Cohousing in Barcelona

Architecture from for the Community Cohousing in Barcelona

David Lorente, Tomoko Sakamoto, Ricardo Devesa, Marta Bugés (eds.)

Architecture from for the Community Cohousing in Barcelona

David Lorente, Tomoko Sakamoto, Ricardo Devesa, Marta Bugés (eds.)

Index

Expansive housing: From house to village 6 Marta Bugés in conversation with Ricardo Devesa, Tomoko Sakamoto and David Lorente

Right-to-use cooperative cohousing 12 Office of the Councillor for Housing and Renovation and Office of the Housing Manager at Barcelona City Council

Cooperative cohousing 20 Lacol

Sostre Cívic, for a new roof over the right to housing 50 Carles Alcoba - Sostre Cívic

Popular right-to-use cooperative cohousing 95 La Dinamo Fundació

Financing: An essential pillar of access to right-to-use housing 122 Paco Herrero - Llar Jove SCCL

The contribution of housing cooperatives to sustainability 158 Societat Orgànica

Guaranteeing the non-speculative nature of cooperative housing 186 Cristina Grau Works and projects

Princesa49 La Borda La Balma La Diversa Sotrac Abril La Chalmeta La Regadora Empriu Cirerers Ruderal La Morada La Xarxaire La Domèstika La Bombeta Can 70 Torrent Viu Sant Andreu 34

80

54

94

96

126

152

100

130

132

154

182

206

162

184

192

210

Conversations

Joan Barba (JBE Arquitectes Associats) and Eulàlia Tubau (Sostre Cívic) 38 Carles Baiges (Lacol) and Lali Daví (La Dinamo Fundació) 58 Pau Vidal (Pau Vidal Office) and Sònia Hernández (Arquitectura Sana) 106 Diego Carrillo (Celobert) 136 Lis Figueras and Toni Vidal (La Mar d’arquitectes) 166 Marta Peris and José Toral (Peris+Toral Arquitectes), and Jaume Elias (Can 70) 196

102

Index

Expansive housing: From house to village 6 Marta Bugés in conversation with Ricardo Devesa, Tomoko Sakamoto and David Lorente

Right-to-use cooperative cohousing 12 Office of the Councillor for Housing and Renovation and Office of the Housing Manager at Barcelona City Council

Cooperative cohousing 20 Lacol

Sostre Cívic, for a new roof over the right to housing 50 Carles Alcoba - Sostre Cívic

Popular right-to-use cooperative cohousing 95 La Dinamo Fundació

Financing: An essential pillar of access to right-to-use housing 122 Paco Herrero - Llar Jove SCCL

The contribution of housing cooperatives to sustainability 158 Societat Orgànica

Guaranteeing the non-speculative nature of cooperative housing 186 Cristina Grau Works and projects

Princesa49 La Borda La Balma La Diversa Sotrac Abril La Chalmeta La Regadora Empriu Cirerers Ruderal La Morada La Xarxaire La Domèstika La Bombeta Can 70 Torrent Viu Sant Andreu 34

80

54

94

96

126

152

100

130

132

154

182

206

162

184

192

210

Conversations

Joan Barba (JBE Arquitectes Associats) and Eulàlia Tubau (Sostre Cívic) 38 Carles Baiges (Lacol) and Lali Daví (La Dinamo Fundació) 58 Pau Vidal (Pau Vidal Office) and Sònia Hernández (Arquitectura Sana) 106 Diego Carrillo (Celobert) 136 Lis Figueras and Toni Vidal (La Mar d’arquitectes) 166 Marta Peris and José Toral (Peris+Toral Arquitectes), and Jaume Elias (Can 70) 196

102

6

7 Marta Bugés: Why did you decide to publish a book about cooperative housing?

And why right-to-use cohousing in Barcelona?

Ricardo Devesa [RD] One of the fundamental purposes of architecture is the care of the people who inhabit it, especially in residential architecture. The spatial design disciplines, however, should also aspire to improving human relationships. To making urban environments more accessible and liveable, in an inclusive and sustainable way. This book was born from the interest in looking at recent cohousing experiences as an alternative model of community living, with a clear benefit for the individual but also for the community of residents and, beyond that, for the surrounding neighbourhood and for the city as a whole.

Tomoko Sakamoto [TS] Barcelona is an international benchmark for architecture, urban planning and design, precisely because of the constant innovation, experimentation and reflection that focuses on the city. Along those lines, the model of right-to-use cooperative housing, as we learn in the text contributed by the Barcelona City Council Housing Department, began as a pilot project in 2014. A framework agreement, called the ESAL agreement, was eventually signed in 2020 with the most significant entities in the sector of social and cooperative housing in order to prevent housing speculation and promote a new way of living in community, based on participation and solidarity.

Expansive housing: From house to village

Where are we now in the implementation of that model? How has it become an alternative to social housing?

David Lorente [DL] Today, more than 150 families are living within this kind of cooperative framework on municipal land in Barcelona. There aren’t enough available units, true, but they do exist, and they offer a more supportive, sustainable and humane housing alternative. By 2025, the estimate is that there will be 535 units. Hopefully, in just a few years, many more families will be able to participate in this non-profit model of access to housing: as a right and not as a commodity. Right-to-use cooperative housing will help cities improve in terms of solidarity, social justice, and sustainability.

How did you structure the book, and how did you gather the cohousing experiences in Barcelona?

The structure of the book centers the focus of attention on architecture as a tool for formalizing a model of living and dwelling in community, but it also looks at how participation plays a role in the processes of the design and maintenance of architecture. That’s why we’ve given a voice to all the agents who are involved in the cohousing model: members of the cooperatives, architects, experts in energy and environmental

Marta Bugés in conversation with Ricardo Devesa, Tomoko Sakamoto i David Lorente

RD

6

7 Marta Bugés: Why did you decide to publish a book about cooperative housing?

And why right-to-use cohousing in Barcelona?

