little and big – but it was worth it.” The Mikulas still have a few details to finish inside (sliding barn doors to the kid’s fort area, shelves and a mirror vanity for the master bathroom, etc.) which they plan to finish over the winter. Then, upon snowmelt, they’ll be ready to move onto the next project: landscaping! “Outside the house is kind of a disaster right now, but soon it will snow and then it will be look pretty until the spring,” said Polly. “We’ll deal with landscaping then.”
The bunkroom in the Mikula’s house is among the favorite spaces in their new house. With two lofted beds accessible from steampunk ladders and a lower queen size bed below, the room can comfortably sleep six guests. Photo by Oliver Parini
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HOME + DESIGN
Design a more functional pantry (MS) — Many homeowners wish they had more storage space, and kitchens are one area where people seemingly can always use more storage. Despite a desire for more kitchen space, until recently, kitchen pantries fell out of favor. Builders and architects may have thought that close proximity to supermarkets as well as multi-use cabinets in kitchens would offset the need for pantries. But according to a recent survey from the National Association of Home Builders, a kitchen pantry is the most desirable kitchen feature for buyers in the market for a new home. According to a 2016 survey, 98 percent of Americans say cooking at home is their preferred way to prepare a meal. And despite the wide array of restaurants, prepared meals and fast food options nearby, more than one-third of people cook at home daily, with nearly 50 percent cooking between three and six days a week. In order to accommodate for spending more time in the kitchen, homeowners are directing additional attention to kitchen preparation and storage features. In fact, one recent trend in kitchen renovations is creating custom-designed pantries. LOCATE THE APPROPRIATE SPACE Ideally, pantries should be in or adjacent to the kitchen. But not every home layout allows for this setup. Some homeowners need to move storage pantries into the garage, the basement or a mud/laundry room. Various factors should be considered before placing a pantry outside a kitchen. What is the climate? Will food spoil? Is there a possibility that vermin or insects can infiltrate the room and access food? These factors will dictate whether to have closed cabinets, air-tight bins or open shelves or if other modifications must be made to the room prior to building. CHOOSE THE TYPE OF PANTRY Accessibility is essential in a pantry. Everything should be easily reached and grabbed as needed without having to move too many things. Ideally, foods should be arranged in a single layer so that all items can be viewed at a glance. Shelves of various depths and heights can accommodate items of different sizes. Adjustable shelves are ideal because they can be modified as foods change. Sliding drawers can improve reach in cabinets. In smaller spaces, French door-style reach-in cabinets are convenient and flexible. In complete kitchen remodels or new constructions, walk-in pantries offer
the most space and flexibility. MUST-HAVE FEATURES Pantries serve different functions in different homes. For the bulk shopper, a pantry with plenty of room for large items will be needed. Lighting can be beneficial in all pantries. Lights can
improve visibility when trying to locate items. Others prefer an outlet for charging hand-held vacuums or other small appliances. Counter space in the pantry enables homeowners to unload groceries directly onto pantry shelves. For pantries located outside of the kitchen, built-in
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PAGE 8C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
Transform Indoor Spaces
Essentials for a DIY spa bathroom (MS) — Relaxing at a spa each week may be a luxury reserved for celebrities and socialites. For many people, a day spa is a treat enjoyed on special occasions or while on vacation. However, home bathrooms can be designed to provide the same types of amenities offered at day spas right in the comfort of one’s home. The American Psychological Association says that money, work and the future of the country are particularly strong stressors today. Eighty percent of workers feel stress on the job and learning how to manage stress is a top concern. Creating a Zen-like retreat at home can help alleviate stress and improve health. Homeowners whose renovation plans include turning a bathroom into a spa oasis will need to choose which features they desire most. These suggestions can spur on more ideas to create the ideal retreat. • Soaker bathtub: There’s something to be said about a luxurious soak in a tub. Tubs come in different sizes and shapes, like the highly recognizable clawfoot tub and other freestanding units. These types of tubs, as well as corner tubs, can offer deep-seated luxury by way of a relaxing and restorative soak. Pair with scented bath bombs or salts for a true spa experience. • Steam shower: Steam showers are self-enclosed units that feature generators that deliver steam through steam heads. The steam
fills the space and can help a person unwind before a refreshing shower or bath. Modern steam showers come with digital controls, which makes it easy for users to activate the shower, adjust the length of time that the shower will operate and adjust temperature controls. Extra features like music, mood lighting and aromatherapy can be included as well. • Heated floors: Heated floors provide the utmost in comfort when stepping out of the bath or shower. They can warm the room and make using the space more comfortable in cold weather. • Vessel sinks: A vessel sink typically features a bowl or basin that looks like it was placed on top of the vanity. Vessel sinks can elevate the ambiance in spa bathrooms. • Plush towels and robes: In addition to fixtures and other functional components of the bath, linens are key. Soft-spun Egyptian or Turkish cotton towels and robes are a musthave luxury for the full spa experience. • Comfortable seat: A bench or chair nestled by a bathroom window is the perfect spot for pedicures or catching up on some light reading. • Natural light: Skylights or privacy-ensuring windows are a must to create a relaxing space close to nature. A spa bathroom at home is within reach. With a few touches, any bathroom can be transformed into a luxurious oasis.
