Chapter 1: Nonverbal Communication Origins Multiple Choice 1. Jessica’s best friend forgot her birthday. She wants to share how disappointed she feels but doesn’t want to start a fight, so she is struggling to choose the best words. Before she can send her message, Jessica needs to complete the process of . A. encoding B. decoding C. modeling D. receiving Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 2. While Kyle is listening to his friend Pete talk about his recent mountain biking adventure, he becomes distracted by a new text message on his phone. Kyle’s shift in attention has interrupted the process of his friend’s message. A. sending B. modeling C. encoding D. decoding Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 3. Which of the following is the means by which a message is conveyed from one person to another? A. context B. sender C. channel D. semantic noise Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy
4. When he’s at home, Benjamin continuously monitors his favorite social media platform on his smartphone. When he attends classes on his college campus, Benjamin changes his behavior and puts his phone away. He is adapting to the . A. channel B. sender C. noise D. context Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Which of the following is a form of physical noise? A. anxiety or worry B. the whir of a ceiling fan C. the main points of a professor’s lecture D. mental fatigue Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 6. Miles skipped breakfast this morning. Now he is hungry and having trouble listening to his professor giving instructions for a major class project. Miles is experiencing noise. A. physical B. psychological C. physiological D. semantic Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 7. The first day at a new job, Caitlin’s supervisor gives her instructions about a task using a word she has never heard before. Caitlin is confused about what to do because her supervisor’s message includes noise. A. physical B. psychological C. physiological D. semantic Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Unlike physical noise, semantic noise . A. is part of the message which needs to be decoded B. only happens on rare occasions C. only happens in English-speaking countries D. is determined solely by the sender Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Hard 9. On the way to attend class, Juan notices an unfamiliar rattling sound in his car’s engine. Once in class, Juan spends his time worrying whether he will be able to drive home and finds it difficult to listen. Juan is experiencing noise. A. physical B. psychological C. physiological D. semantic Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 10. noise is often present in the words that bullies choose to demean and intimidate other people. A. Physical B. Psychological C. Physiological D. Semantic Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 11. One-way messaging is also called A. transactional B. unidirectional C. omnidirectional D. interactive Ans: B
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Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Transactional Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 12. One of the main differences between the linear model and the transactional model of communication is . A. the linear model includes only senders while the transactional model includes both senders and receivers B. the linear model focuses primarily on noise while the transactional model primarily focuses on feedback C. linear model messages travel from sender to receiver while transactional model messages go back and forth simultaneously D. linear model feedback is verbal while transactional model feedback is both verbal and nonverbal Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Transactional Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Hard 13. Josh and Erin are both fine art majors who sit next to each other in their Drawing I class. When Josh asks Erin if she is free after class to go to the cafeteria for lunch, Erin nods and smiles. Erin is . A. sending Josh feedback B. responding to feedback Josh is sending C. creating semantic noise D. creating physical noise Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Transactional Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Hard 14. Gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice and eye contact are considered nonverbal because they . A. can convey authentic feelings B. can convey contradictory meanings C. do not require encoding to convey meaning D. do not use language to convey meaning Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Defining Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Which of the following is an example of unintentional nonverbal communication? A. covering your mouth when you cough in pubic B. laughing at a friend’s joke so they will feel appreciated C. yawning when you’re bored with a conversation D. shaking hands when you first meet someone Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Defining Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 16. Which of the following is an example of intentional nonverbal communication? A. squinting when the sun is in your eyes B. giving a thumbs up signal to a friend’s choice C. using “ums” and “likes” in a conversation D. losing your voice when you have laryngitis Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Defining Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Why do communication scholars say that nonverbal communication has “primacy?” A. Nonverbal messages need to have verbal messages to be complete. B. Nonverbal messages are the first ones we pay attention to. C. Verbal messages require more education to understand than nonverbal messages. D. Nonverbal messages contain more important information than verbal messages. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Medium 18. The theory that our prehistoric ancestors communicated first using nonverbal gestures is referred to as primacy. A. phylogenetic B. ontogenetic C. interactional D. transactional Ans: A Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Easy 19. Which of the following is an example of ontogenetic primacy?
