Test Bank for Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6th Edition

Test Bank for Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6th Edition

Test Bank for Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6th Edition

Test Bank for Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6th Edition

Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6e Dee McGonigle (Test Bank All Chapters, 100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answers At The End Of Each Chapter (CH 1-25) Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

is an assessment of the risk of the hazardous material causing illness in the population. a. Hazard identification b. Exposure assessment c. Dose–response assessment d. Risk characterization 2.

is the term for when a student actually assumes a role or performs an activity during a simulation. a. Prebrief b. Enactment c. Debrief d. Assessment 3.

A dedicated clinician is required on the receiving end of the transmissions from patients at home. This requirement has limited the application of telehealth because of: a. the availability of equipment. b. the user's knowledge of and skill with the equipment. c. cost and scheduling difficulties. d. the clinician's ability to apply the information.

4.

A healthcare organization creates a blame-free environment in which staff members can report errors and commit additional resources to address safety concerns. This organization is said to have a: a. culture of safety. b. culture of accountability. c. safety promotion culture. d. failure-tolerant culture.

5.

A nurse is performing a physical exam on a patient and sees that the patient is crying. Which of the following demonstrates that the nurse is practicing transcendent practice? a. The nurse pauses the physical examination, calls the patient by name, and gently touches the patient's hand. b. The nurse continues the physical exam and does not acknowledge that the patient is crying. c. The nurse stops the exam and asks a family member to sit with the patient. d. The nurse finishes the physical exam and documents that the patient was tearful.

6.

A nurse is reviewing a randomized controlled trial that was published in a medical journal. Which of the following must the nurse apply in order to use this evidence in nursing care? a. Nursing theory Powered by Cognero

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Test Bank for Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge 6th Edition b. Medical knowledge c. Esthetic criticism

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d. Personal opinion 7.

A nurse researcher is searching open access journals and understands that funding for these articles may come from which of the following? a. Charges to universities b. Charges to the readers c. Charges to the authors d. Charges to the health organizations 8.

A nurse researcher is using a data mining model that uses the steps of sample, explore, modify, model, and assess. Which model is the nurse researcher using? a. SEMMA model b. Six Sigma model c. KDD model d. Informatics model 9.

A nurse researcher starts to assimilate data. Once the nurse starts to understand the data, which of the following occurs? a. Data quality issues are identified. b. Data are processed into a model. c. Study conclusions are made. d. A new data mining project is started.

10.

A nurse's responses to a patient during interactions are based in which of the following? a. The nurse's education and experiences b. The patient's subjective experience c. The healthcare organization's mission and values d. The nurse's personal knowledge of nursing theories 11.

A nursing student tells you that he wrote his entire paper using an AI tool. What is your best advice to him? a. “You should consult with your instructor and discuss the use of AI tools in this course.” b. “You should proofread the paper you generated since AI tools can include erroneous information.” c. “You should cite the AI tool that you used, state how much of the paper was generated by the AI tool, and state how much you contributed other than accessing the AI tool.” d. All of these are correct.

12.

A patient has undergone a knee replacement and lives in a rural location. Which of the following will the nurse recommend for a home exercise program? a. Teletherapy with motion-tracking webcam technology b. Inpatient physical therapy Powered by Cognero

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c. Outpatient physical therapy at the closest healthcare facility d. Use of written patient handouts on exercise after a joint replacement 13.

A patient with congestive heart failure is homebound. Why would the nurse recommend telenursing for this patient? a. Ongoing monitoring reduces the occurrence of acute exacerbations of disease. b. Telehealth reduces inpatient length of stays. c. Telehealth uses healthcare resources more appropriately than inpatient centers do. d. The use of standards and guidelines in telehealth occurs more often than in inpatient centers.

14.

A physician is entering a medication order for aspirin and an alert is generated, reminding the physician that the patient is allergic to salicylic acid and listing alternative medications. This alert is known as which of the following? a. Clinical decision support trigger b. Pharmaceutical support alert c. Health information trigger d. Physician order entry alert 15.

According to The Joint Commission, a patient safety issue that results in death, serious harm, or temporary harm is termed a: a. clinical lapse. b. sentinel event. c. rare occurrence. d. safety culture issue.

16.

Communications supported by social media can be invaluable during a crisis. Which of the following is not a form of social media–supported communication? a. Citizen to citizen b. Citizens to authorities c. Podcasts and videos d. Authorities to authorities 17.

Context of care evidence may be gathered from: a. audit and performance data. b. the culture of the organization. c. local or national policy. d. All of these are correct.

18.

Different web address (domain) suffixes indicate who is responsible for creating a website. A web address sponsored by the government would have which suffix?

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a. .com b. .edu c. .org d. .gov 19.

Electronic health records may help to promote public health initiatives by: a. promoting early detection of potential pandemic occurrences. b. automating syndromic surveillance of emergency department records. c. generating population-level alerts to be sent to clinicians. d. All of these are correct.

20.

Hybrid or blended delivery of courses means that: a. courses are team taught by educators and clinical practitioners. b. courses have both face-to face and online learning episodes. c. instruction includes both audio and video podcasts. d. wikis and blogs are central to the course delivery.

21.

In 2019, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) amended the EHR benefits that it had listed in 2014. The ONC reminded us that the EHR provides: a. information whenever and wherever it is needed to improve patient care. b. data and information for the sole use of healthcare providers. c. specific information that each individual provider should apply only to their profession. d. None of these is correct.

22.

Linda is a home care nurse who works for a home health agency based in Pennsylvania, very near the Ohio border. She is assigned to monitor the home telehealth patients for 1 week to cover for another nurse who is on vacation. Which of the following is true? a. Linda must be licensed to practice nursing in both Pennsylvania and Ohio if telehealth patients are located in both states. b. Linda must be licensed to practice nursing in Pennsylvania because that is where the agency is located. c. Linda must be licensed to practice nursing and be certified as a home telecare nurse in order to provide vacation coverage. d. Linda must be licensed to practice nursing in Pennsylvania because that is where the agency is located, and she must be certified as a home telecare nurse in order to provide vacation coverage.

23.

One of the ways that healthcare organizations can utilize informatics for patient education is via: a. brochures. b. group education classes. c. videotapes. d. kiosks.

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24.

Organizations with the authority to accredit EHRs: a. test EHRs. b. compare EHRs against NIST standards. c. develop and test EHRs. d. compare EHRs against NIST standards and test EHRs. 25.

Portfolio evidence should demonstrate: a. what a person knows. b. what a person can do. c. the values that a person holds as important. d. All of these are correct.

26.

Simulation is used to allow students to: a. actively use informatics in an authentic and realistic learning context. b. increase their team participation in learning activities. c. reflect on their clinical experience with live patients. d. None of these is correct.

27.

Smart pumps are designed for safe administration of high-hazard drugs and to reduce adverse drug events during intravenous medication administration. What happens when a hard alarm is generated by a smart pump? a. A licensed clinician or a pharmacist can override a hard alarm and administer the drug as programmed. b. The pump must be reprogrammed so that the rate and dose for administration of the high-hazard intravenous drug falls within the facility's safe infusion parameters. c. The nurse must call the physician for a verbal order to turn off the smart pump technology and administer the drug as ordered. d. Members of the biomedical engineering department can reprogram the pump to avoid these nuisance alarms.

28.

The EHR function that allows a clinician to enter medication and other care orders directly into a computer, including laboratory, microbiology, pathology, radiology, nursing, supply orders, ancillary services, and consults, is known as: a. the core care function. b. the physician interface. c. order entry management. d. None of these is correct.

29.

The four facets of the metaverse are: a. hardware, software, content, and IoE. b. information, people, virtual settings, and IoT. c. data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. d. AR, VR, MR, and XR. Powered by Cognero

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30.

Transmission of pathologic images to specialists is: a. telemedicine. b. teleradiology. c. telepathology. d. telenursing.

31.

What is computational biology? a. Acquiring, processing, generating, and disseminating knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they are understanding and utilizing what they know and have learned b. An interdisciplinary science with a focus on data management and interpretation for complex biological phenomena that are analyzed and visualized using mathematical modeling and numerical methodologies with predictive algorithms c. The interdisciplinary science of acquiring, structuring, analyzing, and providing access to biomedical data, information, and knowledge. It is grounded in the principles of computer science, information science, cognitive science, social science, and engineering, as well as the clinical and basic biological sciences. d. The actual process of analyzing and interpreting data 32.

Which of the following is a potential outcome of patient-centered care? a. Patients can provide their subjective experience as an input to improve healthcare delivery. b. Care providers may develop their capacity for reflexivity, which may improve their understanding of the implications of their actions. c. Patients and practitioners can provide insights into the overall organization on how to innovate processes and facilities to respond to local needs. d. All of these are correct.

33.

Which of the following is not a part of tele-ICU nursing? a. The tele-ICU nurse must live within 30 miles of the ICU for which they provide services. b. The tele-ICU nurse uses clinical decision support tools and monitors for adherence to clinical guidelines. c. Real-time patient data are transmitted via high-tech audio and video to the tele-ICU nurse for assessment. d. Computer programs and algorithms are used to assist with clinical decision-making.

34.

Which of the following is the term for how a learner interacts with a game? a. Game mechanics b. Virtual world c. Simulation d. Gameplay 35.

Which of the following statements is true of multimedia learning tools? a. Multimedia tools increase student engagement in the learning process.

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b. Multimedia tools facilitate learning retention. c. Multimedia tools will soon replace clinical instruction. d. Multimedia tools increase student engagement in the learning process and facilitate learning retention.

36.

Which of the following terms could describe patients partnering with healthcare professionals to manage their health? a. Empowerment b. Patient engagement c. Connected health d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

37.

A 3D virtual world often mimics a real-world environment, although it may also include impossible abilities, such as flying unaided. a. True b. False 38.

A basic knowledge of EHRs and nursing informatics is now considered to be an advanced informatics competency. a. True b. False 39.

A haplotype map identifies a set of closely linked alleles on a chromosome that tend to be inherited together. a. True b. False 40.

An accountability assessment tool may help readers to distinguish between human error and reckless behavior. a. True b. False 41.

An advantage of an EHR is not having to interpret poor handwriting. a. True b. False 42.

An important issue associated with Internet-based data collection is whether participants actually are who they say they are, and whether they actually have the variable of interest or are just pretending to be someone or something they are not. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 43.

Artificial intelligence tools have been used to screen lung scans for evidence of COVID-19–specific lung lesions. a. True b. False 44.

Augmented reality (AR) provides stimulation or input for multiple senses, including olfactory, visual, auditory, haptic, and somatosensory such as pressure, pain, or warmth; it is composed of apps, wearable technologies such as glasses, and software that not only interact with you, but also enhance your senses with data, information, audio, and images. a. True b. False 45.