Ricardo Devesa [RD] One of the fundamental purposes of architecture is the care of the people who inhabit it, especially in residential architecture. The spatial design disciplines, however, should also aspire to improving human relationships. To making urban environments more accessible and liveable, in an inclusive and sustainable way. This book was born from the interest in looking at recent cohousing experiences as an alternative model of community living, with a clear benefit for the individual but also for the community of residents and, beyond that, for the surrounding neighbourhood and for the city as a whole.

Tomoko Sakamoto [TS] Barcelona is an international benchmark for architecture, urban planning and design, precisely because of the constant innovation, experimentation and reflection that focuses on the city. Along those lines, the model of right-to-use cooperative housing, as we learn in the text contributed by the Barcelona City Council Housing Department, began as a pilot project in 2014. A framework agreement, called the ESAL agreement, was eventually signed in 2020 with the most significant entities in the sector of social and cooperative housing in order to prevent housing speculation and promote a new way of living in community, based on participation and solidarity.

Expansive housing: From house to village

Where are we now in the implementation of that model? How has it become an alternative to social housing?

David Lorente [DL] Today, more than 150 families are living within this kind of cooperative framework on municipal land in Barcelona. There aren’t enough available units, true, but they do exist, and they offer a more supportive, sustainable and humane housing alternative. By 2025, the estimate is that there will be 535 units. Hopefully, in just a few years, many more families will be able to participate in this non-profit model of access to housing: as a right and not as a commodity. Right-to-use cooperative housing will help cities improve in terms of solidarity, social justice, and sustainability.

How did you structure the book, and how did you gather the cohousing experiences in Barcelona?

The structure of the book centers the focus of attention on architecture as a tool for formalizing a model of living and dwelling in community, but it also looks at how participation plays a role in the processes of the design and maintenance of architecture. That’s why we’ve given a voice to all the agents who are involved in the cohousing model: members of the cooperatives, architects, experts in energy and environmental

Marta Bugés in conversation with Ricardo Devesa, Tomoko Sakamoto i David Lorente

RD

22

23

Cooperative cohousing

Right-to-use cooperative housing projects in Barcelona 2015—2023

Average monthly rent by neighbourhood (€/month) 300

Pilot projects First tender Second tender

500 1,000

ESAL Agreement Private land

1,600

Average Monthly Rent (HCCS)

22

23

Cooperative cohousing

Right-to-use cooperative housing projects in Barcelona 2015—2023

Average monthly rent by neighbourhood (€/month) 300

Pilot projects First tender Second tender

500 1,000

ESAL Agreement Private land

1,600

Average Monthly Rent (HCCS)

28 Typologies adapted to new ways of living

At a time when the traditional hetero­ normative nuclear family is no longer the only model of cohousing and relationship networks are taking on new forms, architecture and housing infrastructure must respond to new needs. Moreover, with a feminist perspective on the concept of dwelling, and the de-hierarchisation of the parts of the home by taking into account the whole, we can begin to imagine ‘disjointed houses’ and understand that housing is the whole building, such that the boundaries between rooms, dwellings and the building dissolve.

Shared flats Some projects include shared flats, not in line with our current idea of flats usually shared by young people on a temporary basis, but as a path to residential emancipation. In this case, private rooms are larger, and residents can enjoy common areas when they want to socialize with others.

Cluster typology The term cluster describes a type of housing design and distribution implemented in community projects over the past 10 years, especially in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. It is a housing model in which a small set of complete individual dwellings—with a bathroom and kitchen—are grouped around shareduse spaces (kitchen, dining room, living rooms, etc.) to encourage community life.

The cluster functions as a small community and is autonomous when it comes to organising its daily operations concerning the rest of the cooperative.

Satellite rooms Satellite rooms are physically disconnected from the house but belong to it. They are a way of facilitating flexibility over time in our way of living and represent temporary rooms for young members of the family who will soon be emancipated, or a work space separated from domesticity. Since they do not form part of the home it is easier to transfer their use to another unit without having to do any construction.

29

Cooperative cohousing

Housing Community spaces Satellite rooms Kitchen Bathroom

Traditional housing

Cluster

Satellite rooms

Shared flats

Cirerers

Can 70

La Morada

La Balma

Torrent Viu 14.7%

La Chalmeta Cluster floor 717 m2 447 m2 housing

La Domèstika

21.2%

120 m2 community spaces 150 m2 common spaces

64.2%

12.1%

La Borda

Cluster floor 530 m2 349 m housing 2

124 m2 community spaces

Sotrac

Abril 24.5%

57 m2 common spaces 63.4%

Cluster floor 530 m2

Ruderal

349 m2 housing

Empriu

98 m2 community spaces 57 m2 common spaces 26 m2 satellite rooms

10.8%

4.9%

18.5% 65.8%

La Regadora

La Diversa

Princesa49

La Xarxaire

28 Typologies adapted to new ways of living

At a time when the traditional hetero­ normative nuclear family is no longer the only model of cohousing and relationship networks are taking on new forms, architecture and housing infrastructure must respond to new needs. Moreover, with a feminist perspective on the concept of dwelling, and the de-hierarchisation of the parts of the home by taking into account the whole, we can begin to imagine ‘disjointed houses’ and understand that housing is the whole building, such that the boundaries between rooms, dwellings and the building dissolve.

Shared flats Some projects include shared flats, not in line with our current idea of flats usually shared by young people on a temporary basis, but as a path to residential emancipation. In this case, private rooms are larger, and residents can enjoy common areas when they want to socialize with others.

Cluster typology The term cluster describes a type of housing design and distribution implemented in community projects over the past 10 years, especially in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. It is a housing model in which a small set of complete individual dwellings—with a bathroom and kitchen—are grouped around shareduse spaces (kitchen, dining room, living rooms, etc.) to encourage community life.

The cluster functions as a small community and is autonomous when it comes to organising its daily operations concerning the rest of the cooperative.