A. Young adults holding hands in the early stages of a romantic relationship. B. A baby waking up in the middle of the night and crying for his parents’ attention. C. A police officer at a detour gesturing with his arms to redirect traffic. D. A school-age child holding their stomach while complaining of not feeling well. Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Medium 20. When Ali meets Jamie at a friend’s party, he immediately notices that she is about the same height and has similar facial features as his old girlfriend. That relationship did not end well. For the rest of the night Ali avoids Jamie, demonstrating the impact of primacy. A. phylogenetic B. ontogenetic C. interactional D. transactional Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Medium 21. In contrast to phylogenetic and ontogenetic primacy, understanding the role of interactional primacy in everyday communication requires . A. knowledge of human evolution B. awareness of our first impressions C. recalling preverbal childhood memory D. the ability to encode messages Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Hard 22. Jacques hasn’t seen his childhood friend Bill for several years. When they run into each other at a sporting event, Jacques notices Bill has buzz cut his hair and wonders if he has joined the military. Which sense is Jacques using to receive this nonverbal message? A. hearing B. touching C. seeing D. smelling Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging.
Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Lily is in the habit of giving her best friend Jenna a hug whenever they meet. Today, when Lily reaches out to Jenna, Jenna stiffens up and pulls slightly away. Lily notices and wonders if Jenna is upset with her. Which sense is Lily using to receive this nonverbal message? A. hearing B. touching C. seeing D. smelling Ans: B Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Medium 24. Whenever Cynthia sends a text message she likes to sign off with one of her favorite emoticons. Although Cynthia might not be aware of it, her typed message includes . A. physical noise B. unnecessary drama C. nonverbal communication D. ontogenetic primacy Ans: C Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Medium 25. What does “channel reliance” refer to? A. the breadth of your digital bandwidth B. the tendency to return to the same social media platform C. the tendency to focus on nonverbal messages instead of verbal messages D. the tendency to rely on specific channels for specific types of messages Ans: D Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Channel Reliance Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False 1. The linear model of communication focuses on the one-way transmission of a verbal or nonverbal message to another person or persons.
Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 2. In the linear model of communication, the sender converts his or her thoughts into a specific message that he or she hopes an audience will understand through a process called “decoding.” Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 3. The linear model of communication only allows for the message to be sent along one channel. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 4. Context refers to the communication setting where the message takes place, including the physical location, the time, and the social situation. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 5. Psychological noise refers to a receiver’s physical state, such as hunger or sleepiness, which might interrupt his or her ability to decode a message. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Barriers to communication due to specific words or pronunciations are known as “semantic noise.” Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy
7. In the transactional model of communication, feedback occurs only through nonverbal responses that someone gives in reaction to a message they have received. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Transactional Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 8. Unidirectional messaging refers to messages and feedback sent and received simultaneously throughout most communication interactions. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Transactional Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Easy 9. Because nonverbal communication can be both intentional and unintentional, what we don’t say nonverbally doesn’t matter. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Defining Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Medium 10. Sign languages, such as American Sign Language (ASL), are considered verbal communication because each sign has a direct verbal meaning attached to the sign, one that is codified and made formal. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Why Isn’t ASL Considered Nonverbal? Difficulty Level: Easy 11. The idea that nonverbal communication came before spoken, verbal language over the course of our species’ evolution is known as “phylogenetic primacy.” Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Easy 12. The idea that nonverbal communication comes before any other form of communication in each individual experience is known as interactional primacy. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Easy 13. Mediated communication channels include phone conversations, text messages, emails, television, film, and radio, as well as digital face-to-face communication on Skype or FaceTime. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Easy 14. Because they’re written in type, messages sent in the form of text messages, emails, emoticons, and emojis are not considered to be part of nonverbal communication. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Medium 15. Channel reliance refers to the reliability of any digital signal or platform. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay 1. Recall a recent conversation you had with a friend or family member. Designate yourself as the “sender” and write a summary of your conversation, identifying and explaining each of the following elements of Shannon and Weaver’s linear model of communication: sender, encoding, message, receiver, decoding, and channel. Ans: Summary of conversations will vary but need to include sender, encoding, receiver, decoding, and channel. For example a student might say, I (sender) sent my mother (receiver) a message about what I wanted her to pick up at the grocery store. First I thought about what I needed and then I shared my list: yogurt, bread, and bananas. I encoded my thoughts and shared my message. Then, my mother wrote down what I said. She decoded my message. The channels we used were hearing and visual. Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication
