America’s Cup Compendium Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Cups Book 2 The Historical Record of the Races to America’s Cup
MARK ROBINSON HOLLAND with jack griffin
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Cups America’s Cup Compendium including Herbert C. Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Cups
APRIL 15, 2025
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
America's Cup [Ə-mer-Ə-kƏ’s ‘kƏp]
NOUN DEFINITION an international yachting race for a perpetual challenge cup originally won by the yacht AMERICA in a race around the Isle of Wight at the Royal Yacht Squadron’s 1851 regatta, and now held every three to four years.
compendium [kəmˈpendēəm]
NOUN DEFINITION a collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject, especially in a book or other publication.
Book 2 The Cups Published 2024 by COMPENDIUM PUBLISHING LLC Methuen Massachusetts USA Mark Robinson Holland Version 1.4 Original Upload 24 February 2024 37th America’s Cup Edition 15 April 2025
Copyright © 2024. Applicable content providers’ copyrights reserved. America’s Cup Compendium is a research work identifying the persons, places, yachts and events that contributed to the history of the Races for America’s Cup, including the evolution of the applicable rules of sailing and/or yacht design or criteria that applied at the time of any cited race or regatta, all for the purpose of historically documenting the sport. ISBN All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying , recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems – without the prior permission of the publishers. TEXT: Mark Robinson Holland Jack Griffin Karolina Stefanski, PhD. ILLUSTRATIONS: Mark Robinson Holland COVER PHOTOGRAPH: America’s Cup Trophy against background of Rangitoto Island, Auckland, New Zealand. © 2023 Mark Holland
The Cups
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The Cups America’s Cup Compendium
including Herbert C. Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Mark Robinson Holland
with Jack Griffin ¦ Karolina Stefanski, PhD.
Compendium Publishing LLC Methuen Massachusetts USA
Version 1.4
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The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Cups America’s Cup Compendium
including Herbert C. Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................11 The Birth of the Competition .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Background on The Cup ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Garrard’s 1848 Ewer ................................................................................................................................................20 Royal Yacht Squadron Cup of £100 - “America’s Cup”......................................................................................................22 The Garrard 1848 Ewer (1848) ...................................................................................................................................... 22 The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup (1848 -1851) ............................................................................................................. 22 Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns (5/9/1851 - 8/22/1851)..................................................................................... 22 “Queen’s Cup” (8/22/1851 – 1878) ............................................................................................................................ 22 America’s Cup (1878 -1958).............................................................................................................................................. 22 America’s Cup (1958 - Present)........................................................................................................................................ 22 Descriptions of the Cup ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Quality, Hallmarks and the Goldsmiths’ Hall ............................................................................................................25 The Silversmiths ................................................................................................................................................................. 27
History of Garrard and Company [est. 1722] ............................................................................................................27 History of Tiffany & Co. [est. 1837] ..........................................................................................................................28 History of Mazzucchelli’s [est. 1912]........................................................................................................................32 History of Biro and Sons [est. 1977] .........................................................................................................................33 History of Dave Worral Jewellers Ltd. [est. 2005] .....................................................................................................33 History of Nayler Brothers Silversmiths Limited [est. 1908] .....................................................................................33 Thomas Lyte ............................................................................................................................................................34 Design and Fabrication of Garrard’s 1848 Ewer ...................................................................................................... 35 Silversmithing Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Changes in the Cup’s Surface Finish Over Time .......................................................................................................... 52 At what cost, beauty? ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 America’s Cup as part of the Art World ...................................................................................................................... 53 America’s Cup as Artwork................................................................................................................................................ 54 America’s Cup as Prose, Poetry and Song ................................................................................................................... 56 The America’s Cup [Poem].................................................................................................................................................. 56 Song of the Cup NYYC Ex-Commodore Nicholas Kane [c.1891] ............................................................................. 56 Take it Back [Song]............................................................................................................................................................. 55 Jimmy Buffett, Max Betton (1987) .................................................................................................................................. 55 Possession of the Cup by the Schuyler Syndicate .................................................................................................... 54 New York Yacht Club as 1st Trustee ............................................................................................................................ 58
The Departure .........................................................................................................................................................64
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Royal Perth Yacht Club as 2nd Trustee ...................................................................................................................... 67 San Diego Yacht Club as 3rd Trustee ........................................................................................................................... 70
Jack Keith – Keeper of the Cup ................................................................................................................................71 Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron as 4th Trustee ................................................................................................ 77 Attack on the Cup - 3/14/1997 .................................................................................................................................... 78
Worldwide Reaction to the Attack ...........................................................................................................................86 Was Justice Done? ............................................................................................................................................................. 88 Damages, Repairs and Restoration of the Damaged America’s Cup........................................................................ 91
Damages to the Cup ................................................................................................................................................91 Damages to the Display Case ...................................................................................................................................93 Repairs .................................................................................................................................................................................. 95 The Cup Gets a New, Secure Home............................................................................................................................... 103 The Saga of Two Chunks of Buckled Silver: Silvergate ...................................................................................... 106 Société Nautique de Geneve as 5th Trustee ............................................................................................................. 109 Golden Gate Yacht Club as 6th Trustee ................................................................................................................... 110 Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron as 7th Trustee ............................................................................................. 114 Trustee’s Published Rules Concerning Display of the Cup ................................................................................. 117 Rules for the Display of America’s Cup on Tour..................................................................................................... 117 Care of America’s Cup ................................................................................................................................................... 117 The Second, Second Plinth Story .............................................................................................................................. 119 Fonts and Inscriptions .................................................................................................................................................. 122
MAIN LOBE ENGRAVING ...............................................................................................................................................125 CENTRAL PANEL ENGRAVING ........................................................................................................................................133 FOOT AND PEDESTAL ENGRAVING ................................................................................................................................136 PLINTH 1 ENGRAVING ...................................................................................................................................................138 PLINTH 2 ENGRAVING ...................................................................................................................................................142 The Scaffolding .............................................................................................................................................................. 151 The Bolt ............................................................................................................................................................................ 156 The Bases .......................................................................................................................................................................... 159
Base I – Royal Perth Yacht Club – 1983-1987 .........................................................................................................159 Base 2 – Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron – 1987 - 2003 ...................................................................................159 Bases 3 and 4 – Alinghi – 2007 - 2010 ...................................................................................................................159 Base 5 – Oracle – 2010 to present .........................................................................................................................160 The Trophy Trunks .......................................................................................................................................................... 161
Pre-Trunks.............................................................................................................................................................161 First Trunk .............................................................................................................................................................161 Sir Thomas Lipton’s Trunk .....................................................................................................................................162 Second Trunk ........................................................................................................................................................162 A Shipping Crate....................................................................................................................................................163 The Louis Vuitton America's Cup trophy trunks ...................................................................................................... 164
1983 Trunk ............................................................................................................................................................164 Plate XX.................................................................................................................................................................165 Version 1.4
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1987 Trunk ............................................................................................................................................................166 2003 Accord Trunk ................................................................................................................................................167 2003 LV Trunk .......................................................................................................................................................169 2010 Trunk ............................................................................................................................................................170 2015 Trunk ............................................................................................................................................................171 The Prada America's Cup Trophy Trunk ..................................................................................................................... 173
The 2018 Trunk .....................................................................................................................................................173 North Sails Travel Trunk ............................................................................................................................................. 175
2018 Trunk ............................................................................................................................................................175 The Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trophy Trunk – Returns! .................................................................................. 175 Greenstone Replica ....................................................................................................................................................... 183 America’s Cup MONA ...................................................................................................................................................... 184 Nagging Questions Still Remain .................................................................................................................................. 188 The America’s Cup Medal ............................................................................................................................................... 188
OTHER CUPS, TROPHIES AND AWARDS LEADING TO AMERICA’S CUP COMPETITION.....................................................189 George Steers’ Award ................................................................................................................................................... 189 Charles Francis Adams Memorial Trophy ................................................................................................................. 189 Livonia Trophy [1871]..................................................................................................................................................... 190 Cape May Challenge Cup ............................................................................................................................................... 191 The America’s Cup Medal ............................................................................................................................................... 191 Madeleine Cup .................................................................................................................................................................. 192 Sloop Yacht Mischief Trophy ....................................................................................................................................... 192 Puritan Genesta Decanter............................................................................................................................................ 193 Yacht Priscilla Trophy .................................................................................................................................................. 194 Yacht Mayflower Trophy .............................................................................................................................................. 194 Goelet Cup ....................................................................................................................................................................... 195 Goelet Cup ....................................................................................................................................................................... 195 Yacht Volunteer Trophy ............................................................................................................................................... 195 Newport Citizen’s Cup ................................................................................................................................................... 196 Goelet Cup ....................................................................................................................................................................... 196 Goelet Cup for Schooners .......................................................................................................................................... 197 Goelet Cup for Sloops ................................................................................................................................................. 198 John Jacob Astor Cups ................................................................................................................................................. 199 The Commodore Caldwell H. Colt Cup ..................................................................................................................... 200 Defender Trophy ............................................................................................................................................................. 201 W. Gould Brokaw Cup .................................................................................................................................................... 201 Goelet Cup ....................................................................................................................................................................... 201 New York Yacht Club Cup ............................................................................................................................................. 202 Enterprise Medallion..................................................................................................................................................... 203 Vanderbilt Crystal Trophy Cup................................................................................................................................... 203 100 Year Anniversary Commemorative Bowl............................................................................................................ 204 The Herbert C. Pell, Jr. Challenge Cup .................................................................................................................... 205 Pell Cup “Keeper Trophy” Ida Lewis Yacht Club / RYS [1960 - ] ........................................................................... 206 Caritas Cup....................................................................................................................................................................... 206 Chandler Hovey Gold Bowl ......................................................................................................................................... 207
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Briggs S. Cunningham Trophy ...................................................................................................................................... 207 Defender’s Cup ................................................................................................................................................................ 208 Nathanael G. Herreshoff Trophy ............................................................................................................................... 208 Governor’s Gift .............................................................................................................................................................. 209 The New York Yacht Club Medal ................................................................................................................................. 210 Swedish Challenge Trophy........................................................................................................................................... 212 America’s Plate ................................................................................................................................................................ 212 Moet America’s Cup Salmanazar Trophy.................................................................................................................... 213 America’s Cup Match Trophy ........................................................................................................................................ 213 Citizen Cup ........................................................................................................................................................................ 214 Design and Innovation Award ...................................................................................................................................... 215 Aussie Cup Trophy ........................................................................................................................................................... 215 President’s Award .......................................................................................................................................................... 215 Government of new Zealand medallion..................................................................................................................... 215
THE LIPTON ERA ............................................................................................................................................................216 1899 America’s Cup Challenge Cup First Sir Thomas Lipton Attempt ............................................................... 216 Sir Thomas Lipton Loving Cup ...................................................................................................................................... 216 Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy ............................................................................................................................................. 218 Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Cup ................................................................................................................................. 219
THE LOUIS VUITTON SPONSORSHIP ERA (1983 -2017) ...................................................................................................220 Louis Vuitton Cup 1.0 ..................................................................................................................................................... 220 Louis Vuitton Cup 2.0 ..................................................................................................................................................... 221
LOUIS VUITTON CUP TROPHY TRUNK c.1992 ................................................................................................................221 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Challenger Playoffs Trophy ................................................................................. 223 Louis Vuitton Cup 3.0 ..................................................................................................................................................... 226
LOUIS VUITTON TROPHY TRUNK c.2024 .......................................................................................................................227 LOUIS VUITTON AMERICA’S CUP WORLD SERIES TROPHIES ...........................................................................................228 ::P:: America’s Cup World Series Trophy ................................................................................................................... 230 ::Q:: The Portsmouth Victory Trophy.......................................................................................................................... 231 ::R:: The Portsmouth Endeavour Trophies ................................................................................................................. 232 ::U:: Omani Trophy ............................................................................................................................................................ 232 ::T:: World Series Trophy Bermuda.............................................................................................................................. 233 ::V:: World Series Cup – New York City ..................................................................................................................... 234 ::W:: The Victory Trophy ................................................................................................................................................. 235 ::X:: The Endeavor Trophies .......................................................................................................................................... 236 ::Y:: Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series ....................................................................................................... 237 ::Z:: Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series ........................................................................................................ 237 ::aa:: Vilanova I La Geltru Cup “JONāS, un senzill peix de plāstic” ....................................................................... 238 ::BB:: NEOM Cup .............................................................................................................................................................. 239 (2023) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 239 ::CC:: Cup ......................................................................................................................................................................... 239 Perth Yacht Club Medallion ........................................................................................................................................ 240 Gautier Cup....................................................................................................................................................................... 240
THE PRADA SPONSORSHIP ERA (2018 – present) ...........................................................................................................241 Prada Cup.......................................................................................................................................................................... 243
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America’s Cup World Series Cup ................................................................................................................................. 245 Prada Christmas Cup 2020 ........................................................................................................................................... 246 Racecourse Turning Marks .......................................................................................................................................... 247
Format: Recycled plastic and upcycled ocean plastics 3D printed. Inspired by “intricate patterns of coral, representing resilience, strength and the interconnectedness of nature.” ..................................... 249 Inscriptions: (inside rear)
A C | AMERICA’S CUP | ESERIES ............................................................................ 249
BARCELONA | 2024....................................................................................................................................................... 249 America’s Cup Hall of Fame .......................................................................................................................................... 250 National Sailing Hall of Fame ..................................................................................................................................... 252
Oldest Sporting Trophies ...............................................................................................................................................254 Most Expensive Trophies? ............................................................................................................................................. 263 Oldest Sailing Regattas ............................................................................................................................................... 264 America’s Cup Trophy & Prizes Design Contest ....................................................................................................... 264
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................266 Index to Figures and photo credits ........................................................................................................................... 266 About the Authors.......................................................................................................................................................... 272
APPENDIX I ...................................................................................................................................................................274 APPENDIX II ..................................................................................................................................................................300 APPENDIX III..................................................................................................................................................................303 APPENDIX IV .................................................................................................................................................................307 APPENDIX IV .................................................................................................................................................................308 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 311 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................ 314 Correspondence Letters from Garrard & Co......................................................................................................... 315
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Please also consider our companion hard-cover book
AVAILABLE SUMMER 2026
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Plate I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXII
The Cups
INDEX TO PLATES Description
Silverwork of Garrard’s 1848 Cup Baluster Handle Detail – America’s Cup Cruet Detail – America’s Cup Stem and Foot Detail – America’s Cup Plan View of Foot/Reflected Underside of Foot Plan
Page 33 34 35 43 45
Display Platforms while at New York Yacht Club SDYC America’s Cup Display Case c. 1987 RNZYS America’s Cup Display case c. 1997 Showing Attack-Damaged Areas Glasbau Hahn Anti-Bandit Display at RNZYS – 1997 – Front & Side Glasbau Hahn Anti-Bandit Display at RNZYS – 1997 - Section America’s Cup Engraving Locations America’s Cup New (2019) Plinth 2 Engraving Locations America’s Cup Internal Support Structure – 1997 America’s Cup Internal Support Structure – 2010 America’s Cup Internal Support Structure – 2019 Growth of “The Bolt” Securing America’s Cup Original Wood Case c. 1857-1958 Original Wood Case c. 1958-1983 Plywood Shipping Crate c. 1983-4 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – 1983 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – 1987 SNG America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2003 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2003 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2010 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2013 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2017 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2024 (COMING SOON!) Prada America’s Cup Trunk – c. 2018 Louis Vuitton Cup Trunk – c. 2013 Louis Vuitton America’s Challenge Playoff Cup Trunk – 2017 Louis Vuitton World Series Trophy Plates c. 2011-2012 PRADA Cup Trunk c. 2018
62 72 89 98 99 116 133 144 145 146 148 152 153 154 156 157 159 160 161 163 165 166 209 214 227 214 227
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Introduction By the time the first Modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece on April 6, 1896, there had already been nine America’s Cup Defenses held. Said to be the world’s oldest continuously awarded international sport trophy, 1 America’s Cup has been contested 37 times since the ewer was won in 1851 by the yacht AMERICA in a race around the Isle of Wight in England. It was called “the most elusive piece of metal in all the world” by Sir Thomas Lipton. Fortunes have been spent. Reputations have been placed on the line. Wagering was prevalent – until wagering was made illegal. During races, sailors have been severely injured, sailors have been launched overboard, and sailors have been killed. Yachts have raced, yachts have collided, seen their masts snapped in two, seen their hulls snapped in two, and seen their remains sent to the bottom. But America’s Cup remains the most sought-after prize in sports. This is the fascinating history of 134 ounces of Sterling silver. However, to even be able to vie for the chance to take the Cup, challengers must first reduce their number to ONE. Over the years, numerous regattas were held and served as “observation races” to determine which yachts had the best chances – either to defend the Cup or as viable challengers. Additionally, qualifying and elimination races were held to select the strongest international competitor to race the incumbent. With the possible exception of American Little League Baseball (where “everyone gets a trophy”), there are likely no sports that bestow as many awards on the winners and the losers as the races for sailing’s America’s Cup. This section of Compendium identifies and looks at the history of these many trophies. The first segment relates the history of America’s Cup itself – including its origins, specifications, modifications, engravings, attacks, repairs and…yes…travel cases. Compendium then identifies and captures the “other” awards eligible to the contenders – some because they are winners and some because they are not. Some were one-offs, and some are perpetual. Some are truly beautiful while others, perhaps not so much. Some accompanied corporate sponsorships of elimination regattas. Some are more prestigious than others. The perpetual trophies are often accompanied by rigid conditions set by the awarder. These are usually contained in a “Deed” of Gift or Trust, or Memorandum of Gift, or similar document that is part of the trophy forever. These Deeds, where available, can be found in the Compendium – The Deeds section. Compendium, as a rule, uses the term “Sterling” to describe the metal in the trophies. Sterling, commonly designated as 925, is a specific alloy consisting of 92.5 percent (925/1000 parts) silver (Ag) and 7.5 percent (75/1000 parts) copper (Cu) plus other base metals such as nickel (Ni). 2 (“Fine” or “pure” silver is too soft to be crafted where durability and strength are important criteria and quickly tarnishes as a reaction to Sulphur in the air.) Experts contend that saying “Sterling Silver” is redundant. When silver that does not meet the quality standards of Sterling are covered in Compendium, those variations are specifically noted. Although there were many beautiful 19th-century sailing trophies that were awarded that are not covered in Compendium, only those Cups that were awarded during the America’s Cup regatta years are included in The Cups.
1 2
But technically, probably not correct. See Appendix Section entitled Comparison of the World’s Oldest Sporting Trophies. Tiffany Silver; Chas. And Mary Carpenter, 1977. Page 225.
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The Birth of the Competition Picture, if you will, the foiling monohulls which graced the waters of Barcelona, Spain in the races for the coveted 37th America’s Cup in October of 2024. Then back up 178 years, to the trigger of it all in England in 1848.
LONDON. In the second half of 1848, one of their regular customers, Royal Yacht Squadron (RYS) member Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, took fancy to a stock Sterling ewer “of little artistic and no functional value” that was on display in the 29-31 Panton Street jewelers’ shop run by brothers Robert and Sebastian Garrard, R & S Garrard and Co. in London. The 26 5/8-inch-tall ewer was part of a group of six pieces of similar design made by Garrard from 1848 to 1856. Paget purchased the 134-ounce silver piece “off the shelf” for approximately £100 3 and soon donated it to the RYS for the Club to use as a future prize4 – in spite of the fact that Garrard’s 1848 Ewer did not bear any obvious nautical or seafaring design details and didn’t even have a bottom! Then known simply as “The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup”, and in accordance with practice at the time, the prize would be kept by the winner, instead of “in trust” as perpetual trophy. At the time the Cup bore no inscriptions or markings other than nine stamped “hallmarks” attesting to its maker and quality. The Royal Yacht Squadron would hold onto the Garrard 1848 Ewer until it was needed.
LONDON. An assistant record keeper at the Public Records Office in London, Henry Cole5 [7/15/1808-4/18/1882] had additional interests including the production of industrial and art journals. As editor of the Journal of Design and Manufacturers (1849), Cole urged artists to “apply their designs to everyday articles which could then be mass-produced and sold to the great unwashed.” Cole was a council member of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (“Society”) when he was introduced to the Society’s President - Prince Consort Albert [born: Seine Durchlaucht Prinz Franz Albrecht August Karl Emanuel von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, Herzog zu Sachsen 8/26/1819-12/14/1861], who was married to Queen Victoria – his cousin. Cole had designed a pottery project referred to as “Summerly’s Tea Service” that won a Society competition in 1845 announced by Prince Albert. Based on a similar 1844 French Industrial Exposition, Cole proposed The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations to feature “art applied to industry,” noting “an international exhibit in London would educate the public and inspire British designers and manufacturers.” On January 3, 1850 a royal commission was established and met to organize the event. In a building design competition, two hundred forty-five designs for a Great Hall were proposed – and rejected. The commission later selected a separate design from the firm of Fox, Henderson & Co. based on a greenhouse-inspired concept by Joseph Paxton6 and engineers Charles Fox and William Cubitt. The structure, to be located at Hyde Park, London [GPS Lat.:51.4216, Long.: 0.0731] would be enormous - 1,850 feet (564 meters) long by 453 feet (138 meters) wide, and more than three stories (128 feet/39 meters) high. The structure would enclose 838,050 square feet (77,578 sq m) or 19.24 acres of exhibit space. Construction Engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel brought the project to its dedication day in only nine months with the aid of some 5,000 workers. Figure 1 Site of Crystal Palace - London
3 4
(US$525) [£15,229/$20,276 in 2023]. Reports over time had incorrectly suggested that the RYS commissioned the ewer, or that Paget purchased it as a prize for any particular event.
5 Henry Cole was also known as “Felix Summerly”.
6 Paxton had previously designed greenhouses for the 6th Duke of Devonshire.
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The “Crystal Palace” was constructed of more than 3,000 cast iron columns, 3,300 pre-fabricated cast iron truss beams, representing more than 4,000 tons of iron and more than 900,000 square feet of glass. At one point, a team of 80 glaziers were installing over 18,000 glass panes each week. By noon on May 1, 1851 with astonishing speed, 7 the design, manufacture, construction and installation of the exhibits in the “Crystal Palace” had been completed, ready for its debut. Also referred to as “The Great Shalimar,” 8 the Crystal Palace contained trees, gardens and fountains including one built in pink glass of 27-foot height. An original waterfall tower collapsed during construction due to soil load bearing issues, but after a redesign, two separate, large waterfall towers located at either end of the Palace, plus one in the central garden, were constructed – each with its own reservoir. Concerned about safety in the unique building, Prince Albert had soldiers brought in to march in lockstep within the various galleries to assure that no glass would break from vibration. As some of the park’s existing elm trees were too big to move, the building was just built over them. As nature would have it, the now-interior elm trees were home to sparrows. Many sparrows. Many many sparrows. It was a concern that droppings from these feathered inhabitants of the trees would damage the exhibits and the visitors. The usual solution at the time would involve blasting away at the trees with shotguns, however it was deemed an inadvisable method within the (all glass) Crystal Palace. The Duke of Wellington coldly suggested the use of Sparrowhawks, a natural predator to most small birds. It is unconfirmed whether a proposal to enlist “sparrowhawks” to chase the birds away from their trees for the duration of the Exhibition was actually tried. 9,10 _____ NEW YORK. In the autumn of 1850, there was correspondence11 between an English merchant and his New York business associates regarding the Great Exposition planned for 1851 in London. The suggestion was that one of the United States’ fast “pilot boats” be sent to the Exposition to race against the best that England had to offer. In New York, the letters were shown to George L. Schuyler and John C. Stevens who were thought to be the foremost sportsmen in America at the time, and members of the Figure 2 Interior of Crystal Palace newly formed New York Yacht Club. But rather than draw from the pilot boat fleet of the time, they would use the talents of George Steers to build a boat “finer and faster than any pilot boat and in every sense a national champion.” 12 On November 15th, 1850, after initial informal discussions with Schuyler and Stevens, William H. Brown, owner of the shipyard on the East River at the foot of 12th Street, proposed to construct a very fast, George Steers-designed 140-ton yacht. Brown, fully confident in their abilities, included the following stipulations: “When the vessel is ready, she is to be placed at the disposal of Hamilton Wilkes, Esq., as umpire, who after making such trials as are satisfactory to him for the space of 20 days, shall decide whether or not she is faster than any vessel in the United States brought to compete with her. If it is decided by the umpire that she is not faster than any vessel in the United States, you are to have the right, instead of accepting her at that time, to send her to England, match her against anything of her size built there, and if beaten still to reject her altogether.”
7 16 months from commission to opening.
8 Shalimar refers to three historic royal gardens (or Baghs) of the Mughal Empire in South Asia:
• Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India; built in 1619, and • Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, Pakistan; a UNESCO World Heritage Site built in 1641 9 “Sparrowhawk” https://virily.com/animals/sparrowhawk. 10 Source of image: https://fiveminutehistory.com/the-great-exhibition-and-the-19th-century-cult-of-progress/ 11 Lawson, p4. 12 Ibid. Version 1.4
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A five-man syndicate had been formed, consisting of Commodore John Cox Stevens, his brother Edwin Augustus Stevens, George Lee Schuyler; and First Vice Commodore Hamilton Wilkes – all members of the New York Yacht Club, and New York businessman John K. Beekman Finlay and on November 15, 1850 contracted with George Steers of the William H. Brown Shipyard in New York to build the schooner that would show off to the British the best of America. The deal was originally budgeted at $30,000 ($1,161,078 in 2023) with a delivery date of April 1, 1851. She would be named “America.” While the schooner was being built, the yard was visited by the British Ambassador, Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, who discussed the potential challenge by America with his friend Lord Wilton, (born Thomas Grosvenor) Commodore of the RYS. Wilton soon wrote to John Cox Stevens offering the hospitality of the RYS Club should they come to Cowes. “7 Grosvenor Square, London Feb. 22nd, 1851 Sir,---Understanding from Sir H. Bulwer that a few of the members of the New York Yacht Club are building a schooner which it is their intention to bring over to England this summer, I have taken the liberty of writing to you in your capacity as Commodore, to request you to convey to those members and any friends that may accompany them on board the yacht, an invitation on the part of myself and the members of the Royal Yacht Squadron to become visitors of the Club House at Cowes during their stay in England. For myself, I may be permitted to say that I shall have great pleasure in extending to your countrymen any civility that lies in my power, and shall be very glad to avail myself of any improvements in shipbuilding that the industry and skill of your nation have enabled you to elaborate. I remain, Sir, your obdt sert., 13 Wilton, Commodore of the Royal Yacht Squadron” Stevens’s reply was as follows: “New York, March 26th, 1851 My Lord, -- I regret that an accident prevented the reception of your letter until after the packet of the 12th had sailed. I take the earliest opportunity offered to convey to the gentlemen of the Royal Yacht Squadron, and to yourself, the expression of our warmest thanks for your invitation to visit the Club House at Cowes. Some four or five friends and myself have a yacht on the stocks which we hope to launch in the course of two or three weeks. Should she answer the sanguine expectations of her builder and fulfil the stipulations he has made, we propose to avail ourselves of your friendly bidding and take with good grace the sound thrashing your preserving yachtsmen will prove an overmatch for the industry and skill of their aspiring competitors. Should the schooner fail to meet the expectations of her builder, not the least of our regrets will be to have lost the opportunity of personally thanking the gentlemen of the Royal Yacht Squadron and yourself for your considerate kindness. With the hope that we may have the pleasure of reciprocating a favor so frankly bestowed, I remain your lordship’s most obedient servant, John C. Stevens Commodore New York Yacht Club” _____ COWES. At a general meeting of the Royal Yacht Squadron held on Friday, May 9, 1851, the R.Y.S. voted “That a Cup of one hundred Sovereigns value to be sailed for yachts belonging to the clubs of all nations, subject to the R.Y.S. Sailing Regulations – Course to be raced the Isle of Wight” 14 to be sailed as part of the Annual RYS Regatta concurrent with the London World’s Fair of 1851. In spite of the “subject to” wording of the vote, the RYS Sailing Regulations were amended for the regatta. The Club’s “single ownership” rule was waived to permit the five-member America syndicate to participate15, as was a rule prohibiting the practice of “booming out.” 16
13
“obedient servant” a respectful closing of the day.
14 Minutes General Meeting of the RYS, 5/9/1851.
15 On August 16 Stevens wrote to John Bates, Esq. RN secretary of the RYS: “The fact that this vessel is owned by more than one person is so well known as to render it almost unnecessary to state it; yet I do so when she is entered, to avoid the possibility of seeming to contravene the rules of the Royal Yacht Squadron.” Lawson p21. 16 In a written request to RYS to waive the rule, Stevens reasoned “The great rake of America’s masts prevents her having the full advantaged of her sails in a match, unless she booms them out.”
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And, as the regattas were normally held solely for members of the Royal Yacht Squadron 17, the decision of the Club to open competition to “clubs of all nations” was certainly another concession to America. The prize, it was decided, would be the Garrard 1848 Ewer donated to the Squadron earlier by Paget – “The Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns.” _____ NEW YORK. But the April 1 delivery date for America was missed. On April 2nd, 1851 Brown asked for an extension of time and stated that if she was not the fastest, the syndicate would not be on the hook for any costs. Schuyler agreed to a one-month extension to May 1, which was again missed by Brown –– America was finally launched on May 3, 1851. 18 In an offer made on May 24th to buy America outright at two-thirds of the agreed price, Schuyler wrote: “W. H. Brown, Esqr. Dear Sir, -- So much more time has elapsed than was anticipated by you in completing the yacht America that I fear, if delayed much longer by further trials, the proper season for sending her to England will have passed. The gentlemen interested with me in the contract I have with you have consented that I should make an offer for the vessel as she is, releasing her from further trials and dispatching her forthwith. I will give you $20,000 ($746,128 in 2023) in cash for the yacht, finished as per contract, equipped and ready for sea, to be delivered to me on or before the second day of June next. All expenses of trials, etc., heretofore incurred by you to be paid by you. Yours truly, George L. Schuyler New York, May 24, 1851” In preparation for the crossing, Mr. Schuyler “visited all the pilot boats belonging hereabouts, and picked from their crew the most promising young men – the best and most active sailors he could find – to the number of thirteen. These he employed to join as the crew of the new yacht.” 19 In questionable matches against Steven’s yacht Maria, America was not the fastest, and newspaperman of the day, Horace Greely cautioned the syndicate “The eyes of the world are on you. You will be beaten, and the country will be abused, as it has been with the Exposition”. Speaking for the syndicate, James Hamilton merely stated “We are in for it and must go.” 20 _____ LONDON. The May 1, 1851 opening of the Exposition21 at noon was hosted by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and was attended by one-half million spectators. It was reported that the Queen returned more than 30 times in the following months with her children to marvel in the displays. Admission during the first week was £1 (£172.23/$209.21 in 2023!) but was reduced to five shillings (about £20/$24.29 in 2023) or about 1 day’s wages for a “skilled tradesman”) for the next three weeks. In May the weekday prices were reduced to 1 shilling to allow for more of the common people to attend. The 1-shilling admission fee was responsible for more than four million of the total visitors. Tickets were reasonably priced making repeated visits affordable, and “season tickets” were available. “The charges for admission will be as follows: Season ticket for a gentleman……£3 3 0 Season ticket for a lady………………£2 2 0” The facility featured the first pay toilets. George Jennings, their inventor, charged a penny. 827,280 people used them. (Please note that the fee did include use of a towel, comb and a shoeshine.) The facility was open from 10 AM (noon on Saturdays) to 6 PM. In the five- and one-half months (May 1, 1851 to its closing on 11 October 1851) that the Exhibition was open, 6,039,195 people (equivalent to about one-third of the entire British population at the time) attended and viewed more than 100,000 exhibits22 half of which were of British origin. The remainder were from 44 foreign
17 A £50 cup had been offered in 1845 for vessels under 30 tons from “any regularly established yacht club, and one in 1846 for “any other Royal Yacht Club. The practice had not gone past those initial years. 18 Lawson p7. 19 London Daily News, Friday, October 3, 1851 - The Yachts of America, pg,2 20 Lawson, p14; M. Levitt – NYYC.org America’s Cup History. 21 Robert McNamara Britain’s Great Exhibition of 1851 https://www.thoughtco.com/britains-great-exhibition-of-1851-1773797 22 A complete catalogue of the exhibits can be found at https://archive.org/details/officialcatalog06unkngoog/page/n288/mode/2up
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states in Europe and the Americas. There were 17,000 exhibitors of whom 519 were from the United States 23. VIP attendance on opening day numbered 25,000; on day two, there were 16,560 paid admissions. Many attendees on October 9th likely wished they had picked another time to visit – there were 109,915 friends there that day. Among the displays was a hydraulic press invented by Stevenson; a steam hammer “strong enough to forge the main bearing of a steamship and gentle enough to crack an egg;” and an adding machine destined to eliminate bank clerks. On the upper floor, the western side gallery glazing was of stained glass to allow spectacular effect from the sunshine. Much like trade shows today, sale of items were not allowed, but there were numerous “show floor gifts or give-aways” to be had.
Figure 3
Canadian scenes were on painted panels on a fire engine along with display of furs; India sent a carved ivory throne with pearls, emeralds and rubies plus a “magnificent howdah and trapping for a rajah’s elephant” (the immense stuffed elephant wearing it came from a British museum). A massive eagle with wings outstretched and holding the Stars and Stripes was a highlight of the American display, as was Colt’s repeating rifle and McCormack’s reaping machine. France exhibited tapestries, Sevres porcelain and Lyons silk, Limoges enamels and fine furniture. During the Great Exposition, some of the other displays included: • • •
An American burglar, Alfred Charles Hobbs, demonstrating the inadequacy of the best European locks of the day; Mathew Brady was given a medal for his invention of the daguerreotype (silver plate photography); The New Zealand exhibit featured crafted items by the Māori 24 such as baskets, carvings, eel traps, mats, fishhooks and clubs;
23 In 1851, there were only 31 United States.
24 Ironically it was 148 years later in 1997 that a Māori attacked and severely damaged America’s Cup trophy with a hammer.
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• • • • • • • •
The first dinosaur sculptures (15) in the world, predating Darwin by 6 years, 25 C.C. Hornung of Denmark showed the first ever single-cast iron frame for a piano; Possibly the first ever voting machine that counted votes automatically and included a system to preclude over-voting. The huge “Trophy Telescope” manufactured by Ross of London boasting a main lens of Figure 4 Yankee Locksmith at Expo 11 inches (280 mm) and 16 foot (4,9m) focal length; J. S. Marratt exhibited a 5-foot achromatic telescope and a theodolite surveying transit; A start-to-finish exhibit of the process of cotton cloth production; George Waterhouse, an Irish jeweler displayed Celtic Revival jewelry. It is said that the Exhibition had “pottery, porcelain, ironwork, furniture, perfumes, firearms, fabrics, steam hammers, hydraulic presses and even the odd house or two.” 26
The advertised star of the show, the Koh-i-Nor (“Mountain of Light”) rare pink diamond – the largest diamond known at the time, at the India exhibit was the biggest flop of the show: large, but un-cut and therefore dull and without sparkle, the diamond was soon afforded a new display case with “lamps and mirrors” but still did not raise the appreciation of the visitors who left in boredom. And some exhibits arrived late. The Russian display was stranded in St. Petersburg by ice in the Baltic Sea but was reportedly worth the wait when it arrived in June. Thirty men had worked “day and night for a whole year” to create a pair of malachite (copper carbonate hydroxide (a greenbanded mineral) doors, Cossack armor, 2m tall vases and urns, furs and sledges. Oh, and the Great Exposition of the Works of Industry of All Nations festivities included the running of the Royal Yacht Squadron Regatta of 1851 at Cowes on the nearby Isle of Wight: Monday, August 18th 1851 - Her Majesty’s Cup (By Large Class Cutters of the RYS) (105 tons and above); Tuesday, August 19th 1851 – The RYS Annual Dinner; Wednesday, August 20th 1851 – HRH Prince Albert’s Cup (By Large Class RYS Schooners) (140 tons and above); Thursday, August 21st 1851 – RYS Annual Ball; and nd Friday, August 22 1851 – The RYS £100 Cup – Open to Yachts belonging to the Clubs of all Nations. No time allowed for Tonnage (and Fireworks at 9 PM) ______
Figure 5
NEW YORK. On June 17, 1851 William Brown’s yacht America was issued New York Customs House Certificate No. 290 and on June 21, 1851, America set off from New York arriving in Le Havre on July 11, 1851 after a 20-day, six-hour transatlantic crossing. Both Stevens brothers and Colonel and Mrs. Hamilton took the Atlantic crossing by steamship and met up with America in France. While awaiting the arrival of America, Colonel Hamilton used his time to “obtain the best wines and all other luxuries to enable us to entertain our guests in the most sumptuous manner.” 27 ______ LE HAVRE, FRANCE. America had been configured for sea crossing, sporting the borrowed working sail set from Capt. Brown’s pilot schooner Mary Taylor, and underwent modifications to ready her for racing while in France (specifically to keep it out of the prying eyes of the potential British competitors. 28) America, during its crossing only had its grey primer on her hull but was painted with her fresh black enamel finish coat before her debut in Cowes. Her carvings, gilded interior work and upholstery were shipped separately and were installed at Havre. Her new cotton duck racing sails (the English boats still used heavy flax cloth), made in Paterson, NJ at Colt’s Factory29 were fitted to the rigging, and she was made ready in every way.
25 https://yisela.medium.com/the-great-exhibition-of-1851-acf1c5f43d04 26 Ben Johnson The Great Exhibition 1851. 27 Lawson, p14.
28 Lawson, p15.
29 Colt claimed that their “Cotton Duck sails would propel a vessel one knot, at least, faster than hemp duck can.” NYH 9/27/1851 pg. 10.
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For the crossing America had been rigged as a pilot boat – no foretopmast and no flying jib boom. Believing that a change in rigging would improve their chances, designer George Steers approached Michael Ratsey on the Isle of Wight to have him make the spar. Steers bet Ratsey the value of the new spar that America could beat any yacht he could name. Ratsey chose Beatrice. They then went to a sail maker to have the flying jib made30 - and bet him the price of the sail on the race. America’s racing sails were bent, and she was made ready for competition. On July 31st, America set off from France and arrived that night at the north side of the island in thick fog. Still weighed down with the supplies carried in the transatlantic crossing, and not really looking to tip her hand as to her speed, she lay off Ryde Town awaiting the escort vessel to guide them to Cowes. As fate would have it, clandestine hopes went overboard, as almost immediately upon entering English waters, America showed of what she was made when she inadvertently met up with a fast English cutter, Laverock (the cutter just acquired by Captain (later Rear Admiral) Charles Hamlyn-Williams RN)31 on The Solent. In a windward beat, America far out sped the British boat – which presented a “win-lose” situation: The black boat won the impromptu race to Cowes, but within hours on shore it was known that nothing in the English fleet was going to beat America. ______ COWES. In a letter on August 8, 1851 Commodore Stevens thanked the RYS and indicated that he would sail in the Regatta set for the 13th. On the 11th however, Stevens wrote to requesting that he be allowed to withdraw as he had issued an offer to sail against any of the English schooners. He then offered a race against any schooner or cutter. With no takers, Stevens opened the offer to any English vessel whatever for any sum from one to ten thousand guineas, the only proviso being that there be at least a six-knot breeze. America’s newly forged reputation made even the sporting gentlemen of England hesitant to wager. While practical for the bettors, it was not seen as sporting by the public. The London Times wrote: “Most of us have seen the agitation which the appearance of a sparrow-hawk on the horizon creates among a flock of wood-pigeons or skylarks when, unsuspecting all danger and engaged in airy flights or playing about over the fallows, they all at once come down to the ground and are rendered almost motionless for fear of the disagreeable visitor. Although the gentlemen whose business is on the waters of the Solent are neither wood-pigeons nor skylarks, and although the America is not a sparrow-hawk, the effect produced by her apparition off West Cowes among yachtsmen seems to have been completely paralyzing. She has flung down the gauntlet to England, Ireland and Scotland, and not one has been found there to take it up.” The Royal Victoria Yacht Club Regatta was held on August 14, 1851 on the Solent at Ryde. Although neither America nor Pearl were officially entered into the race: “The celebrated American Yacht America, J. R.[sic] Stephens, Esqr., joined the squadron in the Cowes Roads, in company with the Pearl, belonging to the Marquis of Anglesey, having only her staysail and foresail set, and continued with the contending vessels up the West Channel, and again gave proof of her good qualities and excellent trim, and there can be no doubt that she will be a formidable rival to any yacht who will take up her challenge and contend against her. So sanguine are her owners of her superior prowess, that they are ready, so we understand, to back her to almost any amount.” Morning Advertiser August 15, 1851. On August 17, 1851 America entered the Ryde Regatta – a race she was technically not eligible to win. Slow out of the gate, she rapidly accelerated, passing all the British entries. On the return leg, she was even faster. At precisely 1000 hours on Friday, August 22, 1851, with six local crewmen borrowed from the British yacht Surprise 32, the RYS £100 Cup race was begun, and at 2037 hours that same evening, the odd black yacht America sped across the finish line at Cowes to win the prize. The closest racer after America was the yacht Aurora who crossed a full 21 minutes later.
30 “someone” convinced Stevens to carry a flying jib and topsail in the August 22nd race. Capt. Brown was against the idea. [M. Levitt, NYYC.org.]. On 24 August 1851, THE OBSERVER (pg.5) noted America “lost her “jib boom: - “carried it away” is the technical term. While standing on, before a light wind, under gaff topsail and outer jib – making a short reach towards Dunnose – her jib-book “broke short as a carrot. This spar was, however, one which she had procured at Cowes; and which formed no part of her original equipment.” 31 Hamish Ross, 2017, “The America’s Cup Deeds of Gift” at p. 47. 32 Montague Guest and Wm. B. Boulton, Memorials of the RYS) 1903 at p 223.
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Of questionable historic accuracy33, but widely quoted was an alleged conversation between Queen Victoria and a signal master: “Are the yachts in sight?” “Only the America, may it please Your Majesty.” “Which is second?” “Ah, Your Majesty, there is no second.” There were, however, five protests. Of them, Mr. George Holland Stevens, owner of the yacht Brilliant had protested on the grounds that America had passed on the wrong side of the Nab. But there had been two conflicting sets of the Sailing Instructions - the SI’s provided to America said, “Keep round the No-man Buoy. Returning to Cowes, pass between the station vessel (with a union jack by day, and two lights by night, vertical) and Cowes Castle, the goal of decisions,” and contained “the names and colors of the yachts in which the course is described as merely ‘round the Isle of Wight.” The printed program said the course was to be “Round the Isle of Wight, inside Noman’s buoy and Sandhead buoy, and outside the Nab.” America had rounded a white buoy inside the lightship while the other yachts sailed a longer course. “America’s crew stayed awake all night to await the results and were told before morning that they had won the ornate urn. Ultimately, all the protests had been disallowed.” 34 “The award of the cup, by the unanimous voice of the committee, was, therefore, only a just tribute to her superior speed.” 35 At the bequest of Queen Victoria, at 6:30 PM on August 23, 1851, America sailed to Osborne House, [GPS.: Lat.: 50.751102, Long.: 1.2070240] the summer home of the Queen. She, Prince Albert and a contingent of aides went aboard America. “Before going below, Captain Brown asked Prince Albert to wipe his feet. The Prince paused in astonishment. Captain Brown said, “I know who you are, but you’ll still have to wipe your feet.” 36 “ [The next day, Captain Brown received a package from a representative of the Crown which contained a gold pocket compass and a note which said Her Majesty “hoped he might keep it as bright as he kept his ship.”] 37 There was also an impromptu investigation by Henry William Paget to determine if America actually sported a propeller below the waterline, so impressive was her speed. This included Paget hanging himself over the rail of America while being held by his one good, and one artificial leg. “Curious sightseers in rowboats circled her stern.” “I would not wager a guinea against the Yankee cart,” said a famous clergyman, “but I will give a hundred to see her bottom.” 38 [The propeller was never found.] Later in the evening of August 23, 1851, there was a fireworks display and a gala “reunion” party at the Royal Yacht Squadron clubhouse. The Commodore remarked “I have to state that a protest which had been entered against her receiving the cup, on the ground that she had not followed the course marked out, was withdrawn.” [London Observer, August 25, 1851] The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns was thus presented to the Messrs. Stephens as representatives of the America Syndicate. The Queen’s Cup race was held on Monday, August 25, 1851. Despite every expectation that America would compete, at the start of the race the breeze had not reached six knots, and America did not start. Later the wind did pick up, and ninety minutes after the start of the race, the American boat unofficially joined the regatta. America crossed the finish line only minutes behind the winner. A race of £100 was proposed by Mr. Robert Stevenson, owner of the schooner Titania, for a race – 20 miles to windward and return – on August 28th, 1851. Despite the carrying away of her fore gaff, America beat Titania by 52 minutes.
33 At the same time, there were reports of the “crew of America” wildly saluting and doffing their caps as they past the Queen’s steam launch. This should probably be looked at with a grain of salt as many of the “America” crew were, in fact British, having been borrowed that day from the English schooner “Surprise.” 34 Nautical Quarterly, 1977. 35 The Observer (London) pg6, 8/24/1851. 36 NYYC “America’s Cup History (Michael Levitt) online. 37 Nautical Quarterly, 1977. 38 SI Ten Men and a $40 Cup Sept 8, 1958.
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The syndicate decided to sell America rather than return her to the United States. The buyer, Lord John de Blaquiere paid the sum of $25,000 for the fastest yacht of the time. 39 On September 18, 1851, John Cox and Edwin Augustus Stevens, and James Hamilton left for New York with the Cup on the US steamship SS Baltic, arriving at 7pm September 28, 1851. Hamilton Wilkes remained in Europe, and on December 16, 1852 died of tuberculosis. The simple math tally at the end of September for the Syndicate was as follows: Original Contract Price Delay Discount Value of Prize 8/22 Race Winnings 8/28 Sale Price Total PROFIT
$
-$ $
30,000 ($ 1,195,114 in 2024) 40 10,000 ($ 398,371 in 2024) 525 [£100] ($ 20,914 in 2024) 525 [£100] ($ 20,914 in 2024) 25,000 ($ 995,929 in 2024) 6,050 plus a free flying jib and free spar ($241,014 in 2024) _____
LONDON. The show was open for 140 days. On October 11, 1851 (attendance 53,000) it closed to the public; the two days following were for exhibitors and their families only and the closing ceremonies were held on the third day. 41 Fully expecting to be a financial loss, the six-month expo actually resulted in a profit of £186,000 (£33,221,702 in 2023) ($40,177,639). These funds were invested in cultural endeavors such as the Science Museum, Natural History Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum and still help to support those institutions to this day. The lifespan of the Crystal Palace at the Great Exposition was limited to six months. At the close of the Exposition, the structure was purchased by a group of local businessmen and was completely disassembled, actually enlarged, and rebuilt as a permanent facility in Sydenham, Kent, where it was used for 85 years until it was destroyed by fire on November 30, 1936. Unfortunately, it cost the new owners six times the original cost of the Palace to move it. The original London location was restored to its original park and the sparrows were allowed to return to the ‘twenty and five” giant Elm trees. ______________________________________________
Background on The Cup In legal terms, it is simply “The Cup,” in as much as that is the only reference in its Deed of Gift42.
Garrard’s 1848 Ewer In the second half of 1848 one of their regular customers, Royal Yacht Squadron (RYS) member Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, took fancy to a stock Sterling ewer “of little artistic value and no functional value” that was on the display shelves within the 29-31 Panton Street jewelers shop run by brothers Robert and Sebastian Garrard, R & S Garrard and Co. The 26 5/8-inch-tall ewer was part of a group of six pieces of similar design made by Garrard from 1848 to 1856. Paget purchased the 134-ounce silver piece “off the shelf” for approximately £100 (US$525) [£15,229/$20,276 in 2023] and soon donated it to the RYS for the Club to use as a future prize43 – in spite of the fact that Garrard’s 1848 Ewer did not bear any obvious nautical or seafaring design details and didn’t even have a bottom. The trophy became the (as yet un-awarded) “Royal Yacht Squadron Cup” until it was designated on May 9, 1851 as “the Cup given by the R. Y. S. to be sailed for by yachts of all nations,” or “Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns.” When awarded on August 22, 1851, the Cup had no engravings, and only bore the maker’s hallmarks. At some point after May 1852, it was (mistakenly) inscribed in the U. S. as the “100 Guinea Cup.” At the time of the event, the prize was touted as the “Cup of £100” (with “£” or “pound” equal to 20 shillings
39 For reasons unknown, Lord de Blaquiere could never get the performance out of America that the syndicate sailors could, especially after undertaking several illadvised modifications. 40 https://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation. 41 Bob McGlincy, Willwork Global Event Services. 42 The Cup was conveyed to the New York Yacht Club on July 8, 1857 by means of a Deed of Gift. (see The Deed in Compendium).
43
Reports over time had incorrectly suggested that the RYS commissioned the ewer, or that Paget purchased it as a prize for any particular event.
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(100 x 20 = 2000 shillings); but a “guinea” was worth 21 shillings (100 x 21 = 2100 shillings) and hadn’t actually even been in use as currency since 181344 (prior 38 years). Also, it should have never been referred to as “The Queen’s Cup;” Her Majesty’s Cup was a separate trophy altogether. That other trophy was donated by Queen Victoria, but to the Royal VICTORIA Yacht Squadron, and had already been awarded in a regatta four days earlier than America’s race, having been won by the Bacchante (Mr. B. H. Jones). Interestingly, that cup was correctly “a 100guinea prize,” but it had been restricted to R.V.Y.S. 50–100-ton Cutters. The mistake was likely due to a lapsus linguae (“slip of the tongue”) of Commodore Stevens during his speech at a dinner following their triumphal return to the States: “In the race for the Queen’s Cup, there were, I think, seventeen entries, most of which, I believe started.” 45 America had been initially entered to race for The Queen’s Cup of the Royal Victoria Yacht Squadron at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, just across from Portsmouth (but did not start). To add to the confusion, the route around the Isle of Wight was known as “The Queen’s Course.” But even the venerable New York Yacht Club that held the Cup for 132 years, incorrectly referred to the Cup’s defense races as “The Queen’s Cup” up through 1876. 4647 Although it is probably best known as “The America’s Cup” (in honor of the YACHT AMERICA, which first won the Cup, not the country of the United States of America, as some believe) it should most correctly be referred to as “America’s Cup” [i.e. belonging to the Yacht “America”] not “The America’s Cup.” America’s Cup Compendium therefore uses the term “America’s Cup” throughout, except when citing quotes exactly as originally written. 48 Under the Deed of Gift, The Cup transfers to the Yacht Club sponsoring the winning challenger, not the owners or sailors of the winning yacht. And that Club maintains possession as “Trustee of the Deed of Gift.” Since the passing of the last of the original grantors, all interpretations and legal questions regarding the Cup or the Deed can only be heard by the Supreme Court of the State of New York. As the winners of the Cup are only Trustees of the original deeded Cup, it could never be referred to or renamed as The New Zealand Cup or The Australian Cup. There have only been seven (7) trustees (6 Yacht Clubs) of the Cup since its inception. And “The Auld Mug” is not correctly America’s Cup, but rather technically applies to the Calcutta Cup, the rugby trophy contested by Scotland and England since 1879, although the term “Old Mug” had been used by Sir Thomas Lipton often during his quest for the Cup. Prior to the opening in 1901 of the New York Yacht Club clubhouse on W 44th Street in New York (and from time-to time thereafter), the Cup was kept in the vault or in a secure display case at the original Tiffany & Co. store at 15 Union Square, New York City.
44 Except for the purchase of horses.
45 See Appendix for entire text of Stevens’ speech.
46 There is a separate trophy correctly named “The Queen’s Cup” which is awarded by the New York Yacht Club during its Annual Squadron Cruise. The Cup was presented to the NYYC by Queen Elizabeth II in July 1953, however it has no connection to America’s Cup. 47 The earliest referral to “America’s Cup” was in the Newport Daily News on Oct. 20, 1871 [https://newspaperarchive.com/newport-daily-news-oct-20-1871-p-3/ 48 In a September 25, 1958 NYT article, they stated “Even in that brief moment when Columbia and Sceptre (it is sleazily vulgar to use an article before the name of a sailboat) were crossing….”
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Royal Yacht Squadron Cup of £100 - “America’s Cup” The Garrard 1848 Ewer (1848)
The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup (1848 -1851)
Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns (5/9/1851 - 8/22/1851)
Designer: Edmond Cotterill [1794-1860] (c. 1848) Studio: R & S Garrard & Co. (Hallmarked between May 1, 1848 and April 30, 1849) 29-31 Panton Street, London UK Commissioned: Garrard Store Stock item (1 of 6 made) Original Purchaser: Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768-1854) Original Awarder: Royal Yacht Squadron (5/9/1851)(as a non-perpetual or “Ordinary” trophy (i.e. one that winner keeps)) Original Cost: US$500 (£100) Height: 26 5/8 inches (68.58 cm) Width: (at center) 12 inches (30.48 cm) Circumference: 35.83 inches (91 cm) Width: (at base) 8 inches (20.32 cm) Weight: 134 oz. (3,752 grams) 11 pounds troy weight Figure 6 1848 RYS Ewer Liquid Capacity: ~0.5 Liter (in top section only; 1848-1901) Format: 0.925 Sterling silver cast spout section; Sterling silver holloware handle, upper and lower body, pedestal and applied chasing.
“Queen’s Cup”
(8/22/1851 – 1878) Incorrectly, but consistently referred to as the “Queen’s Cup” by original syndicate (1851-1857) and NYYC in awards of 1870, 1871 and 1876. (see Background – below)
America’s Cup (1878 -1958)
First Won: Schooner AMERICA owned by John Cox Stevens, Hamilton Wilkes, George Lee Schuyler, John Beekman Finlay and Edwin Augustus Stevens, (8/22/1851) Gifted to First Trustee: 7/8/1857 New York Yacht Club, Hoboken NJ (now as a “Perpetual Trophy”) Returned to Syndicate by NYYC (#1): (see The Deed - Book 2) Re-Deeded to NYYC: 2/2/1882 Returned to Syndicate by NYYC (#2): (see The Deed - Book 2) Re-Deeded to NYYC: 10/24/1887 Liquid Capacity: ~0.5 Liters (in top section only); 0 liters (1901-1997) First Plinth Added: 7 inches high 49 (17.78 cm) x 10.29 inches (at base) (1958 – by Tiffany & Co.) New Height: 31 5/8 inches (88.58 cm) New Weight: 134 + 66 = 200 oz. (5,670 grams)
America’s Cup (1958 - Present)
First Wood Base: (1983-1987 by RPYC), Mahogany, 11 inches x 11 inches x 2 1/4" inches (28 cm x 28 cm x 5.72 cm)
49
“net” height, not including approximately 7/16-inch integral raised lip to insert into base of original Cup.
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Second Plinth Added: 6.48 inches 50 (16.46 cm) x 12.25 inches (31.12 cm) [2001 - by Naylor Bros. for Garrard & Co.] New Weight: 200 + 66 = 266 oz. (7,541 grams) [17.4 kg 39.46 lbs.] Second Wood Base: (1987-2007 by RNZYS) “Jarrah Wood” 16.375 in x 16.375 in x 2.25 in (41.59 cm x 41.59 cm x 5.72 cm) Third Wood Base: (2007-2010 by SNG) natural-finish wood 16.375 in x 16.375 in x 2.25 in (41.59 cm x 41.59 cm x 5.72 cm) Fourth Base: (2010 by SNG) Carbon Fiber wrapped wood 16.375 in x 16.375 in x 2.25 in (41.59 cm x 41.59 cm x 5.72 cm) Liquid Capacity: ~0.5 Liter (in top section only) [during 1997 repairs] Carbon Fiber Base: [2010- present by GGYC) 2.12 inches (5.38 cm) high x 13.25 inches (33.66 cm) diameter (at base) (made by Janicki Industries/Core Builders] Second Plinth Replaced: (2018 – by Garrard & Co.) Old Second Plinth melted and re-made as Sterling Tube: (2019 by Dave Worral Jewellers, Auckland NZ) New Height: 44 1/8 inches (112.05 cm) New Width: (at base) 13.25 inches (33.66 cm)
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Descriptions of the Cup Over the course of the life of the Cup, there have been occasions that called for a written description of its form and features. “Sterling silver and in the form of an ewer 51, the much admired The America’s Cup boasts a classic yet timeless design. The cup has a rounded spread foot and a stem decorated with a bead band and geometric strapwork. The lower body is chased with pellets and further architectural strapwork enclosing burnished panels. The upper body is lobe fluted, each lobe engraved with an inscription and separated by masks and strapwork. The baluster neck is stippled and elaborately chased with foliate scrolls and anthemion motifs above a band of pellets, centered with flowerheads on a background of horizonal lines. A similar chased rim decorates the spout, and the ewer design is completed with a beaded double flying scroll and baluster handle.”
[From a description by Garrard & Co. Ltd at the time that the Cup was badly damaged by a Māori with a sledgehammer.]
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“Although a graceful specimen of silversmithing, suggesting the German hanaps of the seventeenth century, it is void of all symbolism, and there is nothing but the inscription to connect it to the sea.”
[From a published work (c.1897) Three Famous Silver Yachting Testimonials.]
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“VICTORIAN SILVER LARGE EWER R & S Garrard, London, 1857 [sic] The pillar and scroll beaded handle attached to a baluster neck with lobed and beaded curved spout decorated with masks, beadwork and bead and strapwork motif rising from a lobed inverted baluster body with a collar of reeded oval cabochons embellished with vine over lower panels interspersed by female masks above a panel body with strapwork and fruit motif over a beaded and leaf-cast foot with cabochon 52 flanked by strapwork panels; base stamped R&S Garrard Panton St. London. Height: 27 ¾ inches. Note: This model used for the “America’s Cup trophy beginning in 1851”
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[from Southby’s Authentication of Ted Turner’s Ewer]
“The ewer’s handle and decorative motifs (top to bottom)53 The top C-scroll handle shows a half-penny snub-end (that's the way the scroll ends) and stylized strap ornament panels. This C-scroll is also attached to a straight handle with a finial that connects the third C-scroll of the ewer; Small S-scroll with 5 beads on the outside, attached to larger C-scroll, which is attached to the baluster body part of the ewer; _____ “The ewer’s body and decorative motifs (top to bottom)
50
Id.
51 The Cup is considered an “ewer” because of the inclusion of the handle.
52 53
A gemstone that has been shaped and polished – but not faceted. Original list was from “bottom to top” – it has been reversed by the Authors for clarity and consistency.
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Larger ring featuring strap ornament of stylized flowers, alternating lily (or fleur-de-lys) and daisy on a black/nielloed background The spout is attached to this last ring: It features some stylized flower motifs (fleur-de-lys?) applied as cast motifs. Around the spout’s neck is a fret of flowers (side view of three petals) alternating with a triangle pointing down. Two plain rings, one thin, one taller and convex; High Baluster form ring with strap ornament featuring stylized leaves, flowers (with 8 petals), finials and a grotesque male mask with long beard and crown; One smooth-surface ring; Another Martelé 54 surface (to which is attached the lower part of the S-scroll handle), on which is placed a skinny concave ring with a nielloed55 surface, most of which is covered with 12 medallions depicting a heraldic cross with a knob or roundel terminating the limbs, surrounded by stylized C-scrolled leaves on a vertically lined surface; Largest part and center of the ewer – a bulbous body consisting of 6 body parts (generally made through repoussé work); In-between the bulbous body are placed grotesque female busts, applied as cast motifs [all the same faces]; Ornament features flower with 12 petals (chrysanthemum); High concave ring of fluting alternated with stylized strap work/ornament (a decorative motif from the 16th c. that originated in Antwerp, revived in the late 19th c. mostly in architecture: in modern terms it is also called "prismatic ornament"); Bulbous large ring of medallions interlaced with stylized flowers (sunflowers); Stylized leaves with scrolls (or scrolled volute?); One smooth layer of high neck section with no décor; One beaded fret; Stylized leaves and tongue fret; Wide rim of appliques; Large smooth layer divided into four [sic - three] sections with no décor; (Plinth 1).” [From Description of SSL ewer]
“The original 1848 trophy is a sterling silver ewer (“large jug with wide mouth”) with Arabesque ornamentation. It stands 26 5/8 inches (68.58 cm) high, is 36 inches in circumference and consists of approximately 134 oz. (3,799 grams) of 0.925 sterling silver. The original pedestal has a diameter of 8 inches. Above that for 3 inches the diameter is 1 ½ inches it then spreads into a bulb of 6 inches diameter. A couple of inches above is the main reservoir of the vessel which spreads to a diameter of a foot (circumference of some 36 inches) and would hold at least a gallon if there were any bottom to the ewer. Above the main bulb is a neck of about a foot, topped, “to use a homely comparison, with a spout like that of a molasses pitcher.” A large handle like that on some teapots which, if stretched out straight would be two feet long completes the ewer. The only ornaments on the vessel that are at all symbolic or illustrative are the six female heads at the points of contact of the six burnished “shields (for inscriptions) on the main bulb. Around the ewer, above the main bulb is a circle of Arabesque studs. The original trophy bears the maker’s stamp and English hallmark and weighs 8.375 pounds. The original trophy did not have a wood base. Not everyone accepted the beauty of the Cup: “Boston artists declare that the cup is a marvel of artistic abortion. ‘Whenever I catch a glimpse of that ugly old silver challenge cup,” said one recently, “I feel that the next best thing to owning it and hiding it in Tiffany’s safe so that it could not possibly be exhibited year after year, as it now is, would be to melt it down and convert it into something really beautiful. Look at the handsome trophies that are offered and compare them with the America’s! There is the Gould Cup, the Goelet, the Astor, the Cape May, the Brenton Reef and the two Bennett trophies, all costly and beautiful. They are works of art, merry Bacchanalian suggestions. But this staid old thing is absolutely gloomy.’ The yacht club might point out, however, that the Gould Cup cost $10,000 it was raced for just once and has never since been heard of. While all the others bear somewhat the same relation to the America’s Cup as do the chorus girls who carry a wand to the star actress.”
[Salt Lake Herald: Sunday September 10, 1899, page 16 Story of the America’s Cup]
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The Garrard 1848 Ewer was produced near the end of the Victorian era, named after the period of Queen Victoria’s reign in England (1837-1901). The piece was likely a design from Edmond Cotterill (1794-1860), a sculptor and head of the design department at R & S Garrard. It embodies a typical design of eclecticism, sourced mainly from the Renaissance. Eclecticism was a manner of combining diverse historic, naturalistic and exotic styles and mixing them with a creative approach to reflect stylistic diversity. This diversity, featuring its own definite and original style representative of the Victorian era, is visible in the design, the construction and the
54 55
French “hammered” A black compound of sulfur with silver, lead, or copper, used for filling in engraved designs in silver or other metals.
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application of decorative motifs on the ewer. The Victorian era culminated with the Great Exhibition of 1851, that same year that this silver ewer was presented as a winning prize for the race won by America.
Abundance of silver in the Earth’s crust is 0.08 parts per million – almost the same as that of mercury. Despite the growing mass production during the mid-nineteenth century, along with the growing industrialization, English silver remained at a general high standard of craftsmanship. It is significant also to point out that despite the many technological and technical advancements and new construction techniques, especially the silver-plating of a lower standard of “imitation silver” for the mass market, Garrard’s 1848 Ewer was conceived in Sterling. “Sterling” is the quality standard of the minimum fineness of 0.925 silver (925/1000) - an alloy of 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper mixed with nickel. This denotes that the ewer was not just an ordinary machinemade cup of that time, but one that was hand-crafted of the highest quality and was therefore unique.
Quality, Hallmarks and the Goldsmiths’ Hall Since the 13th century, assuring the purity and quality of silver was an issue in the realm of both coins and silver wares. A brief history of the English laws concerning gold and silver, from 1238 through now, are shown below. These were excerpted from the “History of Hallmarking” by The Goldsmiths’ Company. •
•
“In 1238 Henry III made the earliest attempt at regulating the standard of…silver wares, passing an order commanding the mayor and aldermen of the City of London to choose six or more discreet goldsmiths of the City to superintend the craft. The standards of fineness for gold and silver were also stipulated. [‘De auro fabricando in Vivitate Londoniarum’, Close Rolls, 22 Henry III]. In 1300, Edward I tried to prevent frauds being committed by goldsmiths ordering that “Guardians of the craft” go from ‘shop to shop’ to assay work and apply the leopard’s head mark. Silver had to be of Sterling standard (92.5%):
The hallmarks are affixed by an Assayer, an independent official who guarantees the metal content of an item on behalf of a country’s government. The marks are legal stamps proving the metal has been tested and is of the quality stated. Figure 7 Goldsmiths' Hallmark Swan Neck and Straight Punches
‘No goldsmith… shall from henceforth make or cause to be made any manner of vessel, jewel or any other thing of gold or silver except it be of the true alloy … and that no manner of vessel of silver depart out of the hands of the workers, until further, that it be marked with the leopard’s head’. [28 Edw. I c.20] • •
A 1363 law established the requirement to identify the maker. The “maker’s mark” was now required to be alongside the leopard’s head [37 Edw. III c.7] 1478 made the Goldsmiths’ Company specifically responsible for the “Keeper of the Touch” liable for penalties for his misdoings, and provided for a differentiation between old and new plate by adding a new mark showing the leopard’s head with a crown [17 Edw. IV c.1]
With the prime elements of marking in place: the leopard’s head, the maker’s mark, and the date letter, Goldsmiths’ Hall became the home of a permanent assay office – thus the term “Hallmark.” • •
1544 The Lion passant guardant (facing the viewer) came into use. 1576 The silver standard was confirmed as Sterling [18 Eliz. C.15]. Goldsmiths’ Company became the “Keeper of the Troy Weights” – the standard measurement of weight for gold and silver.
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•
•
1697 saw folks melting down silver coins to meet the demand for silver plate. To protect the coin supply, the standard for silver plate was raised to 95.84% pure silver. This resulted in the lion’s head being eliminated and a seated figure of Britannia replacing the crowned leopard’s head. The maker’s mark was also changed from initials to the first two letters of the maker’s surname. A 1720 statute reinstituted the old sterling standard, and a tax 56 was added on silver plate. [6 Geo. I c.11]” 57
In 1722 George Wickes (see Garrard & Company below) registered his mark with Goldsmiths’ Hall and set up business on Panton Street. 58 • • • • •
“But in 1739, there was total confusion over maker’s marks, and they were all ordered destroyed and new marks registered with their initials and a new style of lettering.” In 1757 it became a felony, punishable by death, to counterfeit a hallmark [31 Geo. II c.32] 1784 The earlier tax on silver was difficult to collect and had been abandoned, but Parliament re-imposed a duty on silver and as a result added a new hallmark – the sovereign’s head or “duty mark.” [24 Geo. III c.53] The direction of the head on the Duty Mark changed from facing left to facing right in 1786. Goldsmiths were entitled to a duty tax rebate for silver exported from England. To indicate that the rebate had been paid, yet another mark – a standing figure of Britannia was introduced – but was withdrawn on 24 July 1785 after only seven months because of complaints that stamping finished goods was causing damage.
1786 saw complaints of the high cost of the punches (six shillings or 30p each) and the date punches (two shillings and sixpence (or 12 1/2 p each). 59 • •
1822 The leopard’s head lost its crown and the lion passant ceased to be guardant60 and faced to the left. It is believed that the marks were changed without public notice in order to catch forgers. 1844 Continual worries about the forging of hallmarks were reflected in the penalties laid down for the forging of dies and marks, the possession of fraudulent articles without just cause and for making alterations to wares which had already been assayed and marked.” 61
Garrard’s 1848 Ewer was assayed and stamped by Goldsmiths’ Hall (The Gilda Aurifabrorum) at Foster Lane and Gresham Street in London in 1848 and bears the following five British hallmarks: The Maker’s (Sponsor’s) Mark Composed of either a symbol or initials of the maker, the Maker’s Mark denotes precisely who, when and where a piece was made. This is stamped by the maker himself upon completion. Garrard’s 1848 Ewer bears maker’s mark of Robert Garrard, “R.G.” in script under a crown; this appears in two places – below the spout and on the face of the foot of the ewer. 62 Figure 8
Figure 9
56 57
58 59 60 61 62
The Town Mark Town Mark corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece. As there are a large number of these offices, the use of a published reference guide is often necessary, but briefly: London – Leopard head front-facing. If crowned item was before 1820; uncrowned thereafter 63. Birmingham - Anchor. Sheffield – Crown. Exeter – Castle with three towers. Newcastle – three castles. Edinburgh – Castle, similar to Exeter but with towers closer together. – Garrard’s 1848 Ewer bears a leopard’s head - uncrowned designating London/after 1820 (1848). Again, these appear twice on the ewer.
Tax amount was 6d (2.5p) per troy ounce in 1720. The Goldsmiths’ Company www.assayofficelondon.co.uk/about-us/history-of-hallmarking and other sources. Crown Jewelers in 1843 – held 150 years https://archive.org/details/Garrards1721-1911/broadley-a-garrard%27s-1912-RTL009894-LowRes/mode/2up . Maurice Ridgway - Chester Silver 1727 1837 Phillmore & Co Ltd., 1985 p29. Animal body sideways, face toward the viewer. Ibid. Goldsmiths’.
So why were there duplicate marks on the ewer? Well, the MM, TM, SM and DL were stamped on both the upper section at the spout and on the foot of the ewer because the ewer is actually two pieces of Sterling – the separation occurring at the sleeve connection at the top of the stem where it enters the lower body of the ewer; the stem and foot being a separable piece. The Duty was paid on the entire piece and therefore only appeared once – at the hallmarks at the spout. 63 The marks were changed without public announcement in 1822, with the hope of catching forgers.
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The Standard Mark The Standard Mark is the hallmark for the quality of the metal: The Walking Lion 64 (England), The Standing Lion (Edinburgh), The Thistle (Glasgow), The Crowned Harp (Dublin) (Sterling 92.5% silver) and the symbol of Britannia Standard Silver (95.8%). Garrard’s 1848 Ewer shows the Walking Lion passant indicating Sterling silver (0.925) appear twice on the piece. Figure 10
[Although it did not appear on the original Ewer, the advent of Replacement Plinth 2 in 2018 added the “Millesimal fineness” hallmark – the numbers 925 in an oval, and the date letter mark “t”.]
Figure 11
The Date Letter Mark A Date Letter Mark, which identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office. Was not used before 1697. Unfortunately, the system – “a letter for each year” – became repetitive, and the cycle of letters was different for each assay office. Different styles of fonts and capital were used by different groups.” 65 Again, this requires consultation of a reference guide.– Garrard’s 1848 Ewer shows the letter “N” for the Guild Years 1848-49. 66
Figure 12
The Duty Mark The duty mark, certifying the payment of duty (this mark was used in the period of 1784 to 1890). Garrard’s 1848 Ewer bears a sovereign’s head, in this case Queen Victoria (1819-1901). The tax was eliminated in 1890, and with that repeal the duty mark disappeared from use. The Duty Mark only appears on the spout of the Ewer. When a silversmith completed his piece, it would be brought to the Assay Office for a verification that the quality of the item met the rigid standard to be designated as “Sterling.” So seriously did the assayers take their responsibility that if a presented piece did not meet those standards, it was “immediately cut or broken up into pieces in front of witnesses and returned to the silversmith.”
Figure 13
The Silversmiths The Garard 1848 Ewer has only been entrusted to a very few silversmiths in its 176 years. For its entire existence, only six silversmiths have worked on the Cup. In order of time, these were:
History of Garrard and Company [est. 1722] (1722) Threadneedle Street, London, UK [GPS.: Lat.: 51.513954, Long.: -0.086415] (1735) 29-31 Panton Street, London, UK [GPS.: Lat.: 51.5090667, Long.: -0.131337] (1909) Albemarle Street, London, UK [GPS.: Lat.: 51.509961, Long.: -0.143102] (1843) Named Crown Jewelers – designation held for 150 years https://archive.org/details/Garrards1721-1911/broadley-a-garrard%27s-1912-RTL009894-LowRes/mode/2up
Ties to America’s Cup:
(1848-1862) Created a series of six Sterling Ewers – one of which became America’s Cup. (1983) Cup returned to Garrard for “authentication” following the win by Australia II. (1997) Cup shipped to Garrard for reconstruction following the sledgehammer attack in Auckland. (2001) Second Plinth added by Garrard to allow more room for engraving of winning yachts.
64 65
Facing left lion passant guardant. Gold.co.uk/info/silver-hallmarks. (2023).
66
The British silversmiths worked under a “Guild Year” which ran from about May to April, so the “1848” date of the Cup could have been as early as May 1st, 1848 or as late as April 30th, 1849.
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(2018) Agreed, then refused to melt down the 2001 Plinth to allow for a total remake. Did however create a new, replacement Second Plinth.
The company that was to become Garrard & Co. was founded by George Wickes (1698–1761), who registered his mark in Goldsmiths' Hall in 1722. Wickes set up business on Threadneedle Street in the City of London in 1722; the company moved to 29-31 Panton Street off Haymarket in central London in 1735 as a goldsmith and provider of jewelry and other luxury items to aristocratic patrons. Wickes was an accomplished silversmith known for his work in the rococo style, and gained the patronage of Frederick, Prince of Wales as its first royal commission. Two apprentices of Wickes, John Parker and Edward Wakelin, purchased the company following Wickes' retirement in 1760, replaced by John Wakelin and William Taylor in 1776. Following the death of William Taylor, Robert Garrard became a partner in the company in 1792. Garrard took sole control of the firm in 1802, with his sons Robert Garrard II, James and Sebastian succeeding him in running the company, trading as R., J., & S. Garrard (or Robert Garrard & Brothers) until James' retirement in 1835, when the company became R & S Garrard. Between 1848 and 1862, Garrard created six very similar Sterling ewers for stock in their Panton Street retail store. One of the 1848 ewers, likely made by Garrard’s Edmund Cotterill, was purchased by the only person to ever own the Cup outright - Henry William Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey (1768-1854) who bought it “off the shelf” from R & S Garrard and Co., 29-31 Panton Street, London for approximately £100 (US$525.) and then donated it to the Royal Yacht Squadron for use as a future prize. It was not purchased specifically for any particular race and was not actually selected for award until a meeting several years later on May 9, 1851. It then became known simply as “The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup” - the 26 5/8-inch-tall, 134-ounce Sterling wine ewer was part of a group of the six pieces of similar design “of little artistic and no functional value.” In accordance with practice at the time, the prize would be kept by the winner, instead of “in trust” as perpetual trophy. After its Club assignment as the prize for the August 22nd 1851 race, it became properly referred to as the “RYS Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns.” At the time the Cup bore no inscriptions or markings other than nine stamped “hallmarks” attesting to its maker and quality. •
1890 saw the tax on silver plate withdrawn and with it the sovereign’s head mark disappeared. [53&54 Vic. c.8]
The name Garrard & Company Ltd was registered in 1909, and the company moved to new premises in Albemarle Street in central London in 1911. In 1929 the company was called Goldsmiths & Silversmiths Co. Ltd. The company remained in the hands of the Garrard family until the death of Sebastian Henry Garrard, great-grandson of Robert Garrard, Sr., in 1946. On June 3, 1953, the company name was officially changed to Garrard & Co. Limited. Garrard was bought by Prince Jefri Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei’s younger brother in 1995 for £243,000,000 and merged forming Asprey & Garrard ($20m – $30m). Robert Procop became CEO. (Combined companies became an in-house store - catering to whatever the prince wanted). On January 18, 2001 the firm became Asprey & Garrard Holdings (UK) Limited. February 2006 Asprey & Garrard became “technically insolvent” despite $500m poured in by its four biggest investors: Tommy Hilfiger, Lawrence Stroll, and Silas Chou’s Sportswear Holdings, along with Edgar Bronfman, Jr.’s SBS Partners - a Morgan Stanley private equity unit of the TAG Group (the holding company of the Ojjeh family). The firm was handed over to their main creditor, HSBC who broke the company in two – Garrard was acquired by American billionaire Ronald Wayne Burkle, where it remains to date, and Asprey was sold to a pair of American private equity firms. March 20, 2006 Garrard bought by Yucaipa Companies (Ron Burkle). Procop became Garrard’s managing partner. Garrard’s participation in the care and maintenance of the Cup was generally curtailed during its possession by the Schuyler Syndicate and later the New York Yacht Club who deferred to the their nearby famed Tiffany & Co. But in 1997, Garrard was tasked with the restoration of the Cup after the sledgehammer attack in Auckland, New Zealand, and in 2001, Garrard was commissioned by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron to create a new plinth to accommodate the names of future Cup winners. (See complete stories and details later in Compendium) September 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeeHwYp927Q&t=2s “Garrard” Engraving the America’s Cup” [4:16]
History of Tiffany & Co. [est. 1837] (1940) 727 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10022 [GPS. Lat. 40.762708, Long. -73.973912]
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(1905) 401 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY [GPS. Lat. (1869) 15 Union Square West [GPS. Lat. 40.735899, Long. -73.991700] (1853) 550 Broadway [GPS. Lat. (1847) 271 Broadway [GPS. Lat. (1837) 259 Broadway NYC [GPS.: Lat.: 40.713601, Long.:-74.007024]
Ties to America’s Cup:
(1851-1983) Became the safe repository for the Cup and provided engraving, polishing and maintenance. (c1930) Repaired the Cup following an accident event by a cleaning crew at NYYC. (1958) Designed and created the First Plinth as an extension to the Cup to allow future engraving. (1876-1992) Designed and created at least twelve AC-related major sailing trophies including the Goelet Cups, the Newport Citizen’s Cup, the Citizen Cup, and the Astor Cups.
Upon return to New York City in 1851, the members of the America syndicate turned to their famed jeweler/neighbor, Tiffany & Co. to attend to the secure storage, polishing, repairs and engraving of what was now the “RYS Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns” that was won by their schooner America on August 22. Between 1851 and the opening of their resplendent New York Yacht Club clubhouse in 1901 – and actually for some time thereafter – Tiffany held the Ewer in their vaults or on secure display at their stores. Receipts included herein evidence the deposit and withdrawal of the Cup from the safes at Tiffany. In 1958, to allow for engraving of inscriptions of the winning teams, a 66-ounce, first-tier Sterling silver plinth 17.78 cm- (7.00 inch-) high and 26.14 cm (10.29 inches) in bottom diameter, was added by Tiffany & Co. (New York, NY). This made the trophy 31 5/8 inches (88.58 cm) high, again with no wood base.” Tiffany & Co. maintained the trophy until September 1983, when it was lost to the Royal Perth Yacht Squadron in Australia.
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Tiffany & Co. is perhaps the best-known, large-scale jeweler in the world. Established in 1837 in a time of economic upsurge, and with a $1,000 loan from his father from profits in a cotton mill, Charles Lewis Tiffany, age 25, and John B. Young founded a stationery store at 259 Broadway67 at the corner of Warren Street (City Hall Park) (GPS Lat. 40.713536; Long. 74.007034) in New York, NY, USA. Known as “Tiffany & Young,” the business became “Tiffany, Young & Ellis” in 1841 with the addition of partner J. Lewis Ellis. By 1848, the company had relocated a number of times due to rapid growth and had developed their own line of silverware and jewelry which had not been carried in their stores previously. Their new business plan included sending buyers to Europe constantly looking for the best in European silverware and diamond jewelry. During that time, “political disturbances” in Paris resulted in the price of diamonds dropping by almost half of their value which allowed Tiffany, Young & Lewis to heavily invest their assets in the discounted gems.
Co 1837 Figure 14 Tiffany & Co. 1837
Having seen great success in their diamond purchases, Tiffany expanded their rare gem buys – soon becoming a larger buyer than “the next nine largest buyers combined.” 68 Massive purchases in 1848 included jewelry worn by Marie Antoinette and the Hungarian Prince Esterhazy. In 1887 they acquired more than one-third of the French Crown Jewels.
The company developed a solid continental market when, in 1850, they hired Gideon French Thayer Reed away from Lincoln & Reed jewelers in Boston, and created their first European store – Tiffany, Reed & Co. - at 79 Rue Richelieu, Paris (GPS Lat. 48.869386; Long. 2.338411). Having a full presence in France allowed them to take advantage of changes in the industry on both continents. In 1851, master silversmith Edward Chandler Moore joined Tiffany, Young & Ellis as an “independent, outside craftsman” and began creating “presentation pieces.” Moore joined the firm in 1868 as its chief designer.
67
In “an old-fashioned double dwelling house.”
68 NYHH Tiffany & Co. Advantages and the Building of Success 02-03-2015.
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1853 saw the name of the firm officially change to Tiffany & Co. Tiffany & Co. became the first American firm to ever be recognized for silver production when they won the Grand Prize at the 1867 World’s Fair. Gilded Age 1870 -1900 Between 1870 and 1900, America saw a period of growth in wages and prosperity. Gilded Age was a term “coined by Mark Twain for the time between the end of the Reconstruction Era and the Progressive Era.” 69 With the beginning of the “Gilded Age” in the 1870s, Tiffany’s, called “the palace of jewels” by the New York Times, catered to the wealthiest New Yorkers including the Vanderbilt, Astor, Morgan and Post families. Architect John Kellum designed their new building located at 15 Union Square West (GPS. Lat. 40.735899; Long. -73.991700) at a cost of $500,000. Tiffany called it home from 18701906. During this time, the New York Yacht Club (NYYC) stored their prized possession – America’s Cup – in Tiffany’s vaults and often placed it on display in the Union Square show window. NYYC generally limited its removal of the Cup from the security of Tiffany’s for special club dinners and receptions. The 27 5/8-inch-high Sterling silver Ewer had been won on August 22, 1851 by the yacht America for a race around the Isle of Wight in England. Not originally a Tiffany commission (the Cup was the work of silversmith Robert Garrard of London in 1848) over the years Tiffany housed, maintained, polished and generally held the Cup for the Club. Famed Architects McKim, Mead & White were hired to design a new, seven-story building inspired by a 16th century Venetian palace. 1851 The Tiffany & Co. silver studio was the first American school of design. Apprentices were encouraged to observe and sketch nature, and to explore the vast collections of books and artwork assembled by Edward C. Moore, the celebrated silversmith and Chief of the Design Department. By 1870, Tiffany & Co. had become America’s premier silversmith and purveyor of jewels and timepieces. At the turn of the 20th century, Tiffany & Co. opened stores in London and Paris, furthering its global influence. Tiffany was the first American company to institute the .925 Sterling silver standard, which was later adopted by the United States. The Tiffany & Co. Hollowware Division is located in Cumberland, RI USA. Famous newspaper photo of three women admiring America’s Cup displayed in Tiffany & Co.’s 5th Avenue Store on September 19, 1934. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/girls-are-crowding-around-the-window-of-tiffanys-jewellery-news-photo/105214435
Yacht Racing Throughout the 19th century, sponsors commissioned Tiffany to create elaborate trophies. Tiffany created exceptional yachting trophies. Decorated with curling waves, nymphs, mermaids and dolphins, the trophies recall the pageantry surrounding the great ocean races of the time. Among the era’s most richly embellished yachting trophies are the legendary Goelet Cups. These were commissioned by Ogden Goelet, a prominent member of the New York Yacht Club who made Newport, Rhode Island synonymous with yachting. Today, the New York Yacht Club is home to 25 yachting trophies designed and handcrafted by Tiffany & Co. The House also creates powerboat racing trophies for the Gold Challenge Cup and sailing trophies for the Cape May Challenge Cup, the Citizen Cup and the International Cup. Tiffany pioneered the marking and use of the .925 (Sterling silver alloy) in the mid-19th century. The 15 Union Square address on the Tiffany touch mark and the pattern number 1970 indicates that it was made in the 1865 to 1870 period. The M touch marks indicate it was designed and fabricated by William Moore, silversmith who later became a part owner of Tiffany and Company.
69 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age.
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Tiffany’s legendary “Makers”— the skilled craftspeople at its hollowware workshop in Cumberland, Rhode Island—bring over 65 varieties of trophies to life each year in addition to the hundreds of other designs they also produce there. These artisans still use the same tools and techniques from the mid-19th-century, such as chisel-engraved roller dies, spring hammering, repoussé, chasing, planishing and more, when creating these bespoke creations. Each trophy is stamped with “T & CO MAKERS,” a T-shaped planishing hammer and other hallmarks that nod to the Makers’ metalworking heritage. A unique pattern number, a tradition that dates to the earliest days of Tiffany’s silver-crafting heritage, is also added to each trophy. Tiffany & Co. first opened its doors in 1837, when Charles Lewis Tiffany and his partner John B. Young decided to take advantage of a strong economy by starting a business. But their vision did not include the diamonds and platinum that we think of today; instead, Tiffany originally opened as a "stationery and fancy goods emporium," and was known as Tiffany, Young, and Ellis. It wasn't until 16 years later that the name of the business was officially changed to Tiffany & Co. Along with the name change came the shift in focus from selling stationery items to jewelry. By the time of the Gilded Age in the 1870s, the retailer saw a sharp rise in business and was subsequently dubbed the "palace of jewels" by The New York Times. New York City's wealthiest families, including the Vanderbilts, Morgans, Astors and Posts, soon came to patronize the firm, cementing its status as New York's premier jewelry house.
Figure 15 Chas. Lewis Tiffany
It was also around this period when Tiffany made a name for itself in the realm of silver. In fact, the company’s first international recognition was due to its silver production — it was at the 1867 Paris World’s fair where Tiffany was awarded the grand prize for silver craftsmanship. It was the first American silver firm to have been so honored by a foreign jury.