Clever ideas to expand living spaces (MS) — Homeowners looking to add more space to their homes do not necessarily need to make major renovations. They simply have to see the possibilities in outdoor living spaces. Outdoor living spaces are coveted niches in a home. The American Home Furnishings Alliance says more than 70 percent of American households have outdoor living spaces, and nearly 70 percent of people use these spaces at least once per week in-season. Furthermore, homeowners are increasingly interested in enhancing these spaces to make them more usable and comfortable. A recent survey from the online home design and remodeling resource Houzz found that more than 4,500 users were planning a landscape update. In addition, 56 percent of homeowners surveyed were making updates to improve their yards for entertaining. While the creation of outdoor living spaces can cost thousands of dollars depending on the renovation, homeowners have more budget-friendly options at their disposal as well. The following are some ways to create inviting spaces no matter how much squarefootage is present. REVAMP A GARAGE OR SHED Rather than turning a storage area into a catch-all for items time
forgot, clean out the space and put it to better use. For instance, kids may appreciate their own clubhouse away from the main living area. These spaces also can be handy bonus rooms for when Mother Nature doesn’t cooperate and backyard guests need to seek shelter. Wall art, curtains, a pendant light, and some comfortable outdoor-compatible furniture can quickly transform a space. CREATE A RELAXING NOOK Whether there’s a ledge, overhang, small terrace, or porch off the house, turn it into a relaxing area for reading a book or sipping a beverage. Use a few outdoor pillows, pull up a small folding table and dress the area with hanging lights and potted plants for a quiet retreat. ADD PRIVACY TO A PORCH If it’s privacy you covet, install curtain rods and hang lightweight mesh or another translucent material that obscures neighbors’ views without blocking out natural light. Invest in outdoor sofas and chaises to create an outdoor living room right on the porch. If your budget allows, consider closing in the porch as a true three-season room so it can be used throughout fall, spring and summer. Outdoor living spaces are booming and highly achievable, and many such spaces need not be expensive.
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Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 9C
Make Entertaining Part of your Design
Improve entertaining spaces Some homes are seemingly built for entertaining, while others may need a little help to make them more fit for hosting dinner, holiday gatherings or an evening with friends. Overall, one-quarter of people entertain guests in their home either daily or weekly across the globe. One-third entertain monthly, according to findings from GFK Insights. People who open their homes to loved ones may want to make some modifications to their spaces to improve the experience for all involved. • Tame the clutter. Look for ways to reduce clutter in rooms where entertaining takes place. Built-ins with bookshelves and cabinets can hide electronics and wayward toys or collectibles. Focus attention on the entryway, hanging hooks for collecting coats, keys and shoes, so they do not overrun the foyer. Remove any knickknacks or other breakable items from shelves or on coffee tables to free up more space. • Improve conversation seating. Arrange tables and chairs to create conversation nooks for guests who want to talk and get to know one another better. Consider moving out big and bulky sofas in favor of love seats or comfortable chairs that will take up less room and improve flow in entertaining areas.
• Find the pieces you like. Think about how you tend to entertain and then cater your space to those preferences. For example, a large dining table with fold-out extensions or leaves is ideal for someone who regularly hosts formal dinner parties. Renovate a room to include a small bar and club chairs for a lounge feel if cocktail parties are typical. • Improve lighting. Work with an electrician and/or designer who can offer ideas for lighting that can set the mood for entertaining. Rooms that are dull and dim can benefit from overhead lighting fixtures if there are none already available. Task lighting in the kitchen under cabinets can make it easy to prepare food for guests. Wall sconces or focused lighting on artwork can establish a dramatic effect. • Do major construction. Consider working with a builder to make some changes if you simply don’t have the space to entertain. Taking down a wall can open kitchens to living spaces, while adding a deck or threeseason room off the kitchen or dining room can provide more space for guests to congregate. • Install a guest bath. Update or add a bathroom near the main entertaining areas. This allows guests to discretely use the bathroom and keeps them from roaming in areas of the house you would prefer they avoid.
