02
Nelumbo nucifera Aquatic perennial Family: Nelumbonaceae Height above water: 50–150cm (20–59 inches) Flowers: June to August Habitat: Lakes, ponds and slow-moving wetlands Edible Plant / Aquatic Food Plant, Medicinal & Ornamental
Lotus rising from still waters
Few plants hold such enduring cultural significance as the sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. Rising from thick rhizomes buried in lake mud, its large round leaves float or stand elevated on long stalks above the water. The flowers, often pink or white, open widely in summer to reveal a distinctive central receptacle that later develops into the familiar cone-shaped seed head. The lotus is also remarkable for several biological features. Its leaves are coated with microscopic structures and waxy layers that repel water, allowing droplets to roll away while carrying dust with them – a phenomenon widely known as the ‘lotus effect’. The flowers can generate a small amount of heat during blooming, which may help attract beetles that assist in pollination. The seeds can germinate after centuries of dormancy. Nearly every part of the plant has long been used as food. The crisp underground rhizomes are a well-known vegetable in Chinese cuisine, while the seeds, leaf stems and young leaves also appear in regional dishes. The seed’s central bitter embryo (Lian Xin) is particularly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. In classical symbolism the lotus represents purity emerging from muddy water, an image that has inspired poetry, painting and garden design for centuries.
Nelumbo nucifera
22
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Nelumbo nucifera
23
02
Nelumbo nucifera Aquatic perennial Family: Nelumbonaceae Height above water: 50–150cm (20–59 inches) Flowers: June to August Habitat: Lakes, ponds and slow-moving wetlands Edible Plant / Aquatic Food Plant, Medicinal & Ornamental
Lotus rising from still waters
Few plants hold such enduring cultural significance as the sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera. Rising from thick rhizomes buried in lake mud, its large round leaves float or stand elevated on long stalks above the water. The flowers, often pink or white, open widely in summer to reveal a distinctive central receptacle that later develops into the familiar cone-shaped seed head. The lotus is also remarkable for several biological features. Its leaves are coated with microscopic structures and waxy layers that repel water, allowing droplets to roll away while carrying dust with them – a phenomenon widely known as the ‘lotus effect’. The flowers can generate a small amount of heat during blooming, which may help attract beetles that assist in pollination. The seeds can germinate after centuries of dormancy. Nearly every part of the plant has long been used as food. The crisp underground rhizomes are a well-known vegetable in Chinese cuisine, while the seeds, leaf stems and young leaves also appear in regional dishes. The seed’s central bitter embryo (Lian Xin) is particularly valued in traditional Chinese medicine. In classical symbolism the lotus represents purity emerging from muddy water, an image that has inspired poetry, painting and garden design for centuries.
Nelumbo nucifera
22
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Nelumbo nucifera
23
16
Rubus corchorifolius Deciduous shrub Family: Rosaceae Height: 1–3 metres (3–10 feet) Flowers: February to April Habitat: Sunny hillsides, stream margins and scrub Edible Plant / Wild Fruit
An early summer fruit of childhood foraging
Rubus corchorifolius is a shrub with arching, lightly prickled stems and simple, softly textured ovate leaves with serrated margins. In early summer, it produces clusters of raspberry-like red berries that soften and sweeten as they ripen. The plant grows in open habitats, often forming loose thickets along paths and field edges. Its fruits are commonly gathered, especially by children in rural areas, and eaten fresh as a seasonal treat. The roots and leaves have been recorded in regional herbal practice, where they are associated with astringent and cooling properties. However, such uses are secondary, and the plant is best known as a much-loved wild fruit of early summer.