It was also around this period when Tiffany made a name for itself in the realm of silver. In fact, the company’s first international recognition was due to its silver production — it was at the 1867 Paris World’s fair where Tiffany was awarded the grand prize for silver craftsmanship. It was the first American silver firm to have been so honored by a foreign jury.
In 1885 Tiffany redesigned the Great Seal of the United States. It appears on the dollar bill to this day and enables everyone to carry a Tiffany design in their wallets. Many trophies were presented to America's Cup captains by various individuals for various reasons but there are only four other trophies known that were given by The New York Yacht Club (the official America's Cup defending Club) to the winning captain or syndicate leaders. The list of other America's Cup-related trophies presented by the New York Yacht Club include:
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1. 1876 Presented to John S. Dickerson for the Yacht Madeleine (in private hands) 2. 1886 Presented to General Paine for the Yacht Mayflower (in the collection of NYYC) 3. 1887 Presented to General Paine for the Yacht Volunteer (in the collection of the NYYC) 4. 1895 Presented to the owners70 of Yacht Defender (in the Collection of Mystic Seaport) 5. 1899 Presented to C. Oliver Iselin of the Yacht Colombia (in the collection of Mystic Seaport) 6. 1930 Sir Thomas Lipton Loving Cup 7. 1893 Goelet Cup for Schooners 8. 1893 Goelet Cup for Sloops 9. 1893 Astor Cups 10. 1887 Newport Citizen’s Cup 11. 1951 100 Year Anniversary Commemorative Bowl in the collection of RYS 12. 1992 Citizen’s Cup The first 2 listed trophies are illustrated and described in Volume II and the 3 & 4th are illustrated in Volume III in the books titled "The Holy Grail of Yachting: The Art and Artifacts of the America's Cup" by Alan Granby and Janice Hyland 15 Tiffany Advertisement for Yacht Figure 16 Trophies
From 2018 to 2022, Tiffany & Co. renovated their 727 Fifth Avenue building, adding an all-glass, three story “event space” with a wraparound outdoor terrace on the top floors of the location. Architects for the project were OMA partners (addition) and CallisonRTKL (interior renovation.)
History of Mazzucchelli’s 71 [est. 1912]
M22, Carillon City, 207 Murray Street, Perth Western Australia 6000 [GPS.: Lat.: -31.95635. Long.: 115.858943]
Ties to America’s Cup
(9/1983-2/1987) Maintained and engraved America’s Cup while in the hands of the Royal Perth Yacht Club of Australia. These likely included modifications to “The Bolt” and installation of the first-ever wood base and Perspex enclosure for the Cup.
Mazzucchelli’s is a large retail jeweler located in Perth, Australia since 1903. Similar to the USA-based Tiffany & Co. The company’s published history reads as follows: 1859: Joseph Mazzucchelli, an Italian from the village of Poschiavo in Switzerland, arrived in Victoria, Australia in search of gold. 1876: Joseph’s son, Matthew was born in Stawell, Victoria and trained in the district as a watchmaker and jeweller for 8 years. 1898: Matthew married the daughter of a sprinting champion ('Honest' George Cronk) moved to Coolgardie, and then Boulder in the Kalgoorlie region (WA) soon after. 1903: Watchmaker Matthew Mazzucchelli and jeweler Sam Downes opened the ‘Golden Doors’ on the first ever store in Lane St, Boulder WA, South-East of Kalgoorlie. 1905: The store moved to Hannan St, where the clock from location keeps trams running on time. (The clock survives to this day at the Kalgoorlie Goldfields Museum). 1912: Sam Downes departs the partnership to set up his own business in Albany, WA. Mazzucchelli & Downes, becomes simply ‘Mazzucchelli’s'. 1920: The Mazzucchelli’s family move from Kalgoorlie, to open their first store in Perth (Old Central Arcade, Hay St). 1920-1996: The business thrived and grew, opening stores across numerous locations across Western Australia, including many that continue to trade to this day, including Carousel (1972) and Garden City (1984). 1983-1987: Mazzucchelli’s was tasked from time to time by the Royal Perth Yacht Squadron, to polish and otherwise maintain America’s Cup while it was in their possession (9/27/83 - 2/13/1987). Bruce Jackson, a Kiwi working for the Australian firm, polished the Cup soon after it was won by Australia.
70 Owners of Defender: William K. Vanderbilt Syndicate, C. Oliver Iselin and J. P. Morgan. 71 Editor’s Note: Despite numerous attempts to obtain further information from Mazzucchelli’s, we were unable to find anyone remaining in the organization who had knowledge of their work on America’s Cup. This is apparently due to a change in ownership over the years. The interaction of with Mazzucchelli’s is however mentioned several times in news reports following the win by RPYS in 1983. Research continues.
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1996: Mazzucchelli’s was purchased by Adelaide-based Sheppard’s Jewellers, which evolved to become The Jewellery Group. 2007: Quadrant Private Equity purchased The Jewellery Group. 2011: M Suresh Group purchased The Jewellery Group. 2019: Mazzucchelli’s celebrates 115 years of precious moments, memories, friends, colleagues and family. Present Day: Mazzucchelli’s continues to hold a special place in the hearts of its customers across the country. “Since opening our ‘golden doors’ in 1903, Mazzucchelli’s has grown across five States and Territories. The secret to our success has been a philosophy built upon this history – that there is a special something within everyone’s means, something that will forever reflect those special moments in life. And we continue this tradition, reflected in the same two passions from where we started – diamonds and timepieces.” 72
History of Biro and Sons [est. 1977]
1160 Folsom St., San Francisco CA [GPS.: Lat.: 37.7754860, Long.: 122.409428] Ties to America’s Cup (2010-2017) Maintained the Cup while in the possession of Golden Gate Yacht Club, and installed the Oracle-inspired carbon-fiber base that still adorns the Cup to this date.
Biro & Sons (1977), third-generation silversmiths, are based in San Francisco, CA USA, the result of a merger of M&H/Burridge Company silversmiths and is still led by 91-year-old father Alex and run by sons Martin (1977) and Rick (1985). Oracle’s choice of Biro was based on numerous high recommendations from major San Francisco jewelers such as Shreve, Crump & Low due to their specialization in restoration of fine custom silver pieces and trophies in their 4,500 square foot facility. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uUisPfHTC8 In February 1987, working with Biro & Sons, Master Engraver Arthur “Art” Jameson, [Art Jameson Jewelry Engraving, Fifth Avenue & Broadway, San Diego], hand-engraved the 1987 San Diego Yacht Club win onto the 1958 (Plinth 1) of the Cup. In 1988, Jameson again engraved the winning statistics after the victory by Stars & Stripes. And on the morning of May 15, 1995, Arthur “Art” Jameson, hand-engraved the New Zealand 1995 win onto the 1958 (Plinth 1) of the Cup. The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron had been so impressed with Jameson’s work, they had him perform the job one last time. Mr. Jameson died 5 Nov 2009 at the age of 84.
History of Dave Worral Jewellers Ltd. [est. 2005]
55 Shorthand Street, Remueda (East Auckland) [GPS.: Lat.:-36.847233, Long.: 174.768615]
Ties to America’s Cup (2005-present
RNZYS returned to Auckland silversmith [David Stanley Worrall, Dave Worrall Jewellers Ltd., Remueda (East Auckland) NZ] who agreed to melt down the 2001 plinth and the three Sterling silver pieces of the original Cup that were removed and replaced during the repairs after the sledgehammer attack in 1997. Worrall had prior experience with RNZYS and had been caring for the routine maintenance and polishing duties for the Cup since its original arrival in New Zealand in 2005
History of Nayler Brothers Silversmiths Limited [est. 1908]
23 Albemarle Street, London UK [GPS.: Lat: 51.510071; Long.: 0.142924]
In 2002, Garrard was called upon by Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron to fabricate a new Sterling silver plinth for America’s Cup. At the time, Garrard was part of the Asprey & Garrard Group who also owned nearby Nayler Brothers. The work was subsequently done by Nayler Brothers (Factory 1) Silversmiths Ltd.
72
Although we attempted numerous contacts with this firm, the only response regarding the Cup was that the company had been sold in the past and that no records existed, nor are there any former employees of that era available for verification.
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Established by Alfred Walter Nayler in 1908 and registered in 1909 with a shop on Broadwick Street, London, he was joined by his brother William Edwin Nayler in 1909 acting as Nayler Brothers. Later active as Nayler Brothers (Silversmiths) Ltd.
Figure 16 Naylor Brothers trademark
The modern Nayler Brothers (“Factory 1”) Silversmiths was founded in September 1961 and was a part of the Asprey & Company Limited and was, at times, known as GSM Manufacturing Limited. Operated with trademark FOLGATE. The company was last active in March 2008 and was dissolved in June 2009. 73
_______
While we are discussing Silversmiths, two other, associated trophies – the 1983 Louis Vuitton Cup (see THE LOUIS VUITTON SPONSORSHIP ERA (1983 -2017) section later in The Cups) and the 2024 UniCredit Youth America’s Cup were created by the same silversmiths:
Thomas Lyte
73
https://opencorporates.com/companies/gb/00702735.
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Design and Fabrication of Garrard’s 1848 Ewer Various traditional silversmithing production techniques were applied in the design of Garrard’s 1848 Ewer, including hand-raising, forging, repoussé, chasing, engraving, stamping, soldering, casting and polishing. Stylized leaves, scrolls, medallions and flower motifs are visible as appliqués. These decorative motifs were cast and pierced separately using metal die cutting punches and subsequently applied by traditional silver soldering to the main body of the ewer. Stylized strapwork, a decorative motif from the late 16th and early 17th century originated in Antwerp, Belgium, and had a revival in the late 19th century, and was most commonly applied in architecture and decorative arts. Strapwork is characterized by intricate patterns of interlaced lines and scrolls diversified with geometrical figures. In modern terms it is also referred to as the prismatic ornament. The ewer presents strapwork dominantly to a great degree. The various major components and decorative motif appliques of Garrard’s 1848 Ewer are described in detail as follows.
Scrolled Baluster Handle – Side View – MAJOR COMPONENT. The 13 ½ inch (34.29 cm) high x 4 ½ inch (11.43 cm) wide handle is made up of five individual design components, listed from the bottom upward – (1) a small S-scroll with 5 beads on its outside, attached to larger C-scroll (2), which is attached to the baluster body part of the ewer; this C-scroll is also attached to a straight baluster pillar (3) that connects the third C-scroll of the ewer. This large, top C-scroll handle (5) bears a half-penny snub-end and stylized strap ornament panels on both the spout and on the outside of the scroll. The pillar terminates in an urn-shaped finial (4) located within the arc of the top scroll. At the bottom of the handle, its width flares out and is adorned with a floral bloom (see Fig 18). Below the finial there is a fine pearl bead around the pillar at the top of the C-scroll. At the base of the pillar is a small, octagonal platform. The Baluster Handle is silver-soldered to the ewer in two locations – at the bottom of the lower S-scroll where it rests upon the top surface of the Upper Body, and where the C-scroll abuts the lower surface of the Cruet. At both attachment points there is an opening in the body of the ewer to facilitate soldering.
Figure 17 Scrolled Baluster Handle
The handle was never attached to the ewer at the top near the rim of the spout. In fact, since 1983, the handle has been suffering continued damage due to various conditions. In photos prior to 1983, when the Cup was won by Australia after the 132-year possession by the New York Yacht Club, the geometry of the handle clearly showed the perfect vertical alignment of the baluster pillar, the finial and the half-penny snub end of the top C-scroll. [see PLATE II] While with the NYYC, the Cup had rarely left the confines of their 37-41 West 44th Street Club House and was seldom handled - and reverently handled when it was. The vertical gap between the spout and the handle was seen to be a slight bit larger than 1 ¼ inch (3.175 cm). Since that time, however, the ewer has been exposed to significantly more public appearances and travel, which involved repeated loading and unloading of the 175-year-old ewer into its travel trunks and the neverbefore handling by members of the winning crews, and of course, the devastating damage caused by the 1997, sledgehammer attack while on display in Auckland NZ.
Although the ewer was restored, the “gap” was never fully re-established, and as of our in-person inspection and photography of the Cup on 5 April 2023, the gap was less than 3/16 inch! But what is causing the problem? Several issues come to mind. First, the Sterling holloware handle near the base of the finial (see Fig 18) is only about ½ inch in diameter and exceedingly thin, but still must provide 100 percent of the support of the top C-Scroll. Second, during the attack in 1997, the handle suffered severe impacts resulting in the bending of the finial and the finial base and what appears to be crushing or bending of the holloware handle at the base of the finial. This damage allowed the unsupported top part of the top C-scroll to bend over toward the spout – coming to rest upon the top rim of the Cruet. Third, the 2010 Louis Vuitton Travel case – the first that was designed to carry the Cup without any Perspex (Plexiglas) (cont’d) Figure 18 Floral Bloom at base
of Handle Applique Type A
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APPLIQUE TYPE A
Part 1 - INVERTED C-SCROLL
BALUSTER HANDLE SPOUT
APPLIQUE TYPE D
HALLMARKS (5)
VERTICAL RING BAND B-1
MARTELE BAND
Part 2 - FINIAL VERTICAL BAND B-2 TAPERED BAND B-3 CONCAVE RING BAND B-4 THIN DISC B-5 BOLD CONVEX RING BAND B-6 Part 3 - BALUSTER PILLAR Part 4 - C-SCROLL
LARGE RING APPLIQUE TYPE E
CRUET HIGH BALUSTER
APPLIQUE TYPE F APPLIQUE TYPE G PLAIN RING BAND B-7 Part 5 - INVERTED S-SCROLL CONVEX BAND B-8 APPLIQUE TYPE I (beyond)
WIDE BAND
APPLIQUE TYPE H APPLIQUE TYPE J
UPPER BODY MAIN BODY
APPLIQUE TYPE K
LOWER BODY
RAISED STRAP TYPE L
BULBOUS LARGE RING
APPLIQUE TYPE M
SCROLLED BRACKETS TYPE N "NAKED STEM"
STEM, FOOT AND SCROLLS
BEADED PEARL BAND (REPOUSSED) APPLIQUE TYPE APPLIQUE TYPE O
HALLMARKS (4)
PLATE I - Silverwork of Garrard's 1848 Cup
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enclosure – was designed with a vertical stabilizing scheme that involved a padded shaft that was inserted into the neck of the Cup to secure it in place. Unfortunately, the design also included an integral “pillow” around the shaft which pressed down on the C-scroll when the lid was closed – repeatedly forcing it down and towards the midline of the Cup. The advent of the PRADA Travel case with its laser-cut foam clamshell support system has greatly minimized the potential for trunk-related damage. [see The Trunks section later in Compendium] The baluster pillar is in an elongated pear shape with vertical columns (4 at 90o) of 30 tiny beads increasing in size from top to bottom. Location: On the left side of the ewer, (when facing front) located between the large “Built in 1851” and the “1876/1881” lobes. Quantity: One each. Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, this Sterling holloware was constructed in two halves silver soldered. It is possible that a plaster of Paris-like substance was cast into the holloware for additional stability and durability of the handle. Finish: Polished Mirror-finish Sterling. There is NO engraving on the handle. 4 3/16"
4 12"
Handle Part 1 - Inverted C-scroll Half-penny snub point end
13 12"
NOTE: No connection between handle and cruet finial Handle Part 2 - Urn-shaped finial finial post finial base Handle Part 3 - Baluster pillar
NOTE: In 1983 gap between top of finial and bottom of Handle Part 1 inverted scroll was approximately 1 inch and finial aligned with center of half-penny snub point end!
Beading - 4 columns of 30 beads each - increasing in size from bottom to top Handle Part 4 - Stylized C-scroll
This changed the official height of the Cup.
Handle connection point 1 (silver soldered)
When originally created, there was a vertical alignment of the finial base, finial post, urn finial and, above that, the half-penny snub point end on the Scroll, as seen above. Damages incurred during the 1997 attack and the repeated damage caused by the travel luggage has caused the bends shown at left.
5 Beads on outside of scroll Handle Part 5 - Inverted S-scroll Applique Type K (on tail) Handle connection point 2 (silver soldered)
Handle cast as 2 halves and soldered together (hollow)
Z-axis
Drawing Detail Detail pre-1983 Baluster Handle Detail - America's Cup
12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
PLATE II
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Cruet & Spout – Side View – MAJOR COMPONENT. The Cup’s widely open spout presents a chased border of a fret with profile view of conventional flowers, such as chrysanthemum or daisies, each alternating with a triangle pointing down. Below this asymmetrical spout opening, some areas show Martelé fields and more strapwork with foliate scrolls. Duty Hallmark (a sovereign's head) Date Letter (N for 1848-1849 Standard Mark (Lion passant for Sterling .925) Town Mark of Assay Office (uncrowned leopard head) London Maker's Mark - Robert Garrard
Chased border of fretwork Martele (M) finish
(M) Polished (p) (M)
Applied splatwork (3 places) aligns with applied pieces below
Plain ring (p) Martele (background) Polished (repousse)
Handle Part 1 - Inverted C-scroll Crush zone from 1997 attack
Polished (p)
Plain ring (polished) Handle Polished (p)
Applied Splatwork (3 places 120o apart)) Lotus Flowers (2 places 120o apart))
Plain ring (polished) Z-axis
Drawing Detail Cruet Detail - America's Cup 12
6
3
Photo Detail
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE
PLATE III
Location: Topmost segment of the ewer with the spout opening facing right (from front view). X-Axis runs between the large “Built in 1851” and the “1876/1881” lobes on the left to the “1870” and “Presented to…” lobes on the right. Y-Axis bisects the “100 Guineas” lobe at the front and the “1871” lobe at the rear. The Z- Axis is central to the ewer. The motif of the ewer – described from top to bottom:
Figure 19 Spout Brim Applique Type A
On the Garrard 1848 Ewer 74, the spout’s brim displays a fret of chrysanthemum flowers (side view of three petals and two leaves from a center bud) alternating with a (cut) geometric triangle pointing downward. Triangles’ fields are horizontally striated. This wax-cast 3-D flower band overhangs the top edge of the ewer and is heavily nielloed. Below the flowers is a narrow Martelé border which is chased.
74
This is an important point as ONLY the Garrard 1848 Ewer had the flower and triangle motif – all the other five similar, later Garrard Ewers were adorned with a pearl band around the spout. This makes the first step in the identification of the true 1848 Ewer easier by the immediate elimination of the beaded versions.
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There are two mirror-polished surfaces below the spout – the front-facing panel bears the five (5) Garrard 1848 Ewer hallmarks (see Hallmarks discussion, below); the rear-facing panel bears no marks or engraving. Where the front and rear panels join below the spout opening, is seen a chased (not applied) strap with a Martelé finish. A wider Martelé band circles the lowest part of the spout segment, below which is one, smooth-surface, flat-face vertical ring [B-1]. The next component is a LARGE RING, fully Marteled, featuring strap ornament of stylized flowers, alternating lilies and fleur-de-lys and daisies on a black/nielloed background. Dimensions: ~7/8-inch (2.28 cm) high x 3 7/16-inch (8.79 cm) diameter. ______ APPLIQUE D – (Figure 20) low-relief strapwork panel laying atop the vertical ring, spanning the spout (above) and the larger ring (below). The cast top of the segment resembles a stylized fleur de lys, with a stem which spans the vertical ring – all of which have a thin chased border. The stem terminates in an oval cabochon. This sits atop a footed base of seven overlapping ovals. The sweeping feet of the base each bear four punched slots. Quantity: Three medallions total at 120 degrees with one centered on X-Axis under spout opening. Construction: Sterling, produced through the process of wax casting and silver soldered in place. Finish: Polished Mirror-finish Sterling, heavily nielloed. There is NO engraving on the applique. APPLIQUE E – (Figure 21) low-relief cast strapwork panel on lower edge of the larger ring, consisting of a center oval vertical cabochon surrounded by an arching interlaced smooth ribbon that begins and ends at the adjacent “Type Figure 20 APPLIQUE Type D D Appliques.” Flanking each cabochon are stylized lilies with three round and one tear-shaped flower stamens. Quantity: Three identical ornaments spaced 120 degrees apart. Construction: Sterling, produced through the process of wax casting and silver soldered in place. Figure 21 APPLIQUE Type E (is symmetrical about red center Finish: Polished surface with crevices heavily nielloed. line) ______ Below the LARGE RING are several polished Sterling bands: • The first is a vertical band [B-2] approximately 1/8-inch high; • The next is a band [B-3] with 30-degree tapered sides; • This terminates in a concave ring [B-4] that flares into a convex ogee and lands upon a thin disc [B-5] with a deep recess • Finally, a bold convex ring [B-6] stands proud of the attachment surface with the cruet. ______ The next component is referred to as the HIGH BALUSTER - a smooth, tapered, pear-shape with a strapwork decorated neck. The strapwork here depicts stylized lotus flowers alternated by grotesque masks of satyrs and floral decorative motifs. Dimensions: ~4 ¼ inch (10.74 cm) high x 1 9/16 inch (3.9 cm) narrowest to 3 1/8 inch (7.819cm) widest. Construction: The High Baluster is spun Sterling with applied appliques. Finish: Polished to a mirror finish. General: plain, smooth concave top ring gradually widening to pear shape and ending as a very short vertical ring to a polished convex ring and flaring via a concave ring to meet the Upper Body’s medallion ring (segment joint point with the Upper Body). Strap ornament – Applique F - (3 places/120o apart) of stylized leaves and flowers (8 petals), finials and a grotesque male (satyr) mask with long beard and crown [mascarons]. Applied straps appear vertically with the uppermost segment continuing up to the underside of the Convex Ring above. Applied Splatwork – Applique G - (3 places/120o apart) of stylized lotus flower:
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Figure 22 APPLIQUE Type F
APPLIQUE F – (Figure 22) low-relief cast strapwork which is chased on its outer edge and spans the entire height of the High Baluster. The top of the piece features symmetrical scrolls and three indentations vertically at the center. The polished strap widens into a tree shape with two small scrolls at the sides – the “trunk” of the tree widening slightly to set upon a ring of six ovals. The trunk further bears three vertical chased lines. Below the “tree” is a base of two scrolls emanating from a decorative medallion. At the center of this strap is a male grotesque75 mask (satyr) with bulbous nose, heavy eyebrows, a long, split mustache and a long tongue or perhaps a goatee. The mask wears an ornate crown topped with a 5node scallop-shell and a bold headpiece sweeping down to eye level. Dimensions: ~4 ¼ inches (10.80 cm) high and 1 7/16 inches (3.683 cm) wide Quantity: Three straps at 120o spacing, each vertically aligned with APPLIQUE D above. Finish: Polished Sterling with nielloing evident at recesses. _______ APPLIQUE G - (Figure 23) low -relief cast strapwork image of a stylized lotus flower. Dimensions: ~2 1/8 inches (5.512cm) high x 2 5/8 inches (6.513 cm) wide. Quantity: Three appliques at 120o spacing, located on bottom edge of High Baluster, between APPLIQUE Type F . The Applique in line with the HANDLE’s Large C-Scroll is modified at the attachment point. Sweeping bands arc between the centers of the lotus flowers to the scroll at the base of the adjacent “F” straps. Construction: Sterling, produced through the process of wax casting and silver soldered in place. Finish: Polished Sterling with nielloing evident at recesses. ______
Figure 23 APPLIQUE Type G
Main Body – MAJOR COMPONENT The MAIN BODY of the Cup is comprised of several sections – the WIDE BAND, the UPPER BODY, and the LOWER BODY. It should be noted that in 1848, the Upper Body and the Wide Band components were hammered from a single piece of Sterling! 76 WIDE BAND Abutting the High Baluster are two plain rings, one thin [B7], one taller and convex [B8]. Below the High Baluster is the WIDE BAND consisting of high-relief oval medallions (see APPLIQUE TYPE H below) covered with 12 geometrically stylized motifs, depicting renaissance style flower buds. The background of the Wide Band at these medallions is brightly-polished, but that blends into a 12-point scalloped edge and becomes a finely-hammered Marteled surface, which, itself is then edged with another narrow, brightly-polished border that follows the contour of the LOBES below. At five of the six main nodes of the Cup (and in line with every other oval medallion) there is a TYPE I APPLIQUE (see description below). This Type I Applique does NOT appear at the node which has the handle, as it is at this point that the lower inverted S-Scroll is soldered to the Main Body. UPPER BODY General: The UPPER BODY features six (6) large bulbous lobes. On the upper connection of the lobes are placed cartouches with three-dimensional high relief female busts coiffed in braids, wearing a single strand of pearls. Above them we find another
75
Grotesque from the Italian grottesco, which means “of or relating to a cave,” the grotesque mask is used to represent a character that is both comical and horrifying. The mask has its origins in the Italian commedia dell’arte, a form of popular theatre that emerged in the 16th century. The grotesque mask is characterized by its exaggerated features, the most common being a large nose, protruding teeth and wild hair. The masks may also include other embellishments such as jewels and feathers. 76 See interview narrative by silversmith Rod Hingston discussing this subject elsewhere in Compendium.
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Figure 24 Upper Body showing Appliques Type H, I, J and lobes for 1876/1881, 100 Guinea Presentation and 1870.
strapwork motif. Traditionally, the bulbous lobes were crafted by the technique of hand-raising and repoussé work, then attached to a precut ring connecting them. The female busts [all the same faces] are finely crafted and produced through the process of wax casting, subsequently soldered between the bulbous lobes’ upper section. The strategic placement of the female busts and strapwork ornament above serves as decorative detail, but also as reinforcement of the soldering segments between the lobes and the ring, simultaneously concealing the soldering segments. The high concave ring of fluting alternating with stylized strap work/ornament is a decorative motif from the 16th century that originated in Antwerp, and was revived in the late 19th century, mostly in architecture. In modern terms it is also called "prismatic ornament".
APPLIQUE H (12 each) WIDE BAND (polished) APPLIQUE I (5 each)
APPLIQUE J (6 each)
MAIN LOBE (below)
Figure 25 Reference photo of Top of MAIN BODY showing numerous Appliques.
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APPLIQUE H (Figure 26) – Termed “Arabesque Studs.” 3-D High-relief oval medallions with geometrically-stylized motif, depicting a heraldic cross with knobs or roundels, terminating the horizontal limbs, and tridents and oval knobs terminating the vertical limbs, surrounded by 8 stylized, C-scrolled, renaissance-style flower buds and leaves on a closely-lined horizontal background. Each medallion is surrounded by a polished, sightly concave bordering frame. Location: On the mirror-polished, wide band above the main body. Quantity: 12 medallions total at 30-degree spacing. (Alternating Appliques are in line with the centerlines of the major lobes below) Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, subsequently soldered onto the curved, punched, mirror-polished ring. Finish: The medallion is Nielloed 77, resulting in a variety of finishes on each piece: highly polished on the border the cross and the leaves; a matt finish on the horizontal background high points, and a dark accent on the crevices and low points particularly on the background. Figure 26 Applique Type H
APPLIQUE I (Figure 27) – Low-relief strapwork panel with framed, oval cabochon 78 raised lobe in center. Location: laid 79 upon flat Martelé surface atop the main body, in line with, and touching the back of the ram’s head/female bust Figure 27 Applique Type I Quantity: 5 Appliques total at 60 degrees (except none at base of handle at attachment point) Construction: Most likely stamped from a Sterling sheet. Finish: The medallion is Nielloed resulting in a variety of finishes on each piece: highly polished on the high points, and a dark accent on the crevices and low points.
Figure 29 Applique Type J – Side View
Figure 28 Applique Type J – Front View
APPLIQUE J (Figures 28 and 29) - Cartouche with 3D high-relief, finely-crafted female bust coiffed in braids (L&R), wearing a single strand of 7 pearls and a ram’s-head crown with vertical striations and a central raised lobe in a raised oval. The area behind the ram’s head (i.e. top of ram’s head) is deeply textured.
77 78 79
A black compound of sulfur with silver, lead, or copper, used for filling in engraved designs in silver or other metals. A gemstone that has been shaped and polished – but not faceted. French “hammered”.
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Location: Main Body, top, upper connection of the lobes. Quantity: 6 total at 60-degree spacing. Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, subsequently soldered between the bulbous lobes’ upper section. The strategic placement of the female busts and strapwork ornament above serves as a decorative detail, but also as reinforcement of the soldering segments between the lobes and the ring, simultaneously concealing the soldering segments. Finish: The busts are Nielloed80, resulting in a variety of finishes on each piece: highly polished on the faces, braids and pearls and other prominent edges and high points, and a darkly accented on the crevices and low points particularly on the background. LOWER BODY
Figure 30 Lower Body
The next ornamental level brings to attention a wide concave ring divided into six vertical sections through low relief decorative motifs, termed strapwork, that end in grotesque masks, also referred to as mascarons. The LOWER BODY (Figure 30) is “chased with pellets and ...architectural strapwork enclosing burnishing panels.” This (4 ¾ -inch/12.06 cm) high section of the piece now bears the engraved results of the races from the 1880’s through 1901, on six panels separated by applied decorative “strapwork.” The Lower Body component itself is fully flanged at the top and at the bottom to allow solder attachment to the Upper Body and to the Bulbous Large Ring. [The Lower Body had suffered much of the brunt of the 1997 sledgehammer attack on the Cup and required total replacement.]
Figure 31 Applique Type K
APPLIQUE K – Mascaron 81 (Grotesque Mask) (Fig 31) a somewhat human face with carved ornamental 3-D features designed to frighten away evil spirits. Although somewhat hard to capture, the Mascaron includes two heavy eyebrows over beady eyes, a flared nose and growling mouth and chin. Location: at juncture of upper and lower body, the top of the head is located just below the high point between the lobes at the top and between the columns between sections on the bottom. Quantity: 6 total at 60-degree spacing. Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, subsequently soldered between. Finish: Matte background with top-buffed highlights.
RAISED STRAP L – Strapwork – (Figure 32) the top presenting as back-to-back “C”s with a short connecting bar and a central recess – the exposed ends of the “C”s bearing a serif. This is above a flowerhead with several small leaves down the center. The strap then becomes more formal and regular with a Figure 32 Type L
80 81
A black compound of sulfur with silver, lead, or copper, used for filling in engraved designs in silver or other metals. From French “big mask”.
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narrowing/widening/narrowing shape ending as flared legs. The widest section sporting a stylized diamond shape cut with a single 4leaf flowerhead at its center. The edges are raised to a rim with added, subtle floral décor. Location: Centered between each panel section on the lower body and mounted to the smooth, polished columns. Quantity: 6 total at 60-degree spacing. Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, subsequently soldered between panel sections. Finish: Matte background with top-buffed highlights.
Bulbous Large Ring – MAJOR COMPONENT General: Slightly atop the naked column is portrayed a BULBOUS LARGE (wide angular) RING (Figure 33) , 6 3/8 (16.09 cm) inch wide x 2 3/16 (5.48 cm) inch high representing more cartouches connected through six floral garlands and six medallions interlaced with stylized sunflowers. At its top, this ring is soldered to the bottom flange of the Lower Body. The ring contains an internal reinforcing (unfinished/unpolished) sleeve, approximately 2 inches (5.08 cm) in diameter and 1 3/8 inches (3.5 cm) high firmly soldered to (and protruding slightly through) the lower edge of the opening in the Ring. This sleeve allows a corresponding sleeve on the top of the Stem & Foot component to slide into the Large Ring. This is a “friction fit” - there are no mechanical or solder points, and the center is open to allow the wooden “scaffolding” column (see full explanation later in Compendium) and “the Bolt” to pass through.
Figure 33 Bulbous Large Ring
Location: Directly below the Lower Body, and above the scrolled brackets of the Stem & Foot. Quantity: 1 each Construction: Hand raised and chased
Foot, Stem and Scrolls – MAJOR COMPONENT General: The stem, from which protrudes a simple rounded column, is decorated with low-relief ornaments, and three empty cartouches, oval medallions set in a scrolled frame, above a simplified beakhead fret, crowned by a beaded pearl band. The foot consists of a round spread foot, the stem decorated with a bead band and geometric strapwork, stylized leaves and tongue fret; Wide rim of appliques; the angular ring is surmounted by six (6) scrolled brackets (Fig. 34), a type of projecting shelf support. THE STEM & FOOT ARE NOT INDEXED TO THE LOBES OF THE MAIN BODY. (see arrangement on Plate IV). Internal mating sleeve is a smooth, unpolished tube which is unseen on the assembled ewer. This sleeve tightly slips into a corresponding receiving sleeve in the Bulbous Large Ring (see Fig 34, above) and joins the upper and lower sections of the Cup. This is not a fixed or soldered connection and is not indexed to the upper body. Band B8 (polished) smooth convex with brackets coped into its surface. Band serves as the termination of the internal mating sleeve.
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Scrolled Bracket Appliques (6 each) (see Fig. 34 Type SB). Wax-cast, presenting with scrolls on each side and a horizontally-lined panel on the vertical portion of the scroll. The brackets are coped into the Band B8 (above) and are soldered onto the Naked Stem. There is a single three-leaf floret with a bulbous center above the panel and wrapping over the top of the scroll. An irregular, triangular indentation appears below the scroll on each side. Carved areas are heavily nielloed. Figure 34 Applique Type SB
Naked Stem is a smooth polished tube with no décor, supporting the scrolled brackets at the top and flaring out to abut the 30 small pearls just above their halfway point. The results of the three races of the 1901 defense were engraved on this stem. The top of the stem flairs out to meet Band B8.
Beaded Pearl Band consists of (30) identical silver balls or “pearls,” each of approximately ¼-inch (6mm) diameter, arranged tightly abutting one another to form a ring at the toe of the flare of the naked stem. This band is heavily black nielloed in its recesses while the face of the pearls are polished. Band B9 (polished) is an inset, concave band below – and supporting - the Pearl Band. The concave band’s lower edge continues outward, and level, to allow for the termination of the beakhead fret below. Beakhead Fret consisting of 30 identical designs, repoussed into a repeating vertical ornamental design resembling the head and beak of a bird between, located between Bands B9 and B10, and aligned with the Pearls of the band above. The triangular area between each beakhead presents with a repoussed surfacing resembling the veining of a leaf. Oval Medallion Appliques (3 each) (Type M) (Fig 36) set in scrolled frames. The mounting surface is cut out in three places to allow for the soldering of these Medallions. Band B10 (polished) is sloped. Between B10 and B11 is a sloped, polished, generally horizontal surface which is heavily repoussed with three empty cartouches. Band B11 (polished) is convex. Band B12 (polished) is concave and flares to the horizontal foot top. Horizontal Foot Top. This uninterrupted, polished surface bears the engraved results of the defenses of 1903, 1920 and 1937. Band B13 (polished) Vertical Foot Face. The bottom edge of Band B13 forms the lower-most part of the original Garrard 1848 Ewer. The results of the defenses of 1920, 1930 and 1934 are engraved on the vertical foot face, and the following are hallmarks are stamped on this Band: Maker’s Mark of Robert Garrard, “R.G.” in script under a crown; Town Mark corresponding to the mark of the assay office that has verified the piece – here a leopard’s head uncrowned representing London; Standard Mark, a hallmark for the quality of the metal, a lion passant for Sterling silver (0.925); Date Letter Mark, which identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the assay office – in this case the letter “N” for the years 1848-49. (note: there is no Duty Hallmark found on the foot of the Cup.)
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APPLIQUE TYPE M – (Figure 35) 3-D Low-relief oval medallions set in scrolled frame. The frame of each medallion bears four sets of 3 joined discs with punched-out centers. The lower set “drips down” over the face of the wide rim; the left and right set, affixed smoothly to the wide rim; and the top set rises up and rests upon the beakhead fret above. Location: On the wide rim of appliques, between the 3 empty cartouches on foot, just below beakhead fret. Quantity: 3 medallions total at 120 degrees. Construction: Produced through the process of wax casting, then hand punched after casting. Silver soldered into pace. Finish: Generally polished, however each medallion has 14 holes which exhibit trapped Nielloed darkening. Figure 35 Applique Type M
Internal Mating Sleeve (Silver, but unfinished) Band B8 (polished) Scrolled Brackets (6)
"Naked Stem" (polished) Beaded Pearl Band (30) Band B9 (polished) Beakhead Frets (30 each) Oval Medallions Type M (3 each) set in scrolled frames Band B10 (polished) Band B11 (polished) Band B12 (polished) Vertical Foot Face Band B13) (see Engravings) Hallmark Stamp - Leopard - Assay Office Hallmark Stamp - 925 Sterling Hallmark Stamp - Lion - traditional fineness Hallmark Stamp - G & Co
Drawing Detail Photo Detail Stem and Foot Detail - America's Cup 12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate IV
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Figure 36 Underside of Foot (Not the 1848 Cup but the 1862 similar ewer owned by Tamari)
Rare photographic look at foot of the 1862 Garrard Ewer owned by Karine Tamari from the underside. Photo shows the repousse or back-embossing at the cartouches and the beakhead frets, and the rougher, hammered inside faces of the spread foot. The center stem slips into a matching tube on the upper part of the angular ring above. The three oval holes are to facilitate soldering of the Type M Medallions to the base. The width of the spread foot is approximately 8 inches (20.32 cm ) across.
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Plate V The Cups
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“In view of the present development of taste, one can bestow little praise upon it as a work of art. … Even at the time of creation it could scarcely be said to be an original conception, for its shape is borrowed largely from 16th century designs, and its bulbous ornamentation reminds one too forcibly of the 17th century German hanaps or perhaps the still earlier Magellan.” Miles, John W., “Yacht Trophies.” The Decorator and Furnisher, New York, November 1885, p. 44. From Hamish Ross’s dissertation, p25.
N
O
P
Q
N – Closeup of Applique J Coiffed Female Bust O – View of spout from below P – Closeup of lower section of Cup including Bulbous Large Ring, Stem and Brackets and Foot. Q – Appliques salvaged from Cup during repair in 1997
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R
S
U
T
V
W
Someone asked Sohei Hohri, NYYC Librarian and America’s Cup custodian for 35 years “Do you think it’s a pretty trophy?” “A lot of people don’t,” Hohri replied. “About 30 years ago, there was a lot of talk that it was ugly. The style was wrong for the time. Now it seems all right. People don’t seem to mind so much.” “But you? Do you think it’s pretty?” “Oh, yes,” he replied, “Love makes things beautiful.”
R – Grotesque Mask strapwork Applique F detail S – Applique J seen from above and Applique I strapwork. Note hammered surface. T – Applique H Arabesque Stud detail U – Detail of Applique I strapwork V - Applique D Strapwork detail W – Applique K Mascarone detail
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Silversmithing Definitions Arabesque: Form of Orientalist decoration using symmetrically scrolling foliage. Annealing: The heat treating (softening) of metal after it has been work-hardened with steel tools and is necessary between raising and forging stages. Annealing is also used to remove tension in a piece of metal before brazing, helping to reduce warpage. Planishing: The act of hammering or refining the surface of a metal object with highly polished hammer faces. This process refines the surface after raising and may be used as a decorative element. Great care must be used, for even a speck of dust will make an impression in the metal being hammered. Polishing: The process of refining a metal surface by use of abrasive compounds applied by hand or a polishing wheel attached to a long-spindled motorized arbor which runs at high speed. Various finishes may be obtained with a wide variety of abrasive compounds applied to the polishing wheels such as rouge–this compound imparts the brightest finish. More abrasive compounds will produce less reflective finishes, emphasizing the object's form. Raising: The technique of forming a flat sheet of metal over a cast iron T-stake or head, forming and compressing the metal to take a hollow form. This labor-intensive process is the purest form of silversmithing. Nielloed: A black compound of sulfur with silver, lead, or copper, used for filling in engraved designs in silver or other metals. Silver Solder: A silver-based filler metal typically containing silver, zinc, copper, but is lead free. Melts at about 750 degrees C. Ewer: The Cup is considered a “ewer” because of the inclusion of the handle. Wax Casting: Lost Wax Casing or “investment casting” is 6,000-year-old process by which a single silver object is cast from a wax model, resulting in a highly detailed product. Hollowware: articles wrought from sheets of silver by hammering, spinning or stamping generally for domestic or culinary use eg. teapots. Martelé: French for “hammered” Foliate: Metalwork resembling leaves and flowers. x-axis: Looking down from the top of the piece, a line from side to side, through its center. y-axis: Looking down from the top of the piece, a line from top to bottom, through its center. z- axis: Facing the piece, a line vertically down through its center. Chased: The technique of detailing the front surface of a metal article with various hammer-struck punches. The raising and shaping silver by scoring and hammering to create decoration. Mirror Finish Polished: Metal, highly buffed to result in a surface that will reflect images similar to a mirror. Strapwork: flat relief with interlaced scrollwork, braiding or shield forms, often pierced with circular or oval holes. Often bordered with raised fillet/band. Spun/Spinning: a technique that originated in the early 19th century, can be used for most metals. A metal disk is set on a lathe behind an appropriately shaped metal or wooden chuck, and during rotation the metal is pressed onto the chuck with long-handled, polished steel tools. Britannia metal was often spun; a typical, modern spun object is the aluminum saucepan. As in most metalworking techniques, the metal is periodically softened by annealing, or heating, when it has become hardened through being worked. Applique: Separately-created item joined or attached to the primary object. Splatwork: a single flat thin often ornamental member of a back of a chair Mascarons/Grotesque Mask: Grotesque from the Italian grottesco, which means “of or relating to a cave,” the grotesque mask is used to represent a character that is both comical and horrifying. The mask has its origins in the Italian commedia dell’arte, a form of popular theatre that emerged in the 16th century. The grotesque mask is characterized by its exaggerated features, the most common being a large nose, protruding teeth and wild hair. The masks may also include other embellishments such as jewels and feathers. Cartouche: A carved tablet or drawing representing a scroll with rolled-up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription. Cabochon: A gemstone that has been shaped and polished – but not faceted. Fret/Fretwork: interlaced decorative design that is either carved in low relief on a solid background, or cut out in geometric patterns, a repetitive geometric ornamentation engraved on a border etc. Plinth: rectangular slab or block at the bottom of a column, statue, pedestal, or pier, forming its base. Hand-raising: Using hammers to work the metal over a steel stake, a flat sheet of silver is transformed into a three-dimensional shape. Repousse: A process used to roughly emboss a metal object from the back or inside with larger punches than those used in chasing.
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Changes in the Cup’s Surface Finish Over Time In a 1902 photograph shown here on the left side of the illustration, the Sterling of Original Cup was likely what Tiffany & Co. would refer to as a “butler finish.” This was a dull-matte, but polished surface – “non-shiny and non-reflective.” In the 1870’s, Tiffany developed a series of popular finishes that were less glittery and less prone to fingerprints from handling, and in many cases, the embellishments on the trophy were thought to become more prominent. The surfaces ranged from the Satin Finish (patented in 1875) to Milk-White. As Tiffany & Co. not only stored the Cup in their vaults but took responsibility for the engraving, maintenance and polishing of the Cup, their recommendation for the level of polishing on the Cup would likely have conformed to the tastes of the time. “Hand finishing: The craftsman, wearing white gloves, rubbed the piece with Tripoli. After extensive rubbing, the piece was washed and dried. A second rubbing was done with lime cake and new white gloves. The piece was then washed and dried and given a final polish with a soft dry cloth.”
In the 2023 photograph on the right side of the illustration, the Sterling is polished to a “mirror-bright finish” on all possible faces. In its current state, the Cup is a true mirror in every sense of the word - with the result being at once dramatic and, as the authors found during an exclusive photo session with the Cup in Auckland in April 2023, made detailed photography of the Cup nearly impossible without capturing reflections of the entirety of the room! Currently handled with washed, untreated gloves (except during the presentation to the winner), even gloved fingers leave definable marks on the surface. The 1958 Plinth1 and the 2001/2018 Plinth 2 are mirror-bright finished, with the exception of the concealed flat top which is unfinished on each. The permanent display case is equipped with a silica gel reservoir which absorbs airborne contaminates to reduce dayto-day tarnishing. The Cup is not currently covered with any shellac-type coating and is professionally polished several times a year, with clean-ups done by the Cup escorts as needed when the Cup is out on tour. Figure 37
At what cost, beauty? The thought of a tarnished America’s Cup is unpleasant. At this writing, the Cup is 177 years old, and has been through a lot, but for an old girl, she still looks pretty good. But museums have found that continuing polishing tends to obliterate shallow engraved and chased lines. In the early 1970’s, an (unpublished) study conducted carefully controlled testing of a number of commercially-available silver polishes by The Henry Francis du Pont Museum in Winterthur, Delaware. The tests looked at: (a) The amount of silver removed by the polish, and (b) the appearance of the silver from the time of the polishing to six months after polishing. The results were important: the harshest of the polishes removed more than forty times the amount of silver than the least abrasive, but even the best removed silver at the rate of 1 mil (one-thousandth of an inch) per century; the worst was so abrasive it would remove silver from ordinary (electroplated) wares in a few years. In a 1968 study, silver pieces over one hundred years old show an appreciable loss in weight from when they were made. This was shown looking at a set of six silver tankards made by Paul Revere in 1722. The study82 showed a consistent loss:
82
Martha Gandy Fales, Early American Silver for the Cautious Collector, Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1970, p.233.
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Table 1 Comparison of Weights degregation of Six Paul Revere Tankards between 1722 and 1968 due to effects of polishing
24 25 25 24 25 24
oz. oz. oz. oz. oz. oz.
Weight in 1722 13 dwt. 1 dwt. 2 dwt. 5 dwt. 1 dwt. 19 dwt.
12
gr.
12
gr.
Tankard 1 2 3 4 5 6
24 24 24 23 24 24
oz. oz. oz. oz. oz. oz.
Weight in 1968* 9 dwt. 13 17 dwt. 22 18 dwt. 19 18 dwt. 20 1/2 15 dwt. 20 13 dwt. 12
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr.
These results show an average weight loss of about one percent. “This may not sound like very much but remember that most of this loss would have undoubtedly been from the outside surface, as a result of two centuries of cleaning and polishing.” 83
America’s Cup as part of the Art World The 1848 Ewer was created for R & S Garrard by Edmond Cotterill [1794-1860] in 1848, making it now 177 years old. For comparison, the following well-known works of art are actually more recent than the Cup: The Stone Breakers (1849) – Gustave Courbet Ophelia (1851-52) - John Everett Millais Olympia (1863) – Edouard Manet Impression, Sunrise (1872) – Claude Monet Dance at Le Moulin de la Gallette (1876) – Pierre-Auguste Renoir The Child’s Bath (1893) – Mary Cassatt The Starry Night (1889) – Vincent van Gogh Mont Sainte-Victorie series (c.1885-1906) – Paul Cezanne A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884) – Georges Seurat The Scream (1893) – Edvand Munch Woman with a Hat (1905) Henri Matisse Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) – Pablo Picasso Houses at L’Estaque (1908) – Georges Braque The Persistence of Memory (1931) – Salvador Dali In its youth (1848-1983) with few, rare exceptions, the Cup was treated as art – kept on display, but secure and stationary at the New York Yacht Club. Over the years, it was shown proudly by its trustee, protected, seldom handled, but never man-handled. (Even then, the Cup was seriously damaged when it was accidentally knocked over by a cleaning crew.) It was not until September of 1983, after being transferred to the new trustee, that the Cup suddenly became a “prop” – held aloft by many, filled with champagne, and most recently, covered in wet confetti. When the Cup was returned to the RNZYS following its repair after being nearly destroyed in a sledgehammer attack in March 1997, it was, admittedly, provided with a new, high-security museum-grade display case. But during the “nationwide tour” immediately following its return, (and later) there were persistent accusations that the “real” America’s Cup had been replaced with a “stunt double” – a replica – a fake. These rumors have been consistently denied by RNZYS. “There is no substitute cup.” “Of course that’s the real one.” For a myriad of reasons 84, and especially in light of the several and various displays of the Cup in Barcelona in 2024, I am convinced that the true, original America’s Cup is (and has been) safely locked up in Auckland, New Zealand, and the trophy that is paraded, sprayed with champagne, grabbed with the bare hands of dozens of “winning team members” to be held overhead, matted with cheap paper confetti, drunk from, and then loaded into a very expensive Louis Vuitton Travel Trunk by white-gloved “security guards” is, in fact, a doppelganger, a fake, a substitute, a stand-in, a phony. And I, as a student of the original Garrard 1848 Ewer known as America’s Cup, couldn’t be happier that the real trophy is safely locked up. Celebrate with the copy – the original won’t mind.
83 84
Ibid, p273. Many of the reasons involve security and authenticity-validation related to the Cup so, no, they will not be revealed in Compendium. Sorry!
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Figure 39 PUCK Magazine Sept. 4, 1895 Libr. of Congress
Figure 40 PUCK Magazine Cover April 29, 1903 Libr. of Congress
Figure 41 PUCK centerfold August 26, 1903 Library of Congress
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Figure 42 PUCK August 5, 1903 Library of Congress
Figure 44 PUCK November 4, 1900 LoC
Figure 43 PUCK September 25, 1903 Library of Congress
Figure 45 PUCK October 9, 1895 LoC
Figure 465 PUCK Sept. 25, 1901 LoC
PUCK was a humor and political cartoon magazine published between 1871 and 1918 that used lithography rather than wood engravings and published in color. In these examples from the U.S. Library of Congress’ collection, America’s Cup was often pictured with Uncle Sam and John Bull, or Sir Thomas Lipton, and often a “portly” British sailor. Please see APPENDIX for full descriptions of the PUCK artwork, artist and provenance.
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America’s Cup as Prose, Poetry and Song America’s Cup Lyrics
The America’s Cup [Poem]
Minna Irving (1871) This is the famous silver cup The old America won In 1851, at Cowes, Beneath an August sun. Made by the jewelers Garrard In London long ago, We have kept it now for fifty years This side of the ocean’s flow.
Pond [2021] [Verse 1] Once again, I’m slipping into my feminine ways Pump creatine and skip leg day Jump as four titans emerge from underground Debating, "Would you rather be burnt or drowned?" [Pre-Chorus] Pump fists, drunk on the stench of fraternity Haloed by memories of benching eternity Head polished to a mirror for Athena Goodbye, Nana A and stay strong, Nana Tina
It cost one hundred guineas new, Is graceful and ornate, Of sixteenth-century design, And eleven pounds in weight. Full twenty-seven inches high And thirty-six around, It bears twelve races, each engraved Upon a polished ground.
[Chorus] It was sailors and junkies Pescadores and bikies Before the America’s Cup Never heard of methadone Never called the shelter home Never went to bed alone Alan was a rolling stone Uh-huh (Woo)
The bases and shields are filled, From curving brim to base There’s not a single vacant spot To record another race Except upon the lip, and there ‘Tis fit the tale should stop With the old Columbia, for you see, She’s always at the top.
[Verse 2] Once again, I'm slipping up to my hominid gait Kiss soil, crack vertebrate I'm cocksure as a man jumping off a cliff Top-heavy head, cigarette and a quaff
The America Cup: A Nautical Poem [Poem]
Hamilton Morton (1923) A nautical poem descriptive of the five international races between the yacht Livonia and the yachts Columbia and Sappho in 1874.
Song of the Cup
NYYC Ex-Commodore Nicholas Kane [c.1891] “The cup! The Cup! Fill up! Fill up! Oh, sirs, the night is young. And faint the heart would care to part before the song is sung! ‘Tis Neptune strikes the string, till the grand traditions ring: Oh, never yet have yachtsmen met a nobler theme to sing! CHORUS
Then pipe the watch and pop the cork, let landsmen go below; Upon my word, the always do whene’er the breezes blow. I pledge you, sirs, the Cup! May we never give it up! A bumper, sirs: The Club! Hurrah! The Cup! The Cup! The Cup!”
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Take it Back [Song]
Jimmy Buffett, Max Betton (1987) Open season on the open seas and Captain says no prisoners please Skull and crossbones on a background of black We ain't stealin' we're just takin' back
Lift us up, take us high Let us float above the foam Let our sails fill the sky We are takin' our sweet treasure home
Chorus: We ain't stealin' we're just takin' back Very simple plan of attack It's our job and a labor of love Take it home to the up above We ain't stealin' we're just takin' back Very simple statement of fact Call it pillage or call it plunder We're takin' it back from them boys down under
Take it back We're takin' it baaaaaaaack Take it back!
The Day We Lost The America's Cup [Song] Tom Paxton (1985)
Hit us hard, took our treasure That was the worst thing they could do It will be our great pleasure To take it back from that Captain Kangaroo Yo ho ho, and a bottle of suds It's a pirates fight we choose No we don't want a bucket of blood Just a cup is all we could use Just a cup The sails are up and the bets are down Let's lighten up this harbor town By hook or crook or new design We're streakin' for that finish line
Chorus: We ain't stealin' we're just takin' back Very simple plan of attack It's our job and a labor of love Take it home to the up above We ain't stealin' we're just takin' back Very simple statement of fact Call it pillage or call it plunder We're takin' it back from them boys down under -- Spoken: "We ask ourselves when we get in a fix What would Popeye do in a tight spot like this He'd race for his true love and easily win it In an old spinach can with a mast stuck in it" Lift us up, take us high Time to let our spirits fly Lift us up, take us high Let us sail until we die Version 1.4
On the day we lost the America’s Cup And the glory slipped away I went for a walk in the city To see what the man in the street might say I found a likely lookin’ chap Who agreed to talk with me He wore a beret and coal-black shades And Billy go-go Tee There’s news from Newport sir says I I give it you to straight Australia won the America’s Cup We had too little too late The little guy turns his lamps on me All blood-shot red and blue You say we lost the America’s cup Did we lose the saucer too? He said, I did not know we lost the cup I tell you one thing more I didn’t know we had the cup What the damn thing’s for For sailing boats - you’re putting me on And them Captain Andy hats And they called that rub-a-dub-dub a race Hell I could walk as fast that You say Australia won the cup You tell me what it cost One thing you ain’t told me Jack Is who it is that lost Yeah, who are the souls who lost the cup And had to let go The New York Yacht Club did you say Please tell me it ain’t so So the New York Yacht Club blew the tin And the flag at half-mast waves Jack, please excuse my lack of tears But some of them cats owned slaves They got houses big as Rhode Island They got blood as blue as the sky And I hope they wore their Sunday best
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To kiss the cup goodbye We had the cup how long you say A hundred and thirty-two years And now Australia won the cup And filled it with Foster beers And now the yacht club’s dark and cold And now it’s draped in black I hope it takes ‘em it twice as long To get the damn thing back Yeah I feel for all them yacht club studs
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Says the little guy to me The sight of that empty trophy case Will be a heavy sight to see It must be hell to lose the cup When you had it for so long.... He took his saxophone out of its case And he played a sad little song..... It went (saxophone solo) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNQfzVhb9hM
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Possession of the Cup by the Schuyler Syndicate 8/22/1851 – 7/8/1857 [5 years, 11 months]
NEW YORK. As a result of winning the fleet race at the Annual Regatta sailed on August 22, 1851 at the Isle of Wight in Cowes, England, the sponsor, The Royal Yacht Squadron, awarded the so-called “RYS £100 Cup.” (“The Cup”). The winning syndicate consisted solely of the five (5) owners of the newly-launched American yacht AMERICA: George Lee Schuyler, John Cox Stevens, Edwin Augustus Stevens, Hamilton Wilkes, and John Beekman Finlay. (James Hamilton, Schuyler’s father-in-law, is often mistakenly named as an owner, probably because he travelled to England with the Stevens brothers in 1851 and gave a speech at the New York Yacht Club dinner held at the Astor House on Wednesday, 1 October 1851 in celebration of AMERICA’s victory. John Cox and Edwin Stevens, and James Hamilton left Liverpool at 1 PM on Thursday, September 18, 1851 and returned to New York with the Cup on the US steamship Baltic, docking at the Port of New York at 7 o’clock PM Sunday, September 28, 1851 after a trip of 10 days 18 hours. Hamilton Wilkes remained in Europe and died in Pau, France in December, 1852. They were well received….
“The Reception of the Yacht Owners TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD - The proposition in your paper of yesterday, to celebrate the arrival of Messrs. John C. Stevens, Wilkes and Hamilton, the recent owners and exhibiters in England of the celebrated yacht America, is hereby responded to. We propose to fire a grand salute of one hundred guns in New York and New Jersey, on the arrival of the steamer which shall bear these distinguished gentlemen to their native home. The commercial community, and the citizens at large, are invited to aid and join in the ceremonies of the reception of those who have added so much fame, glory and renown to our naval architecture and to the enduring ascendancy of the American name and character. Addison Hill, Wm. W. Fream, Wm. L. Castles New York, Sept. 20, 1851”
For several days from Sept 28 to October 1, 1851, the Cup remained in the possession of Schuyler, J. C. and E. A. Stevens, and Finlay, being moved from time-to-time from residence to residence, primarily as an object for conversation at parties. At one point, due to its size and design, its silver content was deemed more valuable than its trophy value, and a plan was to melt the Cup down and make five (5) silver medals from it. For the most part the Cup remained in the possession of Commodore Stevens who kept it at his home at the corner of Murray Street and College Place (near Washington Square), New York City. On Wednesday, October 1, 1851, a gala banquet was held at the Astor House Hotel (120 E 80th Street, NY [GPS: Lat.40.7753737, Long. -73.959054]), held by the New York Yacht Club:
“A sumptuous dinner was given at the Astor House last Wednesday evening, by the Yacht Club of this city, to Commodore J. C. Stevens, W. E. Stevens, and Col. J. A. Hamilton, on their return home from their triumphal cruise in the yacht America. The company assembled at half past five o’clock, the members of the club mustering in great numbers. Among the guests invited were Commodores Kearney and Perry, of the U.S Navy, the President of Columbia College; Dr. Kane, Surgeon of the expedition that went in search of Sir John Franklin (Captain De Haven, the commander of the expedition, was unable to be present); and Captain Comstock, of the U.S. Steamer Baltic with whom Messrs. Stevens and Hamilton returned to the United States. At six o’clock dinner was announced, and the chair was taken by J. Prescott Hall, Esq., having on his right Commodore Stevens, on his left Capt. Hamilton. Mr. Edwin Stevens was prevented, by indisposition, from attending. At the head of the room, the American and English flags were intertwined. The tables were decorated with various devices emblematic of the occasion, and the dinner and wines were such as at the Astor House they know how to serve. Occupying a
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conspicuous position on the table facing the President, was the Cup won by the America in the regatta.” [New York Herald, 3 October 1851]
The October 11, 1851 edition of the N.Y. Courier & Enquirer in covering the event reported: “We have no hesitation in saying that the Dinner Table on this occasion was the most elegant we ever saw; and altogether, the Dinner, in style and sumptuousness, has never been equaled on this continent. We annex the Bill of Fare: -
WELCOME DINNER FROM THE
NEW YORK YACHT CLUB TO
Commodore John C, Stevens, Mr. Edwin A, Stevens, and Mr. James A. Hamilton ----
Green Turtle,
Soup.
Okra Fish. Boiled Salmon Trout, Lobster sauce. Boiled Sheeps Head, Oyster sauce. Releves. Young Capons, garnished, Montmarcenci style. Roast Saddle of Mutton, with Current Jelly. Fillets of Roast Beef, with Truffles. Young Turkey, Perigor style. Cold and Ornamental Dishes Boned Partridges, with Truffles, on a Pedestal. Cake of Game, garnished, with Atelettes. Chickens in form of Swans, on a Socle. Boned Turkey, with Truffles, on a Pedestal. Relishes Pickles, Anchovies, Sardines, Olives Small Dishes Croquettes of Game, in form of Pears. Small Basket of Chicken Fillet of Chicken, with Cream Fillet of Eels, decorated. Oysters, fried in Butter. Side Dishes Cutlets of Pigeon, on a form of Bread, Mushroom sauce. Game Salade, garnished, with Eggs, ornamented. Form of Rice, garnished, with Supreme of Partridges Sweet Breads, a la St. Cloud, Diadem Form. Small Cutlets of Lamb, with French Peas. Fillets of Eels, with Oysters, Cream sauce. Pies, garnished with Quail, a la Financiere. Lobster, garnished with Quenelles of Salmon. Breast of Chicken, with Young Vegetables. Mayonaire of Lobster, in a border of Jelly. Salmi of Woodcock, with Truffles. Reed Birds, baked, Perigreux sauce Version 1.4
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Asparagus, Butter sauce, Crust with new Mushrooms, Baked Sweet Potatoes, Lima Beans, Oyster Plant, Egg Plant, Roast Grey Duck. Roast Quail, Broiled Woodcock, Charlotte Russe, Rum Jelly, Lafayette Cakes, The America and Titania, Crystal Palace, Frigate Constitution, Steamer Baltic Almond Cakes, Lady Fingers, Almond Macaroons, Vanilla Cream,
Vegetables
Game
Pastry President Cakes, Claret Jelly, Bavarian Cheese, Ornamental Confectionery
Confects.
Baked stuffed Tomatoes, Baked mashed Potatoes, Cauliflowers, Cream sauce, String Beans, Green Peas, Celery. Roast Partridges, Broiled Rice Birds on Toast, Broiled Yellow-Leg Snipe, French Cream Cakes, Champagne Jelly, Swiss Meringues. Temple of Liberty, Chinese Pagoda National Temple, Club House of Hoboken. Lady Macaroons, Cocoa Macaroons, Strawberry Tarts, Lemon Cream.
Preserves Preserved Ginger, Canton Chow Chow, Pine Apples, Pears Plums, Brandy Peaches. Fruit Almonds, Raisins, Figs, Apples, Egg Plums, Vergaloo Pears, Madeira Nuts, Peaches, Sweet Water Grapes, Hamburg Grapes, Oranges
Commodore Stevens’ banquet remarks concluded with: “The Cup before you is the trophy of that day’s victory. I promised, half jest, and half earnest, when I parted with you, to bring it home to you. The performance of this promise is another exemplification of the truth of an old saw, “that what is oftentimes said in jest, is sometimes done in earnest.” I am requested by the gentlemen owning this Cup, to beg your acceptance of it as a testimony of their gratitude for the interest you have so keenly felt, and so often and kindly expressed, in our welfare and success.” 85 Thus, the Cup was donated to the New York Yacht Club. Sort of. According to George Schuyler’s later memo, the Cup’s donation and acceptance had not been noted in the NYYC minutes because it had not been accompanied by a “letter outlining the conditions of the trophy’s future use,” or a “deed.” Following the event, Nathaniel Bloodgood, NYYC Secretary brought the Cup to his home at 8th and Broadway (Astor Place), Greenwich Village in a carpetbag86 where it soon became “hidden behind a stack of books and papers and lay for years tarnished and all but rejected.” Between October 1851 and early May 1852, Schuyler, J. C. Stevens, Edwin Stevens, William E. Laight (a lawyer representing Hamilton Wilkes who was ill in Europe), and Beekman Finlay met to draft a Deed of Gift. During the first meeting, general terms were discussed, and a second meeting reviewed a draft of proposed terms of the gift which was written by Schuyler. On May 15, 1852 Schuyler, Laight (on behalf of Wilkes) and Finlay signed the Deed. On May 17, 1852 Schuyler sent the Deed and a letter of explanation to John Cox Stevens for final approval, signature and forwarding to NYYC. For unknown reasons, the Stevens
85 86
Steven’s entire prepared remarks to the banquet are included in the Appendix. SI The Color of Glory Sept 8, 1958.
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brothers never sent the signed Deed to the NYYC. A preamble was added by John Cox Stevens, recording the experience of America’s win. Hamilton Wilkes died of tuberculosis in Europe on December 16, 1852. Following the initial excitement of the win by America, there was an 18 ½-year 87gap between the first race for the Cup and its first defense. As discussed in his thesis, The America’s Cup Deed of Gift, Dr. Hamish Ross opined: “There was brief hope of a return match during the New York Exhibition for the Industry of All Nations held in 1853, a commercially unsuccessful American imitation of the Great Exhibition of 1851, complete with its own (but leaky) Crystal Palace. The NYYC announced in the winter of 1852 that it would host an international yacht race during the New York Exhibition, offering a $500 prize. It would be open to yachts of all nations and would be held off New York. There was no overseas interest in the race, as Europe’s attention lay to the East in the Crimea, where a war lasting from 1853 until 1856 was being fought against Russian expansion. Despite their discussions to create an international competition for the Cup over the proceeding months, the America Syndicate did not offer the Cup as the prize for the replicated race. The lack of interest from Europe to compete may have dampened their enthusiasm to gift the Cup for international competition. Interestingly, none of the Donors seemed to have actively participated in NYYC racing after 1851, demonstrating that perhaps after the excitement of the America’s victory, their attention had moved on to other matters. This might explain why the proposal to gift the Cup was not followed up and completed before John Cox Stevens’ death in 1857.” 88 America’s designer and builder George Steers died in September, 1856 at age 36 from injuries sustained in a carriage accident. Although he was noted specifically on the engravings on the Cup, Steers never forgave Schuyler for failing to give him more credit for his design in the success of America. On July 8, 1857, Commodore Stevens transferred ownership of the Cup via the Deed of Gift to the New York Yacht Club as a “perpetual Challenge Cup for friendly competition between foreign countries.” This instrument is now known as simply “The Deed” (see The Deed chapter in Compendium). 9th July 1857 Dear Sir, The Cup won by the yacht America in Cowes, Aug. 22nd/51 was presented to the N. Y. Yacht club by the owners Messrs. John C. Stevens, Edwin Stevens, Hamilton Wilkes, J. Beekman Finlay, Geo. L. Schuyler. The presentation of the Cup took place at a dinner given to the Messrs. Stevens with the understanding that a written communication as to the conditions attached to it should shortly be made. A meeting was held soon after, the conditions agreed upon, drawn up and signed. The paper was then sent to Commodore Stevens to be transmitted to you. As this matter has not been attended to and Mr. Stevens is now deceased, I enclose a copy hoping that the New York Yacht Club will see fit to accept at this time the conditions of gift then attached to the Cup and give notice of the same to the New York Yacht Club of foreign countries. I merely changed the date of the communication to this time as it does not seem necessary to go back in any official of the matter beyond this letter of explanation which should be entered on the minutes. Very Truly Yours, George L. Schuyler [Letter dated 9th July 1857 from George Lee Schuyler to the Secretary of the New York Yacht Club 89]
The Cup and the Deed are inseparable. The Deed90 specifically references the Cup as follows: “…between George L. Schuyler as sole surviving owner of the Cup won by the yacht AMERICA at Cowes, England, on the twenty-second
87 August 22, 1851 to August 8, 1870.
88 Dr. Hamish Ross, The America’s Cup Deeds of Gift, 2017, P49.
89 654 Reproduced from Volume II Minute Books – New York Yacht Club.
90 In this case, the Amended Deed of Gift dated 24 October, 1887, para. 2.
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day of August, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one…by these presents does grant, bargain, sell, transfer, and set over, unto said party of the second part, its successors and assigns, the Cup won by the schooner yacht AMERICA, at Cowes, England upon the twentysecond day of August, 1851.”
At the time, the Cup was valued at about US$525. Adjusted for inflation, £100 is now worth £13,230.05 ($14,923.50) (2022). Recently, the Cup was reported as being insured for NZ$500,000 (US$349,500), but, in fact, is priceless. 91 July 9, 1857, the NYYC officially accepted the Cup at their meeting at the Elysian Fields Clubhouse in Hoboken, N.J.
New York Yacht Club as 1st Trustee 7/8/1857 - 9/26/1983 [126 years, 1.5 months]
At the time Commodore John Cox Stevens, et al, won the Cup in 1851, the fledgling New York Yacht Club (N.Y.Y.C.) met at Hoboken, NJ (1845-1868). On June 10, 1868 it relocated to the N. H. Wolfe Cottage, Clifton, Staten Island, NY and later, on May 1, 1884, to 67 Madison Avenue in New York City. Prior to reaching its eventual home, the Cup was generally secured in the vaults (and occasionally displayed) at Tiffany & Co. Jewelers at 15 Union Square West, New York City. In 1878, The New York Yacht Club paid the sum of $6.38 for “Insurance on America’s Cup.” 92 Fortunately, the premium for 1879 remained at $6.38. [$190.13 in 2022]. Interestingly, it was the only item specifically insured by the Club. “Though of so little intrinsic worth, even the insurance companies appreciate the sentimental value of this trophy, and the Queens Insurance Company of America issued a policy for $1,400, payable to the treasurer of the N.Y.Y.C. in favor of the Cup. This policy covered the Cup in Tiffany’s and wherever it may be taken. The insurance company placed the intrinsic value of the cup at $500 but added $900 “on account of its associations.” [Salt Lake Herald: Sunday, September 10, 1899, page 16, Story of the America’s Cup]. From 1857 to 1901, the New York Yacht Club held 11 Defenses of America’s Cup, consisting of 29 races. In 1886 “In the dining room of the club at 67 Madison Avenue…Secretary “Jack” Oddie held [the Cup] up sideways so that “Paddy” Henn might see how impossible it is to fill it with wine or anything else.” 93 The Harper’s Weekly ran an article on the May 7, 1891 “Anniversary Dinner of the New York Yacht Club.” “The club house was beautifully decorated, and the model room, with the honored America’s Cup, the Commodore’s Challenge Cup, the cup presented to Captain Osgood of the schooner Magic, and the Sappho’s cup, were the prominent trophies in an array that must have represented upward of $100,000. The most stirring event of the evening was when, at the conclusion of the dinner, all rose and joined in the rousing “Song of the Cup” composed by ex-Commodore Nicholas Kane, and given herewith: “The cup! The Cup! Fill up! Fill up! Oh, size, the night is young. And faint the heart would care to part before the song is sung! The Neptune strikes the string till the grand traditions ring: Oh, never yet have yachtsmen met a nobler theme to sing! CHORUS
Figure 38 Harper's Weekly May 22, 1891
Then pipe the watch and pot the cork, let landsmen go below; Upon my word, the always do whene’er the breezes blow. I pledge you, sirs, the cup! May we never give it up! A bumper, sirs: The club! Hurrah! The Cup! The cup! The cup!”
In 1893 the Marquis of Ormonde, vice commodore of the Royal Yacht Squadron attended the races between Vigilant and Valkyrie, for the sole purpose of signing the Deed of Gift which would transfer the Cup to the British. It was premature – Vigilant won the series 3:0, and the Cup stayed with NYYC for the next 90 years.
91 In February 2010, Garrard quoted £260,000 for a detailed replacement. At current exchange rates (2023) = £373,160.45 (UKP)|$464,062.34 (US)| NZD$764,008.71 (NZ). 92 Cash Account of New York Yacht Club, 2/1/1877-1878. 93 Wm. U. Swan, The America’s Cup, Sketch Book Magazine, c.1930. p40.
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A photograph titled “The America’s Cup 1891, appeared in “The Graphic – An Illustrated Weekly Newspaper” Volume 44, July to December 1891. From the Hulton Archive. This photo showed the Cup on a short (4”?) high plinth. In 1899, on the eve of the Shamrock Challenge from Sir Thomas Lipton: “It is a mighty valuable trophy and no wonder the banquet hall of the New York Yacht Club echoes these days with the refrain, “Oh, the cup, the cup, we will never give it up.” Its members have come to regard it as a fixture. So has Tiffany, and the firm would feel as though part of the building were taken away should the Shamrock be victorious. The trophy is kept in a large vault, year in and year out, and only removed on great occasions to the club house, where it is taken with solemn pomp. It is regarded as so immensely precious the members that to speak of it as an “old mug” they consider rank desecration. 94 No more will they allow it to be handled and so it was only by chance a few years ago that the Cup was discovered to be bottomless. The Commodore, as a mighty honor to a British guest, ordered the steward to fill it with wine, to drink to the foreigner’s health. The steward cracked a bottle, but lo and behold the wine gushed out the other end, much to everyone’s amazement and overflowed many an evening dress. No one had dared before to turn the bottom up or they would have seen that the base…..has a hole three inches in diameter. Either the English silversmiths intended for it this way or did not have time to put in a bottom.” [Salt Lake Herald: ibid] Even after moving into their new clubhouse located at 37-41 West 44th Street, New York, NY [GPS Lat 40.75570 Lon. -73.98129] at 1 AM on January 19th, 1901, America’s Cup was not openly kept on display. Leslie’s Weekly Illustrated newspaper, September 21st, 1901 wrote: “The Cup is now kept in Tiffany’s safe deposit vault and shown at intervals to only a favored few or brought out perhaps at a New York Yacht Club dinner.” “The nearest the game challengers have ever been to the Cup is to look at in Tiffany’s window or perchance view it on the banquet tables at the New York Yacht club house.” [Salt Lake Herald: ibid] Later, however, it was placed on display on a simple mahogany display table, 22 inches (55.9 cm) high and 20 x 20 inches square (50.8 x 50.8 cm) [see PLATE VIII] located in front of the massive fireplace in the Model Room. In November of 1902, Colonel Cherman Crawford, Vice Commodore of the Royal Ulster YC accompanied Shamrock III to New York. Displaying great anticipation of a win, he cabled back “Have the safe ready for the America’s cup.” 95 November 18, 1905 – “A dinner was served in the “ship” room of the clubhouse. On a table, surrounded by American Beauty roses, stood the America’s Cup, which had been taken from Tiffany’s yesterday for the express purpose of exhibiting it before the prince (Louis). This cup has been stored in the vaults at Tiffany’s since the dinner given by the club to Sir Thomas Lipton, when he made his last attempt to take it back to British shores” NYTribune, p7. At some point the Cup, which is somewhat top-heavy, was damaged when knocked over by a cleaning crew, sending it to the floor, and damaging it severely, “bending the ornate neck.” The Cup was sent to Tiffany & Co. for repairs. 96 While generally fixed, the Cup had a definite “lean” to it as a result of the incident. Upon its return, the Club installed the infamous “Bolt” - less for the security of the Cup at the time, but to protect against a repeat of the incident. On May 12, 1915 Tiffany & Co. Safe Deposit Department provided receipt No. 14052 to “New York Yacht Club, 37 West 44. Please deliver to bearer America’s Cup – for storage and oblige Tiffany & Co. per E. Schurmager. Please see that the Driver signs receipt on back.” The back was signed “received May 12, 1915 “America Cup W. McGrath.” 97
Figure 39 Tiffany Safe Deposit Receipt 1915
On Oct. 2nd 1930 Tiffany & Co. Safe Deposit Department provided receipt No. 42422 to “New York Yacht Club, 37 West 44. Please deliver to bearer America’s Cup – for storage and oblige Tiffany & Co. per Caufield. Please see that the Driver signs receipt on back.” The back was signed “received Oct 2 1930 Cup Tiffany for Martin.”
94 Sir Lipton had the habit of referring to America’s Cup as “the Old Mug.” 95 Atlanta Constitution (GA) 11/13/1902 pg. 11
96 It is possible that this was the time that “lead solder,” instead of silver solder was mistakenly introduced. (see discussion later in section)
97 Likely for a reception for Admiral Fletcher, his staff and the officers of the battleship in the Hudson. 200 attended; music and a late supper. NY Tribune, May 12, 1915.
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On Jan. 20, 1933 Tiffany & Co. Safe Deposit Department provided receipt No. 45099 to “New York Yacht Club, 37 West 44. Please deliver to bearer America’s Cup – for storage and oblige Tiffany & Co. per L. Oaich. Please see that the Driver signs receipt on back.” [Back was signed in pencil, but illegible.] It is unclear why the Cup was sent for “storage” at the Tiffany & Co. vault in 1915, 1930 and again in 1935, although it had been routinely stored at Tiffany & Co. prior to the completion of the new NYYC clubhouse in 1901. Commodore William Dyer Jones did relate that the Cup – in its black wood case – was sent to Tiffany & Co. from time to time “for engraving and polishing.” There was a widely-published newspaper photo captioned “Girls Are Crowding Around the Window of Tiffany’s Jewelry Store on 5th Avenue to Get a Glimpse of the Famous America’s Cup” (September 19, 1934). 98 Sometime after the stock market crash of 1929 however, the Cup and its case were relocated to the rotunda past the top of the main lobby marble entrance stairs, then down several steps, to an area referred to as “Palm Cafe.” 99 The lights in the room were on 24 hours a day and a guard was posted to make sure no one made off with the Cup in the middle of the night. The Cup itself was bolted100 to a new, 43-inch (109 cm) wide, octagonal, rather rough, dark-stained oak wood display table [see PLATE VI] with a 5/8” hole in its center, replete with a red velvet pad and glass case, the steel rod101 with brass fittings and a unique tamperproof nut, for which a special wrench was needed. The wrench was said to be stowed in the club safe along with the original Deed of Gift. Casual viewing of the Cup by the world outside of the NYYC members was “controlled” (i.e. “virtually unheard of”), usually citing words to the effect “this is a private, exclusive, membership-only club.” (In a December 15, 1944 NYT article regarding the 100th year anniversary of the NYYC, it was reported that “The America’s Cup, taken out of bank-vault camphor, was on display.” This suggests that the Cup was still generally relegated to either Tiffany or the banks’ safekeeping.) The Cup could also be seen from the clubhouse bar through a break in the curtains. The original Cup bears the inscribed results for the races of 1851 through 1937. (1851, 1870, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1893, 1899, 1901, 1903, 1920, 1930, 1934 and 1937) From 1901 to 1980, the New York Yacht Club held 13 Defenses of America’s Cup.
After Volunteer’s 1887 victory over Thistle, the New York Times wrote: “Lock it away in a safe. Cherish it tenderly. It is not a very wonderful cup, as cups go, but it means a wonderful lot. The British Isle was old when the American continent was a baby, but when it comes to building yachts, or any other department of applied science, the mother country can never lead, but only, like the Thistle, fall submissively into line.” (NYT via Fisher V1p77)
98 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/girls-are-crowding-around-the-window-of-tiffanys-jewellery-news-photo/105214435 99 The Palm Cafe is 25 feet in diameter and two stories high.
Up until the early 1930’s it housed a ticker-tape machine for stock market reports and the news. (Antiques Magazine, Sept. 1980). 100 Many historical references to the original Ewer state that it was “bottomless.” The original silversmith, Garrard Ltd, of London in a letter dated 18 November 1994 stated, “we are in no doubt that the Cup would have been a complete ewer, and therefore have held liquid when it was originally made.” (This is generally believed to refer to the topmost section or cruet, not the entire ewer.) It appears that after the 1901 installation at the newly-built NYYC clubhouse, a hole was bored through the inner-bottom of the upper stem in order to securely attach it to its display pedestal. 101 A 1998 sketch shows a 5/8” diameter bolt with a 1 3/8-inch diameter x 1/8” thick retaining washer, located about 2 ½ inches up from the lowest limits of the caststerling ewer handle (i.e. attached above the top of the 12-inch-wide portion of the cup.)
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On the August 25, 1934 cover of The New Yorker magazine, artist Rea Irvin featured the Cup and Poseidon with a trident. The Cup was shipped back to England for display at the 1951 Festival of Britain’s National Sporting Trophies Exhibition at Hutchinson House in London until October. The Cup had not been out of New York almost for 100 years. On April 4, 1951, America’s Cup along with the Curtis Cup (Women’s Golf), the Wightman Cup (tennis), and the Philadelphia Gold Challenge Cup (sculling) were turned over to the Cunard Line for passage on the Queen Elizabeth which set out for Europe on April 6. The thencurrent insurance valuation for America’s Cup alone was $75,000 ($836,406 in 2022); the four trophies, sailed locked in the on-board vault of the Queen Elizabeth, had a combined insured value of £250,000 (£8,367,184 or $11,006,194 in 2022). 102 The Cup was photographed on April 27, 1951 at the Exhibition, Hutchinson House, London, atop a glasstop table, and then separately on a small black table. Figure 49
For one week (March 19-23, 1958,) the Cup was on display at the Museum of the City of New York on 5th Avenue for an “America’s Cup Races 1851-1958” history exhibition, which ran from 3/19/1958 to 10/5/1958. Two “marble-floored rooms devoted to the Cup” included yacht models and wood cuts and photographs and lithographs by Currier and Ives, and the remains of the schooner America’s topmast, a brass spike and bolt and a pair of deadeyes.” “Most important of all is the Cup itself, unlovely in its Victorian ornateness, right at the door,” wrote John Rendel for the NYT. But to Winifred McCulloch of the museum’s staff, it was just a piece of silverware that needed brightening. “We took photographs of it yesterday and I polished it. I guess somebody had done the job before, but I thought it could use a little more and went over it with a cloth.” On May 28, 1958 Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. premiered a 27-minute movie entitled “The Story of the America’s Cup” to a crowd of 600 invited guests including “yachtsmen, sportsmen or window-shoppers at Abercrombie & Fitch” at the Waldorf-Astoria’s, 301 Park Avenue, Sert Room in New York City. The 4-o’clock premier party featured “four violin players, forty waiters and a year’s supply of canapes” and “abundant scotch and champagne …for those guests who wanted something stronger than tea.” The film started at 5 PM and a buffet followed.103 Later in 1958, to allow room for engraving of inscriptions of the winning teams, a first-tier sterling silver plinth 7.00 inch- (17.78 cm-) high and 10.29 inches (26.14 cm) in bottom diameter, was added by Tiffany & Co. (New York, NY). This made the trophy 31 5/8 inches(88.58 cm-) high, again, with no wood base. Race results on this tier include 1958, 1962, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1988, 1992 and 1995. Unlike the original Garrard-made trophy, the new plinth was made in the USA. As such, there are no official “hallmarks” on this part of the trophy. It is, however, stamped inside on the underside of the top surface, “Tiffany & Co.” and a project number is evident. The engraving on the plinth is uniform throughout, with the slight exception of 1995’s entries.
Figure 50 First Plinth (c. 1958)
102
A NYT article on March 24,1951 indicated that the Cup “now stands bolted to a table at the center of the model room at the NYYC.”
103 As reported by the New York Times May 29, 1958.
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Over the years, numerous requests were made to the NYYC to make the Cup available for exhibit. The somewhat standard response, as penned by Commodore Percy Chubb in September, 1967 was “in self-defense and in discharge of our responsibilities as Trustees of the Cup, we have had to establish a firm position that we cannot let it out of our possession under these (sort of) circumstances.” 104 A similar denial was written in November, 1966 by then-Commodore Chauncey Stillman – “ I regret that I must refuse your request. For a great many years, it has been the policy of the New York Yacht Club that the cup must remain in our trophy room until such time as it is won from us in competition.” 105 [The famed Algonquin Hotel in New York City and the New York Yacht Club, almost next door to each other on 44th Street, shared a special relationship: occasionally, guests of The Algonquin, if they asked nicely, were actually given special access to view America’s Cup.]106 The Cup remained on display in Palm Café except for the three weeks during the summer when the Club was closed for maintenance. During those times the Cup was secured in its black wood case, along with other club treasures, in the basement wine cellar. But was the Cup ever “bottomless?” A review of the available photographs, especially those taken during the repairs, show no evidence that the ewer, as a whole, was ever conceived, built or intended to hold liquids. However, there is no uncertainty that the uppermost segment, the cast spout (cruet) was originally fully sealed at the bottom, until it was drilled out to allow for the installation of “the Bolt” to secure the Cup in place. The liquid-tightness of this top section (only) was restored during the 1997 repairs. One report in the Canberra Times indicates that the Cup was not put on full-time display in its enclosure and on the Palm Cafe table until approximately 1968 and there it remained until 1983. (15 years)107 While at the NYYC, only one man, New York Yacht Club Photographer Stanley Rosenfeld, had even been permitted to take pictures of the Cup. And before Stanley, his father – Morris Rosenfeld had the job. 108
A 1962 Edition of Motor Boating Magazine captured America’s Cup (photograph taken before the addition of the 1958 First Plinth). The photo shows the leather settee and half-hull models in the grand Model Room of the New York Yacht Clubhouse on 44th Street in New York. The Cup is shown on the octagonal table with the perimeter edging strips of the Cup’s glass case – but without the case itself.
104 Letter NYYC Chubb to Lions Club of Fort Washington NY 9/29/1967.
105 Letter NYYC Stillman to Nat. Assn of Engine and Boat Manuf. 11/17/1966. 106 Sydney Morning Herald, 10/30/1983, pg 142
107 Nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116409029 [9/28/1983 p8]. 108 Boston Globe – Leigh Montville 9/28/1983.