Difficulty Level: Hard 2. Imagine a hypothetical conversation you might have with a friend or family member in an informal context, such while eating dinner at home. Then, imagine having the same conversation in a formal context, such as at a restaurant with other tables nearby. How might the change in context affect the other elements of the conversation, including various forms of noise? Cite specific changes as they relate to the elements of Shannon and Weaver’s linear model of communication. Ans: Varies. The hypothetical example should reflect an understanding of how changes in context influence how a sender encodes a message. Answers should also reflect an understanding of how physical context can impact noise, especially physical, psychological, and physiological noise. For example, dining at home is informal, so we might let our guard down and share personal stories or get into interpersonal arguments. At home, the physical noise can be controlled, so it would probably not get in the way of receivers hearing and decoding the message. And physiological noise, such as room temperature and waiting to be served, is also likely to be less of a factor for both the sender and the receivers. But at home there may be more psychological noise caused by family dynamics and interpersonal conflict. In a restaurant, we’re apt to monitor the messages we send because we’re in a more formal public setting. We usually don’t share stories we don’t want other people to hear and tend to avoid public displays of conflict. For this reason, psychological noise tends to be reduced. In addition, in a restaurant physical and physiological noise tend to be increased because we have little or no control of physical background noise as well as environmental elements such as temperature and hunger that contribute to physiological noise. Learning Objective: 1-2: Compare models of communication. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Linear Model of Communication Difficulty Level: Hard 3. Give an example of a time when you sent an intentional nonverbal message, including a description of who you sent the message to, how you sent the message and how you knew that your message was successfully received by the other person. Ans: Varies and should include specific nonverbal gestures, facial expressions, and other forms of nonverbal symbols. Answers should also reflect understanding of how the receiver encodes nonverbal messages as well as how they convey feedback. For example, the student might say, when my friend was arriving at the airport, I had to stand outside of the arrival area but I could see her when she approached the exit and I began waving my right hand to get her attention and say “Hello.” I had a big smile on my face, so she knew nothing was wrong and that I was just happy to see her arrive safely. She returned my wave by raising her hand to her mouth and blowing me a kiss. Her nonverbal message was feedback that let me know that she received my nonverbal correctly. Learning Objective: 1-3: Define nonverbal communication. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Defining Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Hard
4. How might you apply what you’ve learned about the impact of interactional primacy to help you prepare and perform at a job interview? Give three examples and be specific. Ans: Answers should reflect an understanding of nonverbal expression and impression management and might include what they wear, handshaking, posture, facial expression, and so on. For example, a student might say interactional primacy means that the first impression the interviewer will have about me will come from the nonverbal messages I send. To be sure that I make the best first impression, I will dress professionally. I will also greet the interviewer with an authentic smile and, if they reach out to shake my hand, I will respond with confidence and firmly accept their handshake. I will sit with good posture and avoid nervous habits, like fidgeting in my seat or playing with my hair. I will also make strong eye contact. Learning Objective: 1-1: Explain types of nonverbal primacy. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Primacy Difficulty Level: Hard 5. When you need to deliver an important message through a mediated channel of communication, such as a phone call, text messages, or FaceTime, which channel do you prefer? Explain why you chose this mediated channel, including a description of the elements of nonverbal communication expressed through that channel and how those nonverbal elements affect how you encode and send your message. Ans: Answers should reflect variety of nonverbal communication elements including voice, facial expressions and other visual cues, and proxies for nonverbal communication such as emoticons. Answers should also include a cogent rationale for the student’s mediated channel preference. For example, the student might say, I frequently use text messages for my most important messages because I find it reduces my communication anxiety. I find it’s easier to gather my thoughts and encode my message when the person I’m sending the message to isn’t physically in the room waiting for me to say something. I like that I can send according to how I feel, using acronyms, phrases, and emoticons. For me, whole text is like nonverbal communication because I like how the letters, words, and emoticons look on the page--together they send a whole message that has more feelings than just my saying it out loud. Learning Objective: 1-4: Understand the impact of channel on messaging. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Channels Difficulty Level: Hard