Rubus corchorifolius
50
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Rubus corchorifolius
51
16
Rubus corchorifolius Deciduous shrub Family: Rosaceae Height: 1–3 metres (3–10 feet) Flowers: February to April Habitat: Sunny hillsides, stream margins and scrub Edible Plant / Wild Fruit
An early summer fruit of childhood foraging
Rubus corchorifolius is a shrub with arching, lightly prickled stems and simple, softly textured ovate leaves with serrated margins. In early summer, it produces clusters of raspberry-like red berries that soften and sweeten as they ripen. The plant grows in open habitats, often forming loose thickets along paths and field edges. Its fruits are commonly gathered, especially by children in rural areas, and eaten fresh as a seasonal treat. The roots and leaves have been recorded in regional herbal practice, where they are associated with astringent and cooling properties. However, such uses are secondary, and the plant is best known as a much-loved wild fruit of early summer.
Rubus corchorifolius
50
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Rubus corchorifolius
51
22
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Annual Family: Brassicaceae Height: 20–90cm (8–35 inches) Flowers: May to June Habitat: Cultivated fields, gardens and open ground Edible Plant / Leaf Vegetable & Cultivated Food Plant
A peppery leaf of kitchen gardens
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, commonly known as rocket, is an annual herb with deeply lobed dark green leaves and upright flowering stems. Its pale cream to yellow flowers are marked with fine purple veins, forming loose clusters that give way to slender seed pods. Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant has long been cultivated and is now widely grown in kitchen gardens and small-scale agriculture. It thrives in open, well-drained soils and is often sown as a fast-growing leafy crop. The leaves are valued for their distinctive peppery flavour and are eaten fresh in salads to complement milder greens, lightly pickled as a cold appetiser, or used as a pungent addition to cooked dishes. Its Chinese name, ‘sesame vegetable’, reflects the plant’s slightly nutty quality. In some modern or regional traditions, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa has also been associated with digestive and tonic properties, though it is best known for its culinary use as a fresh, aromatic green.
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
62
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
63
22
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Annual Family: Brassicaceae Height: 20–90cm (8–35 inches) Flowers: May to June Habitat: Cultivated fields, gardens and open ground Edible Plant / Leaf Vegetable & Cultivated Food Plant
A peppery leaf of kitchen gardens
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, commonly known as rocket, is an annual herb with deeply lobed dark green leaves and upright flowering stems. Its pale cream to yellow flowers are marked with fine purple veins, forming loose clusters that give way to slender seed pods. Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant has long been cultivated and is now widely grown in kitchen gardens and small-scale agriculture. It thrives in open, well-drained soils and is often sown as a fast-growing leafy crop. The leaves are valued for their distinctive peppery flavour and are eaten fresh in salads to complement milder greens, lightly pickled as a cold appetiser, or used as a pungent addition to cooked dishes. Its Chinese name, ‘sesame vegetable’, reflects the plant’s slightly nutty quality. In some modern or regional traditions, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa has also been associated with digestive and tonic properties, though it is best known for its culinary use as a fresh, aromatic green.
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
62
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
63
15
Leonurus japonicus Annual, often overwintering Family: Lamiaceae Height: 50–120cm (20–47 inches) Flowers: June to September Habitat: Field margins, roadsides and disturbed ground Medicinal Plant / Cultivated & Wild-harvested
Known as the ‘benefit-the-mother’ herb
Leonurus japonicus is a principal source of the medicinal material known as Yi Mu Cao, a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine for invigorating blood circulation, dispersing blood stasis and regulating menstruation. It is commonly applied in the treatment of gynaecological and postpartum conditions, including irregular menstruation, menstrual pain and abdominal pain following childbirth, and is also used to promote diuresis and reduce swelling. In traditional classification it is considered bitter and slightly cold in nature. The aerial parts form the medicinal material and are typically harvested at or just before flowering. Its importance is reflected in its frequent inclusion in classical formulas and modern patent medicines, where it is valued for its clear and specific therapeutic role. It is also recorded in classical materia medica texts such as the Ming dynasty Compendium of Materia Medica. Commonly known as Chinese motherwort, this herb of open and disturbed habitats produces upright, often branching stems with lower leaves palmately lobed, the upper leaves less deeply divided, and whorls of small, pale purple flowers along the upper nodes. Both cultivated and gathered from the wild, it remains a well-established and widely used component of the pharmacopoeia.