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On May 12, 1958, the Cup appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated –“The America’s Cup Top Sporting Event of 1958.” In 1972 and in an obvious fit of optimism, the Royal Perth Yacht Club of W.A. (Inc.) 6 Australia II Drive, Crowley WA 6009 [GPS Lat. -31.985268; Long. 115.824740] installed a brass socket plate in the floor of their club, “already threaded to the right size,” ready to accept the mounting of America’s Cup. In an internationally-published photograph, Commodore Alan Edwards was shown holding a “spanner” (wrench) that he “would use to unscrew the America’s Cup” from its perch at the NYYC. [This was rather premature as RPYC’s Southern Cross lost to Courageous 4:0]…. [As was the 1977 promise: Courageous beat Australia 4:0] Figure 41 SI Cover 1958
[As was the 1980 promise: Freedom beat Australia II 4:1]]
Figure 40 RPYC Floor Plate installed 1972 in preparation for a 1974 win
At the NYYC on November 21, 1974, Yachtsman Ted Hood was photographed with the Cup for Sports Illustrated. Shown was the octagonal table and the red velvet pad (sans the glass case!) But for a trophy that was used to residing in the serene shrine of the venerable New York Yacht Club, its final days in the U.S. were most eventful. “To stir up the NYYC prior to the famous [1983] seventh race, Warren Jones rang Bob McCullough and asked him what the arrangements were for handing over the Cup should we win it. Bob was totally flummoxed and said that there were none as they never contemplated having to do so,” recalled John Longley RPYC archivist. The NYYC held a 7-race Twenty-fifth Defense of America’s Cup on September 14, to September 26, 1983. The regatta was won (4:3|1) by challenger yacht Australia II, against defender yacht Liberty (NYYC). Royal Perth Yacht Club (RPYC) assumed the Cup as its 2nd Trustee. NYCC relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 126 years, 1.5 months. Throughout its 126-year, 2.5 month 109 term with NYYC as trustee, while the America’s Cup Defense races were held in New York City (1870-1930) and then in Newport, R.I., (1932-1983) the Cup itself rarely left its bolted perch (except possibly for occasional trips back to Tiffany’s for polishing and engraving of new wins) until 27 September 1983. (see The Deed for the results of the NYYC-as-Trustee races). And the legend was that any skipper who lost America’s Cup must offer his head as a substitute for the trophy. Harsh
The Departure After the 0:41 loss by Liberty late in the afternoon on September 26, 1983, the transfer was going slowly. As the race ended at 5:20PM, NYYC members began arriving at the club. Just after 5:30 they called Newport for instructions - the Cup could not be removed from the Clubhouse without the express approval of William “Bill” H. Foulk, Jr., the House Committee Chairman, who was still on Black Knight, the Race Committee Boat at Goat Island Marina in Newport. It was decided that Brinks (“we wanted the best”) armored car would be called, and the Cup would be transferred to Newport that night. 110
109 7/8/1857 to 9/27/1983 (deed); or 132 years since the October 1 1851 Banquet presentation.
110 This was considered to be a “contingency plan.” One week prior, the NYYC House Committee tasked Promotion and Marketing director Bud
Fullerton to develop a plan to transfer the Cup should the unthinkable occur. On Friday Fullerton recommended a “pool system” for reporters and photographers due to space concerns at the Clubhouse. But, on Sunday, a secretive alternate plan was conceived involving the immediate transfer of the Cup to Newport that night for presentation the following day if Australia was successful. The decision was made at the last minute and confirmation was “in code” between Black Knight and NYYC as they knew radio traffic could be monitored.
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In New York City, there were approximately thirty “full voting” members of the Club in attendance who, after deliberation, voted 255 against allowing the press to attend or photograph any unbolting ceremony. It would be private. The Brink’s guards arrived at 7:50 and were prepared to unbolt the Cup from the table in the Palm Café, “but somehow that did not seem appropriate. Too hard. Too cruel. The 60 yacht club members who were present at the time gathered in an impromptu circle and did the job themselves…..one or two actual tears followed.” 111 At 8:17 PM EDST, the club’s head chef – a senior member who wore his white hat, removed the Bolt using a small silver wrench, overseen by Mr. Sohei Hohri, Librarian of the NYYC: the 25-year custodian of the Cup. Brokenhearted members of the NYYC bought Korbel Black Label Champagne bottles from the bar and attempted to fill America’s Cup for a final toast (“that Neptunus Rex would see the Cup returned to West 44th Street.”) – only to end up staining the blue carpet of the Palm Café when the liquid poured through the hole in the center of the Cup, onto the table and then through the hole in the top of the table left by the missing bolt. “The symbolism was nice, but it was sloppy” said one member. “One of the kitchen staff tried to wipe it up with an apron.” This left the cup “a sticky mess.” The trophy was divided into two cases - the 1958 bottom plinth, bearing the most recent winners was placed in a small jewelry box and the original 1848 Cup, in its green “Pacific Cloth” pouch, was placed it into the black plywood case that Sohei Hohri used for storage when the trophy room was given its annual full-scale cleaning or for transport to Tiffany & Co., and was packed with bubble wrap. John Reid, ranking member in attendance, assured that every member of the NYYC present signed an “Official Statement of Receipt” before the Cup left the building. It is estimated that over 70 members - including some family members – signed the receipt. And finally, at 8:30 PM the trophy was raised and every member in the club touched it for the last time as it was carried out by three somber-faced club members112 and put squarely in the middle of the cargo area of the armored car. The boxes were then cushioned and had thick pipes bolted on either side to hold the Cup securely for its trip to Newport. Some 100 tourists and local and international media watched from the sidewalk as the solemn procession proceeded. (In a moment of levity as the boxes were loaded into the Brinks truck, Reid asked the group “How do we know we aren’t giving the Cup away to be melted down on 8th Avenue?”) 113 But he also added, showing sportsmanship “I guess if Australia wanted the table and glass case, we should probably give them that too.” 114 Back at the NYYC, by midnight all members had departed and the former glass display enclosure at 37 West 44th Street was left with only an inverted, empty champagne bottle. After several wake-like evening meetings in Newport, the parties met aboard Black Knight, impatiently awaiting the arrival of the Brink’s truck with its priceless cargo – it had left Manhattan at 8:45 PM for the 177 mile, 3-hour 15-minute trip! At 12:30 AM, the auto driven by Peter Wawra, NYYC manager and Sohei Hohri (with the steel security bolt) that was to have accompanied the shipment drove up, but the armored truck had disappeared. Newport Police posted a watch on the Newport Bridge to direct the truck when it finally showed. The Newport police, Brink’s in tow, arrived at 1:30 A.M. Apparently, Brinks’ vice president John Fisher had been so concerned about security that they decided to switch armored trucks at their warehouse in New Haven, CT. We “were scared to death that it was going to be taken,” said Fisher. After 2:00 A.M. the Cup was transferred to a Ford station wagon and was escorted by two Newport Police cars to Commodore Dyer Jones’ Chastelleux Avenue carriage house where it “spent the rest of the night on a coffee table” – guarded by a Newport police officer
111 Boston Globe, 28 Sep 1983. Montville.
112 Sydney Morning Herald, Jason Dasey article, 9/28/1983.
1138th Avenue is the recognized wholesale jewelry district in New York City.
114
Sides, C. 9/28/1983. New York takes no chances on ‘America’s Plate’, The Age, p1.
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and police dog. When the box containing the Cup, still damp from the champagne, was opened, the cop reportedly commented “Phew! It smells like it’s 132 years old.” So back into the case it went. To assure that no imitation was ever presented as the true America’s Cup, prior to turning it over to the new trustees, two NYYC members (independently and unbeknownst to one another) each placed distinctive identifying marks on the Cup. The marks and their locations were recorded, placed in sealed envelopes and are stored in the NYYC clubhouse vault 115. It is important to note that despite the multiple “gold spanner” wrenches brandished and held aloft over the years by Alan Bond and others, when it came time to relinquish the Cup to the new trustee, it was not unbolted by those victors, but instead was removed by the gentlemen of the New York Yacht Club who had cherished and cared for America’s Cup for 132 years. And at the New York Yacht Club to this day, above the table that held the Cup a light still shines. Early on the 27th, John G. Winslow, President of the Preservation Society of Newport County arrived at Jones’ house accompanied by four Newport Police cruisers – their officers wearing bullet-proof vests – and shortly thereafter appeared at Marble House, bearing the large black case. “He asked me to polish it up,” said Robert (“Rob”) C. Marvelle, Sr. [1953-2021]. “When I opened it up, it was the [sticky, champagne-drenched] America’s Cup!” Marvelle, the Head Caretaker of Marble House (596 Bellevue Avenue, Newport RI 02840 [GPS Lat 41.462091; Long -71.305859]) from 1975-2020, and his wife Lois (Bigelow) “took it and put it in the sink in the butler’s pantry and cleaned it right up” to prepare it for presentation later that morning. (Note: photos do not show the 1958 “first plinth” or lower section of the Cup, but it did accompany the original trophy upper section to Newport, albeit in a separate box.) Even the wood case was a mess and had to be cleaned out and laid in the sun to dry. Winslow and Mr. and Mrs. Marvelle were perhaps the first – and last - Newporters to have actually handled the Cup during its reign at NYYC. The Cup was then taken to the Marble House trophy room where it was photographed. Club Figure 53 Rob and Lois Marvelle at historian Sohei Hohri said “It’s the end of a truly glorious era.” Marble House
In its 132 years, America’s Cup had never been filled with beer or champagne or hoisted aloft and passed around by a winning (or losing) crew. On the day the Cup was transferred to the new winner, the Royal Perth Yacht Club, it was finally on display in Newport for the first time ever, albeit briefly, at the ceremony at Marble House 116. Midmorning aboard the New York Yacht Club motor yacht Black Knight, RPYC Commodore Peter R. Dalzeill signed the Transfer and Acceptance117 document in which the Royal Perth Yacht Club (RPYC) assumed the responsibility for living up to the terms and conditions of the Cup’s Deed of Gift that requires the Cup to be placed “in friendly competition among nations” forever. At 12:30 P.M. on the rear terrace of Marble House, the Cup was presented by Vice-Commodore Robert G. Stone, Jr. (NYYC) to Commodore Dalziell of the RPYC. The Bolt that secured the Cup at the NYYC was then presented to Alan Bond and “[t]hey gave Benny Lexcen a flattened-out Plymouth hub cap as he had threatened to put the Cup out of its misery and run a steam roller over it,” recalled Longley. (see America’s Plate, pg. 170). In this gracious manner, the Cup was properly conveyed to the representatives of the new Trustee Yacht Club, per the Deed of Gift, and both the winning yacht owner and its designer were recognized. In 30 minutes, the ceremony was over. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-26/the-new-york-yacht-club-when-australia-won-americas-cup-hawke/100422744 POSTSCRIPT: In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald in September 1984, a new tradition reportedly began at the New York Yacht Club following the departure of the Cup – members often rub their shoes vigorously on the blue carpet of the Palm Café trophy room. “We want it back. We kinda consider it a part of the furniture.”
115 It is unknown if these marks survived the rebuilding of the Cup following the attack in 1997.
116 117
Marble House was built by William K. Vanderbilt, owner of AC winner Defender in 1895. A copy of this can be found in The Deed in America’s Cup Compendium.
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Royal Perth Yacht Club as 2nd Trustee 9/27/1983 - 2/3/1987 [3 years, 4 months]
After the presentation, the Cup was taken charge of by Dr. Stan Reid, a former Commodore of RPYC. After a “not so quick” visit to the Australia II crew house, Dyer Jones gave Reid a ride downtown. Now in the hands of the Aussies, America’s Cup spent the night of September 27, 1983 locked in the bank vault at the Rhode Island Hospital Trust Bank at Thames and Green Streets [GPS Lat. 41.485745;Long. -71.314769] in Newport, Rhode Island. The following morning, Assistant Bank Manager Richard E. O’Neill requested of the Australian representative, that the Cup be removed from the box for a quick photograph. “I thought it would be bigger, heavier” O’Neill said. “It was definitely lighter than I expected.” The Australian commented that he was glad O’Neill made the suggestion as he “did not like the way it was packed.” 118 September 22, 1983 saw the Cup being displayed by Garrard and Co. Ltd, its original manufacturers, at the Antiques Show and Sale benefiting the Newport Harbor Art Museum. On September 28 at 3:30 PM before leaving the United States, the American and the Australian teams were welcomed by President Ronald Reagan at the White House Rose Garden in Washington, DC. Mr. Reagan commented “Don’t bolt that Cup down too tightly.” (The Cup was not in attendance) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIeQ04hyRCY [In 1972, RPYC had installed an engraved, threaded brass plate on the second floor of their clubhouse, ostensibly to be the new 1974 “bolt down” location for the Cup. (see prior comments at Figure 40 above.)] The Cup was flown by Quantas Airlines (“City of Perth” 119) aboard a 747 from New York to Perth, via London, as freight. (Quantas claimed the Cup was too large to be put in the cabin.) A Brinks security guard travelled with the Cup from Newport to London and on to Singapore, where two Australian security guards took over for the flight to Perth. On October 2, 1983, RPYC Commodore Peter R. Dalziell brought the Cup to Garrard’s in London for “the test of character” (i.e. was it a phony cup?) It passed. “It certainly is the right one”, said Richard Jarvis, Special Commission Director for Garrard. “The value is inestimable because of its history – probably more than £1 million [$A1.73 million] – but the value of the silver and manufacture to replace it would only be about £15,000 [$A25,950].” 120 When it arrived in Perth, the Cup was stored in a bank vault pending a decision on how and where to display it. Dalziell said “This thing is really fragile. I want no one near it or touching it. It has had a fairly dignified life and we don’t want to make a spectacle out of it. Of course, that has to be weighed against our appreciation that people want to see it.” Despite the cautions, the Cup was nearly knocked over at a presentation in London the day before. Upon arrival at 4:40AM in Australia on October 3, 1983, the declared value of the Cup for Perth Customs was $350,000. (1983 AU$) Dalziel cleared a path through the crowd as two security guards carried the black box through the airport. “You must keep 4 feet away from it all times – 4 feet or we’re just not going to show it,” he warned. “If anything happens to it, we’re dead.” The Cup was displayed at the airport for “only 15 minutes before being whisked away to a bank vault in the city.” At a reception upon returning to Australia on October 26, 1983, Australia II crew had also attempted to fill the ewer with celebratory champagne, only to find their shoes were wet – America’s Cup still had a hole in the bottom. On Thursday night, October 27, 1983 there was a fireworks display on the Swan River. At 9AM on Sunday October 30 the 36 members of the Australia II team assembled at the RPYC. A 20-kilometer, 31-car motorcade proceeded from Fremantle to Perth in a parade reported to have cost $A135,000. [In an unconfirmed article by Susanne Roberts of The Sydney Morning Herald of 14 Sept 1983, Page 2, she reported: “A local furniture manufacturer made a solid jarrah [wood] and glass case for the trophy. It is insured for $10,000 and was air-freighted to Rhode Island
118
Newport Daily News staff article M. Catherine Callahan.
119 Next to the famous “flying kangaroo” emblem, the aircraft now sported a large America’s Cup emblem.
120 Nla.gov.au/nla.news-article116409946. Also The Age article, 3/10/1983 p24. Inspection was actually conducted at the Quantas Airline office on Bond Street,
London.
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last Saturday with a message of encouragement from the West Australian Premier Mr. Brian Burke.” Our research has yet been unable to confirm any portion of this report.] At a press conference Australia II designer Ben Lexcen said “I asked somebody how they kept it so clean. They say it goes to Tiffany’s every year for a scrub-up. Well, we don’t want to hurt the Cup, we think it’s a fantastic thing and its tradition is established so strongly…but I guess it’s going to be going to Mazzucchelli’s121 now to get cleaned.” New Zealander Bruce Jackson recalled being asked to hand polish the Cup while working for a jeweler in Perth. Jackson said “it took hours and hours” to take off a slick of varnish the New York Yacht Club had applied to it after holding it for 132 years. They held it for years and years and rather than polish it they just varnished it, so they didn’t have to take it out of the cupboard and polish it every year. It actually came with an armed guard – although all guards were armed in Australia at the time, and he stood there while the work was being done. I was possibly the first Kiwi to hold the America’s Cup, although there could possibly been others who had polished it before me.” [Editor’s Note: Although possible, it is highly unlikely that the Cup was ever “varnished.” It had been polished at Newport’s Marble House just days before the exchange. It is most likely that what Jackson was removing was just the residue of stale beer and dried champagne from the preceding days.] “Just after the Cup arrived at RPYC the club decided they needed a really good photo of it, so they contacted local photographer Roger Garwood. Roger had a long involvement with the Cup hence the choice. He went to the Club to photo it but decided he needed to do it in his studio in Fremantle. The Club said fine take it but look after it. So, he sat it in the front seat of his car with the seat belt around it and took it home where his studio was. His father had always been a keen follower of the Cup so Roger invited him to dinner that night. Needless to say, his Dad was very impressed to see that the table decoration for dinner that night was America’s Cup.” [John Longley, RPYC Archivist]
It seems that Cup security is a learned experience….
On October 29, 1983, the Royal Perth Yacht Club first displayed the Cup in the third floor Observation Lounge of their 1951 moderndesign headquarters located on Pelican Point at Crawley Bay, 6 Australia II Drive, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 [GPS Lat -31.98846 Lon. 115.82440]. At that time, the insured value of the Cup was set at A$350,000. But display of the Cup was a rarity. The RPYC “will not open its doors to the public for viewing of the Cup, and the trophy might stay in a bank vault if the club cannot provide adequate security at its headquarters on the banks of the Swan River,” said Dalziell. “It’s never been on display in the New York Yacht Club. That’s part of the majesty and mystery of the Cup. It’s a yacht club trophy – everyone around Australia is saying it’s an Australian trophy, but it really isn’t - it’s a yacht club trophy. People at some stage will see it, but generally it will stay under wraps.” Dalziell went on to say “There’s a lot of planning to be done. I don’t think anyone here realizes how much work needs to be done or is involved. We’ve won a Cup, but we’ve created a monster.” The initial thought was to display the Cup in a case in one of the Club’s open, public areas on the ground floor. However, Mr. Ken O’Reilly, a 42-year-old security consultant recommended that the Cup would be easier to protect if it were instead located upstairs in the clubhouse. The Committee chose the Observation Lounge and O’Reilly supervised the construction and installation of a “bombproof shell,” consisting of a six- by nine-foot, 175mm-thick (6.88in) bullet-proof and laminated glass fronted enclosure. The large room, overlooking the Swan River, was carpeted in red and “devoid of furniture. Like a mortuary” - according to news articles – the exception being the red velvet ropes keeping viewers away from the glass. Located in the corner of the room, the brick walls of the building, the concrete floor slab and the steel plate ceiling surrounding the Cup and the pedestal on which it sits were covered in red velvet. Not covered in velvet, it seems, was an automatic steel shutter that was triggered automatically by motion detectors to slam down in front of the glass should anyone get too close. That threaded, engraved, polished brass plate dating back to the 1972 campaign, was still installed in the floor a few feet in front of the glass. A CATV camera watched the Cup 24/7. 122 Mr. O’Reilly ultimately became responsible for the unlocking of the Observation Lounge each day and the locking each night along with the setting of additional security systems. During its residence on the Swan River through 1987, Mr. O’Reilly was responsible for security of the Cup and was the sole handler of the trophy when it was taken out of its case during road tours. When it was finally turned back to Dennis Conner, O’Reilly was said to comment “It feels good to be able to lead a normal life again.”
121 A large commercial jeweler in Australia – similar to Tiffany & Co.
122
Sydney Morning Herald, 3/7/1987, Pat Hanning; Sydney Morning Herald 7/14/1984, staff
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In 1983, Louis Vuitton paid $60,000 ($189,263 in 2024) for the right to be the title sponsor and provided their first LV-signature Transport Case for America’s Cup. This trunk was the only AC-case that was ever clad in blue EPI Leather and lined in a soft beige felt. The case was sized to fit the trophy in its Perspex123 enclosure and the wood base, had a hinged lid with the LV nameplate on the inside, and two L-shaped vertical doors on the front. (See Plate XIX) It was reported 124 that in 1983, the RPYS was responsible for the addition of the 11-inch square wood base with a raised circular area to receive the silver base of the Cup and reused the NYYC bolt to fasten the Cup, the plinth and the base together. The wood base had eight (8) brass threaded inserts to allow the attachment of a new Perspex security shield. It also had been reported that the same NYYC hold-down bolt was used by the RPYS from 1983 to 1987, to “mimic the permanence of its stay at the New York Yacht Club.” In reality, however, RPYC had replaced the original bolt with a new, single piece rod and the original Bolt had been mounted on a wood base last known to be in the hands of Alan Bond. (see The Bolt) October 30, 1983 held a welcoming parade “with thousands” in Perth hosting the Cup in an open maroon Rolls-Royce. And on November 11, 1983 Prime Minister Hawke presented the keys to Canberra to Alan Bond and to the Cup. From 1983 to 1987 the Government of Western Australia issued an automobile license plate with the image of the Cup and the words “W. A. Home Of The America’s Cup” in yellow with black lettering (Fig 42).
Figure 42
America’s Cup was put on display at the Art Gallery of Western Australia in Perth from November 7 to December 6, 1983 in “a glass case surrounded by a security barrier.” Australians vehemently protested that the RPYC was depriving them of their right to see the trophy.
The Cup was shipped under tight security to the NSW Art Gallery on Monday January 9, 1984 for a public display to begin the following day. The Cup arrived in a plywood shipping crate; the photos show the Cup, and its 1958 Plinth were shipped loose from one another. (see Plywood Shipping Crate – Plate XVIII) Starting March 23, 1984, the Cup was presented at the High Court for the Canberra (AU) Festival from 9:45 to 4:15 until April 1, 1984 But plans were eventually enacted at the clubhouse headquarters and on October 21, 1986, the New York Times commented: “Those who believe, or who want to believe, that Australia's custody of the America's Cup is a very temporary matter can take comfort in the kind of care that yachting's treasure is being given. Between periodic road tours, the cup's home these days is the Royal Perth Yacht Club, a two-story white-brick building where an America's Cup ''envoy'' stands each day at the door, ready to escort visitors inside - maybe. If the visitor doesn't look quite presentable, or isn't convincing enough, he doesn't gain entry. If he does, what he gets to see is a security arrangement that makes the cup's former setting - a wooden pedestal inside a glass case at the New York Yacht Club on West 44th Street - look like cellophane wrapping. “The cup has its own specially built showcase in an upstairs room that doubles as the club’s observation lounge, from which guests can watch regattas on the nearby Swan River. The prize stands in a far corner, recessed into the wall behind a 9-by-6-foot sheet of bulletproof glass. A special ceiling of steel has been inlaid over the showcase, and a heavy brick wall wraps around it from the outside. The floor underneath is concrete. “Light beams monitor movement around the cup, and, if all this weren’t enough, a steel bolt runs through the inside of the cup from its spout, through to the marble pedestal on which it stands, and into the concrete floor. Seeking an even greater precaution, the club has installed a 9-foot steel shutter that slams closed behind the glass should someone try to break through.” An article in the NZ Herald by Pat Hanning on March 15, 1997 commented: “At the Royal Perth Yacht Club on the Swan River between Perth and Fremantle, the Cup stood for three-and-a-half years in a specially-built concrete vault with a bomb-proof glass frontage and was unveiled only under guard for viewing by special appointment.”
123 Perspex is a “smashproof” clear polycarbonate British-made product similar to “Plexiglass” 124 Per John Watson, historian of RNZYS.
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“Strikingly similar to the one protecting the Pieta at the rear of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome” commented AP writer Hugh A. Mulligan in 1985. October 17, 1986, the Cup, in its glass case, was carried to the RPYC Fremantle Annexe wharf, covered by its green-and-gold cloth to formally open the Defender’s showdown. Security hauled it to shelter following a rainstorm. October 24, 1986, the Cup was sent to Melbourne to go on display at the Burke Street Mall for the Melbourne Cup Festival. January 29, 1987 the Cup was in Perth at the America’s Cup Ball. RPYC held a 4-race Twenty-sixth Defense of the America’s Cup on January 31, to February 4, 1987. The Races were won (4:0) by challenger yacht Stars & Stripes (SDYC), against defender yacht Kookaburra III (RPYC) and was the first to have been sailed in accordance with the new 1985 Deed of Gift Amendments. (see The DEED) San Diego Yacht Club assumed the Cup as its 3rd Trustee. In Freemantle, on the lawn of the club at 4:30 PM on February 6, 1987, RPYS formally relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 3 years, 4 months.
San Diego Yacht Club as 3rd Trustee 2/4/1987 – 5/13/1995 [8 years, 2 months]
The Certified U. S. Customs’ Entry Summary form filed upon “importer of record” Dennis Conner’s arrival in Honolulu on February 7, 1987, lists the exporting country as Australia and the country of origin as the United States. The description of merchandise was:
“America’s Cup, goods returned, not advanced in value while abroad; value is priceless.”
Leave it to the government to sum things up perfectly. On Friday, 5 February 1987, Dennis Conner took possession of the Cup at a ceremony in Fremantle. Upon arrival in Hawaii, Conner and the Cup were presented with traditional Hawaiian leis and later appeared on the cover of the Department of the Treasury’s Customs Today magazine. Conner had objected to the Cup being carried as cargo (Continental Airlines DC-10125) and had it unloaded so it could ride in the first-class cabin – wrapped in a beaver coat given to Conner by a well-wisher for the “parade in cold New York,” and topped by an Akubura bush hat, Prime Minister Hawke’s payoff bet with President Reagan on the outcome of the Cup Races. On February 7, 1987, Skipper Dennis Conner was met by 400 people at the San Diego airport and an additional 40,000 people lining a parade route. America’s Cup was back in America. Figure 55 Conner and Cup at Customs Inspection in Hawai’i.
While on display, men tended to look at the trophy. Women looked at the Louis Vuitton luggage.
Master Engraver Arthur “Art” Jameson, [Art Jameson Jewelry Engraving, Fifth Avenue & Broadway, San Diego], hand-engraved the 1987 SDYC win onto the 1958 plinth of the Cup.
125 Continental officially christened and renamed the aircraft “Stars & Stripes.”
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As the San Diego Yacht Club (1011 Anchorage Lane, San Diego CA 92106, [619]221-8400 (GPS Lat 32.719069, Long -117.229752) was preparing for a permanent, secure home for America’s Cup, the trophy was destined for a world-wide public appreciation tour; the thought being that the Cup should not be kept out-of-sight any longer. Along with the desire to expose it, there was a serious underlying need to always protect it from harm. February 9, 1987 at 1:39 PM President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush welcomed Dennis Conner and the team and the Cup in a reception at the White House in Washington, DC. In honor of the win that brought the Cup back to the USA. This marked the first time America’s Cup had ever been in Washington and was the background for the famous Sports Illustrated cover of February 16, 1987 with the Cup, Conner and Reagan. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MhnTtjC498. On February 10, 1987 New York City saw an America’s Cup parade on 5th Avenue 126, underwritten by then-businessman Donald J. Trump at a cost of $150,000 ($375,000 in 2022). On February 17, the Cup was placed on public display at the San Diego City Hall. The City provided “two police officers to guard the trophy which will be removed at the end of each day by armored transport truck and stored in a bank vault.” The following week the Cup could be seen at the San Diego County Administration Building.
Figure 56 SI Cover 1987
______________________
Jack Keith – Keeper of the Cup
In April of 1987, the San Diego Yacht Club hired 28-year FBI veteran Jack Keith, Jr. to be the full-time “Keeper of the Cup.” During his tenure, Keith, then 72, made no less than 450 appearances with America’s Cup, either locally or in Sweden, Hong Kong, England, Monte Carlo, Canada and Hawaii. He reportedly127 faced off against drunken thieves, and drunken partiers, stating “Every place you go is a party, and I can handle that.” At 6 foot 3 and described as “an affable man with silver hair and gentle green eyes, Keith… thrived on the attention, excitement and responsibility.” His business card read “America’s Cup Security Coordinator.” As Keeper, he received a per diem and his (and the Cup’s) expenses.
Figure 57
In Virginia Beach VA, Keith caught the Cup in one hand and a “full-figured woman” in the other, when she tripped over the red rope and knocked America’s Cup off its stand. “I didn’t realize she was flat out drunk. It was on its way to the marble floor. Oh, it would have been a mess. Luckily, I was right there and caught it, then I caught her. Was that the right priority?”
More a landlubber than a sailor by his own admission, 128 Keith often said that his biggest fear was not that someone would try to steal the Cup, but “I’m scared to death that someone is going to ask me a nautical question!” The retired agent got the job when a friend who is a member of SDYC met him at a meeting of retired FBI guys and remarked “I’ve been looking for someone who’s not very bright with a strong back and I immediately thought of you.’ He told me about the trophy. I didn’t know what he was talking about.” After originally knowing very little about the Cup, Keith grew to be knowledgeable in its present and past history. Keith retired in 1977 as the Special Agent in Charge of the Las Vegas NV FBI office. “It’s given me a whole new lease on life.” After the Cup was brought home by Dennis Conner, “we didn’t know how much in demand [there] would be. After a month it became obvious it was very much in demand,” said Keith. 129 Keith conferred with art galleries, museums and the Smithsonian Institution for instructions on how to transport the trophy. “The first things they said was insure it, never leave it unescorted and never, never put it in the baggage compartment” Keith said. “It always travels in a seat next to me, either in a plane or a car. The biggest problem we have is when we have it out on display and everybody wants to stand right next to it and get their picture taken.” Those people are usually discouraged by a velvet rope or the customary two armed guards. 130
126 Started at NY Public Library at 41st Street up to 57th Street (Trump Tower).
127 Article “Cup Keeper’s Job is one long party,” Don Norcross, San Diego Union-Tribune, 5/14/1992.
128 Article “Keeper of America’s Cup thrives on new-found responsibilities” Currier-Post 9/8/1968 Sharon L. Jones AP. 129 Article LA Times 5/3/1992, Dave Distel.
130 Article “Sailing Notes” LA Times 5/22/1987, p110.
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On the road, he said “I don’t like to keep it in my room, because it kind of ties you up. It requires more attention than a child.” “The insurance people require a guard outside the room, and that ruins your social life.” But Keith was always vigilant as the one-of-a-kind Cup is prime fodder for theft – either as a prank or otherwise. Keith always preferred to secure the Cup in a vault (never in a safety deposit box) but is said to have locked the Cup in a Monaco jail cell, and at another time, in an English wine cellar for protection. He, and the Cup each earned over 500,000 frequent-flyer miles.– always flying first class and receiving priority boarding privileges. “I wish I was getting paid per mile.” Although several photographs exist showing the Cup strapped in, it usually was kept secure in its Louis Vuitton travel trunk (see The Trunks, later in this chapter). “I always say it’s my midget girlfriend.” 131 But Keith was often willing to open the case, which “sparked more than one in-flight champagne party.” “Sometimes,” Keith laughed “I’d order a drink for me and a drink for it. Naturally, I drink them both.” “I don’t worry about somebody trying to cause damage so much as people trying to over-love it,” he said. Keith mentioned a time where he refused to show a flight attendant the Cup prior to takeoff only to be approached by the pilot and co-pilot. “The pilot said, ‘I just want you to know that I’m not taking off until I see the Cup.’ Keith said, laughing. “That’s the kind of fun we have with it.” After a party at the St. Francis Yacht Club in Fresno, CA, Keith stowed the Cup in a rental truck and was told he had the only key. The next morning, to Keith’s shock, the truck was gone. “I walked down to where the cooks were working. There’s my truck, all the doors are open, and there’s the Cup. I thought I’d lost her. I was ready to buy a one-way ticket that’d take me as far as possible.” An enterprising conman on a flight tried to convince Keith that they could both make good money off the Cup. “That’s just part of the spirit and emotion of the thing, “ he says. “I see that kind of thing all the time.” Keith told the story132 of several Virginia “youths, high on something” who vowed to steal the Cup to impress a girl. “I had a camera under a long coat which I buttoned to make it seem that I was armed,” he said. “Then I tried to reason with them, which was nearly impossible to do in their state. In the meantime, my wife got the police.” Figure 43 Cartoon in New Yorker Magazine by James Stevenson, Feb 28, 1987 following the AC Parade in NYC
Moving the Cup around the world by air is a somewhat cumbersome job, Keith says. And time consuming. “I don’t know. I’ve been gone a month, and I may have divorce papers waiting for me when I get back home, but this is the best job a man ever had.”
For 4 ½ years Keith, and occasionally his wife Anne, travelled the world securing and displaying the trophy to America’s Cup fans. Keith died August 30, 2010 at the age of 91. ________________ On April 11, 1987, the Cup was the guest of honor at the opening of Nautical Heritage Day at Chula Vista, CA. A May 22, 1987 LA Times article claimed that the Cup “travels in a custom-made white wooden box.” June 22,1987 found the Cup at the Waterfront Festival in San Diego for the benefit of Sail America Foundation. The Cup returned to Hawai’i on July 16, 1987 at the Bank of Hawai’i downtown branch then the following day at Ala Moana, Liberty House at Ala Moana then at the McCoy Pavilion. Two Honolulu PD officers served as guards. Over Labor Day Weekend, Sept. 5-7 in 1987, the Cup was on display at Sea World in Orlando FL. SDYC held a 2-race Twenty-seventh Defense of the America’s Cup on September 7, to September 9, 1988. The Regatta was won (2:0) by yacht Stars & Stripes (SDYC), against challenger yacht New Zealand (Mercury Bay Boat Club) (MBBC). SDYC retained the Cup as Trustee. But then the Cup became embroiled in a major fight off the water:
131 Article “The real defender of the America’s Cup remained ashore” Craig Devis, South Florida Sun Sentinel 5/18/1992. 132 Article “Jack Keith and friend travel along, but don’t sing any songs, side by side.” Chicago Tribute 9/8/1988, p53.
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Following the race, MBBC (see Mercury Bay Boat Club vs. San Diego Yacht Club) 133 went back to court to complain that the race wasn’t fair. The court agreed and awarded the win to Mercury Bay. San Diego refused to cede the Cup and took the matter to the Appeals Court for reconsideration. [During the court battle, Mercury Bay accused SDYC of engraving the Cup with the final results of the match, which SDYC denied. Later, according to transcripts, on September 27, 1988 the SDYC board did vote to have the Cup engraved, and it was completed the week of November 7, 1988.] The Fort Worth (TX) Boat Club won the right to be the first to display the Cup in the United States outside of the NYYC. The boat club was the “first among a group of 33 syndicate supporters to raise a minimum of $150,000 toward the $12.3-million effort.” From August 24-27, 1987, the Cup was on display at the Home Federal Savings and Loan Association,705 Mariner’s Island Blvd. in San Mateo CA. When asked how the bank managed to get the trophy, the manager stated “We begged.” The vaults of the Home Federal Savings and Loan Association became the temporary home for the Cup for about six months in 1987 because the SDYC did not have a secure place to store it. San Diego ordered a display case from Benjamin W. Lawless, (assistant director of National Museum of American History) who designed museum display cases for the Smithsonian Institution and Graceland. Case appears to have been purchased by Home Federal for the sum of $1,500134 (1987 | $4,005 in 2023) America’s Cup was on hand at the National Historic Landmark Hotel del Coronado in Coronado CA on January 5, 1988. The Cup, in its last promotional stop before the next defense, was at the Northwest Marine Trade Association show August 17 & 18, 1988, at Seattle Shilshole Bay Marina, and on the 18th at Everett Chamber of Commerce. In the fall of 1988, the Cup appeared at a shopping mall in Baltimore, MD USA – accompanied by Dennis Conner. Reportedly, a “fee” of $15,000 was charged. Apparently, non-profit groups could display the Cup for the payment of “expenses.” But it seems that the San Diego Yacht Club would consider showings that “generate a modest income” to defer the debt of Stars & Stripes. Later, America’s Cup travelled to Findham Yacht Club in Scotland for a 5-day event, for the fee of £15,000.
133 The full details and record of court decisions on this and other AC-related NY Supreme Court cases can be found in America’s Cup Compendium – The Deed
section.
134 Chicago Tribune, 2/9/1987 p24, S. Myslenski.
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Oak door with 12mm ballistic glazing Built-up Hardwood Corner Posts
12 mm ballistic glazing, silicone butt-welded at corners
Hardwood top rails supporting 12mm ballistic glass panels
9 3'-516 "
Oak display case floor
Wood Display riser
2' Section A
212"
Top View
Hardwood top rails supporting 12mm ballistic glass panels
Keyed cylinder locks (3)
Silicone butt glazing
Wood Door w/ 12mm ballistic glazing
6'-814"
8'-812"
Continuous Piano Hinge
12mm Ballistic Glazing
12mm Ballistic Glazing
America's Cup Trophy
A
Interior display riser
G1
Door
G5
1'-10"
Oak Pedestal Access Panel Recessed base
Rear View (Access Door Side)
Front View
SDYC America's Cup Display Case c.1987 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY. *NOTE: Security and Operating Components are not shown for obvious reasons
Plate VIII San Diego Yacht Club purchased a custom display enclosure for the Cup. Consisting of ½ inch (12mm) thick ballistic laminated glazing, the alarmed case featured an oak-clad base and a glass and oak ceiling and access door. The display was later purchased from SDYC by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. 135 For Eleven Months and Three Weeks the Cup was Locked Away. Following an appeals hearing (and probably to assure that the Cup – at least pending a final ruling – remained in the physical jurisdiction of the Court (New York and USA vs being in Australia)), on May 5, 1989, Judge Carmen Ciparick, Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, First Department, issued an order for the San Diego Yacht Club to physically deliver the Cup back to the care and control of the original trustee – the New York Yacht Club (as Custodian) – where it was to be secured and “held pending further order of such Court.” 136 At 8:58 AM on May 12, 1989, SDYC, as ordered, turned the Cup over to NYYC Commodore Franklin V. Snyder, House Committee Chairman Walter L Jaacof137, and House Committee Member John M. Reid, at the Morgan Guarantee Trust bank on Fifth Avenue, New York. SDYC had prepared a typewritten receipt which was signed by Mr. Reid.
135 Per interview with Commodore John Heise, RNZYS 6/23.
136 Her concern was the report of “extensive travel plans during the appeal period.”
Boston Globe, T. Chamberlain, 5/14/1989, Now where did that Cup go? Pg 61.
137 A review of the membership rolls for NYYC for the period surrounding this date did not indicate an individual by this – or any similar – name.
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In a letter to Robert S. Gates written on May 23, 1989, Snyder wrote “We put the America’s Cup into the deepest vault we could find in Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.” [Commodore Snyder, to assure that the NYYC would not be open to charges of “exploitation” from San Diego, chose not to physically return the Cup to 44th Street, thus arranging the deposit at Morgan.] On September 19, 1989 the Appeals Court in a 4:1 scathing decision overturned the lower court Justice Carmen Ciparick’s finding and found in favor of San Diego Yacht Club. It was appealed but, in a final 5:2 decision delivered on April 26, 1990, the Cup was awarded to SDYC. Following the decision, the Cup was released from “custody” and freed from the bank vault. It was flown back to San Diego on Friday, April 27, 1990. The Cup was never delivered to Mercury Bay. On July 13, 1990, the Cup was shared with the participants in the National Youth Sports Camp in San Diego, CA. Early January, 1991, the Cup was photographed at the San Diego Yacht Club in San Diego CA. Still in California, the Prudential firm hosted the Cup to promote the sponsorship by Pru California Realty on July 13, 1991. The Cup visited Cape Cod, Massachusetts for several events appearing at the Figawi Race Committee in Hyannis on August 23rd, at Nauticus Marina in Osterville from the 24-25th, and at the Hyannis Yacht Club later on August 25, 1991. From September 4-8, 1991, America’s Cup was, at least for a brief time (4 days), returned to display in Newport. There was a private reception at “Hillside” - 300 Gibbs Avenue on September 4th; and then at the International Sailboat Show at the Newport Yachting Center. The Cup was stowed in the vault at the Hospital Trust National Bank in Newport between showings. America’s Cup was flown in from Paris specially for the Candlelight Ball at the Lowe’s Coronado Bay Resort for the benefit of the Cardiac Treatment Center on Dec 12, 1991. Then in 1992, the Cup was loaned to Garrard & Co. as a premier exhibit for a “Royal Goldsmiths” retrospective exhibition of their bestknown commissions. (Interestingly, the Cup was never a Garrard “commissioned piece.” Rather, it was one of six similar pieces that were created as “store stock” by Garrard in 1848-1849.) In Los Angeles, CA the Cup was posed at the America’s Cup Museum at the Cruise Ship Terminal, 1150 North Harbor Drive on February 29, March 6, 7, 13 and 14th. In 1992, it was reported that the fee to organizations wanting to display the Cup at their event averaged $1,000 per day. This covered the cost to transport the Cup, two security guards, police coverage where needed, daily transportation of the Cup, overnight bank vault security, insurance cost and a tent, etc. to complete the display. These costs were reportedly reimbursed to SDYC. In a letter of 7 February 1995, Nicholas Winton, Deputy Managing Director of Garrard lamented “I was aware that the Cup travelled first class and had its security as we were asked to pay the charges for our exhibition in 1992!” SDYC held a 5-race Twenty-eighth Defense of the America’s Cup on May 9, to May 16, 1992. The Regatta was won (4:1) by yacht America3 (SDYC), against challenger yacht Il Moro de Venezia (CDVV138). SDYC retained the Cup as Trustee. On May 16, 1992 The Cup was displayed on the dock at SDYC before being presented to Bill Koch of America3 [Bill Koch was permitted by SDYC to keep the Cup at his home the night of the win – only.] The Cup was shown at Heidel House Resort in Green Lake, Wisconsin on July 3, 1992 for an event honoring Buddy Melges. The travel case was valued at $35,000 in a Capital Times article. From September 24 through 27, 1992, the Cup was on display at the Houston International In-the-Water Boat Show at the Watergate Yachting Center in Houston TX.
138 Compagnia Della Vela de Venezia, Italy.
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America’s Cup Jailed! December 13, 1992 America’s Cup Historian, R. Steven Tsuchiya relates a great story about the Cup in his paper “The Origin of the America’s Cup Hall of Fame.” “On the snowy evening of December 13, 1992, at Marble House in Newport, Halsey Herreshoff, the president of the Herreshoff Marine Museum, announced the establishment of the America’s Cup Hall of Fame and the names of the eighteen charter inductees to nearly 500 guests.” “On display in the house’s Gold Room that night was the object that all the inductees of the Hall of Fame have devoted a significant portion of their lives in pursuit: the America’s Cup, the Holy Grail of yachting. The Cup was flown in from San Diego (the San Diego Yacht Club being the holder of the Cup at that time). But due to a blizzard, the plane couldn’t land at its original destination, Providence. Instead, the plane was forced to land in Hartford, Connecticut. Halsey Herreshoff managed to have the Rhode Island State Police beg the Connecticut State Police to escort the priceless trophy from Hartford via the roads to Rhode Island. Halsey recalls, “So late in the evening, the Connecticut police conveyed the Cup to our state police and myself. And I said to the state policemen, ‘What are we going to do with this for the night? Because I don’t want anything to happen to the Cup.’ So I said, ‘Is it possible, could we put it in one of your jail cells, maybe?’ They replied, ‘Sure, that’s a good idea.’ So, we opened up a jail cell and put the America’s Cup in it and locked the door for the night. I think I have the distinction of being the only sailor that ever put the America’s Cup in jail!” {Courtesy R. Steven Tsuchiya} The Cup was shown at a 1993 exhibit for 150 Garrard clients at their 150th Anniversary Banquet at Goldsmith’s Hall in London with Bill Koch, Margaret Thatcher, and Princess Anne. SDYC held a 5-race Twenty-ninth Defense of the America’s Cup on May 6, to May 13, 1995. The Regatta was won (5:0) by challenger yacht Black Magic (RNZYS139), against defender yacht Young America (SDYC). On May 13, 1995, SDYC relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 8 years, 2 months. At 2 PM on May 15, 1995 Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (RNZYS) officially assumed the Cup as its 4th Trustee at a handoff ceremony at SDYC.
May 13, 1995 SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB “Before the presentation ceremony, Craig Newland, a radio station manager from Tauranga, and a number of media representatives were waiting in the Louis Vuitton tent for the proceedings to take place. “We must have looked very trustworthy because, for some reasons best known to themselves, all the security guards wandered off, leaving the America’s Cup completely unattended,” said Newland. It didn’t take long for those present to grab an opportunity to develop a close, personal acquaintance with the Auld Mug before the triumphant Team New Zealand crew could get their hands on it. Everyone wanted to touch it, hold it, hug it and kiss it. One woman, encouraged by others, left a huge red lipstick mark. Newland particularly remembers the antics of “one mad, bearded American.” He seized the Cup and announced, ‘I’ve always wanted to lick the America’s Cup!’ He did so, there were lots of photos that were taken and it was general mayhem. The party came to an abrupt halt when the official Louis Vuitton coordinator entered. He looked at the Cup, complete with bright red lipstick, saliva and finger marks smudged all over it and went ballistic. He ordered the Cup cleaned up. It returned just in time for the high-profile award ceremony where it took center stage along with Blake, Coutts and the rest of the Team New Zealand crew.” [NZ newspaper article by Wendy Geus]
Arthur “Art” Jameson, San Diego, hand-engraved the New Zealand win onto the 1958 plinth of the Cup on the morning of May 15, 1995. The RNZYS had been so impressed with Jameson’s work, they had him perform the job one last time. Mr. Jameson died 5 Nov 2009 at the age of 84. SDYC’s Tom Wilson estimated that the Cup had “visited about 20 countries, including France three times and England four” in the past eight years; at least 100 U.S. cities and 400 sites within San Diego County alone.
139 Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, New Zealand.
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Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron as 4th Trustee 5/13/1995 - 3/2/2003 [7 years, 10 months]
The Cup was transferred to RNZYS on Monday, May 16, 1995 in a 40-minute outdoor ceremony held at the San Diego Yacht Club. It was only the second time the Cup had left American hands. Commodore Michael Morton presented the 16-member crew with a sixliter bottle of champagne. Commodore Peter Hay received the Cup on behalf of RNZYS. Before leaving for Auckland, the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron contingent made a pilgrimage stop to the New York Yacht Club in New York City, and then on May 18, 1995, made an appearance at the New Zealand Embassy [37 Observatory Cir NW, Washington, DC 20008.] This marked only the second time in its history that the Cup had been in Washington. The group then boarded a chartered Air New Zealand B767-300 (Tail ZK-NC1) (Flight NZ1032) to Auckland. The Cup was secured in a first-class seat of “custom red upholstery, provided by Flight Interiors, Ltd.” (463 Airfield Road, Papakura NZ 2582) The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron displayed the Cup in the second floor Members Lounge at their headquarters at 181 Westhaven Drive, Auckland, New Zealand 1011 [GPS -36.835583, 174.745787). The Cup was contained in the same “custom-built glass enclosure” (equipped with an ultra-sonic alarm) that had been used by and purchased from the San Diego Yacht Club during their previous possession. The RNZYS had installed a new wood base of native Jarrah wood, 140 2 ¼ inch high x 11 inches x 11 inches (5.72 x 28x28 cm) in lieu of the previous wood base that had been attached by RPYC in 1983. (see The Bases) While touring, the Cup was tended to by Team New Zealand Chief of Security Geoff Smith. Smith, a former long-time ConstableSergeant in nearby Pleasant Point, NZ commented “It (the Cup) has its own seat on the plane, and I sleep with it, nurture it and love it.” A “well-known Auckland burglar” was apprehended on the roof of the building adjoining the RNZYS while attempting to steal America’s Cup. (need further information – research continues). On January 10, 1997 Businessman Bill Koch was photographed with the Cup atop his America’s Cup winning yacht, The photo was published in Fortune Magazine, February17, 1997.
140Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) is a New Zealand hardwood.
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Attack on the Cup - 3/14/1997 At 10:30 A.M. Friday, March 14, 1997, while in the possession of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron at their 181 Westhaven Drive clubhouse, America’s Cup was severely vandalized. A 27-year-old Benjamin Peri Nathan, (name later changed to Penehamine NetanaPatuawa) 141, of Manurewa, South Auckland, New Zealand who was described as a Māori-language student at Auckland’s Manukau Polytechnic, arrived in the Mercedes taxi driven by Rachael Willmot. He initially told Ms. Willmot that he was a reporter for the suburban newspaper Manukau Courier, 142 until she said her husband worked for the same paper. He changed his story, stating he was in a Manukau Polytech course, and he was on a field trip,” she said, ”But I didn’t see a camera and I thought he was strange.” Nathan was dressed in a business suit, collared shirt and tie and carried a Figure 44 Benjamin Nathan Booking Photo blue shoulder canvas bag; had shoulder-length hair, a bushy mustache and the unshaven start of a beard. RNZYS Commodore John Heise said the man came to the reception desk and politely asked if he could view America’s Cup and was shown upstairs by a visiting club official to the trophy room (Members Lounge) where there were at least four Squadron officials present. “We always let people see the Cup,” he said. “The man was dressed in a business suit, so we let him go upstairs where there were four other people in the room.” The Cup was not under 24-hour guard, although it did have a regular custodian – Team New Zealand Security Chief Constable Geoff Smith, a former Police Sergeant from Pleasant Point, NZ. It was, however, surrounded by 12mm armor-plated glass and had an ultrasound barrier alarm. The case had been purchased by the RNZYS from the San Diego Yacht Club in 1995 where it had previously been used to house the Cup from 1987 to 1995. Inspector John Dewar of Auckland police said that after entering the display room, Nathan extracted a short-handled (~60-cm/~24 inch) sledgehammer from his bag and immediately attacked the armor-plated glass case about 20 times, puncturing it in several places. Nathan reached in and unsuccessfully attempted to remove the Cup from the case (its wood base was larger than the hole in the damaged glass and would not fit through) and then attacked the Cup itself with the hammer some 15 additional times, striking mainly the bulbous center section of the Cup with some blows to the upper neck causing the extensive damage. He then took off his jacket, tie and collared shirt 143 and, wearing a tee shirt bearing slogans of the (seven-member) activist Tino Rangatiratanga Liberation Organization (TRLO), he started chanting in the Māori language, claiming he was acting in the cause of a Māori activist group seeking the establishment of an independent Māori state. https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/994720
Figure 60 Sledgehammer – as Trial Exhibit 12 - used by Nathan to attack America's Cup on 14 March 1997 - Photo courtesy of NZ Police Museum Te Whare Taonga o ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa and used by permission.
The alarm reportedly worked, but the case was not strong enough to withstand the severity of approximately 35 blows with the sledgehammer, breaking through the glass on one panel and puncturing a single, smaller hole in another of the reinforced glass panels.
141 And later to Moemoea Mohoawhenua.
142 Suburban Newspapers Auckland editor-in-chief Pat Booth said that the man had never worked for the group.
143 Police crime scene technicians collected six (6) white shirt buttons scattered across the floor from the violent ripping off of the shirt.
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Harold Bennett, a well-respected New Zealand sailing coach was in the room and said the hit on the Cup was “pretty quick. I didn’t take much notice of him ‘till I saw him launch at the case with a sledgehammer. He continued to belt a hole in the side of the case. He tried to pull (the Cup) out and got it halfway, and then he had another go – at the Cup.”
Figure 61 Police Evidence Photograph 10 of crime scene at RNZYS as it appeared the afternoon of 14 March 1997, showing display case & America's Cup. Also shown are Nathan's jacket (Trial Exhibit 10). blue dress shirt (Trial Exhibit 11), and tie (Trial Exhibit 13). Photo courtesy of NZ Police Museum Te Whare Taonga o ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa and used with permission.
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Staff member Mary Grant said “You hear about bank raids, and you know this isn’t the time to be a hero. I was very, very scared.” Later at trial, she expressed that she “honestly thought that Mr. Nathan was going to attack those in the room with the sledgehammer.” “She cried. She was terrified. She hid behind the photocopier in the room for about five minutes before she was finally escorted out,” according to the prosecutor. None of the other four people in the room attempted to stop Nathan until he stopped the attack. During the act, in a mixture of Māori and English, he exclaimed words to the effect of "This is Māori land you white bastards," and that New Zealand did not belong to them. Bennett escaped the trophy room and went downstairs to summon assistance and call police. Cut on the thumb by glass during the attack, but otherwise uninjured, and kneeling on the floor in the broken glass, he was subdued and surrounded by local workmen who had been working outside and held for authorities. When police arrived, according to the Court of Appeal, he had laid the sledgehammer on the ground, and offered no resistance to his arrest. Nathan was booked and held at Auckland Central police station [Cook Street & Vincent Street, Auckland 1010, NZ GPS Lat.36.8520637, Long. 174.7604348] pending appearance at Auckland District Court [65-69 Albert Street Auckland 0000 GPS Lat. -36.847490, Long. 174.763783] scheduled for Saturday morning, March 15, 1997.
Figure 62 Crime Scene Photo 21 courtesy of Collection of the New Zealand Police Museum Te Whare
Areas of dried blood were reported on the Cup by Garrard’s personnel during restoration.
Taonga o ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa. Used with permission.
The display case was surrounded by a perimeter of white ropes and stanchions. Ironically, Nathan stayed beyond the ropes during his attack on the Cup. Defense attorney Lorraine Smith told The Associated Press her client was “greatly moved and motivated by the words of Theodore Roosevelt.″ “After he had broken into the cabinet and finished the attack, he knelt down and laid this text among the broken glass,″ Smith said. “I believe it’s from a letter which President Theodore Roosevelt wrote to Sir Winston Churchill,″ she said. 144 The text on the blood-spattered copy read: “It’s not the critics who count, nor the man who points out how the strong men stumbled, or where the doer of deeds could have done better. “The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes short again and again, who knows great enthusiasm, great devotion and spends himself in a worthy cause. Who, at the best, knows the triumph of high achievement and who, at the worst, if he fails, at least failed while daring great things.
144
It was not. The text was part of a long speech given in Sorbonne, France on April 23, 1910. It is, however, correctly attributed to Theodore Roosevelt.
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“So his place will never be with those cold, timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.″ Smith did not know when the letter was written. [Ed: Speech given April 23, 1910 in Sorbonne, France] She said Nathan’s actions were a valid political protest in the tradition of Māori Chief Hone Heke, who chopped down the pole flying the British flag at the national meeting grounds at Waitangi three times in the last century. Nathan claimed through his lawyer he had carried out a “political act″ against white occupation of New Zealand in attacking America’s Cup. [AP March 16, 1997] https://apnews.com/article/ec424a5080e66c1b27f080ad3025798f But there was no question that it was Nathan who had inflicted the attack on the Cup – he was caught red-handed on film by a freelance photographer, Richard Paul Hare, who was at Westhaven Marina testing a new lens. CONSPIRACY GONE WRONG The plan was to demolish the Cup – and it was pre-planned. It was a conspiracy. On Thursday, March 13, 1997 - the day before the attack - Nathan and three other “students at Manukau Technical Institute conceived the idea of destroying America’s Cup as a symbol of protest.” They visited the Yacht Squadron Building to check out the security arrangements for the protection of the Cup. The main priority of this surveillance was to evolve a plan which would involve damage to the Cup, but in a way that did not injure any member of the public or any person connected with the security of the Cup. When they carried out that surveillance and went into the room in which the Cup was situated, there were no guards or officials present. That made them confident that they could carry out the plan without harming any person. Four of the group had originally planned to meet at the Institute and to participate in the attack. When Mr. Nathan arrived at the Institute in the morning there was, however, only one other (conspirator) present - and he was the person whose job it was to send faxes to the media. [Nathan] felt that he was committed to go through with the plan and when he got to the Yacht Squadron he found, contrary to his expectation, that some people were present in the room where the Cup was on display.” 145 But Nathan was not a lone actor: several hours after he was in police custody, a fax warning: “Our first act of defiance will be the destruction of a national monument of great significance,” and which accused the Government of the “illegal occupation of our country” was sent to media outlets. The Manukau Institute of Technology [est. 1970; 20 Newbury Street, Auckland 2023 NZ GPS Lat. -36.959679, Long. 174.872051] cited protection under the NZ Privacy Act that prevented them from releasing the names of students, but police sources indicate that the man was believed to be a Māori language student at the Institute, and that the facsimile was sent out on the Institute’s student association’s facsimile line: TINO RANGATIRATANGA LIBERATION ORGANISATION This letter is to inform the “government” of this country, that from today onwards we shall commence actions against it, for it’s (sic) continued illegal occupation of our country. Our first act of defiance will be the destruction of a national monument of great significance. Political Objective: Establishment of an independent Maori race by whatever means is necessary. With our own form of parliament, armed forces (army and police) justice system etc…. Where we will have total control over our destinies and live according to our own beliefs, principals and culture, Signed, Peneamine Pere Patuwawa Founder of T.R.L.O.
The group, Tino Rangatiratanga Liberation Organization [TRLO], a political organization whose stated goal was “to establish a Māori state by whatever means is necessary,” and accused the Government of “illegal occupation of our country,” claimed responsibility for the attack. The fax was signed by the group’s founder Peneamine Pere Patuwawa. 146 Auckland Police spokeswoman Joanne Gibbs said the group was unknown before the incident.
145 Court of Appeal Judgement December 15, 1997. 146 Translates as “time to strike.”
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When arrested, Nathan had in his pocket a membership form to the TRLO which said that members should not sign up unless they were prepared to take the risk of imprisonment or death for their cause.
Figure 63 TRLO Membership Card
At the time of his arrest, Nathan had half-finished Tā moko (traditional Māori) tattoos on his arms, but more prominent was the homemade, clearly English, HATE inked on his knuckles.
Figure 64 Tee shirt worn by Nathan (NZ Police photo)
The night of his arrest, Nathan was visited in his cell by the Security Intelligence Service (Te Pā Whakamarumaru, New Zealand’s national security group), but according to his attorney, Nathan refused to talk to them about TRLO activities. Nathan’s first court appearance had been scheduled for early on Saturday, March 15, 1997, but it was delayed for an interesting reason. The prosecutors and police could not determine exactly who owned America’s Cup and therefore who the injured party was. (Under the DEED OF GIFT, the New York Yacht Club was the legal recipient as first trustee of the Cup when it was first deeded from the America Syndicate members in 1857 but more recently, Royal Perth Yacht Club in Australia became the second trustee in 1983, followed by San Diego Yacht Club in 1987 as the third trustee, then finally the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron in 1995 as the fourth trustee. It was finally agreed that, for the purposes at hand, RNZYS was responsible for the Cup at the time.) The damaged Cup was placed in a downtown Auckland bank vault awaiting additional forensic tests before being sent to London for repairs. The RNZYS downstairs notice board bore a sign that simply read “The America’s Cup is not on the premises.” After the attack in Auckland, and unsure of the extent of the TRLO movement, the Ranfurly Shield (rugby), the Bledisloe Cup and TriNations Cup, that had been in accessible glass cases at the New Zealand Rugby Football headquarters at Eden Park, were relocated to a vault until the security threat could be assessed. Nathan’s first appearance in Auckland District Court was later in the day on March 15, 1997, at which time he was charged with CRN 97004017053 – Willful Damage147 (“damage with criminal intent”) which carried a maximum sentence of five years in prison under the Crimes Act (§298)4, and CRN 97004017054 – Entering with Intent148 (“unlawfully entering the Royal New Yacht Squadron Headquarters with intent to commit a crime.”) which carried a term not exceeding 10 years in prison. Nathan’s lawyer, Lorraine Smith, said at the time that he would deny the charges, however Nathan did not enter a plea at the hearing. Smith opposed a proposed psychiatric hearing for her client, saying “This was a political act done for political reasons. If psychiatric reports are to be asked for political reasons, then half of the politicians would be in serious trouble. Actions of mainstream politicians are not subject to psychiatric scrutiny.” The New Zealand Herald quoted a psychiatrist who said he had treated Nathan in 1996 as saying he had a talent for writing but had problems keeping things in perspective.
147 298 Willful damage Section 298 was subsequently repealed on 1 October 2003, by section 15 of the Crimes Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 39).
148 “1 October 2003, by section 15 of the Crimes Amendment Act 2003 (2003 No 39). 231 Burglary (1) Every one (sic) commits burglary and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years who—(a) enters any building or ship, or part of a building or ship, without authority and with intent to commit an imprisonable offence in the building or ship; or (b) having entered any building or ship, remains in it without authority and with intent to commit an imprisonable offence in the building or ship.”
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Justice of the Peace Barry Barnes accepted Smith’s comments, withdrew the order for a psychiatric hearing and had Nathan remanded until a pre-disposition hearing April 18 on his failure to appear in Dargaville District Court the previous month on a charge of unlawfully getting into a vehicle (auto theft). Release on bail was not sought. At the hearing April 18, 1997, he was held without bail on the unrelated failure to appear on the auto theft charge and was remanded into custody. During his arraignment hearing on May 28 in Auckland District Court, Nathan merely shook his head. On June 2, Nathan was back in court for a brief appearance. At a June 19 hearing, an early September trial date was set. THE TRIAL 149 The 3-day trial (T146/97) began on September 1, 1997 with Judge Barry Neil Morris presiding. The single charge at trial was one count of willful damage (CRN 97004017053) to wit "that on or about 14 March 1997 at Auckland, Benjamin Peri Nathan willfully damaged a sporting trophy," to which Nathan pled not guilty. In his opening statement, Prosecutor Kieran Raftery maintained that Nathan “attacked the Cup as a “blatant political act” and knew clearly that he was breaking the law. “It (the Cup) represented all that he objected to, and I don’t think for a moment that he would wish to get away from it.” Raftery continued “There is not one law for Pakeha (white New Zealander) and one for Māori. There is a law for all New Zealanders. But, strip ‘Pakeha’ out - there is one law that binds all New Zealanders and that law says you must not damage other people’s property.” He went up the stairs and smashed a hole in the display case and set upon the Cup “with enthusiasm and vigor.” The prosecutor noted that “there were other people in the room who did not attempt to restrain him because of the ferocity of the attack.” Defense attorney Lorraine Smith said in her opening that “there was a “disgusting history attached to that gaudy piece of silver. Awe, honor and respect are not qualities to associate with…America’s Cup.” The police case, according to Prosecutor Senior Sergeant Neil Adams, involved 12 witnesses and 29 exhibits. Nathan, on the stand for three hours, acknowledged that he was a terrorist in many eyes, but used his trial to air his sovereignty beliefs, stating he felt a moral and legal right to attack the Cup under the Treaty of Waitangi 150 and the Declaration of Independence. Prosecutor Raftery scoffed at the suggestion. “The attack was a simple piece of political vandalism.” Two days into the trial, and after “saying to witnesses that the case could be the trial of the century and would redefine law in New Zealand,” Smith found herself without a cogent argument, and the Court held a hearing outside the presence of the jury. The defense was attempting to put forward the notion that Nathan’s actions were acceptable because he felt they were justified [“color of right.”]
“It was my ruling that the §2 defence of colour of right is not available when the mistake of fact or any matter of law is based on the belief that the justification of the act is against the very provisions of the enactment against which the offence is alleged. In short, the colour of right defence set out here, that is in this case, is based on the Accused's belief that his act which he claimed is justifiable under Māori law overrides the provisions and the specific provisions of §298 of the Crimes Act 1961. I went on to say that there is room for Māori customary law where such customary law can co-exist with the general provisions of the New Zealand Crimes Act, but where the provisions of Māori customary law conflict with or are contrary to the provisions of the New Zealand criminal law they cannot override the legislation itself. What I said was 'It is to be desirable, surely, that there is one set of rules regulating criminal acts in New Zealand which binds everyone”. [Judge Morris outside of presence of Jury]
149 This is a summary, but more complete transcripts of the Trial are contained in Appendix I.
150 The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840 and was an agreement between the British Crown and a large number of Māori chiefs. Today the
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In her summary, she invoked mens rea 151 and claimed Nathan’s actions were justified because he believed they were. “He believed he had a moral and legal right to attack it under the Treaty of Waitangi and the Declaration of Independence.” Judge Morris instructed the jury that under common law, that argument fails. The jury of five women and seven men took only one hour to convict. THE SENTENCING152 Nathan was no stranger to police. He gave himself up in April 1996 a week after trying to rob an ASB Bank branch while pretending to have a gun - he had given the teller a note which read “do exactly as I tell you or I will have to kill you.” The bank’s security measures foiled the attempted robbery and [Nathan] left the bank. He also admitted robbing a 51-year-old female shop worker of $60 five years earlier in 1991 with a butcher’s knife. In July 1996, Nathan was given a 12-month suspended sentence for the bank robbery, plus two years’ supervision but after only four months he was out of compliance. In April 1997, one month after the attack on the Cup, and while in custody, High Court Justice Dame Sian Elias re-sentenced him to 18 months imprisonment. Judge Elias gag-ordered any information on the re-sentencing until after the Cup attack trial was complete. In sentencing for the attack on the Cup on September 11, 1997, Judge Barry Morris noted that Nathan was five months into the 18month term, and the following month he would otherwise be eligible for parole consideration. With the impending new sentence, early release eligibility would not occur until September 1998 and the release date (two-thirds of the combined sentence) would then be February 2000. But Judge Morris also said that the 150-year-old “America’s Cup was not a mere bauble. It represented the best efforts of a New Zealand team of men and women,” and then added that the “Crown had no doubt that Nathan acted sincerely, although that sincerity had no legal standing.” He noted that the defendant had a 12-year history of court appearances which included 16 convictions. “Imprisonment is my only option to show a distaste for what you have done. I do not show a distaste for your sincerely held views, but to vent them in this way is a recipe for chaos.” At the time of sentencing Nathan expressed no regrets, except to apologize for frightening those in the room at the time of the Cup attack. (Later, however, in February 2000, Nathan said “My only regret was that I didn’t chop it up with an axe.”) None of the TRLO co-conspirators were ever indicted or charged in the attack on America’s Cup. No restitution was ever sought. During sentencing Judge Morris noted that this was the 17th occasion Nathan had appeared in court for sentencing on various charges, and this was “not in keeping with a single act by a person holding deep convictions on a particular protest issue.” He was sentenced to 2 years 10 months jail in addition to the separate 18-month term he had received in April for aggravated robbery. Nathan, now bearing a new eagle tattoo on his face, threatened prosecutor Kieran Raftery as he was led from court: “Let’s see who gets the last laugh, Raftery.” Nathan, the third child of five and a 1980 high school dropout, testified that he had lived in Papakura with his Irish-English mother Elizabeth, and his Ngati Whatua-Ngapuhi father, Raco Nathan, until he was five. He later lived with his father’s family in Kaihu, 25 km north of Dargaville where he “was exposed to injustice of poor Māori farming Pakeha lands that had been stolen from them.” THE APPEAL 153 On December 10, 1997 attorneys for Nathan appeared in the Court of Appeal of New Zealand [Queen vs. Benjamin Peri Nathan CA386/97] coram nobis 154 to appeal the severity of the sentence (appeal of the conviction was withdrawn and dismissed), imposed on September 11, 1997 by Judge Morris in Auckland District Court. The sentence of 2 years 10 months imprisonment was to have been served after the completion of the 18-month imprisonment separately imposed on April 9, 1997 for earlier offenses. Counsel for Nathan explained to the Court that Nathan “now takes the view that what he did was wrong and that he must be punished for what he did.” The grounds for appeal contended that the sentence was excessive in itself and cumulative. Nathan stated that the
151 152 153 154
State of mind. Knowledge that wrongdoing constitutes part of a crime. This is a summary, but the complete Sentencing Notes of Judge Barry N. Morris are contained in Appendix II. This is a summary, but the complete text of The Queen v Benjamin Peri Nathan Judgement of the Court CA 386/97 in APPENDIX III (8 pgs.) Judges P. Richardson, J. Keith and J. Blanchard.
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attack was against the Cup – intending no harm to any person and expressing regret for causing emotional harm to those present. Government’s Counsel Simon Peter France submitted that this was “a significant offence within the type of willful damage falling within §298(4) of the Crimes Act where the category carries a maximum penalty of five years: 1. 2. 3.
The amount of the damage caused was substantial, and that Nathan had intended to destroy the Cup; The value of the damage was large. Originally estimated at £20,000 plus the associated cost of transport to England and back and the construction of a new glass case; The offense was premeditated and aimed at property - the destruction of which would bring embarrassment to New Zealand.
But according to his attorney, Nathan’s main reasons why the group “decided to damage the America’s Cup were as follows: a) b)
As a protest on behalf of Māori against the non-recognition or non-plenary recognition of the terms of the Treaty of Waitangi. A protest on behalf of all New Zealanders against the policy of the Government in selling New Zealand assets to foreigners.”
Nathan also said that he had personal reasons relating more specifically to the Cup: a) b) c)
The New Zealand Yacht Squadron did not consult all the appropriate Māori people in their preparation for the America’s Cup, particularly in regard to water rights. Nathan said that while Tainui was consulted, his tribe, Ngati Whatua, which had relevant ancestral rights, was not consulted. That the America’s Cup represents greed and ideas of the rich getting richer, and the poor getting poorer, and In disgust at the actions of the Auckland City Council in selling off housing at Freemans Bay, which was being used by a crosssection of the people for their homes, and planning to use the money that would be realized by the sale of these houses, in providing facilities for the America’s Cup, which is a rich boy’s playground.
The Court of Appeals wrote “There is no dispute that a sentence of imprisonment had to be imposed. This was a serious offence of its type. For the reasons which Mr. France emphasized relating to the damage and the wider consequences of the offence, we agree that the law must take a firm hand. We agree also with his contention that those reasons, along with Mr. Nathan’s earlier record, meant that an additional period of imprisonment had to be imposed. Where we differ from the sentencing Judge is in the extent of that addition.” “What is common to the two cases, however, is the mitigating impact of motivation. We are not saying that those who wish to make public protests for what they see as compelling reasons are free to act outside the law. They are not. Indeed, the appellant by his withdrawing of his appeal against conviction now accepts that. But the underlying motivation in this case is not one of destruction for the mere sake of destruction.” “The appellant was demonstrating and advertising what he felt was a moral viewpoint.” “Accordingly, the appeal against sentence is allowed. The sentence of two years 10 months imprisonment is quashed and a sentence of imprisonment of one year, cumulative on the sentence of 18 months, is substituted. Solicitors Crown Law Office, Wellington” The sledgehammer, shown in Figure 13 above, was not returned to Nathan. It was later destroyed by the authorities. Nathan later twice attempted to sell memobilia (2016 and 2021), such as the tee-shirt from the attack on a New Zealand online auction site (TradeMe). Also offered was a printed copy of the Roosevelt quotation and the American quarter which was given to him when he paid the taxi driver and she accidently gave him the American coin instead of a NZ twenty-cent coin. “It was the very first time (Nathan) had ever been in contact with American money so he saw it as a direct sign that Providence was with him.” The auction had a starting price of $10,000 and a Buy Now of $25,000. There were no bids received and the site soon took down the listings. Sir Graham Latimer, chairman of the New Zealand Maori Council, an official organization, said he was called by many Maori who deplored the vandalism and wanted to help pay for repairing the Cup. Danny Tumahi, spokesman for the local Ngati Whatua tribe (Auckland Waterfront area) said Nathan was not known to his group. As a representative of the local Maori, Tumahi appologized to the people of New Zealand for the attack, “We don’t understand such things. We are very sorry for what happened here.”
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Later it was reported that Nathan was beaten up in Mt. Eden Jail at least three times by Pakeha inmates who told him in no uncertain terms that “this is for what you did to our Cup.” He required medical treatment for his injuries. He was later transferred to the more secure Unit 5 at the Paremoremo Prison in Albany, Auckland. Nathan was freed from Paremoremo on April 4, 1998 on early release parole granted by The New Zealand Parole Board (Te Kawanatanga o Aotearoa), and remanded into a residential “habilitation” program operated by the Te Whanau O Waipareira Trust for the remainder of his sentence. Nathan changed his name to Penehamine Natana-Patuawa in 1998 and then to Moemoea Mohoawhenua in 2019. He ran for Kaipara mayor in 2019 and for an independent seat of Te Tai Tokerau in Northland in 2020. He lost.
In an ironic twist, Nathan reportedly took up the sport of boxing while in prison for destroying the Cup. While silversmith Rod Hingston at R. Garrard & Co. in London, who rebuilt and restored the Cup after the attack. was already an English champion boxer
Worldwide Reaction to the Attack Across the continents reaction was quick and universal in condemning the actions of the attacker. The sailing world was joined by the political sector, including many from the New Zealand Māori community in their disbelief in the act. Among the first to respond was the New York Yacht Club who had hosted the Cup for 132 years. New York Yacht Club Statement on the Damage to the America’s Cup Trophy New York, NY March 14, 1997 Commodore Robert L. James and Vice Commodore George “Dooie” M. Isdale stated on behalf of the New York Yacht Club: “When Commodore Heise of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron called to inform us, we were shocked and saddened by the news of the attack on the America’s Cup Trophy. The America’s Cup trophy is the oldest trophy in competitive sport and one that sailors from this club defended for 132155 years. We are sure the people of New Zealand are as distressed as we are about this senseless act. We know that New Zealand treasures the America’s Cup. Despite any physical damage to the Cup, we know that the values and traditions it represents will never be tarnished.” While the vandalism to the Cup itself is cause for a certain level of dismay, it is the silver ewer that is damaged, not the event, its history, or its future. The Cup is a symbol of those values of “friendly competition between nations” set out in the Deed of Gift that extablished these races in the middle of the last century. As we approach the next century, those traditions will carry forward with renewed vigor and fresh relevance throught the regatta planned by the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. You can’t destroy these values with a hammer; you can’t protest against the ideals of sportsmanship or the quest for excellence.” As for the practical matters, there are a few very rare but very accurate replicas of the Cup that can be put on the pedestal to remind us of our goals in the meanwhile, and, as Commodore Heise pointed out, Garrard’s of London, the original makers of the Cup are still available to put their handiwork back in “Bristol” 156 condition.”
______
Other remarks at the time included: “We’re appalled and disgusted and shocked that this could happen here. The Cup has been very, very badly beaten up.” -Commodore John Heise, RNZYS
155
The original winners of the Cup, the Schuyler Syndicate, were composed of members of the NYYC and held the Cup themselves from 22 August 1851 to 8 July 1857 (6 years). NYYC then held the Cup as First Trustee, from that date until it was won by Royal Perth Yacht Club on 22 September 1983 (126 years, for a total of the stated 132 years). 156
“A phrase meaning in good and seamanlike order” Oxford Reference.
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“All it achieved was anger and sadness. If the crew could get their hands on him right now, I wouldn’t like to be in his shoes. Hopefully the crew won’t see it like this. It’s a big part of them and it’s such a huge disappointment.” “I’m sickened and saddened.” “It’s not the people of New Zealand who have damaged this Cup, it’s just one deranged individual.” - Sir Peter Blake “We feel so very sorry for the people of New Zealand – but remember it’s just a thing…But it’s not going to affect the America’s Cup competition. We are still going to sail for it – it can be repaired.” - Vice Commodore George Isedale, NYYC “We can’t believe it’s happened…there are a lot of weird people in the world.” - Alan Marsh, GM of the San Diego Yacht Club [The attack was an] “absolute tragedy which we can’t understand.” - Brad Butterworth, Black Magic tactician “It was a rougue act, carried out by an individual who will face the consequences in court. We (Maori] have a great fear of those forces within Maoridom who do more damage to our cause than those on the outside.” - Matiu Rata, Labor Minister of Maori Affairs “We don’t understand such things. We are very sorry about what happened here.” - Danny Tumahi, spokesman for Ngati Whatua tribe – Auckland. A “cheap shot publicity stunt.” -Tau Henare, Minister of Māori affairs “I am looked upon now as a reprehensible and disgusting terrorist, as Hone Heke was. I know that when future historians judge me and my true motives I will be vindicated, as he was.” - Benjamin Peri Nathan – at his trial September 2, 1997
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Was Justice Done? 1. Following his arrest, New Zealand Police charged Nathan with two counts: CRN 97004017053 – Willful Damage (“damage with criminal intent”) which carried a maximum sentence of five years in prison under the Crimes Act (§298)4, and CRN 97004017054 – Entering with Intent (“unlawfully entering the Royal New Yacht Squadron Headquarters with intent to commit a crime.”) which carried a term not exceeding ten years in prison. Assuming common practice, conviction on both counts would result in concurrent sentences, with the maximum being 10 years in prison. But at trial, Nathan was only subject to answer for the single “Willful Damage” charge (5 years maximum.)157 The “unlawfully entering” charge was never pursued.
2. Nathan’s four co-conspirators were never charged in the case. Before the attack, Nathan and several of his
classmates at Manukau Polytechnic met to plan to destroy the Cup, including a visit to the RNZYS to case the location. Further, one of the co-conspirators used the facsimile machine at the Manukau Poly Student Association to claim responsibility for the destruction. At trial, Nathan admitted that there were others involved.
When approached by Police, the school claimed protection under the NZ Privacy Act, and refused to release or confirm the identity of students.
3. Impact on others – the staff and occupants. At trial, Nathan repeatedly stated that there was a specific intent on the part of himself and his co-conspirators that no harm befall the occupants, or anyone involved in the security of the Cup. “[M]y intention was not to hurt or frighten anyone - it was solely to destroy the America’s Cup which is symbol of everything I despise. You see, when we first planned our operation158, there had been no one in the room and I later found out they had just arrived for some regatta, so there was meant to be no one in the room.” But the RNZYS secretary clearly was frightened, and sought safety behind a copy machine until she was moved to safety by another occupant. She likened it to “a bank raid” and at trial testified that she “honestly thought that Mr. Nathan was going to attack those in the room with the sledgehammer.” “I got down on the floor and waited there until someone got me,” said another.
4. Impact on others – the sailing community. Obviously, the Club and the sailing world were without the Cup from the time of the attack until it was restored and returned in April of 1997. But then torn between the absolute requirement to keep the Cup secure and the public’s desire to see and be part of the “Cup Experience,” the Trustees had to enact new, strict and quite restrictive access rules. So tightly controlled is access that there are often suggestions that the cup on display is not the “real” America’s Cup, but the equivalent of a “stunt double.” While balancing these needs, the Trustees still manage to keep the Cup accessible to the sailing public worldwide. And the sentiments, as covered above in “Worldwide Reaction to the Attack” start to capture the feelings of those hurt by the assault.
157 158
Interestingly, “America’s Cup” was never specifically mentioned in the indictment – only “a sporting trophy.” First indication at trial of conspiratorial pre-planning.
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“All it achieved was anger and sadness.” Sir Peter Blake
5. The difference between “losing the Cup” and LOSING the Cup. Let me explain. Although it has only happened six times now (and only three times at the time of the attack in 1997) the feeling of losing the Cup to another yacht squadron in the course of racing in competition must be devastating. The countless hours dedicated to training, conditioning, and planning, and technical expertise that are necessary to sail for the world’s oldest international prize are immeasurable. But the underlying fact is that there may just be another group of sailors who are better trained (slightly), better conditioned (slightly), have planned a little better, or have found a better way to take their boat over the line faster. Sometimes it may just be being luckier at the right time. But with AC-class racing at the Match Level, the difference between winning and losing to another group of yachtsmen comes down to seconds 159. So, although “losing the Cup” – either by failing to defend or by failing to prevail - by such a slim margin is possible, there has to be comfort in the fact that it was lost in genuine competition with an honorable rival. And at that moment the opportunity to regain the Cup becomes the new goal. Losing the Cup to an act of wonton destruction is another matter. Consider that America’s Cup was 149 years old at the time of the attack and had previously led an extremely staid and protected life. Yes, things happened over the years but, with the skilled intervention of expert silversmiths such as Tiffany & Co., the Cup, although always fragile, survived intact. The reality of the extent this of damage was perhaps best stated by Richard Jarvis, Managing Director at Garrard & Co. “We’ve been faced with many challenges over the years, but none resembles this one. If it was any other piece of silver, it would have been scrapped.” If not for major intervention by some very dedicated and talented craftsmen, the irreplaceable Cup could have been reduced to scrap.
6. No restitution was ever sought by RNZYS. The RNZYS nor the courts ever pursued restitution from Nathan. The cost of the repair ($50,000) of the Cup was donated by Garrard & Co. of London, the original silversmiths of the ewer. Insurer Sun Alliance of NZ covered the cost of security, the airfare and transportation from Auckland and back, the cost of repairs to the display cabinet, and portions of the cost of the new display case’s sliding ballistic-proof outer enclosure. A separate generous donor contributed 15,000DM ($25,650) towards the new anti-ballistic display case.
7. The sanctions. Nathan was held in pre-trial detention from the time of his arrest on March 14, 1997 until his sentencing on September 11, 1997, then at Mount Eden Prison (Auckland) and at Unit 5 of the Paremoremo Prison (Albany, NZ) until his early release parole on April 4, 1998 – a total of 386 days – one year and 3 weeks. Nathan then was placed in a 6–12-month resident rehabilitation program for Māori, the Te Whanau O Waipareita Trust (Henderson NZ), which include “work training, drug and alcohol abuse and anger management courses and also psychological counselling from clinically trained Māori psychologists.” The New Zealand Department of Corrections (Ara Poutama Aotearoa) operates under Release Guidelines: For a sentence of more than two years, the offender is “eligible for parole after serving one-third of the sentence or at the end of any non-parole period imposed by the sentencing judge.”
159
In AC Finals in 2007, the 7th race had a margin of only 1 second.
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For a sentence of less than two years, the offender is “automatically released on conditions after serving half of their sentence.” Judge Morris originally sentenced Nathan to 2 years 10 months in prison for the attack on the Cup. Applying the NZDoC guidelines, he would have to serve (1,034 days x 0.33 = 341 days). As he was held in jail without bail from March 14, 1997 until his sentencing on April 9, 1997 (26 days) on the separate bank robbery charges, he would be credited with those days and could have been released March 11, 1998. But the Court of Appeals granted Nathan’s motion to quash the 2-year 10-month sentence and imposed only a 1-year penalty for his crime. As the NZDoC guidelines state for a sentence of less than two years, his sentence thus became (365 days x 0.5 = 183 days, and he would have been credited with the 181 days of pre-trial detention and end up spending just 2 more nights in prison. Nowhere in the record are mention of imposed fines or court costs. Was Justice Done?
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Damages, Repairs and Restoration of the Damaged America’s Cup Damages to the Cup The result of the attack on America’s Cup was devastating. More so, perhaps, than most people ever knew or were led to believe. The photographs of the damaged trophy usually showed the Cup on its wood travel base – standing generally straight with the obvious damage to several of the prominent lobes on the upper body. At the time, America’s Cup consisted of the original 1848 Garrard trophy and the 1958 Tiffany plinth. While at the RNZYS, the Cup was displayed in a 12mm-thick armored glass case located in the center of what is called the Member’s Room on the second floor of the clubhouse, overlooking Auckland Harbor and the Auckland Harbor Bridge. In the official crime scene photos taken by the Auckland Police on March 14, 1997, however, we can now see the true aftermath.
Figure 45 Figure 66 Crime scene photos 22 and 23 showing extent of damage to display case, America’s Cup trophy and broken glass, including additional attempt to break into case from right hand panel. Photo courtesy of NZ Police Museum Te Whare Taonga o ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa, and used by permission
In the photos shown above, we more clearly see the damage. The assailant was unable to remove the Cup from the case, despite the battering of the glass some 30 times. This resulted in the Cup being flipped over to a 62o angle, with the bottom of the 1958 plinth protruding through the ragged hole bashed in the laminated glass. Only the width of the attached wood base prevented the Cup from being taken completely from its case. The upper and lower body of the Cup became physically disconnected from the stem and its internal 2 inch-long “bayonet fitting” located just above the stem – held together at an obscene angle by only the Bolt. 160 The lobes, located on the wide upper body, in addition to receiving direct blows from the sledgehammer, were further damaged when the inverted Cup landed directly on these thin, delicate panels, denting them. As seen on the lower left, the entire cruet, spout and handle were completely separated from the Cup; the top scroll of the handle – a delicate holloware piece itself, and the finial atop the
160 Seen in the photographs as the white “tube” in the center of the Cup.
any wear.
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handle baluster were bent, resulting in the curve of the handle now almost touching the rim of the spout. 161 (Although straightened somewhat, the repairs described below never fully restored either the upper handle segment or the finial to their original positions.)
Figure 46 Crime Scene Photo Closeup of damaged America's Cup. Collection of the New Zealand Police Museum Te Whare Taonga o nga Pinhimana o Aotearoa. Used with permission.
Damages to the Cup included a broken upper casting near the spout, severe crushing damage to the large upper body section, bending of the upper scroll and finial of the handle, and a crippling of the lower stem of the 149-year-old trophy, resulting in total destruction of the lower collar and one of the lobes. (On-going wear and tear since the repair have further exacerbated the position of these delicate components to the degree that, on April 5, 2023, the distance between the handle and the rim of the spout was found to be only about 3/16 inch162.) Thus, it is apparent that in the photographs taken of the Cup after removal – and on its way to restoration – the Cup had been roughly straightened and re-stacked but was truly being supported and held together only by The Bolt.
161 In the photos, the upper scroll is pulled away from the spout, but this is due to the bottom of the handle at the upper body being badly dented. 162 From an original approximately 1 ¼” space as shown in the photos from the time of the transfer from NYYC in 1983.
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Damage included one lobe and the lower body engraved collar which required complete replacement. On the cruet, the concave and the convex “plain rings” were crushed, resulting in the spout and its “larger ring” severely bending away from its “high baluster below.” The extent of damage to the Upper and Lower bodies, the cruet and of course, to the lower collar, would eventually require complete restoration of the silver and much of the historic engraving on the original Cup.
Figure 68 AC on arrival at Garard for restoration
Damages to the Display Case The first 12 mm-thick ballistic laminated glass panel (clockwise from the access door) “G1” apparently was the first struck with the sledgehammer, according to trial testimony of eyewitnesses. Several blows at about eye level split the glass and left a circular indentation in the panel but did not fully penetrate the case. Nathan then moved to the second panel clockwise “G2”, and now striking lower on the reinforced glass, hit the case some 18 additional times. This resulted in a jagged hole – rather narrow at the top, wider at the center – and large quantity of small, laminated glass shards both inside the case and on the floor adjacent to the display. The reinforced glass held together with the exception of where the actual hole had been chopped through, creating an opening which was too small to allow the passage of the attached wood base of America’s Cup effectively preventing its complete removal from the case. Thus, with Cup hung up on the broken remains of the panel, Nathan struck the trophy directly with the sledge. During the attempted removal of the trophy, four pieces of wood molding within the case were torn loose. Otherwise, the remaining three glass panels “G3” “G4” and “G5”, the glass and wood door and the glass and wood ceiling of the case, survived the attack.