Bioinformatics (BI) is a less mature scientific discipline that aims to research and develop algorithms, computational and statistical techniques that solve biological problems. a. True b. False 46.

Caring consciousness is energy within the human–environmental field of a caring moment. a. True b. False 47.

Computers can aid greatly in the storage, tabulation, and retrieval of qualitative data by acting as the equivalent of an electronic filing cabinet. Data analysis can also be aided by simple data management programs, such as Excel, Access, or NVivo, in which a user can categorize data and link categories with key words. a. True b. False 48.

Exploratory data analysis is an approach or philosophy that uses mainly graphical techniques to gain insight into a dataset. a. True b. False 49.

For evidence-based practice to be adopted into a workplace culture, leaders of the organization must support its use. a. True b. False 50.

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Homegrown or locally developed EHR systems are common. a. True b. False 51.

If a nurse is fully present to the patient, the nurse will be able to notice subtle changes in the patient. a. True b. False 52.

In a “just culture,” system or process issues that lead to unsafe behaviors and errors are addressed by changing practices or workflow processes, and a clear message is communicated that reckless behaviors will not be tolerated. a. True b. False 53.

Information prescriptions direct patients and families to credible websites, including government and HCO websites, as well as wikis and blogs, that may help them understand their health issues. a. True b. False 54.

Making full use of available library resources serves to strengthen information literacy skills, enabling learners to master content and extend their investigations, become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own learning. a. True b. False 55.

Repetition of research studies is needed to advance knowledge. a. True b. False 56.

Risk factor assessments do not complement the vital statistics data systems, but do complement the morbidity data systems by providing information on factors earlier in the causal chain that lead to illness. a. True b. False 57.

Role-playing games are an excellent way for nursing educators to guide students through any situation where a sequenced step-by-step introduction to the parts of the job or skill is required. a. True b. False 58.

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Some technologies, such as telehealth encounters, may present barriers to active listening. a. True b. False 59.

Telehealth can refer to clinical and nonclinical uses of health-related contacts. a. True b. False 60.

Telehospice or telepalliative care can use real-time or remote monitoring to provide psychological support to patients and caregivers. Telehealth devices can also play a role in symptom management, in effect helping endof-life patients achieve an optimal quality of life. a. True b. False 61.

The eHealth Initiative is largely successful because of interoperability among healthcare systems and the adoption of national data standards. a. True b. False 62.

The nurse informaticist works with and often leads a team that typically consists of statisticians and computer scientists. Their ability to track and extract data and information in meaningful ways advances nursing knowledge, and, when coupled with innovative, evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, will have significant impact on our practice and the nursing profession. a. True b. False 63.

The term knowledge deployment refers to taking the pattern and model identified in the pattern discovery phase and applying them to new data to test whether they can achieve the desired outcome. a. True b. False 64.

The use of social media data during public emergencies has been variously termed crisis informatics or disaster informatics. a. True b. False 65.

Two examples of publicly available databases are the Gene Expression Omnibus, which is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Library of Medicine, and Array-Express, which is maintained by the European Bioinformatics Institute. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 66.

Virtual and latex-based simulations are valuable educational assets in all levels of nursing education. They provide a safe, authentic environment to develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes prior to interacting with actual patients. There is no risk to patients, and students can practice and receive assessment and feedback in controlled episodes, including unusual events. It relates well to adaptive learning methods such as branching logic that allow the learner to guide the learning. The learner can learn, relearn, and hone skills while practicing dynamic and complex situations with the ability to decrease and eliminate mistakes. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. a 10. a 11. d 12. a 13. a 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. d 19. d 20. b 21. a 22. a 23. d 24. d 25. d Powered by Cognero

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26. a 27. b 28. c 29. b 30. c 31. d 32. d 33. a 34. d 35. d 36. d 37. True 38. False 39. True 40. True 41. True 42. True 43. True 44. True 45. True 46. True 47. True 48. True 49. True 50. False 51. True Powered by Cognero

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52. True 53. True 54. True 55. True 56. False 57. True 58. True 59. True 60. True 61. False 62. True 63. True 64. True 65. True 66. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse is documenting nursing care in the electronic health record. Which of the following is the most important reason for this action? a. Communicating patient information to help coordinate care b. Following the healthcare facility's policy c. Contributing to public health information d. Advancing information technology 2.

A nurse is educating a patient on privacy of health information. The nurse explains that privacy is part of which federal law? a. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act b. Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act c. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Act d. American Recovery and Reaffirmation Act 3.

A nurse is explaining the impact of a nationwide electronic health record on nursing to a nursing student. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “The electronic health record will likely provide the ability to make more efficient and timely nursing care decisions for patients.” b. “The electronic health record will increase errors but will increase the access to patient data.” c. “The electronic health record will not impact the quality of care but will make patient care more efficient.” d. “The electronic health record will not impact nursing or nursing care delivery in any meaningful way.”

4.

A patient is admitted to a healthcare facility and has questions about the facility's privacy practices. To which of the following does the patient have a right? a. A paper copy of the notice of privacy practices of the facility b. An electronic copy of privacy disclosures for the facility c. An individual safeguard policy for the patient's protected health information d. A copy of staff training records on patient privacy 5.

A patient's electronic health record in a health system has been breached by an outside source. Which of the following is the priority action by the health system? a. The patient must be notified of the breach. b. The patient's family members must be notified of the breach. c. The patient's primary care provider should be notified first. d. The patient's insurance company should be notified immediately.

6.

CMS meaningful use guidelines were replaced by which of the following laws? a. Sarbanes Oxley Act Powered by Cognero

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b. FDA Electronic Records Act c. Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act d. 21st Century Cures Act 7.

The HITECH Act had which of the following goals? a. Improve healthcare quality b. Reduce healthcare costs c. Improve and protect public health d. All of these are correct.

8.

The HITECH Act has had a significant impact on HIPAA's Privacy and Security Rules in which of the following ways? a. Weakened the enforcement of HIPAA b. Removed the annual guidance from the Department of Health and Human Services regarding how to secure health information c. Enhanced notification requirements in the event of a breach in the security of health information d. All of these are correct.

9.

Which of the following is not part of the 21st Century Cures Act? a. Regulating the development and release of medical apps b. Promoting research into preventing and curing serious illnesses c. Supporting community mental health efforts d. Improving interoperability and health information exchange by providing seamless access to improved EHRs 10.

Which of the following terms is defined as any physical or mental health information created, received, or stored by a “covered entity” that can be used to identify an individual patient, regardless of the form of the health information? a. Protected health information b. Patient health information c. Provider health information d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? All nurses need to be engaged in the development and integration of a nationwide electronic health record. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Existing accounting rules are enhanced under the HITECH Act, giving patients the right to access their EHR and receive an accounting of all disclosures. Before the HITECH Act, HIPAA regulations Powered by Cognero

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provided an exception to the accounting requirements. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? HIPAA was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996 to monitor physicians and hospitals and enhance information exchange without consequences. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? The federal Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act) is part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The ARRA was enacted to stimulate various sectors of the United States. The health information technology (HIT) industry was one area where lawmakers saw an opportunity to stimulate the economy and improve the delivery of health care at the same time. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? The Policy Committee established by the HITECH Act is responsible for making recommendations to the coordinator about how to implement the requirements of the HITECH Act, such as the technologies to use in the infrastructure. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. a 11. True 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. True

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CH 3

Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse attends continuing education programs and reads nursing research articles regularly, thereby: a. disseminating nursing knowledge. b. enhancing the nurse's wisdom. c. demonstrating professional collaboration. d. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge.

2.

A nurse has committed to lifelong learning and understands that it will come from which of the following? a. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers b. The knowledge acquisition and processing of other healthcare providers c. The research generation from nurse researchers and application of evidence d. The generation of knowledge and research from medical health providers 3.

A nurse is caring for a complex patient with a multidisciplinary team. The nurse demonstrates autonomy, advanced critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. What challenge might this nurse have in working with the team? a. Resistance to change b. Inexperience in leadership c. Difficulty making nursing judgments d. Lack of expertise 4.

A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Which type of knowledge will they use? a. Explicit b. Indirect c. Clinical d. Critical 5.

A nurse is teaching a new nurse about knowledge workers. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators.” b. “Experienced nurses are knowledge consumers because they know where to find knowledge.” c. “Nurse researchers are knowledge consumers because they collect data that already exist.” d. “A new nurse is a knowledge broker because they use resources to find information.”

6.

Reflection on practice to gain insight into why an approach was successful (or not) in a practice situation helps a professional to build: a. tacit knowledge. b. explicit knowledge. c. organizational knowledge.

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CH 3 d. collaborative knowledge.

7.

Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be which type of knowledge worker? a. Knowledge consumers b. Knowledge innovators c. Knowledge generators d. Knowledge brokers 8.

When nursing professionals work with information and generate information and knowledge as a product, they can be described as: a. seasoned professionals. b. knowledge workers. c. practice managers. d. innovators.

9.

Which of the following activities is used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? a. Reading research and theory articles b. Attending continuing education programs c. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines d. All of these are correct.

10.

Wisdom is: a. knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions. b. insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters. c. the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge. d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? Each person processes and assimilates knowledge in a unique way. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Knowledge and wisdom are synonymous. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Nurses use data and information. This information is then converted to knowledge. The nurse then acts on this knowledge by initiating a plan of care, updating an existing one, or maintaining the status quo.

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CH 3 a. True b. False 14.

True or False? Nursing science focuses on the ethical application of knowledge. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Situations, experiences, education, and knowledge building promote transitions between types of knowledge workers. a. True b. False

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CH 3 Answer Key 1. d 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. d 11. True 12. False 13. True 14. True 15. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse accesses lab results of a patient not under the nurse's care in the electronic health record. The nurse is violating: a. patient confidentiality. b. patient safety. c. the state nurse practice act. d. care coordination.

2.

A nurse is using the International Classification for Nursing Practice when documenting patient care. The nurse understands this facilitates the ability to compare and combine: a. patient care data from different sources. b. research findings from different authors. c. national standards and care recommendations. d. treatment options and outcomes.

3.

A nurse reviews a patient's blood pressure measurements over the past 12 hours and recognizes that the blood pressure has been elevated. The clustering of these data represents: a. information. b. wisdom. c. a data set. d. a diagnosis.

4.

In 2015, the American Nurses Association published the second edition of the: a. Scope of Nursing Informatics. b. Standards of Nursing Informatics. c. Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice. d. Nursing Informatics Practice: Scope and Standards.

5.

Nurses gather atomic-level data reflected in: a. blood pressure. b. pulse rate. c. blood glucose. d. All of these are correct.

6.

Nursing terminology must be easy to access, with information and knowledge available anywhere. These qualities can be described by which of the following terms? a. Accessibility and reusability b. Accessibility and ubiquity c. Accessibility and longevity Powered by Cognero

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d. Accessibility and standardization 7.