How to build your home bar (MS) — Many people enjoy opening their homes to friends or family. In fact, according to the National Eating Trends survey and custom research by the NPD group, in 2016 the average person ate 38 meals at other people’s homes. Knowing how to cook, set the mood and entertain is increasingly important for many homeowners. Installing and outfitting a home bar can provide guests with the features of a night out, only without the crowds or bar tabs that come at the end of the night. A home bar is a place where hosts and their guests can gather and enjoy great conversation. Such a spot also can serve as a neighborhood hangout — a smart choice for those who want to indulge safely and not have to drive home afterward. Creating a home bar need not be a difficult project. By investing in basic equipment, stocking up on preferred liquors and gaining some mixology expertise, hosts can impress and entertain their guests. ESTABLISH A BAR SETUP Home bars can range from rolling carts to built-in wet bars to a single tray of items. Space in a home will dictate the kind of bar homeowners can have. Rolling bar carts are popular and versatile, and they can be kept stationary or rolled in and out of a room as needed. If a bar cart is open, organization is key, as you don’t want it to look unkempt. A full-blown wet bar will require more construction,
including plumbing and electricity if you need outlets for plugging in appliances. Wet bars are ideal in dens, renovated garages and finished basements. STOCK UP ON EQUIPMENT A new home bar requires barware and glassware. Various drinks are best served in requisite glassware and prepared with the right equipment. A home bar will benefit from a muddler, jigger, cocktail shaker, strainer, ice cube trays, and bar spoon. Glassware can include short glasses, tall glasses and wine glasses with stems. Martini glasses provide a chic look and are practical for those who prefer cosmopolitans and martinis. FILL IT WITH SPIRITS No bar is complete without alcohol and mixers. Homeowners can buy the types of spirits they love and complete their bars with the basics for mixing. When stocking a bar, keep in mind that everything does not have to be top-shelf. Vodka, gin, tequila, rum, and whiskey are some of the more popular spirits. Simple syrup, fresh fruit, club soda, cola, and bitters are examples of versatile mixers. Entertaining guru Martha Stewart says to have enough supplies on hand for guests. Expect each person to have three drinks (requiring three glasses), use a pound of ice, and three cocktail napkins per two-hour party. Don’t forget to also have nonalcoholic items on hand for those who don’t imbibe.
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Basement (MS) — A basement remodeling project can add valuable and usable space to a home. For many years, homeowners overlooked the potential of a basement remodel, perhaps thinking it would not be a smart return on investment. But that’s no longer the case. The latest “Cost vs. Value” report from Remodeling magazine says the average basement remodel can cost around $61,000 with a 70.3 percent recoup rate. In addition, architects and contractors indicate the cost of redoing a basement is roughly one-third to one-half less than the price of putting an addition on a home. Before remodeling a basement, homeowners should think about how they want to use the space. Homeowners also must focus on some potential obstacles in a basement that will need to be addressed so that the area can be as functional as possible. Basements can be chilly and damp. That means moisture issues and heating and cooling needs must be addressed prior to any construction. Homeowners may have to consider the installation of a dehumidifier and run venting through the basement to allow for proper climate control. If a basement takes on water, either through the walls or a concrete slab, a professional waterproofing company can come in and fix these issues so they will not damage drywall and flooring afterwards. The presence of insects and pests also must be addressed. Exterminators can help homeowners figure out which insects are in their basements and how to make the space less hospitable to these unwelcome guests so that the room will become
comfortable for human occupants. Space is often at a premium in basements, which may contain HVAC units, water heaters, filtration devices, ductwork, pipes, and the other appliances. Qualified contractors can suggest solutions for cordoning off appliances and camouflaging pipes and wires so they won’t detract from the finished product. However, building access panels into the design will make it easier to service or repair features as necessary. Homeowners also may want to wrap pipes before drywall is installed to quiet noisy drainage pipes. Uneven basement flooring will need to be smoothed out and flattened before carpeting or tile can be laid down. A self-leveling underlayment can be applied to fill in gullies, while larger cracks and holes will need to be patched. Once the structure of the basement is addressed, then the design work can begin. Many professionals advise against drop ceilings, which can take away from ceiling height and look cheap. Basements can be dark, so the addition of plenty of lighting can help brighten the room. Small basement windows can be replaced with larger ones to add more light as well. Homeowners can mimic builtins and architectural details from elsewhere in the home so the basement is aesthetically cohesive and doesn’t seem like an addition. Bookcases and shelving can add valuable storage space as well. Decorate the basement with bright, neutral colors so they make the space feel more inviting. With some effort and financial investment, basements can be as beautiful and functional as other rooms in a home.
PAGE 10C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
HOME + DESIGN Let locations inspire design
(MS) — Homeowners looking to add flair to their homes can find inspiration anywhere. Style can even be tailored to reflect places homeowners have visited. Whether they call to mind the narrow streets of London, the sand-bleached beaches of a Caribbean island or the urban buzz of New York City, designs can reflect one’s travels and evoke some of the same feelings homeowners got when visiting their favorite places. Professional interior designers often pull inspiration from unique places, and so can homeowners who love to travel. Those who want to illustrate their wanderlust through their home’s decor can consider these tips. WORK WITH COLORS Think about the colors that signify a particular locale and bring those hues into the space. The color palettes of the beach, for example, include grays, beiges, blues, and greens. The popularity of gray-tone neutrals allows homeowners to bring in these colors as a neutral backdrop, and then add a splash of whimsy with a few decorative accents.