Satellite rooms Satellite rooms are physically disconnected from the house but belong to it. They are a way of facilitating flexibility over time in our way of living and represent temporary rooms for young members of the family who will soon be emancipated, or a work space separated from domesticity. Since they do not form part of the home it is easier to transfer their use to another unit without having to do any construction.

29

Cooperative cohousing

Housing Community spaces Satellite rooms Kitchen Bathroom

Traditional housing

Cluster

Satellite rooms

Shared flats

Cirerers

Can 70

La Morada

La Balma

Torrent Viu 14.7%

La Chalmeta Cluster floor 717 m2 447 m2 housing

La Domèstika

21.2%

120 m2 community spaces 150 m2 common spaces

64.2%

12.1%

La Borda

Cluster floor 530 m2 349 m housing 2

124 m2 community spaces

Sotrac

Abril 24.5%

57 m2 common spaces 63.4%

Cluster floor 530 m2

Ruderal

349 m2 housing

Empriu

98 m2 community spaces 57 m2 common spaces 26 m2 satellite rooms

10.8%

4.9%

18.5% 65.8%

La Regadora

La Diversa

Princesa49

La Xarxaire

80

La Balma

Cooperative housing is ‘city making’ in the urban context of the project, developing a process to adapt to reality, giving new meaning to the territory based on its imprints and locales, and opening up community spaces at the street level to weave in collaborations with the neighbourhood.

81

80

La Balma

Cooperative housing is ‘city making’ in the urban context of the project, developing a process to adapt to reality, giving new meaning to the territory based on its imprints and locales, and opening up community spaces at the street level to weave in collaborations with the neighbourhood.

81

84

85

La Balma

Can Felipa Civic Centre 350 m 5 min

Residence 20 m 1 min Secondary school 10 m 1 min Primary care centre 200 m 2 min

Sala Beckett Theatre 450 m 6 min

Barcelona History Museum (MUHBA) Oliva Artés Building 250 m 3 min

‘We’re experimenting, one project at a time.

In La Balma, for example, the issue of radiant walls or geothermal energy was introduced.

Using wood completely changed the system compared to La Borda. Some things seem to repeat themselves because we learn as we go.’

Carles Baiges (Lacol)

La Balma is located on a green axis full of neighbourhood facilities and aims to collaborate as another facility along this axis.

‘City making’ is one of the values of cooperative housing.

84

85

La Balma

Can Felipa Civic Centre 350 m 5 min

Residence 20 m 1 min Secondary school 10 m 1 min Primary care centre 200 m 2 min

Sala Beckett Theatre 450 m 6 min

Barcelona History Museum (MUHBA) Oliva Artés Building 250 m 3 min

‘We’re experimenting, one project at a time.

In La Balma, for example, the issue of radiant walls or geothermal energy was introduced.

Using wood completely changed the system compared to La Borda. Some things seem to repeat themselves because we learn as we go.’

Carles Baiges (Lacol)

La Balma is located on a green axis full of neighbourhood facilities and aims to collaborate as another facility along this axis.

‘City making’ is one of the values of cooperative housing.

96

97

Sotrac

Sotrac: The project includes 38 residential units and community spaces open to the neighbourhood

La Borda: Sotrac was founded by its prospective members, with the intention of reproducing the cooperative housing model

Can Batlló: Self-managed, community-centric neighbourhood space, of which Sotrac is a part, and where assemblies are held

Block 12 and its immediate surroundings: Future park that incorporates the structure of Block 12 as a facility in the green space

Sotrac

Satellite rooms

The cluster

Satellite rooms are introduced to provide a greater degree of flexibility: two per floor, for a total of 10. These self-contained rooms, equipped with shared or private bathrooms, make it possible to expanded or reduce the different residential units in a discontinuous way, offering possibilities for a wide variety of uses: working from home, added autonomy for seniors or teenagers, play spaces or study spaces for children, guest rooms for relatives or friends, etc.

Additionally, one of the residential floors is allocated for a cluster, an innovative type of housing design and distribution, seen in community projects in countries like Switzerland, Germany and Austria. In this housing model, a series of small living spaces are grouped around shared spaces (kitchen, dining room and reading/workspace) to further promote collective living during everyday activities.

Community terrace

Laundry

Empriu: Plot intended for the cooperative housing project in rightto-use, of 40 homes

Wind

2020 — on-going

Transformation of the Can Batlló complex, which includes a large park and facilities for the neighbourhood and the city

Guest rooms

Location

La Bordeta.

Sants - Montjuïc Carrer de la Constitució, 43

Developer

Sotrac SCCL / La Dinamo Fundació Architects

Lacol

Collaborations Societat Orgànica, PAuS (Dani Calatayud and Coque Claret), M7 Enginyers, Arkenova, Arrevolt, Miguel Nevado and Àurea Acústica Programme 38 residential units with spaces for community use and a space for the social economy and solidarity Design 2020 Surface area 3,596 m2 Construction Estimate (Hard Costs) €4,400,000

West

The Sotrac housing cooperative won a public tender organized by the Barcelona City Council in 2020 to develop plots reserved for cooperative housing. The lot is part of the Can Batlló complex and is just 100 meters from La Borda. The building will have 38 units distributed over six stories, one of which will adopt a ‘cluster’ format, plus several community spaces and a space intended for a project related to the social economy and solidarity.

All the units are meant to have the same orientation (south-southwest) in order to provide equal interior-­ exterior and visual conditions, a close connection to the park, maximum solar capture conditions, and adequate cross ventilation.

The areas with worse orientation are allocated for vertical circulations and complementary spaces.

The ground floor aims to act as an infrastructure that can remain partially open to the neighbourhood; it the most public space in the building and where most of the c ­ ommunity

spaces are located. There are several types of community spaces according to their degree of openness to the neighbourhood: the main entrances, the kitchen-dining room, a multi-purpose space, and a more domestic zone for children or for use as a workspace.

The design of the building takes into account universal accessibility, inclusivity and the gender perspective both in the private living spaces and in the different community spaces.