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Chapter 2: Nonverbal Communication Features Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. The receiver-based perspective of communication suggests
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A. senders should only think about the receiver whenever they send a nonverbal message B. the role of the sender in a communication is less important than the role of the receiver C. even unintended behaviors can be perceived to have some communicative value D. only intentional behaviors should be perceived as having communicative value Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Ubiquitous Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Nonverbal messaging is “ubiquitous” which means it is
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A. unique B. everywhere C. isolated D. individualistic Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Ubiquitous Difficulty Level: Easy
Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
3. On most days after class, Zoe and Maya walk together to the cafeteria for a snack and to review the class assignment. Today, Zoe heads toward the cafeteria as usual, but Maya heads in the opposite direction. When Zoe realizes that Maya isn’t walking beside her, she stops short, turns toward her friend and yells, “Where are you going?” Maya stops, turns toward her friend, points at her watch, and yells, “I’m late for an appointment with my advisor!” In their messaging, Zoe and Maya both demonstrate the principle that nonverbal messages . A. often occur alongside verbal messages B. are more difficult to decode when they are conveyed with verbal messages C. convey more meaning than verbal messages D. convey less meaning verbal messages Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Functions in Many Ways Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Why is the relationship between nonverbal messaging and culture significant? A. There is a wide range of possible interpretations of facial expressions across cultures, demonstrating each culture’s uniqueness. B. There is a wide range of possible interpretations of gestures across cultures, demonstrating each culture’s uniqueness. C. In every culture people use more verbal messages than nonverbal messages, suggesting the importance of different languages. D. In every culture people use a variety of nonverbal behaviors to send messages, suggesting the universality of nonverbal messaging. Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Widely Used Difficulty Level: Hard
Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
5. When Milo offered to help Jamal study for their chemistry final exam, Jamal was grateful because he did poorly on his midterm whereas Milo breezed through. However, at the end of their first study session Milo reached out and gave Jamal an extended hug and Jamal wondered whether Milo wanted something more from their friendship. Milo’s hug caused Jamal to reassess their friendship because nonverbal messaging . A. usually reflects hidden intentions B. impacts meaning-making C. is ubiquitous D. is interactive Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Impacts Meaning-Making Difficulty Level: Hard
6. When a receiver is attempting to interpret nonverbal behaviors to decode a sender’s message, what effect do those nonverbal behaviors have on the sender’s meaning? A. They can either clarify or confuse the meaning. B. They can obscure the meaning. C. They have no effect when delivered through multiple channels. D. They have no effect when delivered by the sender through only one channel. Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Impacts Meaning-Making Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Chloe had been hinting to her mother for months that she wanted a new iPhone for her birthday. On the big day, she opened her present only to find a red leather purse. Chloe’s facial expression dropped immediately, reflecting her disappointment, but she
Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
forced a smile and said, “I love it.” However, her mother, influenced by convinced.
, was not
A. receiver-based perspective B. cultural bias C. interactional primacy D. multiple channels Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Has Primacy Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the application of the principle “nonverbal message is ambiguous” to everyday communication situations? A. Senders do not have to be concerned about the meaning of their nonverbal behaviors. B. Senders can use nonverbal behaviors to get a message across without being held accountable for verbal content. C. Receivers can encode verbal content with the support of nonverbal behaviors. D. Receivers are accountable to decide what nonverbal messages mean. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Ambiguous Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Sarcasm works effectively because the sender’s nonverbal messages sender’s verbal messages. A. take longer to deliver than B. require more skill to deliver than
the
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C. intentionally reinforce D. intentionally negate Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Accepted Difficulty Level: Medium
10. When nonverbal communication is in direct contradiction to verbal messages in the same interaction the . A. receiver tends to believe the messaging implied by the nonverbal message B. receiver tends to disregard both the nonverbal and verbal message C. sender is deliberately being deceptive D. sender lacks skill in encoding messages Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-1: List the main principles of nonverbal messaging. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Nonverbal Messaging Is Accepted Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Analog and digital are two terms used to clarify the distinction between nonverbal and verbal behaviors. What is the primary distinction between the two? A. Analog expresses a direct link, while the digital expression is arbitrary B. Analog is associated with verbal communication, while digital is associated with nonverbal communication. C. Analog is an outmoded type of communicating while digital is contemporary D. Analog is most often used for things we’re familiar with, while digital is most often used for things that are new. Ans: A