Ideas for winter entertaining (MS) — Winter entertaining need not end once Christmas and New Year’s Day have come and gone. Getting together with friends and family is still possible even if the weather outside is frightful. When Mother Nature takes a chilly turn, those who don’t want the party can consider the following entertaining ideas. • Indulge in sweet treats. Comfort foods can make even the most blustery winds easier to tolerate. Invite people over for a dessert party. At a dessert pot luck party, everyone brings along a favorite decadent dessert, from molten lava chocolate cake to warm bread pudding. Serve alongside tea, coffee and hot chocolate. Adults can enjoy the added punch of spiked beverages, which can warm everyone up instantly. • Host a “snowed in” party. Spending a day cooped up inside when the roads are covered in snow might not be your idea of fun, but invite a mix of friends and neighbors who live nearby over, and this impromptu party can make the cabin fever disappear. Ask guests to bring one food item or beverage. Light a fire in the fireplace and set out some cozy throw blankets. If possible, invite everyone outdoors to build a snowman.
• Get physical. Get physically active with friends or family members by staging mock Olympic events in the yard. These can be fun “sports” created by participants or variations on fun winter activities. Sledding races, snowball dodging contests, ice skating obstacle courses, and much more can make for an entertaining afternoon. • Get cooking. Cooking can certainly pass the time, and it can be even more enjoyable when done in the company of others. Send out an invitation for friends to stop by for a meal or plan a meal prep party. • Host a movie marathon. Handpick some favorite films and invite everyone over for a movie marathon. Fill the family room, home theater room or living room to capacity and host a group for a film fest. If space permits, set up one room with a children’s movie for youngsters, while the adults retire to another room for movies that are more their speed. A buffet table set up with assorted snacks will help keep bellies full while guests watch some favorite flicks. Winter days and nights are ripe for entertaining possibilities. These events help squash the cabin fever that can sometimes develop during the colder times of year.
Ask these questions first before DIY
(MS) — Home improvement projects are as popular as ever. In its 2017 True Cost Survey, the home improvement site HomeAdvisor found that, between February 2016 and February 2017, homeowners spent an average of just over $5,000 on home projects. That marked a nearly $1,900 increase from the year prior, indicating that homeowners are increasingly opening their wallets to transform their homes. In addition to spending money to improve their homes, many homeowners are spending their time on projects as well. While DIY projects can provide a sense of fulfillment and personal attachment to one’s home, prospective do-it-yourselfers should ask themselves some questions before picking up their hammers and getting to work. • Do I have any physical limitations? No matter how much home improvement television shows may simplify projects, prospective DIYers should know that such undertakings are typically very difficult and oftentimes physically demanding. Homeowners with existing health conditions or other physical limitations may not be capable of performing certain tasks or may need to take frequent breaks, which can delay projects. • Do I have the time? Many home improvement projects require a significant amount of time to complete. Homeowners whose time is already stretched thin with commitments to work and/ or family may not be able to complete projects within a reasonable amount of time. That’s fine if working on a part of the home that won’t affect daily life, but can prove stressful or problematic if the project is in a room, such as a kitchen or bathroom, that residents of the home
use each day. Novice DIYers should be especially honest with themselves about the time they have available to work on the project, as such homeowners are bound to experience a few time-consuming missteps along the way. • Can I afford it? While DIY might seem more affordable than hiring a contractor, that’s not necessarily true. Novice DIYers may need to buy or rent tools, costs that can add up. Contractors already have the tools necessary to begin and complete projects, so the cost savings of DIY might not be as significant as homeowners think. Before going the DIY route, homeowners should solicit estimates from contractors, comparing the estimates to how much a project will cost if homeowners do it themselves. • Can I go it alone? Many home improvement projects require more than one set of hands, and it’s risky and even foolish for firsttime DIYers to assume they can begin a project and see it through to completion entirely on their own. Homeowners whose spouses, partners, friends, or relatives are willing to chip in may think that’s enough. However, the DIY skills of those who volunteer may be a mystery until the project begins. Novice DIYers should enlist the help of a friend or family member with home improvement experience. If no such person is available, it may be wise to hire a contractor instead. Home improvement projects may seem simple on television. But prospective do-it-yourselfers must make honest assessments of their skills, time and budgets before taking on a DIY project.