Flexibility of the building and new residential models All the units are floor-through with direct access from a walkway in the courtyard and large terraces facing the park. Units of different sizes and varying morphologies are designed to meet the needs of the different co-living groups.

Wind

Orientation S-SW South

Commercial space

The satellite rooms

Multipurpose room

Kitchen, living room, dining room

Ground floor

The cluster

96

97

Sotrac

Sotrac: The project includes 38 residential units and community spaces open to the neighbourhood

La Borda: Sotrac was founded by its prospective members, with the intention of reproducing the cooperative housing model

Can Batlló: Self-managed, community-centric neighbourhood space, of which Sotrac is a part, and where assemblies are held

Block 12 and its immediate surroundings: Future park that incorporates the structure of Block 12 as a facility in the green space

Sotrac

Satellite rooms

The cluster

Satellite rooms are introduced to provide a greater degree of flexibility: two per floor, for a total of 10. These self-contained rooms, equipped with shared or private bathrooms, make it possible to expanded or reduce the different residential units in a discontinuous way, offering possibilities for a wide variety of uses: working from home, added autonomy for seniors or teenagers, play spaces or study spaces for children, guest rooms for relatives or friends, etc.

Additionally, one of the residential floors is allocated for a cluster, an innovative type of housing design and distribution, seen in community projects in countries like Switzerland, Germany and Austria. In this housing model, a series of small living spaces are grouped around shared spaces (kitchen, dining room and reading/workspace) to further promote collective living during everyday activities.

Community terrace

Laundry

Empriu: Plot intended for the cooperative housing project in rightto-use, of 40 homes

Wind

2020 — on-going

Transformation of the Can Batlló complex, which includes a large park and facilities for the neighbourhood and the city

Guest rooms

Location

La Bordeta.

Sants - Montjuïc Carrer de la Constitució, 43

Developer

Sotrac SCCL / La Dinamo Fundació Architects

Lacol

Collaborations Societat Orgànica, PAuS (Dani Calatayud and Coque Claret), M7 Enginyers, Arkenova, Arrevolt, Miguel Nevado and Àurea Acústica Programme 38 residential units with spaces for community use and a space for the social economy and solidarity Design 2020 Surface area 3,596 m2 Construction Estimate (Hard Costs) €4,400,000

West

The Sotrac housing cooperative won a public tender organized by the Barcelona City Council in 2020 to develop plots reserved for cooperative housing. The lot is part of the Can Batlló complex and is just 100 meters from La Borda. The building will have 38 units distributed over six stories, one of which will adopt a ‘cluster’ format, plus several community spaces and a space intended for a project related to the social economy and solidarity.

All the units are meant to have the same orientation (south-southwest) in order to provide equal interior-­ exterior and visual conditions, a close connection to the park, maximum solar capture conditions, and adequate cross ventilation.

The areas with worse orientation are allocated for vertical circulations and complementary spaces.

The ground floor aims to act as an infrastructure that can remain partially open to the neighbourhood; it the most public space in the building and where most of the c ­ ommunity

spaces are located. There are several types of community spaces according to their degree of openness to the neighbourhood: the main entrances, the kitchen-dining room, a multi-purpose space, and a more domestic zone for children or for use as a workspace.

The design of the building takes into account universal accessibility, inclusivity and the gender perspective both in the private living spaces and in the different community spaces.

Flexibility of the building and new residential models All the units are floor-through with direct access from a walkway in the courtyard and large terraces facing the park. Units of different sizes and varying morphologies are designed to meet the needs of the different co-living groups.

Wind

Orientation S-SW South

Commercial space

The satellite rooms

Multipurpose room

Kitchen, living room, dining room

Ground floor

The cluster

132

Cirerers

Cooperative housing is the participatory design of the spaces in a building that go beyond the housing itself.

Access points, transitions, movement, landings, roofs, etc., are also domestic spaces that can welcome multiple forms of community life and create its identity.

133

132

Cirerers

Cooperative housing is the participatory design of the spaces in a building that go beyond the housing itself.

Access points, transitions, movement, landings, roofs, etc., are also domestic spaces that can welcome multiple forms of community life and create its identity.

133

136

Cirerers

Origins of the project

ge fe es sa du an ff

no lo a

n

Pa y

i

Resources

fin De

Al lo c a n a t io n df ina of l nc a nd ing

Users

S o ES isi el ov OC pr od PR GN ice nm SI rv tio DE Se ita RY ab TO oh IPA IC fc RT no PA t io

Born in 2010, Celobert is a cooperative of architects, engineers and urban planners. At the time, it was one of the first working cooperatives of architects in the country. It was established in the context of the 2008 financial crisis, which was especially bad for the architecture sector, and hoped to reinvent the profession and remove it somewhat from the stigma of real estate speculation. The foundations of our project were the right to housing, accessible housing models, environmentalism and a commitment to climate change and participatory processes. Before that, in 2003, we participated in the founding of Sostre Cívic, which was later established as a cooperative in 2010.

COMMUNITY LIFE

Technical team

Support agents Arç

Building and construction insurance

At first, we were a team of about Matriu Sostre Cívic Col·lectiu Ronda 15 people organised into two departManagement Barcelona City Fiare Banca Ètica Council Financing ments: a housing and urban planning La Constructiva Celobert Transfer of public Construction department devoted to advising city Architecture land use rights and engineering councils and the public sector on the Intercooperation diagram implementation of housing and urban planning policies; and an architecture and engineering department more focused on building, including both reformation and new a technical team with its own ideas and strategic construction, and with a major emphasis on environlines. For this reason, they also initially participated in mental protection. a series of technical decisions affecting the architecture. In the initial phase, it was a dialogue between the Celobert had always been focused on cooperative housing, and thanks to our history with Sostre Cívic, technical team of Sostre Cívic, the main group of initial we decided to submit a joint proposal for this lot. In users and Celobert, which later made the proposals the case of Cirerers, Sostre Cívic was responsible based on this dialogue. for everything related to the people who wanted to apply and form a group, and the non-architectural Project commitments aspects of the development. Celobert was in charge of the architectural proposal, which was the winner in The project has three major commitments: to the city, the end. the community, and the environment. In the urban context, the building preserves the line of the citySostre Cívic is a housing cooperative model that scape through two decisions that shape the project. works in phases, with several parallel projects in On the one hand, the layout for the façade on the third the development and cohabitations phases. It has Facilitation

