Breaking the Generational Cycle of Crime and Building Resilient Communities

Breaking the generational cycle of crime and building resilient communities #EarlyActionTogether #CamauCynnarGydanGilydd

Janine Roderick, Programme Director, Public Health and Policing in Wales

The Importance of Resilience Identify risk and protective factors

Chaired by Jan Williams OBE FRSPH, Chair of Public Health Wales 11:35am

Breaking the generational cycle of crime and building resilient communities What the research tells us about resilience and the critical role this plays in mitigating the effect of ACEs

Welsh ACE study - PHW Reports

The impact ACEs – the impact Compared with people with no ACEs, those with 4+ ACEs were: 11 times more likely to have smoked cannabis times more likely to have been a 14 victim of violence

15

times more likely to have committed violence

16

times more likely to have used crack cocaine or heroin

20

times more likely to have been incarcerated in their life INDEPENDENT OF POVERTY

.

Bellis et al. 2015, n=2028

ACEs Prevention ACEs – Prevention

ACEs and Stress Healthy response to stress

Fight or Run Away

Threat

Exhausted Recovery

At Rest

POSITIVE

TOLERABLE

Normal, essential

time limited, buffers

ACEs

Fixed Allostatic load

At Rest

TOXIC Prolonged, disruptive

Moving from a position of understanding the ACE research to understanding and operationalising a positive and effective response

‘We cannot arrest our way out of this’

Applying an ACE ACELens Lens Applying an Spread the word! ACE informed professionals, politicians and public

Identify and understand ACEs, promote protective factors, increase resilience

Address the root causes not the symptoms – ask NOT what's wrong with you, but what's happened

and Resilience ACEsACEs – Breaking the cycle Protective Factors The building blocks of resilience One or more stable, caring child-adult relationship

Feel you can overcome hardship and guide your destiny

Equipped to manage your behavior and emotions

Involved and connected

ACEs and Resilience Transforming potentially toxic stress into tolerable stress A safe space in which physiological and psychological systems can reset to a tolerable level Always Available Adult Fight or Run Away

Health Threat At Rest

Exhausted Recovery

ACEs

Fixed Allostatic load

At Rest

The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017

Perceptions of Service Supportiveness Not at all supportive

A little supportive

Very supportive

100% 90% 80% 70% 60%

64.9

50%

51.9

40% 30%

34.9

20%

44.8

10% 0%

0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs 0 ACEs 4+ ACEs Health services

Social services

Police

Charities

Mental health services

Employer* (n=1451)

Individuals with ACEs tended to perceive public services as being less supportive * where applicable

ACEs and Resilience Culturally Connected I enjoyed my community’s cultures and traditions

I had people I looked up to

Always Availabl e Adult

Getting an education was important to me

Always Available Adult My parents, caregiver s knew a lot about me

I had opportunities to develop skills to help me succeed in life

I tried to finish activities that I started I was treated fairly in my community

Manage your behaviour and emotions

My family would stand by me during difficult times

I felt I belonged in my school

I knew where to go in my community to get help

I was able to solve problems without harming myself or others

Guide your destiny and overcome Hardship

The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017The Resilience Research Centre Adult Resilience Measure (RRC-ARM), Wales, 2017

Sports Participation and Mental illness Childhood sports participation (in and out of school) 40%

40%

No

30%

Regular current adult sports participation

30%

Yes

20%

20%

10%

10%

0%

0%

0 ACEs

1 ACE

2-3 ACEs

4+ ACEs

0 ACEs

1 ACE

2-3 ACEs

4+ ACEs

Community Engagement Cardio-vascular Role Models X Parents’/school associations/mums and toddlers groups, religious group/church Weight control Team organisations, tenants/residents groups, education, arts,work music group/evening class, Self-help group, Youth group, Political parties andSupport others Social ✓Community groups, social clubs

Impact of ACEs and Sources of Resilience Resilience and Mental Illness

Sources of resilience and their moderating relationships with harms from ACEs, Welsh ACE and Resilience Study (Bangor University & PHW)

Tackling ACEs • Preventing ACEs – Early life child & parental support

↓Child Maltreatment ↓Violent offence as an adult

Having experienced ACEs does not mean you are on an unchangeable path

• Building Resilience • Space and support where a child can temporarily escape their ACEs to develop normally

• Trauma Informed Services • Services that understand the roots of problems they see and how to help people suffering from a history of ACEs

- Always Available Adult - Feel Community treats you fairly ½ Adult poor mental well-being, school absenteeism, heavy drinking

↓Health service use ↓School suspensions (83% USA)

Harvard University, 2015, /www.resiliencetrumpsaces.org; communityresiliencecookbook.org/tastes-of-success/, Hughes et al, 2018

and Resilience ACEs ACEs – Breaking the cycle ACEs can last a lifetime but they don’t have to!

• Healing can occur • Protective factors heal

• The cycle can be broken

Thankyou

Janine.Roderick@wales.nhs.uk