Leonurus japonicus
106
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Leonurus japonicus
107
15
Leonurus japonicus Annual, often overwintering Family: Lamiaceae Height: 50–120cm (20–47 inches) Flowers: June to September Habitat: Field margins, roadsides and disturbed ground Medicinal Plant / Cultivated & Wild-harvested
Known as the ‘benefit-the-mother’ herb
Leonurus japonicus is a principal source of the medicinal material known as Yi Mu Cao, a widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine for invigorating blood circulation, dispersing blood stasis and regulating menstruation. It is commonly applied in the treatment of gynaecological and postpartum conditions, including irregular menstruation, menstrual pain and abdominal pain following childbirth, and is also used to promote diuresis and reduce swelling. In traditional classification it is considered bitter and slightly cold in nature. The aerial parts form the medicinal material and are typically harvested at or just before flowering. Its importance is reflected in its frequent inclusion in classical formulas and modern patent medicines, where it is valued for its clear and specific therapeutic role. It is also recorded in classical materia medica texts such as the Ming dynasty Compendium of Materia Medica. Commonly known as Chinese motherwort, this herb of open and disturbed habitats produces upright, often branching stems with lower leaves palmately lobed, the upper leaves less deeply divided, and whorls of small, pale purple flowers along the upper nodes. Both cultivated and gathered from the wild, it remains a well-established and widely used component of the pharmacopoeia.
Leonurus japonicus
106
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Leonurus japonicus
107
20
Lomatogonium carinthiacum Annual Family: Gentianaceae Height: 10–30cm (4–12 inches) Flowers: August to October Habitat: Alpine meadows and scree slopes Medicinal Plant / Occasional Use
A blue-flowered alpine herb with a bitter taste
Lomatogonium carinthiacum is an alpine species found in meadows and scree slopes at high elevations, where it flowers late in the growing season. It produces opposite leaves and small, star-shaped, bluish-purple flowers that open flat, often marked with darker veins. Contrasting blue anthers and a prominent central pistil are visible within the flower. It is recorded in regional practice as a plant used for clearing heat, reducing fever and treating damp-heat conditions, particularly those affecting the liver and gallbladder. Its bitter taste, characteristic of many gentian relatives, is also associated with its use in digestive complaints. The whole herb is used medicinally, though its use remains limited in scope and only weakly standardised.
Lomatogonium carinthiacum
116
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Lomatogonium carinthiacum
117
20
Lomatogonium carinthiacum Annual Family: Gentianaceae Height: 10–30cm (4–12 inches) Flowers: August to October Habitat: Alpine meadows and scree slopes Medicinal Plant / Occasional Use
A blue-flowered alpine herb with a bitter taste
Lomatogonium carinthiacum is an alpine species found in meadows and scree slopes at high elevations, where it flowers late in the growing season. It produces opposite leaves and small, star-shaped, bluish-purple flowers that open flat, often marked with darker veins. Contrasting blue anthers and a prominent central pistil are visible within the flower. It is recorded in regional practice as a plant used for clearing heat, reducing fever and treating damp-heat conditions, particularly those affecting the liver and gallbladder. Its bitter taste, characteristic of many gentian relatives, is also associated with its use in digestive complaints. The whole herb is used medicinally, though its use remains limited in scope and only weakly standardised.
Lomatogonium carinthiacum
116
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Lomatogonium carinthiacum
117
04
Buddleja officinalis Semi-evergreen shrub Family: Scrophulariaceae Height: 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) Flowers: March to April Habitat: Hillsides, thickets and forest margins Dye Plant / Medicinal & Ornamental
Spring flowers for coloured rice
Buddleja officinalis is a softly branched shrub with long, pointed leaves and a loose, arching habit. In milder parts of its range, it may remain evergreen, while in colder regions it is deciduous, leafing out again after winter. The foliage is softly felted beneath, giving the plant a muted, silvery cast. In early spring it produces dense clusters of small tubular flowers in shades of lilac or pink, often with a yellow throat and a light, honeyed scent. Tolerant of poor soils, the plant often occurs as a colonising shrub on exposed slopes and river margins. The flower buds have long been gathered for their clear yellow pigment. Infusions of fresh or dried flowers are traditionally used to colour glutinous rice for festivals, particularly in southwest China. The same pigment is also applied to fibres and cloth, and recent studies confirm its suitability as a natural dye for plant-based fabrics. The dried flower buds, known in Chinese materia medica as Mi Meng Hua, are described as sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature, and are associated with supporting eye health and clearing heat. The plant is also widely grown as an ornamental shrub, appreciated for its attractive, scented blooms, which provide early-season forage for insects.
