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THE HISTORY OF SANTA CLAUS
The Magical Legend of Santa Claus 1600 years in the making
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By Robert Matsumura, Contributing Writer
s the holiday season rolls around, Santa Claus assumes center stage. But where exactly did this rotund, jovial old man in a red suit originate, and how did he become the iconic symbol of Christmas that he is today? In truth, the history of Santa Claus is a fascinating tale that intertwines folklore, legends, and a sprinkle of entrepreneurial ingenuity. Santa Claus, as we know him today, traces his roots back to a number of historical figures, each contributing to the contemporary version we know and love. Perhaps the earliest inspiration for Santa Claus was Saint Nicholas, a Christian bishop of the 4th century, renowned for his acts of kindness and gift-giving. In time, Saint Nicholas became the patron saint of children, sailors, merchants, archers and brewers, among others. In the British Isles, a character known as Father Christmas emerged during the mid-17th century and was frequently depicted as a bearded man garbed in green, symbolizing the spirit of the season. By the 18th century, however, the concepts of Father Christmas and Saint Nicholas merged, resulting in a hybrid figure that blended elements from both traditions. The American version of Santa Claus began to take shape in the 18th century. Influenced by Dutch and German settlers, the name “Santa Claus” evolved from the Dutch term “Sinterklaas.” During this period, “A Visit from St. Nicholas” (commonly known as “The Night Before Christmas”), a poem published in 1823, played a pivotal role in shaping the modern image of Santa. This poem described Santa
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as a rotund gift-giver in a red suit who utilized chimneys rather than the front door for his Christmas visits. The poem, attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, established not only Santa’s magical nighttime journey around the world delivering toys to children, but specified his vehicle of choice as a sleigh powered by eight reindeer with specific names and attributes. Also introduced in the poem was the idea of Santa monitoring children on his “naughty and nice” list and filling stockings accordingly. The classic image of Santa Claus in a red suit with a white beard was tweaked further in the 1930s due to a marketing campaign by Coca-Cola. The company’s advertisements depicted Santa as plump, rosy-cheeked, and garbed in a red and white outfit and hat. Although Santa had been portrayed in robes of other colors prior to this marketing campaign, CocaCola’s version of Santa Claus was embraced by the popular imagination and remains the image we associate with him to this day. As the holidays roll around, and images of Santa Claus abound, know that, like so many things in life, Santa has evolved from his ancient origins as Saint Nicholas and Father Christmas, to the iconic figure of Christmas cheer crafted by an imaginative poet and creative corporate advertising. One thing is for certain, whether you’re a child or an adult, the holidays would not be the same without Santa, his reindeer and the spirit of the season that he represents to so many around the world!
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BUSINESS FEATURE
AFFORDABLE FLOORS / ABBEY CARPET & FLOORS
Vote of Confidence High-quality work and satisfied customers
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Affordable Floors Abbey Carpet knows floors from one end of the room to the other because that’s all they do! Offering the best possible prices, on-site design professionals, complimentary in-home consultation and free estimates, as well as professional installation, they have it all covered. Featured products include Infinity and PetDefense carpet with the best stain resistance and softest construction on the market today and all exclusive carpet brands are manufactured in the U.S.A. Add a 60 Day Guarantee and Lifetime Warranty along with an exclusive distributorship for Bona floor products and you have no reason to shop elsewhere. “We’ve had a super awesome year!” Larry expresses. A hands-on owner, he still mans the showroom, takes orders, does measuring and completes installations. Jim Hart, who’s been with Larry for over 30 years, and Jim’s son, Jordan, are currently full-time installers for the company. Larry’s niece, Shelby, is the office manager and helps Larry handle the sales front!
By Patti Jo Brooks, Contributing Writer Photos by Henry Schifter
ffordable Floors Abbey Carpet is excited to be nominated as the Best Floor Covering Shop in the Columbia River Gorge for 2023! This special honor is voted by the community and Affordable Floors takes great pride in this recognition by its patrons. The Best of the Gorge contest, presented by Bicoastal Media Radio, highlights the best local businesses and services within the Columbia River Gorge region as valued by the community. A local Hood River business since 1992, Affordable Floors teamed up in 2002 with Abbey Carpet & Floors to expand their purchasing power nationwide. After 25 years of operation on 13th Street, the business moved to its current location on Osprey Drive which provided ample space to build a new luxury showroom. “Everybody who walks in is just in awe of the showroom,” says owner Larry Williams. “It’s eye-popping.” Supplying both residential and commercial flooring, Affordable Floors Abbey Carpet offers customers the best and largest selection of carpet, hardwood, laminate, vinyl and tile in a friendly, comfortable and helpful atmosphere. “Come see the latest and newest in floor covering designs,” says Larry, noting that there’s always something new coming in.