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Learning Objective: 2-2: Distinguish between digital and analog messages. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Digital vs. Analog Representations Difficulty Level: Hard
12. In Jesse’s text message to her friend Olivia, she writes “Day off tomorrow. Can you join me at yoga?” At the end of the message, she adds an emoji of a figure in a meditation pose. The verbal part of Jesse’s message is and the emoji sign off is . A. digital; analog B. analog; digital C. digital; digital D. analog; analog Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-2: Distinguish between digital and analog messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Digital vs. Analog Representations Difficulty Level: Medium
13. When Germaine was playing a game of pickup basketball in his neighborhood park, he gave a thumbs-up gesture to a new teammate who made a 3-point shot. Much to his surprise, the teammate’s response was a nasty look. Unbeknownst to Germaine, his teammate is visiting from Greece where the gesture means, “Up yours!” In this case, Germaine’s nonverbal message was . A. digital, not analog B. analog, not digital C. a mixture of digital and analog D. neither digital nor analog Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-2: Distinguish between digital and analog messages. Cognitive Domain: Application
Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Answer Location: Digital vs. Analog Representations Difficulty Level: Medium
14. When you’re thinking of the right words to say or making sure that your facial expression matches your emotion, you’re exhibiting behavior. A. decoding B. encoding C. nonverbal D. interaction Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Message Processing Difficulty Level: Easy
15. When Kyle’s English professor handed his essay, he saw lots of red writing and a big D across the top. Without thinking, Kyle blurted out, “That s_cks!” When he thought about it later, Kyle wished that he’d spent more time his message. A. deciphering B. elevating C. decoding D. encoding Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Message Processing Difficulty Level: Medium
16. In which of the following scenarios was Denise engaged in decoding?
Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
A. When she tried to think of the right words to use to tell her doctor how she’d been feeling. B. When Denise showed her doctor a rash that had recently appeared on her abdomen. C. When she tried to understand the technical term her doctor used to describe her condition. D. When Denise experienced psychological noise due to her fear of medical professionals. Ans: C Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Message Processing Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Manual started taking yoga classes because his girlfriend kept asking him to go with her. He enjoys it but finds many of the poses a challenge. No matter how attentively he watches the instructor, he is not able to what he is supposed to do. A. encode B. decode C. describe D. intuit Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Message Processing Difficulty Level: Medium
18. During the attention stage of human processing, it’s important to A. screen out uninteresting parts of the message B. pay more attention to nonverbal messages than to verbal messages C. pay attention to psychological and physiological noise
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Bowman, Nonverbal Communication, 1e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. listen and observe while engaging with another person Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Attention Stage Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Penelope and Matthew have been caring for their elderly grandmother, who is suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Penelope feels it’s time for their grandmother to move in a care facility. Matthew feels strongly that they can find a way to continue to care for her at home. They stay up all night listening to each other’s point of view and feelings. Happily, by morning they reach a compromise solution as a result of their comprehension. A. empathic B. dialogic C. nonverbal D. analytic Ans: B Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Comprehension Stage Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Jorge had a good job that he enjoyed, so he could never understand why his father was adamant that he continue going to college. Then at the dinner table one night his father shared how he had been passed over for a promotion because he was still 30 credits short of completing his degree. When Jorge saw the disappointment in his father’s face and felt his pain, he gained new insights as a result of comprehension. A. empathic B. dialogic C. nonverbal
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D. analytic Ans: A Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Comprehension Stage Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Sunita wanted to purchase a used car that was within her budget. At the dealership, the salesperson tried to convince her to take out a loan and purchase a new car. Sunita listened carefully, asked good questions, and detected verbal and nonverbal signs of deception. As a result of comprehension, Sunita stuck with her original plan and decided to go to another dealership. A. empathic B. dialogic C. nonverbal D. analytic Ans: D Learning Objective: 2-3: Describe how humans process messages. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Comprehension Stage Difficulty Level: Medium
22. The stage of message processing focuses on not only information about the content of the interaction, but also information about the context in which the interaction occurred and the relational information implied by the manner of interaction. A. attention B. comprehension C. memory D. relational Ans: C