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Hardwood top rails supporting 12mm ballistic glass panels
9 " 3'-516
Oak display case floor
2'
12 mm ballistic glazing, silicone butt-welded at corners
Oak door with 12mm ballistic glazing Built-up Hardwood Corner Posts
Wood Display riser
(undamaged)
First and Second blows
Section A
Blows 3 to ~15 to break glass
212"
Top View
Hardwood top rails supporting 12mm ballistic glass panels
Keyed cylinder locks (3)
Smashed-out area
First and Second blows
(undamaged)
8'-812"
6'-814"
(undamaged)
Wood Door w/ 12mm ballistic glazing
(undamaged)
12mm Ballistic Glazing Silicone butt glazing
A 12mm Ballistic Glazing
Interior display riser
Continuous Piano Hinge
G3
G2
G1
G1
Door
G5
1'-10"
Oak Pedestal Access Panel Recessed base
Rear View (Access Door Side)
Left Side View
RNZYS America's Cup Display Case c.1997 Showing Attack-Damaged Areas 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY. *NOTE: Security and Operating Components are not shown for obvious reasons
PLATE IX
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Repairs On April 7, 1998, Garrard provided an album collection of photographs, letters and data regarding the restoration to the archivist of the former Museum of Yachting in Newport RI; which is now in the IYRS (International Yacht Restoration School) Edward W. Kane and James Gublemann Maritime Library collection. The information in this section is presented with the kind permission of Garrard and IYRS. [Garrard Photos by Sarah-Vivian Prescott]
Following the March 14, 1997 assault, R. Garrard & Co. of London, known as “The Crown Jewelers Since 1843,” offered to carry out the extensive restoration of America’s Cup. Garrard was the logical choice, as the firm created the silver trophy in 1848, and as stated by Richard Jarvis, Managing Director “Garrard has a sentimental attachment to The America’s Cup, being the design of one of our founder partners.”
`
Figure 69 Unpacking the Damaged Cup at Garrard
“We’ve been faced with many challenges over the years, but none resembles this one. If it was any other piece of silver, it would have been scrapped.” Richard Jarvis, Managing Director - Garrard
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On April 10, 1997, John Heise, Commodore of RNZYS and Bill Crowley, Managing Director of Sun Alliance of New Zealand, the insurers of the Cup, escorted the trophy which was flown first class to Garrard (23 Albermarle St, London W1S 4HT UK 9, GPS. Lat: 51.510097; Long. 0.142927). The shipment, consisting of the damaged trophy (Fig 69.) and its wooden base arrived in its leather-wrapped Louis Vuitton travel trunk (Fig 69). The Cup, wrapped in paper and inside its clear Perspex box, was received and unpacked by Garrard executives and craftsmen in their showroom, in front of a phalanx of cameras and reporters (Figs 69, 70 & 71). The Cup still had blood on it. The base and trophy were still covered in ground glass.
Figure 71 Inspecting Damages
Figure 70 Silversmith Rod Hingston meets his Project
Into the Workshop Garrard’s assembled team of craftsmen for the work consisted of Tony Bedford, Garrard’s Director of Restorations; Rod Hingston, Workshop Manager. A former champion boxer, martial arts and sax player-turned master silversmith who remolded the original cup; Jeff Havis who did the chasing 163. Stephen Goldsmith, who was responsible for polishing, and Geoffrey Stocker, working from detailed photographs restored, and where needed, recreated, the extensive engraving. Interestingly, the bulk of the restoration of the Cup was not actually done at Garrard, but at a “rent-a-bench” silversmith workshop located in Bermondsey in southeast London, used by Hingston. Regarding the level of security, Hingston said “I brought it home and back to the workshop and started to work on it….I just kind of slipped out with it…I took it back to the workshop in the car and in the strong room at night. That was the only security.”
163
“Chasing” is the molding and fabrication of the intricate silver ornamentation applied to the base cup.
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America’s Cup, in its 1987 configuration, consisted of the 20 cm (7-inch) high 1958 Tiffany & Co. plinth which was basically undamaged, and the original trophy which is constructed of several components: the cast spout top (cruet) (Fig 72), the holloware handle (Fig 73), the fabricated, heavily-damaged 6-bulb upper body (Fig 74), and the tapered lower body and footed pedestal (Fig 75).
Figure 72 Cruet/Spout Figure 73 Holloware Handle
Figure 74 Upper Body
Fig 75 Lower Body
After a thorough inspection, Silversmith Rod Hingston began the careful disassembly and assessment of the parts, including the removal of the applied ornamentation. The spout section (cruet) is about 10 inches (25.4 cm) tall, and from photographs had been crippled about one-third of the way down, just below the topmost decorative band. [The damaged cruet is shown in Figure 14 above]. Five (5) original hallmarks from 1848 are on this portion of the Cup, below the spout. (see “Engravings” below for detail on the hallmarks). The upper body is described by Garrard as “lobe fluted, each lobe engraved with an inscription and separated by masks and strapwork.” It is about 5 3/4-inch (14.6 cm) high, 12-inches (30.48 cm) in diameter, and is constructed of relatively thin hammered silver, appearing almost eggshell-like in its deconstructed state. Most of the sledge hammer damage was inflicted on this part of the trophy, resulting in the need to completely remove and remanufacture one of the six lobes (“Presented to the New York Yacht Club as a Challenge Cup Open to all Foreign Clubs by the Owners – John C. Stevens, Hamilton Wilkes, Geo. L. Schuyler, J. Beekman Finlay, Edwin A. Stevens”), to rebuild and partially replace the supporting silver structure adjacent to the lobe, and to repair the severely dented remainder of the front of the upper body. This section was obviously Rod Hingston’s biggest challenge - one that saw him reportedly spend “every day including weekends for three months,” restoring America’s Cup. Jarvis reported later that he knew they had been working until 7 PM and on Saturdays and Sundays. The lower body is “chased with pellets and ...architectural strapwork enclosing burnishing panels.” This (4 ¾ -inch/12.06 cm) section of the piece bears the engraved results of the races from the 1880’s through 1901, on six panels separated by applied decorative “strapwork.” The lower body had suffered major damage and was bent over at an angle that required significant effort and repairs; part being stripped down to bare metal and rebuilt (Fig 75).
Figure 76
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Figure 77 Smoothing the dents from a lobe
Figure 78 Recrafting the lower body
Figure 79 Areas cut out and replaced by Hingston
The baluster neck is stippled and elaborately chased with foliate scrolls and anthemion motifs above a band of pellets, centered with flowerheads on a background of horizontal lines (also seen in Fig 7). This section visually supports the upper body - there are no race results recorded on the baluster. The hollowware handle is described as a “beaded double flying scroll and baluster,” is about 13 5/8 inches (34.5 cm) long and suffered damage to the upper handle and finial. (see figure 80) The pedestal has a round spread foot and a stem decorated with a bead band and geometric strapwork. It is 5-inch (12.7 cm) high, 8inch (20.32 cm) diameter at the base and approximately 1 ½ inches (3.81 cm) at the stem. When disassembled, an additional internal support stem (bayonet) of about 2-inch (5.08 cm) diameter and 1 ½ inch (3.81 cm) height is evident. The foot of the pedestal bears engraving from the 1903, 1920, 1930, 1934, 1937 and 1939 races, and four (4) additional Garrard original Hallmark stamps and slips over the raised step on the 1958 plinth. The three 1901 Columbia v. Shamrock II races are recorded around the stem. The stem, as the weakest spot, had been crushed in the attack. The process of repeated hammering and stretching of the silver results in a brittle metal, so Hingston used gas-fired torches to evenly heat the metal in a process called annealing, and to free up some of the existing soldered-on adornments. Annealing relaxes and allows the molecules to re-align.
Figure 80 Inspecting the handle
The process began with the disassembly of the Cup. After removing the handle, the neck was cut off from the main body, the upper and lower segments of the body were separated, and the foot assembly was removed.
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"Rather than having been simply dropped, it had been maliciously damaged," said Rod Hingston, the silversmith who carried out the repair. "Very rare, that. I had to cut it into several pieces so I could get at it. It's sort of like [repairing] car paneling. You have to push out where it was punched in. I had to forget all about the engraving [of the winners' names on the cup], because some of it was going to have to be re-cut."
Figure 81 Annealing the Cup
Figure 82 Hingston reshaping the upper body
During the restoration effort, Garrard’s work was complicated when they discovered that previous repairs 164 in the U. S. had been done with lead solder instead of silver solder. The lead was removed and replaced which resulted in the need to replace several small areas of lead-contaminated original silver, but the restoration otherwise required very few new materials and is therefore correctly classified as being “authentic.” Initially, the client had insisted on “no new materials,” however as the work progressed, it became evident that one of the lobes and the entire lower collar would have to be replaced. Because new Sterling was required for the final repairs, the local assay office of Goldsmith’s Hall was needed to attest to the quality of the patches incorporated into America’s Cup. The removed, damaged scraps were melted down and formed “the Nugget,” which was eventually affixed to the inside of the Cup. The replaced “lobe” and the lower body silver pieces were the subject of what became known as “Silvergate.” (see Saga of Two Pieces Chunks of Silver that follows) Garrard did not replace the rod through the center of the cup which the Americans added to bolt to a rostrum in the NYYC, “conscious of keeping the authenticity of the piece.” 165 The restoration of the engraving on the Cup was aided by detailed photographs provided by the New Zealand Herald newspaper.
164 Possibly from an incident in early 1900’s where the Cup was knocked over by a cleaning crew and badly damaged.
165 However, the version of “The Bolt” present at this time was NOT the original from the NYYC but had been replaced in 1983 with a new bolt – the original had been taken by Alan Bond, and mounted on a plaque, and is presumably still in his estate’s collection .
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Now, for the important question – can one drink out of America’s Cup? During the restoration, the neck of the ewer was “slightly altered,” allowing for approximately one-half liter (0.5 L or 16.9 oz.) liquid capacity, which is contained from the bottom of the neck upwards, but for historical purposes, the hole in the bottom of the cast spout section (cruet) which had been made to bolt the trophy to a plinth permanently while in New York, was left. The “slight alteration” is believed to be the addition of a small ledge soldered to the Cup and a single rubber washer at the top of the Bolt assembly to seal the hole. “The Bolt (see separate discussion later in this Chapter) can actually be seen in (Fig 83). Obviously displaced upward, the ½ inch bolt, its large heavy washer and a white, (possibly PVC) protective pipe is seen protruding from the spout and visible again through a tear in the silver upper body. With the completion of the structural repairs to the cup, the job of chasing the Cup went to Jeff Havis. In this instance, “Chasing the Cup” didn’t involve sailboat racing, but instead represented countless hours in repairing, recreating, fabricating and reinstalling the applied silver ornamentation, including the heads of the goddesses, that makes America’s Cup so ornate. Finish polishing was completed by master silversmith Stephen M. Goldsmith who worked alongside Hingston for over a month. “I then took 40 hours to make it look 150 years old again” Goldsmith recalled. Following cleaning and polishing, the project turned to master engraver Geoffrey Stocker. Using detailed photographs of the original inscriptions, Stocker recreated the extensive lettering on the six panels of the lower body (1885, 1887, 1893, 1895, 1899 Races), and hand-restored the lettering on the badly damaged upper body lobe. Figure 83 "The Bolt"
In an interview with Alinghi after the repair, Rod Hingston discussed some of the things he encountered during the restoration. “I took the steel out (the “Bolt”) and realized how wobbly it all was.” “The foot came off anyway because it was, strangely enough, what we call a “bayonet fitting”….a sleeve (that) just slides into another sleeve, so the foot was actually loose from the body. Very unusual. No reason why it was like that at all.” “When it came over it had a great big lump of steel (the “Bolt”) running down the middle of it. The Americans had done this and they bolted it right through a wooden base and into the table which wasn’t a bad idea. It means somebody just can’t grab it, but also one of the reasons was, and I think the one thing the historians don’t know about this, is when I started to take it to bits, I saw how the bloke made it. In 1848 he was in serious trouble because he actually made it the wrong way: he tried to do too much out of one piece of sheet (silver) and he should have made in in several pieces and joined it all together. That was so you don’t thin anything out – what happened was it became really thin in one place so when the cup stood up it actually wobbled.” “So he was in serious trouble, but he nursed it and got himself out of it in the sense that he finished it without having to destroy any of it, ‘cause these guys would have been on piece work and there would have been a lot of money lost if he’d, rather than the firm paid for it, he would have paid for it, he would have paid for the loss of time, so he managed to get out trouble with it and when it and I looked at the engraving it was so pristine the engraving that I knew that because of his making rather than it being worn out through somebody cleaning it for years because if you clean it, clean it and clean it the engraving would have gone right back, but it wasn’t, it was pristine, the engraving was sitting proud on the, right over the Cup, it’s covered in engraving from all the winners and I knew that the guy had made it badly and, but he got himself out of trouble, but when it got hit, because it was thin it crushed, it immediately crushed, it had no substance in it at all so it actually compounded the damage to it because of it. So this lump of steel runs from the base which is wooden up through the silver and right up to the top of the neck and then they had a bolt in the top and all that was left at the very top of the neck was about I would say a very, very small, one of those single bottles of wine that you can buy for a single glass of wine that’s all you would get in.” {Interview with Rod Hingston after the return of the Cup to New Zealand}
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Figure 84 New Engraving on Main Body
Figure 85 Geoffrey Stocker, Master Engraver, works on Upper Body
Figure 86 Disassembled Upper and Cruet
Figure 87 Annealing the Cup
Tony Bedford, who directed the restoration, explained that “work on the cup has taken longer than we expected as the rebuilding and engraving was a very delicate process. [10 April – 4 July 1997] We are, however, very pleased with the success of the restoration and that we have been able to restore The Cup after the near fatal attack.”
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New Zealand’s NZTV had sent a film crew to produce a program on the restoration. At one point someone thought that Garrard was “getting too much attention,” and the filming was cut back. In a late June 2023 interview with co-author Jack Griffin in London, Rod Hingston recalled “that when he reassembled it, he put a piece of tubing around the bolt that ran through the Cup. It was a piece of nylon pipe he found on the ground in the street outside his workshop - scrap from workmen laying a new gas pipeline. Rod said he didn't bother scraping off the words "British Gas" that appeared twice on the pipe. After a special luncheon at Garrard, Richard Jarvis, Managing Director, Bill Crowley (Sun Alliance) and John Heise, commodore of the RNZYS escorted the Cup from London to back to Auckland. In four first-class airline seats.
Figure 88 Engraving the Lower Body Panels
The cost of the repairs (~£20,000 (US$50,000)) was covered by Garrard, although both the Squadron’s insurer, Sun Alliance Insurance, and representatives of The New Zealand Māori Council state offered to pay for the restoration. Sun Alliance sponsored all associated travelling costs for the Cup and personnel. (Sun Alliance, the underwriter of the insurance on the Cup, had donated the insurance premiums on the policy when NZ initially won the Cup.) Richard Jarvis personally awarded £150 to each of the four craftsmen as a bonus for their efforts in the restoration.
A video of the restoration process was posted at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJTQHKJqIHw&t=1s by Stephen M. Goldsmith [12:16] January 3, 2021. Upon its return to New Zealand on July 14, 1997, the repaired Cup was taken on a 17-city (later increased to 22-cities due to demand), two-month “sedate tour of New Zealand,” in a bulletproof glass case, indoors only, surrounded by security personnel, and transported in an armored van. The tour was underwritten by Westpac Trust Bank [Shortland Street, Auckland NZ 1140]. Among the stops, the Cup visited: July 18-20, 1997 Aotea Centre, Auckland July 21-22, 1997 Forum North, Whangarie July 24-27, 1997 Waikato Museum of Art and History, Hamilton July 28-30, 1997 Baycourt July 31-August 1, 1997 Rotunda of the Convention Center The tour was not without controversy – it was widely theorized that the Cup on display was a replica. This was denied by RNZYS. In the first 12 days of the tour, more than 36,500 people saw the Cup. The public event for the Cup held on August 27, 1997 at the Christchurch Convention Centre was picketed by about 40 “social activists” protesting the public display of America’s Cup. Cup finished its tour at the Michael Fowler Center in Wellington through Tuesday, September 19, 1997, when the Cup was returned to its permanent home at the RNZYS in Auckland. Figure 89 The restored Cup
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The Cup Gets a New, Secure Home Following the tour, the Cup resided at the RNZYS headquarters and was placed in a “new, super-strong glass viewing case” built by Glasbau Hahn, (“Hahn Anti-Bandit” 40-46 603888 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. www.glasbau-hahn.de). This case (shown below) features one-inch-thick ballistic glazing on 4 sides, and a separate three-piece, telescoping protective security box which will come down into place on its two 1.5 x 3-inch steel guide rail posts if triggered. The box, although presenting as finely finished woodwork on the outside actually is wood-clad ballistic material. The new enclosure was lifted into place by crane. The design specifications for the case, as ordered, read as follows (English measurements added): The case is: 700 x 700 mm (27.56 x 27.56 inches) in plan 900 mm (35.433 inches) base height 1100 mm (43.30 inches) visible glass height 40 mm (1.575 inches) upper frame height 2040 mm (80.315 inches) total height The base is fabricated from 3mm (0.118 inch) steel, bolted to the slab. Paint is Anthracite-Grey RAL7016 (PROSOL Lacke + Farbem GmbH) Glazing is SCHOTT Clearwhite 24mm (0.9445 inch) thick, heavy-duty laminated safety glass with anti-reflective SCHOTT ‘Amiran’ coating. All glazing edges are finely ground and polished and joined with a 2-component Silicone. Access to the inside is by means of a patented 3-way Monorail sliding door. The safety lock and operating mechanism is concealed behind the MDF-panel, which is held in place by means of two magnets and must be tilted forward first to allow unlocking. The display area bottom is sealed on the underside with heavy steel sheet, with the MDF-plate on top and the textile cover matching the Anthracite-Grey RAL7016 of the base. There is a locked metal box beneath the Cup which contains Silica gel (amorphous silicon dioxide) to control moisture and inhibit tarnishing of the silver. Around the periphery and recessed from sight are installed 4x6=24 light fiber end optic with lenses. The light can be aimed directly towards the Cup or indirect lighting by means of a reflective mirror installed at the top of the case underneath a 5mm (0.1968 inch) steel sheet cover. Around the top edge, the glass is held with a special metal frame approximately 40mm (1.575 inches) high, which also provides the upper guiding channel for the sliding door, lacquered in RAL7016. The base contains a compartment which allows humidity control of the display area, as well as the light source for the fiber optics. The Monorail is equipped with a magnetic switch, hooked up to the local alarm system. Electrical supply is 230v/50 Hz, 1ph.” The cost for the cabinet alone, in 1997 was DM 31,240 ($53,420.40 US or $100,752.92 in 2023). Dagmar and Klaus Girardet, owners of Domino Marketing Ltd., in Auckland, and generous supporters of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, donated the sum of DM 15,000 ($25,650 in 1997/$48,377 in 2023). This cost did, however, include a spare light bulb! The RNZYS’s insurer, Sun Alliance, reportedly contributed the difference, plus the cost of freight, installation and the outer enclosure. The display case was ordered on October 9, 1997. The order was marked “URGENT.” When shipped from Glasbau Hahn in Frankfort on November 11, 1997, the package weighed a hefty 510 kg (1,124.3 lbs.) and measured 134 x 134 x 237cm. New rules in place at RNZYS included viewing by appointment, signing in at the front desk and…no bags and presumably no sledgehammers allowed.
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Stained Wood Trim UPPER PANEL - HOUSED LOWER PANEL - HOUSED Glazing Channel 1" Ballistic Glazing
The CUP
Upper Guide Rail
A
Mirror Inner Trim Support Grating Line of TOP HOUSING
Section C
Section B [TOP HOUSING Stained Wood Veneer over Ballistic Structural sheet Applied stained wood moulding Wood corner moulding
C
1" Ballistic Glazing "Hahn Anti-Bandit" with welded corners and top & bottom glazing tracks [Front panel slides for access]
America's Cup Trophy
4'-183"
Upper section of slide rail TS 3 x 2
B 7'-5"
Lines of drop-down panels (reference)
Vinyl-wrapped ballistic material base
2" Painted Letters - on vinyl 3-D Triangular ornamentation Lower section of slide rail TS 4 x 2
3'-312"
RNZYS Burgee
"In Position" electronic sensor plate
Front View
Left Side
Glasbau Hahn "Anti-Bandit" Display c.1997 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY. *NOTE: Security and Operating Components are not shown for obvious reasons
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security and operating components not shown*
Building Ceiling Stained Wood Veneer Ballistic Structural Sheet
[TOP HOUSING]
Slide Rail [STOWED POSITION OF UPPER & LOWER PANELS] Wood Trim Glazing Track
Stained wood trim Stained Wood Veneer over Ballistic Structural Sheet
7'-5"
Mirror on interior ceiling of case
[UPPER PANEL IN PLACE]
[UPPER PANEL IN PLACE]
Applied stained wood moulding
1" Ballistic Glazing
Figure 90 RNZYS New Display Case
Upper panel guide clip Upper panel support "shelf" on guide rail
Stained Wood Veneer over Ballistic Structural Sheet
Glazing channel Interior custom support grating
PLATE X
[LOWER PANEL IN PLACE]
Vinyl-wrapped ballistic material base (interior structure not shown)
security and operating components not shown*
[LOWER PANEL IN PLACE]
Applied stained wood moulding
"In Position" electronic sensor
Front w/panels closed
Section A
Glasbau Hahn "Anti-Bandit" Display c.1997 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY. *NOTE: Security and Operating Components are not shown for obvious reasons
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The Saga of Two Chunks of Buckled Silver: Silvergate
Figure 91 Un-repairable segments of the Cup
According to Auckland New Zealand America’s Cup-specializing attorney, Dr. Hamish Ross, two “chunks of buckled silver” left over from the repair, had been kept by the Garrard silversmith, Rod Hingston, who had worked on the repair. The smaller of the two pieces – the engraved “collar” from the lower body of the Cup - had been polished and mounted to a wood base that was gifted to a friend of Mr. Hingston from New Zealand; the larger piece – the “lobe” that included the engraved text “Presented to…” - was sold by Hingston to Stephen B. Fisher who intended to auction it off, in a plan initially endorsed by RNZYS, to support the Spirit of Adventure Trust, an Auckland-base sailing charity and reportedly had a bid offer of US$1m.
Figure 92 and 93 – Photos of Recovered Lower Body and Lobe
(Complicating the issue, according to news reports, Trust chairman Fisher had asked RNZYS if Spirit of Adventure could auction the artifact and was told “yes.” Emirates Team New Zealand president Grant Dalton also agreed, adding “Congratulations on salvaging an original piece of silverware from the America’s Cup. The idea of using this piece of the Cup to raise funds for the Spriit of New Zealand Trust is inspired. The only real issue I have with the idea is that wish I’d thought of it and good luck.” 166 However, when Fisher advised SNG of Spirit’s intentions, Geneva’s attorneys responded that the Trust must drop the idea, return the piece to SNG or it “would see the trust in the New York court.”) 167 While it was clear that Hingston was responsible, he was never charged with theft; (Hingston stated that there was a precious metals scrap bin in the Garrard workshop and that employees were allowed to take what they wanted from the bin if they paid the going “scrap price” for the silver). Garrard denied this and “was horrified at what he had done.” On October 19, 2006, the managing director of Garrard, Robert Procop sent a letter to SNG stating “I further confirm that no pieces were ever given to any craftsman or any other individual or any outside source. If there are any other pieces of the original cup in circulation, allegedly removed whilst the cup was at Garrard for repair, these were removed from Garrard unlawfully.” This resulted in a high degree of cooperation from Hingston towards the recovery. In 2006, attorney Ross, on behalf of Société Nautique de Geneve (SNG) and Garrard, with agreement from RNZYS and NYYC, threatened legal action to recover the pieces from the two parties who had them. At the time, there were numerous letters regarding “theft” and “receiving stolen property” in both New Zealand and the UK. In the follow-on to Procop’s letter, the first piece was soon returned to SNG by Fisher. The party who apparently had the second chunk might never be publicly known. New Zealand Radio Network’s Tim Baxter “tracked down a gentleman with a South African accent; they held an off-the-record discussion in which Baxter’s contact displayed considerable knowledge of the situation – and who threatened to sue if identified.” Later, the wayward silver portion was received from “somewhere near Whangaparoa” (north of Auckland, NZ), and court involvement was not necessary - both parties ceding their remnants of the Cup without further action. The
166
https://www.newspapers.com/image/443750805/?match=1
167 Julie Ash; Yachting: Call for calm in storm over smashed America’s Cup; NZ Herald 17 Oct 2006.
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wayward pieces were turned over to SNG and were handed directly to GGYC (Oracle) in Valencia immediately after the Cup changed hands. Although issues specifically related to the Cup are not covered by the Deed of Gift, when the courts got into the 2010 fight between Oracle and Alinghi, the courts determined that these pieces were still technically parts of the America’s Cup and were a permanent part of it. But, when ETNZ won the Cup back from Oracle in Bermuda in 2017, the pieces were not included. Some months later, the pieces of silver were returned to Auckland by courier in a package sent from the San Francisco, CA suburb of Woodside. Coincidently, Woodside is where one “LE” owns a large $200M property. From 2010 to 2018, the pieces followed the Cup as it was transferred from Trustee to Trustee. Ross commented “My view throughout, as proven by subsequent events, the pieces were simply too irresistible to many and they needed to be gotten rid of in a way that returned them to the fabric of the Cup.” In 2018, on Ross’ recommendation, the RNZYS, with the approval of former trustees, the two pieces of the original cup were to be melted down and incorporated into a new, slightly larger replacement for the lower plinth, “remade to accommodate more match details than was hitherto possible” (also see section entitled “Fonts and Inscriptions” below). The initial plan was to credit the value of the silver in the original plinth and the three recovered pieces towards the cost of the replacement, however, when it arrived in London, Garrard & Co., citing the “historical significance” of the original plinth refused to melt it down, and instead made an entirely new lower plinth from all new materials. Figure 94 Replaced segment held up to original trophy (right) and new sterling cylinder cast of original plinth and scraps (left)
The original plinth and the three scraps were returned to RNYZS who, upon arrival in Auckland, found a local silversmith, David Worrall, to melt them down. From this, Worrall cast a new, three-piece Sterling silver “tube” which has been inserted into the center of the Cup. The “tube” is engraved with the information regarding its provenance: “TUBE WAS CRAFTED FROM THE MELTING OF THE ORIGINAL BASE TIER IN 2019. ATTACHED TO THIS ARE THE ORIGINAL ENGLISH HALLMARKS” which had been snipped from the original plinth foot before melting. The three identical cylinders were given a satin finish, and will remain, generally unseen, within the first plinth of the Cup. The original hallmarks were attached to the middle cylinder with friction studs, according to Worrall.
The damaged, recovered silver pieces were melted down into a “nugget.” There are two photographs of this leftover portion of the original Cup’s silver – the first of which (shown here) apparently was melted down in a cruet by Garrard and screwed to the lower tier of a new wood platform inserted within the first Plinth of the Cup with two (2) flat head wood screws. Although it is difficult to determine the size of this piece it appears to be a disc of approximately 1 ¾ inches (4.45 cm) across and perhaps 3/16 inch (0.48 cm) thick. It is likely that the material that made up the ingot was the silver removed, badly damaged silver areas that Hingston had to replace on the original Cup. it had not been engraved while at Garrard. Figure 47Garrard-cast 34 Garrard-castingot Ingotfrom from scrap generated from repair (photo: breeze magazine)
168
A later photo of the same area shows an ingot of the same approximate diameter and attachment, as the prior photo and is engraved: “CRAFTED FROM THE DAMAGED PIECES FROM THE 1997 ATTACK,” and was likely the work of Worrall Jewellers of Auckland168.
Although in an interview with David Worrall in April 2023, he said “I honestly do not recall ever engraving that.”
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Assuming the original trophy was 134 ounces, the first plinth approximately 66 ounces, the new lower plinth about 70 ounces, the melted down plinth at 70 ounces plus perhaps 10 ounces for the recovered scraps, the new total silver weight of the cup (without “The Bolt” or the Carbon Fiber Base or the wooden internal platform) is now estimated to weigh 350 ounces (21.875 lbs./9.922 kg). The entire trophy now weighs in at a hefty 18.1kg (39.52 lbs.)
History while at Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron – now continues… For its 150th birthday in 1998, the Cup received a new travel trunk from the famed luggage crafters and America’s Cup sponsors Louis Vuitton (SE, 22 avenue Montaigne, Paris, 75008 France.) [see Trophy Trunks section below] Australian Syd Fischer requested – and got – the loan of the Cup for one day in late July, 1998. Fisher wanted America’s Cup to be on stage at the announcement of the “new look” Australian Challenge at the CYCA. Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron graciously sent the Cup across the Tasman Sea in a business class seat, under heavy guard including two Australian anti-terrorist officers. America’s Cup was in attendance at a press conference in Tokyo on August 3, 1999, ahead of the Auckland defense. October 15, 1999 The Cup was paraded down Queen Street in Auckland during the opening parade of the AC series. RNZYS held a 5-race Thirtieth Defense of America’s Cup on February 20, to March 2, 2000. The Regatta was won (5:0) by yacht Team New Zealand (RNZYS), against challenger yacht Prada Luna Rossa (YCPA169). RNZYS retained the Cup as Trustee. March 4, 2000 saw the Cup during a Queen Street victory Parade in Ackland, New Zealand. On August 18, 2001, 150 years after it had been won, America’s Cup was (temporarily) returned to Cowes, England, for the week-long America’s Cup Jubilee ceremonies. January 3, 2002 GBR Challenge Chairman Peter Harrison displayed the Cup at London International Boat Show at Earl’s Court, London. January 31, 2002, the Cup was on display at press conference announcing that New Zealand would commit $NZ3Mil to continue to host the America’s Cup races in Auckland. America’s Cup was displayed in Paris, France on September 28, 2002 on behalf of les coupes de la Coupe America The Cup was the star at the October 3, 2002 opening ceremony of the Louis Vuitton Cup in Auckland, when Doug Peterson was relieved of his role as yacht designer. To provide for more space to record the winning race results, a 2002 modification, arranged for by Garrard but undertaken by Nayler Brothers Silversmiths Limited (23 Albemarle Street, London UK (dissolved 2009)) added the slightly shorter but wider second 66-ounce sterling silver, 6.537-inch (16.6 cm)-high, 12.25-inch (31.11 cm) wide at the base and 10.91-inch (27.71 cm) wide at the top “plinth” (or riser). The foot of the first plinth nests over a “step” on the new plinth which has a “covered tube” construction. Although slightly different in design, both plinths have a top (making them resemble an upside-down pot) with a hole in the center to allow the entire cup to be held together with a single bolt through the middle. (see The Bolt, below). This made the height of the trophy 36 3/4” (92.08 cm) including the 2 ½” high wood base, and required a new, 8-inch taller Perspex enclosure and a taller trunk from Louis Vuitton. This second, or “lower” plinth carries the Figure / Cup / 1st Figure 97 372nd - 2ndPlinth Plinth2001 2001 / Cup1848 1848 / 1stPlinth Plinth1958 1958
169 Yacht Club Punta Ala, Italy.
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engraved regatta results of the 2003 through 2021 defenses. (Travel Trunk can be seen in photograph Fig. 1 in the Garrard section below.) New Zealand executive director Tony Thomas announced a sponsorship agreement with Cialis – an oral treatment for erectile dysfunction to support the America’s Cup competition. The Cup attended the February 10, 2003 bash. Really? RNZYS held a 5-race Thirty-first Defense of the America’s Cup on February 15, to March 2, 2003. The Regatta was won (5:0) by challenger yacht Alinghi (SNG 170), against defender yacht Team New Zealand (RNZYS). RNZYS relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 7 years, 10 months. Société Nautique de Geneve (SNG) assumed the Cup as its 5th Trustee.
Société Nautique de Geneve as 5th Trustee 3/2/2003 - 2/10/2010
[6 years, 11 months]
The Cup was displayed at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland from March 8th-21st, 2003. It was then displayed in Lugano, Zurich, Lucerne and Berne Switzerland before being shown in Paris, France, Milan, Tokyo and London before arriving at Alinghi’s home base at the Société Nautique de Geneve (SNG), Quai de Cologny, 1 Cologny, Switzerland 1223 [GPS Lat.: 46.213018, GPS Long. 6.172887] in late May. On August 20, 2003 the Cup was shown during the Marseille “audition” for the competition to organize the 32nd AC. September 26, 2003 saw the Cup in attendance in Geneva as Geneva’s Nautical Society President Pierre-Yves Firminich announces the deal to stage the America’s Cup in Europe since 1851. In its first appearance in Newport, RI since 1983, America’s Cup was displayed at the Museum of Yachting from June 18 – 25, 2004. On April 12, 2005 the name “Valencia” was publicly engraved on the lower plinth at an Alinghi promotional event in Valencia, Spain in advance of the 2007 Cup Regatta. Cup on display at the Port of Valencia, on June 23, 2005 ahead of the 32nd America’s Cup Louis Vuitton Cup elimination races. On December 8, 2005, the Cup was in Paris as part of the boat show. June 18, 2006, the Cup was on display at Rockefeller Center in New York City September 8, 2006 America’s Cup on Tour presentation was at the Olympic Park in Munich, Germany (also included the Louis Vuitton Cup). Both America’s Cup and the Louis Vuitton Cup were displayed at a press conference on February 28, 2007 in Paris, France. March 5, 2007 saw the Cup at a press conference in Rome, Italy. On the fourth station of the trophy presentation tour after Geneva, Paris and Rome, the Cup was shown in Berlin Germany on March 7, 2007. The Cup was presented at a press conference in Valencia, Spain on March 15, 2007 to mark the 100 days to go until the 32nd AC and was received in Valencia by the Prime Minister on April 10, 2007. April 1, 2007 AC is displayed during the unveiling of Swiss Alinghi defender base. On April 15, 2007 the Cup was present at the 32nd AC Owner’s Press Conference in Valencia May 22, 2007 in Valencia, the Cup was available to the public for viewing.
170 Société Nautique de Geneve, Switzerland.
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On June 22, 2007 at Port America’s Cup press conference, along with skipper Brad Butterworth. July 3, 2007 saw Alinghi’s Ernesto Bertarelli hoisting the Cup after winning the match against ETNZ in Valencia October 4, 2007, Ernesto Bertarelli returned the Cup to its original pedestal in the NYYC’s Model Room in New York, for a short time. SNG held a 7-race Thirty-second Defense of the America’s Cup on June 23, to July 3, 2007. The Regatta was won (5:2) by yacht Alinghi, against challenger yacht Emirates Team New Zealand (RNZYS). SNG retained the Cup as Trustee. The July 8, 2007 homecoming ceremony of the trophy at the Geneva Cointrin Airport saw the Cup and Alinghi boss Ernesto Bertarelli. On July 13, 2007, Principal Sponsor Louis Vuitton announced that it was withdrawing after twenty years, on the grounds that it did not agree with the proposed Protocol rules for the 33rd Cup, as announced by SNG. Earlier in 2007, LV had paid $47 million 171 ($71.2m 2024) for the rights to be the sponsor. (Remember that this sponsorship began in 1983 at a cost of only $60,000!) And on July 18, 2007 “the oldest trophy in the world” was displayed in the Claude Nobs’ chalet in Montreux, Switzerland. On March 7, 2008, the Cup was on display at an Alinghi-sponsored press conference in Berlin, Germany promoting the July 2007 AC Races in Valencia, Spain. On April 23, 2009 the Cup was shown at Société Nautique de Geneve. Cup was mounted on its new, square, carbon-fiber base AC Trophy was presented during a parade of Alinghi 5 at Lake Geneva on August 1, 2009 after a successful sailing of its new catamaran. On January 29, 2010 the Cup was presented for photographs at Headquarters Alinghi in Valencia.
Figure 98 AC Display enclosure at SNG in Valencia
SNG held a 2-race Thirty-third Defense of the America’s Cup on February 12, to February 14, 2010. The Regatta was won (2:0) by challenger yacht USA-17 (GGYC), against defender yacht Alinghi 5 (SNG). SNG relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 6 years, 11 months. Golden Gate Yacht Club (GGYC) assumed the Cup as its 6th Trustee.
Golden Gate Yacht Club as 6th Trustee 2/14/2010 – 6/26/2017
[7 years, 4 months]
On February 14, 2010, SNG transferred the America’s Cup to GGYC. Pursuant to the “Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release,
171
NYYC-Louis Vuitton Sponsorship 1983 contract; NYYC Library.
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signed by the parties to settle the numerous lawsuits leading up to AC33, the first item of the Agreement states “Within 10 days of the execution of this Agreement, SNG shall transfer to GGYC the pieces of the damaged Cup that SNG recovered in 2006 from different individuals in New Zealand.” 172 Reportedly, Ernesto Bertarelli chose not to participate in the handover of the Cup to Larry Ellison. In the late afternoon of Monday February 15, 2010, the Cup was displayed at a team photo shoot in Valencia. At the time, representatives of Oracle had not finalized plans for the Cup’s return to San Francisco. On February 16, 2010, the Cup was returned – in a first-class seat - to San Francisco on a United Airlines flight from Frankfort, Germany. The Cup maintains its own frequent flier account numbers from several airlines. Airline security can be “tedious” as the case must be opened and inspected both visually and chemically. (“The name on the frequent flyer statements? First name: America's. Last name: Cup” 173) GGYC Commodore Norbert Bajurin was the caretaker and historian for the Cup on its appearances. February 19, 2010 saw the Cup displayed arrival at San Francisco International Airport after its win in Valencia, Spain, and February 20 at San Francisco City Hall rotunda. A February 19, 2010 reception was held at the Golden Gate Yacht Club. On February 20, 2010, the Cup was on display from 11-3 PM at the San Francisco City Hall rotunda and at a reception aboard the USS Midway in San Diego the following day. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dc8KlDYmbM. Many fans were disappointed when the viewing closed an hour earlier than announced, in order to ship the Cup to San Diego. On February 21, 2010, America’s Cup was photographed at a large arrival ceremony in San Diego, CA after winning the 33rd Regatta. Later that day, the ceremony continued with the Cup on display on the USS Midway aircraft carrier. In 2010, silversmith Biro & Sons, 1160 Folsom St., San Francisco CA (415) 431-3480, disassembled the Cup for cleaning and for the removal of a few small dents. “It was a little loose when we got it,” Alex Brio said, “and something like that is delicate to clean. So, we had to take it apart piece by piece and figure out how it was working. The hardest part about it was that there was someone (“security”) standing over our shoulder the whole time.” The Cup had previously been reinforced with wood, steel and a pipe. Biro wanted to insert a rod with a ball at the top to ease future tightening to its base, but the original Bolt remains. At the time, Oracle chose to replace the existing wood base with a 12 ¾ inch (32.4 cm) diameter, 1.75-inch-(4.44 cm) high black carbon fiber pedestal resembling a winch drum, to represent today’s boats. The new pedestal, installed by Biro, was made by the same carbon fiber manufacturer as the Oracle hull (Core Builders – Mark “Tugboat” Turner) with the molds and tooling made from a carbon-epoxy mold created by Janicki Industries’, (719 Metcalf Street, SedroWoolley WA 98284) Jim Payad and Andrew Lathrop. Figure 99 Rick Biro polishing the Cup
The original 1983 (mahogany) and 1992 (Jarrah wood) bases are now archived. The current trophy, with the added plinths and carbon fiber base is now 2’9 3/8” (1.1 m) high and weighs about 39.68 pounds (18 kg). It is often said that “it looks heavier than it is.” The Biros brought in a local engraver, Kenneth Smith a member of a multi-generational handengraving firm to add the 2010 and later the 2013 Oracle results to the lower plinth. The Cup returned to the firm several times for cleaning and polishing and for minor repairs between 2010 and 2017. During that time, the Biros found that the newly-supplied Louis Vuitton travel case was actually causing damage to America’s Cup and recommended returning to the older trunk until the new one could be properly re-fitted. The new version of the case had a cloth-padded wood “collar” to stabilize the Cup at its neck during transport, however the engraved neck location was structurally sensitive and easily damaged.
At the time of these refurbishments, Biro found two concealed oddities. First, The Bolt was encased in a turned wood pilaster, flared at the lower end, which provided new vertical support within the original Cup. Second, the added plinth below contained a particle-
172 See also Compendium – The Deed chapter for further documentation.
173
Per Elizabeth Murphy, Oracle, Cup Caretaker.
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board (wood) platform with an upper and lower support surface and four wood columns. This structure had been installed by Garrard during the repair after the sledgehammer attack in 1997. Biro & Sons (1977), third-generation silversmiths, are based in San Francisco, CA USA, the result of a merger of M&H/Burridge Company silversmiths and is still led by 91-year-old father Alex and run by sons Martin (1977) and Rick (1985). Oracle’s choice of Biro was based on numerous high recommendations from major San Francisco jewelers such as Shreve, Crump & Low due to their specialization in restoration of fine custom silver pieces and trophies in their 4,500 square foot facility. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uUisPfHTC8 The first press conference of the 34th America’s Cup was held in Rome, Italy on May 6, 2010, featuring the Cup. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmwElyJDrdY On June 4, 2010, Cup was displayed at La Maddalena Island, Sardinia for the Louis Vuitton Regatta. June 10, 2010, the Cup was at NASDAQ in New York City. Tuesday June 29, 2010 Oracle Racing Victory Tour celebrated at the White House with President Barack Obama. Wednesday, June 30, 2010 The Cup (and the team) appeared on the CBS Early Show, and later rang the bell at NASDAQ.
Figure 100 Oracle team visits the White House
On July 1, 2010, as part of the “Oracle Victory Tour” the Cup was again displayed at four public showings in Newport R.I. at Fort Adams State Park and Bannister’s Wharf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3HsZDw-1P0
On August 3-6, 2010, the Cup was back in England for a race between BMW Oracle and TeamOrigin in the 1851 Cup off Cowes following the original 1851 course. (Cup was “visiting” – not “at risk.”) The American team again won the race, this time securing the Trafalgar Cup. September 21, 2010, the Cup was front and center at the Oracle OpenWorld conference in San Francisco, CA. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNmLBONH1t8 On January 5, 2011, the Cup was on display at the San Francisco City Hall for the announcement that SF would be the AC venue. September 11, 2011, Cup was at the Monaco Yacht Show in Monte Carlo for three events: The Southern Spars breakfast, Fraser Yachts captains’ dinner at the Yacht Club de Monaco and a Presentation The Cup was at Hamilton Island Yacht Club on October 11, 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBpnQLp_oXY May 12, 2012, the Cup was shown at the America’s Cup World Series opening ceremony in Venice, Italy. August 22, 2012 America’s Cup was on stage before the first day of the AC World Series in San Francisco, CA. On August 25, 2012, Cup was at center field of AT&T Park for San Francisco Giants v. Atlanta Braves game. At the opening of the West Coast Boat Show on April 13, 2013 the Cup was shown to fans at Jack London Square. June 6, 2013, the Cup appeared with Jimmy Spittle to throw out the first pitch at the San Francisco Giant’s game. July 15, 2013, saw the Cup at the Marina Green at San Francisco Bay for the Louis Vuitton Regatta. And on July 27, 2013 the Cup was at America’s Cup Headquarters in San Francisco. On August 27, 2013, Team Oracle reception in San Francisco, CA with CEO Russell Coutts “Meet the Cup.” September 5, 2013, 34th America’s Cup opening news conference featured the Cup in San Francisco.
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The Cup was presented to the public on September 15, 2013 at San Francisco Bay. GGYC held a 27-race Thirty-fourth Defense of the America’s Cup on September 7, to September 25, 2013. The Regatta was won (9:8|10) by yacht Oracle Team USA (GGYC) (9-8), against challenger yacht Emirates Team New Zealand (RNZYS). GGYC retained the Cup as Trustee. This win has been called the most significant come-from-behind win in sports history. The Cup was photographed on Sept 25th, 2013 in San Francisco prior to being returned to Oracle Team USA.
And it was almost destroyed…again. While being manhandled by an Oracle Team USA crewmember in front of a crowd, the Cup narrowly missed being smashed on the ground when the holder lost his footing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuH2BtxCL4I [Sept 26, 2013 0:38] On April 28, 2014, the Cup was featured at the 47th Antigua Sailing Week at Shirley Heights. On June 19, 2014, the Cup was on display at the National Maritime Museum in London, England. Back in the USA on June 24, 2013, the Cup was open for viewing aboard the yacht Arabella at the Dennis Conner North Cove in San Diego. On July 17, 2014 the Cup was on dispay at the Dana Point Yacht Club, 24399 Dana Drive, San Diego. On September 9, 2014, the Cup appeared at a press conference at St. Pancras Renaissance Hotel in London, England to promote the 35th America’s Cup. December 2, 2014 New York City press conference announcing that Bermuda beat out San Diego for the 2017 hosting featured the Cup. December 3, 2014 the Cup arrived by private jet in Bermuda https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qshQ4IDFmNk to bagpiper and a water spray by the Airport Division of the Bermuda Fire Service [4:18] [BER News]. It then travelled in a police-escorted open-top procession, balanced in the rear of a Cooper Mini. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJQS5PYBAEQ shows the reception at Cabinet Grounds. [14:48] [BER News]. On Friday, February 15, 2015, upon arrival in Oman for the America’s Cup World Series races, it was discovered that the Cup had been damaged – the handle was broken and/or bent. Reportedly it was sent to London, presumably Garrard, on a private jet to be repaired. It was returned quickly enough that the damage never became widely known. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDwaxzl5L2M The Cup visited the Butterfield Bank in Bermuda on May 15, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdJjjq5HG7Y&t=28s [2:57] July 22, 2015 saw the Cup on display at Portsmouth UK at the AC World Series. October 1, 2015 saw the Cup at a meet-and-greet at the Annapolis Yacht Club, 2 Compromise Street, Annapolis MD The Cup was at the Annapolis Boat Show on October 8 and 9, 2015. The Cup was on hand for the Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series in Oman on February 25-28, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDwaxzl5L2M and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHVajZuZpt4 May 5, 2016 the Louis Vuitton World Series in New York City hosted America’s Cup at their press conference at Brookfield Place. On June 1, 2016, America’s Cup was displayed at press conference in Fukuoka City, Japan. July 2016 saw the Dana Point Yacht Club hosted America’s Cup to a standing room only crowd. June 16, 2017 saw the Cup displayed at a press briefing leading up to the start of the America’s Cup final in Hamilton, Bermuda. On a cold July 12, 2017, Cantabrians celebrated the Cup victory on a New Zealand news broadcast. (In Māori with subtitles) Version 1.4
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpHLVVC_FTA GGYC held a 9-race Thirty-fifth Defense of America’s Cup on June 17, to June 26, 2017. The Regatta was won (8:1) by challenger yacht New Zealand, against defender yacht USA-17 (GGYC). GGYC relinquished control of the cup after holding it for 7 years, 4 months. Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (RNZYS) assumed the Cup as its 7th Trustee.
Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron as 7th Trustee 6/26/2017 – present
On July 4, 2017 TNZ personnel were showing fans the Cup at Auckland International Airport. In salute, “the plane had been drenched by fire rescue trucks as it taxied onto the runway apron.” On July 6, 2017, Cup displayed at Team New Zealand Welcome Home Parade in Auckland NZ, hosted by Grant Dalton and NZ Prime Minister Bill English. During the Wellington Welcome Home Parage on July 11, 2017, Peter Burling held the Cup for all to admire. July 12, 2017 saw the Cup at Christchurch, NZ, and the following day at the Dunedin America’s Cup Parade. In 2017 Louis Vuitton equipped the America’s Cup with a new bespoke trunk for the 35th competition. This trophy trunk featured a vivid scarlet “V” to reflect the new Louis Vuitton America’s Cup logo and was specifically sized to fit a first-class locker on Emirates, so it would never have to be put in the hold. The trunk was handmade by three craftsmen in the historical workshop of Louis Vuitton in Asnières, France and was the result of over 400 man-hours of work, through seven steps of fabrication. [see The Trophy Trunks section later in this chapter] September 29. 2017, America’s Cup was present at the announcement of the Protocol Rules for the 36th AC at the RNZYS in Auckland. Thursday, October 6, 2017 - New Zealand Tour – Taipa Sailing Club, Doubtless Bay NZ Friday, October 7, 2017 - New Zealand Tour – Kerikeri Cruising Club, Bay of Islands NZ Saturday, October 7, 2017 - New Zealand Tour – Whangarei Cruising Club, Whangarei NZ Sunday, October 8, 2017 - New Zealand Tour – Thames Sailing Club, Takapuna NZ and Mercury Bay Yacht Club, Whitianga NZ Monday, October 9, 2017 - New Zealand Tour – Edgecumbe and Rotorua Yacht Club, Rotoura NZ Tuesday, October 10, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Tanpu Sailing Club Wednesday, October 11, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Napier Sailing Club, Napier NZ Thursday, October 12, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Queen Charlotte Yacht Club, Picton NZ Friday, October 13, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Lake Brunner Yacht Club, Karoro NZ and at Waikawa Boating Cub Saturday, October 14, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Kaikoura Boating Club, Kaikoura NZ and Pleasant Point Yacht Club, Christchurch Sunday, October 15, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Mimaru Yacht and Powerboat Club and Oamaru Yacht and Powerboat Club Monday, October 16, 2017 – New Zealand Tour – Wanaka Yacht and Powerboat Club and Queenstown-Wakastpu Yacht Club Tuesday, October 17, 2017 – Civic Theatre Victoria Room, Invercargill NZ Tuesday, October 17, 2017 – New Zealand Tour - Bluff Yacht Club, Bluff NZ In late October 2017, ETNZ brought the Cup for a major sailing cultural exchange tour of Hong Kong and China in advance of the China Cup regatta October 26-29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIG8gnHXcmc The Louis Vuitton trunk was replaced by a Prada-designed travel case in 2018 following a transfer of principal sponsorship from Louis Vuitton to rival fashion house Prada. (see The Trophy Trunks section later in this chapter) While in the hands of the RNZYS, routine polishing and maintenance was conducted by Dave Worrall of Dave Worrall Jewellers, Ltd., Auckland. In an interview with Mr. Worrall, the question of security involving the Cup while being polished was an obstacle. Worrall commented, “No, we don’t even take it out of the building – we just bring it down to the (club’s) kitchen and wash it in the sink.” The Cup is professionally polished thus “three to four times a year – depending on where it’s been.” Around April 16, 2018, the Cup was displayed in England at Her Majesty’s Jubilee. On Tuesday, October 17, 2017, the Cup was at the Civic Theater’s Victoria Room in Invercargill NZ and later at the Bluff Yacht Club on Foreshore Road in Bluff, NZ.
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February 6, 2018 the Cup was in China as part of RNZYS’ sailing outreach program and the China Cup regatta. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIG8gnHXcmc&t=871s As part of the launch of the Protocol for the 36th AC, the Cup (in its latest PRADA luggage) was pictured on the pier at the Royal Yacht Squadron in Cowes, UK on August 31, 2018. The new case was revealed at the Cowes Overture Presentation on October 25, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgMaWl7ApE0&t=3s September 6, 2019, the Cup was present upon the launching of Team New Zealand’s new yacht Te Aihe. [This “cup” was likely a standin as it (a) did not have the carbon fiber base attached in the photograph, (b) was being held by an individual holding the cup by its fragile lower handle and (c) the cup appears to be covered with salt water spots or similar. It is unlikely the actual 1848 Garrard Ewer]
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/blair-tuke-of-team-new-zealand-holds-the-americas-cup-as-newsphoto/1172588201?adppopup=true On November 19, 2019, Prince Charles and Camilla were shown the Cup on a visit to Auckland. The Cup was front and center at Moraine Lodge, Mt. Cook, on October 20, 2020. America’s Cup was photographed on November 19. 2020 at Auckland Harbor, New Zealand March 9, 2021 the Cup was on display at the 2021 America’s Cup press conference at Prada Media Center in Auckland.
On March 15, 2021, the Cup was on display, back at the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron in Auckland. The Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron no longer takes any chances regarding security for America’s Cup. The newly-renovated upper floor of the Clubhouse houses not only America’s Cup but the Louis Vuitton Cup and the Louis Vuitton Challenger Playoff Trophy, each in individual display cases. Security includes a rope barrier, inside of which is a local proximity alarm, and should anyone actually touch the case, there is a separate alarm - connected to police and authorities. Multiple steps of notification are required prior to unlocking the display. It reportedly now takes over ten minutes to get the Cup out of its cabinet. 174 RNZYS held a 10-race Thirty-sixth Defense of the America’s Cup on March 9, to March 17, 2021. The regatta was won (7:3) by yacht Emirates Team New Zealand (RNZYS), against challenger yacht Prada Pirelli Luna Rossa (CVS). RNZYS retained the Cup as 7th Trustee. A 2021 YouTube short https://www.youtube.com/shorts/wjtTvIOCt3o showed the Cup in the same room as the 1997 attack on a wood pedestal outside of its security case. July 17, 2021 in an on-water welcoming ceremony, the Cup was mobbed at Viaduct Harbor in Auckland. On May 19, 2021, the Australian band POND released a song and video entitled “America’s Cup
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=youtube+pond+america%27s+cup&qpvt=youtube+pond+america%27s+cup&view=detail&mid=01E59DEB0 9B782EF7C5701E59DEB09B782EF7C57&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dyoutube%2Bpond%2Bamerica%2527s%2Bcup%26qp vt%3Dyoutube%2Bpond%2Bamerica%2527s%2Bcup%26FORM%3DVDRE
On March 29, 2022, the Cup was in Barcelona, Spain for the announcement of the venue for the 37th America’s Cup . May 31, 2023 Cup was at a Barcelona press conference announcing Puig as the first Women’s America’s Cup Naming sponsor. September 14 of 2023 saw Cup at a press conference on the eve of the Preliminary regatta at Vilanova I la Geltru. September 17-18, 2023 Filipe VI, King of Spain receives Cup at Albeniz Palace in Barcelona, Spain on the occasion of the first Preliminary Regatta of the 37th America’s Cup defense. Vilanova I la Geltru.
174 As it was for the Authors on 5 April 2023.
•
Likely the “stunt double” cup, not the true AC.
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November 29-December 2, 2023 saw the Cup at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia for the second Preliminary Regatta. April 12, 2024 saw the Cup at home in Auckland, on display at the RNZYS. June 17, 2024, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez at Moncloa residence in Madrid received America’s Cup.* June 25, 2024 Club Nautic L’Escala. L’Escala, Spain* June 26,2024, Club Nautic Costa Brava Vela Palamos, Palamos, Spain* June 27, 2024, Club Nautic Vilassar De Mar, Vilassar De Mar, Spain* June 28, 2024, Club Nautic De Sitges, Sitges Spain* June 29, 2024, Reial Club Nautic De Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain* June 30, 2024, Club Nautic Cambrils, Cambrils, Spain* July 1, 2024, Barcelona* September 3, 2024, the Cup was present at Mol d’Espanya in Barcelona for the premier of Cupra Terramar SUV 2024.* RNZYS held an 8-race Thirty-seventh Defense of the America’s Cup on October 12 to October 19, 2024, in Barcelona, Spain. The regatta was won (7:1) by yacht Emirates Team New Zealand (RNZYS), against challenger yacht INEOS Britannia (RYS). RNZYS retained the Cup as 7th Trustee. On October 19, 2024, an America’s Cup stunt double was presented to the assembled crowd in Barcelona following the win earlier in the day by ETNZ. (See complete story elsewhere in The Cups – Compendium.) On 1 April 2025, sailing blogger Magnus wrote an article stating the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron
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Trustee’s Published Rules Concerning Display of the Cup The following Display Rules and Care Rules were provided by the Golden Gate Yacht Club, however, as witnessed by the spelling of distinctive words in the text, it was likely written earlier during the Australian possession of the Cup. It is believed that there is a separate document regarding security, which we are actively seeking.
Rules for the Display of America’s Cup on Tour 1. 2. 3. 4.
America’s Cup shall always be displayed above eye level. America’s Cup shall be removed from display if there becomes a lack of interest shown. America’s Cup shall be displayed with the handle to the left (spout to the right). America’s Cup shall not be touched. (Exception: does not apply if the person touching has actually WON the Cup.)
Care of America’s Cup “The trophy should be handled, transported, and displayed with the dignity and security it deserves, not unlike any other museumquality artifact (which it is)! In fact, consult with the curatorial staff of a top-notch museum. If in doubt, please consult Garrard & Co. or a high-class jeweller [sic] or recognized museum/collection. Sterling Silver: A metal yes, but it can scratched, dented, fractured and may corrode. In the case of the America’s Cup, some elements are particularly thin, notably the bulbous cartouches or lobes. Handling: The Cup should always be handled wearing clean, pre-washed, white cotton gloves. The gloves should be pre-washed to remove any fabric sizing (starch) and lint. White, so there are no dyes that could stain the silver. Handling of the Cup with bare hands is to be avoided whenever possible so that acids and oils from skin are not left on it. Cleaning: The Cup should be professionally and regularly cleaned and only by hand. Consult with a museum for who they use for this service. Preferably, the cleaner comes to the Cup. Polishes should be of accepted standard, not household grade or dips. Silvo 175 and Garrard's are acceptable brands of cleaner. Antique silver is noted for its warm colour. [sic] Excessive cleaning will eventually wear the engraving, as will rubbing to remove fingerprints. After cleaning, silver can be gently polished with soft chamois. Avoid putting the Cup in places heated (or cooled?) by natural gas. Silver tarnishes much faster in this environment. Packing: Thanks to Louis Vuitton Malletier, America's Cup has a fitted case for transport. Be sure the inside surface of this case is clean so as not to scratch the Cup. In fact, if the case is not already lined with it, and if there is space, wrap the Cup in “Pacific Cloth.” 176 This is usually a brown or grey cotton cloth specially made for silver and have anti-tarnish properties. Use the gloves. And as I mentioned
175 Silvo Metal Polish: Reckitt Benckiser Pty Ltd, West Ryde NSW Australia.
176 An anti-tarnish, 100% cotton flannel that has embedded silver particles but no chemical treatment.
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above – a new case will be required for the winner of the 35th AC. Transport: The safest and most secure means available. An armored car is not necessary – but definitely not the family station wagon. Display & Security: Yes, always. Keep in a secure location. You have the “Hope Diamond” of sailing. When on display where this is not possible, at least 1 - 2 or more properly trained security guards, depending on the circumstances. The incident at the RNZYS was a salutary lesson that the Cup might attract attention-seeking protestors. The trophy should be accessible to the public as much as possible. The Trustee has responsibilities to the Cup community to act in the best interests of all. Renting the Cup for weddings, shopping centre [sic] openings and other inappropriate actions which demean the America’s Cup should be avoided.” Insurance: Garrard advised GGYC that for the purposes of insuring the Cup, the cost of replica, faithful in all detail, would be GBP260,000 (February 2010). It may be more than that now. Replicas & similar trophies: Of the other ewers contemporary with the America’s Cup, one has been given to the NYYC and is on display there (called the Mercer Cup – I think its hallmark is 1848); R.E. “Ted” Turner is believed to have one; and another was purchased as a wedding gift for the Duke of Richmond's daughter, and 40 years ago was in was in the possession of the Biddle family in Philadelphia. Two, very close replicas have been made in the modern era by Garrard. The first was made for Wm. I. “Bill” Koch following his successful defense in 1992. The second was made at the request of the crew of Alinghi following their victory in 2003 and presented to Ernesto Bertarelli. Authenticity: From 1857 until the night of September 25th, 1983, the Cup seldom left the custody of the NYYC. It was sent periodically to Tiffany & Co for engraving and to secure storage in the vaults of J.P. Morgan & Co. during war or when NYYC moved clubhouses (several times). Even when the AC races were moved to Newport in 1930, the Cup did not go there too. When Australia II, there was speculation as to whether the NYYC would actually present the authentic Cup. They did. But on the night of the presentation - New York Yacht Club Trustee Dyer Jones and another member of the NYYC Race Committee, separately placed a small, unobtrusive mark somewhere on the Cup; where or what not known to the other person. “After the prizegiving we separately wrote and sealed individual letters to the NYYC telling where we had placed our mark and what it was. These letters are to remain sealed as long as both are competent and living.” Those letters remain in the safe or archive of the NYYC. Last time Dyer saw the Cup closely enough to inspect it, his mark was still there. Of course it is possible that the engravers of the modern replicas copied it unwittingly or that the other mark was lost in the 1997 repair. (provided by Norbert Bajurin, former Commodore GGYC, 24 May 2023)177
But likely inherited from previous Trustees in either Australia or New Zealand based on spelling conventions therein. The Cups Page 118 of 335 Version 1.1 177
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The Second, Second Plinth Story One outstanding detail of America’s Cup is that the results of all of the races held to defend or to earn the trophy, from 1851 to today, are permanently engraved on the Sterling silver Cup and the two plinths that have been added to the original 1848 ewer. Since first deeded in 1857 - over 170 years - the Cup was put on the line thirty-six times, sailing 164 races and featuring 112 yachts. The results of those 164 races included the dates, the courses and the distances traversed, the names of the winning and losing vessels, and the margin of the win. The 17 regattas of 1851 through 1937 fit on the original Garrard/RYS 1848 Cup: 72 yachts, and 51 races and took 4,603 engraved characters to record. 178 But after 1937, the New York Yacht Club (and likely their engraver – Tiffany & Co.) determined that there just was no more room on the original ewer for any more records. In 1958, and at the request of the New York Yacht Club, Tiffany & Co. created a Sterling silver base – Plinth 1 – to enable a large number of additional records to be added. This Plinth was used for the years 1958 through 1992 with the results of 12 regattas, 24 yachts, 53 races and 3,663 engraved characters, all at an 8-point179 lettering size and identical style face. Gone were the grand flourishes of the oft-used “Olde English” or script styles, as engravers began to foresee the space issue. 180 The space that remained at the time of the 1995 match was planned to be adequate for two regattas. Unfortunately, RNZYS chose to record their 1995 win (5 races/304 characters) in somewhat larger font (10-point) and a wider kerning (spacing between letters) effectively using up the entire remaining space. (see photo at left). After 1995, the Cup was, symbolically speaking, full again. In late 2001, to allow sufficient space for the 31st defense held in 2000 and beyond, Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, as Trustee, arranged with Garrard (although the work was actually undertaken by Nayler Brothers Silversmiths Limited (23 Albemarle Street, London UK (dissolved 2009) to added a slightly shorter but wider second Plinth - 66-ounces of Sterling silver, 6.537-inch (16.6 cm)-high, 12.25-inch (31.11 cm) wide at the base and 10.91-inch (27.71 cm) wide at the top. RNZYS engraved their win against challenger Prada, in similar fashion to that engraving of 1995 on Plinth 1, but again broke with practice used from 1903-1992 – small enough letters to leave space for future defenses, and always with the names of the yachts in the match and but engraved at the larger 10-point181 lettering size.
Figure 101 Showing 1995 engraving compared to prior practice
The XXXI and XXXII Challenges saw the Cup won by Alinghi for Société Nautique de Geneve. In 2003 (5 races) and 2007 (7 races) Alinghi further broke prior practice and used an extra-large font (12-point182) to record their wins. Although the 2010 regatta only needed 198 characters to record the 2-race event, the 2013 Oracle comeback series in San Francisco, took 17 races and ate up a whopping 800 characters of engraving. The Golden Gate Yacht Club, winners in 2010, seriously considered replacing the Alinghi engraving, according to Tom Ehman, former vice-commodore, but decided for the time being instead to merely rotate it to a less obvious place at the back of the trophy. 183 So, from 2000 through 2017 there were 6 America’s Cup challenges consisting of 12 yachts, 45 races and 2,329 characters. The 2021 AC XXXVI that followed presented a concern. Due to AC Protocol changes, the average number of races had been increasing since 2000 and now averaged 7.857 per cup – up from 4.6 during the “Plinth 1” era, and up from 3 per regatta prior to 1937. Faster than ever before, space on the Cup was dwindling.
178 Not including additional engraving on the large lobes of the Cup describing its origins.
179
8-Point is 0.1111 inches (2mm) in height (THIS IS 8-PT).
The last “Old English” style engraving on the Cup was in 1899, the word “Columbia” in panel 6 of the lower body of the original 1848 ewer. 181 10-Point is 0.1389 inches (2.5mm) (THIS IS 10-PT). 180
182
12-Point is 0.1660 inches (3mm) (THIS IS 12-PT).
183 Suzanne McFadden 8/16/2017 article “Writing the wrongs: AC in for facelift”.
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Two possibilities were initially looked at: leave the second Plinth as it existed and add a new, third Plinth below; or remove the engraving and re-engrave the old and the new race information on the existing second Plinth. Envisioning the professional ice hockey trophy, the Stanley Cup (1893), which has added tier after tier of playoff performances, resulting in a trophy which is so large that only five (5) of its most recent lower tiers are displayed, with the top-most (oldest) tier retired when a new one is added to the bottom. The retired tiers are on display at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Canada. [The “travelling Stanley Cup” is 35 ¼ inches (89.54 cm) high, 11.42 inches (29 cm) wide and weighs 34.5 lbs. (15.5 kg)]. Adding tiers wouldn’t work for America’s Cup – it was already (1.1m) tall and weighed 14.7 kg (32.4 lbs.). Further, although much better, it was still structurally marginal due to the inherent stress on the lower stem. And adding a third Plinth would require a travel case that was 8 more inches in height over the current luggage, which would significantly affect transportation logistics as it would no longer fit in an airliner’s first-class closet. Space had to be found on the existing trophy – at least for the immediate future. [ED: Several potential additional engraving locations that, in our research, we have not found to be mentioned include the head and foot bands on both the first and second Plinths. On the original Cup, these spaces were fully used to record the results of such great races as 1903 (Reliance v Shamrock III), 1920 (Resolute v Shamrock IV), 1930 (Enterprise v Shamrock V), 1934 (Rainbow v Endeavour) and 1937 (Ranger v Endeavour II). In actuality, the available height and the diameters of these areas on each of the newer Plinths are larger than on the original ewer.] In our interview with Richard Wingfield (ret.) of RNZYS, these areas were considered, but due to the number of races occurring, the engraving lettering would be so minute as to be disrespectful to the winners.] The first thought was to buff down the existing engraving and to over-plate the Plinth with a new layer of Sterling silver. Although this appeared a promising solution, when consulted, the expert silversmiths at Garrard in London strongly recommended against this method because future polishing and buffing of the Cup would likely result in the re-appearance of the underlying old engraving. (Additionally, this method might have invalidated the original hallmarks, requiring a new Guild assay of the piece.) On June 27, 2018, RNZYS decided, with consensus from the former trustees, that the lower 2001 Sterling silver Plinth would be sent back to Garrard who would melt it down and credit the value of the silver content towards the cost of manufacturing a physicallymatching replacement piece. This replacement Plinth would then be re-engraved with the same race records for 2000-2013, plus the results for 2017, but in the 8-point lettering size and font used on the 1958 Plinth 1 from 1958 to 1992. The contract negotiated between RNZYS’s Richard Wingfield and Garrard and Co., was said to stipulate that the silver in the “two chunks of sterling” were to be melted down with the original 2001 Plinth and be incorporated in the new (replacement) Plinth. The lower Plinth was flown to London with Richard Wingfield in his carry-on luggage, while the rest of the ewer, upper plinth, bolt and travel case were later delivered to Garrard. Upon arrival in England on September 28, 2018, however, Garrard would not do it, citing the existing plinth as an historical artifact, and proposing that it should be kept in their vaults in perpetuity. Laura Peach, Global Sales Director at Garrard recalls “some of the staff were in tears we shouldn’t melt it down. We will keep it for you.” RNZYS felt that this was not the best way to proceed184 and, following a modification to the contract, Garrard returned the 2001 plinth to RNZYS and fabricated a replacement using new materials, engraved it to bring it current, including the complete race information to date, with the engraving done in a uniform, manner – by machine. It was believed that this would provide sufficient space to record two or three more Cup cycles. [As they had done for the 1995 match on the first Plinth, RNZYS had engraved the names of the teams (including commercial sponsor PRADA) rather than the names of the yachts for the 2000 match. For the matches in 2003, 2007, 2010 and 2013, SNG and GGYC returned to the practice of engraving yacht names rather than team names and avoided engraving sponsor names.] Figure 102 "Unauthorized" GARRARD engraving
Garrard did melt down the three sterling silver pieces of the original Cup that were removed and replaced during the repairs after the sledgehammer attack in 1997. This “ingot” was mounted to the interior “scaffolding base” with two screws. At the time, there was no engraving on the ingot.
The new Plinth was delivered to RNZYS by Garrard in November 2018. Unfortunately, RNZYS was not happy with Garrard; the Alinghi 5 win in 2010 had been engraved only as Alinghi (missing the “5”), and that the engraver had included “GARRARD” on the face of the bottom lip. RNZYS claimed that including the Garrard name on the trophy “had not been authorized.” It was sent back to remove “Garrard” and add the “5.”
184 Including possibly some remaining feelings from the “Silvergate” issue, years earlier.
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In 2019 back in New Zealand, RNZYS returned to Auckland silversmith Dave Worrall, [Dave Worrall Jewellers Ltd., Remueda (East Auckland) NZ] who agreed to melt down the 2001 plinth. Worrall had prior dealings with RNZYS and had been caring for the routine maintenance and polishing duties for the Cup since its original arrival in New Zealand in 2005. At the time the new Plinth was being manufactured, Worrall engraved “CRAFTED FROM THE DAMAGED PIECES FROM THE 1997 ATTACK” on the face of the 1 ¾” diameter “ingot” that Garrard had melted down and screwed to the internal wood sub-base of the Cup. Figure 103 Engraved Ingot (photo: breeze
The 2001 Plinth was melted and recast into a three-segment interlocking Sterling silver, magazine) satin-finished “tube” (approximately 3-inch (76.22mm) dia., 6 3/16-inch (157mm) high, and 5/16-inch (7.663mm) thick) wall on which is engraved the information of its provenance and inserted in the upper (first) plinth of the Cup. A small section with the original English hallmarks clipped from the 2001 Garrard plinth is affixed to the face of the middle cylinder with four compression studs.
Figure 104 Plinth, cut up prior to melting
Figure 105 “The Tube” prior to finishing/engraving
Fig 106 Fabricated Wood Column
The total weight of the trophy is now 18.1kg185 (39.493 lbs.) The “tube” is placed over a fabricated plywood column, the center of which is bored out to receive The Bolt, and through a small particle board spacer disc which makes up the difference in height and allows the column to fit snugly within the first Plinth and assist in bearing the weight loads of the Cup. (see America’s Cup Scaffolding, below) Following the RNZYS win in 2021, the Garrard-made replacement Plinth went back to Worrall for engraving. Even with the smaller lettering size and style, RNZYS was still concerned about the diminishing amount of space on the Plinth. In a break from prior practice, they chose to record the results of AC XXXVI by listing the basic information on the month and year, the RNZYS yacht (but not the Circolo della Vela Sicilia yacht!), the teams and title sponsors and their clubs, but only “TE REHUTAI WON 7-3” instead of listing each race and its information. This reduced the engraved characters to 155 186 for 2021. “If we had added the results of all 10 races in the 7-3 ETNZ victory earlier this year, we would have been out of space once again,” said RNZYS Committee member Richard Wingfield. Figure 107 2021 Re-engraving of Plinth 2
185 By actual measurement by Authors on 5 April 2023 at RNZYS in Auckland.
186 The average number of engraved characters to capture an AC regatta since 1851 has been 299.
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Worrall then went back and rubbed-out187 the records of the previous regattas back to 2000 and re-engraved them all in the new, shortened form. Wingfield explained that the new method should leave room for 15 more regattas or 60 years. [For details of all of America’s Cup engravings, both before and after the various replacements, please see Fonts and Inscriptions, below.] But a further modification to the second plinth was undertaken in March, 2023. In our interviews with both Richard Wingfield and Dave Worrall, it was learned that the RNZYS decided to take further steps to correct a wrong: The Cup results for AC XXXV and XXXVI both contained commercial name entries. Following the re-engraving, only the Yacht designation and the name of the Yacht Club remained – the words “ORACLE,” “EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND,” “PRADA PIRELLI” - all commercial names, had been permanently removed, to the great approval of Cup true-ists.
Fonts and Inscriptions With the exception of the nine (9) hallmarks, there was no additional engraving in place when the Cup was brought back to the United States after the 1851 win. In a letter from John Cox Stevens to George Schuyler on May 17, 1852, Stevens writes “I also enclose what I would propose for inscriptions upon the Cup – let me know if you approve of them or what alterations you desire.”
Tiffany & Co. (610 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY (212) 331-3312) was generally tasked with the engraving of the Cup while in the possession of the NYYC. Not included in Commodore Steven’s suggested engraving letter was what ultimately the biggest error: The Cup was engraved “100 Guinea Cup” while rightfully it was “The Royal Yacht Squadron Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns.” And notably, “Aurora” (the second-place yacht in the Isle of Wight race) does not even appear on the inscription 188. Another error, pointed out by Garrard & Co in a letter dated 18 November 1994, was that there was an additional missing entry: In early years it was common practice to list the contending yachts and their weights. A close inspection of the engraving at the panel showing the 1870 CAMBRIA, faintly shows the word “TON” but a blank space had been left by the engraver which he no doubt intended to fill in later. 189 The gap still exists. [For the record, Cambria’s recorded weight was 227.6 tons.]
Figure 105 - J. C. Stevens suggested Cup engraving - May 1852
There are five (5) hallmarks stamped into the spout of the Cup: 1. Maker’s Mark: R.G. below a crown – signifying Robert Garrard (stamped on piece by Garrard) 2. City Mark: Uncrowned leopard head – signifying “London” as the assay office (stamped on piece by Assay Office) 3. Purity Mark: Lion Passant – indicating Sterling Silver 0.925 (stamped on piece by Assay Office) 4. Date Mark: “N” indicating the year 1848-1849 that the piece was assayed. 190 (stamped on piece by Assay Office) 5. Duty Mark: Sovereign’s head – indicating that the duty had been paid on the piece (used from 1838-1890). In this case, Queen Victoria. (stamped on piece by Assay Office)
187 Dave Worrall reported that he used Emery cloth to remove the silver to the depth of the engraved letters.
Since the letters were machine engraved, the depth was extremely constant and relatively shallow. 188 Whether this was a simple engraving omission, or perhaps an intentional referral to the response to the Queen following AMERICA’s win that “there is no second,” is unknown. 189 A close inspection of latest photographs appear to reveal that, the “TON” reference has now almost or has disappeared, likely due to repeated polishing.
190 The British silversmiths worked under a “Guild Year” which ran from about May to April, so the “1848” date of the Cup could have been as early as May, 1848 or as late as April 30, 1849. But it also indicates that the ewer could not have been purchased in “early 1848” as recently reported.
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There are four (4) additional hallmarks stamped onto the face of the foot of the original Cup. 6. Maker’s Mark: R.G. below a crown (stamped on piece by Garrard) 7. Duty Mark: Sovereign’s head (stamped on piece by Assay Office) 8. Purity Mark: Lion Passant (stamped on piece by Assay Office) 9. (undiscernible) Over the years, engraving took the form of several methods – hand tool engraving, machine engraving, laser engraving and individually-punched letters. But even as far back as 1899 there were concerns about space: “Tiffany is now concerned as to where he will carve these inscriptions. There is only one small panel below the six large shields about the body of the cup that is not filled. On these shields is told the story of the trophy. And the narrative has taken all the space available there for inscriptions, also on the panels underneath, with the exception of one, leaving just enough room to contain the account of this year’s races. Should there be more than two, that number can be crowded in and still leave space for another contest. More than that will fill the cup.” “At first, the silversmiths were quite lavish with their space, not conceiving how valuable it would be in later years. On each successive race they economized, as will be seen by the following list of inscriptions which the cup bears….” 191 [Salt Lake Herald: Sunday, September 10, 1899, page 16, Story of the America’s Cup] During the 1997 restoration of the Cup following the attack in New Zealand, as mentioned previously, large portions of the original Cup were re-engraved by Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard and Co., to match the original. The 2010 and 2013 races were added to the lower plinth by the San Francisco firm of Ken Smith Engraving. But on 28 September 2018, at the direction of RNZYS, and with the approval of the yacht clubs already engraved on Cup, the lower plinth was sent back to Garrard to be remanufactured and re-engraved in the classic format, assuring that there would be sufficient space for the contestants of the near future. (see Second, Second Plinth below)
“Maintenance of such an old silver Cup is a skilled work and Garrard was a natural choice because of our history and experience in this field.” Claire Scott, Head of Design at House of Garrard
The Deed of Gift is silent on the engraving of the Cup. However, In the Protocol agreement for AC-36 (2021), the issue of engraving was first mentioned: “33. NAME OF YACHTS 33.3. If a yacht does not have a name that has been approved by the COR/D she will, for all the purposes of the Event, including the engraving on the America’s Cup trophy, be called by her allocated sail number. For the avoidance of doubt: (a) a name that has not been approved by COR/D shall not be engraved on the America’s Cup trophy;” America’s Cup is engraved as shown on the pages that follow:
This Symbol indicates that the TEXT, CAPITALIZATION, SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, the information contained, and the general arrangement of the engraving has been checked and verified against the actual America’s Cup trophy, based on a detailed photo session and inspection conducted by the authors on April 5, 2023 at Auckland. The FONT STYLE is representative, but the relative TYPE SIZE is as accurate as possible, considering that the original engraving was hand lettered. The presence (or absence) of commas and periods reflects the actual engraving on the Cup. It does vary greatly from year to year.
191
Newspaper article that goes on to list the information shown below for each panel from 1851 to 1897.
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1895
spout side
handle side
1871
1899 1930
1893
Built 1851
Presented to
1903 handle side
handle side
1920 1937 1939
1934
1885
1876 1881
1887
Hallmarks (4)
1886
Section B
Section A
1870 100 Guineas Cup
Section C
Hallmarks (5)
C
C 100 Guinea Cup
1871
1870
Presented to
B
1886 1887
1895 1893
1901
1901
A
Hallmarks (4)
1876 1881
Built 1851 by 1899
1885
1920
1903
B A
1903
1937 top band.
1939 1934 1983 1987 1988 1992
1930
1958 "Plinth 1".
1970 1974 1977 1980
1995 lower band. top band.
2007 2010 2013
2001 "Plinth 2". 2017
Hallmarks (5)
1920
1958 1962 1964 1967
2000 2003
2021
lower band. carbon fiber base.
Front View
America's Cup Engraving Locations
Rear View
(For details of each inscription, please refer to FONTS & INSCRIPTIONS in Compendium) 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XI The Cups
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Spout - 1848
Stamped Hallmarks (5) by R. Garrard & Co., 1848 (at time of manufacture)
Figure 106
MAIN LOBE ENGRAVING Lobe 1 of 6 [1876/1881] (Front – Left, closest to handle) Engraved by:
AUGUST 11, 1876 Schr. Countess of Dufferin Vs Schr. Madeline MAJ. CHARLES GIFFORD, ESQ. Owner
JOHN S. DICKERSON, ESQ., Owner
By 10 m. 59 Sec.
N.Y.Y. CLUB COURSE AUGUST 12TH 1876
Countess of Dufferin Vs Schr. Madeleine MADELEINE WINNER by 27 m 14 sec OUTSIDE COURSE
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Fig 107
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Lobe 2 of 6 - 1851 (Front - Center)
Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY (after May 1852) Re-engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard and Co. (1997)
100 GUINEA CUP WON
August 22 nd1851 at Cowes
England
By Yacht
America AT THE
Royal Yacht Squadron Regatta “OPEN TO ALL NATIONS” BEATING
Cutters Volante Arrow Alarm Mona Bacchante Freak Eclipse
Schooners 48 TONS 84 “ 193 “ 62 “ 60 “ 60 “
Beatrice Wyvern Iona Constance Gypsy Queen Brilliant
161 TONS 205 “ 75
“
218 “ 100 “ 392 “
50 “
Note: Despite being included on John C. Stevens’ “Inscriptions for cup” hand-written recommendation, and having placed second in the race, the listing of “Aurora – 47 Tons” is missing from the Cup. Additionally, Stevens’ recommendation of a note that Brilliant was “(3 masted)” and that “*Stella – 65”, “*Titania – 100” and “*Fernande – 127” (*did not start) never made it to the Cup.
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Lobe 3 of 6 - 1870 (Front-Right) PANEL TO THE LEFT OF ABOVE Hand-engraved: Tiffany & Co., New York, 1870 Re-engraved: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard & Co., 1997
CHALLENGED TO BE SAILED FOR OVER
New York Yacht Club Course AUGUST 8th 1870 BY
Mr. James Ashbury with Schooner Yacht Cambria ____ TONS
REPRESENTING ROYAL THAMES YACHT CLUB
CAMBRIA
Beaten in the following order by
MAGIC. IDLER. SILVIE.
SCHOONER YACHTS. AMERICA. DAUNTLESS. MADGIE.
PHANTOM. ALICE. HALCYON.
Fig 111 Version 1.0
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Lobe 4 of 6 – 1871 (Rear - Left) OCT 16TH 1871
Original 1848 lobe destroyed. Re-fabricated: 1997 by Rod Hingston for Garrard and Co. Engraved 1997 by Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard and Co.
PRESENTED TO THE
New York Yacht Club AS A
Challenge Cup OPEN TO ALL FOREIGN CLUBS. BY THE OWNERS
John C. Stevens Hamilton Wilkes Geo. L. Schuyler J. Beekman Finlay Edwin A. Stevens
Note: This bulb or node of the original Cup was replaced during the repairs following the 1997 attack due to extreme damage. The original was later melted down and is now a part of the Sterling silver “ingot” that is in the base of Plinth 1. Figure 110
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Lobe 5 of 6 – 1871 (Center-rear) Original Engraving by: OCTOBER 16th 1871
Schr Livonia Vs Schr Columbia James Ashbury Esq. Owner / ’\ Franklin Osgood Esq. Owner COLUMBIA WINNER BY 27 M 14 Sec N.Y.Y. CLUB COURSE OCT 18TH 1871
Schr Livonia Vs Schr Columbia COLUMBIA WINNER BY 10 M 53 Sec (34) OUTSIDE COURSE OCT 19TH 1871
Schr Livonia vs Schr Columbia LIVONIA WINNER BY 15 M 10 Sec NYY CLUB COURSE OCT. 20TH 1871
Schr Livonia Vs Schr Sappho W P DOUGLAS, Esq, Owner
SAPPHO WINNER BY 30m 21sec OUTSIDE COURSE
Handle on this side of panel
OCT. 25TH 1871
Schr Livonia Vs Schr Sappho SAPPHO WINNER BY 25M 27Sec N.Y.Y. CLUB COURSE
Fig 112 Version 1.0
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Lobe 6 of 6 - 1851 (Rear – Right) Original engraving: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY
Commodore John C. Stevens BUILT BY GEORGE STEERS
Of New York 1851
Fig 109
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CENTRAL PANEL ENGRAVING
Central Panel 1 of 6 - 1885 (located directly below 1876 panel)
Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1885 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997 SEPT 14 1885 N.Y.Y. CLUB COURSE SLOOP Puritan BEAT
CUTTER Genesta ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON OF ENGLAND 16 min 19 sec SEPT 16 1885 20 MILES TO LEEWARD OF SANDY H.L.S & RETURN SLOOP Puritan BEAT
CUTTER Genesta 1 min 35 sec
Figure 113
Point Size varies
Races 2
Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) 177 220 Central Panel 2 of 6. 1886 (located directly below 100 Guinea Cup panel) Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1886 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997
Lines 15
SEPT 9 1886 N.Y.Y. CLUB COURSE SLOOP Mayflower BEAT
CUTTER Galatea OF ROYAL NORTHERN YACHT CLUB OF SCOTLAND 12 min 02 sec SEPT. 11. 1886 20 MILES TO LEEWARD OF SANDY H.L.S & RETURN SLOOP Mayflower BEAT
CUTTER Galatea 28 min 09 sec
Point Size varies` Version 1.0
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Letter count (no spaces) 178
Letters (with spaces) 218 Page 133 of 335
Lines 14
Figure 114
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Central Panel 3 of 6. 1887 (located directly below 1870 panel)
Originally Hand-Engraved by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1887 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997 SEPT 27 1887 N Y Y CLUB COURSE SLOOP Volunteer BEAT
CUTTER Thistle OF ROYAL CLYDE YACHT CLUB OF SCOTLAND 19 min 23 3/4 sec SEPT 30 1887 20 MILES TO WINDWARD FR SCOTLAND L S & RETURN SLOOP Volunteer BEAT
CUTTER Thistle 11 min 49 sec
Figure 115 Point Size varies
Races 2
Letter count (no spaces) 190
Letters (with spaces) 233
Lines 15
Central Panel 4 of 6. 1893 (located directly below “Presented to” panel) Original Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, c.1893 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997 OCT 7TH 1893
Vigilant N.Y.Y.C. CUTTER Valkyrie R.Y.S.
SLOOP
15 MILES TO LEEWARD & RETURN
Vigilant WON BY 5min48 sec OCT. 9TH A TRIANGLE 10 MILES TO A LEG
Vigilant WON BY 10 min35 sec OCT. 13TH 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN
Vigilant WON BY 40 sec Figure 116 Point Size varies
The Cups
Races 3
Letter count (no spaces) 199
Letters (with spaces) 248 Page 134 of 335
Lines 14 Version 1.0
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Central Panel 5 of 6. 1895 [located directly below 1871 Livonia v. Columbia panel] Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, c.1895 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997
1895
Defender N.Y.Y.C. Valkyrie III R.Y.S. SEPT 7TH COURSE 15 MILES TO WINDWARD
Defender WON 8 min 49 sec SEPT 10TH COURSE TRIANGLE 30 MILES
Defender WON Valkyrie III DISQUALIFIED SEPT 12TH COURSE 15 MILES TO WINDWARD
Defender WON Valkyrie III WITHDREW TIME OF RACE 4 hrs., 43 min.,
43 sec.