TRY NATURAL MATERIALS Vacation hotspots like Hawaii, Southern California and other areas of the Pacific tend to put heavy emphasis on natural materials. Items like bamboo, sea grass, stones, and woven baskets can invite the outdoors into a home. EMBRACE THE VIBE Urban centers are awash in energy and color. This spirit can be reflected with modern architecture, bold prints, metallic accents, and innovative lighting. PICK AN INSPIRATION PIECE Homeowners can direct their focus to one particular memento from a vacation or excursion. A vivid piece of artwork, a piece of furniture, a sculpture, or even a wardrobe element can serve as a catalyst for an entire room. Use this piece to match colors and textures. Remember, to evoke the spirit of an area when decorating, keep it subtle. Too many details or over-the-top replication might seem like one is dressing a stage set rather than his or her home.
Make the most of your
home improvement dollars (MS) ‘Home improvement projects provide homeowners with a chance to put their own stamp on their homes. In addition, many such projects make homes safer and, in some instances, more eco-friendly. The opportunity to make a home more comfortable, safer and/or more eco-friendly entices many homeowners to open their wallets. Homeowners might experience some sticker shock when researching home improvement projects or receiving estimates from contractors. But there are ways for budgetconscious homeowners to transform their homes and still make the most of their home improvement dollars. • Do your homework. Each year, Remodeling magazine publishes its “Cost vs. Value Report,” a comprehensive study of 21 popular remodeling projects in 149 United States markets. The report notes the value each project retains at resale in 100 markets across the country. Homeowners who want to get the strongest return on investment can access the “Cost vs. Value Report” (www. remodeling.how.net) to see which home improvement projects are best suited for them. • Do some of the labor yourself. Homeowners willing to swing a hammer also can stretch their home improvement dollars. Similarly, those willing to do their own demolition before the contractors arrive can
save substantial amounts of money. A professional contractor may charge $1,000 to demo a 200-square-foot deck, but homeowners who demo their own decks may spend half that much on their own. • Hire a consultant. The DIY movement is incredibly popular, no doubt thanks to television shows that may hide some of the harder details. Homeowners with DIY experience may be able to complete projects on their own with little consultation from professional contractors. Some contractors may not offer consulting services, however. The consultation route, which typically requires paying licensed contractors hourly fees to offer guidance, should only be considered by homeowners with legitimate DIY skills, for whom this option can be a great way to save money. • Schedule renovations during homeowner-friendly times of year. Summer and fall tend to be contractors’ busy seasons, and homeowners will likely pay more for projects during this time of year. If possible, delay starting projects until right after the new year, when contractors aren’t so busy and might be more flexible with pricing. Budget-conscious homeowners can employ various strategies to make the most of their home improvement dollars without sacrificing quality.
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Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 11C
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PAGE 12C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
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Tips and tricks for applying
garden mulch (MS) — Homeowners may associate mulch with springtime lawn and garden care, but mulching in fall can benefit a lawn as well. Mulch protects roots against extreme temperatures, and not just those associated with summer heat waves, but winter lows as well. Mulch is often connected with its ability to help soil retain moisture during especially warm times of the year, when mulch promotes strong roots that can help lawns and plants survive periods of extreme heat. But when applied in the fall, mulch also inhibits freezing and thawing in winter, reducing the likelihood that plants will be injured. While applying mulch in fall can be beneficial to lawns, homeowners should first consider a few factors. • Timing: Mulch being applied as winter protection should not be applied too early in the fall, as doing so may delay the soil freezing process. Homeowners should wait until after a hard frost in the fall to apply winter mulch. In many places, hard frost will not appear until late fall. • Texture: Most garden experts recommend medi-
um-textured mulch. Fine particles may pack down and retain moisture that will evaporate before it reaches the plant roots. Materials that are too coarse may be incapable of holding sufficient amounts of water to benefit the soil. • Nutrients: Humus is an organic component of soil that forms when leaves and other plant materials decompose. Organic mulches provide humus and decompose over time, adding nutrients into the soil. Use organic mulch that was composted or treated prior to application so any weeds, insects or microorganisms are killed. • Application: Correct application of the mulch is essential. Applying too much mulch can adversely affect lawns, plants and soil. In addition, excessive application can cause decay and make lawns and plants more vulnerable to disease. Homeowners uncertain about when and how to apply mulch in the fall can consult with a lawn care professional to devise a plan that ensures their lawns and gardens hold up against winter weather. Mulch may be widely associated with spring lawn care, but applying mulch in the fall can benefit lawns
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Raked leaves have many useful applications (MS) — By the time autumn hits full swing, many trees will have shed their leaves for the season, and the last vestiges of red, yellow and orange magic will have faded to brown. Raking, blowing and collecting leaves becomes the primary chores of lawn and yard maintenance, and presents most homeowners with large piles of gathered leaves to tend to. It is impossible to count just how many leaves fall to the ground each year, or just how many pounds of leaves get collected curbside, but the numbers are substantial. Cleaning up leaves is considerable work, but not all of those leaves need to be carted away. In fact, there are several different uses of leaves that can be beneficial. 1. Spread leaves as a protective mulch to cover tender perennials or root crops/bulbs in the ground. The leaves will form a natural insulating cover that keeps the soil and the plants within a bit warmer over winter. 2. Create a pile of leaves that will break down and form a crumbly, compost-like material called leaf mold. Even though leaf mold may sound like blight, it’s actually a good amendment to garden soil, improving its structure and ability to hold water. Leaf mold also attracts beneficial organisms that are vital in healthy soil. 3. Brown leaves can be added to green materials in compost piles to improve the health of the compost being formed. The ideal ratio is 75 percent brown to 25 percent green materials in compost. Turn compost piles regularly to aerate them. 4. Store dried, mulched leaves in a dry spot so they can be used in the spring as a weed barrier for spring plantings. They will keep weeds at bay and help retain soil moisture to ensure small sprouts have the resources to grow. 5. Use shredded leaves as a lawn supplement. Pass a lawn mower over leaves left on the lawn to break them down into pieces too small to rake. This will help keep the lawn healthy throughout the winter without blocking out needed sunlight. 6. Bag dried leaves and pack them tightly together in cold areas of the home, such as basements or garages. They can act as added insulation. Bags of leaves also can be placed around planting containers to protect them from frost.