Legal advice

A conversation with Diego Carrillo Architect Celobert

137

136

Cirerers

Origins of the project

ge fe es sa du an ff

no lo a

n

Pa y

i

Resources

fin De

Al lo c a n a t io n df ina of l nc a nd ing

Users

S o ES isi el ov OC pr od PR GN ice nm SI rv tio DE Se ita RY ab TO oh IPA IC fc RT no PA t io

Born in 2010, Celobert is a cooperative of architects, engineers and urban planners. At the time, it was one of the first working cooperatives of architects in the country. It was established in the context of the 2008 financial crisis, which was especially bad for the architecture sector, and hoped to reinvent the profession and remove it somewhat from the stigma of real estate speculation. The foundations of our project were the right to housing, accessible housing models, environmentalism and a commitment to climate change and participatory processes. Before that, in 2003, we participated in the founding of Sostre Cívic, which was later established as a cooperative in 2010.

COMMUNITY LIFE

Technical team

Support agents Arç

Building and construction insurance

At first, we were a team of about Matriu Sostre Cívic Col·lectiu Ronda 15 people organised into two departManagement Barcelona City Fiare Banca Ètica Council Financing ments: a housing and urban planning La Constructiva Celobert Transfer of public Construction department devoted to advising city Architecture land use rights and engineering councils and the public sector on the Intercooperation diagram implementation of housing and urban planning policies; and an architecture and engineering department more focused on building, including both reformation and new a technical team with its own ideas and strategic construction, and with a major emphasis on environlines. For this reason, they also initially participated in mental protection. a series of technical decisions affecting the architecture. In the initial phase, it was a dialogue between the Celobert had always been focused on cooperative housing, and thanks to our history with Sostre Cívic, technical team of Sostre Cívic, the main group of initial we decided to submit a joint proposal for this lot. In users and Celobert, which later made the proposals the case of Cirerers, Sostre Cívic was responsible based on this dialogue. for everything related to the people who wanted to apply and form a group, and the non-architectural Project commitments aspects of the development. Celobert was in charge of the architectural proposal, which was the winner in The project has three major commitments: to the city, the end. the community, and the environment. In the urban context, the building preserves the line of the citySostre Cívic is a housing cooperative model that scape through two decisions that shape the project. works in phases, with several parallel projects in On the one hand, the layout for the façade on the third the development and cohabitations phases. It has Facilitation

Legal advice

A conversation with Diego Carrillo Architect Celobert

137

146

147

Cirerers

I think the major lesson is that common spaces should be as flexible as possible. During the design process, people do not know how they will live in community and use these spaces because they have never experienced it. Sure, you can do preliminary surveys, participatory processes, etc., but the architecture must not condition the uses in excess.

Wood structure The use of wood is the third pillar of the project and, from the start, it was a firm environmental commitment.

We made a clear promise in this regard, and the group and Sostre Cívic supported it. We have had to give up certain things. One was an underground parking garage; when we started specifying construction prices we saw that it was out of the price range. The group— not us—decided to give up the parking garage in favour of building with wood.

The project approaches the issue of the environment from an analytical view of the life cycle of the building as a whole and with a strong commitment to the use of organic materials, such as wood. There are 730 m3 of

Upstairs there’s a terrace / lookout with views of the entire city. It has become the main space in the building for gatherings, celebrations and parties. The community uses this space for very dynamic activities and a lot of interaction: there’s something going on every weekend, from barbecues to yoga, and outdoor cinema to sewing workshops.

The building interior has concrete tiles on the ground floor and landings to connect the private and public spaces.

Cirerers is an eco-friendly building constructed with wood. With eight floors, it is the tallest timber building in Spain.

Once running, it will reach the efficiency level of passive house standards.

146

147

Cirerers

I think the major lesson is that common spaces should be as flexible as possible. During the design process, people do not know how they will live in community and use these spaces because they have never experienced it. Sure, you can do preliminary surveys, participatory processes, etc., but the architecture must not condition the uses in excess.

Wood structure The use of wood is the third pillar of the project and, from the start, it was a firm environmental commitment.

We made a clear promise in this regard, and the group and Sostre Cívic supported it. We have had to give up certain things. One was an underground parking garage; when we started specifying construction prices we saw that it was out of the price range. The group— not us—decided to give up the parking garage in favour of building with wood.

The project approaches the issue of the environment from an analytical view of the life cycle of the building as a whole and with a strong commitment to the use of organic materials, such as wood. There are 730 m3 of

Upstairs there’s a terrace / lookout with views of the entire city. It has become the main space in the building for gatherings, celebrations and parties. The community uses this space for very dynamic activities and a lot of interaction: there’s something going on every weekend, from barbecues to yoga, and outdoor cinema to sewing workshops.

The building interior has concrete tiles on the ground floor and landings to connect the private and public spaces.

Cirerers is an eco-friendly building constructed with wood. With eight floors, it is the tallest timber building in Spain.

Once running, it will reach the efficiency level of passive house standards.

162

La Xarxaire

Cooperative housing is the exploration of mixed building systems to respectfully adapt to the existing urban landscape, the typological characteristics of the project and, in general, to commit to the environmental sustainability of the planet.

La Xarxaire

163

162

La Xarxaire

Cooperative housing is the exploration of mixed building systems to respectfully adapt to the existing urban landscape, the typological characteristics of the project and, in general, to commit to the environmental sustainability of the planet.

La Xarxaire

163

180

La Xarxaire

181

180

La Xarxaire

181

214

Cirerers

Given the severe global housing crisis, we’re fighting to develop an alternative culture of habitation. We need architecture that responds to the new modes of living together, while learning to implement collective generosity above individualism. Architecture by the community and for the community.