Figure 117
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines varies 3 240 291 16 Note: On Original 1848 Cup, the “43 sec.” of the Defender’s win is listed on the bottom line – not in line as some replicas show.
Central Panel 6 of 6. 1899 [located directly below 1871 Livonia v. Columbia panel] Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, c.1899 Replacement: Hand-Engraved by: Geoffrey Stocker, Garrard, 1997
1899
Columbia N.Y.Y.C. Shamrock R.U.YC. OCTOBER 16TH COURSE 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN
Columbia WON 10 min 8 sec OCTOBER 17TH COURSE TRIANGLULAR 10 MILES TO A LEG
Shamrock CARRIED AWAY TOPMAST WITHDREW
Columbia SAILED OVER THE COURSE 3 HRS 37 MINS OCTOBER 20TH COURSE 15 MILES TO LEEWARD AND RETURN
Columbia WON BY 6 MIN 34 SEC Figure 118
Point Size varies Version 1.0
Races 3
Letter count (no spaces) 273
Letters (with spaces) 333 Page 135 of 335
Lines 15
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
FOOT AND PEDESTAL ENGRAVING
Stem
Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, c.1901 1901 COLUMBIA, N.Y.Y.C. vs. SHAMROCK II, ROYAL ULSTER Y. C.
THIRD RACE OCTOBER 4TH 1901 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN COLUMBIA WON BY 41 SEC
Point Size 6
Races 3
FIRST RACE SEPTEMBER 28TH 1901 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN COLUMBIA WON BY 1 MIN 20 SEC
Letter count (no spaces) 240
Letters (with spaces) 349
SECOND RACE OCTOBER 3RD 1901 TRIANGULAR 30 MILES 10 MILES TO A LEG COLUMBIA WON BY 3 MIN 35 SEC
Lines 5
Foot top rim centered under spout.1903
Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1903 1903 RELIANCE N.Y.Y.C. VS. SHAMROCK III ROYAL ULSTER YACHT CLUB AUG. 22 18 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RELIANCE BY 7M 03 SEC AUG 25 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RELIANCE BY 1M 15 SEC SEPT 3 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RELIANCE SHAMROCK III WITHDREW
Point Size 8
Races 3
Letter count (no spaces) 233
Letters (with spaces) 289
Lines 5
Below 1903 on front of foot. 1937
Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1937 1937 RANGER N.Y.Y.C. RANGER N.Y.Y.C. VS ENDEAVOUR ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON JULY 31 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RANCER BY 17 M 05 SEC AUG 2 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RANGER BY 18M 32 SECS AUG 4 – 18 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RANGER BY 4 MIN 27 SECS AUG 5 – EQUILATERIAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RANGER BY 3M 37 SECS
Point Size 8
Races 3
Letter count (no spaces) 233
Letters (with spaces) 289
Lines 5
Below Handle and centered on top rim of foot.1920 Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1920
1920 RESOLUTE NYYC VS SHAMROCK IV ROYAL ULSTER YACHT CLUB *JULY 15 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN WON BY SHAMROCK IV – RESOLUTE WITHDREW JULY 20 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY SHAMROCK IV BY 2M 26SEC* *JULY 21 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RESOLUTE BY 7M 01SEC JULY 23 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RESOLUTE BY 9M 55 SECS* JULY 27 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RESOLUTE BY 15M 45 SECS
Note: *all one line Point Size 8
The Cups
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 258
Letters (with spaces) 449
Page 136 of 335
Lines 5
Version 1.0
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Below 1920 (starts in line with July 15 of 1920 on front of foot. 1930) Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1930
1930 ENTERPRISE NYYC VS SHAMROCK ROYAL ULSTER YACHT CLUB SEPT 13 – 15 MILES TO LEEWARD AND RETURN – WON BY ENTERPRISE BY 2M 52 SECS SEPT 15 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY ENTERPRISE BY 9M 34 SECS SEPT 17 – 15 MILES TO LEEWARD AND RETURN – WON BY ENTERPRISE SHAMROCK WITHDREW SEPT 18 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY ENTERPRISE BY 5M 44 SECS
Point Size 8
Races 4
Letter count (no spaces) 301
Letters (with spaces) 375
Lines 6
Below 1920 (lines up under 15 m 45 secs. 1934)
Hand-Engraved by: Tiffany & Co., New York, NY, 1934 1934 RAINBOW N.Y.Y.C. VS. ENDEAVOUR ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON SEPT 17 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY ENDEAVOUR BY 2M 09 SECS. SEPT 18 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY ENDEAVOUR BY 51 SECS. SEPT 20 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RAINBOW BY 3M 26 SECS. SEPT 22 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RAINBOW BY 1M 15 SECS. SEPT 24 – 15 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN – WON BY RAINBOW BY 4M 01 SECS. SEPT 25 – EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – TEN MILES TO LEG – WON BY RAINBOW BY 55 SECS.
Point Size 8
Races 6
Letter count (no spaces) 400
Letters (with spaces) 508
Lines 8
Front face of foot (located between 1920 and 1934) Hand-stamped: R & S Garrard Co., 1848
Figure 119 Hallmark Stamps on Foot of 1848 Cup
Front face of foot (located between 1930 and 1937) at extreme lower edge. R&S GARRARD PANTON ST LONDON
This is the last entry on the 1848 Ewer -
Version 1.3
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America’s Cup Compendium
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PLINTH 1 ENGRAVING Crafted by Tiffany & Co. New York, NY as a commission of New York Yacht Club (NYYC) in 1958. As this piece is not of English manufacture, it does not bear traditional hallmarks, but on the underside of the top plate is stamped “TIFFANY & Co. |MAKERS | STERLING SILVER | 12345 | L” (The “L” indicates Wm. T. Lusk, the great grandson of the Tiffany founder.) The Plinth is 0.925 Sterling Silver; stands 7 7/16 inches (18.79 cm) high and is 10 ½ inches (26.67 cm) in diameter at its foot and 8 inches (20.32 cm) in diameter at the 7/16-inch-high stem which fits into the 1848 Cup. There are no mechanical fasteners between the Plinth and the Cup. The Plinth can be rotated 360 degrees and is not specifically “indexed” to the Cup. P1.T – Plinth 1 – Top Band Currently there is NO engraving on Top Band of Plinth 1 P1.1.1.1958 - Plinth 1 - Stack 1 – 1 of 4 Engraved: 1958 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY `
Point Size 8
Races 4
1958 COLUMBIA N.Y.Y.C. VS. SCEPTRE, ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON SEPT 20 – 6 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN - TWICE AROUND – WON BY COLUMBIA BY 7M 43S SEPT 24 – 24 MILES EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – WON BY COLUMBIA 11M 40S SEPT 25 – 6 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN - TWICE AROUND – WON BY COLUMBIA BY 8M 21S SEPT 26 – 24 MILES EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – WON BY COLUMBIA 6M 52S
Letter count (no spaces) 284
Letters (with spaces) 427
Lines 6
P1.1.2.1962 - Plinth 1 - Stack 1 – 2 of 4 Engraved: 1962 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1962 WEATHERLY N.Y.Y.C. VS. GRETEL, ROYAL SYDNEY YACHT SQUADRON SEPT 15 6 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN - TWICE AROUND – WON BY WEATHERLY 3M 46S SEPT 18 24 MILES EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE - WON BY GRETEL BY 47S SEPT 20 6 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN - TWICE AROUND – WON BY WEATHERLY 8M 40S SEPT 12 24 MILES EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE - WON BY WEATHERLY BY 26S SEPT 23 6 MILES TO WINDWARD AND RETURN - TWICE AROUND – WON BY WEATHERLY 3M 40S
`
Point Size 8
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 345
Letters (with spaces) 506
Lines 7
P1.1.3.1964 - Plinth 1 - Stack 1 – 3 of 4 Engraved: 1964 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1964 CONSTELLATION N.Y.Y.C. VS. SOVERIGN, ROYAL THAMES YACHT CLUB SEPT 15 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE – WON BY CONSTELLATION BY 5M 34S SEPT 17 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE – WON BY CONSTELLATION BY 20M 24S SEPT 19 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE – WON BY CONSTELLATION BY 6M 33S SEPT 21 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE – WON BY CONSTELLATION BY 15M 40S
Point Size 8
The Cups
Races 4
Letter count (no spaces) 295
Letters (with spaces) 368
Page 138 of 335
Lines 6 Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P1.1.4.1967 - Plinth 1 - Stack 1 – 4 of 4
Engraved: 1967 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1967
INTREPID N.Y.Y.C. VS. DAME PATTIE, ROYAL SYDNEY YACHT SQUADRON SEPT 12 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - INTREPID BY 6M 8S SEPT 13 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - INTREPID BY 3M 37S SEPT 14 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - INTREPID BY 4M 42S SEPT 18 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - INTREPID BY 3M 38S
Point Size 8
Races 4
Letter count (no spaces) 277
Letters (with spaces) 357
Lines 6
P1.2.1.1970 - Plinth 1 - Stack 2 – 1 of 4
Engraved: 1970 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1970
INTREPID NYYC VS. GRETEL II ROYAL SYDNEY YACHT SQUADRON
SEPT. 15–24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY - INTREPID BY 5M 52S SEPT. 20–24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY - INTREPID BY DSQ SEPT. 22–24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY- INTREPID BY 1M 13S SEPT. 24–24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY - GRETEL II BY 1M 10S SEPT. 28–24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY - INTREPID BY 1M 45S
Point Size 8
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 322
Letters (with spaces) 400
Lines 7
P1.2.2.1974 - Plinth 1 - Stack 2 – 2 of 4
Engraved: 1974 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1974 COURAGEOUS NYYC VS SOUTHERN CROSS ROYAL PERTH YACHT CLUB
SEPT 10 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 4M 54S SEPT 12 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 1M 11S SEPT 16 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 5M 27S SEPT 17 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 7M 19S
Point Size 8
Races 4
Letter count (no spaces) 284
Letters (with spaces) 352
Lines 6
P1.2.3.1977 - Plinth 1 - Stack 2 – 3 of 4
Engraved: 1977 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1977 COURAGEOUS. N.Y.Y.C. VS. AUSTRALIA. SUN CITY YACHT CLUB
SEPT. 10 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 1M 48S SEPT. 12 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 1M 3S SEPT. 16 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 2M 32S SEPT. 17 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS BY 2M 25S
Point Size 8
Version 1.3
Races 4
Letter count (no spaces) 276
Letters (with spaces) 343
Page 139 of 335
Lines 6
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P1.2.4.1980 - Plinth 1 - Stack 2 – 4 of 4
Engraved: 1980 by Tiffany & Co., New York, NY 1980 FREEDOM, N.Y.Y.C. VS AUSTRALIA. ROYAL PERTH YACHT CLUB
SEPT. 10 – 24.7 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS SEPT. 19 – 24.7 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - AUSTRALIA SEPT. 21 – 24.7 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS SEPT. 23 – 24.7 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS SEPT. 25 – 24.7 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE - WON BY - COURAGEOUS
Point Size 8
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 329
BY 1M 52S BY 28S BY 53S BY 3M 28S BY 3M 38S
Letters (with spaces) 409
Lines 7
P1.3.1.1983 - Plinth 1 - Stack 3 – 1 of 4 Engraved: 1983 by [unknown]
1983
LIBERTY NYYC VS. AUSTRALIA II ROYAL PERTH YACHT CLUB
SEPT 14 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY LIBERTY BY 1M 10S SEPT 15 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY LIBERTY 1M 33S SEPT 18 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AUSTRALIA II 3M 14S SEPT 20 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY LIBERTY 1M 47S SEPT 21 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AUSTRALIA II 1M 47S SEPT 22 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AUSTRALIA II 3M 54S SEPT 26 – 24.3 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AUSTRALIA II 49S
Point Size 8
Races 7
Letter count (no spaces) 424
Letters (with spaces) 527
Lines 9
P1.3.2.1987 - Plinth 1 - Stack 3 – 2 of 4
Engraved: February 1987 by Arthur “Art” Jameson, [Art Jameson Jewelry Engraving, Fifth Avenue & Broadway, San Diego] 1987 KOOKABURRA III R.P.Y.C. VS STARS AND STRIPES SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB JAN 31 – 24.1 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES BY 1M 41S FEB 1 – 24.1 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES BY 1M 10S FEB 2 – 24.1 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES BY 1M 46S FEB 4 – 24.1 MILES AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES BY 1M 59S
Point Size 8
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 296
Letters (with spaces) 373
Lines 6
P1.3.3.1988 - Plinth 1 - Stack 3 – 3 of 4
Engraved: 1988 by Arthur “Art” Jameson, [Art Jameson Jewelry Engraving, Fifth Avenue & Broadway, San Diego]
1988 STARS & STRIPES, SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB VS. NEW ZEALAND MERCURY BAY BOATING CLUB SEPT 7 – 40 MILES AMERICA’S CUP DEED OF GIFT COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES 18M 15S SEPT 9 – 39 MILES AMERICA’S CUP DEED OF GIFT COURSE WON BY STARS AND STRIPES 21M 10S
Point Size 8
The Cups
Races 2
Letter count (no spaces) 203
Letters (with spaces) 253
Page 140 of 335
Lines 4
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P1.3.4.1992 - Plinth 1 - Stack 3 – 4 of 4 Engraved: 1992 by (unknown)
AMERICA’S CUP XXVIII – MAY 1992 AMERICA 3, SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB VS ITALY, IL MORO DE VENZIA, COMPAGNIA DELLA VELA MAY 9 – 20 MILES 8 LEG AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AMERICA3 BY 30 SEC. MAY 10 – 20 MILES 8 LEG AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY IL MORO BY 03 SEC. MAY 12 – 20 MILES 8 LEG AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AMERICA3 BY 1 MIN. 58 SEC. MAY 14 – 20 MILES 8 LEG AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AMERICA3 BY 04 SEC. MAY 15 – 20 MILES 8 LEG AMERICA’S CUP COURSE WON BY AMERICA3 BY 44 SEC.
Point Size 8
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 375
Letters (with spaces) 480
Lines 7
P1.4.1.1995 - Plinth 1 - Stack 4 – 1 of 1
Engraved: May 15, 1995 by Arthur “Art” Jameson, [Art Jameson Jewelry Engraving, Fifth Avenue & Broadway, San Diego]
AMERICA’S CUP XXIX – MAY 1995 TEAM STARS & STRIPES SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB VS. TEAM NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON AMERICA’S CUP COUR SE 18. 55 MILES – 6 LEG S MAY 6 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 2 MIN. 45 SEC. MAY 8 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 4 MIN. 14 SEC. MAY 9 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 1 MIN. 51 SEC. MAY 11 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 3 MIN. 37 SEC. MAY 13 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 1 MIN. 50 SEC.
Note: Approximately two (2) line spaces remain at the top of this stack and six (6) line spaces at the bottom. The regatta – vertically centered – filled this entire stack. The lettering kerning and space used by RNZYS was significantly larger than past practice. There was never a “TEAM STARS & STRIPES” - it should have read “TEAM DENNIS CONNER.” In this engraving, the yacht “YOUNG AMERICA” is not listed, making it the only yacht that raced in an America’s Cup Match without having her name engraved on the Cup! In this case, “TEAM NEW ZEALAND” was listed because it was the actual name of the yacht – not the winning team. Point Size 10
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 324
Letters (with spaces) 409
Lines 17
P1.F – Plinth 1 – Foot band
Currently there is NO engraving on Foot band of Plinth 1 This is the last entry on Plinth 1 -
Version 1.3
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America’s Cup Compendium
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PLINTH 2 ENGRAVING
Crafted for R & S Garrard by Naylor and Sons, Broadwick Street, London, as a commission of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (Auckland, NZ, Trustee) in 2001. As this piece was of English manufacture, it bore traditional hallmarks (see P.2.Foot - below) The Plinth was 0.965 Sterling silver; stood 7 inches (17.78 cm) high and was 12 3/4 inches (32.39 cm) in diameter at its foot and 8 inches in (20.32 cm) diameter at the 1/4 inch-(0.635cm) high stem which fit into Plinth 1. There were no mechanical fasteners between the Plinths. Plinth 2 could be and was often rotated 360 degrees to display the most current winner and was not specifically “indexed” to the Cup itself, or to Plinth 1. There was a single 5/8-inch diameter hole in the center. In 2019 the original c.2001 Plinth 2 was melted down into a 3-piece silver tube, 3 inches in diameter and 6 ½ inches long, by Worrall Jewellers in Auckland, New Zealand. (see “Second, Second Plinth” later this chapter.) In November 2018, Garrard & Co. delivered a Replacement Plinth 2 to the Trustees, complete with an engraving set that contained the same information as had been included on the Original Plinth 2, but in a unified type size and style that was similar to the 1958 Plinth 1. 8th reserved 9th reserved 10th reserved 11th reserved 12th reserved 13th reserved
7th reserved 6th reserved 5th reserved 4th reserved
"THIS TUBE WAS CRAFTED FROM THE MELTING DOWN OF THE ORIGINAL BASE TIER IN 2019. ATTACHED TO THIS ARE THE ORIGINAL ENGLISH HALLMARKS"
3rd reserved 14th reserved 15th reserved
2nd reserved 2021 2024 1st reserved (11) 32.7272 degree sectors 2013
2000 2003 2007
Sterling Silver plate cut from 2001 original Plinth 2 with (5) Hallmarks
2017
2010
Front View
Interior Tube (2019) top band. 2013 2021 2nd res 2017 3rd res 2024 1st reserved
14th reserved
2000 2007 15th reserved 2003 2010 Hallmarks (4)
4th
6th
8th
10th
12th res
5th
7th
9th
11th
13th res
lower band. carbon fiber base.
This is the replacement plinth with engravings shown as of 5 April 2023. "Res" indicates space that is reserved and designated for future race result engraving (15 available spaces).
Rear View
Front View
America's Cup New (2019) Plinth 2 Engraving Locations
(For details of each inscription, please refer to FONTS & INSCRIPTIONS in Compendium) 12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XII
Due to serious concerns about the amount of space remaining on the trophy, RNZYS had Worrall buffed out all engravings from the Garrard 2018 Plinth, and, by eliminating some of the text from each regatta description, gained a modicum of additional room. Later, in 2021, RNZYS had Worrall again further shorten the information on the regattas. Finally, in March of 2023, RNZYS ordered Worrall to remove all mention of “commercial” entities on the Cup, in keeping with historical practice on the original Cup. The various iterations of the engraving on Plinth 2 are all shown below. The final (present) version is indicated by a
The Cups
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Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
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General Note: During re-engravings occasional minor changes were made (i.e. “:” instead of “-“). These changes have been faithfully reported here. P2.T – Plinth 2 – Top band
There was NO engraving on the top band of Plinth 2.
P2.1.1.2000 - Plinth 2 - Stack 1 – 1 of 1
Engraved: 2001 by Naylor Brothers for Garrard onto Original Plinth 2 Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. Re-engraved: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto Replacement Plinth 2 (faithful reproduction of original). AMERICA’S CUP XXX – FEBRUARY 2000 TEAM NEW ZEALAND THE ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS PRADA CHALLENGE YACHT CLUB PUNTA ALA
This Engraving
AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 18.5 MILES 6 LEGS
was permanently REMOVED from the Cup 2019
FEBRUARY 20 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 1 MINUTE 17 SEC FEBRUARY 22 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 2 MINUTES 43 SEC FEBRUARY 26 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 1 MINUTE 39 SEC MARCH 1 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 1 MINUTE 49 SEC MARCH 2 WINNER TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 48 SEC
Note: Engraving on this single 5-race regatta took up one entire stack on Plinth 2. AC-XXX lists “The” Royal NZYS. Point Size 12
Races 5
Letter count (no spaces) 344
Letters (with spaces) 436
Lines 17
P2.1.1.2000 Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 1 – 1 of 2
Removed 2018 version and re-engraved: 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This engraving was
permanently REMOVED from the Cup 2019
AMERICA’S CUP XXX – FEBRUARY 2000 TEAM NEW ZEALAND THE ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS PRADA CHALLENGE YACHT CLUB PUNTA ALA AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 18.5 MILES 6 LEGS WON BY TEAM NEW ZEALAND 5:0
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) 8 1 Regatta 160 194 Note: This 2018 alteration removed the individual race results.
Version 1.3
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P2.1.1.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 1 – 1 of 2 (top) Re-engraved: March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
AMERICA’S CUP XXX AUCKAND FEBRUARY 2000 NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS LUNA ROSSA YACHT CLUB PUNTA ALA NEW ZEALAND WON 5-0
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 1 Regatta 116 140 8 Note: This March 2023 alteration removed the words ”TEAM,” PRADA CHALLENGE, AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 18.5 MILES 6 LEGS,” and “WON BY TEAM NEW ZEALAND 5:0”; but ADDED the word “AUCKLAND” and “NEW ZEALAND WON 5-0.” Note that “ROSSA” is correctly spelled on this panel.
P2.2.1.2003 - Plinth 2 - Stack 2 – 1 of 1
1. Hand-Engraved June 2003 by Bernard Ditzoff [Grand-Rue 57, 1296 Coppet, Commugny, Geneva, Switzerland] on original Plinth 2 2. Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. 3. Re-engraved 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto Replacement Plinth 2 (faithful reproduction of original) AMERICA’S CUP XXXI – FEBRUARY 2003
This Engraving
was Permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019
TEAM NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS ALINGHI SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 18.5 MILES 6 LEGS
15 FEBRUARY WON BY ALINGHI – TEAM NEW ZEALAND WITHDREW 16 FEBRUARY WON BY ALINGHI BY 7 SEC 18 FEBRUARY WON BY ALINGHI BY 23 SEC 28 FEBRUARY WON BY ALINGHI – TEAM NEW ZEALAND WITHDREW 2 MARCH WON BY ALINGHI BY 45 SEC
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) 12 5 307 376 Note: Engraving on this single 5-race regatta took up one entire stack on Plinth 2. Accent marks on SNG not engraved. ACXXXI now lists only “Royal NZYS” (no “The”)
The Cups
Page 144 of 335
Lines 17
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.2.1.2019 – Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 2 (NOW 2 of 2)
Previous results from P2.1.2.2018 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved in 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was
permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019
AMERICA’S CUP XXXI – FEBRUARY 2003 TEAM NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS ALINGHI SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 18.5 MILES 6 LEGS ALINGHI WON 5:0
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 5 150 181 8 Note: This 2019 alteration removed the individual results from the 5 races but added “WON BY ALINGHI 5-0.” Accent marks on SNG not engraved. The change removed any reference to two NZ “withdrawals.”
P2.1.2.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 2 (2 of 2) bottom
Previous results from P2.1.2.2019 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format.
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
AMERICA’S CUP XXXI AUCKLAND FEBRUARY 2003 NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON VS ALINGHI SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE ALINGHI WON 5-0
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 1 Regatta 119 140 8 Note: This March 2023 alteration removed the word ”TEAM,” all course information, and the words “WON BY ALINGHI 5:0,” but replaced with “ALINGHI WON 5-0 ,” Added “AUCKLAND.” Again, accent marks on SNG not engraved.
Version 1.3
Page 145 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.3.1.2007 - Plinth 2 - Stack 3 – 1 of 1
1. Hand-Engraved: June 2007 by Bernard Ditzoff [Grand-Rue 57, 1296 Coppet, Commugny, Geneva, Switzerland] onto Original Plinth 2. Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. 3. Re-engraved: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto replacement Plinth 2. (faithful reproduction of original) AMERICA’S CUP XXXII – JUNE 2007 ALINGHI
This Engraving was permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019
SOCIÉTÉ NAUTIQUE DE GENÉVE VS TEAM NEW ZEALAND royal new Zealand yacht squadron AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 12,6 MILES 4 LEGS 23 JUNE WON BY ALINGHI BY 35 SEC. 24 JUNE WON BY TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 28 SEC. 26 JUNE WON BY TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY 25 SEC. 27 JUNE WON BY ALINGHI BY 30 SEC. 29 JUNE WON BY ALINGHI BY 19 SEC. 30 JUNE WON BY ALINGHI BY 28 SEC. 3 JULY WON BY ALINGHI BY 1 SEC.
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 10 7 321 407 21 Note: Engraving on this seven- (7) race regatta took up 75% of the stack. Approximately four (4) line spaces were available below the 2007 Regatta engraving.
P2.2.1.2007 - Replacement Plinth 2
Previous results from P2.3.1.2018 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved in 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was Permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019
AMERICA’S CUP XXXII – JUNE 2007 ALINGHI SOCIÉTÉ NAUTIQUE DE GENÉVE VS TEAM NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON AMERICA’S CUP COURSE 12,6 MILES 4 LEGS WON BY ALINGHI 5:2
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 7 147 178 8* Note: This 2019 alteration removed the individual results from the 7 races but added “WON BY ALINGHI 5-0.” Accent marks on SNG were properly engraved. The word “TEAM” was present. *Plus one blank line.
The Cups
Page 146 of 335
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.2.1.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 2 (2 of 2)
Previous results from P2.1.2.2007 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format.
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
AMERICA’S CUP XXXII VALENCIA JUNE 2007 ALINGHI SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE VS NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON ALINGHI WON 5-2
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 1 Regatta 116 137 8 Note: This March 2023 alteration removed a blank line, the word ”TEAM,” and “all course information” and “WON BY ALINGHI 5-2.” Added “ALINGHI WON 5-2” and “VALENCIA.” Again however, accent marks on SNG not engraved.
P2.4.1.2010 - Plinth 2 - Stack 4 – 1 of 1
1. Hand-Engraved: 2010 by Ken Smith Engraving, San Francisco CA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uUisPfHTC8 on Original Plinth 2. 2. Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. 3. Re-engraved: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto replacement Plinth 2 (as a faithful reproduction). **Later returned to Garrard to correct “Alinghi” to read “Alinghi 5.” (as shown here – after corrections) AMERICA’S CUP XXXIII – February 2010
This Engraving was REMOVED from the Cup 2019
ALINGHI 5 SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE VS USA 17 GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB FEBRUARY 12 DEED OF GIFT COURSE, 40 MILES WON BY USA 17 BY 15 MIN.25 SEC. FEBRUARY 14 DEED OF GIFT COURSE, 39 MILES WON BY USA 17 BY 5 MIN. 29 SEC.
Point Size 10
Races 2
Letter count (no spaces) 199
Letters (with spaces) 247
Lines 11
P2.4.1.2010 - Replacement Plinth 2
Removed 2018 version and re-engraved: 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was
Permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019 Point Size 8
Races 2
AMERICA’S CUP XXXIII – February 2010 ALINGHI 5 SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE VS GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB WON BY USA 17 2:0.
Letter count (no spaces) 96
Letters (with spaces) 119
Lines 6
Note: Course information and all race information removed. “WON BY USA 17 2:0” added. Version 1.3
Page 147 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.2.2.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 2 (2 of 2)
Previous results from P2.1.3.2007 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format. AMERICA’S CUP XXXIII VALENCIA FEBRUARY 2010 ALINGHI 5 SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE VS USA 17 GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB USA 17 WON 2-0
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 2 106 128 8 Note: The top line info from the earlier version was split into 2 lines, “WON BY USA 17 2:0.” Was removed and “USA 17 WON 2-0” was substituted. “VALENCIA” and “USA 17” were added. Accent marks on SNG were not engraved.
This Engraving was Permanently
P2.5.1.2013 - Plinth 2 - Stack 5 – 1 of 1
REMOVED from the Cup in 2019 Engraved: 2013 by Ken Smith Engraving, San Francisco CA Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. Re-engraved: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto replacement Plinth 2 (as a faithful reproduction ) AMERICA’S CUP XXXIV – SEPTEMBER 2013 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
USA 17 – GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB vs NEW ZEALAND AOTEROA – ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON ALL RACES FIVE LEGS 10 MILE AC34 COURSE SEPT 7 RACE 1 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 38 SEC. | SEPT 7 RACE 2 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 46 SEC. | SEPT 8 RACE 3 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 28 SEC. | SEPT 8 RACE 4 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 08 SEC. | SEPT 10 RACE 5 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 1 MIN.25 SEC | SEPT 12 RACE 6 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 47 SEC. | SEPT 12 RACE 7 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 6 SEC. | SEPT 14 RACE 8 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 52 SEC. | SEPT 14 RACE 9 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 47 SEC. | SEPT 15 RACE 10 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 17 SEC.
|
SEPT 18 RACE 11 WON BY NZL AOTEAROA BY 15 SEC. SEPT 19 RACE 12 WON BY USA 17 BY 31 SEC. SEPT 20 RACE 13 WON BY USA 17 BY 1 MIN. 23 SEC. SEPT 20 RACE 14 WON BY USA 17 BY 24 SEC. SEPT 22 RACE 15 WON BY USA 17 BY 37 SEC. SEPT 22 RACE 16 WON BY USA 17 BY 33 SEC. SEPT 24 RACE 17 WON BY USA 17 BY 27 SEC. SEPT 24 RACE 18 WON BY USA 17 BY 55 SEC. SEPT 25 RACE 19 WON BY USA 17 BY 44 SEC.
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) 12,10,8 19 800 1,064 Note: ERROR in 5th line of engraving, the word AOTEAROA is misspelled as AOTEROA
Lines 16
2013 RE-ENGRAVING onto Replacement Plinth 2 Removed 2018 version and re-engraved: 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was
Permanently REMOVED from the Cup in 2019
AMERICA’S CUP XXXIV – SEPTEMBER 2013 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA USA 17 – GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB vs NEW ZEALAND AOTEROA – ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON ALL RACES FIVE LEGS 10 MILE AC34 COURSE WON BY USA 17 9-8
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 1 Regatta 173 212 7 Note: The original had been engraved in various type sizes and in two columns. The 2019 alteration removed all race results but did not correct the spelling ERROR of AOTEAROA.
The Cups
Page 148 of 335
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.3.1.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 3 (1 of 2)
Previous results from P2.3.1.2019 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format. AMERICA’S CUP XXXIV SAN FRANCISCO SEPTEMBER 2013 USA 17 GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB VS AOTEAROA ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON USA 17 WON 9-8
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 17 115 138 8 Note: Two lines of info from the earlier version were split into 2 additional lines, commas and course information were removed as were “CALIFORNIA”, “NEW ZEALAND” and “WON BY USA 17 9:8” and substituted “USA 17 WON 9-8.”
P2.6.1.2017 - Plinth 2 - Stack 6 – 1 of 1
Machine-Engraved: 2017 by (unknown) Original Plinth 2 melted down and re-cast as internal “tube” in 2018. Re-engraved: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard onto replacement Plinth 2 (faithful reproduction of original)
This Engraving was
REMOVED from the Cup 2019
Point Size
Races 9
AMERICA’S CUP XXXV – JUNE 2017 BERMUDA ORACLE TEAM USA GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB VS EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND – AOTEAROA ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON 17 JUNE RACE 1, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 30 SEC. 17 JUNE RACE 2, WON BY ETNZ AOTEROA BY 1 MIN. 27 SEC. 18 JUNE RACE 3, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 48 SEC. 18 JUNE RACE 4, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 1 MIN. 11 SEC. 24 JUNE RACE 5, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 2 MIN., 4 SEC. 24 JUNE 6, WON BY ORACLE TEAM USA BY 11 SEC. 25 JUNE RACE 7, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 11 SEC. 25 JUNE RACE 8, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 29 SEC. 26 JUNE RACE 9, WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA BY 54 SEC.
Letter count (no spaces) 469
Letters (with spaces) 602
Lines 16
2018 RE-ENGRAVING onto Replacement Plinth 2
Removed 2018 version and re-Engraved: 2019 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was
REMOVED from the Cup in March 2023
AMERICA’S CUP XXXV – JUNE 2017 BERMUDA ORACLE TEAM USA GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB VS EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND – AOTEAROA ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA 8-1
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 1 regatta 145 (-324*) 175 (-427*) 8 (-8*) Note: *number of letters conserved. Removed all race results. Added “WON BY ETNZ AOTEAROA 8:1” “How History is Recorded: Bermuda 2017” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVCHPWIsGjY [0:49] Version 1.3
Page 149 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.1.2.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 3 (2 of 2) bottom
Previous results from P2.1.2.2019 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format.
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
AMERICA’S CUP XXXV BERMUDA JUNE 2017 USA 17 GOLDEN GATE YACHT CLUB VS AOTEAROA ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON AOTEAROA WON 7-1
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 17 107 128 8 Note: Commercial names “ORACLE TEAM USA” and EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND -”, and “ETNZ” were removed. Date was moved from the first line to the second line. “USA 17” was added as the GGYC yacht. ERROR: Engraving shows “7-1” however this should read “8-1.”
P.2.4.1.2021 Hand-Engraved: 2021 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ
This Engraving was
REMOVED from the Cup in March 2023
Point Size 8
Races 1 regatta
AMERICA’S CUP XXXVI AUCKLAND MARCH 2021 LUNA ROSSA PRADA PIRELLI CIRCOLO DELLA VELA SICILIA VS EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND – TE REHUTAI ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON TE REHUTAI WON 7-3
Letter count (no spaces) 155
Letters (with spaces) 185
P2.4.1.2023 Re-engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 4 (1 of 2) top
Lines 8
Note: Previous results from P2.1.2.2021 (shown above) were emery-clothed off the Cup and re-engraved March 2023 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ in the new format. “LUNA ROSSA” was spelled correctly.
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup (as of 4/5/2023)
AMERICA’S CUP XXXVI AUCKLAND MARCH 2021 LUNA ROSA CIRCOLO DELLA VELA SICILIA VS TE REHUTAI ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON TE REHUTAI WON 7-3
Point Size Races Letter count (no spaces) Letters (with spaces) Lines 8 10 119 142 8 Note: Commercial names “PRADA PIRELLI” and “EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND -”, were removed. ERROR: During re-engraving the CDVS yacht was mis-spelled as “LUNA ROSA”(Pink Moon) instead of “LUNA ROSSA” (Red Moon).
Note: The space below the 2021 race record is reserved for 2024 (AC-37) results. There is sufficient space on Plinth 2 to engrave the results of 15 additional America’s Cup competitions in the future. (7 columns of 2 + 1 below P2-1.2.2023)
The Cups
Page 150 of 335
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
P2.4.2.2024 Engraving on Replacement Plinth 2 – Stack 4 (2 of 2) top
Note: Engraved October 2024 by Dave Worrall, Worrall Jewellers, Auckland NZ.
This is the Current Engraving on the Cup
Point Size 8
Races 8
AMERICA’S CUP XXXVII BARCELONA OCTOBER 2024 BRITANNIA ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON VS TAIHORO ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON TAIHORO WON 7-1
Letter count (no spaces) 97
Letters (with spaces) 107
Lines 8
P2.Foot.2018 Machine-Engraved/Stamped: 2018 by Geoffrey Stocker for Garrard & Co. , London UK
“GARRARD”
engraving was REMOVED from the Cup in 2018 (The hallmarks remain!)
GARRARD (G&Co.) (lion) (925) (leopard) (t) Note: Hallmarks appear on the face on the Plinth 2 foot, slightly to the right and below AC XXXIII engraving: GARRARD (later removed at order of RNZYS as “unauthorized.”) (G&Co.) Garrard and Company (lion) [traditional fineness] (925) indicating Sterling silver 0.925 [Millesimal fineness] (leopard) Assay Office – London (after 1820) (t) date stamp (2018)
Figure 120 GARRARD engraving before being sent back for removal.
This Plinth was a 2018 Garrard replacement for the earlier Garrard P2 (2003). It was returned to Garrard to have them remove “GARRARD” from the foot and correct “Alinghi” to properly read “Alinghi 5.”
The Scaffolding When asked, even those who only have a passing acquaintance with the Cup can tell you that it really is not an ewer capable of holding anything. But what IS held hidden inside America’s Cup is interesting. At the time Garrard and Co. created the original Cup in 1848, it was, of course, hand-crafted. The silversmiths at the time were paid on “piece work” – for the most part having control of the manner in which it was made, while still conforming to the basic design done by Garrard. But according to Rod Hingston, the later-day Garrard silversmith who was tasked with the repair and reconstruction of the Cup following the sledgehammer attack in Auckland in 1997, “the bloke...made it the wrong way. He tried to do too much out of one piece of [Sterling silver] sheet. He should have made it in several pieces and joined it all together. It became really thin so when the cup stood up it wobbled. When it got hit, [in the 1997 attack] because it was thin, it crushed. It had no substance to it at all.” As we related earlier in Compendium, the Cup also suffered serious, prior damage in the early 1900’s when apparently knocked off its table and onto the floor by a cleaning crew. After those repairs, the Cup exhibited a slight “lean” to one side, as can be seen in photographs of the time. “The Bolt” was installed initially to preclude the chance of the Cup falling over again (later becoming important for security of the Cup.). While at the NYYC, The Bolt served to stabilize the Cup and Version 1.3
Page 151 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
the fact that the Club’s policy was that the Cup rarely left its spot in the Palm Cafe, limited the chance that any harm would come to the trophy. The fact remained, however, that the ewer was, and is, exceedingly thin, somewhat wobbly, and generally top-heavy. In 1958, a first Plinth was added to the bottom of the trophy, making it 8 inches taller and less stable. Although somewhat wider at the bottom than the width of the original ewer’s foot, the fact that the Cup and this first plinth were not actually attached to one another did little to further stabilize it. During the 1997 reconstruction of the Cup two major elements were installed to make it more rigid. First, a 2 ½ inch (6.35 cm) diameter wood post (that flared out to 3 inches diameter at its lower end) was set in place. This post had a 9/16 diameter hole bored down its center to allow “the Bolt” to pass through. It was sized to fit between the underside of the cruet at the top of the cup and the top surface of the first Plinth, with 3-inch diameter, very thin split washers or shims provided to allow fine, final height adjustments. The second component, located within the first Plinth itself, consisted of an upper wood particle board disc, 6 ½ inches (16.5 cm) in diameter and ½ inch thick, supported on four (4) 1.87-inch (4.75 cm) diameter wood posts, 6 3/16 inches (15.74 cm) high. These were screwed in through a larger, 7 ¾ inch (19.68 cm) diameter lower wood particle board disc. The entire assembly had a 9/16-inch (15 mm) hole through the center for the Bolt. At the time, the trophy had a wood base (see The Bases, below), and the support “platform” rested on it at the bottom while supporting the top surface of the Plinth. Together, when the Bolt was tightened, the Cup was held down snugly to the wood base while being provided with both vertical support and side-to-side stability via the platform and post. (see drawing below). On the top of the lower disc, the craftsman who led the repair effort installed a silver plate, 3 x 1.6 inches (7.62 x 4 cm). (This was replaced by Garrard managers with a more professionallyengraved plate with the same information):
Figure 121 Second Plinth and Internal support
Fully restored by Rod Hingston Garrard’s workshop May 1997 Figure 49 Inside Plate re: Restoration 1997
The plate was affixed to the wood with four small nails. Later, also affixed to the lower disc was the Sterling silver “ingot” that was created from the scraps of silver that could not be properly reconditioned that were removed from the Cup during repairs.
The Cups
Page 152 of 335
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Original Ewer slotted screw head in top of stainless steel threaded rod 1 12" dia x 14 thick threaded stainless steel threaded plate with 1 12" x 14" tapered rubber washer below
D
1 2" stainless steel threaded rod
2 12" dia wood pilaster with 3" flared end and 9/16" bored hole thru
C
3" dia thin metal split shims
9 6 3/4" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS countersunk
9 9 12" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS
1958 Plinth 1
B
9 2.28" dia wood dowel with 16 " bored hole thru
9 11.9" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru
Oversize stainless steel washer Lock Washer Stainless steel hex nut
added weight of wood components ~13.76 lbs
1997 America's Cup Internal Support Structure 12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XIII
Version 1.3
Page 153 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Original Ewer slotted screw head in top of stainless steel threaded rod 1 12" dia x 14 thick threaded stainless steel threaded plate with 1 12" x 14" tapered rubber washer below
D
1 2" stainless steel threaded rod
2 12" dia wood pilaster with 3" flared end and 9/16" bored hole thru
C
3" dia thin metal split shims 1958 Plinth 1 9 2.28" dia wood dowel with 16 " bored hole thru
B
3" dia thin metal split shim
9 " bored hole thru 6 3/4" x 12" wood disc with 16 screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS countersunk
(4)
1.83 inch (4.65 mm) x 4.68 inch tall wood posts
11.9" x 38" x 1 12" wide clear plexiglas spacer ring screwed to carbon fiber base
A
9 9 12" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru
Carbon Fiber Trophy Base (c.2010)
screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS
9 11.9" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru
Oversize stainless steel washer Lock Washer Stainless steel hex nut
2010 America's Cup Internal Support Structure 12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XIV
The Cups
Page 154 of 335
Version 1.3
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Washers
f Slotted Screw Head
Section D
Section C Sterling silver "ingot" from salvaged scrap silver during repair. Attached w/2 FHWS
f
[letter "F" (Front) appears on top of top disc]
Section B
Sterling silver plaque: "Fully restored by Rod Hingston at Garrard's workshop May 1997" Wood columns Upper wood disc Lower wood disc Sub-base wood disc Original Sterling Ewer
Section A
3-Segment Sterling silver 3" dia. tube x 6 12" long fabricated from original Plinth 2 and three scraps of Sterling from 1997 Repair (c.2019)
Original Ewer slotted screw head in top of stainless steel threaded rod 1 12" dia x 14 thick threaded stainless steel threaded plate with 1 12" x 14" tapered rubber washer below
D
1 2" stainless steel threaded rod
2 12" dia wood pilaster with 3" flared end and 9/16" bored hole thru
C
3" dia thin metal split shims 1958 Plinth 1 3-Segment Sterling silver 3" dia. tube x 6 12" long fabricated from original Plinth 2 and three scraps of Sterling from 1997 Repair (c.2019)
B 9 6 3/4" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS countersunk
(4)
1.83 inch (4.65 mm) x 4.68 inch tall wood posts 2001 Plinth 2
9 2.28" dia wood dowel with 16 " bored hole thru
3" dia thin metal split shim
A
3" dia x 12" wood disc with 9 16" bored hole thru 11.9" x 38" x 1 12" wide clear plexiglas spacer ring screwed to carbon fiber base
9 9 12" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru screwed to 4 wood columns with FHWS
Carbon Fiber Trophy Base (c.2010)
9 11.9" x 12" wood disc with 16 " bored hole thru
Oversize stainless steel washer Lock Washer Stainless steel hex nut
2019 America's Cup Internal Support Structure 12
6
3
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XV Version 1.3
Page 155 of 335
The Cups
America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Bolt Of great mystery to students of The Cup – and virtually unknown and never seen by the other 99.995 percent of the population, is what is referred to as “The Bolt.” In 1848, when Robert Garrard crafted the ewer, the topmost cast Sterling silver spout section (or cruet) was assuredly capable of holding liquid, according to a November 18, 1994 letter from Garrard’s business manager, Nicholas Winton. It was a nice, decorative piece, but of no overwhelming value. In 1851, the Royal Yacht Squadron put a value of £100 on it and gave it away as a prize to the Americans. From 1851 to 1857, it bounced around from dining room to dining room of America’s five owners as a conversation piece. At one point, due to its size and bulk, serious thought was given to just melting it down and making five commemorative medals from the silver. In 1857, the Cup was deeded to the New York Yacht Club (NYYC, by America’s owners. At the time, the NYYC was a small organization based in Hoboken NJ and housed in a small clubhouse. But, recognizing that this silver cup did have value, and not wishing to leave it in Hoboken, they had Tiffany & Co store it for them in their vaults. Figure 123 "The Bolt" 1983
From 1857 to 1901, the NYYC grew into a powerhouse yacht club. They held regattas in defense of America’s Cup 11 times - winning each one – and having Tiffany & Co. engrave that added winning data to the Cup. So now we have a cup that didn’t leak, had a winning history, and a quickly-growing value, safely stowed in a jeweler’s safe. But still - no Bolt.
In 1901, NYYC opened its new, magnificent clubhouse at 37 West 44th Street in Manhattan. To the left of the lobby entrance, the immense and gorgeous Model Room provided a perfect location to display the prize – centered in the middle of the room, opposite the giant fireplace. (see drawing of Model Room display table). Unfortunately, the (somewhat top-heavy) Cup was knocked over by a cleaning crew and damaged – bending its neck. Back to Tiffany & Co. for mostly-successful repairs, although the Cup now had a distinct “lean.” But removed from its secure jewelry megastore vault, the Club’s issue became, how do WE now protect the Cup from harm – both from additional accident or theft? Answer: We’ll bolt it down. Enter “THE BOLT.” As the Cup is made up of several assembled sections, to properly secure it meant fastening it from top to bottom, through the center, and into the rostrum. The Cup is hollow – except for the very bottom of the topmost, cast silver cruet section. So, “someone” drilled a hole to fasten the bolt through. (Tiffany absolutely denies taking part in this activity.) And we now have a cup that leaks, but it is securely attached to West 44th Street. Where it stayed. Bolted down. From 1901 to 1983.
Figure 124 Frank Benier, The Daily Mirror, Sydney Australia
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Growth of “The Bolt” Securing America’s Cup
U V
2'-614"
America's
Cup
K
1958
1958
O
Palm Court Display Q Table Top (1958-83) RL 1958
Original N.Y.Y.C. Display Table Top (1901-1958)
P
L M N
2001
J
S T
2'
3" 1'-44
A B C D E F G H I
M N
214"
Cup + 1958 Plinth + 2001 Plinth + 2010 1983 R.P.Y.C. Base Carbon Fiber Base
KEY to HARDWARE A Bolt - 12" x 3" (1/2-13) B Oversize Washer - 1 12" 3 " C Oversize Washer (likely leather) 1 12" x 16 D Plastic Pipe 34" ID x 2 12" E Red Brass Reducer Fitting F Red Brass Nipple - 34" x 1" G Red Brass Coupling Fitting 34" x 34" H Red Brass Reducing Bushing 43" x 85" I Red Brass Reducing Bushing 58" x 12" J Steel Rod - 12" x 8" 9 " hole K Wood Locator Block, friction fit, with 16 L Oversize Washer - 12" x 1 12" M Washer - 12" x 1 N Nut - 12 -13
O Steel Rod - threaded extension (1958) P Rod Coupling - 12" Q Steel Rod - threaded extension (2010) R Jumbo stainless steel washer S Tamperproof Nut 12 - 13 T Heavy Washer U Rubber Washer V Threaded Rod 12 - 13 x 3" [Note: It is likely that the wood locator block was eliminated upon addition of 2010 Plinth.]
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The Bolt, itself was exceedingly complex – assembled out of red brass threaded household plumbing fittings including a reducer fitting, a brass nipple, several brass reducing bushings, a coupling, and hardware-store supplies including a threaded rod, various washers and a 3” long square-head bolt. The “nut end” was ground down somewhat to make it easier to slip through the hole in the wooden tables (see PLATE X above). Sometime after 1951, the decision was made to move the Cup to the top of the interior front entrance staircase where there is a rotunda with a central rostrum, the Palm Cafe: great place to display America’s Cup. Obviously, a better place to keep watch over the goods, the lights were left on at all times and a guard could be posted to keep the silverware from disappearing overnight. Figure 125 Head of "The Bolt"
The Bolt had been extended by the NYYC in 1958 due to the change in Cup height from the added Plinth. To protect the Sterling Silver Cup from electrolisis (and possibly from being damaged by the rough threads on the rod) the rod was sheathed in a thin synthetic plastic tube, possibly “Bakelite”.
The day that Liberty lost to Australia II, NYYC members sadly un-nutted The Bolt from the rostrum and from the Cup and decided to have one last champagne toast. This is when the rest of the assembled folks learned what impact drilling a 5/8-inch hole in the Cup had on its ability as a serving vessel. Throughout the years, various Australians had been photographed brandishing “spanners (wrenches) with which to unbolt the Cup from its perch at the NYYC.” At the hand-over ceremonies, the Cup itself was, per the Deed of Gift, turned over to the Royal Perth Yacht Club Commodore, Mr. Dalziell. The Bolt, however, was ceremoniously, and with pomp and circumstance, ceded to Alan Bond, but ironically, it had been Mr. Sohei Hohri, Librarian of the NYYC who ultimately performed the actual, sad deed; but in a true “gotcha” turn, Australia’s spanners would never be able to even touch the large nut that had held the Cup in place for so long, because, as seen in the photographs of the presentation of The Bolt to Bond, the original bottom nut was never turned by or turned over to the Aussies. Days later, in Perth Australia, the celebrants there also learned that just because she looks like a big cup, doesn’t mean she will act like one.
Figure 126 "The Bolt": Missing the Nut!
So, although The Bolt left New York for Newport, and ended up in Australia, it was never again destined to secure the Cup in place: John Longley, Club Archivist at RPYC, later related “Alan asked me to have it mounted, which I did, but I have to admit that I kept one of the two washers on the bolt as I figured after 11 years of trying to win it, I was at least allowed to keep a washer.” 192 The Bolt, retired and now mounted, was last thought to be in the collection of Alan Bond’s estate. Upon receiving the Bolt at the Marble House ceremony, Bond said “Thank you very much for this magnificent bolt. This is the greatest thing you could do for Australia.” In 1983, after its arrival in Perth, the RPYC added a wood base to the Cup. This base served as a frame for a new clear Perspex (plexiglas) security case and to unify the entire assembly. It is believed that RPYC installed the replacement for The Bolt at this time – a one-piece threaded steel rod with a washer and a special cap nut at the top, and several washers and a hex nut in a recess in the bottom of the new wood base. In 2010, at the time of the installation of the Oracle Carbon Fiber base, Rick Biro (Biro & Sons Silversmiths) recommended that the entire Bolt be replaced with a new 5/8 inch diameter stainless steel rod with a 1 ½ inch stainless ball at the top and a new threaded section at the bottom. The idea was to more evenly distribute the pressure at the spout. In the interest of history, this modification was not undertaken and the original bolt continues to be modified as needed.
192
Interview with JJG, 12/20/2022.
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The Bases During the period 1848 through its change of hands in 1983, the Cup did not have a mounting base. When the Cup was put on display at the New York Yacht Club’s new 44th Street Clubhouse, it was first bolted to a table in the Model Room, and later in the 1950’s, was bolted directly to a “rostrum” located in the Club’s Palm Cafe Rotunda. Following the 1958 addition of the first plinth, the bolt was extended, but otherwise the rostrum remained the display site. There was (and remains) only a snug-fit friction connection between the upper body of the Cup and the plinth – each remaining easily separable.
Base I – Royal Perth Yacht Club – 1983-1987 After the transfer of the Cup to the RPYC in 1983, RPYC installed a 13 3/8-inch (34 mm) square mahogany wood base with a raised circular area to receive the silver base of the Cup and reused the NYYC bolt to fasten the Cup, the plinth and the base together. The wood base had eight (8) brass threaded inserts to allow the attachment of a new Perspex security shield.
Figure 127 1983 Base (RPYC)
Base 2 – Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron – 1987 - 2003 In 1987 the RNZYS installed a new, larger base of native New Zealand Jarrah wood, (Eucalyptus marginata) 2.25-inch-high x 16.375 inches x 16.375 inches (5.72 x 41.59 x 41.59 cm) in lieu of the previous wood base that had been attached by RPYC in 1983. Similar to the base it replaced, this platform also had eight (8) threaded brass inserts to accommodate the attachment of the Perspex security enclosure. At the time, the trophy still consisted of the Cup and the first plinth only (which bore a base diameter of 10.29 inches (26.14 cm)). The underside of the base was recessed approximately ½ inch and there was a further 2-inch diameter recess to allow for The Bolt and washers.
Figure 128 2003 Base (RNZYS)
In 2003, the second Sterling silver plinth was added to the trophy. This new piece had a base diameter of 12.25 inches (31.2 cm) which still fit the Jarrah wood base but left a bit less than ½ inch of clearance between the bottom edge of the trophy and the inside of the security glazing.
Bases 3 and 4 – Alinghi – 2007 - 2010 Likely the two least attractive of the series of bases to date were the ones that appeared in Valencia, Spain while the Cup was in the hands of Alinghi. In June of 2007 at the 32nd AC in Valencia, Spain, the plain wood base shown here (Fig 3) was used.
Figure 48 Base – June 2007 in Valencia Spain
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Later, in 2010, a box base with eased top edges, apparently wrapped in carbon fiber fabric was seen (Fig 4).
Figure 130 Base - February 2010 in Valencia
Base 5 – Oracle – 2010 to present Larry Ellison’s Oracle Racing chose to update the existing wood base with a 12 ¾ inch (32.4 cm) diameter, 1.75-inch (4.44 cm) high black carbon fiber pedestal resembling a winch drum, to represent today’s boats. The new pedestal, installed by Biro and Sons, was made by the same carbon fiber manufacturer as the Oracle hull (Core Builders – Mark “Tugboat” Turner) with the molds and tooling made from a carbon-epoxy mold created by Janicki Industries’, (719 Metcalf Street, Sedro-Woolley WA 98284) Jim Payad and Andrew Lathrop. The new flared circular base no longer had provisions for the attachment of a Perspex box; as the Cup was either in its permanent security environment or in its travel case. The new base is a thin, light, but extremely strong carbon fiber inverted “pie plate” design with vertically scalloped edges. Atop the CF base is a 1.5-inch-wide x ½ inch thick clear Perspex disc or “locator plate” (fitted to the interior diameter of the lower plinth of the Cup). This is secured through the top of the CF base with eight (8) flat-head counter-sunk stainlesssteel bolts. There are several lines of white lettering on the inside (underside of the top surface of the base. (un-readable – research continuing)
Figure 131 & 132 Oracle 2010 Carbon Fiber Base with clear Plexiglas “locator ring”
With its current carbon fiber base, America’s Cup stands 41.0 inches (104.14 cm) high and 12.75 inches (31.115 cm) wide and weighs approximately 30.9 lbs. (18.1 kg).
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The Trophy Trunks Pre-Trunks - Before the series of Trophy Trunks, historical recaps indicated that the Cup was carried in a simple “carpetbag193.” It
was reported that NYYC Secretary Nathaniel Bloodgood carried the Cup home from the Astor House banquet in a carpetbag.
First Trunk – see PLATE XVI
Our research has not confirmed the existence of an original travel container for America’s Cup while it was in the hands of the RYS or its first US owners, the Schuyler Syndicate. If there was such a container, it would likely have been sized to fit just the original Garrard trophy as there were no additional bases, etc. at the time. Published accounts from the era often suggest that the Cup was merely hand-carried from place to place. The trunk was used to house the Cup in a bank vault during WWI and WWII to protect the Cup.
Plate XVII
193
“A carpet bag is a top-opening travelling bag made of carpet, commonly from an oriental rug. Popular form of luggage in the 19th century, featuring simple handles and only an upper frame that served as its closure. Similar to a duffle bag.” Version 1.3
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Sir Thomas Lipton’s Trunk
In 1920, the ever-optimistic and confident Sir Thomas Lipton ordered a special case to pack the Cup in when he took it home. Lipton told reporters: “We are going to have the Cup measured up right away so that I can get a box built just the right size to take her home.” It was never needed as Sir Thomas’ Shamrock IV lost to Resolute 3:2.
Second Trunk – see PLATE XVII
On the occasion of the transfer of America’s Cup from the New York Yacht Club to the Royal Perth Yacht Club in 1983, the Trunk was described as a plain “black wooden box.” This case would have been sized to hold the original America’s Cup Trophy plus the 1958 Plinth, but without any wood base. At the time, records indicate that the Cup may have also been protected with a “brown ‘Pacific Silvercloth’” bag or pouch. The Second Trunk would have been made in 1958 and its use continued until the beginning of the Louis Vuitton sponsorship in 1983 and was used for transporting the Cup to Tiffany & Co. for periodic cleaning and engraving. NOTE: Little information is available on this trunk. Descriptions are of a painted, black wood case. Dimensions shown are the minimum needed to house America's Cup and the 1958 additional Plinth. No information found indicates the lining or construction. Research is continuing and will be updated when available.
1'-1"
Hinges (2) Hasp & Lock
Top View
Section B-B
2'-10"
America's Cup trophy w/1958 Plinth (no base)
Figure 133 Photo: National Library of Australia
Left Side
Front View
Section A-A
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Plate XVIII The Cups
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A Shipping Crate – see PLATE XVIII
In early January 1984, the Cup was shipped from Perth to the Art Gallery of New South Wales (Sydney AU) for a showing. At the time, the Cup still did not have a wood base or security case, nor was the original 1848 Cup attached to the 1958 Plinth. The crate was plywood and pine and was cushioned internally with various pieces of foam rubber – with one reading “America’s Cup Underneath” and another “Cup Base Under Here.” Trophy was received and uncrated at the museum by its curator. (The 1958-1983 Cup Wood Case was not included in the shipment.) https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-americas-cup-arrived-under-tight-security-at-the-nsw-news-photo/1080579238 https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/the-americas-cup-arrived-under-tight-security-at-the-nsw-news-photo/1079643536
Plate XIX Version 1.3
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The Louis Vuitton America's Cup trophy trunks Background
Louis Vuitton (LVMH Moet Hennessy – 22 avenue Montaigne, 75008 Paris France) was the “Principal Sponsor” of America’s Cup racing from 1983 to 2017. With the exception of series where there was only the Challenger of Record (COR), the winner of the Louis Vuitton Challenger Elimination Cup faced the defending team for the right to race for America’s Cup. Additionally, the preliminary racing events known as America’s Cup World Series brought IACC and America’s Cup Class yacht racing to the laps of sailing fans worldwide. Louis Vuitton managed many of the intricacies of the regattas such as setting up and maintaining and operating the Media Centers and overseeing the timing and data collection.
1983 Trunk – see PLATE XIX
Initially conceived by Bruno Troublé, the first of the Louis Vuitton trunks for America’s Cup were provided in 1983, while the Cup was with the Royal Perth Yacht Squadron in Australia. Inspired by a grained leather used by Louis Vuitton in the 1920’s, the Epi line was the first leather line of the House. The Louis Vuitton Epi Leather Collection was created to respond to the demand for more durable leather necessary in modern travel conditions. Its originality comes from the graphic twotone effect which makes it immediately recognizable. The process consists of printing an intensely dyed leather before applying a special coloration on the surface of the grain, which can withstand any weather condition. The natural stretch of Epi leather also offers good qualities of resistance. Curated in a multitude of colors, owners appreciate the durability and timelessness of the Epi leather Collection. The 1983 Epi Trunk was provided in Toledo Blue leather with a cushioned, tan-colored micro-fiber interior lining. This marked the first appearance of both a wooden base and of an armored glass or Perspex security enclosure. (When the Cup was received in Newport, in celebration Alan Bond lifted the Cup itself, but left the Plinth on the podium: without the presence of “The Bolt” (see section below) the Cup and the Plinth were not actually Figure 134 1983 LV Trunk in Epi Blue Leather attached.) The Trunk is approximately 16” x 16” x 41 ¼” (40.6 cm x 40.6 cm x 104.78 cm).
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Plate XX
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1987 Trunk – see PLATE XX 1987 Trunk Cup (with 1958 Plinth) is housed on its wood base and with the attached 5-sided Perspex case. The trunk is lined in tan micro-fiber and hardware is gold in color. There is a brass name plate inside the lid.
LV
LOUIS VUITTON SINCE 1925
The Trunk is approximately 16” x 16” x 41 ¼” (40.6 cm x 40.6 cm x 104.78 cm). (An un-verifiable report from 1991 quoted the value of the Louis Vuitton Travel Case at approximately $40,000 [$87,012 in 2022]). Louis Vuitton Monogrammed Canvas w/PVC coating NOTE: All Hardware Polished Brass Vachetta Leather edging and trim Case: Furniture grade ply
AC Base
2" x 2" Butt Hinges (8 places) 5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps (14 places)
A
Engraved Plate (inside) "LV - Louis Vuitton - 1925"
Section B-B
Top View
America's Cup trophy w/1958 + 2003 Plinths + 2003 Carbon Fiber Base Blue Micro-Fiber lining
1'-4"
3'-514"
B
1'-4" Left Side View
Front View
Section A-A
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Trunk c.1987 24
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2003 Accord Trunk – See PLATE XXI
Société Nautique de Geneve (SNG), enlisted Accord Exclusive Carbon Case (Borik 5, 52 100 Pula, Croatia) to create a handmade, formhugging travel case of molded carbon fiber. The clam-shell design featured natural-finish carbon fiber exterior with a padded black “ecologically and chemically-neutral insulation felt cloth interior that prevent(ed) moisture collection and had good insulation properties.” This was custom-sized to fit the original America’s Cup with its 1958 plinth and the SNG-designed square, carbon fiber base. The manufacturer claimed a unique suspension system to float the Cup on a cushion of foam pads. Strong and lightweight cases of this type were originally designed for the transport of large, valuable or delicate musical instruments.
Figures 135-136-137 2003 SNG “Accord” Cases
The trunk incorporated two (2) recessed handles, three (3) 1” x 2” hinges between the shell halves, and five (5) spring tension latches to secure the case. The case appeared to be set up to carry horizontally but could stand either upright or on its side. Hardware was finished in a matching anodized color. The case was approximately 3’-0 ½” (92.71 cm) high, 1’-2 ½” (36.83 cm) wide, and 11 ¾” (29.85 cm) deep.
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Case: Custom Molded Carbon Fiber by ACCORD Exclusive Carbon (Croatia)
Section
NOTE: All Hardware Anodized 1" x 2" Butt Hinges (3 places) Flush folding carry handles (2 places)
Top View
3'-012"
Non-locking snap latches (5 each)
Liner: Black chem-neutral cloth over foam padding (form-fit to trophy) America's Cup trophy w/1958 Plinth + 1999 SNG Carbon Fiber Base
1'-212" Handle-Side View
(Note: SNG Carbon fiber cloth wrapped base c.1999)
1143"
Case Shown Open
Latch Side
SNG America's Cup Trunk c.2003 24
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2003 LV Trunk – see PLATE XXII
The first of the New Look Louis Vuitton trunks came in 2003, necessitated by the addition of the Second (lower) Plinth. This change added slightly more than seven inches (7” or 17.78 cm) to the overall height of the Cup, and the 2003 travel trunk measured 16 ¼” x 16 ¼” x 48” (40.6 cm x 40.6 cm x 121.9 cm). More importantly, this design added a stabilizer assembly that inserted a padded rod into the top of the Cup. The rod is surrounded by a padded “pillow” that cushioned the rim and handle of the Cup.
America's Cup trophy w/1958 + 2003 Plinths + 2003 Jarrah NOTE: All Hardware Polished Brass wood Base AC Base Vachetta Leather edging and trim
Louis Vuitton Monogrammed Canvas w/PVC coating
Case: Furniture grade ply 2" x 2" Butt Hinges (8 places) 5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps (12 places)
A
Brass plaque
Section B-B
Top View
Removable stabilizer block w/ soft-padded pillow and 12" x 1 14 diameter cloth-wrapped wood locator pin (into neck of Cup)
Fig 138 Key for the LV AC Trunk sent to SNG from ACM
B
Brass Lock
4'
Vachetta Leather Handles (2 each)
Beige Micro-Fiber lining
1'-614"
1'-614"
Front
Left Side
Section A-A
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Trunk c.2003 24
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2010 Trunk – see PLATE XXIII
In 2010 a new LV trunk was constructed with a curved horizontal wood stabilizing brace in the center of the case which fit the Cup at its narrow neck and provided support. The 2010 did not have the former Perspex enclosure but did include a small area under the platform supporting the Cup, presumably for storage. The trunk measured 16 ¼” x 16 ¼” x 48” (40.6 cm x 40.6 cm x 121.9 cm) and was constructed of furniture-grade fine plywood with the LV monogrammed coated canvas exterior and edging and trim of Vachetta leather. Hardware is polished brass, including latches, locks, hinges, corner protectors and corner strap fasteners and their respective fasteners. The interior of the 2010 Trunk was lined with beige micro-fiber cloth. (While at Biro’s Silversmiths in early 2010, it was felt that the wood stabilizing brace in the new Louis Vuitton Trunk was actually causing damage to the Cup. Biro recommended that, until such time as the new trunk could be properly re-fitted, that the earlier version trunk be used.) America's Cup trophy w/1958 + 2001 Plinths + 2010 Carbon NOTE: All Hardware Polished Brass Fiber Base AC Base Vachetta Leather edging and trim
Louis Vuitton Monogrammed Canvas w/PVC coating
Case: Furniture grade ply 2" x 2" Butt Hinges (8 places) 5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps A (14 places)
Section B-B
Top View
Blue Micro-Fiber lining
Brass Lock
Small storage area below
B
4'
Vachetta Leather Handles (2 each)
Stained hardwood guide plate
1'-614"
1'-614"
Front
Left Side
Section A-A
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Trunk c.2010 24
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2015 Trunk – see PLATE XXIV
[June 2015] The biggest change came with the 2015 Trunk when Louis Vuitton equipped America’s Cup with its bespoke trunk for the 35th competition of the oldest international sporting competition in the world. The trophy trunk features a hand-painted, vivid scarlet red “V” (“Sailing Gaston”) to reflect the new Louis Vuitton America’s Cup logo. Handmade by three craftsmen in the historical workshop of Louis Vuitton in Asnières, France, the 2015 Louis Vuitton America’s Cup trophy trunk is the result of over 400 man-hours of work, through seven steps of fabrication. The trunk was designed to accommodate the original 1848 trophy, plus the 1958 and the 2001 plinths and its 2010 carbon fiber base. Missing, again, is any sign of the former Perspex enclosure. This new case, now much taller at 16” x 16” x 56 ½” (40.6 cm x 40.6 cm x 143.5 cm) sports the addition of a separate, removable hardsided Louis Vuitton “Medallion Case,” to transport the medals to be awarded to the sailor-participants. The case, 15 ½” x 16” x 5 ½,” matches the design and construction of the larger LV trunk, and slides into a blue micro-fiber-lined shelf near the bottom. Both the 2015 trunk and its little sibling are constructed of furniture grade fine plywood covered with LV Monogrammed coated canvas, the cotton-based polyvinylchloride coated material. Again, the edging and trim are of Vachetta leather. All hardware is polished brass, including latches, locks, hinges, corner protectors, and corner strap fasteners and their respective bolts. The case includes two heavy leather lifting handles in matching Vachetta leather and is lined with a vibrant dark blue microfiber fabric throughout, reflective of the ocean. Similar to earlier designs, the 2015 trunk bears the brass nameplate of Louis Vuitton inside the lid.
Figure 139 & 140 LV 2015 Trunk
The 2015 trunk has a matching companion piece: The Louis Vuitton Challenge Trophy trunk (see Louis Vuitton Cups section later in Compendium) Both trunks are presently in the Library of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron building in Auckland.
Figure 141 Louis Vuitton Trunk Details
Version 1.3
On arrival in Oman in 2016, airport security insisted on seeing what was contained in the leather suitcase nestled below America’s Cup. Sorry guys - just spare cotton gloves and polishing rags.
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America's Cup trophy w/1958 + 2003 Plinths + 2010 Carbon NOTE: All Hardware Polished Brass Fiber Base AC Base Vachetta Leather edging and trim Case: Furniture grade ply
Louis Vuitton Monogrammed Canvas w/PVC coating
2" x 2" Butt Hinges (10 places) 5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps A (14 places)
Section B-B
Removable 15 1/2" x 16" x 5 12" Leather Hardside Awards "Medal" Case w/leather handle
B
1'-614"
1'-614"
Front
Left Side
412"
543"
112"
3'-614"
Brass Lock
Scarlet Red Hand-Painted LV "V"
4'-812"
Blue Micro-Fiber lining
Vachetta Leather Handles (2 each)
1'-614"
2"
Top View
storage below
Section A-A
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Trunk c.2017 24
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Plate XXV The Cups
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The Prada America's Cup Trophy Trunk The 2018 Trunk – see PLATE XXV
In 2018 the Louis Vuitton trunk was replaced by a Prada-designed travel case in 2018 following a transfer of principal sponsorship from Louis Vuitton to rival fashion house Prada. Of course, the Cup travels in Prada style – in its own bespoke travel trunk. The trunk was designed, and hand built by the PRADA Tuscan Leather Goods Laboratory. Their furniture-grade plywood frame is covered with black Saffiano leather; with polished silver metal finishes reminiscent of historic PRADA travel trunks. Saffiano is full-grain calf leather, textured with a cross-hatch finish achieved by treating the material with a specialized stamping machine and finishing with a wax treatment. The leather is said to be water-resistant, highly scratch resistant, durable and easy to keep clean. The Saffiano process is a signature and patent of Prada. The interior of the PRADA travel trunk is a dark grey textured fabric over a base padding material. The PRADA name is prominently stamped in silver foil on the inside of the lid and at the base of the Cup support platform on the inside and on the front top edge of the lid on the outside. The assembly features a removable, hard-sided matching briefcase (16” x 18” x 4 ½” (40.64 cm x 45.72 cm x 11.43 cm) designed to hold race prize medallions prior to award to participant sailors. The leather-handled case slides into a custom recess just below the Cup compartment. There is a concealed storage space beneath the removable Cup support platform. All hardware is polished silverplated brass including the lock, hinges, corner protectors, corner straps, and tension latches. More than 2,000 nails were hand installed. There is a removable laser-cut fitted foam rubber protective insert that closely cushions the Cup when in travel mode. This PRADA trunk is 20” x 20” x 53 ½” (50.8 cm x 50.8 cm x 135.9 cm) and is sized to accept the original America’s Cup, its 1958 and 2018 Plinths and the 2010 Carbon Fiber Base. The contrast between the polished silver of America’s Cup and the dark grey of the PRADA Travel Trunk makes for an elegant presentation. There is a small silver identification plate mounted at the center of the back wall of the trunk. This trunk is equipped with two semi-concealed wheels located in the back edge, to facilitate movement.
Figure 142 & 143 The PRADA 2018 Travel Trunk – shown open and closed
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Plate XXVI The PRADA trunk is presently on display with the Cup at the RNZYS facility’s library in Auckland, The Cups
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North Sails Travel Trunk 2018 Trunk
Although the current PRADA travel case is beautiful, secure, roomy and heavy duty, it is also very heavy, and very large, having been sized to fill the entire locker on the bigger planes. One option was to place the Cup in its PRADA case into the hold of the plane – the downsides being many: between the special airline handling, intense security, insurance, and the unknowns, the flight cost quoted for each trip – for the Cup alone – started at NZ$22,000! Then the outbreak of COVID-19 caused an unexpected challenge in transporting the Cup. Airlines, seeing greatly-reduced numbers of travelers, went to smaller airplanes on those routes where they were still operating. With the smaller aircraft came a reduction in the size of the first-class locker in which the Cup routinely rode. [According to Richard Wingfield, RNZYS, the image of the Cup strapped to a seat, although it had occurred long ago, had become impractical and was actually unsafe for the Cup.] So instead, to accommodate the airlines’ changes to the stowage options in first class, Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron went to North Sails Auckland to create a minimalist version of the big case. North Sails built a split-foam block, carved out on the inside to the exact dimensions of the Cup, with the help of the laser-scanned 3D image that RNZYS had made earlier. North then made a lighterweight, wood-sided box which was then covered by reinforced sail cloth. Resembling a large rigid duffle bag, the new travel case would meet the size restrictions, but would be lighter in weight, without greatly compromising the safety of the Cup – and it could be moved with the cost of its usual, first-class ticket.
Figure 144 - Photo taken in Cowes in 2018
The Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Trophy Trunk – Returns! 2024 Shipping Case – see PLATE XXVII 2024 Trunk – see PLATE XXVIII On 24 October 2023, Louis Vuitton announced that they would return as Title Partner for the 37th America’s Cup to be held in Barcelona. New LV travel trunks premiered in mid-2024 for both the AC trophy and the Louis Vuitton Cup. In keeping with the most recent design, the Louis Vuitton Travel Trunk for the America’s Cup trophy was fabricated almost identical to the 2017 trunk, including the red “V” painted on the front doors, but was equipped with the mid-point padded wood stabilizing cross member with its leather retaining strap, similar to the 2010 Louis Vuitton Trunk. Gone was the soft foam contoured insert supporting the Cup that was present during the Prada sponsorship. The leather handles on either side of this new trunk were crafted of a re-shaped, lighter-colored leather than before and those handles were stamped with “®LOUIS VUITTON PARIS“. Additionally, the hardware was modified slightly to add two (2) interlocking alignment clips on the seam between the two front doors. The trunk, of course, was covered with the LV Monogrammed Canvas with PVC coating and was lined with the dark blue Micro-fiber. The cost for this new trunk is estimated to be in excess of $50,000 USD. Importantly, the overall size of the travel trunk did not change. This is crucial because America’s Cup must fit in the “closet” or “locker” in the first-class compartment of the aircraft in which it travels, and the dimensions of this bespoke luggage are carefully coordinated with the airlines. It has been long-established protocol (at least since the Cup was released from the hallowed halls of the New York Yacht Club in 1983) that the world’s oldest international sports trophy does not travel in “the hold.” Baggage handlers and a Figure 49 New LV Travel Trunk Hand Grips delicate, irreplaceable 173-year-old relic are not a good combination. Version 1.3
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On October 11, 2024, at the 37th America’s Cup Media Center in Barcelona, Spain, the Cup and the 2024 Louis Vuitton Travel Case were presented to the assembled press, in a ceremony that included the America’s Cup skippers and organizers, amid a spirited display by Māori warriors. The case was set upon a white pedestal and, with its top cover up and its front doors open, presented the trophy to the photogs gathered – including myself – the Cup having been carried into the auditorium by its usual handler (Niel) and placed into the awaiting LV cradle. (It was likely transported in the North Sails Travel Trunk (see above)). Following the media presentation, the cup that was on display was removed by hand, and the Louis Vuitton Travel Case (shown at PLATE XXVII) was buttoned up and placed inside a new wood shipping container (shown below at PLATE XXVIII). This box is clearly designed to expedite freight shipping of the LVTC, while allowing forklift access and/or the use of a small dolly with four casters. Constructed of chipboard with softwood reinforcing, this unfinished crate has a fully removable top cover and fully removable front panel. The interior is completely covered in a white, ½ inch-thick closed-cell foam padding. The covers are held in place with “draw latches” (not lockable.)
Figure 147 Labels on Shipping Crate
Somehow, has the decades-old restriction about America’s Cup only travelling in the main cabin of aircraft under escort disappeared? And Figure 146 New Shipping Crate doesn’t it seem strange that, in a time where the 176-year-old Cup should be under careful security, that someone thought that posting a photograph of the contents along with a hand-written “Malle America’s Cup” on the crate was prudent? Or maybe, the “real” America’s Cup is safe and sound elsewhere, and that this is merely a “stunt double” of substantially less value?
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1x4 Pine Framing Rails (unfinished) 1 2" Chipboard Box (Unfinished)
"Malle America's Cup" hand written in green marker on top rail Painted Stencils (Up Arrows/Fragile/ID No. Keep Dry/Crate Dimensions Paper label w/ photo of AC Travel Trunk (open) and "D63010 MALLE America's Cup" printed thereon Ref: 2024 LV America's Cup Trunk (see separate drawing) 1 2" Closed Cell foam padding - glued to chipboard
2'-114"
Top Cover (loose) DA0733
DIM: 64x64X173 CM PC. DS. 46KG
Front Cover (loose)
Section A-A
Zinc-plated spring hasps(7 each)
5'-8"
3 1/2x3 12 x3 12 wood block (4 each)
Crate rigged for forklift and provided with a separate, 4-caster furniture dolly for indoor movement
D63010 MALLE Americas Cup
FRAGILE
DIM: 64x64X173 CM PC. DS. 46KG
Left Side
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Shipping Case c.2024 24
12
6
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
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America's Cup trophy w/1958 + 2003 Plinths + 2010 Carbon NOTE: All Hardware Polished Brass Fiber Base AC Base Vachetta Leather edging and trim
Louis Vuitton Monogrammed Canvas w/PVC coating
Case: Furniture grade ply 2" x 2" Butt Hinges (10 places)
Section B-B
Blue Micro-Fiber lining
1'-614"
112"
Brass Lock
3'-614"
B
412" 543" 1'-614"
Removable 15 1/2" x 16" x 5 12" Leather Hardside Awards "Medal" Case w/leather handle
2"
Top View
Scarlet Red Hand-Painted LV "V"
4'-812"
Vachetta Leather Handles (2 each)
5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps A (14 places)
storage below
1'-614"
Front
Left Side
Section A-A
Louis Vuitton America's Cup Trunk c.2024 24
12
6
Stained hardwood guide plate
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
PLATE XXVIII The Cups
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Copies Abound The Garrard 1848 Ewer – commonly now known as America’s Cup - comes from a large family. Some of these relatives are close; some not so much, and others shouldn’t expect much at the reading of the will.
BROTHERS AND SISTERS – These are the original six ewers created by R & S Garrard in London from c.1848 to c.1862. In
2023, co-author Jack Griffin went to London to continue our research into the archived records of R. & S. Garrard and Co. that had been long-before discarded by Garrard, but were saved and retained by the Victoria & Albert Museum. Unfortunately, there were no records found relating to the six ewers regarding the design(s), craftsmen, workorders, shop orders or the assay of the pieces, nor were there any records of the purchasers. Jack, Karolina Stefanski and Mark Holland continue to investigate as we find new leads. But for now, this is what we know.
EWER 1 and EWER 2 – [c.1848] The earliest versions of the Ewer are missing, and in all likelihood, gone forever. Given that 1 and 2, probably did not include bottoms like EWER 3 (described below) and, by their construction were really not well suited to actually function as wine ewers, and given the often-described option of the time regarding just “melting it down” to create something else, it is probable that these pieces are lost forever. To this we note that while several publications of the time note “six cups” were made, no sightings of the first two have been reported. EWER 3 [1848] Garrard 1848 Ewer – now known as “America’s Cup” (please also see detailed descriptions throughout America’s Cup Compendium Book 2 – The Cup). There are several features of note that differentiates EWER 3 – America’s Cup - from the others of its series: The first being that EWER 3 does not, and never did have a bottom – it is open. The bottom edge of the Ewer is an unhemmed “sharp” edge that now slips over the raised section of the 1958 Tiffany Plinth 1. (In contrast, Ewers 4, 5 and 6 are all sealed across the bottom with a silver pan, providing a smooth, closed bottom to those cups. 194 But the most distinctive and easily recognized difference is the applied chased border of fretwork (conventional flowers - chrysanthemum or daisies - each alternating with a triangle pointing down) at the brim of the spout/cruet. Ewers 4, 5 and 6 are all decorated with a continuous beaded brim. 195 EWER 4 [1856] Owned by the estate of (Mrs.) Henry D. Mercer [WEATHERLY 1992] Rumson, NJ. An almost exact duplicate of EWER 3, also made by Garrard, turned up in Baltimore a few years ago. It is hallmarked 1856 and was mentioned in a 1962 souvenir program for the America’s Cup regatta. In 1966, following Mr. Mercer’s success with yacht WEATHERLY, bought the cup from Baltimore (MD) silversmith Frank M. Schofield Company (1903-1977) who himself had bought this ewer as part of a lot purchased at auction around the turn of the 20th Century. The 1962 AC program states “The duplicate….was discovered by the accidental visit of Professor A. C. “Rusty” Cavileer of the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis to the vaults of Schofield Company, silversmiths in Baltimore, who immediately spotted the likeness and inquired as to its origin. Apparently, it was acquired in a lot of silver that the Baltimore firm bought at auction about the turn of this century and has remained in storage ever since. Like the original, it is of a curious baroque design with elaborate scrolls, panels, and shields. It is 27 inches high, weighs 134 ounces and is shaped like an ewer. The only difference is that the cup in Baltimore has a bottom whereas the America’s Cup has none – it may have been removed at one time to enable it to be bolted down to a table196. It is obvious that Messrs. Gerrard, the original silversmiths, must have turned out at least one duplicate of this most famous of all yachting trophies as the hallmarks on both cups are identical. To further authenticate the period, circa 1851, the cup resting in Baltimore bears the following inscription: “Presented to John Elensor Heathrote, Esq. And Mary Anna His Wife Of Apedale And Longton Halls, Staffordshire By Their Tenants, Workmen and Dependents on May 29th 1856 in Token of Their Esteem and Respectful Appreciation of Their Character,” according to the inscription on the cup. [from 1962 souvenir program, from NYYC library Apr’22.] Articles appeared in the Miami Herald on 9/1/1974 (J Martendoff) and
194 It should be noted that if the remainder of the construction of the other Ewers is otherwise similar to Ewer 3 – America’s Cup – they might still be subject to leaks, even if there is a bottom present. We have found no reports that Ewers 4, 5 or 6 have actually been successfully filled with liquid. 195 For the security of the Cup, there are a number of other subtle differences which will not be presented here. 196
It was later determined that the Garrard Ewer 3 – America’s Cup - never had a bottom.
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EWER 5 [1857] Found in a “silver cellar” in London c. 1941 and bought for ~$1,200 by Henry Rosner of Boca Raton, FL. The Cup was inherited by Henry’s son, Walter, and sat on a shelf in the dining room at his home in Port Chester, NY for years until he saw a NYT newspaper photo of the “official” AC in March, 1951. The ewer was then moved to a bank vault where it remained. In September, 1974, Rosner sent photos to Garrard for authentication. W. H. Summers at Garrard verified it was originally made in 1857 197. [Per hallmark tax stamp struck when manufactured (per Garrard)]. This Ewer has a sealed bottom, no engraving, and a beaded top. A 1968 silversmith’s appraisal put the value at between $20,000 and $25,000. Ewer 5 was purchased from Rosner in 1980 by AC skipper and media mogul Ted Turner for a reported $15,000. 198 "Why spend $60 million on the America's Cup when you can have one for $250,000?" asks Teddy Turner Jr. That's what Ted Turner Sr. paid several years ago for an authenticated silver ewer that came out of the same mold as the original Cup. "There are only two Cups: Dad owns one and he has won the other," says Teddy Jr., who plans his own campaign for the real Auld Mug after he finishes going head-tohead with Dennis Conner and others in the next Whitbread Round-the-World Race. Quips the mini-Mouth of the South. "My dad's a smart businessman though. I'm sure he would sell his Cup for a lot less than some of the people in San Diego have spent trying to win the 'other' Cup." [news article 5/21/1992] Ewer 5 edition was authenticated by Sotheby’s Auction House and read as follows: “VICTORIAN SILVER LARGE EWER R & S Garrard, London, 1857 The pillar and scroll beaded handle attached to a baluster neck with lobed and beaded curved spout decorated with masks, beadwork and bead and strapwork motif rising from a lobed inverted baluster body with a collar of reeded oval cabochons embellished with wine over lobed panels interspersed by female masks above a panel body with strapwork and fruit motif over a beaded and leaf-cast foot with cabochon flanked by strapwork panels; base stamped R&S Garrard Panton St. London. Height: 27 ¾ inches Note: This model used for the “America’s Cup” trophy beginning in 1851.” The Turner edition does not include the 1958 (Tiffany & Co.) first plinth, nor any attached wood base. It is not engraved with the winners’ race information. The cup differs from America’s Cup as the top lip of the spout is decorated with beads as opposed to a flowered fretwork. EWER 6 [1862] Originally belonged to Duke of Buccleuch until c. 1950 when it was received by Anwar George Arida, Esq. a Lebanese Businessman, London as an engagement gift. The Ewer is 26 ½” high, 147 oz. Sterling silver and has no engraving. The rim is beaded and differs from AC. Does have a bottom 199 and was confirmed authentic by Garrard in 1987200. On 6 March 2003 it was purchased by Karine Tamari-Arida for $25,000 as a wedding present. Ewer 6 is currently on display at the Gstaad Yacht Club, Gstaad Switzerland. In 1997, Garrard estimated the value of each of the remaining original pieces at £60,000 ($101,400 USD)[$161,226 in 2020]. Garrard’s records indicated that there were at least four made to the same pattern. Most reports indicate that six were more likely created. 202 As an aside, the last of these Ewers roughly coincided with the end of the Victorian era of silverware design and a turn to more sedate designs. 201
FIRST COUSINS – These are the reproductions pieces created by Garrard in London Aside from the original six (6) Ewers made by Garrard from 1848-62, it appears that numerous replicas have been made. ALAN BOND – In 1986 Alan Bond’s wife, Eileen (Perth, AU) ordered a $45,000 replica from Garrard’s (11/10/1986 203). “According to reports at the time, Eileen’s chauffeur drove her to the international airport at Perth so she could pick up from a British Airways flight a gift of silver.” “Eileen wanted to have it made as something Alan’s grandchildren could remember him by” said a family spokesman.
197 9/27/1974 W. H. Summers - Garrard letter.
198 Per Gary Jobson purchase was closer to $15k than the claimed $250k. 199 Soundings article Jan 1971.
200 1/13/1987 W. H. Summers - Garrard letter. 201 Absorbing Interest p206.
202 There was rumor that actress Sophia Loren owned one of the original ewers. This could not be verified. (Currier-Post, 9/8/1988 pg. 60) 203 NYT November 10, 1986 Barbara Lloyd.