7. Gather a few of the best-looking leaves and preserve them. Use an iron on a low setting and press leaves between two pieces of waxed paper until the waxed paper seals together. Or use clear contact paper to achieve the same effect. Fallen leaves can be used in many different ways throughout the year.
Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 13C
Outdoor Design Your garden’s hardscape defines the structure that follows your design (MS) — Curb appeal is beneficial in various ways. Curb appeal can make a home more attractive to prospective buyers and give existing homeowners a place they want to come home to. In its study of the worth of outdoor remodeling projects, the National Association of Realtors found standard lawn care and overall landscape upgrades were most appealing to buyers, as well as the most likely to add value to a home. Although plants, grass and other items can improve curb appeal, homeowners should not overlook hardscaping. Hardscaping is an industry term that refers to the non-living features of a landscape. These features can include everything from decks to walkways to ornamental boulders. Introducing paths or paver walls to a property helps develop that home’s hardscape. Hardscape and soft elements often work in concert to create inspiring landscape designs. DIY landscape designers can heed certain tips to make the most of hardscape features on their properties. CHOOSE MATERIALS INTENTIONALLY As with many landscaping projects, homeowners must first determine what types of additions they would like on their properties. Common hardscape features include patios, decks, walkways of pavers or bricks, and retaining walls. Hardscape elements can be functional or simply decorative features that add whimsy to the yard. SELECT A THEME The right style allows hardscaping and softscaping materials to work together. For example, homeowners may want to give their yards an eastern feel, complete with a koi pond and decorative bridge or trellis. A formal English garden, however, may include manicured paths with stepping stones and ornate topiaries. Mixing too many styles together can take away from the overall appeal. The pros suggest looking at the overall plan of the design, even if all of the work can’t be completed at once. This way the eventual finished project will be cohesive. DESIGN WITH PURPOSE Hardscaping can look good but also serve key purposes. Pebbles or gravel can mitigate trouble areas that don’t grow grass or plant life well. Retaining walls hold back soil in yards with sharply inclined hills. Mulch
can set perimeters around trees and shrubs, as well as planting beds. Fencing, another form of hardscaping, is essential for establishing property boundaries and adding privacy. CONSULT A PROFESSIONAL
While many hardscaping additions can be handled by novices, large-scale projects, such as patios and decking can change the grading of the yard. Professionals can map out how to handle drainage issues and meet building codes. In addition, professional installation
can ensure hardscaping features last for years to come. Hardscaping should blend with the nature around it and take its cues from the surrounding environment. This can help softscaping and hardscaping work as one.