Skills related to nursing information literacy include: a. differentiating between scholarly and popular journals. b. locating and retrieving information from credible sources. c. recognizing a need for information. d. All of these are correct.

8.

The core skill set related to the use of computers, electronic health records, healthcare technologies, and knowledge generation in a discipline is known as: a. informatics wisdom. b. informatics competency. c. the DIKW paradigm. d. essential practice.

9.

The nurse violates a patient's confidentiality and right to privacy by: a. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results. b. providing a bedside report containing patient information to the oncoming nurse. c. discussing care-related information with the patient's respiratory therapist. d. discussing a patient's diagnosis with an authorized family member.

10.

Which of the following is defined as the appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems? a. Transformation b. Information c. Research d. Wisdom

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? Central to the development of robust expert systems is the agreement on and use of standard terminologies that accurately codify and capture the nature of nursing in these electronic systems. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? In the future, nurses are likely to have access to evidence and knowledge derived from large aggregates of clinical data, including nursing interventions and resultant outcomes. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Nurses must know key aspects of national laws and organizational policies governing privacy Powered by Cognero

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and security of health information. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? Once standardized, a term can be measured and coded. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. d 8. b 9. a 10. d 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

is the ability to manage results of all types electronically, including laboratory and radiology procedure reports, both current and historical. a. Data warehousing b. Results management c. Digital manipulation d. Electronic searching 2.

Although first proposed in 2004, EHR implementation blossomed after passage of the HITECH Act in 2009 because of: a. the president discussing EHRs in the State of the Union address. b. monetary incentives and potential penalties administered by CMS. c. implementation support provided by IT professionals. d. the president discussing EHRs in the State of the Union address and implementation support provided by IT professionals.

3.

An integrated CIS/EHR system supports administrative clinical analytics functions such as: a. staffing and acuity data. b. outcomes measures. c. staffing and acuity data and outcomes measures. d. None of these is correct.

4.

Even though it is realistic to develop alerts, such as sepsis alerts, using the EHR, further research is necessary to comprehend how to design these alerts in order to actually change: a. the structure of the EHR. b. the healthcare provider's behavior. c. patient engagement. d. None of these is correct.

5.

John, a 78-year-old male patient in a hospital, is referred to a pulmonary specialist for a consult on his breathing problems. The specialist orders a CT scan of the lungs and is alerted by the EHR that a CT scan was performed 1 week ago. This alert is designed to prevent duplicate testing and is part of which essential EHR component? a. Decision support system b. Cost savings function c. Physician assist system d. Testing management system 6.

The benefits of EHR use recognized in early studies include all of the following, except: a. increased delivery of guidelines-based care. b. enhanced capacity to perform surveillance and monitor for disease conditions.

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c. reduction in medication errors. d. improved workflow.

7.

Which of the following is a universal denominator in the development of EHRs? a. User friendliness b. Patient safety c. Both user friendliness and patient safety d. None of these is correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

8.

True or False? A CIS may be used effectively as a staff development tool. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? HealthIT.gov emphasizes that EHRs hold the promise of transforming health care by improving all aspects of patient safety and promoting patient-centered care. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Interoperable EHRs are foundational to the development of HIEs. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? The EHR may be used to identify patients who qualify for research studies. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Under the Medicare Access and Summary CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), there is now an explicit requirement for providers and hospitals to use a certified EHR that meets a set of standard functional definitions to be eligible for reimbursement incentives. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. False

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A family of four decides to purchase a copy of Microsoft Office and proceeds to load the software on each of their computers in the same network. Which of the following statements best describes their behavior? a. This is acceptable use because they are one family. b. This is a clear violation of copyright. c. Because all of the computers are on the same home network, this is not an issue. d. None of these is correct.

2.

Computer-based instruction may: a. erase geographic boundaries for students. b. enhance the presentation of content. c. improve learning outcomes. d. All of these are correct.

3.

Describing educational games, simulations, and virtual worlds, which of the following statements is true? a. They all share some characteristics. b. It's difficult to find a “pure” experience in any of the genres. c. Simulations may have game-like qualities, and virtual worlds may be used to present a simulation. d. All of these are correct.

4.

Simulation episodes are concluded with: a. instructor feedback. b. debriefing. c. interactive review of the simulated episode by the team. d. All of these are correct.

5.

Simulators encompass a broad range of devices including, but not limited to: a. partial task trainers, such as an IV insertion arm/screen-based simulations, including simulated EHRs. b. simulated environments replicating a realistic patient care area. c. complex computer-driven human patient simulation manikins. d. All of these are correct.

6.

The four steps involved in developing an e-portfolio are collect, select, reflect, and: a. reply. b. think. c. connect. d. network.

7.

What is meant by the statement that learning is a multispacial function?

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a. Learning can take place in both physical and virtual spaces. b. Students learn best when learning spaces are comfortable. c. Learning episodes must be designed specifically for the classroom environment. d. All of these are correct.

8.

When students in an online course engage in discussion in an electronic forum, they are involved in which of the following type(s) of interactions? a. Learner–interface b. Learner–instructor c. Learner–learner d. Learner–instructor and learner–learner 9.

Which of the following is not an example of application software normally sold with a computer? a. Print driver program b. Word processing program c. Spreadsheet program d. Presentation graphics program 10.

You are the nurse informaticist at your university. A new faculty member approaches you about artificial intelligence (AI) and wants to know how it will impact the student experience. Your best response would be to tell her that intelligent agents could help with: a. tracking students' academic work and focusing on their e-portfolio. b. providing access to the library and helping with specific needs. c. motivating the students, providing academic assistance and student services, and keeping them informed about campus life and extracurricular activities. d. teaching students how to study and providing reminders about due dates.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? AI is a tool that can be freely used by students to help them with their course work. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Generation Z are entering nursing schools and the workplace. These are individuals born between 1996 and 2010, and they are the most racially and ethnically diverse generation yet. They are very comfortable with technology, especially using the Internet and devices to obtain information when they need or want it. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Virtual worlds are intended for their users to inhabit and interact with. Today the term has Powered by Cognero

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become largely synonymous with interactive 3D virtual environments, where the users take the form of avatars visible to others graphically. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. d 3. d 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. a 8. c 9. a 10. c 11. False 12. True 13. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A computerized provider order entry system is essential for promoting: a. patient and family satisfaction. b. patient safety. c. care plan development. d. All of these are correct.

2.

A healthcare facility is integrating a new clinical information system, and a team of healthcare professionals is developing the design of the system. These healthcare professionals are: a. stakeholders. b. executive team members. c. analysts. d. software developers.

3.

A nurse case manager is working with the staff to develop nursing interventions and care guidelines to optimize the patient's outcomes, which will be used in forming a: a. care plan. b. decision tree. c. collaborative algorithm. d. All of these are correct.

4.

A nurse is reviewing the nursing staff resources that are allocated for the next shift and recognizes that more resources are needed. This review is part of which core business system? a. Scheduling system b. Acuity system c. Admission, discharge, and transfer system d. Financial system 5.

A patient accesses the electronic health record at home to update recent health changes. The physician acknowledges these changes and responds to the patient via email. This patient–healthcare provider interaction promotes which of the following? a. Communication b. Medical errors c. Resource allocation d. Quality control 6.

An efficient way to promote better access to organizational data is to: a. store the data in the cloud. b. store the data on site. c. triage and tier the data.

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d. participate in a health information exchange.

7.

Case management information systems are especially beneficial for those with: a. acute emergent problems. b. self-limiting illnesses. c. chronic diseases. d. All of these are correct.

8.

Information systems (ISs) in health care differ from ISs in manufacturing and business because: a. health care is multidisciplinary. b. health care is highly regulated. c. health care is professionally driven. d. All of these are correct.

9.

The acuity system calculates the care requirements for individual patients based on: a. severity of illness. b. specialized equipment and technology needed. c. intensity of interventions. d. All of these are correct.

10.

The highest level of interoperability is: a. semantic. b. structural. c. functional. d. None of these is correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? Another name for a clinical information system is patient care monitoring system. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Consistently sharing information about patients across health systems violates interoperability. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Data mining software helps to discover patterns and identify relationships. a. True b. False Powered by Cognero

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14.

True or False? Paper-based orders have been shown to be just as efficient and safe as computerized physician order entry. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Some admission, discharge, and transfer (ADT) systems are capable of exchanging information across facilities to track patients receiving services from multiple providers, thus promoting coordinated care and care efficiencies. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. d 9. d 10. a 11. False 12. False 13. True 14. False 15. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A is a tool designed to emulate some aspect of the clinical practice environment, which may be focused on a single task or designed to mimic a complete patient care situation. They encompass a broad range of devices, such as partial task trainers (e.g., an IV insertion arm); screen-based simulations, including simulated EHRs, simulated documentation, and simulated environments replicating a realistic patient care area (virtual simulation); and complex computer-driven human patient simulation manikins (latex-based simulation). a. game b. simulator c. scaffold d. None of these is correct.

2.

An educational game—one designed for learning—is a subset of both play and fun, and is sometimes referred to as a(n): a. serious game. b. augmented reality game. c. children's game. d. casual game.

3.

In order to prepare future healthcare workers for the integration of VR into practice, what must occur in education? a. All healthcare educational programs must expose their students to the current technologies. b. There must be a meaningful integration of the current technologies into the educational programming to prepare our future healthcare workforce. c. The students must at least be able to define the technologies. d. The current technologies must be explained to the students so they are aware of what is going on in practice.

4.

Sometimes, one uses a device, such as a smartphone, to overlay additional information on the real world. For example, one might use the camera in the phone to view the stars at night and see on the phone's screen both the stars and the constellation labels and linking lines between the stars in a constellation. The exploits this concept in gamelike ways, bringing people together physically and virtually to solve a series of challenges. a. serious game b. augmented reality game c. educational game d. casual game 5.

The is a student-centered discussion during which the participants and observers reflect on performance during the scenario and make recommendations for future practice. a. prebrief b. enactment Powered by Cognero

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c. debrief d. assessment 6.

Which of the following is important when looking to adopt a simulated EHR? a. Cost and overall fidelity or realism b. Ease of use for the instructor and learner and flexibility of the system to be customized and used as a standalone tool or in the setting of a full-scale simulation scenario c. Technical support from the vendor, time to build or develop the patient database, and additional simulation materials included with the package d. All of these are correct.

7.

Which of the following is the term for an imitation of a real-life event or circumstance? a. Game mechanic b. Virtual world c. Simulation d. Game play

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

8.

True or False? Educational games are goal oriented and may be competitive in nature. They should be fun and perhaps a bit fantastical and light-hearted. A particular game may or may not include exploratory learning and social interaction. Although simulations are also goal oriented, the competition is generally subdued.

