Breaking the generational cycle of crime and building resilient communities #EarlyActionTogether #CamauCynnarGydanGilydd
Janine Roderick, Programme Director, Public Health and Policing in Wales
The Importance of Resilience Identify risk and protective factors
Chaired by Jan Williams OBE FRSPH, Chair of Public Health Wales 11:35am
Breaking the generational cycle of crime and building resilient communities What the research tells us about resilience and the critical role this plays in mitigating the effect of ACEs
Welsh ACE study - PHW Reports
The impact ACEs – the impact Compared with people with no ACEs, those with 4+ ACEs were: 11 times more likely to have smoked cannabis times more likely to have been a 14 victim of violence
15
times more likely to have committed violence
16
times more likely to have used crack cocaine or heroin
20
times more likely to have been incarcerated in their life INDEPENDENT OF POVERTY
. Bellis et al. 2015, n=2028
ACEs Prevention ACEs – Prevention
ACEs and Stress Healthy response to stress
Fight or Run Away
Threat
Exhausted Recovery
At Rest
POSITIVE
TOLERABLE
Normal, essential
time limited, buffers
ACEs
Fixed Allostatic load
At Rest
TOXIC Prolonged, disruptive
Moving from a position of understanding the ACE research to understanding and operationalising a positive and effective response
‘We cannot arrest our way out of this’
Applying an ACE ACELens Lens Applying an Spread the word! ACE informed professionals, politicians and public
Identify and understand ACEs, promote protective factors, increase resilience
Address the root causes not the symptoms – ask NOT what's wrong with you, but what's happened
and Resilience ACEsACEs – Breaking the cycle Protective Factors The building blocks of resilience One or more stable, caring child-adult relationship
Feel you can overcome hardship and guide your destiny
Equipped to manage your behavior and emotions
Involved and connected
ACEs and Resilience Transforming potentially toxic stress into tolerable stress A safe space in which physiological and psychological systems can reset to a tolerable level Always Available Adult Fight or Run Away
Health Threat At Rest
Exhausted Recovery
ACEs
Fixed Allostatic load
At Rest
The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017
Perceptions of Service Supportiveness Not at all supportive
A little supportive
Very supportive
100% 90% 80% 70% 60%
64.9
50%
51.9
40% 30%
34.9
20%
44.8
10% 0%
0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs Health services
Social services
Police
Charities
Mental health services
Employer* (n=1451)
Individuals with ACEs tended to perceive public services as being less supportive * where applicable
ACEs and Resilience Culturally Connected I enjoyed my community’s cultures and traditions
I had people I looked up to
Always Availabl e Adult
Getting an education was important to me
Always Available Adult My parents, caregiver s knew a lot about me
I had opportunities to develop skills to help me succeed in life
I tried to finish activities that I started I was treated fairly in my community
Manage your behaviour and emotions
My family would stand by me during difficult times
I felt I belonged in my school
I knew where to go in my community to get help
I was able to solve problems without harming myself or others
Guide your destiny and overcome Hardship
The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017
Sports Participation and Mental illness Childhood sports participation (in and out of school) 40%
40%
No
30%
Regular current adult sports participation
30%
Yes
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
0 ACEs
1 ACE
2-3 ACEs
4+ ACEs
0 ACEs
1 ACE
2-3 ACEs
4+ ACEs
Community Engagement Cardio-vascular Role Models X Parents’/school associations/mums and toddlers groups, religious group/church Weight control Team organisations, tenants/residents groups, education, arts,work music group/evening class, Self-help group, Youth group, Political parties andSupport others Social ✓Community groups, social clubs
Impact of ACEs and Sources of Resilience Resilience and Mental Illness
Sources of resilience and their moderating relationships with harms from ACEs, Welsh ACE and Resilience Study (Bangor University & PHW)
Tackling ACEs • Preventing ACEs – Early life child & parental support
↓Child Maltreatment ↓Violent offence as an adult
Having experienced ACEs does not mean you are on an unchangeable path
• Building Resilience • Space and support where a child can temporarily escape their ACEs to develop normally
• Trauma Informed Services • Services that understand the roots of problems they see and how to help people suffering from a history of ACEs
- Always Available Adult - Feel Community treats you fairly ½ Adult poor mental well-being, school absenteeism, heavy drinking
↓Health service use ↓School suspensions (83% USA)
Harvard University, 2015, /www.resiliencetrumpsaces.org; communityresiliencecookbook.org/tastes-of-success/, Hughes et al, 2018
and Resilience ACEs ACEs – Breaking the cycle ACEs can last a lifetime but they don’t have to!
• Healing can occur • Protective factors heal
• The cycle can be broken
Thankyou
Janine.Roderick@wales.nhs.uk