215

214

Cirerers

Given the severe global housing crisis, we’re fighting to develop an alternative culture of habitation. We need architecture that responds to the new modes of living together, while learning to implement collective generosity above individualism. Architecture by the community and for the community.

215

216

Selected bibliography AAVV. Curso de cooperativas de viviendas. Madrid: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Comisión de Vivienda, 1991.

AAVV. Europa: Gemeinsam wohnen = Europe: co-operative housing. Berlin: Jovis, cop. 2015.

AAVV. «Futurs possibles: cooperatives, de la propietat a l’ús». Quaderns d’arquitectura i urbanisme, no. 265 (2013).

AAVV. Impuls de les cooperatives d’usuàries d’habitatges: per a una política pública cooperativa d’accés a l’habitatge a Catalunya. Barcelona: La Dinamo Fundació; Lacol SCCL, 2020.

AAVV. Lavorare in architettura: la cooperazione di abitazione. Venice: La Biennale di Venezia; Milan: Electa, c1982.

AAVV. New housing in Zurich: typologies for a changing society. Zurich: Park Books, 2017.

AAVV. More than housing: cooperative planning, a case study in Zürich. Basel: Birkhäuser; Zurich: Edition Wohnen, cop. 2016.

Bobé i Mallat, Eduard. Manual per a les cooperatives d’habitatges. Barcelona: Federació de Cooperatives d’Habitatges de Catalunya, 1987.

Comes, Vicente. «En común, más barato: cooperativas de vivienda en la CEE». MOPU: Revista del Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo, no. 371 (december 1989), pp. 88-93, 1989.

Centro cooperativista Uruguayo. Dinámica cooperativa, no. 126, november 2016.

Delz, Sascha; Rainer Hehl, Patricia Ventura (edts). Housing the Co-op: A Micro-political Manifesto. Berlin: Ruby Press, 2020.

Falagán, David H. Flexibility and gender equality in housing. Barcelona: Institut Municipal de l’Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona, 2019.

Jones, Peter B., Petrescu, Doina & Till, Jeremy. Architecture and Participation.

London: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

Lacol Arquitectura Cooperativa. Construir en col·lectiu: participació en arquitectura i urbanisme. Barcelona: Pol·len Edicions, SCCL, setember 2018.

Lacol, La Ciutat Invisible. Habitar en comunidad: la vivienda cooperativa en cesión de uso. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata; Barcelona: Fundación Arquia, 2018.

LaFond, Michael. Cohousing inclusive: selbstorganisiertes, gemeinschaftliches Wohnen für alle = self-organized, community-led housing for all. Berlin: Jovis, 2017. https://cohousing-inclusive.net/the-book/ Magriñà, Josep. La Cooperativa de viviendas. Barcelona: CEAC, 1981.

Mogollón García, Irati. Arquitecturas del cuidado: hacia un envejecimiento activista. Barcelona: Icaria, 2019.

Moreno, Anna. «Habitatge cooperatiu: cooperativa d’habitatges La Borda a l’antiga fàbrica de Can Batlló al barri de Sants de Barcelona». Informatiu del Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, no. 365 (setember 2020).

Moore, Tom; and David Mullins. «Scaling up or going viral? Comparing self-help housing and community land trust facilitation», Voluntary Sector Review, 4-3, 2013, pp. 333-353.

McCamant, Kathryn. Cohousing: a contemporary approach to housing ourselves 2nd ed. / with Ellen Hertzman. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed, cop. 1994. Ñudi Tornero, Antonio. Un espacio para el coliving. Madrid: Fundación Arquia, 2021.

Sepúlveda Navarro, Leonardo. Coliving: desarrollo y adaptación de la vivienda compartida en Barcelona. Barcelona: ETSAB, 2020.

Tegnestuen Vandkunsten. Housing. Stockholm: Arvinius + Orfeus, 2018.

Till, Jeremy. Architecture and Contingency. Sheffield: The School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, 2008.

216

Selected bibliography AAVV. Curso de cooperativas de viviendas. Madrid: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Madrid, Comisión de Vivienda, 1991.

AAVV. Europa: Gemeinsam wohnen = Europe: co-operative housing. Berlin: Jovis, cop. 2015.

AAVV. «Futurs possibles: cooperatives, de la propietat a l’ús». Quaderns d’arquitectura i urbanisme, no. 265 (2013).

AAVV. Impuls de les cooperatives d’usuàries d’habitatges: per a una política pública cooperativa d’accés a l’habitatge a Catalunya. Barcelona: La Dinamo Fundació; Lacol SCCL, 2020.

AAVV. Lavorare in architettura: la cooperazione di abitazione. Venice: La Biennale di Venezia; Milan: Electa, c1982.

AAVV. New housing in Zurich: typologies for a changing society. Zurich: Park Books, 2017.

AAVV. More than housing: cooperative planning, a case study in Zürich. Basel: Birkhäuser; Zurich: Edition Wohnen, cop. 2016.

Bobé i Mallat, Eduard. Manual per a les cooperatives d’habitatges. Barcelona: Federació de Cooperatives d’Habitatges de Catalunya, 1987.

Comes, Vicente. «En común, más barato: cooperativas de vivienda en la CEE». MOPU: Revista del Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo, no. 371 (december 1989), pp. 88-93, 1989.

Centro cooperativista Uruguayo. Dinámica cooperativa, no. 126, november 2016.

Delz, Sascha; Rainer Hehl, Patricia Ventura (edts). Housing the Co-op: A Micro-political Manifesto. Berlin: Ruby Press, 2020.

Falagán, David H. Flexibility and gender equality in housing. Barcelona: Institut Municipal de l’Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona, 2019.

Jones, Peter B., Petrescu, Doina & Till, Jeremy. Architecture and Participation.

London: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

Lacol Arquitectura Cooperativa. Construir en col·lectiu: participació en arquitectura i urbanisme. Barcelona: Pol·len Edicions, SCCL, setember 2018.