Simulations are generally more realistic and are not necessarily fun to use. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? Medical simulations use realistic 3D computer models of humans to investigate new medical possibilities and to test assumptions (learning-to-know skills). Simulations of drawing blood and complex medical operations are used to teach learning-to-do skills. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Of particular interest in the TIGER initiative is the call to take an active role in the design and integration of informatics tools that are intuitive, affordable, usable, responsive, and evidence based. This approach will promote truly new and innovative strategies for informatics education and create significant opportunities for collaboration between industry, academia, and clinical practice. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Rigorous or high-quality evaluation and research into the teaching and learning techniques offered by serious games can offer insight into future changes not conceived of at this moment. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 12.

True or False? Simulated experiences in nursing education should contain the PEDA elements to provide important opportunities for students to hone critical-thinking and clinical skills in a safe and supportive environment. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? The EHR can be used as an active learning tool within the classroom. Rather than requiring students to absorb information from a book, the EHR can become a powerful way for learners to make important connections about caring for patients with a specific disease process or to learn concepts of pathophysiology or pharmacology. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. c 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Bioinformatics is: a. the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they are understanding and utilizing what they know and have learned. b. an interdisciplinary science with a focus on data management and interpretation for complex biological phenomena that are analyzed and visualized using mathematical modeling and numerical methodologies with predictive algorithms. c. the interdisciplinary science of acquiring, structuring, analyzing, and providing access to biomedical data, information, and knowledge. It is grounded in the principles of computer science, information science, cognitive science, social science, and engineering, as well as the clinical and basic biological sciences. d. the actual process of analyzing and interpreting data.

2.

A nurse researcher analyzes databases to determine patterns of disease. Discovery of this knowledge will assist with which of the following? a. Prevention of sequelae of the disease b. Generation of new treatments c. Standardization of nursing care plans d. Prevention of disease 3.

A nurse researcher is using a complex model to mine a small dataset of information. This is known as which of the following? a. Bagging b. Boosting c. Exploratory data analysis d. Data drill down 4.

A nurse researcher is using descriptive statistics to complete a fast analysis of shared data. What is this process known as? a. Online analytic processing b. An electronic algorithm c. A decision tree analysis d. A neural network 5.

A nurse researcher is using the electronic health record (EHR) to identify patients who fall into gaps of care.

What function embedded in the EHR assists the nurse researcher in identifying these patients? a. A registry b. A database c. A quality alert d. A diagnosis code

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6.

A nurse researcher understands that data mining is most successful to reduce inefficiencies, improve quality, and support transformations when paired with which of the following? a. Interprofessional collaboration b. Nursing research c. Data warehousing d. Quantitative research 7.

AI data mining techniques have benefitted the response to COVID-19 by: a. discovering drugs already in use that might interfere with the mechanism of infection in COVID-19. b. detecting outbreaks and predicting both the spread of the disease and mortality. c. differentiating COVID-19 lung lesions from other infectious lung diseases in medical images. d. All of these are correct.

8.

Which of the following is not true of deep learning? a. Deep learning is a subset of AI and machine learning. b. Deep learning techniques use linear processing and simple neural networks. c. Deep learning processing uses a complex neural network with many layers. d. Deep learning techniques are particularly useful for the processing of images.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

9.

True or False? Bagging is a term for the use of voting and averaging in predictive data mining to synthesize the predictions from many models or methods or the use of the same type of a model on different data. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Biomedical informatics is the science underlying the acquisition, maintenance, retrieval, and application of biomedical knowledge and information to improve patient care, medical education, and health sciences research. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Computational biology can be defined as the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling, and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Data mining looks at data from different perspectives and brings new insights to the dataset. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 13.

True or False? Neural networks represent nonlinear predictive models. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? The decision tree mining technique uses regression to predict the outcome of y. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? The term big data refers to the process of using software to sort through data to discover patterns and ascertain or establish relationships. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. d 8. b 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A criminal attack on a network using software designed to guess passwords is known as: a. a zero day attack. b. a brute force attack. c. both a zero day attack and a brute force attack. d. None of these is correct.

2.

A hardware security tool that helps protect an organization against security breaches by issuing masks to protect the identity of a corporation's employees who are accessing the World Wide Web is a(n): a. proxy server. b. firewall. c. antivirus program. d. masking program.

3.

Acceptable use policies in an organization typically restrict downloads of files by employees because: a. employees may waste work time. b. of increased vulnerabilities to viruses. c. downloads interfere with backup and storage of data. d. None of these is correct.

4.

An organization's confidentiality policy should clearly define: a. which data are confidential. b. procedures for releasing confidential information. c. procedures to follow if confidential information is accidentally released without authorization. d. All of these are correct.

5.

Confidential information in a secure network is most typically breached by: a. people “hacking” in from outside the network. b. viruses or cookies that enter from email. c. unauthorized use by authorized users. d. None of these is correct.

6.

Devices that recognize thumbprints, retina patterns, or facial patterns are known as: a. biologic devices. b. biometric devices. c. radiofrequency identifiers. d. All of these are correct.

7.

Organizations are able to monitor who is using the organizational network and what files that user has accessed Powered by Cognero

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because any use of an electronic network: a. constitutes fair use. b. protects against spam. c. leaves a digital footprint. d. All of these are correct.

8.

Rate the strength of this password: $yourlastname. a. Strong password b. Weak password c. Illegitimate password d. Moderate password 9.

Rate the strength of this password: Phrase from a song, such as "Let it be." a. Strong password b. Weak password c. Illegitimate password d. Moderate password 10.

Rate the strength of this password: Your initials with one letter capitalized. a. Strong password b. Weak password c. Illegitimate password d. Moderate password 11.

The manipulation of a relationship, such as pretending to be an employee of the IT office and requesting an employee's password, is known as: a. hacking. b. social engineering. c. a zero day intrusion. d. a brute force attack.

12.

The purpose of a firewall is to: a. protect hardware from damage by excessive heat. b. examine both incoming and outgoing messages and network traffic. c. examine only incoming network traffic for malicious code. d. provide an easy way for network users to access the Internet.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

13.

True or False? Data loss prevention (DLP) allows the user to have a computer where the operating system, Powered by Cognero

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applications, and data are located and accessed on a central server instead of on the local desktop. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. b 12. b 13. False

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1.

True or False? Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term where the X is the variable and can represent any letter so it covers all of the various forms of computer or digitally altered realities that currently exist and other immersive technologies to be developed. We can experience augmentation through total immersion. a. True b. False 2.

True or False? Informatics nurses need to carefully consider the impact on patients of treatment by robot and app. a. True b. False 3.

True or False? New realities have transformed professional lives while generally leaving personal lives alone. a. True b. False 4.

True or False? Our current definition of reality is crucial to understanding our new realities and how they are transforming our personal and professional lives. a. True b. False 5.

True or False? Reality as we know it refers to the world or the state of things as they actually exist or the state of being actual or real. a. True b. False 6.

True or False? Reporting big health data comes relatively late in the Big Health Data Life Cycle. a. True b. False 7.

True or False? Robots are automated and/or smart machines that are programmed to complete the routine tasks typically done by a person. Robots are permeating throughout our healthcare delivery system; some assist with surgery, care for patients in place of nurses and others, and assume recurring tasks for nurses and doctors. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? The artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) is the blending or combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and the infrastructure of the Internet of Things (IoT) to realize efficiencies and enhance human–technology interfacing and interactions.

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a. True b. False 9.

True or False? The components of the metaverse are hardware, software, and content. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? The disruption in nursing that has come with personalized learning even extends to nursing curriculums. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? We can capture data from our patients' wearable devices such as smart watches. The data we collect and analyze from smart devices permit us to forecast or predict health problems and personalize treatment, supporting personalized medicine. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal. a. Workaround b. Situational awareness c. Usability d. None of these is correct.

2.

A cognitive walkthrough: a. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. b. detects problems early in the design process. c. is the least expensive method. d. All of these are correct.

3.

Task analysis examines: a. the number of tasks involved. b. how the user approaches the task in order to accomplish it. c. what the needed output is. d. All of these are correct.

4.

The FITT model: a. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. b. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task. c. is the least expensive method. d. All of these are correct.

5.

The impactful Institute of Medicine report, To Err Is Human, listed the top 10 most persistent medication and safety errors/issues. Which of the following errors was included and has continued to be an area of concern two decades after the report was issued? a. Look-alike labeling b. Unsafe practices associated with IV push medications c. Wrong route d. All of these are correct.

6.

What is the human–technology interface? a. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology b. Software designed to make technology work faster c. Hardware designed to facilitate its software d. Educating users on the use of the system Powered by Cognero

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

7.

True or False? In order for people to interact with other devices and computers, these machines must have smart ways to interact with each other. Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) provides the communication network for these devices to be interconnected. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? Much can be learned from the related fields of cognitive engineering, human factors, and ergonomics about how to make interfaces more compatible with their human users and the context of care. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? The human interfaces for each of the various technologies are different and can even differ among different brands or versions of the same device. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? The user experience (UX) is the user's experience from interacting with an object, product, or service. It has been connected to the term usability and refers to the design of products and services with the user in mind in order to meet the user's needs. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Videos have been combined as earcons to represent relationships among data elements, such as the relationship of systolic to diastolic blood pressure. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Wearable technology is the next new frontier in human–technology interfacing where the devices we wear can also interject signals into our body. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

“Blog” is: a. being linguistic, on-game. b. an online journal. c. the German word for talking. d. None of these is correct.

2.

A benefit for nurses to using technology for patient education is to: a. standardize the instructions. b. improve the compliance and documentation of education. c. easily distribute brochures to each patient. d. access information from any website on the computer.

3.

A major goal of the eHealth Initiative is to: a. promote technology as a means of improving health information. b. manage health information. c. empower consumers to understand their health needs. d. promote the ability to understand the economics of payment for services.

4.

A nurse is interacting with a patient who is a digital native. This patient was probably born after: a. 1972. b. 1976. c. 1979. d. 1982.

5.

The gap between those who have access to online information and those who do not is called the: a. digital divide. b. gray gap. c. know-do gap. d. weblog.

6.

When persons living with a chronic disease use the Internet for blogging about their health challenges or participating in online discussion forums, this is known as: a. self-diagnosis. b. self-management. c. peer-to-peer support. d. None of these is correct.

7.

Which of the following web domain suffixes is more likely to contain quality health education material?

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a. .ca b. .net c. .org d. .com 8.

Which of the following websites has a tutorial for learning how to evaluate health information? a. MedlinePlus b. NSF c. HON d. WebMD

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

9.