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This copy was touted as an “exact replica” including engravings, and was displayed in a glass case at Bond’s Dalkeith, Perth, AU mansion. Bond had been the first to wrest the original Cup from the New York Yacht Club in 1983. Bond was a billionaire who spent four years in prison for fraud. Eileen divorced Alan in 1992. In 1992, Alan Bond ordered a replica of the Cup from Garrard, however the body panels were “flatter”, and the text positioning and fonts were not particularly accurate. BILL KOCH Round One - In 1992, three (3) full-scale “exact” reproductions (complete with “exact” engravings) were created by Garrard’s of London. Commissioned by Bill Koch, an American billionaire, sailor, collector and founder of Oxbow Carbon Corp., these included the 1958 (Tiffany & Co.) First Plinth: 1.
Bill Koch, personal America’s Cup trophy collection, Palm Beach FL
2. Kansas Sports Hall of Fame - Wichita Boathouse, Wichita Kansas, a gift from Bill Koch. [In a 6/20/2023 interview with Mr. Jordan Poland, President and CEO of the KS Sports Hall of Fame in Wichita, he confirmed that on October 31, 2010 at about 5AM, burglars broke into the SHF building and stole the 1992 Garrard-made full-size replica of America’s Cup that had been donated by 1992 AC Winner Bill Koch to the Boathouse. Poland explained that the thieves entered through a locked exterior door and caused significant damage in the break. The replica cup was never recovered; however, Wichita Police detectives did find sufficient remaining pieces of Sterling silver evidence to be convinced that the Cup had been chopped up and sold for its silver value. The Boathouse did have an insurance policy for the total estimated value of the trophy of $50,000, which was paid out. Only the wood pedestal which held the glass-incased trophy remains. According to Poland, no one has been arrested in the case. It is unknown the whereabouts of the recovered portions have gone but may still be held as evidence at WPD headquarters.]204 3. Kansas State Governor, Topeka Kansas, a gift from Bill Koch. [November 2023 inquiries to the archivists at the Kansas State House were unable to ascertain the current status – or existence – of this copy]205 BILL KOCH Round Two - In April 2000, Richard Jarvis, former Managing Director of Garrard, was commissioned by Mark Lessard to create a full-size replica of America’s Cup on behalf of Bill Koch. It was shipped to Koch in 2001, bearing the hallmark of RJ. Mr. Jarvis reported that his cost was £19,500 of which £9,500 was for engraving. The replica was invoiced to William I Koch c/o Mark Lessard, Invoice no. 106 2000, for £26,000. This replica was improved from the replica made in 1992 for Alan Bond – the body panels were made more “bulbous”, and the engraving fonts and positioning was improved, based on information provided by John Reid of the NYYC.
HALF-BROTHERS – HALF SISTERS – The “less than full sized” trophies usually 2/3 or ½ the size of the originals, but still made by Garrard in London.
BILL KOCH Round Three - One-half scale exact reproductions (complete with exact engravings) were listed to be donated to: 1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, gift of Bill Koch 2. Culver Military Academy, Culver, Indiana, a gift of Bill Koch 3. St. Francis Yacht Club, San Francisco (not ever presented) 4. San Diego Yacht Club, San Diego CA (not ever presented) 5. Ninnescah Yacht Club, Wichita, Kansas (not ever presented)
204 205
Wichita Eagle, 9/4/2010, pg 9
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GARRARD - Half-size replicas were self-commissioned in 1987 to commemorate an Exhibition held in Freemantle, Australia. All of the £8000 replicas were sold, although they were referred to as “The Claret Jug”. [per Nicholas Winton - Garrard Brochure 11/4/1992]
The Claret Jug “To mark the 1986-87 Races and to commemorate Garrard’s first major event in Australia, a unique collection of 25 Claret Jug ewer replicas in Sterling Silver has been created by Garrard craftsmen using the same materials and techniques employed by their 19th Century counterparts. Each has been faithfully reproduced from existing available data and clearly demonstrates the continued traditions and skills of British Silversmithing. Illustrated on the front of this brochure, the Claret Jug measures 15 ½ inches in height, each is prices at £8000 (including V.A.T. ) To reserve a Claret Jug, please write to…”
GARRARD - In 1995 Garrard produced a “small replica to commemorate the victory this year.” [per Nicholas Winton - Garrard 10/27/1995] One of the replicas is on display at the Herreshoff Museum in Bristol, CT USA.
SECOND COUSINS – Reproductions made by manufacturers other than Garrard BLACK SHEEP OF THE FAMILY In 1894, the first America’s Cup souvenirs were manufactured by the Kent & Stanley Co. of Providence RI, USA. Although there was no race that year, the miniature spoons, sporting tiny America’s Cup trophies on top, signalled the first time the Cup emblem was ever made. A total of eight different spoons were created, four of which carried the designs of yachts in their bowls – Colonia, Jubilee, Vigilant, Valkyrie II. A full-sized wooden replica of the America’s Cup is displayed in the Alan Bond Room at RPYC. Carved from Queensland Beechwood it took the Late Ben Flack of Sunnybank Brisbane QLD 800 hours to create. The “Cup” was donated by his daughters, Mavis and Noela Flack of Brisbane. Replicas made for Michael Fay in 1986 raised $1 million for Fremantle – no further info 8/1/93 (16) ¾ replicas made in 2000 by NZ Mint Limited Edition 3/4 Scale Americas Cup Replica. Sterling Silver plated by Rigg Electroplating Licensed in 2000 by Team New Zealand Custom Replica Wooden Base (mounted). Custom 6mm Toughened Glass Display Case made by Nova Displays. Total Height (including case): 90CM Total Width (including case) 31CM (each side) Total Weight: 65 kg. Cup Height: 74CM Cup Base Diameter: 20CM Silver Plated Cast Replica (detachable ornate handle for transport & damage protection) 3 Hex Screw Mounted to Wooden Base
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Greenstone Replica (New Zealand) [1999]
Artists:
Mountain Jade Co. (1999) 41 Weld Street Hoktika, New Zealand 7810 Principal Carvers: Ross Crump Bevan Climo Polisher: Brant Travis Commissioned by: Creativision (1999) Height: 30.31 inches (77 cm) Weight: 79.36 lbs (36 kg) Scale: 7/8 (0.875) 87.5% of original Valuation: Owners asked $200,000. Sold for $77,000 + buyer’s premium $12,000 at auction in Auckland on 3/28/2014. Material (trophy): Maori Greenstone (Kahurangi Pounamu/nephrite) from South Island of NZ Material (base): Kauri (Agathis australis) from Huntly, Waikato Region, North Island of NZ Engraving (on plate): “Te Ha o Aotearoa” A Replica America’s Cup Trophy Format: A 7/8 scale greenstone replica of America's Cup (Te Ha O Aotearoa). The original pounamu boulder was excavated from Big Bay, South Westland and blessed by the Reverend Henderson of Nga Tahu and Kati Wae Wae. It is set on a wooden base of native swamp kauri timber recovered from the ancient, buried forests near Huntly, Waikato region. It thereby constitutes two unique and natural treasures of New Zealand - pounamu which is found only in the South Island and kauri which is found only in the North Island. Te Hao Aotearoa was exhibited in numerous locations around and throughout New Zealand. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqBKINemRoo New Zealand 2000 – 5.5 Inches high, 14.6 oz. Silver plated cast metal miniature. From VIP member of San Diego Yacht Club (Value $50-150. USD) (8/31/2018)
New Zealand artist Cate Dine constructed an America’s Cup replica from waste collected on East Coast beaches in 2021. It is on display at the New Zealand Maritime Museum [Hui Te Ananui A Tangaroa], 163 Quay Street, Auckland NZ.
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America’s Cup MONA (Barcelona)
[31 March 2024] Studio:
Artists: Principal Carvers: Presented at” Height: Weight: Scale: Time to complete Material (trophy):
Patisserie Escriba Gran Via (Pastry Shop) Gran Via de les Corts, Catalans, 546. Barcelona SP In collaboration with Zona Franca and IAM3HUB Christian Escriba. (2024) Daniel Dominquez (Head of Chocolate Dept.) Pol Escriba Experience Cup event – Moll d’Espanya (3/24) 43.31 inches (110 cm) 66.14 lbs (30 kg) 1:1 18 hours with team of four Dark Chocolate
“Patisserie Escribà” is an historical Barcelona family business. Founded the July 25th 1906 when Mateu Serra i Capell (1876-1945) first opened the “Forn Serra”. Nowadays managed by Christian (62), Escribà’s 4th generation has its aim exciting, surprising and creating unique and unforgettable moments.” In 2014, Escriba showcased a €4 million, 8,000 square meter event in Singapore featuring an 8.5m-high wedding cake full-sized pastry and candy animals and a massive sugar waterfall. The Cup replica was on display in their showcase until the beginning of the 37th AC competition. ________________________ Format: A 7/8 scale greenstone replica of America's Cup (Te Ha O Aotearoa). The original pounamu
1992, 8.5” miniature replica sold at auction with a wood box. Sold for $225.
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A .925 sterling silver charm selling for $57 in 2023.
A vintage AC trophy bracelet yellow gold charm selling for $200.
1983 replica carters.com.au selling in Australia for $125
A 1987 Necklace and pouch
1977 3” high Rhodium finish AC $15.00 from David R Rough Jewelers, 120 Bellevue Ave. Newport Silverplated replica auctioned 10/16/2011 in Boston, had been owned by Chandler Hovey The prestigious America’s Cup is the oldest active trophy in international sport. Chart yourself a winning course to capture this exquisite replica of the highly coveted sailing trophy. Featuring meticulous details the offered replica weighs approximately two pounds. It stands 8” tall and is mounted on a 3x3 cherry wood base. This outstanding silver-plated reproduction presents in excellent condition with scattered traces of light tarnishing, which serves to enhance the authentic detail and fine craftsmanship evident throughout this work of art. SOLD 2012 Nicolaswinton.co.uk 2019
Nicholas Winton Ltd., Fox Court, 14 Gray’s Inn Road, London London Silversmiths who create bespoke trophies created a
Replica of America’s Cup in 2019.
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A replica Sterling silver listed by
Ruby Lane Auctioneers c.2018
And even smaller copies
p2.live auctioneers.com
1903 sterling silver replica Replica at Herreshoff
8.7 cm Sterling silver replica Gowans Auctions NZ in November 2016 “Extremely rare 2/3 size replica of the America's Cup trophy. This beautiful recreation of "The Auld Mug" was once the possession of world-renowned Corinthian yachtsman, Chandler Hovey. Hovey owned Cup yachts, raced Cup yachts and loved Cup yachts. He once owned the J Boats "Yankee" and later "Rainbow" and 12-meter yacht "Easterner". Yankee lost a notable race to Rainbow by one second and along with it a chance to defend the Cup. Many thought Yankee crossed the line first, the rest is history. Hovey never won the Cup but he was instrumental in many campaigns. The Cup is cast from pewter and is in its original form without the extra bases added through the years. It has a warm patina and is in very good condition. It is believed that this Cup was presented to Hovey after the Cup races in 1934. 19" x 8 1/2" x 5 1/2" base diameter.” [Boston Harbor Auctions – Norwell, MA USA] Sold in 2011 for $27,000 16 3/4size AC made by NZ mint in NZ under license from TNZ asking $15k in 2009
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100 mm high, $5,500 Solid Silver NZ-made with display box (2021). Sold by RNZYS and designed by Greg Holland.
Plate inscribed “NEW ZEALAND 2000”
Pewter/silver plated 157 mm high
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Tucker 1985 copy
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Nagging Questions Still Remain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Were there six original ewers made by Garrard? If so, where are/what happened to the others? Tiffany swears they didn’t do it, so who drilled the hole in the Cup for The Bolt? Who made The Bolt? Precisely when was it made? Why was Aurora’s name left off the engraving? Why was Cambria’s weight never filled in? Why was Benjamin Nathan not also prosecuted for the “Willful Damage” and/or “Entering with Intent” charges? Why were the Tino co-conspirators not charged with the attack on the Cup in 1997? Who were the “English merchant” and the “New York businessmen” who were corresponding regarding entering a US boat in the 1851 Exposition? Where are the original letters? 9. What shares and contributions did each of the original five members of the Schuyler Syndicate have in America? 10. What were the names of the 13 “borrowed” sailors from the yacht “Surprise” that actually manned America during the 1851 race? 11. The lead solder found during the 1997 repair of the Cup was introduced how? 12. How was the Cup handle damaged that required the emergency flight to/back from England? 13. What/who were the other 4 protests after the Isle of Wight race? (The protests were not allowed) 14. When was the Cup engraved the first time, and by whom? 15. When was the Cup knocked over and damaged at the NYYC? 16. What happened to the several small silver pieces that were removed/replaced during the 1997 repair that had been leadcontaminated? 17. When was the Cup purchased from Garrard by Henry William Padget and when did he then donate it to RYS? 18. From September 28, 1851 until it was officially accepted by the NYYC, specifically where was the Cup held? (in the homes of the original syndicate members through October 1, 1851 and then at the home of NYYC Secretary Bloodsworth, or other explanation) 19. Looking for: both sets of written, official Sailing Instructions for the Isle of Wight race on August 22, 1851. 20. It was reported that the NYYC Chef (a member) assisted Henri by actually removing the bolt from the Cup. Who was he? 21. Why was George Steers (who was the designer of America) listed as “Built By” on the Cup, instead of William Brown? 22. Where is any official record of the 1958 First Plinth, ordered by NYYC and crafted by Tiffany, New York, located?
The America’s Cup Medal
New York Yacht Club (1872) At the General Meeting of the New York Yacht Club on February 1, 1872 “Mr. William H. Major presented the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: -Inasmuch as the America’s Cup is the property of the New York Yacht Club, and cannot go to any individual yacht or yachts which may have been the means of retaining said cup in the possession of the club, and inasmuch as it is proper that said yacht or yachts should have some memento of their victories, Resolved, That a suitable die be struck for a medal, to be entitled “The America’s Cup Medal,” at the expense of the club, and that the owner of any yacht that has been or shall hereinafter be instrumental in retaining the America’s Cup in the possession of the club shall be authorized by the club to have a medal struck from the before-mentioned die, at his own expense, having inscribed on it the name of the victorious yacht and that of her competitor, together with the date of the contest, and that a committee be appointed to select an appropriate design for the die,. Seconded and carried unanimously. On the motion Mr. Krebs the flag officers were appointed as such committee.” New York Herald, pg 8. February 5, 1872 It is unclear whether the die or any medals were ever produced pursuant to this NYYC Resolution.
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OTHER CUPS, TROPHIES AND AWARDS LEADING TO AMERICA’S CUP COMPETITION This Section delves into the myriad of “other” trophies, awards, plaques and medals that have been awarded to competitors (either winning or not winning) in the quest to race for America’s Cup. Some are one-offs, some are deeded, some are humorous, and some – such as the Louis Vuitton Cup, the Citizen Cup and the Prada Cup – are imperative to secure the rights to the spot in the finals.
George Steers’ Award
[1852] On January 9, 1852, at a dinner at Metropolitan Hall in front of 400 guests, including the President of the United States America’s Cup builder was awarded a “handsome service of plate, value about $300 ($11,450 in 2022), comprising six pieces – two Pitchers, two Goblets and two Salvers (trays).” To George Steers, Esq. As a testimonial of respect for this mechanical skill, as evidenced in the construction of the yacht “America.”
Charles Francis Adams Memorial Trophy Eastern Yacht Club [1893-1991]
Silversmith: verify Width: 24 inches ( cm) verify Height: 18 inches ( cm) verify Depth: 1 3/8 inches ( cm) verify Weight: xx lbs verify Material: Sterling silver 0.985 Hallmark: Centered – underside: Photographs: Courtesy of Eastern Yacht Club Format: Trophy is a polished, rectangular Sterling silver tray, with curved, cropped corners. Outer edge is triple-beaded and the piece has a secondary indent approximately ½ inch, inset. The trophy was first awarded in 1956 by the Eastern Yacht Club (47 Foster Street, Marblehead, MA 01945, Est. 1870; GPS Lat: 42.498822, Long. 70.839825), and was presented 45 times between 1965 and 1991. The Adams Trophy was awarded to two America’s cup campaigns directly – the 1958 Columbia Syndicate and the 1959 Weatherly Syndicate. Of interest, the Trophy had also been awarded to America’s Cup greats - Fredrick E. (“Ted”) Hood (six times), and Bradley P. Noyes (“Ticonderoga”) (twice). Eastern Yacht Club sponsors the Eastern Annual Regatta which was often used as an early test of potential America’s Cup Contenders and Defenders. The purchase of the Tray was funded by 203 prominent citizens whose names are engraved on the back of the tray. Since 1994, the trophy is awarded to someone who exemplifies yacht racing skills and the values of Adams. It is not awarded every year.
Winners of Charles Francis Adams Memorial Trophy Who were Also Contenders for America’s Cup Columbia – Columbia Syndicate 1958 Weatherly – Weatherly Syndicate 1959
Trophy is in honor of Charles Francis “Deacon” Adams III (1866 – 1954) a lawyer, politician and U. S. Secretary of the Navy under President Herbert Hoover (1929 – 1933) and a well-known yachtsman. Adams skippered the America’s Cup defender Resolute in the 1920 contest win against Shamrock IV (3|2), and at age 68 came within one foot of defending in Yankee when she lost the final trial race to Rainbow. Adams was inducted posthumously into the America’s Cup Hall of Fame in 1993. In the single Version 1.3
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season of 1939 Adams won the three most coveted domestic sailing trophies – the King’s Cup, Astor Cup and the Puritan Cup. Adams, the Commodore of the Eastern Yacht Club in Marblehead MA, became known as the “Dean of American Helmsmen.”
Livonia Trophy [1871]
Silversmith: Barnard, J., E., W., & J. England, London (1871) Commissioned: unspecified “Americans in London” Material: .925 Sterling silver Interior: Silver gilt Height: 18.25 inches (46.355 cm) Diameter: 9.25 inches (23.495 cm) Hallmark 1: (under lid) J.E., W., and J. Barnard, London, 1868-1869 Hallmark 2: (on top) Maker’s Mark and partial hallmark Format: Removable lid with interlocking pattern of large, 5-pointed stars and small English roses, surmounted by 2 figures: Britannia (kneeling) & Columbia (standing). Columbia appears to have once held something, perhaps a trident or flag. Lip edge has a rope motif, and the body of the cup has tridents and alternating panels of oak leaves and unidentified leaves. Cast lion heads and American eagles alternate around midsection of cup. Floral pattern continues over entire cup. The Livonia Trophy was commissioned by anonymous Americans in London, (notably, not the NYYC) to recognize the runner-up in the 1871 bid for America’s Cup. The award was not well received, however, as the Cup misspelled Ashbury’s name [as “Asbury”] and his yacht Livonia [as “Lavonia”] apparently to mock the single win against Franklin Osgood’s Columbia in the [4:1] regatta*. Additionally, the two figures on the lid were depictions used often in political cartoons of the era; in this case the Britannia showing subservience to Columbia suggesting Britain’s and Ashbury’s inferiority. Needless to say, the award was refused by Mr. Ashbury, was returned to the giver, and is now in the collection of the Mystic Seaport Museum in Mystic, Connecticut. Engraving (front): This cup was presented by Americans in London to MR. J. ASBURY (sic) Whose Schooner Lavonia (sic) won one race for the America's Cup Oct. 19th 1871 Engraving (rear): [relief scene showing Livonia leading Columbia] *Deeper background: Commodore Ashbury was a difficult negotiator. Starting in 1868, Ashbury attempted to convince the defending NYYC that his proposed rules were better than those in the Deed of Gift. During discussions, he deposited several trophies to be sailed for during the next season:
Ashbury Cup for Sloops (£50) 1870 Ashbury Cup for Schooners (£50) 1870 After the 1871 Cup races, Ashbury tried to convince NYYC that he had actually won the regatta by winning four races: • The second claimed under protest; (Ashbury turned the outer mark to starboard) • The third actually won; • The sixth, because he went over the course alone in so far as any official opponent was concerned; • And the seventh, because he was ready to sail even if he didn’t.
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“Five dollars you had, five dollars you didn’t have and five dollars I ain’t going to give you, and that makes fifteen dollars”
Needless to say, the Race Committee declined to consider the claim, to which Ashbury responded in “peppery” language, accusing NYYC of “sharp practices and unfair and unsportsmanlike conduct in their dealing with him.” As a response, the NYYC resolved: “Whereas, inasmuch as Commodore Ashbury has charged the New York Yacht Club with sharp practices and unfair and unsportsmanlike conduct in their dealing with him, “Resolved, that they cannot with any respect compete for the cups which were deposited with Commodore Bennett by Commodore Ashbury to be sailed for by the yachts of the New York Yacht Club and that the Secretary be instructed to return the cups to Commodore Ashbury.” [NYYC minutes] https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/08/09/100100702.html?pageNumbe
Cape May Challenge Cup [1872]
Ex-Commodore James Gordon Bennett New York Yacht Club
Design Studio: Tiffany & Co. (1872) Height: 28 ¼ inches (71.76 cm) Width: 16 ½ inches (41.91 cm) Material (trophy): Sterling silver Material (base): Marble Format: Die-rolled anchor border. Two cast silver bearded sailors with sextants, entwined rope surrounding silver foot Engraving (far side): October 10,1872 Schooner Dreadnaught def. Palmer October 10, 1873 Schooner Enchantress def. Dreadnaught September 4, 1877 Schooner Idler def. Dreadnaught, Rambler & Vesta September 26, 1885 Cutter Genesta def. Dauntless Engraving (front):
Cape May Challenge Cup Presented by the Commodore of the N.Y.Y.C. October 10"' 1872.
The America’s Cup Medal
New York Yacht Club (1872) At the General Meeting of the New York Yacht Club on February 1, 1872 “Mr. William H. Major presented the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: -Inasmuch as the America’s Cup is the property of the New York Yacht Club, and cannot go to any individual yacht or yachts which may have been the means of retaining said cup in the possession of the club, and inasmuch as it is proper that said yacht or yachts should have some memento of their victories, Resolved, That a suitable die be struck for a medal, to be entitled “The America’s Cup Medal,” at the expense of the club, and that the owner of any yacht that has been or shall hereinafter be instrumental in retaining the America’s Cup in the possession of the club shall be authorized by the club to have a medal struck from the before-mentioned die, at his own expense, having inscribed on it the name of the victorious yacht and that of her competitor, together with the date of the contest, and that a committee be appointed to select an appropriate design for the die,. Seconded and carried unanimously. On the motion Mr. Krebs the flag officers were appointed as such committee.” New York Herald, pg 8. February 5, 1872 It is unclear whether the die or any medals were ever produced pursuant to this NYYC Resolution.
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Madeleine Cup
New York Yacht Club
[1876] Designer: William Moore Design Studio: Tiffany & Co. Commissioned by: New York Yacht Club, c.1865-70 Height to rim: 9 7/8 Inches (25 cm) Height overall: 11 ½ inches (29.21 cm) Bowl diameter: 11 7/8 inches (30.2 cm) Width overall: 16 inches (40.64 cm) Base diameter: 6 5/8 inches (16.83 cm) Material: 0.925 Sterling silver Hallmark: “Tiffany & Co.|1970|QUALITY 925.1000 |M | 5950 | Union Square | August 11th and 12th 1876” Format: Silver Punch Bowl – “The round bowl is shaped like a hemi-sphere with a beautifully engraved border above a turned bulbus shaped base with ropework border. On opposite sides of center of the bowl are applied Sterling round with square backed castings Figure 50 Madeleine Trophy photo Hylan Granby Antiques – Dan Cullity depicting Neptune's Face with large beard. Mounted on opposite sides 90 degrees from the Neptune castings are life-like shaped and detailed large Sterling anchors which are attached to the bowl with square mounting plates with decorative knotted rope work. Applied to the base on opposite ends are exotic shapes Sterling cast dolphins. The nautical themes created for this bowl are most appropriate given the fact that this important presentation bowl bears the fancy engraved description below. Presented To Capt. J.S. Dickerson By the NY Yacht Club in Recognition of the Madeleine Over the Canadian Yacht Countess of Dufferin In the International Contest for the signal Victories Won by The America's Cup On The 11th and 12th of August 1876
This is the first of only five trophies awarded to Captains of America’s Cup defenders. The “M” in the hallmark indicates that the Cup was commissioned several years (1865-1870) before the August 1876 races with Countess.
Sloop Yacht Mischief Trophy New York Yacht Club [November 10, 1881]
Designer: Charles Osborne (likely) (1886) Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, New York Height: inches (cm) (research continuing) Width: inches (cm) Material: Sterling silver .925 Weight: troy ounces Hallmark: Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 (on bottom) Format: Sterling silver oblong, footed bowl with two stylized cup handles. Body chased with six (6) sea horses and under-sea engraving. Engraved: “Sloop Yacht Mischief over the Canadian Yacht Atalanta” Awarded by the New York Yacht Club to the Yacht Mischief for defeating (2:0|0) the Yacht Atalanta in the 4th America’s Cup races, November 9-10, 1881 at New York City.
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Puritan Genesta Decanter Eastern Yacht Club [1885-87, 1964- ]
Designer: Charles Osborne (likely) Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., 692 Broadway at 4th St. NYC Height: 15 ½ inches (39.37 cm) Height: (of Decanter) xxxxx Height: (of base)xxxxx Width: (at bowl) xxxxx Width: (at foot) xxxxx Dimensions (L/W/H of base) xxxxx Material: Sterling silver .925 Weight: 136 troy ounces Hallmark: Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 Figure 51 Front of Photographs: Courtesy of Eastern Yacht Club Puritan Genesta Format: Trophy is a finely-crafted, .925 polished Sterling silver footed decanter with two handles Decanter (Base not in the form of fishtails, and an idealized, detailed full figure of Edward “Ned” Burgess 206attired shown) in the Pilgrim costume seated at a worktable, holding a carving of yacht Puritan’s hull. The base is scalloped and reticulated, decorated with ten chased appliques and the rim bears ten seagulls in flight. The rear of the Decanter features a broad surface with stacked engraving on the stem and a large presentation engraving on the bowl (see text below). The decanter is mounted to a polished mahogany plinth with its own Sterling silver engraved plate which is removable. (see text below). The trophy was awarded in 1885 and 1887 and then was put back into competition by the Eastern Yacht Club (47 Foster Street, Marblehead, MA 01945, Est. 1870; GPS Lat: 42.498822, Long. -70.839825) in 1964. The Trophy is now awarded by the Club to “EYC members for yachting accomplishments of major distinction.” Engraving on the Puritan Genesta Decanter (front)
A.C.Leuders
Robin 1970 Tiogra Bradley T. Noyes 1971 Boomerang waxxxxxxx commodore
Figure 52 Rear of Puritan Genesta Decanter (showing wood plinth)
“ Presented to the OWNERS of Ye PURITAN By the New York Yacht Clvb
in commemoration of her victory over the representing the Royal Yacht Squadron in England
In the Match for the possession of The Sailed September 1885”
(right side) 1974 America’s Cup Frederick E. Hood SKIPPER
Courageous (left side)
(On Plate) 1993
Richard B. Wilson
(rear) XXXX Xxxxxxx U. S. Xxxxxxxxxx
1965 Storm
U. S. AnneXXXXXXXX
1968 Bermuda Race F.E.Hood
Northam 1986 Henry e. cooper ii Palmyra
Great American II San Francisco – Boston
15,300.8 MILES – 85 DAYS 19 HOURS 44 MINS
2002 Great American II – Richard B. Wilson 2003 Great American II – Richard B. Wilson (remaining 50% not yet engraved)
winners included also Dave Curtis, Steve Connolly, Rich Wilson
Genesta
AMERICA’S CVP “By the owners of the Puritan presented to the Eastern Yacht Club in trust February 1887”
The Yacht PURITAN successfully defended America’s Cup [2:0] on 14-16 September 1885 in New York Harbor against the RYS challenger GENESTA. PURITAN was owned by J. Malcomb Forbes Syndicate and skippered by Capt. Aubrey J. Cocker.
206 “As a testimonial to the design genius of Burgess”.
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Yacht Priscilla Trophy New York Yacht Club [June 17, 1886]
Designer: Charles Osborne (likely) (1886) Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, New York (1866-1924) Height: inches (cm) (research continuing) Width: inches (cm) Material: Sterling silver .925 Weight: troy ounces Hallmark: Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 (on bottom) Photographs: Original Whiting Mfg. ad from Author’s personnel collection Format: Sterling silver tankard with hinged lid. The cup bears a bas-relief standing figure of Priscilla Alden Event: NYYC Open Regatta – Sandy Hook Light Station and Return June 17, 1886. Raised lettering (on cup) Won by
Priscilla
In the
Regatta
N. Y. Y. C June 17, 1886 Raised lettering (near base) “Speak for yourself, John”
Yacht Mayflower Trophy New York Yacht Club [1886]
Designer: Silversmith: Height: Width: Material: Weight: Hallmark: Presented to:
Charles Osborne (likely) (1886) Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, New York inches (cm) (research continuing) inches (cm) Sterling silver .925 troy ounces Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 (on bottom) General Charles J. Paine (1886)
Format: Sterling silver ewer with heavy handle and lid. The original Mayflower bringing over the Pilgrims is represented below the two figures in bas-relief. The woman is a type of the original Puritan mother who braved the ocean voyage on the first Mayflower, and the boy is her brave Yankee son of to-day holding a model of the Yacht Mayflower in his arm. Awarded by the New York Yacht Club to the sloop Mayflower for defeating (2:0|1) the cutter Galatea in the America’s Cup races, September 7-11, 1886 at New York City. Engraved: “Presented by the New York Yacht Club to Gen. Charles J. Paine, to commemorate the victory of his sloop Mayflower over the cutter Galatea, in America’s Cup races of Sept., 1886.” Mayflower was owned by General Charles J. Paine and skippered by Capt. Hank Haff and Capt. Martin V. B. Stone.
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Goelet Cup
New York Yacht Club [1886]
Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, NYC Height: 1 8 ½ inches ( cm) Material: Sterling silver .925 Format: Pitcher with lid. The scantily clad maiden is placed like a figurehead on the prow of a ship. The ornament of the lid and those at the base of the handle are cast. The engraved inscription on the bottom reads:
Goelet Cup Won by Mayflower Aug. 7th, 1886.
[Antiques Sept 1977 pg 501.] https://www.dropbox.com/sh/og33bc9aot6irna/AACJiEFID6AQCNMxV2rnO9kba/club1%20NYYC?dl=0&preview=2001-0404+Commodore+Anderson+to+London+Goldsmiths_20020404+copy+2.pdf&subfolder_nav_tracking=1
Goelet Cup
New York Yacht Club [1886]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Company, (c. 1886) Material: Silver Height including base: 28 1/2 inches Weight: 39 pounds. Format: Deep repousse and chasing depicts mermaid and figures representing the winds swirling air and sea. The florid chased inscription around the neck reads: applied on the reverse side of the cup is: Awarded to: Current Location:
Goelet Cup 1886
Goelet Cup 1886 Mayflower NYYC 4th Floor Trophy Case, Bottom shelf
Yacht Volunteer Trophy New York Yacht Club [1887]
Designer: Charles Osborne (likely) (1887) Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, New York Height: inches (cm) (research continuing) Width: inches (cm) Material: Sterling silver .925 Weight: troy ounces Hallmark: Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 (on bottom) Event: Awarded by the NYYC to the Yacht Volunteer for defeating (2:0) the yacht Thistle in the 7th America’s Cup Races, September 30,1887 off New York City. Format: Sterling silver. The artist has sought the company of sea nymphs and mermaids and the nereid 207 is presented in a swirl of water which can scarcely be distinguished from her own wealth of hair.
Engraved: Presented to Captain Charles J. Paine, owner of the Yacht Volunteer, in grateful recognition of his unequaled skill and ability in thrice defending America’s Cup
207 In Greek religion, any of the daughters (numbering 50 or 100) of the sea god Nereus and Doris, daughter of the Ocean.
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Newport Citizen’s Cup New York Yacht Club [August 16, 1887]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Co., New York (Dec 22,1887) Commissioned by: Citizens of Newport Rhode Island Height: 9 ½ inches (24.1 cm) Width: 20 ½ inches (52.1 cm) Depth: 13 ¼ inches (33.7 cm) Material: Sterling silver 0.925 (158.14 troy ounces) Original manufacturing cost: $450 Hallmarks: TIFFANY & CO.9587 MAKERS 8472 | STERLING SILVER | 925-1000 | M Format: Boat-form cup with mask below ribbed bowsprit, hawsehole to either side supporting hawsers or ropes swaged to undulating cartouche with sprays of seagrass front and back, set on domed base with four dolphin masks with wave-like plumbs, upon rope above seagrass. Cartouches and reverse of the prow mask are double walled. Inscription:
Newport Citizens Cup WON BY
SCHOONER YACHT
MAGIC N.Y.Y.C.
AUG. 13TH 1887
THRONTON N. MOTLEY, OWNER Current Location: Collection of J.D. Parks
Goelet Cup
New York Yacht Club [1888]
Silversmith: Commissioned by: Height: Format: Material: Engraving:
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Tiffany and Co., New York (1888) Odgen Goelet (1888) 17 ½ inches (44.45 cm). Amphora Sterling Silver 0.925 Reverse Goelet Cup I888 Won by Volunteer C. J. Paine/Owner Newport, Aug. 10, 1888.
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Goelet Cup for Schooners
$1000 Prize for 1892 NYYC Cruise [1892]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Co., New York, (1892) Commissioned by: Ogden Goelet (1892) Height: 22 ¼ inch (56.5 cm) Width: 22 ½ inch (57.2 cm) Depth: 10 ½ inches (26.7 cm) Material: .965 Sterling Silver Silver Content: 411.98 troy ounces Marks: TIFFANY & CO. 11662 MAKERS 3400, STERLING SILVER, 925-1000, T Format: “shell-form cup, fluted in waves cresting in a seafoam rim, each side with a seagrass cartouche inscribed to one side, shell supported by mermaid draped in seagrass and intertwined with a dolphin rising from a base of shells and seagrass as if emerging from a wave.” Engraving: GOELET CUP AUGUST 11, 1892 WON BY SCHOONER LASCA Background: Each year from 1882 until 1897, the Goelet $1,000 cup for schooners was presented during the races off Newport held during the New York Yacht Club Cruise. While the 1893 Goelet cup is majestic in design, the race was lackluster with little breeze and fog, and the events to follow, a fiasco. As reported in the NYTimes, August 14, "It now turns out that the Lasca won the Goelet schooner cup as Volunteer had not been properly entered. Through some oversight she was not officially entered by Mr. J. Malcolm Forbes. She sailed over the course, and the committee took her time and then decided to examine the case. To-day, in spite of all the protests of Mr. Forbes, the cup has been awarded to Mr. J. E. L. Brooks’ schooner Lasca, the boat that finished second to the Volunteer." https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1893/08/14/109728680.html?pageNumber=8
Volunteer had won the last America’s Cup Defense on September 30, 1887 beating Thistle 2-0. Built in 1892, Lasca was "a centerboarder, 119 feet overall, designed by Cary Smith for John E. Brooks, won twice [1892 NYYC Cruise races].” NYYC History. Lasca's owner John E. Brooks, a third-generation clothier, was the grandson of Henry Sands Brooks, founder of H. & D. H. Brooks & Co., which became Brooks Brothers in 1850. In 1896, the year John E. Brooks retired as the company's president, he introduced the button-down collar to American fashion, inspired by the uniforms of English polo players. Sold on November 17, 2020 for $300,000 at auction in Dallas TX. It is now on display at the Yale University Art Gallery.
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Goelet Cup for Sloops $500 Prize [1893]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Co., New York, 1892 Designed by: James H. Whitehouse Commissioned by: Ogden Goelet (1892) Height: 16 ½ inches (41.9 cm) Width (at handles): 12 ¾ inches (32.4 cm) Depth: 9 inches (22.9 cm) Material: .965 Sterling Silver Weight: 142.73 troy ounces Marks: TIFFANY & CO. 11304 MAKERS 9034 STERLING SILVER T Original Cost: $299 (1892) [current 2022 equiv. value $9,447] Inscription: GOELET CUP 1892 Format: “Urn-form trophy with acid etched victory scene of war ships and in the foreground Triton blowing a conch shell surrounded by mermaids rising from waves, one mermaid holding up a victory wreath, blank cartouche to reverse flanked by mermaids, base of body with acid etched band of tritons alternating with stylized leaves, shoulder with acid etched inscription, removable laurel wreath attaches with pin below cast dolphin-form bifurcated handles and above opposite handle a catch for either end of wreath.” [American Presentation and Trophy Silver from the Collection of J.D. Parks]
PROVENANCE: Christie's, New York, January 26, 1995, lot 310; Sotheby's, New York, The Victor Niederhoffer Collection of Trophy and Presentation Silver, December 15, 1998, lot 107; Christies, New York, May 19, 2005, lot 24; Acquired from the above. Ogden Goelet commissioned two cups for the races that would be held during New York Yacht Clubs Annual Cruise in 1892, a $1,000 cup for schooners and this $500 cup for sloops. As recorded in the Tiffany & Co. Archives, the cup for sloops had a manufacturing cost of $299. The following year the cup was on display in the Tiffany Pavilion at the Columbian Exposition along with three other Goelet Cups. The race for the Goelet Cups was held on August 5. "Ten schooners and only four sloops raced over Breton Reef-Block Island-West Island...in a freshening sou'wester. There were upset victories in both classes...the 46-footer Harpoon, sailed by Charles Francis Adams, won over Gloriana and Wasp...as well as the old Gracie...The Press commented "Hurrah for Beantown and the Beantown yachts." John Parkinson, Jr. The History of the New York Yacht Club The skipper Charles Francis Adam (1866-1954), and his brother, George Adam, owner of Harpoon grew up near the water, and sailed from an early age. They were direct descendants of John and Quincy Adams, the 2nd and 6th presidents of the United States. As sailing master, Charles Francis Adam went on to win the America's Cup in 1920 before being appointed Secretary of the Navy in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover. Harpoon, originally named Beatrix, was designed by the renowned American yacht designer Edward Burgess (1848-1891) for A.J. Frisbee of Salem in 1891. Frisbee sold Beatrix to the Adam brothers, who renamed her and altered the original design with a new sail plan and a weighted centerboard, clearly succeeding in transforming her to a racing sloop. Current Auction value $75,000 – $100,000.
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John Jacob Astor Cups New York Yacht Club [August 17, 19 and 22, 1893]
In curating the exhibit, Hijar sought to decode the design elements on display in each piece. In one corner of the room is a magnificent cup (pictured above), one of two commissioned for the New York Yacht Club by John Jacob Astor IV, with Renaissance cherubs riding dolphins and a “weird sea serpent” that resembles John Jacob Astor III (John Jacob Astor IV’s uncle). Astor cup Sterling silver Gorham 1899 one of two Astor-funded trophies
Astor Cup [1893]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Co., New York, (1893) Commissioned by: John Jacob Astor Height: 9 inches (22.9 cm) Width: 23 ½ inches ( 59.7 cm) Depth: 17 inches (43.2 cm) Material: .925 Sterling Silver Weight: 195.51 troy ounces Marks: TIFFANY & CO., 11690 MAKERS 3424, STERLING SILVER, 925-1000, 24 PINTS Original Cost: $376.95 ($12,041.63 in 2022) Format: “Footed bowl of waisted form with undulating rim mimicking waves, applied swaying seagrass fronds frame the acid etched inscription which circles the bowl, figureheads to either side blow on conch sell in victory, set upon a domed base of waves raised on cast shellform feet. Silver with etching and chasing.” Engraving: ASTOR CUPS WON BY Vigilant NEWPORT, RI 1893 “Background: This is one of two cups commissioned by John J. Astor for a three-day race held for American contenders of the America's Cup. On August 17, 1893 the day after the [New York Yacht Club annual] cruise ended, the America's Cup candidates raced fifteen miles to the windward and return from Brenton Reef Lightship in "a good whole-sale southeaster, somewhat of a lumpy sea, the beginning of a two-day series for two $600 cups presented by John J. Astor, the conditions somewhat unusual. The first day's winner received a cup but, if beaten on the second day, raced on a third day against the second day's winner, the winner of the third race to Version 1.3
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receive both cups. Vigilant won on the first day over Jubilee and Colonia in that order, Pilgrim carried away her gaff and did not finish. Next day Vigilant defeated Pilgrim, her sole opponent, by over twenty minutes in a light sou'wester and gained possession of both cups." (The History of the New York Yacht Club, p.154-155). As anticipated, Vigilant went on to win the America's Cup. Launched June 14, 1893, Vigilant was a centerboard sloop designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff and built by the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company. Vigilant was owned by a syndicate, led by Charles Oliver Iselin which included E.D. Morgan, August Belmont, and Cornelius Vanderbilt, among many others. Vigilant, skippered by Nathanael Green Herreshoff, went on to win the 1893 America's Cup, the first of five defenders designed by Herreshoff that won five America's Cup races. Sold at auction November 17, 2020 for $50,000” sale]
[Description by Heritage Auctions, Dallas TX at the time of
The Commodore Caldwell H. Colt Cup Larchmont Yacht Club
(Originally Intended for Award August 31, 1893) (Awarded several years later )
Designer: Silversmith Whiting Manufacturing Co., 692 Broadway at 4th St. NYC Commissioned by: Caldwell H. Colt, LYC for a competition between America’s Cup Defenders: Vigilant, Colonia, Jubilee and Pilgrim. Height: 20 inches (50.8 cm) Length: 23 inches (58.42 cm) Original Value: $1,000 (1895) ($30,883 in 2021) Material: .925 Sterling silver Hallmark: stamped on bottom Format: A Sterling silver nautical representation, with “long, sweeping lines of the defenders’ yachts; the back part represents the form of the carvel, in commemoration of Columbian year; sides show mermaids in inspiring poses, urging on a trio of sea horses in a chase for supremacy. The graceful figure of Victory at the extreme end of the prow stands ready to give the victors the prize. The lower part of the body follows the lines of the cup defenders of the America’s Cup. The keel of the caravel forms itself into four feet, made up of handsome shells, seaweed and similar embellishments. The rear of the caravel is richly decorated. The decorations on the feet are cast and applied while those on the body are etched and applied. On the rim (front) is “The Commodore’s Cup. 1893” while on the stern is the seal of the Larchmont Yacht Club.”
Yacht Vigilant Trophy New York Yacht Club
[1893] Designer: Charles Osborne (likely) (1893) Silversmith: Whiting Manufacturing Co., Broadway & 18th Street, New York Height: inches (cm) (research continuing) Width: inches (cm) Material: Sterling silver .925 Weight: troy ounces Hallmark: Whiting Mfg. Co Sterling NY 1895 (on bottom) Format: Sterling silver vase with four (4) feet. Bulb section bears two silver figures: a bowman and a woman with a shield and spear.
Engraved: “To the owners of the “Vigilant,” from the New York Yacht Club, to commemorate her victory over the “Valkyrie.” In defense of “America’s” Cup, 1893 Awarded by the New York Yacht Club to the Yacht Vigilant for defeating (3:0|1) the Yacht Valkyrie II in the 8th America’s Cup races, October 7-13, 1893 at New York City. Vigilant was owned by Edwin D. Morgan Syndicate and skippered by William Hansen with Helmsman Nathanael Green Herreshoff.
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Defender Trophy
New York Yacht Club
[1895] Silversmith: Black, Starr and & Frost Silversmiths, NYC [1810-present] Commissioned by: New York Yacht Club, NYC [1895] Height: 1 8 inches (45.72 cm) Width over handles: 13 ¾ inches (48.08 cm) Depth: 11 inches (27.94 cm) Material: Sterling Silver 0.962 Format: Two scallop shells and seaweed designs on handles. Scene of two tritons struggling in waves and head of woman coming out of water to right of tritons appear in high relief on surface. Men’s forms and woman’s face were cast in silver and applied to the Cup which was both chased and engraved. Recipient: William K. Vanderbilt (yacht Defender) upon successful 1895 defense of America’s Cup against Valkyrie III challenge. (Defender won the first race by 8:48; lost second race to Valkyrie III by 00:47 but was awarded the win on Valkyrie II disqualification for fouling Defender. Defender awarded third race when Valkyrie III withdrew after crossing start line.)
W. Gould Brokaw Cup New York Yacht Club
[1899] Silversmith: Black, Starr and Frost, New York, c.1899 Height: 14 ¼ inches (36.20 cm) Length: 21 ¼ inches (54 cm) Width: 17 inches (43.18 cm) Material: Sterling silver 0.925 Format: Punch bowl with “two laughing mermaids, four horses and rococo waves on a plain bowl” 208 Engraving: The applied inscription on the stem reads: The First Trial Race Between Columbia and Defender Newport, R. I. September 2, 1899 Offered by Capt. W. Gould Brokaw, N.Y.Y.C. Won by Columbia.
Goelet Cup
Eastern Yacht Club (in trust) [1924]
REPLICA OF THE ORIGINAL PURITAN CUP WON BY MYSTIC C.D. & P.R. MALLORY 1924 SILVERSMITH: Black, Starr & Frost, New York (1924) Height: 14 ½ inches (36.8 cm) Material: Sterling silver 0.925 Format: Body-applied and etched with swimming mermaids and seaweed, the sides etched with presentation inscriptions, the sides and base engraved with later presentation inscriptions.
208
Antiques Magazine Sept 1977 p505.
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Inscriptions:
New York Yacht Club Cruise Newport, Aug. 2nd Won by the Puritan
Given by the owners of the PURITAN Oct. 29, 1885 to the EASTERN YACHT CLUB in trust. To be awardee each year to the Yacht belonging to the Club making the best corrected time over the course in the First Annual Regatta. [Names of those yachts that have won the regatta are engraved on the base starting in 1886 and continue on to the side ending in 1924.
New York Yacht Club Cup New York Yacht Club [1926]
Silversmith: Crichton & Co. Ltd, 636 Fifth Avenue, NY, NY [1926] Width (cup): Width (overall): Height: Base diameter: Weight: Hallmark: Crichton & Co. Ltd. | New York (on bottom) Format: Sterling silver footed cup with two (2) jug-handles and a removable, domed lid with finale. In 1926 this trophy was put up as a perpetual cup by the New York Yacht Club (NYYC) at the suggestion of Commodore George Nichols (1878-1950) to be held by the Club and awarded annually by the Flag Officers to a yacht of any recognized yacht club winning a series of races under the Rules of the Club in a class or combination of classes in which the Flag Officers considered would bring the greatest benefit to the sport of yachting in that year. If no classes were considered worthy in any given year, the award need not be made that year. Any size of yachts were eligible. Certain of the conditions may be altered by the Flag Officers at least six months prior to the race. Crichton & Co. Ltd. was established in 1890 by Lionel Alfred Crichton and went out of business in the 1950’s. Engraving: (front) The New York Yacht Club
1865
Engraving in circle: NEW YORK YACHT CLUB
incorporated
NOS AGIMUR TUMIDIS VELIS (We go with swelling sails)
ORGANIZED
1844 [etched sailing vessels]
Winners of the New York Yacht Club Cup 1926 1927 1928 1929 1944 1958 1967 1970 1971
The Cups
Yankee (Class R Sloop) Carolina (Class M Sloop) (not A-C related) Tycoon (Class M Sloop) (not A-C related) Prestige (Class M Sloop) (not A-C related) Golliwogg (Cruising Class) (not A-C related) Vim (12-Metre Class) Intrepid (12-Metre Class) Intrepid (12-Metre Class) Class I Nepentihe (Sloop) (not A-C related)
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Enterprise Medallion
[front side]
[1930] Designer/Manufacturer: Medallic Art & Co. N.Y. (1930) Consignee: Enterprise Syndicate Material: Cast Bronze Diameter: 2 ½ inch (63.4 mm) (v) Weight: 122.8g (v) Format: Bronze coin medallion cast in 1930 and awarded to the crew of yacht ENTERPRISE. This exemplar is on display at Mr. Vanderbilt’s Marble House, Newport RI. ENTERPRISE SYNDICATE TO VICTORIOUS ENTERPRISE CREW WINTHROP W.ALDRICH
MANAGING OWNER AND NAVIGATOR
HAROLD S. VANDERBILT CAPTAIN AND HELMSMAN
CHARLES F. HAVERMEYER ASSISTANT HELMSMAN
C.SHERMAN HOYT IN CHARGE OF SAILS
W.S.BURGESS DESIGNER IN CHARGE OF RIGGING
[reverse side]
W.W.ALDRICH ֍VINCENT ASTOR֍E.W.CLARK֍F.L.CARLISLE֍C.F.BAKER JR֍H.W.VANDERBILT <<raised depiction of Enterprise and Shamrock V>> ENTERPRISE VERSUS SHAMROCK V AMERICA’S CUP RACES OFF NEWPORT – MCMXXX ֍ ENTERPRISE WON FOUR RACES ֍
Vanderbilt Crystal Trophy Cup [1937]
Studio: Arthur S. Vernay, Inc. New York and Newport RI Commissioned by: Mike Vanderbilt Quantity produced: 25 units Height: 7 ¾ inches (20 cm) Width: 10 inches (cm) Format: Crystal trophy cup set with two frosted glass dolphinform handles. Front of the cup bears an engraving of the Defender Ranger, set within a central plaque surmounted by an eagle and flanked on the right by a hand-colored United States Yacht Club and on the left by the burgee of the New York Yacht Club. This is flanked by engraved names of each winner of the previous races from 1870 to 1934. The rim engraved with an inscription set within a band of rope lines: The Sixteenth International Race for THE AMERICA’S CUP Below is engraved another inscription: TROPHY DEEDED TO N.Y.Y.C. 1857 KNOWN AS THE AMERICA’S CUP TO BE COMPETED FOR INTERNATIONALLY
Figure 53 Photo Chris Jussel Antiques - Mystic CT
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The reverse of the cup similarly engraved with a central plaque showing the challenger, Endeavor, surmounted with the English Lion passant, and flanked by a hand-colored English Naval Ensign of the White Squadron on the right and on the left by the burgee of the Royal Yacht Squadron. The plaque is flanked by the names of the Defender: Harold S. Vanderbilt New York Yacht Club and the Contender: T.O.M. Sopwith Royal Yacht Squadron Yacht Endeavor. Below is engraved: The Royal Yacht Squadron Trophy Competed for August 1851 Won by N.Y.Y.C. Schooner Yacht America. The foot is engraved: Won by Ranger – Score 4 to 0. Underneath the base is the inscription: Vernay New York Glass No. 23 Limited Edition of 25. The prominent antiques dealer, Arthur S. Vernay, Inc. of New York had a summer shop in Newport form 1929 through the summer of 1938. They designed and produced several interesting pieces of commemorative glass throughout the 1920’s and 1930’s. This was done after the famous race of 1937.
100 Year Anniversary Commemorative Bowl New York Yacht Club [1951]
Original Silversmith: Tiffany and Co., New York NY USA Original Donator: New York Yacht Club Item: 60-ounce (capacity) bowl Format: Traditional Paul Revere (USA) style Diameter: 10.25 inches (26.04 cm) Height: 6.00 inches (15.25 cm) Material: .925 Sterling Silver Silver Weight: grams Recipient: Royal Yacht Squadron, Cowes, England
Engraving: “Presented by the New York Yacht Club to the Royal Yacht Squadron in commemoration of the one-hundred years of Anglo-American participation in the sport of yacht racing, 1851-1951.” (100 years since America won at Cowes) “Each year the name of the winning yacht and her owner will be inscribed on it.” Cup was shipped to England on the liner Mauretania on June 7, 1951. [https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/05/25/84846383.html?pageNumber=36] 1971 1971 1971 1974 1987
Class II Arieto (Sloop) (not A-C related) Class III Crusader (Sloop) (not A-C related) Class IV Boomerang (Sloop) (not A-C related) Intrepid (12 Metre Class) Intrepid Syndicate Stars & Stripes SailAmerica (Dennis Conner)
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1994 NYYCTeam (IMS) (not A-C related) 1995 – 2000 Not awarded 2001 Australia II John E. Bertram and Skip Lessiman 2002 -- 2008 Not awarded
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The Herbert C. Pell, Jr. Challenge Cup Ida Lewis Yacht Club / RYS [1958]
Approximate Height: 19 cm (7.5 inches) Approximate Diameter: 45.5 cm (17.91 inches) American Walnut Base (added 2021): 15 x 15 x 3 inches
Engraving (Front): Pell Cup R.Y.S. America’s Cup Challenger I.L.Y.C. Engraving (Rear):
Herbert Claiborne Pell, Jr. (1884-1961)
1958 “Sceptre” E. A. Maxwell R.Y.S. (1st) 1962 “Gretel” Frank Packer R.S.Y.S. (2nd) 1964 “Sovereign” Anthony Boyden R.T.Y.C. (3rd) 1967 “Dame Pattie” E. Christensen R.S.Y.S. (4th) 1970 “Gretel II” Frank Packer R.S.Y.S. (5th) * vs. France 1974 “Southern Cross” Alan Bond R.P.Y.C. (6th)* vs. France 1977 “Australia” Alan Bond S.C.Y.C. (7th) *vs. Severge, Gretel II, France I 1980 “Australia” Alan Bond S.C.Y.C. (8th) * 1983 “Australia II” Alan Bond R.P.Y.C. (9th) 1987 “Stars & Stripes” Malin Burnham S.D.Y.C. (10th) 1988 “New Zealand” Michael Fay, David Richwhite M.B.B.C. (11th) 1992 “Il Moro de Venezia” Raul Gardini C.D.V. (12th) 1995 “Black Magic NZL 32” RNZYS (13th) 2000 “Luna Rossa ITA 45” Patrizio Bertelli YCPA (14th) 2003 “Alinghi SUI-64” Ernesto Bertarelli S.N.G. (15th) 2007 “Emirates TNZ NZL-92” R.N.Z.Y.C. (16th) 2010 “Oracle BMW USA-17” Larry Ellison G.G.Y.C. (17th) 2013 “Emirates TNZ “Aotearoa” R.N.Z.Y.S. (18th) 2017 “Emirates TNZ “Aotearoa” R.N.Z.Y.S .(19th) 2021 “Luna Rossa Prada Perelli” Patrizio Bertelli C.D.V.S. (20th) 2024 “INEOS Brittania” James Ratcliffe R.Y.S. (21st)
The Herbert C. Pell Cup is a Paul Revere-style bowl trophy that is awarded to the Challenging Club for the America’s Cup by the Ida Lewis Yacht Club (170 Wellington Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island 02840, USA). The trophy is a Sterling silver-plated, 17.91-inch (45.5 cm) diameter, 7.5-inch (19 cm) high, pedestal-style Revere bowl is engraved with the cup information on the front (“A-side”) and with the year, yacht, syndicate manager and yacht club designation on the rear (“C-side”) representing winners from 1958 to 2017. In 2020, a 3-inch (7.62 cm) high, 15 x 15 inch (38 X 38 cm) American Walnut base with four attached Sterling silver engraving plates was added to allow adequate room to engrave the 2021 Pell Cup winner and recognize future awardees. Version 1.3
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The origin of the Pell cup is interesting – according to a 1992 letter from U. S. Senator Claiborne (deBorda) Pell (Rhode Island), the bowl had originally been won by his father’s brother, Clarence Cecil Pell, who was a world racquets (tennis) champion. The bowl was then donated to the Royal Yacht Squadron (RYS) on 2 February 1960 by Claiborne’s father, Herbert Claiborne Pell, Jr., “a British Yachtsman in an effort to find worthy challengers for the America’s Cup.” Mr. Pell was a New York congressman (1919-1921) and the diplomatic Minister to Portugal (1937) and Hungry (1941), and the father of Senator Pell and made his home in Newport, RI. The 1958 “Sceptre” win was recognized, backdated, by R.Y.S. when the Pell Cup was created in 1960. A travel case is supplied with the Pell Cup for International transportation. Unlike America’s Cup which is “deeded,” the Pell Cup is considered “on loan” from the ILYC to the yacht club represented by the challenging yacht. It may be displayed in the clubhouse of that yacht club and must be returned upon request of the ILYC in a timely fashion for awarding to the next Challenger. (see “Memorandum – Loan Receipt” at ACC DEEDS). The cup went “missing for a while” when it was in the possession of Anthony Boyden (1964 Sovereign) but was returned via HRH Prince Michael who brought it with him to the races in Newport RI in 1967. It had been found in “a closet” at the RYS in Cowes. The ILYC maintains responsibility for having the engraving updated.
Pell Cup “Keeper Trophy” Ida Lewis Yacht Club / RYS [1960 - ]
Upon return of the Pell Cup to the Ida Lewis Yacht Club for transfer to a new challenger, the prior holder is awarded a permanent “Keeper” – a 6 1/4-inch, 10-ounce silver plated (on brass) cup manufactured by Koley’s Inc., Omaha NB. On August 10, 1992, Sen. Pell was advised that the original “Keeper” trophy supply had been exhausted, at which time Pell placed an order for ten (10) additional Cups from Philip J. Tally and Co. of Cranston, RI which were forwarded to the Ida Lewis Yacht Club for “safekeeping and distribution as the races unfold.” Tally arranged for the pre-engraving of the “Pell Cup – America’s Cup Challenger” lines by a local jeweler; with the remainder of the engraving (winner/dates) arranged by ILYC upon award. Pell Cup America’s Cup Challenger Year - Yacht - Club
Memorable quote: “What’s not to like about a prize earned by winning OR losing?” [Eve Pell]
Caritas Cup
New York Yacht Club
[1958] Presented to the New York Yacht Club in 1958 by Commodore J. Burr Bartram for racing in the 12-Metre Class without Time Allowance. The cup is named for several large power yachts owned by his father, J. Percy Bartram and enrolled in the New York Yacht Club during the early 20th century. The word derives from a painting in the Louvre depicting All the Good Things in Life. It has been raced for on the Annual Cruise in America’s Cup years. 1958 1964 1967 1970 1974 1977
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Winners of the Caritas Cup Columbia Henry Sears Constellation Constellation Syndicate Columbia Thomas P. Dougan Intrepid William P. Ficker – Helmsman Intrepid Jerry Driscoll – Helmsman Enterprise Lowell North – Helmsman Page 206 of 335
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1980 Enterprise 1983 Freedom 1985 Cannonball^ 1994 Kiwi Magic* 1997 Fiddler^ 1998-99-02
Jack Sutphrin - Helmsman Jack Sutphrin – Helmsman Charles A. Robertson (^12-Mtr - non-AC) William I. Koch (*chartered) Alfred S. VanLiew II (^12-Mtr – non-AC) (Not Awarded)
Chandler Hovey Gold Bowl New York Yacht Club [1958]
A New York Yacht Club trophy first presented in 1958 by Captain Chandler Hovey primarily for annual competition in the International 12-Metre Class. It is awarded to the yacht selected by Trials to defend the America’s Cup. In other years it is awarded to the yacht with the highest percentage in the Club’s races after July 1 for the Class. If, in future years, the Twelve Metre Class should cease to exist as a racing class, the Flag officers may offer the bowl for competition on the above terms in any other class designated by them. As the America’s Cup is now sailed in other Classes (AC45, AC50, AC75), the Bowl is offered for competition in that class and in a Cup year is awarded to the defender selected by trials. Winners of the Chandler Hovey Gold Bowl 1959 Weatherly (12 Metre) Henry D Mercer 1960 Weatherly (12 Metre) Henry D Mercer 1961 Weatherly (12 Metre) Henry D Mercer 1962 Weatherly (12 Metre) Henry D Mercer 1964 Constellation (12 Metre) Constellation Syndicate 1967 Intrepid (12 Metre) Intrepid Syndicate 1970 Intrepid (12 Metre) Intrepid Syndicate 1974 Courageous (12 Metre) Courageous Syndicate 1977 Courageous (12 Metre) Kings Point Fund, Inc. 1980 Freedom (12 Metre) Maritime College at Fort Schuyler Foundation, Inc. 1983 Liberty (IACC) Maritime College at Fort Schuyler Foundation, Inc. 1987 Kookaburra Taskforce ‘87 1992 America3 (IACC) America3 Foundation 1994 Fiddler (12 Metre) Alfred B. VenLiew II (no AC related award) 1995 Cannonball (12 Metre) Charles A. Robertson (no AC related award) 1995 Young America (IACC) Team Dennis Conner 1996 (no award this year) 1997 Fiddler (12 Metre) Alfred B. VenLiew II (no AC related award) 1998 Fury (12 Metre) Paul Campbell, Jr. (no AC related award) 1999-2008 (not awarded since)
Briggs S. Cunningham Trophy [Research Continues] [1958]
City of Newport Trays [Research Continues] [9/26/1958]
Presented by the Mayor of the City of Newport to representatives of the syndicates representing the Yachts Sceptre and Columbia
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Defender’s Cup [7/19/1962]
“The yacht selected to defend the America’s Cup will receive a trophy from Governor Notte the week before the actual Cup races start. It will be known as the Defender’s Cup and will be paid for out of state funds allocated for yachting activities in Rhode Island. The 28-inch trophy will be decorated with a miniature statue of the Winged Victory and models of the four 12-meter yachts. The names of the winning yacht’s owner, designer, captain and crew also will be inscribed.” “9/6/62 Gov. John A. Notte, acting for the State of Rhode Island will present the Defender Cup to Weatherly's owner Henry D. Mercer, in a brief ceremony at 4:30 this afternoon at the Newport Ship Yard. City and state officials and a number of prominent yachtsmen are expected to be on hand.” “9/7/62 NEWPORT, R. I. (AP) - Gov. John A. Notte of Rhode Island Thursday presented the Defender Cup to Henry D. Mercer, owner of Weatherly which has been chosen the United States yacht to defend the America’s Cup against Australian challenger Gretel later this month. The handsome 28-inch-high trophy was inscribed with the names of Mercer, Skipper Emil (Bus) Mosbacher and all Weatherly's crew. Mosbacher and Douglas Mercer were the only members of the crew here for the presentation. The rest are due Friday and Weatherly is expected to resume sailing Saturday with Easterner. The Defender Cup was financed out of Rhode Island State funds. Henry Mercer received the credit due to his efforts with Weatherly when Governor Notte presented him the Defender Cup yesterday at the Newport Ship Yard. Purchased by the State of Rhode Island, the cup went to the American 12-meter sloop which will attempt to keep the America’s Cup away from Gretel’s Australian challenge later this month. Several hundred spectators viewed the presentation on the pier yesterday. Admiral J. S. Dorsey of the. Naval Base said: “We’re happy to see Weatherly get this cup. We hope she’ll get another one very soon!” “It looks like a second America's Cup! ” exclaimed Governor Notte in presenting the trophy. “Only it’s a little better!” joked Mercer. 'The America’s Cup is an ungainly 100 guinea trophy without a bottom. “SMILES — Governor Notte presents the Defender Cup to Weatherly’s owner, Henry Mercer, center, and skipper Bus Mosbacher, yesterday at the Newport Shipyard. Mercer is the head of a syndicate which constructed the 12-meter sloop for the 1958 trials. She whipped Nefertiti, Columbia and Easterner this year for the right to meet Australia’s Gretel later this month.” [Newspaper coverage from Newport Daily News, Providence Journal and others]
Nathanael G. Herreshoff Trophy New York Yacht Club Julian K. Roosevelt [1962]
The Nathanael G. Herreshoff Trophy is US Sailing’s most prestigious award. It was donated in 1957 by the National Marine Manufacturer’s Association and is awarded annually to an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to the sport of sailing in this country in any associated activity. 2021 – Gary Bodie 2020 – Chuck Hawley 2019 – Dave Perry 2018 – Thomas & Barbara Farquhar 2017 – Malin Burnham 2016 – Hunt & Betsy Lawrence 2015 – Mary Savage 2014 – Stan Honey 2013 – Dave Irish 2012 – Dick Rose 2011 – David D. Rosekrans 2010 – James P. Muldoon
The Cups
2009 – Terry Kohler 2008 – Roy E. Disney 2007 – Bob Hobbs 2006 – Susie Trotman 2005 – Lawrence A. White 2004 – Not Presented 2003 – Bill Martin 2002 – Faye R. Bennet 2001 – Andrew Kostanecki 2000 – Carl Eichenlaub 1999 – Gary Jobson Page 208 of 335
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1977 – W. Van Alan Clark, Jr. 1976 – Cornelius Shields 1975 – Robert N. Bavier, Jr. 1974 – William S. Cox 1973 – George Hinman 1972 – Harry C. Melges, Jr. 1971 – J. Amory Jefferies 1970 – F. Gregg Bemis 1969 – Paul H. Smart 1968 – Harold Sterling Vanderbilt 1967 – Everett B. Morris 1966 – Allegra Knapp Mertz 1965 – Leonard Mumm Fowle 1964 – Olin J. Stephens, II 1963 – R.S. Stevenson 1962 – Julian K. Roosevelt 1961 – James N. Trenary 1960 – George D. O’Day 1958 – Henry S. Morgan 1957 – Henry Sears
1998 – Arthur J. Wullschleger 1997 – Frederick D. King* 1996 – Helen Ingerson 1995 – Cy Gillette 1994 – William Bentsen 1993 – C. Gaither Scott 1992 – Timothea S. Larr 1991 – William H. Lynn* 1990 – Charles M. Kober 1989 – James M. Schoonmaker, II 1988 – Dick McCurdy 1987 – Mark Baxter* 1986 – Lynn G. Stedman, Jr. 1985 – Arthur Knapp, Jr. 1984 – Samuel V. Merrick 1983 – Harman Hawkins 1982 – Richard S. Latham 1981 – Roger W. Brett 1980 – Patrick E. Haggarty 1979 – Henry H. Anderson, Jr. 1978 – Theodore E. Tolson, Jr. * awarded posthumously
Governor’s Gift [1964]
Studio:
Gorham Silver Company Providence, RI Commissioned by: State of Rhode Island, Governor’s Office {1964] Dimensions: 13 ¾ inches (35 cm) in diameter Format: Chippendale-style silver tray with engraving of America’s Cup defender yacht Constellation Awarded to: Syndicate and Crew of yacht Constellation for securing the right to defend America’s Cup in 1964
[Engraved on the Tray:] Constellation United States Defender America’s Cup Races September 1964 [yacht engraving] Presented by Governor John H. Chafee on behalf of the People of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
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The New York Yacht Club Medal New York Yacht Club [1964-]
The medal (at left) was first awarded in 1964 to the members of the Constellation America’s Cup syndicate as an expression of the Club’s appreciation. Since 1985, the flag officers of the New York Yacht Club have periodically awarded the New York Yacht Club Medal in recognition of achievements of particular merit or outstanding contributions to the Club or yachting in general. Engraving: NEW YORK YACHT CLUB 1844 NOS AGIMUR TUMIDIS VELIS (We go with swelling sails)
New York Yacht Club Medal Awardees 1964 1967 1968 1971 1974 1980 1980 1988 1993 1994 1996 2003 2005 2006 2009 2012 2016 2017
Constellation Syndicate F. Briggs Dalzell, Fleet Captain Dr. Cortez F. Enlow, Power Yacht Cmdr. William Burnham, Chair House Committee |Robert W. McCulbugh, Courageous Syndicate |F. Briggs Dawsell, Courageous Syndicate |J. Burr Batram, Jr., Courageous Syndicate Ms. Eleanor Stevens Baron Marcel Bich Arthur T. Wullschlerer, America II Syndicate William I. Koch, America3 Syndicate Olin J. Stephens Comm. Henry H. Anderson, Jr. Comm. Robert G. Stone Comm. Frank V. Sayder Mason S. Chrisman Gary Jobson, Yachting Commentator George W. Carmay III Dennis Conner (17th Awardee) Ted Turner (18th Awardee)
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Knickerbocker Yacht Club Centennial Trophy [1974 – 2002]
Silversmith: Commissioned:
Gorham Manufacturing Co., Providence RI Knickerbocker Yacht Club (1973)
This cup was presented to the New York Yacht Club in 1973 by the Knickerbocker Yacht Club to commemorate their Centennial in 1974. It was awarded to the skipper of the yacht selected by the Race Committee as runner up in the New York Yacht Club trials for each America’s Cup match and a keeper prize was to be given him by the Knickerbocker Yacht Club. The Knickerbocker Yacht Club unfortunately folded in 2009 due to declining membership and alternate value of the club property. Format: (see Deed of Trust in Compendium – The Deeds) Engraving – Top The Knickerbocker Yacht Club Centennial Trophy 1874 -1974 The Officers and Governors For Outstanding Performance as Runner Up in the America’s Cup Trials Winners of Knickerbocker Yacht Club Centennial Trophy 1974 Intrepid J. Gerald Driscoll III 1977 Enterprise (t) Lowell O. North and Malin Burnham Independence (t) Fredrick E. Hood 1980 Clipper Russell H. Long (not AC related) 1983 Courageous John W. Kolius 1987 New Zealand Chris Dickson 1992 Stars & Stripes Dennis Conner 1995 Young America Kevin Mahaney 2000 AmericaOne Paul Cayard 2001-2 (Not Awarded) Current Location: NYYC 4th Floor Trophy Case, top shelf
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Swedish Challenge Trophy [1980]
A sculpture showing the Statue of Liberty with her mouth open as if screaming, holding the Cup while warding off a Viking who is determined to wrest the Cup from her. The nine-foot high (2.74 m), 400 kg ( 881.9 lb.) sculpture was the work of Swedish artists Lennart Pettersson and Sten Ridderland reportedly had a value (1980) of $60,000 ($194.400 in 2022), was made of 2,000 laminated pieces of Swedish pine and was awarded to the Australian syndicate for being chosen as challenger. It had been on display at the Newport Art Association and the Swedish Information Center on Thames Street all summer. [Newport: This Week 9/12/1980] The Swedes put up the trophy with the proviso that if the challenger won the America’s Cup, it would give this trophy to the New York Yacht Club to stand in place of the Cup. It was presented by Peter Rhedin to Alan Bond, Warren Jones and Jim Hardy. (Reportedly, it was shipped (by boat – it was too big to fly) to Australia for about six months then returned to Commodore Anderson in Sweden)
America’s Plate
(formerly America’s Cup) [1983] Presented to: Ben Lexcen, Australia II’s designer Presented by: Robert F. Stone, Commodore, NYYC Engraving: “Plymouth” Material: Chrome-plated steel Provenance: “Made by early Americans in Plymouth, Massachusetts” (according to (a smiling) Commodore Stone). In reality, a damaged hubcap from a 1970-72 Plymouth Satellite automobile. Size: ~14-inch (35.56 cm) diameter. Format: Award is a chrome automobile hubcap which was repeatedly run over and crushed, reportedly by a Newport RI police cruiser. Background: Prior to the completion of the races, Australia II Designer Ben Lexcen (Robert Clyde Miller) commented that if his yacht won the Cup, he was going to run over it with a steamroller and call it the America’s Plate. NYYC Commodore Robert F. Stone indicated that there was no need for Ben to crush the Cup as the NYYC had already taken care of it. At the AC transfer ceremony at Marble House in Newport RI, September 22, 1983, Lexcen held it aloft “like a Wimbledon trophy.” [Lexcen passed away at 52 on May 1, 1988 of a heart attack]
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Moet America’s Cup Salmanazar Trophy (1987)
Designer: Carol Iselin and David Sugar Studio: Inner Light Crystal Height: 25 ¼ inches (64 cm) Width: 7 ½ inches (19.05 cm) Format: Salmanazar (equivalent of 12 bottles/312 oz/9 liters) In 1987, Moet & Chandon, the official America's Cup Champagne presented a 'SALMANAZAR' to the winning club. Engraved in New York and shipped to Australia, The America's Cup Salmanazar was created by Carol Iselin and David Sugar of Inner Light Crystal, with a detailed rendering of the America's Cup trophy and the continent Australia on the front. The rear of the Salmanazar depicts a dueling tack between two twelve-meter yachts. According to Moet & Chandon’s chairman and chief executive officer Yves Ber nard, "Moet is delighted to be part of the America's Cup. The cup is the pinnacle of all yacht racing just as Moet is the finest of Champagnes. It's also most appropriate, as the first spray a twelve-meter yacht receives is that of Champagne!" INNER LIGHT CRYSTAL Carol Iselin and David Sugar are two glass artists who work together under the studio name Inner Light Crystal. Their reputation as distinguished crystal engravers are well established, both for private and retail commissions. Inner Light Crystal designed and engraved, from 1978 to 1982, the "Oriental Collection" for Tiffany & Co In I980 they began engraving on full (and uncorked) bottles of Dom Perignon Champagne. These remarkable bottles are in the collections of an international "who's who," including Malcolm Forbes, Mary McFadden, Ashford & Simpson, Barbra Streisand, Lena Horne, Zubin Mehta and Julio Iglesias. The engraved Champagne bottles appear in the collections of the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, and the Corning Class Museum. Pieces are being acquired by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. , and the Victoria & Albert Museum. The Moet America’s Cup Salmanazar Trophy was presented to the 26th America’s Cup Winner (1987) Stars & Stripes on 4 February 1987 after their 4:0 win over Kookaburra III in Australia.
America’s Cup Match Trophy
First official recognition of a syndicate. Glass sculpture resembling a main sail and spinnaker sits upright on a circular bronze base with
a large opal in the middle. It was presented to Malin Burnham and Sail America Foundation for International Understanding.
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Citizen Cup [1992-1995]
Designer: Tiffany & Co. Holloware Workshop Design Studio: Tiffany & Co. (1994) Hollowware Workshop Parsippany, NJ Consignee: Citizen Watch Company of America (1994) Height: (overall): 20 inches (50.8 cm) Height: (silver cup only): 15 1/16 inches (38.10 cm) (11 ¾” trophy + 3 ½” sailboat finial) Width: (overall at handles) 15 9/16 inches (39.50 cm) Width: (top bowl) 11 3/8 inches diameter (28.89 cm) Width: (rim of lid): 9 9/16 inches diameter (24.28 cm) Width: (at foot) 5 3/4 inches (14.60 cm) Width: (at bottom of plinth) 9 ½ inches diameter (24.13 cm) Weight: 115 troy oz (3,260 grams) (7.88 lbs.) Weight: (base): 6 lbs. (2.72 kg) Material: (cup): 0.925 Sterling silver Material: (base): A mix of maple and plywood, coated in black lacquer. [Tiffany refers to this material as “ebonized”, but it does not contain ebony.] Hallmark: T. & Co. (undetermined. Trophy marking standards for this mfg. year) Format: Trophy is a spun (from two discs) Sterling silver bowl (polished exterior/satin interior) with two small cast "ear-style," opposing handles and a removable lid. Bowl is supported on a spun hollow silver stem (spun from 6 discs) mounted to a spun silver foot. The entire cup is set upon a black lacquered wood plinth encapsulating a silver collar engraved with an (undefined) burgee and "The Citizen Cup". The removable lid is 9 9/16-inch (24.28 cm) in diameter, with a 3 ½ inch-tall, silver finial adorned with two IACC-class yachts hand-fabricated in silver. The Lid is hand engraved with "CITIZEN * CUP * CITIZEN * CUP'' in hatch-filled serif lettering. No other engraving appears on the Cup. The trophy was created by the spinners, silversmiths and finishers at Tiffany & Co. at their Hollowware Workshop (then) in Parsippany, New Jersey, USA, and reportedly took some 150 hours to complete. Tiffany & Co. delivered the Cup in its distinctive flannel protective bag inside an iconic Tiffany Blue Box. The CITIZEN CUP was awarded in 1992 and 1995. The trophy acknowledges both the classical and modern by combining the graceful lines of the Cup with the finial which is a silver replica of the two IACC yachts.
[engraved on the TOP of the Cup:] CITIZEN CUP CITIZEN CUP [engraved on the Base of the Cup:] [BURGEE]
The Citizen Cup _________¤_________
The Citizen Cup was unveiled on Saturday, 29 October 1994 at San Diego. Citizen Watch Company of America, 1200 Wall Street West, Lyndhurst, NJ displayed the trophy at the Feb 23, 1995 at the AC Hall of Fame Inductees event at the Stevens Institute of Technology, by Laurence R. Grunstein, President of Citizen Watch. “Citizen Watch Company of America Introduces the Citizen Cup. Just as the Louis Vuitton Company has long been identified through its trophy for the winner of the America’s Cup Challenger Trials, the Citizen Watch Company became the leading backer of the Defender Trials. In 1992, Citizen Watch Company was selected to design a revolutionary new timing system for the races. In 1995, Citizen was not just timing the races, because for the first time, the Citizen Cup was awarded to the winner of the Defender Series. Citizen Cup in hand, that team earned the honor of competing with the winner of the Louis Vuitton Challenger’s Cup for the ultimate prize, America’s Cup. Citizen commissioned Tiffany & Co. of New York to fabricate this beautiful silver trophy of striking design. Laurence Grunstein, President of Citizen Watch Company of America, introduced the Citizen Cup to a distinguished gathering of the America’s Cup Hall of Fame. “Stevens Institute and the Herreshoff Museum shared pride in recognizing this very important trophy that became the focus of American excellence in yacht racing.”
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Design and Innovation Award
[May 1992] Silversmith: Tiffany & Co. Format: Conical Bowl from Frank Lloyd Wright Collection (1992) Material: Sterling silver .925 Awardee: Presented at the San Diego Yacht Club to US technical team on Sunday, May 22, 1992 “Technology plus teamwork equals success,” said Stan Lacks. VP of AT&T Consumer Long Distance. “AT&T has always been a leader in technological innovation, but we know it takes people to create the technology and use it in a constant quest for excellence. It’s teamwork that makes it all happen – in America’s Cup and in everything we do.”
Aussie Cup Trophy
[1998] Freemantle, Western Australia keel maker Allen Vaughan (Castech Solutions, Freemantle W. AUS) was presented the “Aussie Cup” on 5 February 1998. Hardly a prestigious bauble, the “Aussie Cup” is a misshapen glob of spilled lead scraped off the floor of Don Huseman's Los Angeles area foundry. Mr. Huseman (40), the president of Keelco Inc. (Wilmington CA), nailed the trophy to the door of his foundry after he watched Australia II win the America’s Cup from Liberty — whose keel he made. “I decided to call it the ‘Aussie Cup’ and present it each challenge to the losing keel maker,” said the genial Californian, who made the keels for every U.S. challenge yacht except America II. Interesting aside: Keelco was said to produce their 12-M keels with a special formulation of lead which was actually heavier for the same volume.
President’s Award
San Diego Trial Lawyers Association
[2011] Large, silver plate presented to the America’s Cup crew by the San Diego Trial Lawyers Association. 18” Diameter silver plate with ½” rope edge AWARDED TO ETNZ 8/14/2011 {{AC logo}} FLEET RACE WINNER CASCAIS WORLD SERIES 2011 {{AC logo}} 9/17/2011 MATCH RACE WINNER PLYMOUTH WORLD SERIES 2011 ACWS CHAMPIONSHIP TROPHY NEWPORT 7/1/2012 ORACLE
Government of new Zealand medallion [May 1995]
Designer: Phillip O’Shea Dimensions: 63mm dia Material: Silver Format: Medallion awarded by the Government to Team New Zealand, San Diego, May 1995 to the crew of NZL32. New Zealand Herald of Arms. In box with description on top. Obverse of medal states 'PRESENTED TO THE CREW OF NZL32 "BLACK MAGIC" & SUPPORT PERSONNEL OF TEAM NEW ZEALAND ON WINNING THE AMERICA'S CUP SAN DIEGO U.S.A. 13 MAY 1995', with an image of the Cup and a silver fern. Reverse displays the New Zealand Coat of Arms encircled by the inscription "PRESENTED TO TEAM NEW ZEALAND BY THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND / 1995". Version 1.3
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THE LIPTON ERA
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Author’s Note: Sir Thomas Lipton himself, and subsequently the company he founded, Lipton Tea, and the yacht club that sponsored him, the RUYC of Northern Ireland, were prolific donators of silver trophies – not only to yachting but to other sporting ventures worldwide. Unfortunately, they were usually similarly named The Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Trophy. Here we acknowledge the most significant of the prizes – the Royal Ulster Lipton Cup and the New York Yacht Club Lipton Trophy
1899 America’s Cup Challenge Cup First Sir Thomas Lipton Attempt New York Yacht Club [1899]
Goldsmith: Commissioned by: Height: Width: Depth: Material:
Gorham Manufacturing Co. New York Yacht Club - 1899 1’2” (35.56 cm) 1’-0 ½” (31.75 cm) 1’-0 ½” (31.75 cm) 18 ct gold
Format: Loving Cup in 18-ct gold, with three (3) handles in the form of sea nymphs. Cup has three feet on an attached base. The trophy was awarded to Scots-Irish Sailor Sir Thomas Lipton on the occasion of what would be his first of five attempts at America’s Cup. The Cup pictures America with a shield clasping hands with Britannia holding a coat of arms representing England, Scotland and Ireland.
Sir Thomas Lipton Loving Cup [1930]
Designer: J. D. Nunan (Tiffany & Co.) Studio: Tiffany & Co (New York, NY USA) Commissioned by: Lipton Cup Fund (by its donors) Recipient: Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton, BART., KCVO Height overall: 18 inches (45.72 cm) Height of gold cup: 13 7/8 inches (35.16 cm) 248 mm x 295 mm x 225 mm Gold Cup material: 18 carat ( 2,180 grams) Width (of cup): 8 ¾ inches (22.23 cm) Width: (at handles) 12 inches (30.48 cm) Height of base: 4 1/8 inches (10.54 cm) Base: 8 inches square (20.32 cm) 125 mm x 192 mm x 192 mm Base Weight: 50 pounds (27.22 kg) 3,633.5 grams Base Material: Utah (USA) mined .965 Sterling silver Hallmark: “TIFFANY & Co. MAKERS 46935 STERLING SILVER AND 18 KT GOLD” Format: Cup is an eighteen-inch high “kantharos” with its base and is made of 18 carat gold, with two handles and a cover. Its base is of Sterling silver sent by several Utah mine owners. The gold upper cup is finished in a dull burnished color and the silver base is darkly oxidized. It was designed and created by J. D. Nunan at Tiffany & Co. (New York, NY Lipton Loving Cup USA). Surmounting the cover is a shell-like finial set in a collar of shamrock leaves. The outer edge of the cup has a rope border. On the front of the cup is an escutcheon in bold relief, bearing, in delicate detail, a representation of the America’s Cup, “the old mug” that Sir Thomas repeatedly tried to win in international yacht racing. The model is superimposed on the enameled shield of the United States. At the left of this device is an enameled insignia of the Royal Ulster Yacht Club, and at the right of it an enameled device of the private
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signal of Sir Thomas Lipton. The corners of the square foot of the cup bear shamrock designs. The names and symbols of the attributes of good sportsmanship appear on the four sides of the foot forming the base of the cup. Inscriptions: The outer edge of the cup has the inscription “In the name of hundreds of thousands of Americans and well-wishers of Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton, Bart., KCVO”. The upper part of the foot bears an inscription saying that Mayor Walker made the presentation on Dec. 4 in the name of subscribers to the Lipton Cup Fund. The front square bears clasped hands with ivy within a circle and the word “Fraternity” as an emblem of the yachtsman’s friendship for his fellow man. Another surface shows the sun’s rays with the word “Integrity,” for the truth and fair play. The third side has a lion with the word “Courage,” and the fourth side shows the spider and web with the word “Perseverance.” A TROPHY FOR NOT WINNING AMERICA’S CUP` “To the Editor of the New York Times: BEVERLY HILLS, Cal., Sept. 18 (1930) - What do you say to this? Let everybody send $1 apiece for a fund to buy a loving cup for Sir Thomas Lipton, bigger than the one he would have got if he had won, contributed to by everybody that really admires a fine sportsman. Send it to, I would suggest, a Lipton cup fund, in care of Mayor Walker in New York. Let Jimmy buy it and present it on behalf of everybody, with an inscription along this line, “To possibly the world’s most cheerful loser. You have been a benefit to mankind, Sir Thomas. You have made losing worth while.” Now get going and send Jimmy a buck. Yours, WILL ROGERS” “I think that’s a very lovely suggestion and a very fine thing for Will to do.” Mayor Walker declared last night when informed of Will Rogers’s suggestion. “I’ll be very happy to cooperate in any way. I think it would be well to have a committee handle the subscriptions and they might also decide as to just how the cup should be inscribed.” The Mayor admitted that the inscription suggested by Mr. Rogers might need revising. “That’s just Will’s way of putting it,” he said. “Let him have his joke for the moment. We can decide afterward as to how it should read.” “Nevertheless,” Mayor Walker continued, “I’m wholly in accord with the suggestion for subscriptions, and you can count on me to aid in every possible way. It’s in line with my own sentiments. I wired Sir Thomas this afternoon telling him that while there may be some doubt about his ability to win the cup there was no doubt about his ability to capture our hearts” [New York Times Letters to the Editor Page, September 19, 1930]
Mr. Rogers was an extremely popular cowboy, stage actor, philosopher and humorist syndicated in over 300 newspapers in the 1930’s. The public contributed $16,000 in ten days. (each $1 contribution in 1930 is equal to $15.14 (or $242,301 total) in 2021) At noon on Thursday, December 4, 1930, Mayor James J. Walker, John F. Fitzgerald, Former Mayor of Boston and Baron Collier the Committee Chairman, presented the “good sportsmanship” cup for which contributions had been taken since the previous summer to Sir Thomas Lipton, veteran British yachtsman, in the New York City Hall prior to Sir Thomas’s departure for England. The trophy was given to the British yachtsman for his never-say-die spirit in challenging again and again for the America’s Cup. The cup itself bears a design symbolic of Sir Thomas’s sportsmanship. With the cup went an elaborately bound volume of representative letters that accompanied the contributions received at the Mayor’s office. These contributions came from every country in the world and the letters with them were bound into a book by Tiffany. The Lipton Cup Fund was chartered after the British challenger was unsuccessful in racing his Shamrock V against the American contender the previous summer. Contributions were received at the Mayor’s Office and at the office of Barron Collier, an advertising man. Though the individual contributions were not expected to be more than $1 each, many were for larger amounts. Miss Evelyn Wagner, the Mayor’s social secretary and Hector Fuller of the Mayor’s committee on reception of distinguished guests, handled the contributions and arranged for the presentation. In the donors’ book the Mayor had written “to possibly the world’s worst yacht builder but absolutely the world’s most cheerful loser.” Trophy’s Current Location: Riverside Museum, 100 Pointhouse Place, Glasgow, G3 8RS, Scotland . Version 1.3
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Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy New York Yacht Club [1961]
Designer and Silversmith: John Scofield London, England (1784) Format: George III Silver Tea Urn. “Very balanced and perfectly crafted design and execution. The simple vase shape is decorated with subtle bead and reel elements. High handles are applied to the sides, the front is decorated in an ornate oval reserve, the lid is Height: 19 1/2 inches (49.53 cm) Weight: 5.5 lbs. (1,150 grams) Material: Sterling Silver 0.925 Hallmark: Date Letter “I” (1784), town mark, standard mark and makers mark “IS” Original Owner: Unknown Purchaser/Donor: Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. (1961) Grantee: New York Yacht Club, (37 West 44th Street, New York NY USA) Reconfiguration by: (1961) Unknown On March 23, 1961 the New York Yacht Club (37 West 44th Street, New York, NY) Board of Trustees accepted a trophy donated by the Lipton Tea Company as a Perpetual Trophy in memory of Sir Thomas Lipton to be awarded to the second highest scoring United States yacht in the elimination trials for the America’s Cup. Presentation was made by W. Gardner Barker, the president of Thomas J. Lipton, Inc. Henry Sears, who sparked the revival of the international competition when he was the New York Yacht Club commodore and subsequently became head of Columbia’s original owning syndicate, accepted the trophy on behalf of the club. It is a nineteen- and one-half inch silver tea urn, of simple vase shape with subtle bead and reel elements, polished to a glint like new, that had been made in London in 1784 by John Schofield.