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Growing up in Hood River, Larry returned home from college to raise three sons with his wife of 38 years and is blessed with three granddaughters as well. When it comes time for Larry to retire, his hope is to pass along the business to a family member or close friend who will honor the personal owner/seller relationship that customers have come to trust and appreciate from Affordable Floors and Abbey Carpet & Floors. Stop by Affordable Floors Abbey Carpet Showroom at 1512 Osprey Dr., Unit B in Hood River. Give them a call at (541) 3867799 or email floors@gorge.net. For additional information or to use the room visualizer, visit hoodriver.buyabbey.com.
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THE ANGLE
TROUT FISHING
The Scoop on Spoons Score big with these time-tested simple lures
a bit upstream of yourself, and do ultra-slow reeling with some ever-so-slight twitches of the rod tip, until you start getting downstream of yourself. At that point, go for the swing — but the money is in the tumbling drift you get when the lure is just in front of you. Your line will draw out in front of the lure, causing it to wobble with an enticing flash, not quite hitting the bottom, but getting into the strike zone.
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By Lucas Holmgren, Contributing Writer
rout are a year-round species in Oregon. Whether you fish creeks, rivers or lakes, there is always a place to fish for rainbow, cutthroat and brown trout. Spoons are essentially a metal lure that is bent in a way that causes the lure to wobble or flutter without fully turning over. It is not the same as a spinner, which has a rotating blade. I have used spoons like Kastmasters, Little Cleo’s and my personal favorite, the Al’s Goldfish Neon Blue. Areas where I use spoons are in tidewater, small field creeks, large dam-controlled rivers, small natural rivers and standard “stocker” lakes. There are certain rivers where a spoon doesn’t always get it done, but in my semi-coastal region of Oregon and Washington, I have found consummate success with fishing spoons.
The Technique “The swing” is a proven method for spoon fishing. Cast across the river from yourself, draw the line tight and point your rod tip where your line is heading, and as it gets farther downstream, let it “swing” through the target water. Once it’s below you, reel up. I also “drift” spoons. Essentially, be aware of the flow and depth of the run; then cast 8 TO ADVERTISE WITH US, CALL 503.825.2111
The Gear A small spoon produces the best action when fished with a light leader. The small diameter of 6lb test is my chosen favorite. When it comes to the mainline, I prefer to fish with nothing but 6lb, so I don’t need a uni-knot or a swivel to connect a leader. An ultra-light rod with 6lb test tied directly to the spoon with a Palomar knot is so organic.
Keep in Mind When you are tying a light line to a lure, pull with one hand as far away from the knot as possible, while guiding the knot with your other. This ensures that no harmful stretch is imparted to the line near the knot.
Key Tactics A spoon is a “cover water” lure. Don’t spend all day making the same cast over and over. Move from hole to hole. In lakes, I will cast out as far as I can and vary speed and location. Every day is different. Sometimes it’s a slow retrieve close to the bottom, other days I’m cranking it in fast to where it’s inches below the surface. You simply need to vary your retrieve until you figure out the day’s pattern. Many fish species love to bite spoons, and trout are no exception. Give it a shot!
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“The Muppet Christmas Carol” (1992) Like all Jim Henson movies, “The Muppet Christmas Carol” is an instant classic. Full of many upbeat musical numbers, funny animal characters, solid jokes, heart and humanity, this is a family-friendly take on Charles Dickens’ 1843 novel “A Christmas Carol.” In the classic story, Ebenzer Scrooge, played here by a curmudgeonly Michael Caine, has grown into an old, lonely miser near Christmas. The Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future visit him on Christmas Eve and show him the folly of his ways — choosing money over love, family and friends — and the dire, lonely future that awaits him unless he decides to change. This movie is equally funny and heartwarming as it is a sobering wake-up call to the things that matter most. Also starring Frank Oz, Dave Goelz, Steve Whitmire, Steven Mackintosh, Robin Weaver and more. Rated G — 5 & up due to some scary visuals.