True or False? A major barrier to widespread adoption of email and text messaging among American healthcare providers is the fact that reimbursement mechanisms for electronic healthcare interventions are inadequate or nonexistent. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Interactive screening forms housed on a patient portal have been shown to increase the number of emergency room visits. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Mobile apps are software programs that operate or run on smartphones and other mobile communication devices. They can also be accessories that attach or connect to a smartphone or other mobile communication devices. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? The goal of health literacy for all is widely embraced in many sectors of health care, was a major goal of Healthy People 2010 and Healthy People 2020, and is continuing in Healthy People 2030. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. a 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse is reading a nursing research article and would like to translate the findings into clinical practice.

Which of the following can help the nurse bridge the gap between research and practice? a. Identify a clinical mentor who can help with understanding the research. b. Initiate a nursing research study in the patient care nursing unit. c. Seek the opinion of an experienced peer to see if the research is valid. d. Ask a physician to explain the research findings and utility in nursing practice.

2.

A nurse is teaching a peer about the Open Access Initiative and explains that the Internet serves as which of the following? a. A library of knowledge b. A consistent source of evidence-based practice c. A repository of translational research d. A vehicle of clinical best practices 3.

A nurse recognizes that there is an increase in urinary tract infections when urinary catheters are left in place for more than 24 hours. The nurse questions, “Does leaving catheters in place for more than 24 hours increase the risk of infection?” The nurse has initiated which method of research? a. Evidence-based practice b. Translational research c. Clinical research informatics d. Research utilization 4.

A nurse researcher is initiating an evidence-based research project and understands that the initial step in translating research into practice is which of the following? a. Identifying the problem, issue, or topic in nursing practice b. Performing a comprehensive literature review of nursing journals c. Conducting an analysis of the patient outcomes and results d. Adapting practice to include the research 5.

A nurse using open access for a literature search would be able to obtain which of the following? a. Peer-reviewed, free journal articles b. Clinical guidelines produced by the federal government c. Nursing research articles with a small associated cost d. Evidence-based practice quality initiative templates 6.

A nursing instructor is teaching nursing students about informatics and evidence-based practice, which are key competencies in which of the following? a. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) b. National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) Powered by Cognero

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c. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) d. Translating Research into Practice Initiative (TRIP-II) 7.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a combination of research findings and nonresearch evidence. Which of the following is a source(s) of nonresearch evidence? a. Organizational values b. Local data and context c. Patient preferences d. All of these are correct.

8.

One of the major outcomes of the Human Genome Project (HGP) was: a. the reduction in costs associated with the study of genomes at the beginning of the project as compared to those same costs nearing the end of the project. b. that all patients must be assessed and treated using genomics. c. that all of the DNA sequencing work was completed and the benefits were ready to be implemented in our healthcare delivery system. d. the realization that ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) arise from studying human genomes.

9.

The most reliable source of research evidence for informing practice is: a. the opinion of experts. b. qualitative research. c. quasi-experimental research. d. the randomized controlled trial.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

10.

True or False? As healthcare professionals, we must always consider how the advances in personalized medicine impact our provision of care and how we can take advantage of personalized medicine for our patients. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Both the molecular biomarkers and the protein-based network biomarkers have limitations because of their static nature. To increase the ability to make early diagnoses, identify disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and predict patient outcome, dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) were created, monitored, and evaluated at different stages and time-points of the disease, based on nonlinear dynamical theory and complex network theory. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Quantitative data collection tools or instruments include questionnaires, interviews, surveys, Powered by Cognero

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quizzes, assessments, email interviews, and web-based surveys. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? The future of health care is based on genomics. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? The time between research dissemination and clinical translation is typically 1 to 2 months. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Three projects are pivotal in genomics: the HGP, which focused on the DNA sequence from a single individual; the HapMap project, which focused on variation in the genome and on human populations; and the Cancer Genome Atlas Project, which is concerned with how cancer affects the genomes. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. d 8. d 9. d 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is: a. a four-phase approach. b. highly user oriented during phase 3. c. highly iterative. d. detail oriented with minimal user involvement.

2.

Which of the following is the term for the agile strategy that emphasizes collaboration, team autonomy or selfmanagement, and flexibility to adapt to emerging business realities? a. Waterfall b. Scrum c. Coaching d. Master guide 3.

Which of the following statements is correct about the waterfall model? a. It is one of the newest methods. b. Each phase flows back and forth. c. It is a sequential development process. d. All of these are correct.

4.

Which of the following terms refers to teasing out the requirements for the system after studying the business needs of the organization in detail? a. Feasibility b. Analysis c. Design d. Testing

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

5.

True or False? In timeboxing, the project is divided into sections, each having its own fixed budget and dates or milestones for deliverables. a. True b. False 6.

True or False? Interoperability is the ability to share information across organizations. a. True b. False 7.

True or False? MoSCoW stands for “Must have, Should have, Could have, and Would have.” The “must have” Powered by Cognero

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requirements are needed to meet the business needs and are critical to the success of the project. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? SDLC is a way to deliver efficient and effective information systems that fit with the strategic business plan of an organization. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? The dynamic system development method (DSDM) is a highly iterative and incremental approach with a high level of user input and involvement. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? The OOSD model is a highly linear approach. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Timeboxing is generally used to develop the feasibility study. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? To transform health care, it is necessary for clinicians to use information systems that can share patient data. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. False 11. False 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools housing the information disappear from conscious thought. a. Utility b. Reproducibility c. Transparency d. Verifiability 2.

Data are dirty when there are errors such as: a. duplicate entries. b. incomplete or outdated records. c. duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records. d. None of these is correct.

3.

What are data? a. Raw facts b. Processed information c. Inputted items that produce information d. None of these is correct.

4.

Which of the following is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge)? a. Data b. Wisdom c. Information d. Knowledge

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

5.

True or False? Characteristics of valuable, quality information include accessibility, security, timeliness, accuracy, relevancy, completeness, flexibility, reliability, objectivity, utility, transparency, verifiability, and reproducibility. a. True b. False 6.

True or False? In information systems, data are the same thing as inputs. a. True b. False Powered by Cognero

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7.

True or False? Information is acquired either by actively looking for it or by having it conveyed by the environment. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? Information science integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and the social sciences. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? It is important to understand how people obtain, manipulate, use, share, and dispose of information. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Nurses are knowledge workers. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Relevant information is a subjective descriptor, in that a group of users must have information that is relevant or applicable to their needs at the same time. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse understands the causeand-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in: a. reason. b. instinct. c. empiricism. d. intuition.

2.

A nurse is explaining cognitive science to a nursing student. Which statement indicates that the nursing student understands? a. “Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind.” b. “Cognitive science is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge.” c. “Cognitive science is computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual abilities.” d. “Cognitive science is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses.”

3.

A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built.” b. “Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use.” c. “Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer.” d. “Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a computer.”

4.

A nurse is learning about a new nursing skill through observations and interactions. This process is known as: a. knowledge acquisition. b. development of wisdom. c. epistemology. d. reasoning.

5.

A nurse takes a continuing education course on a new nursing skill. The application of this new knowledge in a practical way is known as: a. wisdom. b. skill competency. c. reasoning. d. skill execution.

6.

AI frequently functions in an assistive role in healthcare decision making. This is also known as: a. cognitive intelligence.

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b. augmented intelligence. c. assisted intelligence. d. computerized intelligence.

7.

Clinical decision support systems help users to: a. consider the consequences of alternative actions. b. choose the best course of action. c. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. d. All of these are correct.

8.

From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior? a. Philosophical b. Sociological c. Information processing d. Discipline science 9.

Which of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to know? a. Epistemology b. Wisdom c. Connectionism d. Knowledge

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

10.

True or False? As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is likely to replace human decision making in health care. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? The three sources of knowledge are intuition, instinct, and wisdom. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. False 11. True 12. False

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse is interested in pursuing a professional role in nursing informatics. Which of the following is an activity in which the informatics nurse will likely participate? a. Implementing information systems in the healthcare setting b. Modifying social networking systems in hospitals c. Reducing use of standardized nursing terminology d. Controlling healthcare providers' access to information on the computer 2.

A nurse is interested in the development of policies and education for nursing informatics and reading journals specifically on informatics. Which of the following should the nurse consider? a. Membership in an informatics professional organization b. A graduate degree in information systems c. A subscription to a professional nursing journal d. Membership in the state nurses' association 3.

A nurse is proficient in critical care nursing and pulls data out of the electronic health record that can impact patient care. This best describes which level of competency for practicing nurses? a. Experienced nurse b. Informatics nurse specialist c. Informatics innovator d. Beginning nurse 4.

A nurse joins a professional nursing informatics organization and is interested in learning more about becoming an informatics nursing specialist. Which of the following will the nurse utilize as part of the benefits of membership to learn more about this role? a. Access to networking with informatics professionals b. Access to a job bank with available postings c. Reduced conference fees at national conferences d. Access to publications including the quarterly newsletter 5.

The 2020 Nursing Informatics Workforce Survey revealed two new job responsibilities in addition to those listed in the 2017 survey. They are: a. systems development and systems optimization. b. project management and change/control management. c. quality initiatives and regulatory initiatives. d. systems implementation and utilization.

6.

The ANCC's examination is specific for the informatics nurse. Along with completing 30 contact hours of continuing education in informatics, the applicant must meet one of the following criteria: (1) 2,000 hours practicing as an informatics nurse, (2) 1,000 hours practicing as an informatics nurse and 12 semester hours of Powered by Cognero

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graduate academic credit toward a nursing informatics degree, or (3) completion of a nursing informatics degree that included at least 200 supervised practicum hours. The applicant must be a licensed registered nurse with at least 2 years of recent experience and have a(n): a. associate degree in nursing. b. baccalaureate degree in nursing. c. baccalaureate degree in computer science. d. All of these are correct.

7.

The informatics nurse specialist who takes on the role provides expert advice, opinions, and recommendations based on his or her area of expertise. Flexibility, good communication skills, excellent interpersonal skills, and extensive clinical and informatics knowledge are highly desirable skill sets for this role. a. product developer b. consultant c. educator d. researcher 8.

Which of the following nursing professionals possesses basic computer technology skills and information management skills? a. Beginning nurse b. Experienced nurse c. Informatics nurse specialist d. Informatics innovator 9.

Which of the following nursing professionals transforms software programs to support data analysis and aggregation? a. Beginning nurse b. Experienced nurse c. Informatics nurse specialist d. Informatics innovator 10.

Which role possibly entails data mining to create new informatics and clinical knowledge? a. Product developer b. Consultant c. Educator d. Researcher

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? Nurses have many educational opportunities available to become formally trained in the field of nursing informatics to become an informatics nurse specialist. a. True b. False Powered by Cognero

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12.