Winners of the NYYC Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Trophy 1962 1964 1967 1970 1974 1977
Nefertiti American Eagle Columbia Valiant Intrepid Enterprise (tie) Schuyler Foundation Inc. Independence (tie) 1980 Clipper 1983 Courageous 1987 USA 1992 Stars and Stripes 1995 Young America Technology ‘95 2000 Stars & Stripes 2003 One World 2007 Luna Rossa 2013 Luna Rossa 2017 Artemis Racing 2021 Britannia (Rita) [not awarded in 1988, 2001-2, 2004 or 2010]
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Nefertiti Syndicate Aurora Syndicate Thomas P. Dougan Valiant Syndicate Seattle Sailing Foundation Maritime College at Fort Kings Point Fund Inc. People to People Sports Com., People to People Sports Com., Golden Gate Challenge Team Dennis Conner Partnership for America’s Cup Team Dennis Conner One World Challenge Prada Pirelli Prada Pirelli Artemis Racing Team INEOS Team UK
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Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Cup Royal Ulster Yacht Club [1970]
Designer: (currently under research) Commissioned: Royal Ulster Yacht Club (1970) Height: (silver trophy) 19 ½ inches (9.53 cm) Height: (with base): 23 ¼ inch (59 cm) Width: 16 5/8 inches (42.44 cm) Width at pedestal: 10 ½ inches (26.67 cm) Weight: (currently under research) Sterling silver `Lion” adorns the top. 2 ½ inch high gloss black painted wood base Cast silver handles and lion; holloware body and pedestal. Crossed burgees are enameled on silver chasing. Engraving (front of upper body): <<BURGEE – crossed - Royal North of Ireland Yacht Club and Shamrock>> Royal Ulster Yacht Club Sir Thomas Lipton MEMORIAL CUP 1970 Photo credit: RUYC
The Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Cup is presented to the yacht club earning the right to challenge for the America’s Cup by the Royal Ulster Yacht Club (101 Clifton Road, Bangor BT20 5HY, Northern Ireland 028 9127 0568). He had challenged five times with his yachts, all named Shamrock, through Royal Ulster Yacht Club as he was not admitted to the elite Royal Yacht Squadron until 1931, shortly before his death. It is said that both King Edward VII and King George V shared their interest in yachting with Lipton and enjoyed his company. To recognize Sir Thomas Johnstone Lipton (1848-1931), the RUYC commissioned the Cup, and since 1970 has presented the trophy on 14 occasions. The cup, originally for the Challenging team is now presented to the Challenging Yacht Club. The award presentations are made by the Ira Lewis Yacht Club (170 Wellington Avenue, Newport, RI, USA) on behalf of the RUYC. Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron was first presented with this Cup in 1995, then again in 2007, 2013 and 2017, and had been the custodians for 18 years, making them the longest holder. The current holder is Circolo della Vela Sicilia (Via Ludovico Ariosto 16 – 90144 Palermo Italy)
1970 1974 1977 1980 1983 1987 1988 1992 1995
Winners of the RUYC Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Cup
“Gretel II” Frank Packer RSYS (1st) “Southern Cross” Alan Bond RPYC (2nd) “Australia” Alan Bond SCYC (3rd) “Australia” Alan Bond RPYC (4th) “Liberty” Freedom Campaign NYYC (5th) “Stars & Stripes” Malin Burnham SDYC (6th) (not awarded) “Il Moro de Venezia” (7th) “Black Magic” Team NZ Synd. RNZYS (8th)
2000 2003 2007 2010 2013 2017 2021
“Luna Rossa” Patrizio Bertelli YCPA (9th) “Alinghi” Ernesto Bertarelli SNG (10th) “Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron”(11th) (not awarded) “Aotearoa” Emirates Team NZ RNZYS (12th) “Emirates Team NZ” RNZYS (13th) “Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli” Patrizio Bertelli CDVS (14th)
Lipton was inducted into the America’s Cup Hall of Fame in Newport, RI in 1993 being recognized as “the best of all losers.”
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THE LOUIS VUITTON SPONSORSHIP ERA (1983 -2017)
Louis Vuitton Cup 1.0
[1982] Designer: Jean Puiforcat (c. 1960) Studio: Puiforcat Commissioned by: Louis Vuitton Height Overall: 13 1/8 inches (33.33 cm) Width: 8 1/8 inches (20.61 cm) Cup Height: 11 3/8 inches (28.78 cm) Base Width: 5 3/8 inches (13.61 cm) Liquid Capacity: ~135 oz. (~4 liter) (calculated) Weight: 23.5 lbs. (10.66 kg) Material: Polished Sterling silver 0.925 Sub-Base Material: Polished black marble Sub-Base Dimensions: 8 x 8 x 1.88 inches (20.3 x20.3 x 4.77 cm) Format: Conical cup on Sterling silver base with eight (8) tapered Sterling silver vanes, each 1 ¼ x 6 x 1/8 inch (3.2 x 15.24 x .32 cm) The Louis Vuitton Cup was the first award commissioned by the Paris fashion house Louis Vuitton (2 Rue du Pont Neuf, Paris NY 75001) upon their selection as principal sponsor of the America’s Cup Challenger Series in 1982. The cup is based on sketches designed by the renowned Paris silversmith Jean Puiforcat, (a longtime friend of Gaston Louis Vuitton, the great-grandson of the firm’s founder) in the 1960s and fabricated in 1982. The cup was awarded to the top scoring challenger team from 1983-2017 (except in 1988 and 2010 which were COR races only)) and was a prerequisite for contending in America’s Cup finals. The cup is engraved on the front of the Trophy with the Louis Vuitton Cup and LV logo; and has silver engraving plates on each of the sides of the marble sub-base, on which the year, yacht, yacht club, syndicate head and skipper are recognized. [Engraved on the Cup] LOUIS VUITTON CUP [Engraved on the four (4) silver plates located on the square marble base:] LOUIS VUITTON CUP AWARDED TO THE WINNER OF THE CHALLENGER RACES FOR THE AMERICA’S CUP 1983 AUSTRALIA II - ROYAL PERTH YACHT CLUB Syndicate Head ALAN BOND – Skipper JOHN BERTRAND 1987 STARS & STRIPES – SAN DIEGO YACHT CLUB Syndicate Head and Skipper DENNIS CONNER 1992 IL MORO DI VENEZIA – COMPAGNIA DELLA VELLA YACHT CLUB Syndicate Head RAUL GARCIA – Skipper PAUL CAYARD 1995 TEAM NEW ZEALAND – ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON Syndicate Head PETER BLAKE – Skipper RUSSELL COUTTS 2000 - LUNA ROSSA YACHT CLUB PUNTA ALA - SKIPPER - FRANCESCO DE ANGELIS 2003 - ALINGHI SOCIETE NAUTIQUE DE GENEVE - SKIPPER RUSSELL COUTTS 2007 - EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND ROYAL NEW ZEALAND YACHT SQUADRON - SKIPPER DEAN BARKER [2010 was uncontested – AC C/O/R only]
At some point prior to March 2007, the original trophy’s silver engraving plates were removed and replaced but were re-inscribed eliminating the names of the syndicate heads which had been initially shown.
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Louis Vuitton Cup 2.0
[2013] Designer: Jean Puiforcat (c. 1960) Studio: Puiforcat Commissioned by: Louis Vuitton Height Overall: 21 1/2 inches (54.61 cm) Width: 13 5/8 inches (34.61 cm) Cup Height: 17 5/8 inches (44.77 cm) Base Width: 9 inches (22.86 cm) Material: Polished Sterling silver 0.925 Liquid Capacity: ~135 oz. (~4 liter) (calculated) Weight: 25.0 lbs. (11.34 kg) Sub-Base Material: Polished Sterling silver 0.925. Underside is slightly concave. Sub-Base Dimensions: 13 5/8 dia. x 2 5/8 inches (34.61 x 6.67 cm) with 11 1/8-inch x ½ inch thick black disc – likely polished marble. Format: Conical cup on Sterling silver base with eight (8) tapered Sterling silver vanes, each 1 3/8 x 8 5/8 x 1/8 inch (3.2 x 15.24 x .32 cm) This Louis Vuitton Cup (2.0) replaced the original trophy in 2013, and is identical in geometry, but larger. The square marble base was replaced by a large, polished Sterling silver base with an added black accent layer (likely of polished marble.) The engraving on the subbase includes all prior awardees The cup was awarded to the top scoring challenger team in 2013 and was the prerequisite for contending in America’s Cup finals. The cup is engraved on the front of the Trophy with the Louis Vuitton Cup and LV logo; [Engraved on the Cup] LOUIS VUITTON CUP c. 2013 Replacement base: The cup’s original engraving was restored to include the Syndicate Heads’ names.
LOUIS VUITTON CUP TROPHY TRUNK c.1992 The 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup had a matching travel trunk wrapped in Castilian Red EPI Leather (shown at left) with grey microfiber lining and polished brass trim. The 2013 Louis Vuitton Cup has a matching travel trunk covered in the LV Signature Monogram Macassar Canvas (see PLATE XIII) with red microfiber lining and polished silver trim. Won on August 25, 2013 by Emirates Team New Zealand (7:1|1), beating Luna Rossa. Won on June 12, 2017 by Emirates Team New Zealand (4:3|1) beating Sweden’s Artemis Racing. The Louis Vuitton Cup remains on display at the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron [181 Westhaven Drive, Westhaven Marina, Auckland NZ 1011 (09)360-6800] Figure 54 - 1992 LV Cup 2.0 Case
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“LOUIS VUITTON TROPHY MISTAKENLY REPORTED STOLEN FROM AMERICA'S CUP PARTY IN BELVEDERE
Club officials reported the trophy stolen but quickly realized that it was simply a miscommunication with Louis Vuitton officials. San Francisco CA Mon, Jul 29, 2013: While the fourth round of the Louis Vuitton Cup on Saturday was anticlimactic – with Emirates Team New Zealand cruising to its fifth unopposed win on the San Francisco Bay – a party after the race had a bit more drama than expected. At an event at the Corinthian Yacht Club in Belvedere to recognize the participants in the Louis Vuitton Cup, which is part of the run-up to the America's Cup Finals in September, the Louis Vuitton Cup Trophy that was on display at the event went missing and was reported stolen at around 10 p.m. Shortly after yacht club officials called police to report the theft, they realized that it was simply a miscommunication in which Louis Vuitton officials sent a different person to pick up the trophy than the one who had dropped it off earlier in the day, according to Timothy Ballard, the head of the Corinthian Yacht Club's America's Cup committee. "It was a really big deal – for about a half hour," Ballard said. The blunder was discovered after law enforcement agencies in the area responded to a "be on the lookout" request from Belvedere Police, and Mill Valley Police officers pulled over the limousine carrying the trophy on Tiburon Blvd. near the Hwy. 101 overpass. The driver was briefly detained and released, according to police. The trophy is on display today in the America's Cup village as scheduled.”
Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Challenger Playoffs Trophy [2017]
Designer: Jean Puiforcat (c. 1960) Studio: Puiforcat Silversmith: Thomas Lyte, London Commissioned by: Louis Vuitton Height Overall: 28 inches (70 cm) Width: 11 inches (28 cm) Base Height: 5.5 inches (14 cm) Base Width: 11 inches (28 cm) Wing 1: 22.33 x 5.5 x 1.32 (56.84 x 14 x 3.36 cm) Wing 2: 18.5 x 3 inches (47.04 x 7.56 cm) Sail: 17.05 x 6 inches (43.4 x 15.4 cm) Wing/sail thickness: 0.157 inches (4 mm) Material: Sterling silver 965 (96.5% silver, 7.5% copper) Silver content: 22 lbs. (10 kg) Photographs: Jamie McGregor Smith Format: Trophy is a contemporary, polished Sterling silver piece based on a 1960’s design by Jean Puiforcat (see Puiforcat’s original sketches below) depicting “a vivid clash of passing sails,” consisting of an 11 dia. x 5.5 inch (28 x 14 cm) tapered base (7 dia. inches (17.7 cm) at top) and two (2) 4 mm thick tapered wings and (1) sail. Wing #1 is engraved “LOUIS VUITTON AMERICA’S CUP CHALLENGER PLAYOFFS” along one edge. Wings are each bolted to the base with two fasteners. The trophy was manufactured by silversmiths Thomas Lyte (Building 9, Hurlingham Business Park, London UK, 44(0)20 7751 8844. Est. c.2008) who reportedly took 38 hours to “beat out” each wing, “using 9 different types of hammers,“ followed by three days of polishing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZSpVi2CGxc Current location: RNZYS Trophy Room, Auckland, NZ
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The Challenger Trophy has a monogrammed, custom made, furniture-grade plywood, monogram canvas-wrapped travel trunk with the famous Gaston “V” in red on the front. The blue microfiber interior reflects the color of water and coordinates with the Louis Vuitton Cup Trophy Case which also has the red V and blue interior. Handmade by three craftsmen in the LV historical workshop in the house in Asnieres, France, the LVACCP trophy travel case required over 400 hours of craftwork during seven steps of fabrication. “It includes a small drawer in which the winner’s medals are held, a new door system, a new arrangement of fittings to hold the trophy securely during its travels, and a new microfiber lining to minimize any damage while in transit.” There is a small oval identification plate on the inside back edge of the hinged cover.
Louis Vuitton presented the new trophy, and its trunk, to the winning America’s Cup Challenger Playoff in Bermuda 6/04/2017 – 6/14/17. The Louis Vuitton partnership dates back to 1983 as partner for ACWS, AC Qualifiers and Challenger Playoff races, and 35th America’s Cup. Designed for the 35th (2017) AC in Bermuda, Challenger Playoff Trophy is contested by the last 4 teams before the AC finals. AWARDED TO THE WINNER OF THE LOUIS VUITTON AMERICA’S CUP CHALLENGE PLAYOFFS HAMILTON, BERMUDA JUNE 4 – JUNE 14, 2017 EMIRATES TEAM NEW ZEALAND Defeating ARTEMIS RACING - SWEDEN SOFTBANK TEAM JAPAN LAND ROVER BAR - GBR GROUPAMA TEAM - FRANCE
Figure 55 c.1960 Puifuit Design for LV Trophy
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Figure 56 2017 Louis Vuitton Challenger Trophy
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Louis Vuitton Cup 3.0
[2024] Designer: Jean Puiforcat (c. 1960) Studio: Thomas Lyte - London Commissioned by: Louis Vuitton Height Overall: 15.5 inches (39.4 cm) Width: 10 3/16 inches (34.47 cm) Base Width: 9 inches (22.86 cm) Material: Polished Sterling silver 0.925 Liquid Capacity: ~583 oz. (~9.5 liter) (calculated) Weight: 13.67 lbs. (6.2 kg) Material: Polished Sterling silver 0.925. Underside is slightly concave. Dimensions: 9 dia. x 2 5/16 inches (34.61 x 6.67 cm) with 7-inch x 5/8-inch-thick silver disc Format: Conical cup on Sterling silver base with eight (8) tapered Sterling silver vanes, each 1 1/8 x 7 1/2 x 1/8 inch (2.68 x 19.126 x .32 cm) This Louis Vuitton Cup (3.0) replaced the original trophy from 2013, and is similar in geometry, but smaller and where the earlier trophy had three plinths, this trophy version has two. The cup was awarded to the top scoring challenger team in 2024 and was the prerequisite for contending in America’s Cup finals. The cup is engraved on the front of the Trophy with the Louis Vuitton Cup and LV logo; [Engraved on the Cup] LOUIS VUITTON CUP
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LOUIS VUITTON TROPHY TRUNK c.2024
This replacement for an earlier Louis Vuitton custom trunk, and crafted by Louis Vuitton’s artisans at their workshops in Asnièressur-Seine near Paris, the trunk features the iconic “monogram" pattern, adorned with a hand-painted scarlet "V" representing both victory and "Vuitton." The case is finished with gold-plated locks and clasps, and its interior is lined with Pantone white leather.
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LOUIS VUITTON AMERICA’S CUP WORLD SERIES TROPHIES
Schedule of Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series Trophies Year 2011
Regatta 34th AC - ACWS Cascias 34th AC - ACWS Plymouth 34th AC – ACWS San Diego
Date 8/4/11 9/17/11 11/16/11
2012
34th AC – Naples
4/15/12
34th AC – Venice
5/20/12
34th AC – Newport
7/1/12
34th AC – San Francisco 2011-2013 ACWS
8/29/12
35th AC – Portsmouth
7/26/15
2015
Mk A B C D E F G H I j K L M N O P
Trophy Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate
Q
see The 2015 Victor Trophy see The 2015 Endeavour Trophy see The 2015 Endeavour Trophy see The 2015 Endeavour Trophy see The 2015 Endeavour Trophy 11-inch Blue Ceramic Plate see WS Trophy Bermuda see Omani Trophy see WS Cup – New York City (two cups awarded due to tie)
R
2016
35th AC - Gothenburg 35th AC - Bermuda 35th AC - Muscat th 35 AC – New York City
8/30/15 10/15/15 2/28/16 5/3/16
S T U V
35th AC - Chicago 35th AC - Portsmouth
6/12/16 7/24/16
W X
35th AC -Toulon 35th AC – Fuboka 2015-2016 ACWS
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9/11/16 11/20/16 11/20/16
Y Z P
Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Med. (11.5-inch) Pewter Plate Small (10.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Medium (11.5-inch) Plate Small (10.75-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate Med. (11.5-inch) Pewter Plate Large (16.75-inch) Pewter Plate ACWS Trophy
see The Victor Trophy see The 2016 Endeavour Trophy see The 2016 Endeavour Trophy see The 2016 Endeavour Trophy see The 2016 Endeavour Trophy see The 2016 Endeavour Trophy see 2016 Toulon Trophy see WS Trophy Fukuoka ACWS Trophy
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Place Fleet Race Winner Fleet Race Winner Fleet Race Winner Regatta Final Fleet Race Winner Match Race Winner Fleet Race Winner Fleet Second Place Fleet Third Place Match Race Winner Match Race Second Match Race Third Fleet Race Winner Match Race Winner Fleet Race Winner Regatta Final
Winning Team ETNZ Team Oracle Team Energy Team Oracle (S) Luna Rossa (P) Team Artemis Team Energy Team Oracle ENTZ Team Artemis Luna Rossa (P) Team Oracle Team Oracle Team Oracle Team Oracle Team Oracle
First Place Second Place Third Place Fourth Place Fifth Place First Place First Place First Place First Place (t) First Place (t) First Place First Place Second Place Third Place Fourth Place Fifth Place Sixth Place First Place First Place Regatta
Land Rover BAR ETNZ Softbank Japan Groupama Fra Artemis Racing ETNZ ETNZ BAR ETNZ (t) Oracle (t) Artemis Racing Land Rover BAR Oracle Team Sofbank Japan ETNZ Groupama Artemis RAcing Artemis Racing Land Rover BAR Land Rover BAR
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::P:: America’s Cup World Series Trophy Louis Vuitton (2011-2012)
Commissioned By: America’s Cup Event Authority (ACEA) 2012 Design: ACEA and Pere Gifre, San Francisco, CA USA Silversmith Studio: Bertoni G.D.E. s.r.i, Via Ezio Vanoni 3, 20037 Paderno Dugnano (MI) [Milan Italy] Height: 26 ¾” (68 cm) Dia. at Base: 13 ¾” (34.925 cm) Dia. of Globe: 8.64” (21.956 cm) Wings: (9 each) 16 3/8” x 4 ¼” (41.59 x 10.79 cm) Center Support Post: 16 3/8” x 1.68” tapering to 0.75” at center Material: Silver-plated brass Material (base): Ebonized wood Format: World Globe, supported by nine (9) wing sails representing the nine teams in the 2011-2012 ACWS. Latitude lines (9), Longitude lines (12), and continent outlines finely etched in globe. Engraving: AMERICA’S CUP WORLD SERIES on plated brass band around vertical component of black base. Globe Alignment: Center of USA is aligned with “u” in Cup on base Award: Presented to Oracle Racing Spithill #4 as winner of 2011-2013 AC World Series in Newport, RI, 30 June 2012, however, due to a scandal involving illegal ballast in their AC45, Oracle was forced to withdraw and the winner for 2011-12 was determined to be New Zealand and for 2012-2013 Prada. Presented to LandRover BAR Racing as winner of the 2015-2016 AC World Series in Fukuoka, Japan, 20 November 2016. Figure 57 Photo Courtesy of GIFRE
Pere Gifre is an industrial designer and conceptual artist born in Figueres, Spain in 1974. Gifre specializes in VFX design and development for sculpture, industrial & interior design, sceneography, architecture and motion pictures. He currently lives in San Francisco, California and his projects have been published worldwide in publications such as The New York Times, The Guardian, Daily Telegraph, MoMa Magazine, Domus, Wired Magazine, Artfutura, Siggraph 2010 and the BBC, among others. He has also exhibited his work in many festivals, museums and galleries around the world like Tokyo Taste, Artfutura, Los Angeles Siggraph 2010, Indaba Sud Africa, Columbia University, MoMa New York (New Architecture in Spain) and recently, in the Moja Palace in Barcelona with other great artists such as Salvador Dalí, Antoni Tàpies and Jaume Plensa. Bertoni G.D.E , a four-generation-old company now headed by Valentina, the great-granddaughter of the founder Emilio Bertoni. The company was founded in the early 1900’s as Bertoni-Milano and was managed by her grandfather Eugenio and her father Giorgio. Bertoni has been specializing in produced-to-order awards in the sports field since 1960 when they produced the medals for the Rome Olympics. In addition to the America’s Cup World Series trophy in 2012, they created the FIFA World Cup.
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::Q:: The Portsmouth Victory Trophy [23rd-26th July 2015]
Designers: Michelle Jeanette Littlewood and Leo Howard Studio: Littlewood Studios, Portsmouth UK Photography: Russell Squires Width: 8 3/4 inches (22.23 cm) Height: 14 ¼ inches (36.2 cm) Depth: 3 ½ inches (8.9 cm) Format: 1/8 in (3 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic sheets (9 each) 3/16 inch (4.5 mm) thick laser-cut sea green acrylic sheets (8 each) 1/8 in (3 mm) thick laser-cut veneer plywood sheets (8 each) Hardware: Polished 316 stainless steel M8 blind nuts (4), M8 stainless steel female thread ring-shaped lifting eyes (4) and M8 stainless steel threaded connecting rods (4 ). Photos Russell Squires
Wood burned engraving (front of trophy) THE PORTSMOUTH VICTORY TROPHY 22d-26th JULY 2015 on the wood veneer on face of 2d layer of sandwich Wood burned engraving (rear of trophy)
WORLD SERIES --- PORTSMOUTH ---
1851 Trust [LOGO]
University of Portsmouth LOGO
DESIGNED BY LEO HOWARD & MICHELLE JEANETTE LITTLEWOOD on the wood veneer on face of 8th wood layer (rear of trophy)
Michelle Jeanette Littlewood teamed up with Leo Howard, a budding 5-year-old artist who designed a sailing trophy which was the inspiration for the Portsmouth Victory Trophy for the winner of the Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series held in Portsmouth, UK in July of 2015. The trophy (non-perpetual) was awarded to Land Rover BAR (Sir Ben Ainsley) for their win. No other race information was inscribed on the trophy. The trophy consists of sandwiched layers of alternating clear acrylic full-sized panels, sea green-edged acrylic panels cut in a wave motif, and thin veneer plywood panels. The inner clear panels are etched with a representation of the AC 45 catamaran yachts in grey with white sails. There is a single blue panel on the upper reaches of the mainsail. The entire sandwich is held together with four polished stainless-steel fasteners in the corners of the trophy, consisting of M8 (8 mm) threaded rods, semirecessed blind nuts (rear) and female thread ring-shaped lifting eyes at the front, producing an elegant, industrial look. One Portsmouth Victor Trophy was made. The regatta, originally scheduled for 25th and 26th July 2015 was ultimately only based on the two races held on the 25th, as racing was cancelled due to excessive winds on the second day.
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::R:: The Portsmouth Endeavour Trophies [23rd-26th July 2015]
Michelle Littlewood additionally designed and built five (5) 8-inch (20.3 cm) high, 5 ¼ inch (13.3 cm) wide trophies for the 2nd to 6th place teams. Similar in design, these trophies consisted of a 3 mm “wave” layer on the front and back, two 3 mm clear acrylic sheets with a single thin wood veneer sheet sandwiched between. In the case of the smaller pieces, they were held together with polished stainless steel acorn nuts and short stainless-steel rods. The clear acrylic sheets bear similar depictions of the AC 45 cats.
Portsmouth Endeavour Trophy (2015) Photo by Russell Squires
Wood burned engraving (front of trophy) THE PORTSMOUTH ENDEAVOUR TROPHY 22d-26th JULY 2015 on the wood veneer on face of 2d layer of sandwich Again, the regatta, originally scheduled for 25th and 26th July 2015 was ultimately only based on the two races held on the 25th, as racing was cancelled due to excessive winds on the second day. Based on points won in those two races The Portsmouth Endeavour Trophies were awarded to: 2nd New Zealand (18 pts) 3rd Oracle Team USA (16 pts) 4th Softbank Japan (13 pts) (tie) 4th Groupama France (13 pts) (tie) th 5 Artemis Racing (11 pts)
::U:: Omani Trophy
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::T:: World Series Trophy Bermuda [16th – 18th October 2015]
Designer: Sami Lill, Creative Director Studio: Uber Super Duper, Hamilton, Bermuda Photography: Meredith Andrews Width: 6.3 inches (16 cm) Height: 16.4 inches (41.65 cm) Weight: 10 pounds (4.53 kg) Format: Self-balancing* hollow sphere, 3/8 inch thick, of siliconebronze with poured lead counterweight inside. 1/8-inch-thick silicone-bronze 1:90 scale AC45 catamaran. Base: (not shown): 4-inch outside dia. (3.5 in ID) x 1.5-inch-high Bermudian Cedar with brass engraved plate. Contributing Artisans: Vibio Festa, woodworker; Blake and Jim West, fishermen; Alex Roque, Dynamic Engineering; Robert and Max Moniz, Bermuda Electroplating; Donna and Craig Faries, MASS Ltd., Stuart Lunn, Lunn Marine; David Swift, Pembroke Paint; Desmond Fountain, artist; and Bill Andrews, engineer. *Artists led by Sami Lill’s concept, produced a kinetic trophy that will come to rest at 32o (the latitude of Bermuda). The piece took five weeks to craft and balance, utilizing poured lead from a Bermuda One Design boat’s keel, a Bermuda cottage window sash weight and a Bermuda fisherman’s downrigger lead ball. The AC yacht depicted balancing on its hydrofoil was the winning design in a 2015 ACEA-sponsored competition for the Bermuda World Series Regatta. (Competition announcement can be referenced in the Appendix) Uber Super Duper is a multi-disciplined advertising agency based in Hamilton (15 Front Street, Hamilton HM11) Bermuda. Their client base is world-wide, and they have received awards from Cannes Lions, Creativity Awards, D&AD and British Television. They describe their clients as “forward-thinking, ambitious and brave.” ACWS Bermuda Trophy by Sami Lill. Photo by Meredith Andrews
Trophy was awarded to ACWS winner, Emirates Team New Zealand (35 points) in a series where Races 1 and 2 were cancelled due to winds under 6 knots; Race 4 was abandoned and restarted after a collision between Artemis and the umpire boat; and Races 3, 5 and the re-sailed Race 4 were successfully run – all racing being held on Sunday, 18 October 2015. Yachts were AC45 F-series. No trophies were awarded other than the 1st Place. As the winner of the ACEA Trophy & Prizes Design Contest, ACEA reimbursed the winning artists for the cost of producing the trophies. Engraved on plate on stained wood base:
LOUIS VUITTON
AMERICA’S CUP WORLD SERIES -- BERMUDA 2015 -1st PLACE No other engraving appears on either the trophy or the base.
BERMUDA ACWS RESULTS – 2015 2nd Place- Artemis Racing (33 points) 3rd Place - Land Rover BAR (31 points) 4th Place (tie) - Oracle Racing (30 points) 4th Place (tie) - Team Japan (30 points) 5th Place - Team France (20 points) Version 1.3
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::V:: World Series Cup – New York City [May 7-8, 2016]
Studio: Steuben Glass Special Commissions Height: 16 inches (40.64 cm) Width: (at rim) 8 inches (20.32 cm) Width: (at base) 4 inches (10.16 cm) Capacity: ~165 fluid oz (4.8 liters) (calculated) Format: Barium-based prismatic crystal glass Corporate sponsor Louis Vuitton provided etched Steuben Special Commission (Steuben Corning, One Museum Way, Corning NY USA 14830 800.783.8236) crystal cups as first prize for the 2016 America’s Cup World Series races held in New York City, NY, USA from 7-8 May 2016. The Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series Cup, designed in a collaborative effort with Steuben-Corning Museum of Glass employees and independent glass workers, and manufactured by Steuben Glass Special Commissions group located in Corning, New York, USA, are barium-base prismatic crystal glass, developed by Steuben in 1933 and known for its quality and clarity. The large Cup measures 16 inches (40.64 cm) tall, 8 inches (20.32 cm) in diameter at the top rim, 4 inches (10.17 cm) across at its (approximately square) base. Although not intended for the sipping of champagne, the LV-ACWS Cup could hold 165 ounces (calculated). The Cup bears an intricate pattern of small, inverted, etched V’s, likely a harkening to Vuitton, in eight rows around the top; the pattern subtly fades from top to bottom. “ [T]his was done by hand and was the most challenging part of the trophy. Because of the tapered Photo courtesy of Steuben-Corning Museum form, the diameter gets smaller as you move down from the top. And we wanted to have the pattern “fade” as each lower ring of the detail was applied” explained Steven Bender, Steuben’s Business Manager. There are two graceful tapering, intertwining crystal arms emanating from the base up to the point where the cup widens to a goblet shape. Monaired (grit blasted) on the front of the trophy is:
WORLD SERIES -NEW YORKMAY 7-8, 2016 1ST PLACE
As this is a “keeper” trophy (as opposed to a Perpetual Cup), the only additional engraving is that indicating the date and finish. The presentation of this Cup did not necessitate a Deed of Gift as it was awarded as a Winning Team-specific trophy. Steuben estimates that the trophy took their craftsmen two months to complete. “We start with sketches. Once the concept is approved, the vase is created in the blowing room. The artwork is then digitized and printed on a special film that is attached to the glass and monaired (grit blasted) by hand.” The Cup bears the manufacturer’s hallmark hand signed “Steuben” at the bottom of the trophy, near the edge, and was presented to the winning teams in a Steuben-designed flannel bag and artware presentation box.
“This was the first time there was any type of America’s Cup sailing in the area in many years and never before on the Hudson River in plain view of NYC spectators. The America’s Cup representatives felt it would be appropriate to partner with an iconic NY brand for the first place trophy.” Steven Bender, Steuben
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Steuben was founded in 1903 by English glass master Frederick Carder who named the company for the town of Corning, New York, USA. The company is now Corning Incorporated and sponsors the non-profit Corning Museum of Glass. Steuben’s Special Commissions group designs and manufactures one-of-a-kind specialty pieces. The New York City Races, the much anticipated first America’s Cup related races held in New York since the 1930’s, saw Race 1 and a Race 1 restart both abandoned on May 7 due to lack of wind, although a later-in-the-day Race 2 was successfully completed. The following day saw Races 3, 4 and 5 completed in better wind conditions with the results being a tie for 1st place based on points. [luckily, 3 identical trophies were created - the whereabouts of the third is unclear.] The Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series New York 1st Place trophies were presented to two (2) teams: Emirates Team New Zealand 1st (t) Place (57 Points) Oracle Team USA 1st (t) Place (57 Points) According to Steuben, they were not asked to create trophies other than for 1st place. It is unknown whether Louis Vuitton or ACEA provided any further prizes in this regatta. The remaining contestants finished: Softbank Japan, 2nd (t) Place (52 Points) Groupama France 2nd (t) Place (52 Points) Artemis Racing 3rd Place (49 Points) Land Rover BAR 4th Place (48 Points)
::W:: The Victory Trophy ACWS Portsmouth UK [22nd-24th July 2016]
Designers: Zak Kay and Michelle Jeanette Littlewood Studio: Littlewood Studios, Portsmouth UK Photography: Russell Squires Width: 19 1/2 inches (49.5 cm) Height OA: 34 1/2 inches (87.6 cm) Height (base): 3 inches (7.62 cm) Format: 1/4 in (6 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic slabs (3 stacks of 32 slabs each) in three (3) tiers (each slightly smaller than tier below) for a total of 288 slabs. 3/8 in (9 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic slab (1 each) – located at top of trophy – spanning all three segments. ¼ in (6 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic slabs (3 each) located at bottom of each stack – slightly oversized and supporting all three segments. ¼ in (6 mm) thick laser-cut polished stainless-steel latticework plates (4 each) – located at top of each stack, and at first level above base, spanning all three segments. Hardware: Polished 316 stainless steel threaded rods (6), with 6 mm stainless spacers (~42) between stacks and polished acorn nuts (12) at top and bottom (as feet). There is a single (12 mm) polished stainless-steel rod with a ball-finale that vertically connects the center of the base and all of the latticework plates. The Center rod adds about 4 inches (10 cm) to the height of the trophy. For the 2016 America’s Cup World Series Louis Vuitton Regatta, Michelle Jeanette Littlewood partnered with 10-year-old designer Zak Kay, winner of the 2016 Victory Trophy Competition to create a towering acrylic and stainless-steel trophy. One trophy was made. The prize was awarded to the regatta winner, Land Rover BAR (Sir Ben Ainsley) with 82 points.
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Engraving (front of trophy) THE VICTORY TROPHY 22d-24th JULY 2016 DESIGNED BY ZAK KAY & MICHELLE JEANETTE LITTLEWOOD on the stainless-steel plate on the base Engraving (rear of trophy)
Mr. Kay’s Design
WORLD SERIES --- PORTSMOUTH ---
1851 Trust [LOGO]
University of Portsmouth [LOGO]
::X:: The Endeavor Trophies ACWS Portsmouth UK (22nd-24th July 2016)
Designers: Studio:
Zak Kay and Michelle Jeanette Littlewood Littlewood Studios, Portsmouth UK Photography: Russell Squires Width: 19 1/2 inches (49.5 cm) Height OA: 34 1/2 inches (87.6 cm) Height (base): 3 inches (7.62 cm) Format: 1/4 in (6 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic slabs (1 stack of 32 slabs each) in three (3) tiers (each slightly smaller than tier below) for a total of 96 slabs. 3/8 in (9 mm) thick laser-cut acrylic slab (1 each) – located at top of trophy ¼ in (6 mm) thick laser-cut clear acrylic slabs (3 each) located at bottom of each stack – slightly oversized. ¼ in (6 mm) thick lasercut polished stainless-steel latticework plates (4 each) – located at
top of each stack, and at first level above base. Hardware: Polished 316 stainless steel threaded rods (2), with 6 mm stainless spacers (14) between stacks and polished acorn nuts (2) at top and bottom (as feet). Engraving (front of trophy) THE ENDEAVOR TROPHY 22d-24th JULY 2016 DESIGNED BY ZAK KAY & MICHELLE JEANETTE LITTLEWOOD on the stainless-steel plate on the base Engraving (rear of trophy)
WORLD SERIES --- PORTSMOUTH ---
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1851 Trust LOGO
University of Portsmouth LOGO
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::Y:: Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series TOULON, FRANCE
[2016] Commissioned By: America’s Cup Event Authority (ACEA) (2016) Studio: (unknown) Height: OA 21 3/8 inches (54.39 cm) Width (at base): 6 7/8 inches square (16.7 cm sq) Plinth: 4 5/8 inch dia x 5 inches high (11.88 cm x 12.7 cm) Wing: 14 ¾ inches high x 4 5/8 inches wide (34.47 cn x 11.88 cm) Format: Trophy is solid cast clear acrylic. The piece supports a vertical plinth with two (2) 1 inch (2.54 cm) rods projecting approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm). This plinth is mounted on a square clear base plate approximately 7/16 inch (1.11 cm) thick. The Trophy sports a tapered sail of clear acrylic with an etched nautical map motif Trophy was awarded to Team Artemis Racing in 2016. [Limited information was available on this trophy. Research continues.]
::Z:: Louis Vuitton America’s Cup World Series FUKUOKA JAPAN [2016]
Commissioned By: America’s Cup Event Authority (ACEA) (2016) Studio: (unknown) Diameter: 17 1/8 inches (43.28 cm) Height OA: 5.7/8 inches (15.01 cm)
Depth of bowl: 3 ½ inches (8.89 cm) Diameter (at base): 7 1/8 inches (17.88 cm) Base Height: 2 ½ inches (6.35 cm) Format: Trophy is a large, shallow glazed ceramic bowl atop a (hollow) flared base. Trophy was awarded to Team Land Rover BAR in 2016. [Limited information was available on this trophy. Research continues.] Version 1.3
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::aa:: Vilanova I La Geltru Cup “JONāS, un senzill peix de plāstic” 209 37th America’s Cup 1st Preliminary Regatta Vilanova
(2023)
Commissioned By: America’s Cup Event Authority (ACEA) 2023 Sculpturer: Xavier Cuenca Iturat Studio: Xavier Cuenca, Vilanova I la Geltru, Barcelona, Spain Height: 60 cm (23 5/8 inches) Length: 150 cm (59 1/8 inches) Base: (Width): 35 cm (13 ¾ inches) Base: (Height): 17.5 cm (6 7/8 inches) Base: (Depth): 9 cm (3 ½ inches) Weight: 6,8 kg (15 lbs.) Format: Trophy: Recycled polypropylene and polyethylene. Base: Amarillo Indalo marble with brass brackets. Engraving: Brass Plate 1 (on base) th “B 37 AMERICA’S CUP BARCELONA PRELIMINARY REGATTA VILANOVA I LA GELTRU 14 SEPT – 17 SEPT 2023 WINNER GYANYADOR GANADOR” Engraving: Brass Plate 2 (on base) “Jonas: un senzill peix de plastic. Obra elaborada amb material de rebuig, per denunciar el maltractament que estem fent al planeta, a la mar, a la vida. Xavier Cuenca Iturat Vilanova I la Geltru, 2023” Case: Custom wood box for transportation and safekeeping (shown). Comments: In December 2023, the artist was interviewed for a Barcelona magazine by Barbars Scuderi and that link is provided here. https://www.eixdiari.cat/cultura/doc/108464/xavier-cuenca--ara-experimento-ambun-material-que-sempre-he-odiat.html
209
“Jonas, a simple plastic fish”
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::BB:: NEOM Cup
37th America’s Cup 2nd Preliminary Regatta Jeddah
Commissioned by: (2023) Designed by: Silversmith Studio: Height: Width (above base): Width (base): Format:
(2023)
Sterling (0.925)
Award: Awarded 2 December 23 to winner of the second preliminary regatta of th the 37 America’s Cup campaign in December 2023. Races were held in for the first time at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea and were competed in one-design AC40 yachts. NEOM is a portmanteau – the first 3 letters from the ancient Greek prefix Neo (“new”) and the 4th letter, “M” from the first letter of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s name as well as the first letter of the Arabic word for “future.” (mus tagbal). Generally refers to the city development project in Northwestern Tabuk Province being developed by the Kingdom.
::CC:: Cup
37th America’s Cup 3rd Preliminary Regatta Barcelona (25 August 2024)
Commissioned by: (2023) America’s Cup Events Designed by: Silversmith Studio: [research continues] Height: Width (above base): Width (base): Format: Sterling (0.925) holloware. Depicts an AC75-class foiling monohull with mast and foiling arms on a circular “dish” (textured on the top to represent seawater and semi-smooth on the outside. The “dish” continues to rise in a tall arc representing a wave – ending with five (5) waves at the top. Awarded: Awarded to Emirates Team New Zealand on 25 August 2024 for winning the Louis Vuitton Final (3rd) Preliminary Regatta in Barcelona, Spain.
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Perth Yacht Club Medallion Royal Perth Yacht Club [1987]
The crew Members of both Stars & Stripes and of Kookaburra III received etched glass medallions from the Royal Perth Yacht Club in commemoration of their 1987 competition.
Gautier Cup
Gautier Cognac (1987)
Arthur Santry, Commodore of the New York Yacht Club and xxx, Commodore of the Royal Perth Yacht Club received a half-size pewter replica of America’s Cup containing Gautier cognac sealed inside, with specific instructions that “neither could drink the cognac sealed inside until one or the other regained America’s Cup. The presentation was made by Gautier Cognac’s Lionel Harmel and Xavier DeGroote. The Cup replica was made by Brulay (Bewdley), renowned European craftsmen. Four are currently in existence: New York Yacht Club, Royal Perth Yacht Club, San Diego Yacht Club and at the Gautier Museum of France. Replicas will be presented to all future holders of America’s Cup. (It is unlikely that the replicas are filled with Gautier Cognac 1762 – which saw a bottle sold for $144,525 (£118,580) at auction in 2020., but it likely isn’t the cheap stuff either.
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THE PRADA SPONSORSHIP ERA (2018 – present)
PRADA (via Fogazzaro n. 36. 20135 Milano Italy) a luxury leather and fashion house founded in 1913, and its co-CEO Patrizio Bertelli, obtained the rights from the new Defender Emirates Team New Zealand to be the Naming and Presenting sponsor of America’s Cup in 2018 after 1983 – 2017 long-time fashion rival Louis Vuitton (Paris, France), as namesake of the Challenger races for the Cup. withdrew, reportedly due to rising costs. Bertelli has had a Prada challenging yacht in the America’s Cup in 2000, 2003, 2007, 2013,* and 2021 and was inducted into the America’s Cup Hall of Fame in 2012. (*Bertelli chose to withdraw in 2017 after investing a reported $17m in race preparation, following the abrupt and surreptitious change of the Class Rule from 62-foot to 50-foot yachts.) The adage “In order to win the America’s Cup, you must first win the Louis Vuitton Cup” instantly became …”you must first win the PRADA Cup.” To that end, Prada needed a cup – and a rebranding. Bertelli issued a design brief which included the new Prada Cup Trophy (AC Challenger), an America’s Cup World Series Trophy, an America’s Cup Christmas Race Trophy, the design of racecourse turning mark buoys, as well as new logos for the America’s Cup and Prada Cup. Bertelli selected designer Marc Newson (Marc Newson Ltd., 7 Howick Place, London SW1P 1BB United Kingdom) in 2018 to carry out the project, in close cooperation with PRADA Graphic Design Department. Newson is a multi-discipline designer spanning transportation, luxury goods, manufacturing, technology, and fashion. Originally from Sydney Australia, he has been based in London since 1997, where his clientele includes Apple, Louis Vuitton, Montblanc, Hermes, Nike, Hennessy, Dom Perignon, Jaeger-LeCoultre and Beretta. He graduated from Sydney University in 1986 and had his first solo exhibition at age 23. Newson is represented by Gagosian Gallery in New York, London, Hong Kong and Gstaad, and Galerie Kreo, and his work can be found worldwide in museums including the Design Museum (London), Groniger Museum (Netherlands), Powerhouse Museum (Sydney), Philadelphia Museum of Art, Foundation Cartier (Paris), Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Cooper Hewitt, and the Smithsonian Design Museum (New York). Newson is a prolific writer and has been included in TIME Magazine’s 100 Most Influential People. Patrizio Bertelli
“This is one of the most dynamic events in the world, and my initial thoughts about the trophy were to create an object that wasn’t static, which had a sense of movement, which reflected the technology. They’re no longer boats really - they are kind of flying objects…I thought wow, wouldn’t it be interesting to think of a trophy that flies in the same way these vessels do.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKcSPKgNt8M Marc’s contemporary trophy designs are a foil to the ornate form of the America’s Cup; while his new AC logos provide a modern representation of the classical 1848 cup. The task of crafting Marc Newson’s designs into reality fell on the silversmith-artisans at Pampaloni Argenti 1902, (V. del Gelsomino, Firenze, Italy). The company, founded in 1902 by the grandfather of owners Marc Newson Gianfranco, Teodora and Roberto Pampaloni, know that “their clients appreciate if a piece is made by European Photo: Amedeo Turelllo hands rather than cheap labor in the third world.” The company has customers from all over the world with the United States as their main export market. “We have worked since we were young. As children, we spent our summer months perfecting the basics of silver work.” A brief video of the fabrication of the cup can be found at [https://youtu.be/mVpoqDiRxdg]. The Prada Cup and its two smaller companion pieces, the ACWS Cup and the Christmas Cup are constructed of Sterling silver .925, indicating they are 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper. The Cup is 6.8 kg (15 lbs.) and its matching base is an additional 2.6 kg (5.73 lbs.) The Cups were molded from plaster casts and were hand polished - the Prada Cup to a brushed finish and the smaller cups to a mirror finish - and buffed. The interiors have been painted in the rich gloss “Valleunga” Red (or “Gordini” Blue for the ACWS). By design, the cups are removable from their bases and, when so removed, present a sleek rounded form. The larger trophy, the Prada Cup, boasts two symmetrical wings, making the Cup quite wide at 17 3/8 inches (44 cm.) The two companion pieces have three symmetrical wings. Of course, the three Cups travel in Prada style – each in its own bespoke travel trunk. The trunks were designed, and hand built by the PRADA Tuscan Leather Goods Laboratory. Their furniture-grade plywood frames are covered with white Saffiano leather; with metal finishes reminiscent of historic PRADA travel trunks. Saffiano is a full grain calf leather, textured with a cross-hatch finish achieved by treating the material with a specialized stamping machine and finishing with a wax treatment. The leather is said to be water-resistant, highly scratch resistant, durable and easy to keep clean. The Saffiano process is a signature and patent of Prada. The PRADA Cup is a perpetual trophy and remains the property of PRADA. Should the 37th America’s Cup Challenger Selection Series again be named by PRADA, and if the PRADA Cup is confirmed for the next edition of the America’s Cup, the trophy must be returned to PRADA to be awarded to the next winner. (see America’s Cup Compendium DEEDS chapter for more information)
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THE PRADA TROPHY – YEAR ONE
The entire Prada trophy series got off to a rough 2020 start, through no fault of their own. Team Stars and Stripes (USA) was to be the fifth competitor but failed to deliver a boat. The planned America’s Cup World Series (ACWS) scheduled for 4/23 – 4/26/2020 in Sardegna, Cagliari, Italy was being mobilized for racing when the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic struck, cancelling the races in Italy. One and a half months later, after re-mobilizing in England, the ACWS for Portsmouth, UK, scheduled for 6/4 – 6/7/2020 was similarly scrapped. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q62FPkPxgH4 The last ACWS of the season was ultimately held (under tight health restrictions) in Auckland, NZ beginning on 17 December 2020. In a 12-race round robin regatta over three days, Emirates Team New Zealand (the defending club) was 5:1, NYYC American Magic was 4:2, Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli went 3:3, and INEOS Team UK was 0:6. ETNZ won the entire ACWS, and thus the Prada ACWS Trophy was awarded after having raced only 6 times [the original, pre-Covid schedule called for 42 races]. The Christmas Series was scheduled for Sunday, December 20, 2020. Race 1 (ETNZ v INEOS) was abandoned after 45 minutes due to inadequate wind and race time limit. Race 2 (Luna Rossa v American Magic) never got started and was cancelled due to lack of wind. Due to the cancellation of these races the PRADA Christmas Cup would be awarded to the winner of the 4-Round Robins, according to a 1/21/20 decision by PRADA. Next came the first of the PRADA CUP Round Robins. Races 1 and 2 on January 15 were well raced. On January 16, both races were shortened due to inadequate wind, with Magic not finishing one race due to time limit. The first race on the 17th was abandoned at the 5th Mark due to drastically shifting winds; but the next race was good, with INEOS taking their 4th consecutive win. The most frightening yachting accident in recent America’s Cup history occurred in the last race of the day. While leading Luna Rossa by 35 seconds at the 5th Mark, NYYC American Magic became airborne, crashed into the gulf and capsized. The accident submerged the yacht and some of the crew and required a heroic effort by members of all teams and local authorities to avert a disaster. Thankfully no serious injuries occurred, but AM was out. Luna Rossa completed the race for the win. The first race of Round Robin 3 on 1/23/2021 saw INEOS Team UK take a 33-second win over Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli. The next two races of the day were against the missing American Magic yacht. Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli and INEOS Team UK each took one of those hard-fought, 20-second-long “ghost races.” Ultimately, INEOS Team UK won the Prada Cup Round Robin Series 6:0, and due to the cancellation of the Christmas Cup Races, also was awarded the PRADA Christmas Cup. After a break of six days, the team Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli met a patched American Magic in a 4-race Repechage. Luna Rossa won 4:0. The Challenger of Record (Team Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli) conducted a “first to seven wins” PRADA Cup Final Series [2/13 – 2/21/2021] in Auckland, New Zealand against British team INEOS Team UK. After conducting four races over two days, the pandemic forced a 6day delay before racing was allowed to restart on Feb 20. Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli beat INEOS Team UK 7:1 to win the first PRADA Cup.
LOUIS VUITTON RETURNS FOR THE 37TH AMERICA’S CUP CHALLENGER SERIES 2024 Louis Vuitton has announced that the Louis Vuitton Cup again will be fought for in the America’s Cup Challenger Series to be held in Barcelona Spain in September and October of 2024
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Prada Cup [2021]
Designer: Marc Newson Studio: Marc Newson Ltd. 7 Howick Place, London SW1P 1BB United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7932 0990 Commissioned: 2018 by PRADA Format: Two (2) symmetrical wings; Cup detaches from base Cup height: 50 cm (1’-8”) Base height: 3.5 cm (1 3/8”) Total height: 52 cm (1’8 ½”) (cup sits 1.5 cm down into base) Max. Width: 44 cm (1’-5 3/8”) Base diameter: 30 cm (11 ¾”) Material: Sterling silver .925 (92.5% silver/7.5% copper) Cup Weight: 6.8 kg of silver Base Weight: 1.3 kg silver/1.3 kg other materials Exterior Finish: Brushed silver Interior Finish: Painted Gloss “Valleunga” Red” Crafted by: Pampaloni Argenti 1902, V. del Gelsomino, Firenze https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVpoqDiRxdg Travel Case Designed & Manufactured by: PRADA Tuscan Leather Goods Laboratory Materials: Birch and Beechwood wooden frame covered Figure 58 The PRADA Cup – A perpetual trophy with white Saffiano leather; metal finishes reflective of historic PRADA travel trunks are hand-made brass with colored enamel finish. Lining is a 100& recycled nylon, Prada-branded Jacquard fabric that is dyed and solvent-free resin coated after weaving to provide a smooth touch and wear resistance. Engraving (front of cup): PRADA CUP (engraved and infilled Gloss “Vallelunga” Red) Engraving (front of base): AUCKLAND NEW ZEALAND 2021 – LUNA ROSSA CIRCOLO DELLA VELA SICILIA – HELMSMEN: F.BRUNI AND J. SPITHILL Engraving (rear of base): DESIGNED BY Marc Newson FOR
PRADA (no color infill on base lettering) Competitors for the PRADA Cup Year 2021 2021
Yacht Luna Rossa INEOS “Britannia” (“Rita”)
Club Circolo Della Vela Sicilia Royal Yacht Squadron
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI9_ipFU168 [November 30. 2018] [37:37] Version 1.3
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PRADA Cup Challenger Trophy
PRADA White Saffano leather - all exterior surfaces NOTE: All Hardware Bronze Anodized Saffano leather edging and trim
Cup Base
Case: Furniture grade ply 2" x 2" Butt Hinges (6 places) 5/8" Edge Reinforcing Straps (6 places)
A Top
Interior surfaces - satin-like cloth over thin polyester padding.
Section B-B
"L" Shaped metal pads at each lid corner (8 places)
PRADA
B 2'-112"
Brass Lock
PRADA CUP
1'-714"
1'-2"
Front
Left Side
Section A-A
PRADA Cup Trunk c.2018 24
12
6
NOTE: During transport mode, Cup is firmly encased in CNC-routed "charcoal foam" case insert (removable)
0
ALL DIMENSIONS AND DETAILS ARE APPROXIMATE AND ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
Plate XXX
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America’s Cup World Series Cup [2020]
Designer: Marc Newson Studio: Marc Newson Ltd. 7 Howick Place, London SW1P 1BB United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7932 0990 Commissioned: 2018 by PRADA Format: Three (3) symmetrical wings; Cup detaches from base Total height: 37 cm ( 1’2 ¾”) Base diameter: 24 cm (9 ¼”) Material: Sterling silver .925 (92.5% silver/7.5% copper) Exterior Finish: Polished Interior Finish: Painted Gloss “Gordini” Blue Crafted by: Pampaloni Argenti 1902 V. del Gelsomino, Firenze, Italy Travel Case: Designed and Manufactured by: PRADA Tuscan Leather Goods Laboratory Materials: Wooden frame covered with white Saffiano leather; metal finishes reflective of historic PRADA travel trunks. Figure 59 PRADA America’s Cup World Series Trophy
Engraving (front of base): AMERICA’S CUP WORLD SERIES (no color infill on lettering) Engraving (rear of base): DESIGNED BY Marc Newson FOR
PRADA (no color infill on lettering)
ACWS Cup (top) Christmas Cup (bottom)
Competitors for the PRADA America’s Cup World Series Trophy: Year 2021 2021 2021 2021 (2021)*
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Yacht Club Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli Circolo Della Vela Sicilia INEOS “Britannia” (“Rita”) Royal Yacht Squadron American Magic New York Yacht Club Emirates Team New Zealand Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron (Stars and Stripes)* (Long Beach Yacht Club)* *did not participate
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Prada Christmas Cup 2020 [Races were cancelled due to lack of wind. Cup was awarded to winner of Round Robins]
Designer: Marc Newson Studio: Marc Newson Ltd. 7 Howick Place, London SW1P 1BB United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7932 0990 Commissioned: 2018 by PRADA Format: Three (3) symmetrical wings; Cup detaches from base Total height: 37 cm ( 1’2 ¾”) Base diameter: 24 cm (9 ¼”) Material: Sterling silver .925 (92.5% silver/7.5% copper) Exterior Finish: Polished Interior Finish: Painted Gloss “Vallelunga” Red Crafted by: Pampaloni Argenti 1902 V. del Gelsomino, Firenze, Italy Travel Case: Designed and Manufactured by: PRADA Tuscan Leather Goods Laboratory Materials: Wooden frame covered with white Saffiano leather; metal finishes reflective of historic PRADA travel trunks. Figure 60 Christmas Cup Engraving (front of base):
PRADA AMERICA’S CUP CHRISTMAS RACE AUCKLAND - NEW ZEALAND - 2020
(no color infill on lettering) (no other engraving as 2020 race was not run)
Engraving (rear of base): DESIGNED BY
Marc Newson FOR
PRADA
(no color infill on lettering)
Note: Logistically, the PRADA America’s Cup Christmas Cup can only be awarded in America’s Cup competitions held under the “1985 Southern Hemisphere Amendment” due to the Deed of Gift restrictions on northern hemisphere racing dates being prohibited between November 1st and May 1st .
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Racecourse Turning Marks [2020]
Figure 61 PRADA racecourse turning marks used in Auckland NZ in 2020-21 races.
RACECOURSE TURNING MARKS
(Not exactly “Cups” – but these are worth mentioning) As part of the branding during the Prada Cup and the America’s Cup races, Marc Newson designed matching racecourse turning marks. The marks are actually oversized replicas of inverted PRADA CUPS. Built in Italy by Cantiere Nautico Orioli, [Via del Marchesato 23 – 48122 di Ravenna RA Italy], these molded fiberglass systems were 2.5m ( 8’-3”) tall, 3m (9’-10”) in diameter and weighed 800 kg (1,764 lbs.). Each buoy was equipped with a mast to support instrumentation for calculating position, measuring wind speed and direction and were linked to the network of the regatta management and racing yachts. Each mark had an internal electrically powered winch system for lifting and dropping its own anchor. The reimagined fiberglass turning marks replaced the inflatable buoys used in the recent past. Cantiere Orioli is a well-respected Italian yacht repair and refit shipyard, founded by Enrico Orioli in 1946.
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Puig Women’s America’s Cup [13 October 2024]
Designer: Patricia Urquiola (1961- ) Studio: Studio Urquiola S.r.l., Bartolomeo Eustachi, 45 – 20129 Milan Italy Commissioned by: PUIG and America’s Cup Event Authority (2024) Goldsmith: (research continues) Format: Cup with solid bottom. The upper section is repousse (from the inside) to form the undulations, that are chased from the exterior to add texture to the handleless cup. Total Height: 58 cm (22.83 inches) Base Cylinder Width: 17.07 cm (6.72 inches) Maximum Width: 29.33 cm (11.54 inches) Width at top: 27.07 cm (10.66 inches) Material: Mirror finish 0.925 Sterling silver Weight: 5 kg (11.02 lbs.)(176.3 oz) Interior finish: “Rose Gold” gloss enamel Inscriptions: PUIG WOMEN’S AMERICA’S CUP BARCELONA To mark the historical addition of the Women's America's Cup competition to the lineup, Naming Sponsor Puig commissioned a Sterling trophy which was unveiled at the Fundacio Joan Miro on May 21, 2024 by ACE. The 58 cm (22.83inch) tall, 5 kg (176.3 oz) trophy was designed by Patricia Urquiola and presents as a simple mirror-polished cylinder which opens up "like a large sail struck by the wind." The interior is painted in a rose gold gloss. The front of the Cup is machineengraved with a stylized “W” and "PUIG WOMEN'S AMERICA'S CUP BARCELONA," in approximately 72mm (0.283 inch) high letters – unfilled and cut with a “flat” bit. As the Cup bears the city name "Barcelona" it is likely a "keeper cup" rather than "permanent cup" similar to the Garrard 1848 Ewer known as America's Cup. There is adequate space on the obverse side to memorialize the winners. It is unknown whether the bottom bears any manufacturer's hallmarks or identification (research continues). The Puig Women's America's Cup will be awarded for the first time on October 13, 2024 in Barcelona, Spain. Puig is a “global premium beauty (fragrance, fashion makeup and skincare) company based in Spain. The firm, established in 1914, had 2003 net revenues of €4,304 million and sells its products in 150 countries and has offices in 32 of them. Patricia Urquiola is a Spanish-born architect and designer. She lives and works in Milan and attended the University of Architecture at Madrid Polytechnic and Milan Polytechnic. In 2001 she opened her own studio working on product design, architecture, and installations, with clients that include companies as Agape, Alessi, Axor-Hansgrohe, B&B Italia, Baccarat, Boffi, Budri, De Padova, Driade, Ferragamo, Flos, Gan, Georg Jensen, Glas Italia, Haworth, Kartell, Kettal, Kvadrat, Listone Giordano, Louis Vuitton, Molteni, Moroso, Mutina, Rosenthal and Verywood. Her work has been shown in Museums and collections such as MoMA in New York, Les arts decoratifs in Paris, the Museum of Design in Zurich, Vitra Design Museum in Basel, Victorian & Albert Museum in London, Stedelijk in Amsterdam and Triennale Museum in Milan. https://youtu.be/as75ccQpI38
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UniCredit Youth America’s Cup [13 October 2024]
Designer: Studio: Commissioned by:
(research continues) Thomas Lyte - London, UK UniCredit and America’s Cup Event Authority (2024) Goldsmith: Thomas Lyte Format: Polished Sterling bowl supported on (3) 5/8” gold-plated tubes (with capped ends) bent into a “bowline knot” replicating the event sponsor’s logo. The upper rim bears a continuous rope design over an immediate minor bead. The bowl reduces in diameter in the next 1.5 inches before a larger (0.2”) repoussed bead. The bowl presents a smooth, rounded bottom. The lower section or base section is Total Height: Bowl Top Width: Bowl Height: Maximum Width: Width at base: Materials: Weight: Interior bowl finish: Inscriptions:
13 kg (28.33 lbs.) Brushed (Base – Front) (on upper ring of bowl):
41.40 cm (16.3 inches) 33.78 cm (13.3.inches) 12.95 cm (5.1 inches) 29.33 cm (11.54 inches) 27.07 cm (10.66 inches) Polished 210 0.925 Sterling silver; Polished finish Gold-plated tubes
UNICREDIT | YOUTH | AMERICA’S CUP | BARCELONA “Y” as “bowline knot” (etched in 6 places)
To mark the historical addition of the Youth America's Cup competition to the lineup, Naming Sponsor UniCredit
America’s Cup E-Series Championship Trophy [August 28, 2024]
Designer: Dan Bernasconi, ETNZ (2024) Format: Recycled plastic and upcycled ocean plastics 3D printed. Inspired by “intricate patterns of coral, representing resilience, strength and the interconnectedness of nature.” Inscriptions: (inside rear) A C | AMERICA’S CUP | ESERIES Awarded to:
210
BARCELONA | 2024 Liam Dimock a/k/a “eSailingCentral”, NZ
But not “mirror finish”
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America’s Cup Hall of Fame [1992 - ]
Sponsorship:
Herreshoff Marine Museum One Burnside Street, Bristol, RI USA 02809 401.253.5000 Format: Stained and varnished wood Wall Plaque bearing a laminated photo of awardee and a separate laminated panel with the awardee name and brief biography. Width: ~7 ½ inches (19.05 cm) Height: ~10 ½ inches (26.67 cm) Thickness: ~5/8 inch (1.6 cm) One of the most prestigious awards available to participants in America’s Cup. Open to crew, designers, builders, syndicate leaders and supporters, induction into the ACHoF has been conducted yearly since 1992, with ninety awardees to date. The selection is made by a committee of “person intimate with the history and traditions of America’s Cup and committed to the integrity of the Hall of Fame.”
America’s Cup Hall of Fame Selection Committee (2025) Andrew Johns Murray Jones John Lammerts van Bueren Ken McAlpine Elizabeth E. Meyer Shirley Robertson Blue Robinson Hamish Ross Mike Toppa Bruno Trouble Tom Whidden
R. Steven Tsuchiya, Chairman Margherita Bottini John S. Burnham Brad Butterworth William Collier William H. Dyer Jones Richard Gladwell Jack Griffin Halsey C. Herreshoff Tim Jeffery Gary Jobson
America’s Cup Hall of Fame Selection Committee [Past Members 1992-2023] Harry Anderson Devereux Barker III C. Thomas Clagett, Jr. Ed du Moulin George F. Jewett John Rousmaniere German Frers
David Philips Vic Romanga Bruno Bich Gordon Ingate Jack Sutphen Angus Phillips
America’s Cup Hall of Fame Inductees (alphabetical)
Last Name
First
Year
Last Name
First
Year
Adams
Charles Francis
1993
Lexcen
Ben
2006
Ashbury
James L.
1997
Lipton
Sir Thomas J.
1993
Baird
Philip Edward
2021
Longley AM
John
2009
Barnitt
John "JB"
2023
Marshall
John Knox
2017
Barr
Capt. Charles "Charlie"
1993
McAlpine
Ken
2018
Bartram
J. Burr
1998
Melges, Jr.
Harold C. "Buddy"
2001
Bavier, Jr.
Robert N.
1993
Montgomery
Peter "PJ" John
2021
Belsky
Josh
2024
Morgan
Edward D.
2000
Bertarelli
Ernesto
2016
Morgan
Henry Sturgis
2001
Bertelli
Patrizio
2012
Mosbacher, Jr.
Emil "Bus"
1993
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Year
Last Name
First
Year
John
1993
Murray
Iain
2023
Bich
Baron Marcel
1998
Murdoch
Frank J.
1996
Biddle
John
2009
Nicholson
Charles E.
1997
Blake
Sir Peter
1996
Osgood
Franklin
2020
Bond
Alan
2003
Packer
Sir Frank
1999
Brown
Capt. Richard "Old Dick"
1999
Paine
Genl. Charles J.
1996
Burgess
Edward
1994
Payne
Alan
2005
Burgess
W. Starling
1994
Peterson
Doug
2017
Burnham
Malin
2002
Phipps
Dean
2010
Butterworth
James E.
1999
Racamier
Henry
2019
Butterworth, O.B.E.
Brad
2004
Ratsey
Thomas
2009
Carstens
Capt. William F. "Willie"
1997
Riley
Dawn
2022
Cayard
Paul
2025
Robins
Noel
2013
Conner
Dennis
1993
Romagna
Victor A.
1994
Coutts
Russell
1996
Rosenfeld
Morris
1995
Cunningham
Briggs S.
1993
Rosenfeld
Stanley Z.
2002
Daubney
Simon
2010
Schnackenberg
Tom "Schnack"
2000
Davidson
Laurie
2007
Schuyler
George L.
1993
Drummond
Mike
2010
Sears
Henry
1995
du Moulin
Edward I.
2000
Shoebridge
Kevin
2024
Ellison
Lawrence "Larry" Joseph
2022
Simmer
Grant
2013
Fay
Sir Michael
2002
Sopwith
Thomas O.M.
1995
Ficker
William P. "Bill"
1993
Spithill
James "Jimmy"
2025
Fife III
William
2004
Steers
George
1998
Fisher
Robert "Bob"
2024
Stephens, II
Olin J.
1993
Fischer
Syd
2017
Stephens, Jr.
Roderick
1993
Fleury
Warwick
2010
Stevens
John Cox
1994
Haff
Capt. Henry C. "Hank"
2004
Sutphen
John S. "Jack"
2005
Hardy
Sir James "Gentleman Jim"
1994
Trenkle
William T. "Bill"
2019
Henn
Susan Matida
2025
Trouble
Bruno
2007
Herreshoff
Nathanael G.
1993
Turner
R.E. "Ted"
1993
Herreshoff
Halsey C.
2010
Van Dyck
Stephen A.
2006
Hood
Frederick E. "Ted"
1993
Vanderbilt
Harold S. "Mike"
1993
Hovey
Chandler
1996
Vanderbilt
Gertrude
1993
Hoyt
C. Sherman
1994
Vila
Juan
2024
Iselin
Edith Hope Goddard
2023
Vrolijk
Rolf
2020
Iselin
C. Oliver
1994
Watson
George L.
1995
Jewett
George F. "Fritz"
2005
Whidden
Thomas A.
2004
Jewett
Lucy M.
2013
Willis
Bryan
2020
Jobson
Gary
2003
Wilton
(Earl of)
2001
Jones
William .H. Dyer
2019
Wright
Jonathan
2012
Jones
Murray
2010
Wyndham-Quin (Dunraven)
Sir Windham Thomas
2016
Knapp, Jr.
Arthur W.
1995
Lambert
Gerard B.
2012
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Koch
William I. "Bill"
1993
Kramers
Dirk
2022
[For further information about America’s Cup Hall of Fame please visit
https://herreshoff.org/2020/03/achof2020inductees/]
National Sailing Hall of Fame [2011 - ]
Sponsorship: National Sailing Hall of Fame 2011-2022 – 69 Prince George Street, Annapolis MD 21401 2022 – 365 Thames Street, Newport RI 02840 401.324.5761 Format: Framed and double-matted Award Certificate bearing the logo of the NSHoF. Width: ~18 inches (19.05 cm) Height: ~14 inches (26.67 cm) Thickness: ~3/4 inch (1.6 cm) One of the most prestigious awards available to participants in America’s Cup. Open to crew, designers, builders, syndicate leaders and supporters, induction into the ACHoF National Sailing Hall of Fame Inductees Related to America’s Cup Campaigns (alphabetical) Last Name First Name Middle Nick Title Year Anderson Henry Hill Harry Jr. 2014 Baird Edward Ed 2016 Barr Charles Charlie Capt. 2011 Bavier Robert Newton N 2012 Bemis F Gregg 2012 Bentsen William Bruce Bill 2017 Blackhaller Thomas David Tom Jr 2013 Brun d'Avila Melo Vince 2018 Buchan William Carl 2021 Burgess William Starling 2013 Burnham Malin 2016 Cayard Paul Pierre 2011 Colgate Stephen Steve 2015 Conner Dennis 2011 Coumantaros George Stavros 2018 Cunningham Briggs S 2020 Doyle Robert E Robbie 2019 Etchells Elwood Skip 2023 Farr Bruce Kenneth 2022 Ficker William Peter Bill 2016 Finlay Conn Francis 2024 Haines Robert Bentley Jr. 2020 Hall Benjamin Staples 2024 Hall Eric Robert Dudley 2024 Herreshoff Nathanael Greene Capt.Nat 2011 Herreshoff Lewis Francis 2014 Hogan Timothy Tim 2023 Holmberg Peter 2023 Honey Sally 2023
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Hood Hunt Jobson Last Name Knapp Koch Kolius Kostecki Lapworth Marshall Mattison McKee Melges Melvin Morgan Moshbacher North O'Day Perkins Perry Peterson Riley Smyth Stephens Sterns Stevens Turner Ullman Vanderbilt Whidden
Frederick Charles Gary First Name Arthur William John John William John William Jonathan Harry James Charles Emil Lowell George Thomas Robert Douglas Dawn Randy Olin Richard John Robert David Harold Thomas
Emmart Raymond Alan Middle W Ingraham
Ted Ray
Paul
JK Bill
Knox Kroner Dunn C H
Orten Dyer James
Lyle James Cox Edward Charles Stirling Avery
Nick Bill
Title Jr.
Bill Buddy Pete Charley Bus
Jr.
Jr
Tom Bob Doug Randy Dick
II III
Ted Dave Mike Tom
II
2011 2017 2011 Year 2019 2018 2023 2012 2023 2023 2020 2022 2011 2024 2023 2011 2011 2014 2016 2023 2019 2021 2017 2011 2023 2012 2011 2016 2011 2017
For more information about the National Sailing Hall of Fame, including non-AC-related inductees, please visit https://nshof.org/hall-of-fame/
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Oldest Sporting Trophies
There has always been a need to recognize and honor those sportsmen who rise to the top of their endeavors. Over the years, these awards and trophies reflected the state of art and science of the era. But they all had a common component – the use of the precious metal Silver, and they clearly were intended to be displayed. The earliest prize, the Carlisle Bells in the late 1500s was a trophy of a pair of shiny silver bells to be proudly hung off the tack of the winning horse. The Doggett’s Coat and Badge from 1715 was a bright red jacket with a solid silver shoulder patch. The permanence of these trophies is a reflection of the respect for the accomplishment of these winners. Although there are others, the representative sample shown below is for the period of 1560 through 1900.
1. Carlisle Bells
Engraved: (smaller): Current Location:
[1560s & 1599] Sport: Flat Horse Racing Year Created: (larger) 1560s, (smaller) 1599 First Awarded: 1599 Donated by: Lady Jane Dacre (wife of Thomas Dacre of Naworth) Awarded by: Carlisle Bell Horse Race Origin: Carlisle, Cumbria, England Format: Silver Engraved (larger): “The sweftes horse thes bell to tak for mi lade Daker sake” (The swiftest horse this bell to take for my lady Dacre’s sake”) “1599 H.B.M.C.” Believed to commemorate Henry Baines, then Mayor of Carlisle Newmarket
This is the oldest sport trophy still contested. The Bells appeared to have been lost for many years until rediscovered in the late 19th Century in the town clerk’s office. _____
2. Scorton Silver Arrow [1673]
Sport: Archery Year Created: c.1673 First Awarded: 1673 Awarded by: The Society of Archers Origin: Scorton, Yorkshire, England Format: Current Location: Royal Armories, Leeds, England
Associated Award: Silver Bugle (1834) Associated Award: Gold Medal (1842) Associated Award: Gold Medal – High Score (1845) Photo credit: Winner is the first person who hits the black spot and is awarded the title of Captain of the Arrow; first to hit the red zone is named Lieutenant of the Arrow. _____
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3. Doggett’s Coat and Badge (1715)
Sport: Year Created: Awarded By: Format: Material:
Rowing – 4 miles 7 furlongs (7.4 km) 1715 Thomas Doggett, an English Comic Actor Orange colored livery with Badge representing Liberty Coat: Scarlet wool Badge: Solid silver Believed to be the oldest boat race and possibly the oldest continuous race in any sport was first raced in 1715; Doggett’s Coat and Badge Wager was originally rowed in 4 seat passenger “wherries, and since then in a variety of boat types. Held on the River Thames from London Bridge to Cadogan Pier, Chelsea, originally on August 1 (later more conveniently in September based on tides.) Figure 62 1890 Badge won by J T Sanson of Kew
_____
4. Royal Musselburgh Old Club Cup [1774]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by: First Awarded to: Origin: Format: Current Location: Photo credit:
Golf c.1774 c.1774 Royal Musselburgh Golf Club, Scotland Thomson McMillian, Shorthope (1874) Prestonpans, East Lothian, Scotland Prestongrange House at Prestonpans, Scotland National Club Golfer
Believed to be the oldest golf trophy still in contention. _____
5. The Cumberland Cup [1775]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Won by: Replica (shown) Silversmith: Material: Original Value Commissioned by: Replica Commissioned by: Regatta Sponsors:
211
Sailing 1775 July 13, 1775 (Destroyed by fire in 1776) Aurora (Mr. Parkes of Ludgate Hill)211 1912 R & S. Garrard Silver 20 Guineas Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strahearne By Club members as a gift for German Kaiser who admired the original Royal Thames Yacht Club (AKA “Cumberland Fleet”)
https://royalthames.clubhouseonline-e3.com/Racing-Calendar-2017_18/Cumberland_Cup_2018.aspx
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“On July 6, 1775, a notice appeared in the Public Advertiser,—a newspaper published in London, —which read as follows; "A silver Cup, the gift of His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, is to be sailed for on Tuesday the 11th Inst, from Westminster Bridge to Putney Bridge and back, by Pleasure Sailing Boats, and constantly lying above London Bridge. Any gentleman inclined to enter his Boat may be informed of particulars by applying to Mr. Roberts, Boatbuilder, Lambeth, at any time before Saturday Noon Next." There were between 18 and 20 entries for the race. This match, however, was not sailed until July 13th, owing to the weather. When it did occur, the cup, valued at 20 guineas, was won by the Aurora, which belonged to Mr. Parkes, "late of Ludgate Hill." And "His Royal Highness, who honored the sport with his presence, filled the Cup with wine, drank out of it, and delivered it to Mr. Parkes." This, though not the first open sailing-match held in England, was the germ of yacht-racing as we know it at the present day.” 212 Replica cup “surfaced” on the market in London in early 2000s and was acquired for the Club by an anonymous syndicate of members. [The Cups awarded for 1776, 1777, 1780, 1781 and 1782 are in possession of the Club.] Cumberland Cup Regatta is still run on the River Thames in London. _____
6. Southampton Ladies’ Regatta Cup
[1828]* Sport: Yacht Racing Year Created: 1828 First Awarded: 1828 Awarded by: Thomas Assheton Smith Cay The Yacht Club (predecessor to Royal Yacht Squadron), Cowes, England Won By: The Menai Cutter, 163 tons (1826) Silversmith: Emes & Barnard, London (1828) Origin: London, England Format: George IV silver-gilt cup and cover, vase shaped, heavily embossed and chased with laurel wreath and floral decoration, on circular foot similarly decorated, the cover with finial designed as a sailor with anchor. Height: 15 ½ inches (39.37 cm) Width: 9 inches (22.86 cm) Weight: 79.00 troy ounces Current Location: Wick Antiques, Ltd., Hampshire, UK Photo credit: Wick Antiques Engraving: obverse WON BY THE MENAI CUTTER
the Property of
T. Assheton Smith Cay
Engraving: reverse
THIS CUP is given by the Ladies RESIDING IN THE TOWN & NEIGHBORHOODS OF SOUTHHAMPTON To be contended for by Yachts of any tonnage at the REGATTA 1828
*A “nearly identical” cup was awarded at the 1827 Weymouth Regatta and is in the collection at the Victoria & Albert Museum _____
212
Id.
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7. “Wave” Trophy [1835]
Silversmith: Tiffany & Co. William Gale Owner: John Cox Stevens Height: 10.0 inches (25.4 cm) Diameter: 11.0 inches (27.9 cm) Foot diameter: 5.875 inches (14.9 cm) Weight: 4.6875 lbs. (2.126 kg) (68.359 troy ounces) Material: Coin silver (likely) Format: Punch bowl with gilded interior. Awarded to JCS’ yacht “Wave” for defeating Yacht Sylph on August 3, 1835. Photo Credit: R. Steven Tsuchiya Side 1 Cartouche Won by Schooner Yacht
Wave
Built for Commodore John C. Stevens 1832
Engravings on Wave Trophy Side 2 Cartouche Won by Schooner Yacht
Side 3 (no Cartouche) Presented by Commodore John C. Stevens
Wave
In race against Sylph owned by J. P. Cushing Esqr 1836
to Cambridge Livingston, Esqr. of New York
8. Royal Southern Yacht Club Regatta Cup [1843]
Sport: Yacht Racing Year Created: 1843 First Awarded: 1843 Awarded by: Royal Southern Yacht Club Won By: Blue Belle 38 ft, 25 Ton iron yacht Owner: Andrew Fountaine, Norfolk Silversmith: Edward, Edward Junior, John and William Barnard (1843) Origin: London, England Format: Victorian - Campana shaped on rococo spreading foot, the body chased with palm leaves and bulrushes, with dolphin handles, the body chased with a yacht race, engraved inscription and initials 'IA', marked on body Height: 9 5/8 inches (24.5 cm) Weight: 30.00 troy ounces Current Location: Christies Photo credit: Christies Engraving: obverse Won by the Blue Belle at Southampton 10th August 1843
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9. America’s Cup [1848]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by: Silversmith: Origin: Format: Current Location: Photo credit:
Yacht Racing 1848 1851 (as “Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns”) Royal Yacht Squadron, Cowes, England R. & S. Garrard Silversmiths London, England Silver Ewer RNZYS Auckland, New Zealand Wikimedia Commons
Oldest international sporting trophy _____
10. The Woodlawn Vase [1861]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Silversmith: Origin: Format: Height: Weight: Current Value:
Preakness Stakes Horse Race 1861 1861 Tiffany & Co. New York, USA Sterling Silver 0.925 (92 cm) (13.6 kg) $4,000,000 ______
11. Golf Champion Trophy “Claret Jug” [1872]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by: Silversmith: Origin: Format: Photo credit:
Golf (British Open) 1872 1873 Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, Royal and Ancient Golf, Club, Prestwick Golf Club Mackay Cunningham & Company of Edinburgh (£30) Edinburgh, Scotland Silver Ewer Dan Perry
Winner’s name is engraved on the Jug and winner is allowed to keep the trophy for one year. Winner is then presented with a replica as a keeper, and the original is returned to competition.
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12. Scottish Cup Trophy [March 21, 1874]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by:
Football/Soccer 1874 1874 Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, Royal and Ancient Golf, Club, Prestwick Golf Club Silversmith: George Edward and Sons Origin: Glasgow, Scotland Format: Silver Ewer Height: 19 5/8 inches (50 cm) Weight: 4.96 lbs. (2.25 kg) Original Cost: £56 and 13 shillings (£5927.50/$7718.42 in 2018) Current Location: Scottish Football Museum, St. Johnstone (since 2014) Photo credit: Isaac Freeman Wikimedia Replica is given to tournament winners.
13. Wimbledon Trophies [1877]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by: Silversmith: Origin: Format (men): Height: Format (women): Diameter: Original Cost: Current Location: Photo credit: Inscription: World”
Tennis 1874 1877 All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club London George Edward and Sons Glasgow, Scotland Gilt silver cup. Pineapple on top “remains a mystery” 18 ½ inches (47 cm) “Venus Rosewater Dish” 19 inches (48 cm) £56 and 13 shillings (£5927.50/$7718.42 in 2018) Benjamin Villoslada I Gil “All England Lawn Tennis club single Handed Championship of the
Original trophy remains the property of the All England Club. Winners receive a ¾ size replica that bears the names of past winners. _____
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14. Calcutta Cup [1878]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by: Silversmith: Origin: Format: cobras and an elephant Height: Original Cost: Current Location: Photo credit:
Rugby 1878 1879 Rugby Football Union George Edward and Sons Kolkata, India Silver Ewer, Indian workmanship decorated with 17 ¾ inches (45 cm) £60 (the value of 270 melted silver rupee coins) Rugby Football Union
Correctly called “The Olde Mug” or “Auld Mug”
_____
15. The Ashes Urn [c.1882-3]
Sport: Cricket Year Created: 1882 First Awarded: late 1882 or early 1883 Awarded by: Ashes Series of Test (but has never actually been presented to winners) Origin: Sunbury, Australia Format: Terracotta Height: 4 3/8 inches (11 cm) Contents: “a burned cricket ball” Current Location: MCC Cricket Museum at Lords Photo credit: In 1998-99 an urn-shaped award called the MCC Waterford Crystal Trophy was introduced, as the original is too delicate to be handled.
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16. Stanley Cup [March 18, 1892]
Sport: Year Created: First Awarded: Awarded by:
Ice Hockey 1892 May 15, 1893 Sir Fredrick Arthur Stanley, Lord Stanley of Preston National Hockey Association (1910) National Hockey League (1917) Silversmith: G. R. Collis & Co, London Origin: Dominion of Canada Format: Silver (original); Silver and nickel alloy (current) Height overall: 35 ¼ inches (89.54 cm) Height of original bowl: 7.28 inches (18.5 cm) original; 7 ½ inches (19.05 cm) (current) Diameter of original bowl: 11.42 inches (29.8 cm)original; 11 ¼ inches (28.57 cm) (current) Circumference of bowl: 35 inches (88.9 cm) Weight: 34.5 lbs. (15.5 kg) Collar: 6 ¼ inches (15.87 cm) Shoulder: 3 ¼ inches (8.25 cm) Barrel: 18 ¼ inches (46.35 cm) Base: 17 ¼ inches dia. (43.81 cm) Original Cost: 10 Guineas ($50 in 1892) Engravers: Only 4 official engravers: Doug and Eric Peterson (2 generations); Doug Boffey Silversmiths; Louise St. Jacques. There are currently 2,528 names on the Cup (plus one consisting of 16 “X’s” that covered a name that was not part of the NFL. Letters are 1/32 inch deep. Current Location: Invista Center, 1350 Gardiners Road, Kingston ON Canada Photo credit: Alex Goykhman
______
17a. Olympic Silver Cup for Marathon Race [1896]
Presented to Syndon Louis, Winner of Marathon Race 1896 First Olympiad, Athens, Greece.