Buddleja officinalis
176
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Buddleja officinalis
177
04
Buddleja officinalis Semi-evergreen shrub Family: Scrophulariaceae Height: 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) Flowers: March to April Habitat: Hillsides, thickets and forest margins Dye Plant / Medicinal & Ornamental
Spring flowers for coloured rice
Buddleja officinalis is a softly branched shrub with long, pointed leaves and a loose, arching habit. In milder parts of its range, it may remain evergreen, while in colder regions it is deciduous, leafing out again after winter. The foliage is softly felted beneath, giving the plant a muted, silvery cast. In early spring it produces dense clusters of small tubular flowers in shades of lilac or pink, often with a yellow throat and a light, honeyed scent. Tolerant of poor soils, the plant often occurs as a colonising shrub on exposed slopes and river margins. The flower buds have long been gathered for their clear yellow pigment. Infusions of fresh or dried flowers are traditionally used to colour glutinous rice for festivals, particularly in southwest China. The same pigment is also applied to fibres and cloth, and recent studies confirm its suitability as a natural dye for plant-based fabrics. The dried flower buds, known in Chinese materia medica as Mi Meng Hua, are described as sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature, and are associated with supporting eye health and clearing heat. The plant is also widely grown as an ornamental shrub, appreciated for its attractive, scented blooms, which provide early-season forage for insects.
Buddleja officinalis
176
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Buddleja officinalis
177
29
Melastoma malabathricum Evergreen to semi-evergreen shrub Family: Melastomataceae Height: 50–150cm (20–59 inches) Flowers: March to July Habitat: Open woodland margins, hillside scrub and disturbed slopes Ornamental Plant / Wild Ornamental
Rain-season blooms of open hillsides
Melastoma malabathricum is a small shrub producing showy pink to purple flowers with prominent stamens, creating a vivid display against its softly hairy foliage. The leaves are marked by several prominent lengthways veins, a characteristic feature of the family. It favours open, moist habitats with often acidic soils, such as forest margins and hillside scrub, where it flowers freely during the warmer months; in southern China, flowering often peaks during the rainy season. The plant’s roots and leaves have been used in regional medicinal practice, particularly for digestive and haemostatic purposes, including external use to staunch bleeding. In the landscape, it contributes colour and structure to natural vegetation and is often among the first shrubs to colonise disturbed ground and exposed banks, making it a resilient wild ornamental in warmclimate and ecological plantings.
Melastoma malabathricum
248
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Melastoma malabathricum
249
29
Melastoma malabathricum Evergreen to semi-evergreen shrub Family: Melastomataceae Height: 50–150cm (20–59 inches) Flowers: March to July Habitat: Open woodland margins, hillside scrub and disturbed slopes Ornamental Plant / Wild Ornamental
Rain-season blooms of open hillsides
Melastoma malabathricum is a small shrub producing showy pink to purple flowers with prominent stamens, creating a vivid display against its softly hairy foliage. The leaves are marked by several prominent lengthways veins, a characteristic feature of the family. It favours open, moist habitats with often acidic soils, such as forest margins and hillside scrub, where it flowers freely during the warmer months; in southern China, flowering often peaks during the rainy season. The plant’s roots and leaves have been used in regional medicinal practice, particularly for digestive and haemostatic purposes, including external use to staunch bleeding. In the landscape, it contributes colour and structure to natural vegetation and is often among the first shrubs to colonise disturbed ground and exposed banks, making it a resilient wild ornamental in warmclimate and ecological plantings.