True or False? Nursing informatics will influence the development of future electronic health records. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? One position that informatics nurse specialists fill quite well is the role of the project manager, as a result of their ability to simultaneously manage multiple complex situations. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? The informatics nurse specialist role does not require an advanced degree or a post-master's certificate. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? The United States is the only country with strong informatics and health technology capabilities. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. d 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

is the process by which data collected during the course of a study are processed to identify trends and patterns of relationships. a. Data warehousing b. Data analysis c. Database management d. Data setting 2.

laws in the world of technology are notoriously misunderstood. The same laws that cover physical books, artwork, and other creative material apply in the digital world, and violations can lead to prosecution. a. Fair use b. Copyright c. Public domain d. None of these is correct.

3.

is a type of study in which patients who have an outcome of interest and patients who do not have the outcome are identified; the researcher then looks back in time (typically using health records) to determine exposures and experiences that could have contributed to the outcome occurring or not occurring. a. Case control research b. Focus group research c. Cohort research d. Outcome research 4.

Different web address (domain) suffixes indicate who is responsible for creating a website. A web address sponsored by an educational institution would have which suffix? a. .com b. .edu c. .org d. .gov 5.

Quantitative data collection tools or instruments generate numerical data rather than text-based data. Examples of these types of tools include: a. questionnaires. b. interviews, email interviews, and surveys, including web-based surveys. c. quizzes and assessments. d. All of these are correct.

6.

Which of the following is a professional database? a. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Powered by Cognero

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b. MEDLINE c. MEDLINE and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) d. None of these is correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

7.

True or False? A key benefit of using electronic data collection is the ability to transmit data to another computer directly for compilation and analysis, thereby cutting down on the risk of error. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? Big data is a field that deals with ways to examine, analyze, and systematically extract data and information from data sets that are too large or complex to be processed using conventional data-processing application software. The ability to research these data using advanced data analytics to find better answers is changing the healthcare landscape and how we care for our patients. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? Information literacy initiates, sustains, and extends lifelong learning through abilities that may use technologies but are ultimately independent of them. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Nurses may generate and record data from their own observations or with the assistance of various devices. Free text (informational data, such as drug dosages administered, resources used, and problems diagnosed) is recorded electronically. Free text is then interpreted and organized by some standardizing principle, either manually or by computer. In this way, data (often qualitative data that cannot be traditionally measured in a numeric sense) can be organized and processed. A central issue to the generation and analysis of free text data is the lack of a generally accepted set of terminology to capture nursing data. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Qualitative data focus on numbers and frequencies, with the goal of describing a situation or looking for more robust relationships such as correlations and specific variable contributions to an outcome.

This aim stands in contrast to quantitative analysis, which focuses on experiences and meaning. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? The Foundation of Knowledge Model suggests that the most important aspect of information discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and rethink the way they understand and use what they know and have learned.

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a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. c 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. False 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A new nurse is documenting in a patient's electronic health record when a visitor approaches the nurse to ask questions. What should the nurse do to ensure the confidentiality and security of the patient's electronic health record? a. Close the electronic health record immediately. b. Take the visitor to the nurse's station for assistance. c. Continue documenting the record and answer the visitor's questions. d. None of these is correct.

2.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results in the electronic health record that indicate a reduction in kidney function. The patient has a history of hypertension and kidney failure. The nurse demonstrates wisdom by: a. reporting the laboratory findings to the physician immediately. b. documenting the blood pressure and lab data in the patient's chart. c. calling the laboratory to verify results. d. evaluating the patient's blood pressure 4 hours later.

3.

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about clinical information systems. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Clinical information systems are used to collect patient data at the point of care.” b. “Clinical information systems are used to document reimbursement and patient financial data.” c. “Clinical information systems provide information on patient results from the laboratory and radiology.” d. “Clinical information systems are used only by information systems staff and not in the clinical setting.”

4.

A patient is concerned that the medical insurance company will receive personal health information about the patient. The nurse reassures the patient that insurance companies receive information that is related to which of the following? a. Treatment and payment for treatment b. The patient's preexisting medical conditions c. The patient's family history d. The patient's current medical conditions 5.

A physician handwrites a patient care order. To reduce misinterpretation of the order, which of the following should the nurse do? a. Request that the order be entered in the computerized physician order entry system. b. Read the order back to the physician. c. Enter the order into the electronic health record nursing documentation. d. Call the nursing supervisor for assistance.

6.

A(n) is a set of guidelines that outline the course of treatment and the recommended interventions that should be implemented to achieve optimal results.

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a. case overview b. outcomes planner c. care plan d. decision support alert 7.

All of the following are examples of explicit knowledge, except: a. knowledge disseminated publicly. b. a practice model or theory. c. manuals and product specifications. d. value-based knowledge.

8.

An ID badge is an example of authentication by: a. something the user knows. b. something the user has. c. something the user is. d. All of these are correct.

9.

An informatics nurse uses which theory when integrating a new technology? a. Change theory b. Adaptation theory c. Goal attainment theory d. Collaboration theory 10.

An intentional departure from the accepted standard of care is called: a. autonomy. b. wisdom based on experience. c. negligence. d. All of these are correct.

11.

Computer hardware components may be damaged by: a. food and drinks. b. static charges. c. dropping or jarring hardware. d. All of these are correct.

12.

Computer technology has ushered in what has been called the “information age,” an age when: a. data, information, and knowledge are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history. b. data and information are both accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history.

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c. knowledge is accessible and able to be manipulated by more people than ever before in history. d. None of these is correct.

13.

Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate: a. information processing. b. use of resources. c. human mental workload. d. None of these is correct.

14.

Data integrity can be compromised through which of the following? a. Cleaning dirty data b. Human error or hackers c. Transmission errors d. Human error or hackers and transmission errors 15.

Distributed ledger technology offers some advantages over traditional databases for health care. A distributed ledger is also known as a: a. semantic ledger. b. blockchain. c. cloud algorithm. d. sophisticated processor.

16.

Experts in computer science strive to understand how the mind processes: a. data and information. b. knowledge. c. sensory input. d. None of these is correct.

17.

Formal usability: a. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. b. detects problems early in the design process. c. is the least expensive method. d. None of these is correct.

18.

Goals of an admissions, discharge, and transfer (ADT) system include all of the following, except: a. improve communication across care providers. b. improve chronic care patient management. c. assist with staffing decisions. d. reduce unnecessary hospital utilization.

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19.

How would you best describe the throughput or processing components of computers? a. Any software can be used to process information no matter what applications are available on the specific computer. b. The mouse gets all of the user's attention because it must be manipulated. c. Input devices and the computer monitor are examples of visible throughput components. d. None of these is correct.

20.

In a workflow redesign effort, one should naturally engage process owners. What is a process owner? a. Nursing leadership for the designated area where the redesign will take place b. IT leadership responsible for the technology solution c. Persons who directly engage in the workflow to be analyzed and redesigned d. All of these are correct.

21.

In which of the following roles does the informatics nurse specialist develop and implement materials and sessions and provide training about the system to new or current employees during a system implementation or an upgrade? a. Product developer b. Consultant c. Educator d. Researcher 22.

Information should be useful for a range of purposes, a concept conveyed by the term: a. accessibility. b. reusability. c. ubiquity. d. longevity.

23.

Object-oriented systems development (OOSD) uses object-oriented modeling to represent realobjects. a. institutional b. world c. systems d. user 24.

The bioethical standard of fidelity emphasizes: a. confidentiality. b. privacy. c. truthfulness. d. adhering to promises.

25.

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The main goal of any ethical decision is to: a. promote professionalism. b. generate knowledge. c. reach a rational, justifiable decision. d. promote trust.

26.

The prevalence of healthcare-associated infections demonstrates how the

can address quality issues.

a. local database b. paper-based chart c. electronic health record d. All of these are correct.

27.

The role of an information security officer at a healthcare facility involves which of the following? a. Handling patient complaints about privacy and confidentiality b. Providing staff education about privacy c. Conducting regular audits on privacy and compliance with national laws d. All of these are correct.

28.

Videoconferencing technology: a. is easy to use. b. allows professionals to communicate more effectively and frequently with at-home patients. c. must be used for telehealth. d. None of these is correct.

29.

What is a non–value-added activity? a. One that ultimately brings the process closer to completion or changes the product or service for the better b. Steps in a process that are necessary for regulatory or compliance reasons but do not bring the process closer to completion or change the product or service for the better c. An activity that enhances the process and moves it closer to completion or changes the product or service for the better d. None of these is correct.

30.

What term focuses on the look and feel as well as verifying the data that are required or essential? a. Feasibility b. Analysis c. Design d. Testing 31.

When a nurse completes a series of informatics education courses sponsored by a university, they are said to have earned: Powered by Cognero

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a. certification in nursing informatics. b. a degree in systems analysis. c. a certificate in nursing informatics. d. None of these is correct.

32.

When a nurse uses information from other sources to help rethink, revise, and apply knowledge to a clinical situation, this is known as: a. feedback. b. knowledge processing. c. knowledge engineering. d. None of these is correct.

33.

Which of the following can be described as discrete entities that are interpreted, organized, or structured? a. Data b. Information c. Knowledge d. Wisdom 34.

Which of the following nursing professionals gathers data to draw and synthesize conclusions? a. Beginning nurse b. Experienced nurse c. Informatics nurse specialist d. Informatics innovator 35.

Which of the following nursing professionals uses critical thinking, process skills, data management skills, systems life cycle development, and computer skills? a. Beginning nurse b. Experienced nurse c. Informatics nurse specialist d. Informatics innovator 36.

Wisdom and knowledge differ in that: a. wisdom is dependent on the thoughts of others. b. wisdom is the synthesis of experience, insight, and reflection. c. wisdom is the result of data collection and interpretation. d. None of these is correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

37.

True or False? All applications on a mobile device are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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a. True b. False 38.

True or False? An interprofessional team is a collection of professionals (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, nutritionists, etc.) who work together to deliver patient care and improve outcomes. a. True b. False 39.

True or False? Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. a. True b. False 40.

True or False? Case management practice primarily occurs in hospitals where case managers primarily focus on utilization review and discharge planning. a. True b. False 41.

True or False? Computer hardware refers to the actual physical body of the computer and its components. a. True b. False 42.

True or False? Currently, nurses cannot accurately capture multifaceted data and information. a. True b. False 43.

True or False? Data are raw facts. a. True b. False 44.

True or False? During beta testing, users put the new system through its paces to make sure that it does what they need it to do to perform their jobs. a. True b. False 45.

True or False? Every nurse must commit to lifelong learning and the use of knowledge in practice in order to be successful. a. True b. False Powered by Cognero

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46.

True or False? If an employee wants to work on patient information at home, typically they can download information onto a flash drive from the network. a. True b. False 47.

True or False? In 2004, a group of nurses came together after attending a national informatics conference to ensure that nursing was equally recognized in the national informatics movement. This so-called Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) team determined that using informatics was a core competency for all healthcare workers. a. True b. False 48.