Lacol, La Ciutat Invisible. Habitar en comunidad: la vivienda cooperativa en cesión de uso. Madrid: Los Libros de la Catarata; Barcelona: Fundación Arquia, 2018.

LaFond, Michael. Cohousing inclusive: selbstorganisiertes, gemeinschaftliches Wohnen für alle = self-organized, community-led housing for all. Berlin: Jovis, 2017. https://cohousing-inclusive.net/the-book/ Magriñà, Josep. La Cooperativa de viviendas. Barcelona: CEAC, 1981.

Mogollón García, Irati. Arquitecturas del cuidado: hacia un envejecimiento activista. Barcelona: Icaria, 2019.

Moreno, Anna. «Habitatge cooperatiu: cooperativa d’habitatges La Borda a l’antiga fàbrica de Can Batlló al barri de Sants de Barcelona». Informatiu del Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, no. 365 (setember 2020).

Moore, Tom; and David Mullins. «Scaling up or going viral? Comparing self-help housing and community land trust facilitation», Voluntary Sector Review, 4-3, 2013, pp. 333-353.

McCamant, Kathryn. Cohousing: a contemporary approach to housing ourselves 2nd ed. / with Ellen Hertzman. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed, cop. 1994. Ñudi Tornero, Antonio. Un espacio para el coliving. Madrid: Fundación Arquia, 2021.

Sepúlveda Navarro, Leonardo. Coliving: desarrollo y adaptación de la vivienda compartida en Barcelona. Barcelona: ETSAB, 2020.

Tegnestuen Vandkunsten. Housing. Stockholm: Arvinius + Orfeus, 2018.

Till, Jeremy. Architecture and Contingency. Sheffield: The School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, 2008.

218

219

Cohousing in Barcelona Architecture from / for the community Published by

Publication

Actar Publishers, New York, Barcelona and Barcelona City Council

Edited by

Editorial and Publishing Council of the City of Barcelona

Graphic Design

Jordi Martí Grau, Marc Andreu Acebal, Águeda Bañón Pérez, Xavier Boneta Lorente, Marta Clari Padrós, Núria Costa Galobart, Sonia Frias Rollon, Pau Gonzàlez Val, Laura Pérez Castaño, Jordi Rabassa Massons, Joan Ramon Riera Alemany, Pilar Roca Viola, Edgar Rovira Sebastià and Anna Giralt Brunet.

Communication Director

Águeda Bañón Editorial Services Director

Núria Costa Galobart Direcció de Serveis Editorials Passeig de la Zona Franca, 66 08038 Barcelona Tel. +34 93 402 31 31 www.barcelona.cat/barcelonallibres

Marta Bugés, Ricardo Devesa, David Lorente, Tomoko Sakamoto spread. Tomoko Sakamoto David Lorente Texts

Office of the Councillor for Housing and Renovation and Office of the Housing Manager at Barcelona City Council Carles Alcoba (Sostre Cívic) Cristina Grau La Dinamo Fundació Paco Herrero (Llar Jove SCCL) Societat Orgànica Conversations with

Carles Baiges Joan Barba Diego Carrillo Lali Daví Jaume Elias Lis Figueras and Toni Vidal Sònia Hernández Marta Peris and José Toral Eulàlia Tubau Pau Vidal Translations

Angela Kay Bunning, 6-11, 36, 56, 82, 95, 96-101, 104, 122-125, 132, 150-157, 164, 182-185, 194-195, 206-209, 210-214 Colleen McCarroll, 12-31, 34, 38-53, 54, 58-78, 84-91, 102, 106-121, 126-129, 130, 134-148, 158-161, 162, 166-179, 186-191, 192, 196-204 Printing and binding

Arlequin & Pierrot, Barcelona Acknowledgements

To all the architects and photographers, members of cooperative associations, and housing cooperatives with their communities of residents who participated so generously and/or contributed their time and knowledge as well as the documentation and graphic material necessary for the realisation of this book.

All rights reserved © of the edition: Actar Publishers and Barcelona City Council, 2023 © of the texts, their authors © of the graphic documentation, their authors © of the photographs, their authors This work is subject to copyright.

All rights are reserved, on all or part of the material, specifically translation rights, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or other media, and storage in databases. For use of any kind, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.

The publisher has made every effort to contact and acknowledge copyrights of the owners. If there are instances where proper credit is not given, we suggest that the owners of such rights contact the publisher which will make necessary changes in subsequent editions.

Distribution

Actar D, Inc. New York, Barcelona. www.actar.com New York 440 Park Avenue South, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016, USA T +1 2129662207 salesnewyork@actar-d.com Barcelona Roca i Batlle 2 08023 Barcelona, Spain T +34 933 282 183 eurosales@actar-d.com Indexing

ISBN: 978-1-63840-090-5 (Actar) ISBN: 978-84-9156-510-9 (Barcelona City Council) DL: B 11003-2023 Library of Congress Control Number: 2023931712 Printed in Europe Publication date: June 2023

Photographic credits

© Manel Armengol, 35 © Joan Barba, 44 (right), 45, 46, 49 (top) © Antonio Cansino, 146 (left) © Chopo, 75 (left) © DEL RIO BANI, 165, 169, 177, 180-181 © Andrés Flajszer, 109, 114, 115, 119 (top right), 119 (bottom right) © Joan Guillamat, 133, 135, 137, 141, 150-151 © José Hevia, 103, 105, 111, 113, 119 (top left), 119 (bottom left) © IMHAB, 12, 17, 55, 68, (bottom) © La Borda SCCL, 60 © La Chalmeta, 6, 121 © La Dinamo Fundació, 94 © La Mar d’arquitectes, 163, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179 © La Morada SCCL, 156 © Lacol SCCL, 20-21, 32, 57, 61, 63 (bottom), 68 (top), 70, 79, 185 © Gabriel López, 63 (top) © Joan Massagué, 144-145, 146 (right), 149 © Lluc Miralles, 66, 75 (right) © Guifré de Peray, 147 © Sostre Cívic SCCL, 37, 39, 40, 44 (left), 196 © Andreu Trias, 41, 47, 49 (bottom) © Álvaro Valdecantos, 69, 71, 72 © Milena Villalba, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92-93 Front cover: © La Morada Back cover: La Borda, © Lacol

The content, data and graphic presentation of the chapter ‘Cooperative housing.