“Home Alone” (1990) By far my favorite Christmas movie, Chris Columbus’ “Home Alone” is a hilarious and heartfelt movie about family and redemption. Kevin McCallister (Macaulay Culkin), troublemaker and the youngest child in a large family, always feels forgotten and resented, and that’s even more apparent when he’s left home alone while his whole family flies to Paris for Christmas. Instead of panicking, Kevin relishes his time alone and becomes more independent — watching inappropriate movies, eating junk food, shooting a BB gun inside, but also grocery shopping and doing laundry. Eventually he runs into local cat burglars Harry and Marv (Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern), who plan to rob his house. And that’s when the fun and chaos escalate into what I consider the greatest prank scenes ever filmed. Scored by John Williams and also starring Catherine O’Hara, John Heard, Kieran Caulkin, John Candy and more. Rated PG for violence and coarse language.
“The Grinch” (2018) Yet another Grinch movie begs the question — how many do we need? Apparently a few more, as this iteration inhabits its own little modern world and adds to the everexpanding Grinch mythology. Narrated by Pharell Williams and starring Benedict Cumberbatch as the Grinch, the story is simple — the Grinch hates Christmas and the Whos want to make it bigger and brighter than ever, much to his annoyance. A nod and protege to Ron Howard’s “A Grinch Stole Christmas” with a scene-stealing Jim Carrey, this movie is fast-paced, quick-witted and incredibly scored. The music, however, is a very modern take, done by Pharrell Williams and including a combo of classic Christmas, pop, hip hop and acapella. Because this is fully computeranimated, the movie has no limits and is a true visual spectacle. Also starring Cameron Seely, Rashida Jones, Kenan Thompson, Mindy Sterling, Angela Lansbury and more. Rated PG for brief rude humor.
Stream these movies where available, or rent from your local movie store, library or rental kiosk.
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Whisk together heavy cream, whole milk, sugar and molasses in saucepan. Add ginger. Bring to simmer over medium heat. Whisk periodically to dissolve sugar. Once it simmers, turn off heat. Do not bring to a boil. Whisk egg yolks, vanilla, cinnamon, allspice, cloves and salt constantly for about three minutes. Add ¼ cup of cream mixture at a time into egg mixture, whisking constantly. Repeat a few times. Add mixture back to saucepan with rest of cream. Whisking constantly over medium heat, bring back to a simmer. Do not boil. Cook until mixture thickens and covers back of wooden spoon (six to 10 minutes). Turn off heat and stir in orange zest. Steep for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent a film from forming. Pour mixture over fine-mesh sieve into large bowl and place plastic wrap directly on top of the custard’s surface. Refrigerate at least four hours (overnight is ideal). Pour custard into ice cream maker and churn according to instructions. In final couple minutes of churning, add crushed ginger snaps. Pour into airtight container and freeze for a few hours. Enjoy!
