ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria foR Dementia ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria foR Dementia

G1. G1. There is evidence of each of the following: There is evidence of each of the following:

 A decline in memory, which is most evident in the learning of new A decline in memory, which is most evident in the learning of new information, although, in more severe cases, the recall of information, although, in more severe cases, the recall of previously learned information may also be affected. The previously learned information may also be affected. The impairment applies to both verbal and nonverbal material. The impairment applies to both verbal and nonverbal material. The decline should be objectively verified by obtaining a reliable decline should be objectively verified by obtaining a reliable history from an informant, supplemented, if possible, by history from an informant, supplemented, if possible, by neuropsychological tests or quantified cognitive assessments. The neuropsychological tests or quantified cognitive assessments. The severity of the decline, with mild impairment as the threshold for severity of the decline, with mild impairment as the threshold for diagnosis, should be assessed as follows: diagnosis, should be assessed as follows:

 Mild. Mild. The degree of memory loss is sufficient to interfere with The degree of memory loss is sufficient to interfere with everyday activities, though not so severe as to be incompatible everyday activities, though not so severe as to be incompatible with independent living. The main function affected is the learing with independent living. The main function affected is the learing of new material. For example, the individual has difficulty in of new material. For example, the individual has difficulty in registering, storing, and recalling elements involved in daily living registering, storing, and recalling elements involved in daily living such as where belongings have been put, social arrangements, or such as where belongings have been put, social arrangements, or information recently imparted by family members. information recently imparted by family members.

 Moderate. Moderate. The degree of memory loss represents a serious The degree of memory loss represents a serious handicap to independent living. Only highly learned or very handicap to independent living. Only highly learned or very familiar material is retained. New information is retained only familiar material is retained. New information is retained only occasionally and very briefly. Individuals are unable to recall basic occasionally and very briefly. Individuals are unable to recall basic information about their own local geography, what they have information about their own local geography, what they have recently been doing, or the names of familiar people. recently been doing, or the names of familiar people.

A decline in other cognitive abilities characterized by A decline in other cognitive abilities characterized by deterioration in judgment and thinking, such as deterioration in judgment and thinking, such as planning and organizing, and in the general processing planning and organizing, and in the general processing of information. Evidence for this should ideally be of information. Evidence for this should ideally be obtained from an informant and supplemented, if obtained from an informant and supplemented, if possible, by neuropsychological tests or quantified possible, by neuropsychological tests or quantified objective assessments. Deterioration from a previously objective assessments. Deterioration from a previously higher level of performance should be established. The higher level of performance should be established. The severity of the decline, with mild impairment as the severity of the decline, with mild impairment as the threshold for diagnosis, should be assessed as follows: threshold for diagnosis, should be assessed as follows:

Mild. Mild. The decline in cognitive abilities causes impaired The decline in cognitive abilities causes impaired performance in daily living, but not to a degree that performance in daily living, but not to a degree that makes the individual dependent on others. Complicated makes the individual dependent on others. Complicated daily tasks or recreational activities cannot be daily tasks or recreational activities cannot be undertaken. undertaken.

Moderate Moderate. . The decline in cognitive abilities makes the The decline in cognitive abilities makes the individual unable to function without the assistance of individual unable to function without the assistance of another in daily living, including shopping and handling another in daily living, including shopping and handling money. Within the home, only simple chores can be money. Within the home, only simple chores can be performed. Activities are increasingly restricted and performed. Activities are increasingly restricted and poorly sustained poorly sustained

 G2. Awareness of the environment (i.e., absence

G2. Awareness of the environment (i.e., absence of clouding of consciousness [as defined in of clouding of consciousness [as defined in delirium, not induced by alcohol and other delirium, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances. Criterion A]) is psychoactive substances. Criterion A]) is preserved during a period sufficiently long to preserved during a period sufficiently long to allow the unequivocal demonstration of the allow the unequivocal demonstration of the symptoms in Criterion symptoms in Criterion

When there are superimposed episodes of

When there are superimposed episodes of delirium, the diagnosis of dementia should be delirium, the diagnosis of dementia should be deferred. deferred.

 G3. There is a decline in emotional control or G3. There is a decline in emotional control or motivation, or a change in social behavior motivation, or a change in social behavior manifest as at least one of the following: manifest as at least one of the following: emotional lability emotional lability irritability irritability apathy apathy coarsening of social behavior coarsening of social behavior

 G4. For a confident clinical diagnosis, the G4. For a confident clinical diagnosis, the symptoms in criterion G1 should have been symptoms in criterion G1 should have been present for at least 6 months; if the period since present for at least 6 months; if the period since the manifest onset is shorter the diagnosis can the manifest onset is shorter the diagnosis can