Melastoma malabathricum
248
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Melastoma malabathricum
249
33
Platycodon grandiflorus Herbaceous perennial Family: Campanulaceae Height: 30–120cm (12–47 inches) Flowers: July to September Habitat: Grassland, scrub and open woodland Ornamental Plant / Medicinal
Inflated buds opening to starry blooms
Platycodon grandiflorus is a well-known perennial distinguished by its inflated flower buds, which expand like small balloons before opening into star-shaped blue to violet flowers, the fused petals separating into five pointed lobes and revealing pale stamens at the centre. This distinctive transition gives the plant both visual interest and its common name. Widely cultivated as an ornamental, it is valued for its upright habit, longlasting summer display and adaptability to a range of conditions. The plant has given rise to dwarf and double-flowered cultivars, as well as white and pink forms, and is suited to borders and informal or naturalistic plantings. It is also a long-established medicinal plant in Chinese tradition, where its root (Jie Geng) is described as bitter and neutral in nature, with functions including disseminating lung qi, expelling phlegm and benefiting the throat. The roots are additionally consumed as a food in some regional cuisines, particularly in East Asia, where they are prepared in seasoned or pickled forms.
Platycodon grandiflorus
256
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Platycodon grandiflorus
257
33
Platycodon grandiflorus Herbaceous perennial Family: Campanulaceae Height: 30–120cm (12–47 inches) Flowers: July to September Habitat: Grassland, scrub and open woodland Ornamental Plant / Medicinal
Inflated buds opening to starry blooms
Platycodon grandiflorus is a well-known perennial distinguished by its inflated flower buds, which expand like small balloons before opening into star-shaped blue to violet flowers, the fused petals separating into five pointed lobes and revealing pale stamens at the centre. This distinctive transition gives the plant both visual interest and its common name. Widely cultivated as an ornamental, it is valued for its upright habit, longlasting summer display and adaptability to a range of conditions. The plant has given rise to dwarf and double-flowered cultivars, as well as white and pink forms, and is suited to borders and informal or naturalistic plantings. It is also a long-established medicinal plant in Chinese tradition, where its root (Jie Geng) is described as bitter and neutral in nature, with functions including disseminating lung qi, expelling phlegm and benefiting the throat. The roots are additionally consumed as a food in some regional cuisines, particularly in East Asia, where they are prepared in seasoned or pickled forms.
Platycodon grandiflorus
256
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Platycodon grandiflorus
257
55
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica Herbaceous perennials Family: Primulaceae Height: 10–60cm (4–24 inches) Flowers: May to July Habitat: Moist alpine slopes and meadows Ornamental Plants / Cultivated Ornamentals
Alpine primroses from highland landscapes
These endemic alpine primulas are adapted to the cool, open conditions of upland landscapes in western China. Primula sinoplantaginea produces rounded umbels of pink to purplish flowers with broad, open corollas, forming a compact, pompom-like head, while Primula tangutica has slender stems bearing one or more looser umbels of red or yellow flowers with narrow, reflexed petals, creating a light, airy effect. Fine hairs on the plant surface are characteristic of alpine species and may help reduce moisture loss and protect against intense alpine sunlight. Both species require consistent moisture combined with excellent drainage and are sensitive to heat. They are cultivated primarily by specialist growers, botanic gardens and alpine collections. Primula tangutica, whose native range extends across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, attracted attention for its distinctive form and high-altitude origin when introduced to Western horticulture at the start of the 20th century, forming part of a broader wave of alpine species brought into cultivation.