Autumn is a prime time to tend lawns and gardens (MS) — Autumn is gardening season. That statement may not seem right to those who think of the spring as the peak time to care for lawns and gardens. However, autumn is an ideal time to get into the garden and ensure that flowers, trees and garden beds will overwinter successfully. A number of things make autumn a prime gardening season. The cooler days of fall enable gardeners to spend ample time outdoors without the threat of blazing heat. In addition, soil harbors a lot of residual warmth in autumn. Also, the colder temperatures haven’t yet arrived in autumn, nor have the leaves completely fallen, making fall a prime time to assess what’s already in the landscape, what needs pruning back and where to address planting for next year. Gardening enthusiasts can focus their attention on these areas this fall. • Pamper perennials. As annuals and perennials start to fall back, mark the spots where perennials are located so they can be easily identified later on. This way, when planning spots for spring bulbs or other spring layouts for next year, perennials won’t be overlooked or covered over. • Prune shrubs. Look at shrubs and trees and cut out dead or diseased wood. • Clean up borders. Weed and tidy up borders and lawn edging. • Install pavers or rock walls. Embrace the cooler temperatures to work on labor-intensive projects, such
as putting in a garden bed, retaining wall or walkway. • Remove spent summer veggies. Take out vegetable garden plants that have already bloomed and borne fruit. Tidy up vegetable gardens and start to sow cooler weather plants, such as onions, garlic, beans, and sweet peas. • Rake and compost. Rake the leaves and gather grass clippings to add to the compost pile. • Plant spring bulbs. Get tulips and other spring bulbs ready for planting so they’ll burst with color next year. • Dig up herbs. Relocate herbs like parsley or basil to indoor gardens. Otherwise, strip all leaves and freeze for storage during winter. • Consider mums. Chrysanthemum plants are perennials. While they look beautiful in pots, if planted, maintained and winterized, they can bloom every fall. • Fertilize the lawn. Fertilizing in autumn helps ensure grass will stay healthy throughout the winter. • Add mulch and compost to the garden. Replenish spent soil with mulch and compost so garden beds will be revitalized for spring planting. • Prune hedges. Tidy up hedges, as they won’t be growing much more this year. • Clean and store equipment. Clean, sharpen and oil all equipment, storing lawn and garden tools properly so they are ready for spring and not lying out all winter. Autumn may not seem like gardening season, but there are plenty of lawn and garden tasks to tend to during this time of year.
PAGE 14C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
HOME + DESIGN An energy audit can help you save money and make efficient choices
(MS) — Overconsumption of energy is a problem that plagues many homeowners. Wasting energy can hurt homeowners’ bottom lines and the planet. But many homeowners aren’t aware just how much energy their homes are consuming and even wasting. That’s why a home energy audit can be so important. A home energy audit or assessment investigates just how much energy a home consumes so homeowners can make their homes more energy efficient. Audits identify where energy is being wasted and can offer suggestions to fix the problem. The U.S. Department of Energy advises that the average U.S. household consumes around 90 million btus in a year. Of the energy used in homes, nearly 50 percent goes to heating and cooling. Water heating, appliances, electronics, and lighting account for the remaining consumption. Consumers can save between 5 and 30 percent on home energy bills by getting a home energy audit and making the adjustments advised by auditors. There are two types of energy audits: professional and do-it-yourself. Professional auditors will go roomto-room to assess a home’s energy use. Typical testing includes thermographic scans and infrared cameras to determine air leakage and insulation; a blower door test, which depressurizes the home and simulates the effect of a 20 mph wind to find air leaks; and watt meter measure-
ments to test energy usage by various devices throughout the house. Before an auditor comes to the house, homeowners can make a list of any problems or concerns they want to discuss with the auditor. The auditor also may interview the homeowner to learn about how the home normally runs and can analyze energy bills to determine typical energy consumption. Windows, doors, HVAC systems, insulation, fireplaces, and lighting fixtures all may be assessed during a professional audit. Even though a professional audit is usually the best way to determine where a home is losing energy, homeowners can conduct their own audits to detect and fix problems. Locating and sealing air leaks, addressing inadequate ventilation, checking that insulation levels and vapor barriers are at recommended levels, and inspecting HVAC systems should be part of any DIY audit. If a heating/cooling unit is more than 15 years old, the DOE suggests having it replaced with a newer, energyefficient unit. An energy audit can identify areas around a home where improvements can be made to reduce energy con(MS) — Freezing temperatures may be good for ice sumption and waste. Upgrading to new appliances, reskating or building snowmen, but sub-freezing temperaplacing light bulbs, sealing drafts, improving insulation, tures can be dangerous for the average person and his or and addressing moisture and water leaks can be good for her home. the environment and help homeowners save money. Cold weather often leaves people scurrying to do whatever is necessary to safeguard themselves from the big chill. But it’s important homeowners also protect their homes in cold weather. PLUMBING Plumbing and pipes may be vulnerable to cold weather. Frozen pipes may burst and cause substantial damage to a home, potentially causing flooding and structural damage. Homeowners should disconnect and drain garden hoses before winter arrives. Water to outdoor hose bibs should be turned off, though the valves on these outdoor faucets should be left open to drain. Also, outdoor faucets can be covered with insulating foam covers. Pipes that freeze most frequently include those in unheated areas, such as basements, attics, garages, and crawl spaces. Close vents to the outside in areas like attics and basements to limit the amount of cold air that gets indoors. Think about insulating unheated areas, as well as using pipe sleeves, heat tape or wraps on exposed pipes. By opening kitchen and bathroom cabinet doors, homeowners can allow warm air from a home to reach pipes under the sink. During extreme freezes, keep cold water dripping from a sink to prevent pipes from freezing.