True or False? In a learning health system, user interfaces can and should be different depending on the user; however, the format in which electronic health information is shared between health IT systems must be consistent and machine readable. a. True b. False 49.

True or False? Information science and computational tools are of little value in enabling the processing of data, information, and knowledge in health care. a. True b. False 50.

True or False? It is always safe to open an email attachment from a known sender. a. True b. False 51.

True or False? Knowledge brokers know where to find information and knowledge and are primarily responsible for generating new knowledge. a. True b. False 52.

True or False? Little can be learned from cognitive engineering about how to make interfaces more compatible with their human users and the context of care. a. True b. False 53.

True or False? Principles of nonmaleficence are related to direct contacts with patients and do not apply to information published on health websites.

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a. True b. False 54.

True or False? Protected health information relates to handwritten or verbal information only. a. True b. False 55.

True or False? Some human–technology interfaces mimic face-to-face human encounters. a. True b. False 56.

True or False? The HIPAA privacy requirements, which went into effect on April 14, 2003, limited the release of protected health information without the patient's knowledge and consent. a. True b. False 57.

True or False? The HITECH Act did not provide significant monetary incentives for providers who engaged in meaningful use of health information technology. a. True b. False 58.

True or False? The same technology that powers video games is being used to create dynamic educational interfaces to help students learn about pathophysiology, care guidelines, and a host of other topics. a. True b. False 59.

True or False? The term workflow is sometimes used interchangeably with process or process flows, particularly in the context of implementations. a. True b. False 60.

True or False? When we think about artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and the Artificial Intelligence of Things, it is evident that we continue to nurture the development of the intellectual properties of the devices we use. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. d 8. b 9. a 10. c 11. d 12. a 13. c 14. d 15. b 16. a 17. d 18. c 19. c 20. c 21. c 22. b 23. b 24. d 25. c 26. c Powered by Cognero

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27. d 28. b 29. b 30. c 31. c 32. a 33. b 34. b 35. c 36. b 37. False 38. True 39. True 40. False 41. True 42. False 43. True 44. True 45. True 46. False 47. True 48. True 49. False 50. False 51. False 52. False Powered by Cognero

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53. False 54. False 55. True 56. True 57. False 58. True 59. True 60. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A healthcare organization has committed to a culture of safety. Which of the following is a strategy to encourage adoption of a culture of safety? a. Collaboration between leadership and staff on patient safety initiatives b. Systemwide safety teams of administrators c. Leadership safety directives d. Individual accountability for development of safety plans 2.

A nurse administrator is reviewing data from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) on patient safety and develops a database for medical errors and near misses in the healthcare facility. This database addresses which gap that was recognized by the GAO? a. A lack of valid and accurate measurement of how frequently certain adverse events occur b. A gap in the available information on the experience of hospitals that have previously used specific patient safety implementation strategies c. A deficit in the information about the effect of contextual factors on implementation of patient safety practices d. A lack of organizational leadership and collaboration in support of patient safety 3.

A nurse would read research on safety initiatives and review initiatives from which agency? a. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality b. Food and Drug Administration c. Medical Product Safety Network d. The Joint Commission 4.

A patient is allergic to penicillin. A trigger in the electronic health record will alarm after which of the following occurs? a. A physician enters a medication order for penicillin. b. A nurse reviews the documentation on the patient's allergies in the electronic health record. c. A nurse enters data into the patient's medical history. d. A pharmacist reviews the patient's demographic information.

5.

A staff nurse consistently exhibits disregard for established policies and procedures in an organization where there is just culture. Which statement by the nurse manager is correct about a just culture? a. “Reckless behaviors like ignoring policies and procedures will not be tolerated.” b. “A just culture involves error reporting, not individual behaviors.” c. “Personal accountability is not part of just culture.” d. “Workflow, including procedures and policies, can be changed for individual nurses.”

6.

Characteristics of information that contribute to information chaos include: a. information overload or underload. b. information scatter.

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c. erroneous or conflicting information. d. All of these are correct.

7.

In addition to organizational commitment of resources to address safety concerns, which of the following is a key feature of a safety culture as identified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality? a. Acknowledgment of the high-risk nature of an organization's activities and the determination to achieve consistently safe operations b. A blame-free environment where individuals are able to report errors or near misses without fear of reprimand or punishment c. Encouragement of collaboration across ranks and disciplines to seek solutions to patient safety problems d. All of these are correct.

8.

Integrating technology into the medication administration cycle helps to reduce errors by: a. performing electronic checks against a database of safe medication administration parameters and providing alerts. b. reducing the workload and increasing the efficiency of clinicians. c. employing human factors engineering principles to streamline workflow processes. d. All of these are correct.

9.

Multiple false alarms may lead to alarm fatigue and compromise patient safety by slow response or no response to physiologic alarms. Strategies to improve alarm response include: a. increasing the sensitivity of the physiologic monitors and feeding alarms directly to beepers or phones carried by professionals. b. feeding alarm data into a reporting database for further analysis. c. discouraging healthcare professionals from rounding with physicians because they are often guilty of ignoring alarms. d. All of these are correct.

10.

The cornerstones of safety as identified by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's white paper include all of the following, except: a. appointing an organizational safety officer. b. paying attention to organizational culture. c. establishing a learning system. d. emphasizing patient engagement.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? A smart pump infusion system that employs EHR bidirectional interoperability automatically preprograms the infusion pump and records infusion parameters. a. True b. False

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12.

True or False? Automated medication dispensing devices promote patient safety through access security, safety, supply chain, and charge functions. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Many organizations are looking to informatics technology to help manage complex safety issues by using smart technologies that provide knowledge access to users, provide automated safety checks, and improve communication processes. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? Nurses have an ethical duty to ensure patient safety. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Patient identification, staff communication, and use of alarms are part of the Hospital National Patient Safety Goals. a. True b. False 16.

True or False? The informaticist can facilitate interprofessional collaboration to improve patient care by enhancing the capability for sharing data and information in both synchronous and asynchronous formats. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. d 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. True 15. True 16. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and ordered or structured manner is known as: a. principlism. b. case-based ethics. c. casuistry. d. ethical decision-making.

2.

In ethics theory, autonomy means: a. personal responsibility. b. acting alone. c. freedom from controlling interferences. d. All of these are correct.

3.

In ethics theory, nonmaleficence means: a. the obligation not to inflict harm intentionally. b. poor productivity or inefficiency. c. embracing cultural diversity. d. None of these is correct.

4.

Microblogging occurs: a. in a wiki. b. in a tweet. c. on Instagram. d. via Skype.

5.

New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise issues related to: a. comprehensiveness of care. b. the digital divide. c. justice and fidelity. d. privacy and confidentiality.

6.

Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on: a. bringing about human benefit. b. normative approaches to ethics. c. examining moral life. d. understanding right or good action.

7.

The use of social media has increased dramatically in recent years among: Powered by Cognero

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a. virtually all groups. b. only the young. c. mainly the elderly. d. different groups in different regions of the country.

8.

When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites, they: a. are essentially practicing medicine. b. expect people to follow the advice. c. are responsible for actions that people take as a result. d. must adhere to responsible information standards.

9.

Which of the following is not true about social media? a. Social media represents an instantaneous form of communication. b. Social media promotes professional collegiality. c. Social media posts may influence perceptions of professional image. d. Social media posts are easily deleted by the person wo initiated the post.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

10.

True or False? A security breach is considered discovered as soon as an employee other than the individual who committed the breach knows or should have known of the breach, such as unauthorized access or even an unsuccessful attempt to access information. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving; however, some companies who cannot navigate the complexities of AI are unethical and employ human impostors who fake AI by pretending to be the machines assigned to do the work of the humans. This pseudo AI undermines the entire premise of AI. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Morals are widely shared social conventions about right and wrong human conduct. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. d 10. True 11. True 12. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse researcher is reviewing the results of a telehealth study. Which of the following would be considered a clinical outcome of the study? a. Patient and family satisfaction b. Demographics of the patient sample c. Raw data results d. Enrollment criteria 2.

A patient asks a telenurse about the efficiency of telenursing. Which of the following is the appropriate response by the nurse? a. “Telenursing reduces the need to have face-to-face interactions, which improves efficiency of care.” b. “Telenursing reduces the amount of care required, which enables better use of nursing time.” c. “Telenursing increases non–care-related tasks, so telenursing care must then be efficient.” d. “Telenursing is not very efficient because telenurses have more documentation to complete.”

3.

A patient with the comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, and fibromyalgia lives in a home in a rural area. A telenurse remotely monitors the patient's objective data, which would include: a. vital signs and blood glucose results. b. complaints of shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and shakiness. c. a 24-hour nutritional log. d. pain scores.

4.

A telenurse reviews a patient's blood sugar level and phones the patient to instruct them on a change in the dose of insulin. This process is known as which of the following? a. Knowledge dissemination b. Knowledge generation c. Knowledge processing d. Knowledge gathering 5.

An advanced practice nurse is providing telehealth care for patients who are incarcerated. The nurse understands which of the following? a. Telehealth provides cost-effective care and supports public safety. b. Telehealth is used for this patient population because public safety outweighs quality of patient care. c. Patients have increased options of appointment times when telehealth is delivered in this manner. d. Patients prefer telehealth when they are incarcerated because they do not have to leave the facility.

6.

An elderly patient who lives alone is homebound and receives telehealth services. The telenurse has discovered that the patient often forgets to turn off appliances after use. Which of the following telehealth tools would the nurse recommend? a. A sensor and activity-monitoring system Powered by Cognero

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b. A personal emergency response system c. A medication management device d. A central station 7.

Expansion of telehealth can impact the impending shortage of nurses in which of the following ways? a. Improving job retention and job satisfaction b. Improving patient satisfaction c. Improving access to healthcare services for patients d. Increasing interdisciplinary collaboration 8.

In home telehealth care, which of the following would not be considered a home location? a. Nursing home b. Assisted living facility c. Hotel room d. Hospice facility 9.

The use of teletechnology allows the telenurse to: a. evaluate a patient's status. b. use data to make decisions to better manage patients' health conditions. c. monitor a patient's vital signs. d. All of these are correct.

10.

Transmitting radiologic images to specialists is called: a. telemedicine. b. teleradiology. c. telepathology. d. telenursing.

11.

Which of the following is an example of telemonitoring? a. Monitoring patient parameters during home-based nocturnal dialysis b. Cardiac and multiparameter monitoring of remote intensive care units c. Daily home telemonitoring of vital signs by patients d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

12.

True or False? A clinical use for telehealth technologies is providing disease prevention and promotion of good health. Examples include telephonic or smartphone app case management and patient education provided through asthma and weight management programs conducted in public schools. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 13.