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HISTORY
THE HISTORY OF COFFEE
The Humble Bean to Bold Beverage From 9th century North Africa to your local cafe By Robert Matsumura, Contributing Writer
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s rain falls from the skies of the Pacific Northwest, so too does coffee pour into the cups of local residents adding pep to their step and steamy, warm, comfort to lift the spirits. But where did coffee come from in the first place, and just how did it become one of the most popular beverages around the world? While no one can definitively pinpoint precisely when coffee was invented, nor the name of the first person to roast coffee beans, grind them, and mix them with water, historians agree that coffee originated in the areas of modern-day Ethiopia and Yemen. Legend tells of a 9th century goat herder named Kaldi, who noticed that his goats, after eating coffee berries, became so energetic that they barely slept all night. Kaldi reported his discovery to the abbot of a local monastery who brewed a drink with the berries which increased alertness for the monks through their long hours of evening prayers. It wasn’t long before word spread to the nearby Arabian Peninsula of the miraculous drink, and traders 14 TO ADVERTISE WITH US, CALL 503.825.2111
eventually Clement himself, after tasting the new beverage, introduced found it pleasing. Instead of banning coffee, he coffee bestowed his blessing upon the drink. With the throughout Pope’s blessing, the green light went on for coffee the region. throughout Christendom. Illustration of Kaldi While As for the Americas, coffee crossed the Kaldi and the coffee drinking monks are Atlantic in the 17th and 18th centuries from anything but a historical fact, it is known Europe. In North America, coffee arrived in the for certain that by the 15th century, New World from the British via New Amsterdam coffee houses had spread throughout the — later renamed New York by the American Near East. From Turkey to Egypt, these colonists. One event in particular that served establishments became not only places as the impetus for coffee culture in the United to enjoy a hot cup of coffee, but popular States was the tax on tea levied on the colonists spots to socialize, listen to music, play by King George games, and learn of current events. III. The subsequent As for Europe, historians point to Boston Tea Party that the Siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683 erupted as a result as one of the key events instrumental of this tax spurred in the spread of coffee to the West. In many Americans to the aftermath of the war, coffee from abandon tea for coffee, the Turks made its way to Viennese to the point that locals who became enamored with the Thomas Jefferson later new beverage. As time passed, coffee proclaimed coffee as houses emerged not only in Vienna, but “the favorite drink of throughout Austria and neighboring the civilized world.” countries as well. It is the Austrians who The Caribbean, are credited with the addition of milk Central, and South and sugar to coffee. America owe their Around the same time, the beverage coffee industry to a young French naval officer, Gabriel also arrived in Italy, likely through Venetian traders who ranged throughout de Clieu, who smuggled a seedling from a coffee plant in the Middle East and North Africa. the Royal Botanical Garden in While coffee provoked suspicion in Paris (the plant had been a gift from some, such as the advisors of Pope the Mayor of Amsterdam to King Louis Clement VIII who went so far as to XIV) and transported it across the Atlantic call it the “bitter invention of Satan,”
to the island of Martinique, despite attempts by a saboteur to kill the plant, an attack by pirates, and severe storms at sea. This hardy seedling went on to parent all the coffee trees cultivated throughout this part of the world — a region that has become one of the premier coffee production areas on the planet. Brazil’s famous coffee owes its start to Francisco de Melo Palheta, who was dispatched by the governor of Brazil to help mediate a conflict between neighboring French and Dutch Guiana. Arriving in Cayenne, the capital city of French Guiana, part of Palheta’s mission was to smuggle some coffee plants which were closely guarded by the French. As the story goes, a romantic dalliance between Palheta and the wife of the Governor of Cayenne led to her passing a bouquet to a Brazilian officer containing a coffee seedling concealed among the flowers. This seedling was supposedly the progenitor of Brazil’s coffee industry. Whether the romantic part of the story is true or not, it is documented that Palheta was successful in bringing thousands of coffee seeds and several plants back to Brazil. Gabriel de Clieu By the 18th century, coffee had grown to be one of the world’s most profitable commodities. Consumption and popularity in the U.S. grew, particularly during the Civil War, and enterprising businessmen such as brothers John and Charles Arbuckle grew wealthy selling pre-roasted coffee by the pound to cowboys in the West. James Folger, who peddled coffee to gold miners in California, also profited greatly. Big name coffee brands including Maxwell House and Hills Brothers quickly followed suit. Following World War II, instant coffee was developed, simplifying the coffee-making process, though not necessarily improving the flavor. With the emergence of Starbucks in Seattle in 1971, the quality of coffee available to the consumer improved through better sourcing and preparation techniques. Consistent, quality coffee became available to people across America, with beverages tailored specifically to the palate of each individual customer. Today, the coffee revolution has evolved. Small, independently owned coffee shops are taking it to
the next level. A focus on sustainability, local roasting, and fair trade beans are at the forefront of the new movement. Sourcing, roasting techniques, and brewing methods are all aspects of the equation that today’s coffee entrepreneurs are relentlessly improving in their drive to bring the highest quality coffee to market. So, the next time you’re enjoying a steaming coffee beverage — whether it be a latte, mocha, cold brew, espresso, or just a plain old cup of Joe — know that the history behind the humble coffee bean, and its evolution through time, was a long and arduous journey filled with lively characters, distant places, and enterprising individuals who treasured this miraculous bean of the tropics. READ MORE AT CITYHANDSHAKE.COM 15
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