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica
300
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica
301
55
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica Herbaceous perennials Family: Primulaceae Height: 10–60cm (4–24 inches) Flowers: May to July Habitat: Moist alpine slopes and meadows Ornamental Plants / Cultivated Ornamentals
Alpine primroses from highland landscapes
These endemic alpine primulas are adapted to the cool, open conditions of upland landscapes in western China. Primula sinoplantaginea produces rounded umbels of pink to purplish flowers with broad, open corollas, forming a compact, pompom-like head, while Primula tangutica has slender stems bearing one or more looser umbels of red or yellow flowers with narrow, reflexed petals, creating a light, airy effect. Fine hairs on the plant surface are characteristic of alpine species and may help reduce moisture loss and protect against intense alpine sunlight. Both species require consistent moisture combined with excellent drainage and are sensitive to heat. They are cultivated primarily by specialist growers, botanic gardens and alpine collections. Primula tangutica, whose native range extends across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, attracted attention for its distinctive form and high-altitude origin when introduced to Western horticulture at the start of the 20th century, forming part of a broader wave of alpine species brought into cultivation.
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica
300
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Primula sinoplantaginea & Primula tangutica
301
01
Agrostemma githago Annual Family: Caryophyllaceae Height: 30–100cm (12–39 inches) Flowers: July to September Habitat: Arable land, field margins and disturbed ground Toxic Plant / Agricultural Weed & Ornamental
Once a familiar companion of wheat
Agrostemma githago, commonly known as corncockle, is a slender, softly hairy annual often occurring in and around cultivated fields. It has narrow leaves and striking, long-stalked pink to purple flowers each held within a star-like calyx whose lobes extend beyond the petals. Native to Europe and western Asia, it has spread widely with agriculture and is now naturalised in parts of northern China. Its seeds are notably toxic to humans and livestock. Historically associated with grain cultivation, the plant spread as a contaminant of harvested cereal seed and was once a regular, if unwelcome, presence in arable fields. Though greatly reduced by modern seed cleaning, it persists in some areas and is occasionally encountered outside cultivated fields. Its delicate flowers have led to its inclusion in wildflower mixes and informal garden plantings, where it may be grown as an ornamental attractive to pollinators. Despite scattered regional references to medicinal use, Agrostemma githago is not part of established Chinese materia medica. It is best understood as a toxic arable weed whose occurrence in crops has long required careful management.
Agrostemma githago
338
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Agrostemma githago
339
01
Agrostemma githago Annual Family: Caryophyllaceae Height: 30–100cm (12–39 inches) Flowers: July to September Habitat: Arable land, field margins and disturbed ground Toxic Plant / Agricultural Weed & Ornamental
Once a familiar companion of wheat
Agrostemma githago, commonly known as corncockle, is a slender, softly hairy annual often occurring in and around cultivated fields. It has narrow leaves and striking, long-stalked pink to purple flowers each held within a star-like calyx whose lobes extend beyond the petals. Native to Europe and western Asia, it has spread widely with agriculture and is now naturalised in parts of northern China. Its seeds are notably toxic to humans and livestock. Historically associated with grain cultivation, the plant spread as a contaminant of harvested cereal seed and was once a regular, if unwelcome, presence in arable fields. Though greatly reduced by modern seed cleaning, it persists in some areas and is occasionally encountered outside cultivated fields. Its delicate flowers have led to its inclusion in wildflower mixes and informal garden plantings, where it may be grown as an ornamental attractive to pollinators. Despite scattered regional references to medicinal use, Agrostemma githago is not part of established Chinese materia medica. It is best understood as a toxic arable weed whose occurrence in crops has long required careful management.
Agrostemma githago
338
Chinese Wild Plants in Botanical Illustration
Agrostemma githago
339
© 2026 China Forestry Publishing House Co., Ltd. World copyright reserved ISBN: 978 1 78884 365 2 First published in 2026 by Guangxi Normal University Press This English edition published in 2026 by ACC Art Books in association with Guangxi Normal University Press ©2026 ACC Art Books Ltd This book is authorised to be published by China Forestry Publishing House Co., Ltd. The right of China Forestry Publishing House Co., Ltd. to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (UK) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Guangxi Normal University Press Designers: Lu Mingjing, Zhang Qiulan Project editors: Xiao Li, Yang Ziyu Translator: Jiang Yiying Production controller: Luo Gang ACC Art Books Publisher: James Smith Senior editor: Alice Bowden Head of design: Mariona Vilarós Capella Production: Simon Walsh and Heather Johnson
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