True or False? As a clinical field, telenursing is part of telehealth and has many points of contact with other medical and nonmedical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? Nurses using telehealth have much greater access to their patients' conditions and needs and are able to respond in a more timely way than is possible using only face-to-face visits. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Patients who have a predisposition to disease are at increased risk of medical problems associated with employment, lifestyle, or location, and those patients who have displayed early signs of potentially serious health problems could be placed on preventive monitoring. In such cases, telehealth could benefit these patients because monitoring could ensure that interventions are timely and acute incidents are avoided. a. True b. False 16.

True or False? The demand for telehealth visits and virtual consultations increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as a way of reducing exposure to the virus. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. b 11. d 12. True 13. True 14. True 15. True 16. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A critical care nurse is considering how the nursing care guidelines and policies could be modified to better respond to a patient's complex care needs. This is an example of which of the following? a. Reflective practice b. Caring between c. Centering d. Patient-centered care 2.

A nurse is performing nursing interventions effectively but is inattentive and does not respond to the patient's questions or concerns. The nurse is which of the following? a. Physically present b. Transcendent c. Fully present d. Partially present 3.

A nurse is providing nursing care that is patient-centered, which will enhance which of the following? a. The nurse's understanding of the implications of their actions b. The nurse's use of technologies and innovations c. The healthcare organization's application of nursing theory d. The healthcare organization's use of patient data 4.

A nurse is sitting at the same level as the patient, listening attentively, and nodding appropriately. These actions demonstrate: a. active listening. b. physical presence. c. full presence. d. transcendence.

5.

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about the art of nursing. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Artful nursing can improve mental and physical well-being among patients.” b. “Artful nursing does not have a direct impact on patient care.” c. “Artful nursing seeks to enhance the relationships between nurses.” d. “Artful nursing can be practiced only by expert nurses.”

6.

A nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team in a healthcare organization and identifies which of the following as essential for practice improvement? a. Ethical sensitivity b. Coordination of ancillary services c. Proper utilization of resources Powered by Cognero

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d. Data collection and analysis 7.

All of the following are advantages of technology-mediated care, except: a. smart pump technology that provides maximum dose safeguards. b. effective use of technology that helps to improve clinical workflow. c. clinical decision support system technology that reminds clinicians of critical interventions that have not yet been implemented. d. assessment technology that provides a complete and objective picture of the patient experience.

8.

When a nurse is largely competent in carrying out care, efficient with interventions, but inattentive to communication and nonverbal cues projected by patients and families, we say the professional is: a. fully present. b. demonstrating transcendent presence. c. physically present. d. All of these are correct.

9.

Which of the following terms refers to a nurse taking a few calming breaths, clearing their mind of clutter, and silently saying the patient's name a time or two before beginning the patient encounter? a. Centering b. Cognitive focus c. Psychological being d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

10.

True or False? Caring interventions performed by humanoid nurse robots (HNRs) are nurse-directed. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? In deep transpersonal caring, both the caregiver and the care recipient may experience healing. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Nurses who take care of their own health are more likely to be effective in patient and family care. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Reflective journaling is critical for students, but not necessary for working nurses. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 14.

True or False? Some professionals have difficulty finding a balance between caring enough and caring too much. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? The art of nursing is the expert use and adaptation of empirical and scientific knowledge. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. False 14. True 15. False

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

is an estimation of how much exposure to a potential hazard would cause varying degrees of health effects. a. Hazard identification b. Exposure assessment c. Dose–response assessment d. Risk characterization 2.

A nurse in a local public health department would identify health problems and priorities by monitoring which of the following? a. The health of communities and populations at risk b. National public health funding opportunities c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines d. Data on recent acute care inpatient admissions 3.

A nurse is explaining public health informatics to a nursing student. Which of the following statements by the nurse is correct? a. “Public health informatics is the use of information and information technology to improve public health practice and outcomes.” b. “Public health informatics is the use of nursing informatics in public health for disease management.” c. “Public health informatics helps identify the policies, standards, and guidelines for public health administrators.” d. “Public health informatics is used as a database for nursing research priorities in the public sector.”

4.

A nurse is explaining the use of public health informatics to a nursing student. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Public health informatics can help to provide adequate disease surveillance.” b. “Public health informatics initiates the timely investigation of infectious diseases.” c. “Public health informatics prioritizes the adoption of nursing terminology standardization.” d. “Public health informatics is used for documentation of disease outbreaks only.”

5.

A nurse is performing a risk assessment in a community. Which of the following is the first step of the risk assessment? a. Hazard identification b. Exposure assessment c. Dose–response assessment d. Risk characterization 6.

A public health nurse is assessing the risk of a hazardous material causing illness in a community. This effort is known as which of the following?

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a. Risk characterization b. Exposure assessment c. Hazard identification d. Dose–response assessment 7.

A public health nurse is performing a community risk assessment. The goal of this assessment is which of the following? a. To reduce risk and improve health b. To decrease environmental health threats c. To monitor the impact of prevention programs d. To collect data on public health risks 8.

Epidemiology involves: a. identifying things that come upon the people. b. incidence, prevalence, and control of disease. c. case finding. d. All of these are correct.

9.

Public health essential services, as defined by the CDC, include all of the following, except: a. monitoring population health status to identify and solve community health problems. b. diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community. c. informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues. d. evaluating public health webpages for information quality.

10.

There is a suspected outbreak of influenza at a local elementary school. What data would the public health nurse collect first? a. Identification of absences from the school related to illness b. Reports of increased purchases of analgesics at the local pharmacy c. Increase of laboratory test orders d. Number of visits to local healthcare providers

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

11.

True or False? Hazard identification seeks to determine the types of health problems that could be caused by exposure to materials that have been identified as causing potential health problems. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Integrating population health data into the EHR will allow for population health alerts to be sent to clinicians as part of an early warning system. a. True Powered by Cognero

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b. False 13.

True or False? Public health data include data related to surveillance, environmental health, and preparedness systems. a. True b. False 14.

True or False? Risk factor assessments are not able to provide quantitative measures of the impact of a hazard or adjusted risk scores calculated based on the relative impact in a subpopulation. a. True b. False 15.

True or False? Semantic interoperability is not necessary for public health data exchange. a. True b. False 16.

True or False? The availability of information technology today challenges all stakeholders in the health of the public to adopt new systems that can provide adequate disease surveillance; it also challenges people to improve outmoded processes. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. d 10. a 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False 16. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

A nurse is documenting in a new complex electronic health record system and duplicates patient data. This duplication often occurs due to which of the following? a. Clinical technology solutions are implemented poorly. b. Stakeholders are uninterested in clinical technology solutions. c. Healthcare providers are not educated on clinical technology solutions. d. There is no management support for clinical technology solutions.

2.

A nurse replaces a new patient's wristband after the first was misplaced. This action by the nurse is which of the following? a. A value-added action b. A non–value-added action c. Waste d. Overproduction 3.

A problem has been identified, and data on the performance of a process are collected at the beginning of the process. These data are known as which of the following? a. Process metrics b. Current state metrics c. System metrics d. Employee metrics 4.

An informatics nurse is developing an integration plan of a new electronic health record and anticipates a workflow redesign. Which of the following will the informatics nurse develop first? a. Change management plan b. Workflow analysis c. Clinical transformation d. Workflow evaluation 5.

An informatics nurse is performing a workflow analysis, which is a necessity for which of the following? a. Safe patient care b. Nursing satisfaction c. Patient satisfaction d. Financial well-being 6.

An informatics nurse is tracking and assessing decision making through a clinical course of care, which will do what? a. Improve patient care b. Reduce medical errors c. Enhance collaboration between providers Powered by Cognero

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d. Contribute to research databases 7.

The American Association for Justice suggests that to improve care delivery and minimize error, the most important tool to employ is: a. electronic records and information systems to provide point-of-care decision support and automation. b. medication administration methodologies that provide care decision support and automation at the point of care. c. bar coding for patient care activities to provide access to information and automation at the point of care. d. computer systems that track activities at the point-of-care automation.

8.

When selecting a QI project, the nurse informaticist should consider: a. performance gaps. b. staff input or likely resistance. c. the fit with the organization strategic plan. d. All of these are correct.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

9.

True or False? Developing a process for sustainability and spread is a key component of a QI project. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? Examining the workflow surrounding the use of technology enables better use of the technology and more efficient work. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? Informatics nurses are significant resources in a project team, influencing adoption and change management. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? Nurses must be involved in “meaningful” data collection and reporting. a. True b. False 13.

True or False? Some analysis and redesign efforts may occur weeks, months, or even years following the implementation of technology. a. True b. False Powered by Cognero

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14.

True or False? Technology should not be implemented for the sake of automation unless it promises to deliver gains in patient outcomes and proper workflow. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True 13. True 14. True

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Essentially, a computer is: a. an input–output system. b. an electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information. c. a machine that accepts data inputted via a variety of devices, processes data through logical and arithmetic rendering, stores the data in memory components, and outputs data and information to the user. d. All of these are correct.

2.

The term that refers to the ability of the OS to be moved from one hardware architecture to another with few changes is: a. security. b. compatibility. c. extensibility. d. portability.

3.

Which of the following is the term for the measurement in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes of the data that can transfer from or to your computer? a. Broadband b. Internet traffic c. Bandwidth d. Connection speed 4.

Which of the following terms refers to the second most commonly used input device, which is manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer screen? a. Mouse b. Printer c. Monitor d. Keyboard 5.

Which of the following terms refers to using layered architecture with a protected executive layer that allows additional environment subsystems to be added without affecting the executive layer? a. Security b. Compatibility c. Extensibility d. Portability

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

6.

True or False? Cache memory is extremely quick memory that holds whatever data and code are being used at any one time.

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a. True b. False 7.

True or False? Computer science offers extremely valuable tools that, if used skillfully, can facilitate the acquisition and manipulation of data and information by professionals, who can then synthesize these into an evolving knowledge and wisdom base. a. True b. False 8.

True or False? Computers can be linked to other computers through networking software and hardware to promote communication, information exchange, work sharing, and collaboration. a. True b. False 9.

True or False? The difference between mobile and wireless broadband depends on the limitations to access the Internet and the access method. a. True b. False 10.

True or False? The size of the power supply should be chosen based on the amount of devices and programs being used on the computer. a. True b. False 11.

True or False? The sound card converts digital data into an analog signal that is then output to the computer's speakers or headphones. The reverse is also accomplished by inputting a signal from a microphone or other audio recording equipment, which then converts the analog signal to a digital signal. a. True b. False 12.

True or False? The term “plug and play” refers to peripheral computer add-ons, such as an iPod or game console, that can be simply plugged into a serial or other port and instantly used. a. True b. False

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Answer Key 1. d 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True 11. True 12. True

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