Physical Activity & Health e4 Chapter 01

Chapter 1 Physical Activity and Health Connection

Three Different Perceptions of Health Health as an absence of disease •

If you were not sick or physically ill, you were naturally healthy.

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If you were ill or had evidence of disease, the best way to restore health was to have a medical doctor cure or treat the disease.

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Focus on treatment of disease rather than prevention.

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Does not take into account that health is multidimensional.

Three Different Perceptions of Health Health as a holistic concept •

Any meaningful description of health must include multi- dimensional aspects of health and must be positive.

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WHO definition of health “is a state of complete physical mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.” (World Health Organization, 1948)

Three Different Perceptions of Health Health as wellness •

Reflects the idea that health is dynamic

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Requires the sense that a person is actively working toward functioning at a higher level

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Includes seven dimensions of health

Concept of Health as Wellness

Dimensions of Health Physical Health •

Refers to the overall condition of the body’s organ systems

Intellectual Health •

Refers to the use of one’s mental capacities

Emotional Health •

Is the ability to express feelings appropriately

Dimensions of Health Social Health •

Refers to having the ability to interact effectively with others

Spiritual Health •

Pertains to the soul or spirit

Dimensions of Health Career Health •

Pertains to one’s chosen vocation in life

Environmental Health •

Refers to everything around us, and includes the impact of natural and human-made environments on our health

Key Terms Quality of life •

A subjective measure that reflects our levels of fulfillment, satisfaction, happiness, and feeling good about ourselves despite any limitations we may have

Pathogenesis •

The origination and development of disease

Salutogenesis •

An approach focusing on factors that support human health and well-being rather than on factors that cause disease

The Dimensions of Health & Wellness Continuum

Wellness Lifestyle Approach Properties • Views human body as a complex mixture of dimensions of health • Places an equal amount of importance on each dimension • Each dimension is dependent on each other • Being proactive and being engaged to maximize human potential

Factors Influencing Premature Death or Longevity

McGinnis, J.M. (2003). A vision for health in our new century. American Journal of Health Promotion 18(2):146–150.

Physical Activity and Its Relationship to Health Sedentary Lifestyles •

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More than 1 in 2 adults are not getting enough leisure-time physical activity to benefit their health.

Many public health experts have declared that physical inactivity has become the biggest health problem in the 21st century.

Sedentary living is a leading cause of chronic diseases and premature deaths.

Physical Activity and Its Relationship to Health Exercise •

Subset of physical activity that is a planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful attempt to improve or maintain physical fitness.

The 10 Leading Causes of Death

Data from Murphy, S.L., Jiaquan, X., & Kochanek, K.D. (2012). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2010.

National Vital Statistics Reports 60(4):1–67

Definitions Physical Activity • Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal (resting) level Exercise • Subset of physical activity that is a planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful attempt to improve or maintain physical fitness, physical performance, or health

Definitions Physical Fitness •

A set of attributes a person has or achieves and relates to a person’s ability or capacity to perform specific types of physical activity efficiently and effectively

Two Types • •

Health-related components Skill-related components

Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness Cardiorepiratory endurance Muscular strength Muscular endurance Flexibility Body composition

Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness Agility Coordination Balance Power Reaction time Speed

Physical Activity Recommendations for Health “Adults need at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic intensity or 75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity every week or an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week that work all major muscle groups (legs, hips, back, abdomen, chest, shoulders, and arms).�

Health Benefits and Activity Levels

Why We Live Sedentary Lives Major Factors •

Technological changes in workplace

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Widespread use of automobiles

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Laborsaving devices in the home

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Sedentary leisure time activities

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Personal variables that make us resist physical activity