Community living at right-to-use cooperative housing ’ (pp. 20-31) originally come

from the traveling exhibition ‘Cooperative cohousing’, presented in Barcelona in 2022, produced by the Barcelona City Council and the Municipal Institute of Housing and Rehabilitation of Barcelona, and managed by Barcelona Regional.

Curator

Lacol Audiovisual

Pau Faus Production design and installation

Central de Projectes Exhibition design

lacreativa.com

218

219

Cohousing in Barcelona Architecture from / for the community Published by

Publication

Actar Publishers, New York, Barcelona and Barcelona City Council

Edited by

Editorial and Publishing Council of the City of Barcelona

Graphic Design

Jordi Martí Grau, Marc Andreu Acebal, Águeda Bañón Pérez, Xavier Boneta Lorente, Marta Clari Padrós, Núria Costa Galobart, Sonia Frias Rollon, Pau Gonzàlez Val, Laura Pérez Castaño, Jordi Rabassa Massons, Joan Ramon Riera Alemany, Pilar Roca Viola, Edgar Rovira Sebastià and Anna Giralt Brunet.

Communication Director

Águeda Bañón Editorial Services Director

Núria Costa Galobart Direcció de Serveis Editorials Passeig de la Zona Franca, 66 08038 Barcelona Tel. +34 93 402 31 31 www.barcelona.cat/barcelonallibres

Marta Bugés, Ricardo Devesa, David Lorente, Tomoko Sakamoto spread. Tomoko Sakamoto David Lorente Texts

Office of the Councillor for Housing and Renovation and Office of the Housing Manager at Barcelona City Council Carles Alcoba (Sostre Cívic) Cristina Grau La Dinamo Fundació Paco Herrero (Llar Jove SCCL) Societat Orgànica Conversations with

Carles Baiges Joan Barba Diego Carrillo Lali Daví Jaume Elias Lis Figueras and Toni Vidal Sònia Hernández Marta Peris and José Toral Eulàlia Tubau Pau Vidal Translations

Angela Kay Bunning, 6-11, 36, 56, 82, 95, 96-101, 104, 122-125, 132, 150-157, 164, 182-185, 194-195, 206-209, 210-214 Colleen McCarroll, 12-31, 34, 38-53, 54, 58-78, 84-91, 102, 106-121, 126-129, 130, 134-148, 158-161, 162, 166-179, 186-191, 192, 196-204 Printing and binding

Arlequin & Pierrot, Barcelona Acknowledgements

To all the architects and photographers, members of cooperative associations, and housing cooperatives with their communities of residents who participated so generously and/or contributed their time and knowledge as well as the documentation and graphic material necessary for the realisation of this book.

All rights reserved © of the edition: Actar Publishers and Barcelona City Council, 2023 © of the texts, their authors © of the graphic documentation, their authors © of the photographs, their authors This work is subject to copyright.

All rights are reserved, on all or part of the material, specifically translation rights, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or other media, and storage in databases. For use of any kind, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.

The publisher has made every effort to contact and acknowledge copyrights of the owners. If there are instances where proper credit is not given, we suggest that the owners of such rights contact the publisher which will make necessary changes in subsequent editions.

Distribution

Actar D, Inc. New York, Barcelona. www.actar.com New York 440 Park Avenue South, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016, USA T +1 2129662207 salesnewyork@actar-d.com Barcelona Roca i Batlle 2 08023 Barcelona, Spain T +34 933 282 183 eurosales@actar-d.com Indexing

ISBN: 978-1-63840-090-5 (Actar) ISBN: 978-84-9156-510-9 (Barcelona City Council) DL: B 11003-2023 Library of Congress Control Number: 2023931712 Printed in Europe Publication date: June 2023

Photographic credits

© Manel Armengol, 35 © Joan Barba, 44 (right), 45, 46, 49 (top) © Antonio Cansino, 146 (left) © Chopo, 75 (left) © DEL RIO BANI, 165, 169, 177, 180-181 © Andrés Flajszer, 109, 114, 115, 119 (top right), 119 (bottom right) © Joan Guillamat, 133, 135, 137, 141, 150-151 © José Hevia, 103, 105, 111, 113, 119 (top left), 119 (bottom left) © IMHAB, 12, 17, 55, 68, (bottom) © La Borda SCCL, 60 © La Chalmeta, 6, 121 © La Dinamo Fundació, 94 © La Mar d’arquitectes, 163, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179 © La Morada SCCL, 156 © Lacol SCCL, 20-21, 32, 57, 61, 63 (bottom), 68 (top), 70, 79, 185 © Gabriel López, 63 (top) © Joan Massagué, 144-145, 146 (right), 149 © Lluc Miralles, 66, 75 (right) © Guifré de Peray, 147 © Sostre Cívic SCCL, 37, 39, 40, 44 (left), 196 © Andreu Trias, 41, 47, 49 (bottom) © Álvaro Valdecantos, 69, 71, 72 © Milena Villalba, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92-93 Front cover: © La Morada Back cover: La Borda, © Lacol

The content, data and graphic presentation of the chapter ‘Cooperative housing.

Community living at right-to-use cooperative housing ’ (pp. 20-31) originally come

from the traveling exhibition ‘Cooperative cohousing’, presented in Barcelona in 2022, produced by the Barcelona City Council and the Municipal Institute of Housing and Rehabilitation of Barcelona, and managed by Barcelona Regional.

Curator

Lacol Audiovisual

Pau Faus Production design and installation

Central de Projectes Exhibition design

lacreativa.com