Defend against winter freezing SERVICE HVAC SYSTEMS It’s important to ensure that heating systems are working properly prior to the cold-weather season. It may only take hours for the interior of a home to reach dangerously low temperatures without adequate heat. Homeowners should schedule annual checkups of furnaces and hot water heaters. Inspect the heat exchanger for cracks, install a clean air filter and make sure all thermostats are working properly. HAVE FUEL READY Homeowners who heat their homes with oil, wood or coal should make sure they have plenty of fuel on hand in advance of winter. Shortages can occur, and it may take some time for new fuel to arrive in the midst of a cold snap. As a precaution, homeowners can rely on portable space heaters to fill in the heating gaps during freezing temperatures. Exercise extreme caution with these devices, turning them off when leaving the room and remembering to avoid overloading outlets. PROTECT OUTSIDE Drain birdbaths, clean out downspouts and remove water from other items where water can freeze and cause damage. Inspect roofing prior to the snowy season, but stay off roofs during freezing weather. Remove snow shovels and other winter gear from storage and make sure the items are easily accessible during snowstorms. Winter’s bite can be severe. Homeowners can protect themselves and their properties when the freeze sets in.
Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018 — PAGE 15C
HOME + DESIGN Clean indoor air to reduce
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(MS) — Did you know that, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 25 million Americans, including roughly seven million children, have asthma? It’s true, and those numbers have steadily risen in recent years. Asthma is more than occasional wheezing or feeling out of breath during physical activity. Asthma is chronic and can lead to coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, fast breathing, and chest tightness, states the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. In the 21st century, people spend significant time indoors at home, school or work, and indoor air environments could be triggers for asthma. Improving indoor air quality can help people breathe clearly. The AAFA notes that the following agents can adversely affect indoor air quality, potentially triggering asthma attacks. ALLERGENS Allergens such as mold, dust mites, pet dander and fur, and waste from insects or rodents thrive in many homes. Ensuring indoor air quality is high can cut back on the amount of allergens in the air. People with asthma can invest in an air purifier and vacuum regularly, being sure to use a HEPA-equipped appliance. Routinely replacing HVAC system filters can help prevent allergens from blowing around the house. Also, frequent maintenance of HVAC systems will ensure they are operating safely and not contributing to poor indoor air quality. Mold can be mitigated by reducing moisture in a home. Moist environments in the kitchen and bathroom may promote
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PAGE 16C — Autumn Home + Design • Addison Independent, Thursday, October 4, 2018
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FREE ON-SITE EVALUATIONS Bristol Electronics installed our 20 panels quickly, efficiently, courteously and just the way we wanted them. Our roof is a difficult one due to our post-andbeam construction, but nevertheless, the crew was friendly, informative and just great people. Then even in the cloud cover, we began immediately to generate electricity! Furthermore (and most importantly for others deciding to install solar), the price was fair, competitive and honest. If we had another home, I’d want them to put the solar panels on that one, too! We recommend solar and Bristol Electronics without reservation! Lawrence & Cynthia Jones ~ South Starksboro The solar system that Bristol Electronics installed in 2016 has paid entirely for the power at my home and my tenants’ home since they installed it. In addition to our general electricity needs, we have also used heat pumps extensively in the summer for air conditioning and in the fall and spring for heating. I haven’t paid a “light” bill since we put the solar panels up. I made it clear that I like even rows. Since I only needed (32) panels they centered the bottom row. It came out beautiful. I look at it and I am proud of how it looks. Bristol Electronics was nice to work with and very thoughtful of my wishes throughout the project.
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We received quotes from Bristol Electronics and another well-know Vermont solar company, and were pleasantly surprised that Bristol had the better price and we preferred Bristol’s microinverter approach. Additionally we were very pleased to learn that the panels and racking system were made in the USA with some components manufactured by a Vermont company. On top of this, the folks at Bristol Electronics were such a pleasure to work with, We can’t remember a more pleasant experience when making a major investment. We had a variety of questions which they happily addressed. Their knowledgable staff was well versed with applicable regulations and requirements, building codes and even wind loading concerns. They truly went out of their way to make sure we were educated on the system and pleased with the installation. This was a very rewarding experience which began with a goal of wanting to make our home fully renewably powered by working with a team and culminated with meeting great members of our community, keeping our dollars local while also supporting other American renewable technology manufacturers. We found kindred spirits at BE and we can’t recommnd them highly enough! Megan Nedzinski and Joshua Faulkner – South Starksboro, Vt Bristol Electronics is the best! They scheduled an on-site visit within days of my call, had a price a week later and started work a week after that. They were finished in a matter of days and since I had a free standing array they even raked and seeded the area around the panels. they get top marks in everything and their customer service is beyond excellent. I highly recommend them if you want the best job for the best price! Lani Nichols – Goshen, Vt