_____
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17b. Olympic Medals
[1896] Designed by: J. C. Chaplain (1839-1909) Diameter: 2 inches (5cm) diameter. Inscribed: (obverse) “Olympia” (edge) “Argent” (reverse) “First International Olympic Games” First Place – Silver Medal (silver was more valuable at the time than gold) Second Place – Gold Medal (gold medals were not issued until 1904) Third Place – Bronze Medal “The first, first-place Olympic Medal was intended to be awarded to the winner of the boat race that year. However, strong winds and rough seas forced cancellation of the event and thus the winners were withdrawn. Upon their return to the Greek Royal Palace, the medals were gifted to Nikolaos Stavridis, the doctor to the palace.” [per Christies Auction house] The original Olympics awarded only a wreath of olive leaves from a tree near Zeus’ temple. Medals are a feature of the “Modern Olympics” begun in 1896. Sailing was again included in 1900, and since 1908, sailing has been featured in 26 Olympics, with 10 Medal Events, resulting in 165 Gold, 157 Silver, 150 Bronze, for a total of 472 medals
_____
18. The Challenge Cup [July 1897]
Figure 63
The Cups
Sport: Rugby Year Created: 1897 First Awarded: 1897 Awarded by: Northern Rugby Football Union Silversmith: Fattorini & Sons Material: Silver Origin: Bradford Height: 36 inches (91.44 cm) on 8 inch (20.32 cm) black ebony base Original Cost: £60 Current Location: Photo credit: ______
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
19. August Belmont Memorial Cup [1897]
Sport: Horse Racing Year Created: 1897 Silversmith: Tiffany & Co. (1896) Design By: George Paulding-Fartham Commissioned by: August Belmont, Jr. Awarded By: New York Racing Association (perpetual) Donated By: August Belmont Family Height: 27 inches (68.58 cm) Width (top) 15 inches (38.1 cm) Width (base) 14 inches (35.56 cm) Weight: 350 ounces (319.01 troy ounces) Material: 0.965 Sterling silver Original cost: $1000. Figure 64 Format: Acorn-shaped bowl that features a prominent acorn and oak motif on a pedestal foundation of three stallions: Eclipse, Matchem and Herod. Atop the lid of the bowl is a small representation of racehorse Fenian wo won the race for the senior Belmont in 1869 Keeper Trophy: Since 1926, the owner is presented with a large silver plate which lists all prior winners of the Belmont Stakes, by the Westchester Racing Association. The winning trainer, jockey and exercise rider are also given silver trays. The winning groom is given “race mementos.” _____
Worst Design Trophy “If you’re wondering about the trophy… don’t ask, don’t tell! Just kidding, it’s the 3rd place trophy awarded at the Army National Guard’s annual Combative’s Tournament. Said by some to be the worst-designed trophy EVER, at least it gives competitors a little extra incentive to win 2nd or 1st place – not that there’s anything wrong with that.”
Most Expensive Trophies? Interesting but questionable. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2VoppIEn88 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2VoppIEn88
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America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Oldest Sailing Regattas 213 1775 – Cumberland Cup, organized by the Royal Thames Yacht Club, UK 1777 – Lough Ree Regatta, organized by Athlone Yacht Club, Ireland. 1792 – Whitstable Regatta UK 1822 – Port of Dartmouth Royal Regatta, Dartmouth, UK 1823 – Port of Plymouth Regatta, Plymouth, UK 1826 – Cowes Week, Isle of Wight, UK 1828 – Kingstown Regatta, (now renamed Dun Laoghaire), Ireland[3] 1828 – Royal Harwich Regatta, Harwich, UK 1834 – Lough Derg Regatta, at Killaloe, Williamstown and Drumineer, Ireland.[4] 1837 – Sydney Australia Day Regatta, held every year since 1837, the longest running without a break 1838 – Royal Hobart Regatta, Australia 1840 – Auckland Anniversary Regatta, New Zealand 1844 – Royal Geelong Regatta / Audi Victoria Week, Royal Geelong Yacht Club, Australia 1845 – New York Yacht Club Regatta, United States 1849 – Pass Christian Regatta Club on July 21, 1849; twelve boats participated. First regatta on the U.S. Gulf Coast 1849 – Sandy Bay Australia Day Regatta Australia 1850 – Race to the Coast, Southern Yacht Club Regatta. Oldest continuously running regatta in the Western Hemisphere United States 1851 – America's Cup, usually competed for in the country of the current defender/holder 1851 – Port Esperance Regatta, Australia 1856 – Chester Race Week,[5] Nova Scotia, Canada 1857 – Gorey Regatta, Jersey, Channel Islands 1882 – Kiel Week, Kiel, Germany 1885 – Appledore & Instow Regatta, North Devon, UK 1886 – Torbay Royal Regatta, Torbay, UK 1894 – Britannia Boating Club, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
America’s Cup Trophy & Prizes Design Contest “June 28, 2015
Calling it “an opportunity for local artists to showcase their design skills”, the America’s Cup Event Authority [ACEA] is inviting artists to submit an outline for a “uniquely Bermuda trophy and/or prizes design”, saying they will commission one winning artist to design and produce an authentic trophy for the winning team and one artist to design and produce prizes for the top three ranked teams participating in the ACWS Bermuda event. The full promo from the ACEA is below: Calling all artists, artisans and graphic designers in Bermuda! You’re invited to submit an outline for your uniquely Bermuda trophy and/or prizes design. The first races of the America’s Cup in Bermuda take place this year with the America’s Cup World Series [ACWS] from Friday, October 16th through Sunday, October 18th, 2015. This is an opportunity for local artists to showcase their design skills in a special competition. The America’s Cup Event Authority [ACEA] will commission one winning artist to design and produce an authentic trophy for the winning team and one artist to design and produce prizes for the top three ranked teams participating in the ACWS Bermuda event. Awards Breakdown: Each team consists of 5 crew members. 3 teams will be called to the podium Rank 1 [gold]
213
Wikipedia “Boat Racing - sailing”.
The Cups
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Rank 2 [silver] Rank 3 [bronze] Each team member for ranks 1, 2, and 3 shall receive a prize [artwork, jewelry, etc.]. Total of 15 prizes. The skipper of the winning team shall receive the Bermuda ACWS 2015 trophy. Eligibility: The Trophy & Prizes Design Contest is open to Bermudian residents only. Board members and immediate family members of the ACBDA and ACEA are not eligible. Entries: submissions must be a digital file PDF or JPG format [300 dpi], 20MB maximum file size and can be sent via email to community@americascup.com along with artist’s full name, phone number and email address. Dates: Call for submissions starts: Monday, June 1st Deadline for submissions of design concept idea and budget: Wednesday, July 1st Artist selection: w/c Monday, July 20th Selected artist notified: Monday, August 3rd Final artwork delivered to ACEA: Monday, August 17th Trophy and prizes submitted to ACEA: Thursday, October 1st ACWS Bermuda Awards Ceremony: Sunday, October 18th Compensation: ACEA will reimburse the commissioned artists for the cost of producing the trophy and/or prizes. Submissions must also include a draft budget. Please note that copyright of the art will be transferred to the America’s Cup. Selection: The selected artist will be notified via phone or e-mail. If the selected artist does not respond to an email notice and/or phone calls of selection in a timely manner, an alternate artist may be selected at the sole discretion of the Selection Committee. The Selection Committee will consist of America’s Cup Bermuda and ACEA representatives as well as community representatives from local arts & cultural organizations including visual arts experts, artists, curators and art historians.”
Version 1.3
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America’s Cup Compendium
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Index to Figures and photo credits ID
Description
Page
Source
Fig 1
Site of Crystal Palace
10
On line
Fig 2
Interior of Crystal Palace
11
On line
Fig 3
Plans of Crystal Palace
14
On line
Fig 4
Yankee Locksmith at Expo
14
On line
Fig 5
RYS Regatta Poster
15
Royal Yacht Squadron
Fig 6
Garrard 1848 Ewer
19
On line
Fig 7
Goldsmiths' Hallmark Swan Punches
23
Goldsmiths' Hall
Fig 8
The Maker's Mark
24
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 9
The Town Mark
24
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 10
The Standard Mark
24
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 11
Millesimal Fineness Mark
24
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 12
The Date Letter Mark
24
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 13
The Duty Mark
25
Goldsmiths’ Hall
Fig 14
Tiffany & Co. 1837
27
Tiffany & Co.
Fig 15
Chas. Lewis Tiffany
28
Tiffany & Co.
Fig 16
Tiffany Advertisement for Yacht Trophies
29
Tiffany & Co.
Fig 17
Naylor Brothers trademark
31
Garrard &*Co.
Fig 18
Scrolled Baluster Handle
32
M R Holland
Fig 19
Floral Bloom at base of Handle App Type A
32
M R Holland
Fig 20
Spout Brim App Type A
35
M R Holland
Fig 21
App Type D
36
M R Holland
Fig 22
App Type E
36
M R Holland
Fig 23
App Type F
37
M R Holland
Fig 24
App Type G
37
M R Holland
Fig 25
Upper Body showing App H, I ,J & Lobes
38
M R Holland
Fig 26
Photo Top of Main Body
38
M R Holland
Fig 27
App Type H
39
M R Holland
Fig 28
App Type I
39
M R Holland
Fig 29
App Type J - Front View
39
M R Holland
Fig 30
App Type J - Side View
39
M R Holland
Fig 31
Photo Lower Body
40
M R Holland
Fig 32
App Type K
40
M R Holland
Fig 33
App Type L
40
M R Holland
Fig 34
Bulbous Large Ring Photo
41
M R Holland
Fig 35
App Type SB
42
M R Holland
Fig 36
App Type M
43
M R Holland
Fig 37
Photo Underside of Foot
44
Jack Griffin
Fig N
App Type J Coiffed Female Bust Closeup
46
M R Holland
Fig O
View of Spout from Below
46
M R Holland
The Cups
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Fig P
Lower Section of Cup
46
M R Holland
Fig Q
Apps salvaged during 1997 Repair
46
Jack Griffin
Fig R
App Type F Grotesque Mask strapwork detail
47
M R Holland
Fig S
App Type J seen from above and Applique I strapwork
47
M R Holland
Fig T
App Type H Arabesque Stud detail
47
M R Holland
Fig U
App Type I strapwork detail
47
M R Holland
Fig V
App Type D Strapwork detail
47
M R Holland
Fig W
App Type K Mascarone detail
47
M R Holland
Fig 38
1902/1923 Cup Photo Comparison
49
M R Holland and on line
Fig 39
PUCK Sept 4, 1895
51
Library of Congress
Fig 40
PUCK April 29, 1903
51
Library of Congress
Fig 41
PUCK Aug 26, 1903
51
Library of Congress
Fig 42
PUCK Aug 5, 1903
52
Library of Congress
Fig 43
PUCK Sept 25, 1903
52
Library of Congress
Fig 44
PUCK Nov 4, 1900
52
Library of Congress
Fig 45
PUCK Oct 9, 1895
52
Library of Congress
Fig 46
PUCK Sept 25, 1901
52
Library of Congress
Fig 47
Harper's Weekly May 22,1891
58
Library of Congress
Fig 48
Tiffany Safe Deposit Receipt 1915
59
NYYC Archives
Fig 49
New Yorker Magazine Cover 1934
60
eBay on line
Fig 50
First Plinth - c.1958
61
Garrard & Co.
Fig 51
Sports Illustrated Cover 1958
63
on line
Fig 52
RPYC Floor Plate 1972
63
Newspaper Archives
Fig 53
Rob and Lois Marvelle at Marble House
56
Newspaper Archives
Fig 54
W. A. Auto License Plate 983
68
on line
Fig 55
Customs Today Cover 1987
69
on line
Fig 56
Sports Illustrated Cover 1987
69
on line
Fig 57
Jack Keith - Keeper of the Cup
70
on line
Fig 58
New Yorker Cartoon 1987
71
on line
Fig 59
Nathan Booking Photo
76
NZ Police Archives
Fig 60
Evidence Photo of Sledgehammer
76
NZ Police Archives
Fig 61
Evidence Photo #10 of Crime Scene
77
NZ Police Archives
Fig 62
Evidence Photo #21 of Crime Scene
78
NZ Police Archives
Fig 63
TRLO Membership Card
80
NZ Police Archives
Fig 64
Māori Tee Shirt worn at Scene
80
NZ Police Archives
Fig 65
Evidence Photo #22 of Crime Scene
86
NZ Police Archives
Fig 66
Evidence Photo #23 of Crime Scene
86
NZ Police Archives
Fig 67
Evidence Photo #24 of Crime Scene
87
NZ Police Archives
Fig 68
Cup on arrival at Garrard
88
Garrard & Co.
Fig 69
Unpacking damaged Cup at Garrard
90
Garrard & Co.
Fig 70
Silversmith Rod Hingston and Project
91
Garrard & Co.
Fig 71
Inspecting Damages
91
Garrard & Co.
Fig 72
Cruet/Spout
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 73
Holloware Handle
92
Garrard & Co.
Version 1.3
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Fig 74
Upper Body
Fig 75
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
92
Garrard & Co.
Lower Body
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 76
Showing Bolt protruding from Cruet
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 77
Hingston Smoothing dents from lobe
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 78
Hingston Recrafting lower body
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 79
Hingston with cut out and replaced areas
92
Garrard & Co.
Fig 80
Hingston inspecting the handle
93
Garrard & Co.
Fig 81
Hingston Annealing the Cup
93
Garrard & Co.
Fig 82
Hingston reshaping the upper body
93
Garrard & Co.
Fig 83
The Bolt
94
Garrard & Co.
Fig 84
New Engraving on the Main Body
95
Garrard & Co.
Fig 85
Geoffrey Stocker works on Upper Body
95
Garrard & Co.
Fig 86
Disassembled Upper and Cruet
95
Garrard & Co.
Fig 87
Hingston Annealing the Cup
95
Garrard & Co.
Fig 88
Stocker engraving the Lower Body Panels
96
Garrard & Co.
Fig 89
The Restored Cup
96
Garrard & Co.
Fig 90
RNZYS New Display Case
99
M R Holland
Fig 91
Un-repairable segments of the Cup
100
Jack Griffin
Fig 92
Recovered Lower Body
100
Jack Griffin
Fig 93
Recovered Lobe
100
Jack Griffin
Fig 94
Repaired Segment held up to original trophy
101
Garrard & Co.
Fig 95
Photo of new Tube from original plinth
101
Breeze Magazine
Fig 96
Silver ingot cast from scrap from repairs
101
Breeze Magazine
Fig 97
Silver Cup - disassembled
102
Breeze Magazine
Fig 98
AC Display enclosure at SNG in Valencia
104
SNG
Fig 99
Silversmith Rick Biro polishing the Cup
105
Biro & Sons
Fig 100
Oracle team and Cup at White House
105
on line
Fig 101
Plinth 1 showing 1995 Engraving
111
Jack Griffin
Fig 102
"Unauthorized" Garrard Engraving
112
Jack Griffin
Fig 103
Re-engraved silver ingot
113
Breeze Magazine
Fig 104
2021 Engraving of Pinth 2
113
Jack Griffin
Fig 105
J. C. Steven's Suggested Cup Engraving 1852
114
R. Steven Tsuchiya
Fig 106
Hallmarks on Spout
117
Jack Griffin
Fig 107
Detail photo - Lobe 1
117
M R Holland
Fig 108
Detail photo - Lobe 2
119
M R Holland
Fig 109
Detail photo - Lobe 3
120
M R Holland
Fig 110
Detail photo - Lobe 4
121
M R Holland
Fig 111
Detail photo - Lobe 5
122
M R Holland
Fig 112
Detail photo - Lobe 6
123
M R Holland
Fig 113
Detail photo - Center Panel 1 (1885)
124
M R Holland
Fig 114
Detail photo - Center Panel 2 (1886)
124
M R Holland
Fig 115
Detail photo - Center Panel 3 (1887)
125
M R Holland
Fig 116
Detail photo - Center Panel 4 (1893)
125
M R Holland
Fig 117
Detail photo - Center Panel 5 (1895)
126
M R Holland
The Cups
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Fig 118
Detail photo - Center Panel 6 (1885)
126
M R Holland
Fig 119
Detail photos (3) - Hallmark Stamps
128
M R Holland
Fig 120
GARRARD engraving on Foot of Plinth
142
Garrard & Co.
Fig 121
Second Plinth and Internal Support
143
RNZYS
Fig 122
Inside Plate re: Restoration 1997
143
Garrard & Co.
Fig 123
The Bolt 1983
147
Newspaper Archives
Fig 124
NYYC Bolt Cartoon Frank Benier
147
Daily Mirror, Sydney AU
Fig 125
Detail - Head of the Bolt
149
Newspaper Archives
Fig 126
The Bolt - Missing The Nut!
149
Newspaper Archives
Fig 127
Base I - RPYC 1983-1987
150
on line
Fig 128
Base II - RNZYS 1987-2003
150
on line
Fig 129
Base III - Alinghi June 2007
150
on line
Fig 130
Base IV - Alinghi Feb 2010
151
on line
Fig 131
Base V - Oracle 2010
151
on line
Fig 132
Base V - Oracle 2010
151
RNZYS
Fig 133
Cup on arrival at in Australia
153
Nat Lib of Australia
Fig 134
1983 LV Trunk in Epi Blue Leather
155
on line
Fig 135
2003 SNG "Accord" Case - open
158
Jack Griffin
Fig 136
2003 SNG "Accord" Case - front
158
Jack Griffin
Fig 137
2003 SNG "Accord" Case - side
158
Jack Griffin
Fig 138
Key for LV AC Trunk sent from ACM
160
Jack Griffin
Fig 139
2015 Louis Vuitton trunk
162
Louis Vuitton
Fig 140
2015 Louis Vuitton trunk with Cup
162
Louis Vuitton
Fig 141
2015 Louis Vuitton trunk details
162
Louis Vuitton
Fig 142
2018 PRADA trunk - open
164
PRADA
Fig 143
2018 PRADA trunk - closed
164
PRADA
Fig 144
2018 North Sails Trunk
166
Jack Griffin
Fig 145
Garrard 1968 Claret Jug and brochure
171
Jack Griffin
TROPHIES OTHER THAN GARRARD’S 1848 EWER (AMERICA’S CUP) Fig C-1
Charles Francis Adams Memorial Trophy
177
Eastern Yacht Club
Fig C-2
Charles Francis Adams
177
on line
Fig C-3
Livonia Trophy
178
Mystic Seaport
Fig C-4
Cape May Challenge Cup
179
on line
Fig C-5
Madeleine Cup
179
on line
Fig C-6
Sloop Yacht Mischief Trophy
180
on line
Fig C-7
Puritan Genesta Decanter (front)
180
Eastern Yacht Club
Fig C-8
Puritan Genesta Decanter (rear)
181
Eastern Yacht Club
Fig C-9
Yacht Priscilla Trophy
182
on line
Fig C-10
Yacht Mayflower Trophy
182
on line
Fig C-11
Goelet Cup 1886
183
on line
Fig C-12
Yacht Volunteer Trophy
184
on line
Fig C-13
Newport Citizen's Cup
184
Heritage Auctions
Fig C-14
Newport Citizen's Cup
184
Heritage Auctions
Fig C-15
Goelet Cup 1888
185
on line
Version 1.3
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Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Fig C-16
Goelet Cup for Schooners 1892
185
on line
Fig C-17
Goelet Cup for Sloops 1893
186
Heritage Auctions
Fig C-18
John Jacob Astor Cups 1893
187
on line
Fig C-18
Astor Cup 1893
187
Heritage Auctions
Fig C-20
Commodore Caldwell H. Colt Cup
188
on line
Fig C-21
Yacht Vigilant Trophy 1893
188
on line
Fig C-22
Defender Trophy 1895
189
on line
Fig C-23
W. Gould Brokaw Cup 1899
189
on line
Fig C-24
Goelet Cup 1924
189
on line
Fig C-25
New York Yacht Club Cup 1926
190
on line
Fig C-26
Enterprise Medallion (1930) front
191
on line
Fig C-27
Enterprise Medallion (1930) rear
191
on line
Fig C-28
Vanderbilt Crystal Trophy Cup 1937
191
Chris Jussel Antiques
Fig C-29
100 Year Anniversary Comm.Bowl 1951
192
on line
Fig C-30
Herbert C. Pell Cup 1958 (front)
193
on line
Fig C-31
Herbert C. Pell Cup 1958 (rear)
193
on line
Fig C-32
Herbert C. Pell
193
on line
Fig C-33
Pell Cup "Keeper Trophy"
194
M R Holland
Fig C-34
Defender's Cup 1962
196
Newport Daily News
Fig C-35
Nathanael G. Herreshoff Trophy 1962
196
Herreshoff
Fig C-36
Governor's Gift 1964
197
on line
Fig C-37
New York Yacht Club Medal 1964
198
M R Holland
Fig C-38
Knickerbocker Yacht Club Centennial Trophy
199
on line
Fig C-39
Swedish Challenge Trophy 1980
200
on line
Fig C-40
America's Plate
200
on line
Fig C-41
America's Plate w Ben Lexcen
200
on line
Fig C-42
Moet America's Cup Salmanazar 1987
201
Carol Iselin/David Sugar
Fig C-43
Citizen Cup
202
Tiffany & Co.
Fig C-44
Government of NZ Medallion 1995
203
on line
Fig C-45
Sir Thomas Lipton Loving Cup 1930
204
Riverside Museum
Fig C-46
Sir Thomas Lipton Loving Cup Base 1930
205
Riverside Museum
Fig C-47
Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy 1961
206
on line
Fig C-48
Sir Thomas Lipton
206
on line
Fig C-49
Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Cup 1970
207
RUYC
Fig C-50
Louis Vuitton Cup 1.0 1982
208
Louis Vuitton
Fig C-51
Louis Vuitton Cup 2.0 2013
209
Louis Vuitton
Fig C-52
Louis Vuitton Cup Travel Trunk 1992
209
Louis Vuitton
Fig C-53
Louis Vuitton AC Challenge Trophy 2017
211
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-54
Louis Vuitton AC Challenge Trophy 2017
212
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-55
Puifuit Design for LV Cup 1960
212
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-56
Louis Vuitton AC Challenge Trophy 2017
212
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-57
Louis Vuitton AC Challenge Trophy 2017
212
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-58
Louis Vuitton AC Challenge Trophy 2017
214
Thomas Lyte
Fig C-59
America's Cup World Series Trophy
216
GIFRE
The Cups
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Fig C-60
Pere Gifre
Fig C-61
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
216
GIFRE
Portsmouth Victory Trophy 2015
217
R. Squires
Fig C-62
Portsmouth Victory Trophy 2015
217
R. Squires
Fig C-63
Portsmouth Endeavour Trophy 2015
218
R. Squires
Fig C-64
Omani Trophy
218
on line
Fig C-65
World Series Trophy Bermuda
219
Meredith Andrews
Fig C-66
World Series Cup NYC 2016
220
Steuben Glass Museum
Fig C-67
Victory Trophy 2016
221
R. Squires
Fig C-68
Mr. Kay's Design
222
R. Squires
Fig C-69
Endeavor Trophies 2016
222
R. Squires
Fig C-70
Louis Vuitton AC World Series Toulon 2016
223
on line
Fig C-71
Louis Vuitton AC World Series Fukuoka 2016
223
on line
Fig C-72
Vilanova L Geltru Cup 2023
224
pending
Fig C-73
NEOM Cup 2023
224
on line
Fig C-74
Patrizio Bertelli
225
PRADA
Fig C-75
Marc Newson
225
Armando Turellio
Fig C-76
Prada Cup 2021
227
PRADA
Fig C-77
Prada America's Cup World Series 2020
229
PRADA
Fig C-78
Prada Christmas and ACWS Cups 2020
229
PRADA
Fig C-79
Prada Christmas Cups 2020
230
PRADA
Fig C-80
Racecourse Turning Marks
231
PRADA
Fig C-81
AC Hall of Fame Award 1992
232
M R Holland
Fig C-82
National Sailing Hall of Fame Award 2011
234
M R Holland
Fig C-83
National Sailing Hall of Fame Medallion
235
M R Holland
Fig C-84
Carlisle Bells 1560/1599
236
on line
Fig C-85
Scorton Silver Arrow 1673
236
on line
Fig C-86
Dogget's Coat and Badge
237
on line
Fig C-87
Royal Musselburgh Old Club Cup 1774
237
on line
Fig C-88
The Cumberland Cup 1775
237
on line
Fig C-89
Southampton Ladies' Regatta Cup 1828
238
on line
Fig C-90
Wave Trophy 1835
239
R. Steven Tsuchiya
Fig C-91
Royal Southern YC Regatta Cup
239
Christies
Fig C-92
America's Cup 1848
240
Wikipedia Commons
Fig C-93
The Woodland Vase 1861
240
on line
Fig C-94
Golf Champion Trophy Claret Jug 1872
240
Dan Perry
Fig C-95
Scottish Cup Trophy 1874
241
Issac Freeman
Fig C-96
The Wimbledon Trophies 1877
241
B. Villoslada I Gil
Fig C-97
Calcutta Cup 1878
242
on line
Fig C-98
The Ashes Urn 1882-3
242
on line
Fig C-99
Stanley Cup 1892 (2 pics)
243
Alex Goykhman
Fig C-100
Olympic Silver Cup for Marathon 1896
243
on line
Fig C-101
Olympic Medals 1896
244
on line
Fig C-102
Challenge Cup 1897
244
on line
Fig C-103
August Belmont Memorial Cup 1897
245
on line
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America’s Cup Compendium
Fig C-104
Including Herbert Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
Worst Design Trophy
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About the Authors Karolina Stefanski, Ph.D. Dr. Stefanski is a leading art historian. Her dissertation explored the influence of French Empire Style in Silver from Berlin, Warsaw and Vienna, 1797-1848. She is an author for both lifestyle publications and academic journals. Dr. Stefanski is the Yachting and Silver Ambassador for Robbe & Berking, one of the world’s leading silversmiths. She holds a masters from the Institut national d’histoire de l’art (INHA, Paris-Sorbonne) and a Ph.D. from the Technical University of Berlin. She is fluent in German, English, French and Polish. Jack Griffin is an America's Cup historian and modern chronicler. He serves on the Selection Committee of the America's Cup Hall of Fame and is the International Liaison for the Herreshoff Marine Museum, home of the America's Cup Hall of Fame. Griffin's book Turning the Tide - How Oracle Team USA Defended the America's Cup tells the definitive story of the 2013 America's Cup competition in San Francisco. He writes a monthly column on the America's Cup for Seahorse Magazine and is the editor of a well-respected website CupExperience.com. Based in Switzerland, Griffin holds a degree in electrical engineering from Princeton University and is fluent in English, French and German. Mark Robinson Holland is an America’s Cup historian and researcher. After retiring as a successful Architect Emeritus, he began the multi-year research project that will culminate in the publication of America’s Cup Compendium: a record of every yacht, yachtsman, owner, designer and club, in addition to logs of every America’s Cup final race regatta and each observation, qualifying and elimination race that led up to the finals during each “Cup” year. “The Cups” is a look at not only the famous America’s Cup, but at all of the trophies and awards bestowed on the competitors leading up to the finals. Mark is married and lives in Massachusetts, USA. We would also like to acknowledge the following individuals without whose help this research work would not have been possible. Claudia Ferrini - PRADA Sara Paesani - Luna Rossa Challenge PR & Communications Manager Elizabeth Frood - Marc Newson Ltd Helen Sowinski – Librarian and Archivist (IYRS) International Yacht Restoration School, Newport RI Steven C. Bender – Steuben-Corning Museum of Glass Kathy K. McGinnis - Steuben Glass Amelie de Cagny Weygand - Director Marketing Operations & Communications PURIFORCA, Paris Mahe Cusey - Hermes of Paris Olivier Pechou - Hermes of Paris Sami Lill - Ubersuperduper, Bermuda Isabel Hahn - Glasbau-Hahn, Germany Marcus Knecht - Glasbau Hahn, Germany Peter Hohenstatt - Glasbau-Hahn, Germany Moira Murphy - Tiffany & Co., NYC Archive Department - Tiffany & Co., NYC Bill Tavares - Newport Mansions Ronna Woodward – Historical Committee Chair, Eastern Yacht Club, MA Willa Anderson - Redwood Library Tech Services Librarian, Newport RI Patricia Pettit - Redwood Library, Newport RI Alice Dickson – New York Yacht Club, Silver Curator Hayden Porter – Royal New Zealand Yacht Club R. Steven Tsuchiya – America’s Cup Historian and author Hamish Ross – Attorney and AC Historian, Auckland NZ Christina Vignone – Assoc. Archivist and Manager of Research Services - Tiffany & Co. NYC Jay Coogan – President IYRS, Newport RI Gary Jobson – AC Winning Skipper and author Marybeth Quinlan - Collections Access and Research Manager Mystic Seaport CRC Mary Ann Stets - Curator of Photography, Mystic Seaport, Connecticut Francesco Longanesi Cattani - PRADA Collections Research Center - Mystic Seaport, Connecticut Charlotte Butter – Garrard & Co., London
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Nick at INEOS Team UK Media Peter A. Gerard Commodore Dyer Jones, Ret. NYYC Phil Crowther – Archivist and researcher Museum of Yachting, Newport RI Commodore Simon J. Davidson Ida Lewis Yacht Club Michelle Farias - Redwood Library Archivist and Special Collections Librarian, Newport RI Norene Rickson - Herreshoff Librarian Archivist, Bristol CT Mike Toppa - North Sails Willa Anderson – Redwood Library, Newport RI Jon Readhead – Royal Perth Yacht Club Archivist, Perth Western Australia Amauni B. - Client Services Louis Vuitton, New York Brian P. Carlson - GM San Diego Yacht Club Vanessa Cameron - Librarian and Archivist NYYC Ashley Selima - State Archivist and Public Records Administrator RI Kenneth Carlson - SAPRA RI Jen Anderson - National Library of New Zealand Alexander Turnbull Library Natalia Maldonado - Project Coordinator GIFRE Richard Wingfield - RNZYS Cooper Hopman - RNZYS Kieran Raftery – State Prosecutor, Auckland Jeff Carr -Archivist Archives New Zealand Hon. Pete Dunne - MP NZ Francis Frost - Archivist and Librarian IYRS Jessica Aitken - Curator of Collections New Zealand Police Museum Rowan Carroll - NZ Police Jannette Dalley - NZ Hearld Sr Sgt Shaun Richardson - NZ Police Tahanee Taurakoto Deputy Registrar Case Manager, Auckland District Court Judge Glubb - Auckland District Court Daniel Carter - NZ Maritime Museum Archives and Library Manager James R. Grundage - US Coast Guard Sarah Wiblin – Manager, RNZYS Norbert Bajurin, former Commodore GGYC Garrard Letters from: W. H. Summers, Director Richard Jarvis, Director Steven Samson, Assistant Manager Nicholas Winter, Dep. Managing Director Emma Kerr Muir, PR Manager Allison Acton, Press Relations Tania Moore, Press Relations
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THE TRIAL
The following is the transcript of the actual testimony heard during the trial of Benjamin Peri Nathan. The Trial (Case 146/97) was held at the Auckland District Court, Auckland, New Zealand between 1 and 4 September 1997 with the Honorable Barry Neil Morris presiding, and a twelve-person jury. The records of the trial were provided with the generous cooperation of the New Zealand Archives, Auckland District Court Duty Judge Kevin Glubb, and Ms. Tahanee Taurakoto, Deputy Registrar of the Court. The original transcript has been reformatted to conserve space. Some spelling has been adjusted from “Stenotype” for ease of reading. Footnotes of Annotation are those of the authors.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT HELD AT AUCKLAND
T No. 146/97
QUEEN -vBENJAMIN PERI NATHAN Date of Hearing: 1 September 1997 Counsel:
Mr. K. 214 Raftery for Crown Mrs. L. 215 Smith for Accused
LIST OF WITNESSES RACHAEL MARIE WILLMOT, Cab Driver MARK ALLAN WALLIS, Regatta Participant, visiting RNZYS MARY GRANT, Staff Member, RNZYS HAROLD LOCKWOOD BENNETT, Events Manager, RNZYS WILLIAM JOHN HEISE, Commodore, RNZYS STUART LLOYD MACKY, Insurance Adjuster, Sun Alliance RICHARD PAUL HARE, Independent Photographer WARREN ERIC WIECKMANN, Regatta Participant visiting RNZYS (READ BY CONSENT) GEOFFREY WASHBORNE BABER, Police Constable, Auckland Central DAVID THOMAS NIMMO, Detective Constable, Auckland Central RODNEY ALAN DOWLING Police Constable, Stanley Street Parnell. BENJAMIN PERI NATHAN, Defendant COLIN WELSH (TeAroha Patuani Werehi), Māori Sr. Elder
214 215
Kieran Lorraine
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LIST OF EXHIBITS AT TRIAL FOR THE PROSECUTION Number Description Exhibit 1 Jacket Exhibit 2 Shirt Exhibit 3 Tie Exhibit 4 Blue Sports Bag Exhibit 5 Exhibit 6 Exhibit 7 Exhibit 8 Exhibit 9 12 mm Glass Piece Exhibit 10 Exhibit 11 APD Sketch Plans of RNZYS Exhibit 12 Sledgehammer EXHIBIT 13 Paper - Theodore Roosevelt Quotation EXHIBIT 14 Paper – TILO Membership Form EXHIBIT 15 EXHIBIT 16 EXHIBIT 17 EXHIBIT 18 EXHIBIT 19 EXHIBIT 20 EXHIBIT 21 EXHIBIT 22 Tee Shirt EXHIBIT 23 EXHIBIT 24 EXHIBIT 25 EXHIBIT 26 EXHIBIT 27 EXHIBIT 28 EXHIBIT 29 Nathan Police Interrogation Video INDEX TO POLICE PHOTOGRAPHS Number Showing Photo 1 Exterior of RNZYS building Photo 2 RNZYS Front Entry Doors - exterior Photo 3 RNZYS Reception Area Photo 4 RNZYS Stairs to Second Floor (w sports bag) Photo 5 RNZYS Upper Stair Landing/Double Doors Photo 6 Placement of Blue Sports Bag - bottom of stair Photo 7 Closeup – blue Sports Bag Photo 8 Landing-side double doors to Members Lounge Photo 9 -do – (open) Photo 10 From Double Doors looking into scene Photo 11 Closeup of jacket and shirt on floor Photo 12 Closeup of shirt and tie, on floor Photo 13 Closeup of jacket, on floor Photo 14 RNZYS Members Lounge
Number EXHIBIT A EXHIBIT B EXHIBIT C EXHIBIT D EXHIBIT E EXHIBIT F EXHIBIT G EXHIBIT H
FOR THE DEFENSE Description Photo of Eels Photo of Eels Letter – Nathan to Newspaper - Land claim Copy of Declaration of Independence Copy of Treaty Letter – Nathan to Newspaper Letter – Nathan to Newspaper Letter – Nathan to Newspaper
Number Showing Photo 15 From interior back towards door Photo 16 Closeup of Blue Dress Shirt, unfolded Photo 17 Closeup of Grey Jacket, unfolded Photo 18 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 19 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 20 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 21 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 22 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 23 Damage to Cup – Upper Section Photo 24 Damage to Cup – Upper Section - closeup Photo 25 Damage to Cup – Upper Section - closeup Photo 26 Damage to Cup and Case Photo 27 Exterior of display case – door side Photo 1_i Sledgehammer “Photo 4 216 *Nathan holding object “Photo 4a *Enlargement-Nathan with Sledgehammer *Photos taken by witness Richard Paul Hare **BOLD indicates the photos are included in The Cups section of Compendium,
216
Single montage of the 9 photos taken by witness Hare, was included as the last photo in the packet.
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NOTES OF EVIDENCE TAKEN BEFORE JUDGE B. N. MORRIS AND JURY OF TWELVE 217 ORDER EXCLUDING WITNESSES218 MR. RAFTERY 219 OPENS 220 AND CALLS: RACHAEL MARIE WILLMOT (SWORN) Q by Mr. Raftery: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Rachael Marie Willmot. Q: Do you still work as a taxi driver? A: Yes, I do. Q: I think on 14 March of this year 221 around about 11:30 in the morning222 or so you were on the cab rank Customs Street, West Auckland? A: Yes. Q: And around about that time did you get a fare? A: Yes. Q: Where did the fare want to go? A: To the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron in West Haven. 223 Q: How much did the person say that they had on them? A: He said he had around about $8 or $9224 on him. Q: Did you tell him that should be enough? A: Yes, I did. Q: On your journey to the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, did you chat to him about what he was doing and why he was going there? A: Yes. Q: What did he tell you? A: He said he was going to take some photographs and do an article about the America’s Cup. He said he also worked for the Manukau Courier and that’s the article he was going to write for. Q: Did you make any comment about Manukau Courier 225 or suburban newspaper? A: Yes, I did. It’s the same company my husband worked for. Q: Did you tell him that? A: Yes, I did. Q: What did he say? A: He decided to change his mind226 and said he was at the Manukau Polytech and this was like an assignment for him. He said he wasn’t actually working for the Manukau Courier, but he was at the Manukau Polytech doing his first story. Q: Was there any more conversation about it at all on the way there? A: Yes. He said he was quite happy; he was very happy at the time. Um, he said he was quite nervous because it was his first story and his first assignment, and he said he had his camera and pen and pencil for him to write his story. Q: Did he have a little blue carry bag with him? A: Yes, he did. Q: When describing what he had in the bag, did that seem consistent with what appeared to you the bag looked like? A: Yes. Q: So, you didn't think any more about it? A: No, I didn't.
As provided by the Court and New Zealand Archives. Several witnesses were excluded by Judge Morris, likely as repetitive, irrelevant, or prejudicial. 219 Prosecuting Attorney Mr. Kieran Raftery. 220 Opening Comments by Prosecutor are NOT considered “evidence” and are therefore not included in the transcript. 221 1997 222 NZST/UST+12 223 181 Westhaven Drive, Westhaven Marina, Auckland 1011, New Zealand [GPS Lat: -36.835516°, Long: 174.745345°] 224 NZD 225 Weekly local newspaper published on Thursdays by Suburban Newspapers Auckland 226 Suburban Newspapers Auckland editor-in-chief Pat Booth stated that the man had never worked for the group. The Cups Page 276 of 335 217 218
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Q: Did you take him right to the doors of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron? A: No, I dropped him off around the roundabout near the Sitting Duck Café. He wanted to be dropped off there227 not right at the front door. Q: And the Sitting Duck Cafe is down in the West Haven complex, is it? A: Yes, it is. Q: Once he got out, you just carried on and went back to look for another fare, did you? A: Yes. NO CROSS-EXAMINATION --- WITNESS EXCUSED MR. RAFTERY CALLS: MARK ALLAN WALLIS (SWORN) Q by Mr. Raftery: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Mark Allan Wallis. Q: Occupation? A: I’m a sailmaker. Q: Now, around about 11:30 on morning of Friday, 14 March this year were you at the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron? A: I was. Q: And why were you there? A: We were due for the weigh-in for the IMS Regatta beginning the next day, weighing being part of the team for the boat. Q: What regatta? A: New Zealand IMS Regatta. Q: What part of the squadron building were you in? A: Upstairs in the America’s Cup room itself being used as the events center, I think. Q: While you were there did you see anyone either entering the room or just after he had entered in a grey suit? A: Yes, I did. Q: What did this person do? A: This person proceeded to whale away at the America’s Cup case with a short handled sledgehammer attempted to break the glass in one panel and failing to do that attempted further lower down a bit more around the glass case and there was glass going everywhere and eventually managed to chop a hole thru the glass case and he reached in and tried to pull the Cup out of the hole but the Cup has a large square wooden base 228 on it which wouldn't come out of the hole so it was hanging upside down and the guy took to the Cup itself with the sledgehammer separating it and denting it severely, in the course of this he pulled off his grey suit jacket and left it lying on the floor, um, had a couple of more attempts at damaging the Cup and eventually just left the sledgehammer i think lying on the floor and just wandered around the room. Q: Did he, while attacking the Cup, say or call out anything? A: The words were really unintelligible from what I could tell. Q: Did he at any stage say anything to you? A: Yes. He looked directly at me and said 'Tino Rangitirotanga 229 mother fucker' and gave me the one fingered salute. He said this twice. Q: Looking at a booklet of Photographs, can you just turn to Photograph 10. That’s the view with the double doors behind the Photographer looking into the scene. Whereabouts were you while this was going on? A: I would have been standing just to the left of the notice board beside the scales not in view. Q: When you were being weighed in, were other Officials from the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron there? A: The officials were Harold Bennett and the office lady whose name I didn't know at the time. There was a couple of other entrants in the regatta. Q: The lady - how was she when all this as going on? A: I only found afterwards when I decided to leave the room, she was under the table on hands and knees. Q: Did you help her out of the room? A: Yes, she was well-distressed, so we quietly made our way out of the room.
141-151 Westhaven Drive (business is now closed) At the time, the Cup had an attached, 2 ¼ inch high, 16 3/8 x 16 3/8 (5.72 x 41.59 x 41.59 cm) wood base. 229 [ˌtiːnəʊ ˌrɑːŋətɪərəˈtɑːŋə] NOUN, translates as “political control by Māori people over Māori affairs” Version 1.3 Page 277 of 335 227 t
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Q by Mrs. Smith: While the Cup in the case was being struck, can you remember how far away you were from the action? A: Would have been 10-12 feet. Q: So, you yourself weren’t in any risk from being struck by the hammer or glass? A: No. WITNESS EXCUSED MR. RAFTERY: No dispute about identity. MR. RAFTERY CALLS: MARY GRANT (SWORN) Q by Mr. Raftery: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Mary Grant. Q: Occupation? A: I work for Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. Q: I think you were working there on the morning of 14 March this year? A: Yes. Q: When the America’s Cup was damaged? A: Yes. Q: What were you doing there? A: I was working in a secretarial role. We were running the New Zealand international regatta and we set the regatta Office up in the trophy room where the Cup was and at the time of the attack, we were preparing a race to Kawau - finishing at Kawau Island 232 and I was preparing the ticketing for the crew attending at Kawau. Q: And we’ve heard that the time of the attack a man by the name of Mark Wallis was being weighed in? A: Yes. Q: Were you helping with that? A: Yes, there were four of us at the time, two were weighing-in and Harold Bennet and I were doing administration. Q: Just to get the layout of the Yacht Squadron building in evidence could you just look at the Photographs. That’s the Yacht Squadron shown in Photograph 1, is that right? A: Yes, that’s right. Q: And you go through the doors in Photograph 2 into the Reception area in that hallway shown in Photograph 3 ? A: Yes, that’s right. Q: Is there a little desk where there might be a receptionist when someone comes in to make an enquiry? A: Yes, on the right-hand side. Q: If you wanted to view the America’s Cup at that time, you would go up those stairs in Photograph 4? A: That's correct - after checking in at the Reception desk. Q: Then that upper landing Photograph 4 shown in more detail in Photograph 5 - it would be thru those double doors on the right into America’s Cup, is that right? A: Yes. Q: So, obviously, at that time it was being housed in the Members’ Lounge, as we can see? A: Yes. Q: And that was the room you were actually in doing ticketing? A: Yes. We were using that as our regatta headquarters. MORNING ADJOURNMENT 11:30 PM COURT RESUMES 12:55 PM
XXD – Cross-Examined Mrs. Loraine Smith, Defense Attorney for Nathan 232 Kawau Island was originally settled by early migrations of Māori people. From time-to-time tribes contested the right to live on the island, which was eventually abandoned in the 1820s after a particularly bloody skirmish during the Musket Wars. The Cups Page 278 of 335 Version 1.3 230 231
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EXAMINATION-IN-CHIEF CONTINUES BY MR. RAFTERY: [Mary Grant] Q: What happened when the man in the grey suit came in? A: It took a few seconds to realize what he was actually going to do, almost in slow motion, he started to hit the Cup case with the sledgehammer and it still didn't - didn't seem to be real the way it was happening but after a time and he had been hitting at it he broke thru the glass and at that stage I really realized the severity of what he was trying to do. Q: While he was hitting the glass and later hitting the Cup, was he saying anything? A: Yes, he was chanting in English about Māori 233 Sovereignty and being degrading about white people. Q: Was he also saying anything in Māori? A: As I recall, he didn't start chanting in Māori until after he had finished doing the damage and he was down on his haunches holding the sledgehammer. I think eventually some of the others in the room helped. That was after the Cup had been smashed, at the time when he was hitting the glass I got down on the floor and waited there until someone got me. NO CROSS EXAMINATION – WITNESS EXCUSED MR. RAFTERY CALLS: HAROLD BENNETT {SWORN) Q: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Harold Lockwood Bennett. Q: Occupation? A: I am an Event Manager for the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron. Q: Were you working at the Squadron on morning 14 March this year when the America’s Cup was attacked? A: Yes, I was. Q: Were you upstairs, I think, with Mrs. Grant dealing with some of the formalities for a Regatta that was to take place that weekend? A: That's correct. Q: Shortly after 11:30, did you see any people entering the room where you were working? A: Yes. Q: Who were they? A: There was two gentlemen walked into the room who were contestants for the event who were to be weighed off, which was the job I was carrying out at that time. Q: Was one of those Mr. Wallis and the other Warren Wieckmann? A: That's correct. Q: Did you see anybody else come in apart from them? A: There was one more gentleman who came into the room of which really, I caught out of the corner of my eye. Q: What was the next thing you became aware of? A: My attention was drawn to some violent blows being struck with a sledgehammer on the case234 that contained the America’s Cup. Q: The person attacking the America’s Cup how was he dressed? A: He was wearing a suit and being side-on I didn't recognize anything other than the suit. Q: What did he do once he had attacked the outer case? A: Once the attacked the outer case and had broken through the glass, he proceeded to attempt to pull the Cup from the case. Q: Was he able to get it out? A: No. Q: So, what did he do to the Cup itself? A: He then turned his attention to beating the Cup with the hammer he still had in his hand. Q: While he was doing this, was he saying anything you could remember? A: Not at the time when he was beating the box or the Cup that I recall. Q: Did you, in fact, go down downstairs at one stage and telephone the Police?
Māori are tangata whenua — people of the land. They came to Aotearoa from Polynesia in the 13th century and created a new language and culture. 234 The Cup was enclosed in a six-sided ballistic-glass and oak security/display case (see drawing of case in San Diego Yacht Club section of Compendium.) The Cup was bolted to its base with a single ½” threaded internal rod with a plastic sheath. Version 1.3 Page 279 of 335 The Cups 233
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A: Yes, that's correct. Q: When you came back, had the attack on the Cup finished? A: Yes. Q: Did Mr. Nathan say anything at that stage? A: What he was saying, um, I was not able to understand. Q: Is that because it was incoherent or in a language you didn't speak? A: In a language I didn't speak. Q: Were there any phrases in English you recall? A: I recall one phrase in English which was to the effect this is for Māori Sovereignty; I remember something like that. Q: Shortly after that did the Police arrive? A: Yes, the Police arrived some 5-10 minutes later. XXD BY MRS SMITH: Q Mrs. Smith: I wonder if Mr. Bennett could be shown the book of Photographs. Would you be kind enough to flick through to Photograph 14? That is the Photograph of the room we are talking about235? A: That's correct. Q: Are you able to assist us by telling us how large the room is? A: That room would be possibly as wide as this - maybe back to just behind you as a square. THE COURT 236: About half the size of this room. Q by MRS. SMITH: And the man who was damaging the Cup, did he keep within the circumference which is marked off by the ropes? A: No, he was outside the ropes. Q: I’m sorry - when the Cup was being damaged? A: When the Cup was being damaged, he was standing outside the ropes. Q: Was he up close against the ropes? A: Yes. Q: And where were you standing? A: I was standing approximately from where this picture was taken - maybe a little to the right. Q: That would be how many meters away from the ropes? A: Four meters. WITNESS EXCUSED MR. RAFTERY CALLS: WILLIAM JOHN HEISE (SWORN) Q: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: William John Heise. Q: And are you the commodore of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron? A: Yes 237 Q: Were you at the time of the attack on the Cup in March this year? A: Yes, I was. Q: Just take in front of you the booklet of Photographs, turn to Photographs 22, 23, 24. I presume you saw the America’s Cup after it had been damaged. A: Yes, I did. Q: You were one of the people that ensured its safe transport and return to England? A: That's correct.
The room is now known as the Members’ Lounge. America’s Cup is no longer displayed there. THE COURT means comments made by District Court trial Judge Barry Morris. 237 Heise was Commodore of RNZYS from 1996-1998 The Cups Page 280 of 335 235 236
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Q: In the Photographs 23 and 24, we can see something of the damage to the Cup. There seems to be what I might call two sections to the Cup, the top half and then the bottom half divided by a little upright shaft joining the two together. Was the damage to the Cup confined to the top half or more areas than obviously the very graphic areas we can see? A: Most of the damage was on the top half but there was superficial damage238 at the bottom section. Q: And the top half in Photograph 24 - the main blow seems to be that large bulbous area239 at the base. Was the damage confined to the top or were other areas also damaged? A: It was damaged at the spout as well but most of the damage was centered in that midsection. Q: We are probably all aware in general terms of the winning by New Zealand of the America’s Cup, but under what terms is the Cup held in New Zealand? A: Under the terms of the Deed of Gift240, the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron holds ownership 241 of the Cup. It was won by the yacht NZL-32 in San Diego in 95. Q: And as indicated you held the ownership of the Cup until what time? A: Until it is won from us by another yacht club. Q: And a deed of assignment and accepted242 has been signed by you and the last holders of the San Diego Cup is that correct? A: That's correct. Q: And you hold the ownership243 of the Cup subject to that Deed and to the original Deed of Gift of the America’s Cup? A: That's correct. Q: Apart from the obvious damage to the Cup we have seen, the Photographs also indicate the Display Case 244 itself was substantially damaged? A: It was. Q: Was that a display case of the club’s own or had it come with the Cup from San Diego? A: The Cup case came from San Diego. Q: Was that purchased by the club from San Diego and owned by the club? A: That's correct. XXD BY MRS SMITH: Q: You’ve told His Honor and the Jury about a Deed of Gift. I’d like to ask you about a few historical questions about the Cup itself. Was the building of the Cup commissioned by Sir Thomas Lipton in 1851? 245 A: The building of the Cup, if you refer to the Deed of Gift, it describes how the Cup was commissioned246 and how the Cup was originally sailed 247 for and named the America’s Cup. 248 Q: I know it’s all in the Gift Deed, but just for the benefit of the jury, the Cup was commissioned by the millionaire Sir Thomas Lipton in 1851, isn’t it? 249 A: Can I refer to the Deed please?
In actuality, the damage was significant. See Damages, Repairs and Restoration of the Damaged America’s Cup in Compendium. The “lobes” 240 Deed of Gift is the legal perpetual document which transferred the Cup from the original winning syndicate to the New York Yacht Club in 1857. 241 Not exactly; The Cup is held in Trust not in Ownership. The current holder is the Trustee of the Cup. 242 Actually an “Assignment and Acceptance.” Document was signed on 25 May 1995, and covers the specifics of the assumption of the Cup by the new trustee and that trustee’s responsibilities. 243 ibid 244 See PLATE showing drawing of original display case in the San Diego Yacht Club narrative in Compendium. 245 NO! First, the Cup was never commissioned. It was manufactured by R&S Garrard in 1848 as “store stock” and it was purchased, as is, by the 1st Marquess of Anglesey (Henry William Paget) from the store stock of R&S Garrard Co. in London at some time before May 9, 1851 when it was donated to the Royal Yacht Squadron for use as a prize. Second, Sir Thomas Lipton was born on May 10, 1848, the same year the Cup was made. Sir Thomas Lipton did repeatedly try to win the Cup in competition – entering five challenge regattas starting in 1899 but was never involved as suggested by defense counsel. 246 The Deed of Gift (all versions) never discuss the commissioning of the Cup in any form. 247 The Deed of Gift does cite that the Cup was won on August 22, 1851. 248 Although generally known as “America’s Cup,” the trophy was never officially renamed. The only notations of name on the Cup are “RYS Cup of 100 Sovereigns” and the incorrect “100 Guinea Cup.” The engraving does recognize that the Cup had been won “By Yacht America.” 249 Atty Smith again misstates the historical facts. Sir Thomas was never involved before 1899. Version 1.3 Page 281 of 335 The Cups 238 239
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(Leave Granted). I can’t answer that with any certainty. I can’t find that in the Deed. 250 Q: After the Cup was built, was it called the Queen’s Cup 251 after Queen Victoria? If you’re not sure? A: I’m not sure, no. Q: Well, was the name changed to America’s Cup after the yacht America won the race against 14 yachts around the Isle of White[sic]? 252 A: That's correct. 253 Q: Was the America’s Cup presented to the New York Yacht Club in a Deed of Gift that mandated for a friendly competition between the nations? A: That's correct. Q: Will the next America’s Cup race be held in Auckland in the year 2000? A: The next America’s Cup defense will be held in Auckland, yes. Q: Was the deadline for submitting a challenge against a previous winner on May 14, ‘96? A: That was the final deadline. Q: And was the entry fee $100,000US? A: There were two tiers of entry, the first payment date was 14 May ‘96 that was $100,000US, and there were late entries accepted to 14 May ’97, and the entry fee was $200,000US. Q: Is it the case that a viable syndicate in New Zealand could spend between $10-34 million US dollars competing for the America’s Cup? A: Could you repeat? Q: (Repeats question) A: I think the extremes you use are too wide. Q: You say it would be less than that? A: Certainly less than $35,000254 million US dollars, a lot less. Q: Have you been involved in any discussions with the local Māori tribes who have had the responsibility of the Waitemata about the forthcoming America’s Cup? A: I personally haven't. Q: Are you aware of any sites sacred to the Māori people on the Waitemata? A: Yes, I am. Q: Are you aware the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron sits on a launching stone that is sacred to Māori people? A: No, I’m not. Q: You are, of course, aware that the village to be built for the forthcoming race is going to cost in the vicinity of $58,000 255 million? A: Yes, I am. Q: Is any of that money going to go to the Māori people who are the Tangatawhenua of the Waitemata? A: I have no idea. Q: What sacred sites are you personally aware of in the Waitemata? A: I am aware of some of the sites in the Hauraki Gulf. Q: Are you aware of any others around the area of the Yacht Squadron? A: No, I’m not. REXD256
Accurate response as this subject is not covered in any way in the Deed of Gift. Again, Atty Smith confuses history: Due to a slip of the tongue, George Schuyler mentioned “Queen’s Cup” in an October 1, 1851 speech, and the NYYC incorrectly referred to this Cup as the Queen’s Cup in 1870, 1871 and 1876. In fact, however, Her Majesty’s (Queen’s) Cup had been awarded earlier in the same week, but to a Royal VICTORIA yacht Club yacht. America had originally been entered to race in that regatta, but withdrew due to lack of adequate wind. At the time of the Isle of Wight race in 1851, the Cup was known as the “Royal Yacht Squadron Cup of One Hundred Sovereigns.” 252 The race was held around the Isle of Wight 253 Again, incorrect. The first time the actual words “America’s” and “Cup” appeared on the trophy was following the 1964 races between Constellation and Sovereign. 254 The sum “$35,000 million” dollars was noted in the Court Transcripts. We believe this should have read “$35 million.” 255 Again, Court Transcripts indicate “$58,000 million.” Should read “$58 million.” 256 Re-Direct Examination The Cups Page 282 of 335 Version 1.3 250 251
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Q Mr. Raftery: You’ve told us that if anyone wanted to compete for the America’s Cup, they would be spending rather less than $35,000 million at one end do so. I take it they would have to spend more than $10 on the other end? A: That's correct. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS - WITNESS EXCUSED MR. RAFTERY CALLS: STUART MACKY (SWORN) Q by Mr. Raftery: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Stuart Lloyd Macky. Q: Occupation? A: I’m a marine surveyor and loss adjuster. Q: Were you appointed by Sun Alliance Insurance to carry out those functions in relation to the damage to the America’s Cup? A: Yes, I was. Q: We’ve heard about how it was fairly extensively damaged on morning of 14 March this year, and probably the jury are well aware that it was sent to London to be repaired by Garrard’s? 257 A: Yes, it was. Q: As far as the cost of the repair to the Cup itself, who met the cost of that? A: The cost of the repair to the Cup itself was met by the repairers – Garrard’s. Q: In their original estimate of the extent of the damage, did they quote a figure for the cost of repair? A: Yes, initially they did at pound Sterling. $20,000 258 as a rough estimate. Q: As far as other costs associated with the damage, were they met by Sun Alliance? A: Yes, they were. Q: Did they include the cost of damage to the case in which the Cup was kept? A: Yes. Q: And costs associated with the dispatch of the Cup in safe custody from New Zealand to England for its repair and likewise on its return, once repaired, to New Zealand? A: Yes. Q: Without a detailed breakdown, just a round figure of what sort of costs have had to be met from the damage? A: To give exact figures I would need to refer to my documentation. Q: Don’t need exact figures. A: The total is around about $40,000 New Zealand. XXD Q by Mrs. Smith: How was the $40,000 made up? A: Several components to the associated costs to repair: Cup required to be sent to UK necessary for two Squadron members to accompany Cup. Q: Why was that? A: Two reasons. One - there are protocols as to how the Cup is to be transported internationally. It is to be accompanied by two members of the holding club - the second reason the Cup is to be carried as hand baggage if you like, rather than being handled as normal freight. Reason is Cup can be damaged quite easily if it is handled in rough manner during normal freight handling. Q: Do I take it the Cup had its own seat first class? A: I don’t think the Cup itself had a seat, but it was carried first class because in first class it could be carried as hand baggage rather than economy situation where it would have to be racked or carried in a different manner. Q: Did the two accompanying bodyguards travelling - did they travel first class or economy? THE COURT: Mr. Heise was the one to ask that. Q by MRS. SMITH: Did he travel first class or economy? A: The two people accompanying the Cup, I believe, travelled first class. Q: Were you surprised at how much the projected cost was going to be to repair the Cup?
R. Garrard & Co., 23 Albermarle Street, London W15 4HT, UK 9, GPS. Lat.:51.510097, Long.: 0.142927). Garrard originally made the Cup in 1848 and was enlisted to conduct the repairs to the damaged Cup. 258 New Zealand Dollars Version 1.3 Page 283 of 335 The Cups 257
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A: To tell you the truth, I had no idea what the projected cost would be initially. I didn't think the Cup could be repaired to the standard it was utilizing the same materials. Q: Are Garrard’s the jewelers to the royal family? A: I believe they have a royal appointment, yes. Q: Perhaps that explains why projected costs are so high? A: I couldn't comment on that. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS - WITNESS EXCUSED MR RAFTERY CALLS: RICHARD PAUL HARE (SWORN) Q: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Richard Paul Hare. Q: Occupation? A: I’m a Photographer. Q: And on the morning of 14 March this year were you working, taking Photographs at West Haven marina? A: I was. I went down to West Haven to try out a lens I was going to buy for a friend. Q: At the time you were there, what sort of thing were you interested in Photographing? A: There are some railway sleepers down by the marina and birds nest there and I was going to Photograph those birds. Q: Were you close by the building of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron? A: I parked alongside. Q: While there, did someone come out of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and tell you what was happening inside? A: Yes, there was a lady who heard there was trouble in the building, and she said to me I had got there quickly. I didn't understand what she meant. She assumed I was a press Photographer because I had a very large lens. Q: So, did you go into the building? A: I asked her whether she thought I should go inside, and she said she thought this was a good idea because the ladies inside might need some help. Q: So, did you go upstairs to the floor where the America’s Cup was housed? A: Yes, I ran in and the girls at Reception said somebody was smashing the Cup and I ran upstairs to see if I could help. Q: When you got up there, was the man still smashing the Cup? A: He was standing, facing a crowd of people at the top of the stairs and turned around and started smashing the Cup again. Q: You told us initial reaction was to help. Did you feel you could do anything to bring the attack to an end? A: Yes, I was going to stop the man, but several staff said that was not such a good idea because he seemed upset, so I didn't. Q: Did you try and talk to the man at all? A: Yes, I did. I asked him what he thought he was doing, and we had a conversation about who my parents were and what my place in New Zealand was and he suggested to me I should go home, and I assumed he meant England. I said to him that I was born here and that I was as much a New Zealander as he was. Q: Did he say anything about what he was doing or why he was doing what he was doing? A: Not really. He really was very upset. He was chanting in Māori things that I did not understand and had a go at me with verbal abuse about being a Pakeha259 and that I shouldn’t be in the country. Q: Did he say anymore what I might call that general political line in English that you can remember? A: Not that I can remember. I seem to remember that he was really more intent on arguing with me and he turned around and hit the Cup again and a lady stopped me talking to him at that point. Q: When he was talking to you or addressing remarks to you was it done in a casual conversational tone or what sort of tone? A: No, he was very upset and had some very nasty things to say to me. Q: Nasty in what way? A: Some very abusive language and he was very upset; he was shouting at me and the other people. Q: So having decided not to physically intervene and having not dissuaded him by any verbal exchange from attacking the Cup did you decide to take Photographs? A: No, I didn't. I stood back and we all watched him do his thing and one of the builders working on the site there suggested I take Photographs for the Police.
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Q: So, did you do just that? A: I did. Q: Once you had taken the Photographs, did you stay in the building until the episode had finished? A: No, I didn't. I took some Photographs and then waited to see if anybody else was going to do anything then I realized that I should get the film processed as soon as possible to show the Police and I took off for my photo lab. Q: Did you get them processed and then advise the Police of what you had got? A: Yes, that’s exactly what I did. I got them processed then I went home to my mother’s place, and I called the Police from my mother’s and the senior sergeant on control said I should wait for someone to call me. Q: Have a look at the book of Photographs in front of you. If you turn to the last Photograph in the booklet there, are there a series of nine Photographs, all obviously in quite some reduced size? Are those the Photographs that you took that day of Mr. Nathan? A: They are. Q: And Photograph 4 on that sheet shows Mr. Nathan with a clenched fist and an object in his left hand, is that blown up in Photograph 4A to show what the object is, namely a sledgehammer? A: That's correct. Q: When Photograph 4 was taken is that as it were a pose - he was posing for your camera or is it one taken of him while he was in the midst of his action? A: He didn't actually pose for me. That is basically a snap of him in action, he was talking in Māori, I think, at this point. XXD MRS SMITH: Q: You told His Honor and the Jury that women had come to you and asked you or suggested that you might be the press, but you asked if you should go inside, and she said she thought that was a good idea because the ladies inside might need some help. Remember saying that? A: That's correct. Q: In fact, her attitude was quite sarcastic, wasn’t it? A: It was. Q: She wasn’t referring to ladies as such, she was referring to the men there as being a lot of girls, wasn’t she? A: At the time I thought she was referring to ladies not men. Q: At the time she was referring to men inside? A: I don’t think so. Q: Have you ever said on an earlier occasion she sarcastically suggested that there were a lot of girls in there and it would be quite a good idea if I lent a hand? A: I did, the sarcasm that I referred to is I think she was upset that I had to ask the question, she was having a go at me I think. Q: You didn't have a long conversation with the man who was smashing the Cup did you? A: Not particularly long. A few minutes. Q: There wasn’t any discussion by you about you having come from England was there? A: No, I said I was born here to him, he said to me I should go home. I assume he meant overseas where white people come from. Q: Did you not say to His Honor and the Jury that you told him he came from England? A: No, I didn't say that. Q: The conversation you had with him, in fact, only took a matter of a few seconds, didn't it? A: Not really. I was talking to him for a few minutes. Q: When you came in and saw what was happening, did you ask him why he was doing it, and what he thought he was doing? A: I did, yes. Q: And the man swore at you, said something about Māori taking over New Zealand and then told you to go home, didn't he? A: That's correct. Q: And you said 'I’ve got every much right as anyone else to stay here' didn't you? A: Yes. Q: And that was the end of the conversation, wasn’t it? A: I kept saying to him what did he think he had done, and the Cup was as much his as it was anybody else’s, and why would he destroy such an important thing, and a lady came up to me and said she thought I should stop talking to him because it was clearly making him angry. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS - WITNESS EXCUSED BRIEF OF EVIDENCE OF WARREN ERIC WIECKMANN READ BY CONSENT
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MR. RAFTERY CALLS: GEOFFREY BABER (SWORN}
Q by Mr. Raftery: Could you tell the Court your full name rank and station please? A: Geoffrey Washborn Baber, Police Constable, currently stationed at Auckland Central. Q: On Friday, 14 March this year were you working in a crime car with another Police Officer named Nimmo? A: Yes Q: Were you the first Officers on the scene following the attack on the Cup? A: I believe we weren’t, but we arrived shortly after. Q: How many Police in all would have been there? A: Two or three. Q: What time, in fact, did you get there? A: May I refer to my notebook? Q: When were those notes made? A: At the time. We arrived at the scene at 12:16 p.m. Q: Did you, among other things, take charge of the Exhibits in question? A: Yes, I did. Q: You have in front of you the booklet of Photographs please. We can see, if you turn to Photograph 5, the view in the hallway immediately adjacent to the America’s Cup room? A: Yes. Q: There are white tape with red writing on? A: Yes, there is. Q: Is that standard Police tape to cordon off an area while Exhibits are collected? A: Yes. Q: At the foot of the stairs leading up to the floor even above that one, there is a blue bag is that correct? A: Yes. B: Blue, little kit bag? A: It’s a sports bag, yes. Q: Photographs 6 and 7? A: Yes. Q: If we look at Exhibit 4, please, that’s the bag in question, is it? A: It is indeed. SPORTS BAG PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 4. Q: Inside the America’s Cup room we can see the scene set in Photograph 10? A: Yes. Q: That effectively was the scene that greeted you on arrival? A: Yes, it was. Q: In the foreground there are some items of clothing - a grey jacket? A: Yes. Q: Pale blue shirt and a tie? A: That's correct. Q: And they are shown in a little bit more detail in Photograph 16 is the shirt and 17 the jacket? A: That’s right. Q: The shirt had what looks like in the Photograph, blood stains. Is that correct? A: Yes, there were numerous blood spots on it. MR. RAFTERY: Garments are available for the jury to look at. Jacket Exhibit 1. Shirt Exhibit 2. Tie Exhibit 3. Q: As far as the shirt was concerned, were a number of buttons missing? A: Yes. Q: But I think six buttons were found about the room? A: That's correct. Q: We’ve heard how he basically tore off outer clothing he was wearing which would be consistent with the shirt being ripped off in zeal, is that correct?
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A: Yes. Q: We can also see in several Photographs that the actual Display Case itself was quite severely damaged? A: Yes, it was. Q: And you collected a number of glass fragments from that, should they be required for Exhibit or analysis? A: Yes, I did. Q: And you also prepared, I think, two scene plans: one of the general area of the Yacht Squadron stairways and landing and the other layout of the rooms and the detailed one of the actual America’s Cup room? A: Yes, I did. Q: Again, you can either produce those, or answer questions should they be of importance or relevance to my friend. EXHIBIT 11 - Plans. NO CROSS-EXAMINATION NO FURTHER QUESTIONS WITNESS EXCUSED LUNCHEON ADJOURNMENT COURT RESUMES 1:00 PM 2:25 PM MR. RAFTERY CALLS: DAVID THOMAS NIMMO (SWORN) Q: Could you tell the Court your full name, rank and station, please? A: David Thomas Nimmo. I’m a Detective Constable at the Auckland Central Police Station. Q: On Friday, 14 March this year you were one of the Police that attended at the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron after the America’s Cup had been damaged by the Accused, is that right? A: That's correct. Q: Can I just ask you about one matter. We’ve heard a lot of evidence already about the damage to the Cup and the case. I think several areas of the glass case were damaged, weren’t they? A: That's correct. Q: If i could just ask you to look at part of Exhibit 9, please, a fragment of glass from the case. I think that glass was measured in width, wasn’t it? Can you remember what the measurement was? A: Approximately 12 mm. Q. If I could ask you to produce just that one part. PRODUCED - EXHIBIT 9 - GLASS PIECE Piece of glass passed around members of the Jury. Q: Could you also, should it become necessary at a later time, take the clothing Mr. Nathan was still wearing from him? A: That's correct. Q: I’m not going to go thru all the clothing. Did it include a white T-shirt with a motif on it? A: It did. Q: Look, please, at Exhibit 22. Just hold it up - see if we have the right one. Underneath the black, white and red flag or around it should it say 'Tino Rangitirotanga Māori independence? A: Yes, that's correct. Q: At the time you arrived, I think that was what he was wearing on his top? A: The first instance I saw the Defendant was back at the Auckland Central Police station where he was wearing this top. Yes. Correct. Q: If i could produce that as Exhibit 22. T-SHIRT PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 22. Q: You can also give details of any other items of clothing, if my friend wants? A: Yes, I can. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS - WITNESS EXCUSED
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MR. RAFTERY CALLS: RODNEY ALAN DOWLING {SWORN)
Q: Could you tell the Court your full name, rank and station, please? A: Rodney Alan Dowling. I’m a Police Constable stationed at Stanley Street Parnell. Q: You were one of the Police who arrived at the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron on the morning of Friday, 14 March this year? A: Yes, I was. Q: Just after midday? A: That's correct. Q: You were ultimately appointed the Officer In Charge of this enquiry? A: That's correct, yes. Q: When you got up to the America’s Cup room at Squadron building, was the Accused, Mr. Nathan still there? A: Yes, he was. Q: And apart from himself were there a number of other members of the club or people visiting there? A: Yes, there were a number of the people were previous witnesses. Q: We’ve heard he attacked America’s Cup and its casing with a sledgehammer. Did you see any sign of a sledgehammer there? A: Yes, there was, if I recall, the sledgehammer was on the ground in the vicinity of where the Defendant was standing. Q: Look, please, at Exhibit 12. Is that the sledgehammer? A: Yes, it is. SLEDGEHAMMER PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 12. Q: Was there also a piece of paper of the floor nearby him? A: Yes, there was. Q: Look at Exhibits 13 and 14, please. If you look at Exhibit 14 first, that was a piece of paper that’s headed 'Tino Rangitirotanga Liberation Organization is that correct? A: Yes, it is. Q: Does it appear to be a membership form for that Organization? A: It states ‘TILO membership form’ just under the title. Q: Was Mr. Nathan placed in handcuffs at that stage? A: Yes, as the first Police member on the scene, I immediately handcuffed Mr. Nathan. Q: The jury have seen in some Photographs his right hand appears to have been bleeding. Was that the only area of him visible as having been cut in any way? A: Yes, it was. I checked his injuries. I could see blood from his knuckles or fingers that was the only visible injury I could see. Q: Did you place him in a Police car outside the building and advise him of his rights? A: Yes, I did. Q: When we use the phrase advise him of his rights, what does that mean? A: I gave him a short caution and his New Zealand Bill of Rights, pursuant to the Bill of Rights Act. Q: And, in effect, does the short caution advise him that he doesn’t have to say anything unless he wants to? A: That's correct. Q: And his rights pursuant to the Bill of Rights include the right to a lawyer? A: That's correct, yes. Q: Having given those rights, what did you say to him? A: Could I refer to my notes? Q: When were the notes made? A: At the time or slightly after. (Leave Granted). At 11:37 p.m., I placed the Defendant into the Police car. (Reads Notes). Q: Did you ask him some questions there? A: Yes, I did. Q: What did you ask him? (Reads Questions and Answers). Q: Looking at Exhibit 13 beside you. There is that the note covered in blood you have referred to? A: Yes. Q: Does it purport to be a quote from Theodore Roosevelt? A: Yes, it does. Q: You were going on to say you asked him his details? A: That's correct. Q: What did he tell you about himself? (Reads Notes).
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Q: What did you ask? (Reads Notes). A: Was that referring back to the Tino Rangatiratanga form? A: That's correct - Exhibit 14. (Continues reading notes). Q: Was he then, I think, taken to the Auckland Central watchhouse and there did you show him a duty solicitors list and recommend him to speak to a solicitor? A: Yes, I did. Q: Did he then instruct you to telephone Mrs. Smith, behind me, and did you do so? A: Yes, i did. Q: Short while later did Mrs. Smith arrive at the watchhouse and was she then placed in an interview room where she was allowed to talk to Mr. Nathan in private? A: Yes, she was. Q: Then at 1:53 or thereabouts did you commence an interview with him in the presence of Mrs. Smith which was recorded on video? A: Yes, I did. Q: Perhaps if you could be shown Exhibit 29. Is that the master copy of the video of the interview you conducted with Mr. Nathan? A: Yes, it is. VIDEO PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 29. QUOTATION FROM THEODORE ROOSEVELT PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 13. TILO[sic]260 MEMBERSHIP FORM PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT 14. VIDEO INTERVIEW PLAYED AT THIS POINT (2:45 - 3:10) NO CROSS-EXAMINATION NO FURTHER QUESTIONS - WITNESS EXCUSED EVIDENCE FOR THE CROWN CONCLUDES MRS. SMITH REQUESTS CHAMBERS DISCUSSION {3:10 - 3:20 PM) AFTERNOON ADJOURNMENT 3:30 PM COURT RESUMES 3:55 PM MRS. SMITH OPENS261 COURT ADJOURNS 4:30 PM COURT RESUMES TUESDAY 2 SEPTEMBER 1997 AT 10:45 AM MAORI INTERPRETER SWORN IN MRS. SMITH CALLS: BENJAMIN PERI NATHAN (SWORN) MR. NATHAN SAYS A KARAKIA262 TO THE COURT Q: Could you tell the Court your full name please? A: Benjamin Nathan. Q: Now, before I go to the facts of this case, I want you to tell the jury a few things about yourself. Where were you born? A: I was born in Papakura. Q: Who are your parents?
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Tino Opening Statements by Defense Attorney are NOT considered “evidence” and are not included in the transcript. Prayers or chants used in many formal and informal daily rituals.
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A: My mother’s name is Elizabeth Nathan. She is of English Irish descent. My father’s name was Raro Nathan. He was of Nga Puhi Ngatephatua and Teroroa descent. He is passed away. Q: Where were you raised? A: Well, I was raised in Papakura until the age of five, and at that time we moved up to my father’s ancestral Lands at Oma mare Beach. Q: Were you raised at Oma mare Beach? A: Yes, not just at Oma mare. I was also raised at a small community at Kaihu and the reason I spent so much time there is because all my father’s relations lived at Kaihu, so it was just natural for me to stay there as well as Oma mare beach. Q: What was life like for you as a child living in such a small Māori community? A: It was choice. Yeah, real choice. It was a real sense of togetherness our focal meeting point was our marae waikaraka. We would go there for funerals, meeting, working bees and so on. My fondest childhood memories of the time I spent at my marae there I remember us tamariki we would sort of like just be sitting in the kitchen around open fire making endless cups of tea and playing jokes and all that sort of thing listening to sounds having some snooky cigs all the elders would be in the main meeting having a korero I regard Waikaraka Marae as my spiritual home and it is where I should be buried one day. Q: In what way, if any, do you think living at Kaihu and spending so much time on the marae influenced your life as a child? A: Well, it’s made me see myself as being 100% Māori, although I’m obviously very fair on the outside. To me, in my Wairua in my spirit I regard myself as being Māori thru-and-thru. Q: As a child what was your relationship like with other Pakeha children? A: Yeah, it was very good. Basically, to me it was the same as Māori children. I was an innocent child. I didn't judge a person by the color of their skin. Yeah, it was good looking back now, though I can see the obvious discrepancies between our cultures. Q: What do you mean obvious discrepancies? A: Firstly, our cultural differences, secondly there were our value differences brought up with different values and thirdly most importantly economic differences. For the most part, the Pakeha children’s parents owned the farms in local district and the ironic thing is this was Land stolen from our ancestors. Economically, they were very well off, whereas our parents the Māori were farm laborers or kumara-pickers or on the dole, a lot of them on the dole not that they want to be on the dole find it degrading but they had no choice it was be on the dole or starve so there were those economic differences, for a lot of our parents were forced to work as common farm laborers for farmers on land which rightfully belonged to them. Q: Did being poorer than say, Pakeha children, affect you when you were little? A: Well, at home it didn't at all, because my parents always made sure we had plenty of kai, heaps of clothes and roof over our head. At school you could notice differences because Pakeha kids had flashiest clothes and nicest lunches. I remember us Māori kids would --Q: Did these economic differences cause conflict between the two communities - Māori and Pakeha? A: No, not at all. Like our two communities have always got on civilly and courteously, although the Pakeha were economic better off than us culturally and spiritually, we had our riches as well. Q: As a child, were you ever subjected to racism? A: No, not personally, however that’s because I am a very fair Māori, and I can pass as either Pakeha or Māori however my cousins who had distinctive features were occasionally subject to racism, however I do recall one time when my father was made the butt of a racist remark at the time I was only 8 years old coming back from school on the bus and there was this Pakeha girl sitting next to me and my father walked out of the house and she saw him and she didn't know it was my father and she points at him and says look at that blackie and to me instead of doing something about it i looked away and I was ashamed. I should have done something about it. Q: I know you want to tell His Honor and the Jury something about your father because he meant a lot to you, what would you like to say? A: Yes, my father was a very deep dark Māori man and his nickname was Mohammod Ali because he looked like the American boxer. He was born in the Koiwi area to Sarah and John Nathan, and because nana was very sick, he was adopted to nana kiti and that’s the reason we can trace our ancestral lines both natural and adopted, at the time my father was born in Aotearoa, this country was a very racist where Māori were classed as second-class citizens, they were not allowed to speak the Māori language in school, there were cases where Māori children were forced to pick blackberry bushes with their bare hands for speaking their own language. Also certain of their customs and beliefs they were forbidden to practice by the laws of the Land they had the most menial of jobs kumara pickers farm hands and that politically economically spiritually and socially they were disadvantaged. One other thing - the thing about it is you won’t read about any of these facts in the history books that are taught in our public schools because the history books taught in our public schools are from colonizers point of view and as such, they are a litany of lies upon lies upon lies. Q: Did your family ever suffer from discrimination? A: Yes. My father suffered from discrimination, and I refer to it as racial discrimination of institutional kind because it was inflicted upon my father by a Government department. At the time my father was working for Lands and Survey Department as common
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farm laborer again, ironically enough, on Land which rightfully belonged to us. He hated the job he was doing but he had to do it because he had to feed us, his family, and one day an opportunity came along which would enable my father not only to start his own business but to make good money and also to do work which he loved. My father was offered a lucrative contract to supply the Dutch Government to supply eels to him, when my father heard about this he was overjoyed an opportunity for him to better life for himself and us and so all that had to be done was a contract just had to be signed details to be finalized and that was it. But then, somehow and some way the local county council heard about the contract and seeing a great deal of money to be made they decided they wanted to put their greedy little bits in it so what they did they went behind my father’s back, and they signed the contract instead with the Dutch Government. When my father heard about this, he was fuming he was livid with rage, so he went directly to the county council and said you can’t do this what you are doing is wrong and the C.C. 263 turned around to my father in their arrogance pride and conceit, and they said to my father ‘look little Māori boy we are the ones in power we are the ones in control the laws of this Land say the contract has been signed so there is nothing you can do about it, little Māori boy you just run along home, ok.’ And my father knew he was morally in the right, but he was a poor man who could not afford a fancy lawyer, so my father had to give up his dreams of a better life for himself and us his family all because of the greed and corruption of the C.C. Q: We are going to get to Land claims in a minute. A: But you see, like as bad as they treated him, they did worse things to us, his family, after he died, but that’s another story. Q: Did the C.C. have any further dealings with your family? A: Yeah, to make a long story short because I can see His Honor wants to get to the main bits, the C.C. destroyed our tapu eels. After my father died, we had pet eels - they were pets, not to be eaten or anything like that, we had them for a very long after my father died. A tapu was placed on them which meant they were sacred; the C.C. came along and, even though they were tapu they disregarded us for the local farmers. Q: I’m going to show you now two Photographs (Going in by consent) PHOTOGRAPHS PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT A (INDISTINCT SHADOW) AND B (DISTINCT SHADOW) Q: If you could have a look at those Photographs and tell the jury what they show? A: These are our pet eels that we used to feed and look after and all that sort of thing at the back in our creek that’s before they were killed. Q: Ben, has your Tribe been in discussions with the Government for the return of your ancestral Lands? A: Actually, I am very much involved with the return of my tribes Land. Q: First of all, tell us about the Land claim? A: Well it began in 1876 when the Government thru devious means stole my ancestors Lands, for me tribe this was both like an economic and a spiritual blow to them because it robbed them of an economic and spiritual base, and ever since that time 120 years we have been fighting for the return of our Lands. Q: Have you personally been involved with a claim for the return of your Lands? A: Yes, I attend all the Land meetings, I’ve participated in protest action, and I’ve written numerous letters to the local paper to inform the public about the issues of our Land. Q: Now, I’m going to show you a copy of a letter. LETTER PRODUCED AS EXHIBIT C. Q: Do you recognize that letter? A: Yes, it’s one I wrote to a local paper. Q: What is it called? A: Local Land Claim Over 100 Years Old. Q: Do you remember when you wrote that? A: Couple of years, I think. Q: Now, you’ve told us that you are affiliated to Turora Ngatiphatua and Ngapuhi. To which part of New Zealand do these tribes belong? A: Up in North Island. Q: When did you come to Auckland to live? A: Last year. Q: Did you undertake any study programmes in Auckland? A: Yes.
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Q: What was that programme about? A: Total emersion in the Māori language. Q: Where was that course held? A: Manukau Tech in Otara. Q: Have you heard of the Declaration of Independence 1835? A: Yes. Q: Are you able to tell His Honor and the Jury what it is? A: It’s a Treaty. Q: And do you know when it was signed? A: 1835 by some Chiefs and the British, I haven't got the paper here, so I don’t know Q: I’m going to show you - have you seen that document before? A: Yes, I have. Q: What did you understand the purpose of the Declaration to be? A: To establish a platform for Māori Sovereignty. Q: Does the Declaration of Independence mean anything to you? A: Yes, it establishes our Tino Rangatiratanga which means to me having full control and power over our own resources and assets and living our lives according to our beliefs, principles and customs. THE COURT: Do you produce that Declaration? DECLARATION PRODUCED AS DEFENCE EXHIBIT D. Q: I’m now going to show you a copy of the Treaty of Waitangi. Were any of your tribes signatories to that document? A: Yes, both Ngapuhi and Ngatiwhatua. Q: Was the Treaty written in English only or was it written in Māori as well? A: It was written on both languages. Q: What does the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi mean to you A: It guarantees Māori sovereignty. I mean to say it’s ludicrous to suggest, as some people do, that Māori willingly signed away their sovereignty. At the time this Treaty was signed, Māori outnumbered the Pakeha by 200 to 1, so you can’t tell me under those circumstances anyone would willingly give away their sovereignty and self law, that’s ludicrous. Q: Is there any article in the Treaty which guarantees to Māori Tino Rangatiratanga? A: Second Article of the Treaty glass our Tino Rangatiratanga, it promises undisturbed and exclusive possession of all our assets, plus the Fourth Article which is the unwritten article only written in Māori, that we were promised all our customs beliefs and laws and all of that. Q: Were you taught by your elders what Tino Rangatiratanga meant in the Second Article? A: Yes. I was taught that it was authority based on Mana. Now there are three different concepts of Mana - cosmic principles and spirituality, Mana Tangata, which is about politics and how people organize themselves and there is Mana Whenua, territorial control of the Land and economic development. I was taught it was my custodial duty as a member of my tribe to uphold economic political and social rights of these concepts, both Declaration of Independence and Treaty of Waitangi endorse this moral authority. I was also taught that this Land belongs to one person, that it is my custodial duty as a member of my tribe to protect the integrity of this Land thru the concept of Mana Whenua, because as one of my fellow brothers said, Mike Smith, we are the last line of defence. It is up to us to say to this Government and foreign capitalists kati stop finish you can’t keep on selling off our assets to foreign capitalists, you can’t keep on selling it so they can rape, exploit and destroy our Land. We never said we owned this individually ourselves, but we know no one else does either, and another thing we were taught was that our sovereignty as a people is not reliant upon Treaties, not reliant upon political acts or parties or anything like that. Our sovereignty as a people is guarantee because we have lived and evolved on these islands for the last 2000 years - our people have fought, they have made love, they have made past. This country is rich in history, and as such, our sovereignty as a people is absolute and is guaranteed. Q: Have these two documents, the Declaration of Independence and the Treaty of Waitangi guided you in the action which brought you to Court? A: Yes. There were other factors as well, such as injustices that my family have suffered at the hands of the Government; my tribe have suffered at the hands of the Government, that Māori people throughout history have suffered at the hands of Government, and for me one of the reasons I feel is that I was following an example of a great Ngapuhi Chief Hone Heke. Q: Can you tell us about Hone Heke? A: Hone Heke was a great Ngapuhi Chief who cut down the British flagpole four times in defiance of British rule. The reason he did this because he could see Māori people everywhere suffering at the hands of British Government. Now, at the time that Hone Heke cut down the flagpole, he was condemned - not only by Pakeha, but by many Māori as well. His actions were looked upon as unlawful and rebellious and Hone Heke was looked upon himself as a reprehensible and disgusting terrorist, but now, all these years
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later, history has proven that what Hone Heke did was moral and right and it was also proven that Hone Heke was an honorable and just man. So too, in the same way I believe history will vindicate me for my actions: although I am looked up now as a disgusting and reprehensible terrorist, in 100 years-time however I believe when future historians judge me and judge what my true motivations were for my actions, that they will vindicate me of any wrongdoing just as Hone Heke has been. I believe it. Q: Can you whakapapa264 to Hone Heke? A: No. Q: Has Hone Heke influenced you in the actions which brought you to Court? A: Yes, because like Hone Heke, my actions were not aimed at the community but at the Government. You see, if the Government won’t listen to us Māori, but when their rich friends are offended, they will listen alright. Q: Now, I want to show you the Exhibit dealing with the Tino Rangatiratanga movement. (Exhibit 14). Ben, when did you become involved in the Tino Rangatiratanga movement? MORNING ADJOURNMENT 11:30 COURT RESUMES EXAMINATION IN CHIEF CONTINUES: [Benjamin Nathan) TREATY - EXHIBIT E. Q: Now could you look at Exhibit 14 in front of you please? When did you become involved in the Tino Rangatiratanga movement? A: I became involved in the movement earlier this year. I signed this membership form here, which basically says due to the fact that we will be using direct action against the Government the possibility of being jailed or even killed will be extremely likely, so if you are not prepared to face dangers, do not sign up. Also, like part of our membership form we have swear a loyalty oath which says my loyalty is my honor my loyalty to the cause of Tino Rangatiratanga is my honor. Q: Why did you become involved in the movement? A: Basically, just out of frustration and resentment against this racist Government - just the better things for Māori people in general. Q: Can you tell us anything about the Organization? A: Yes. Organization no longer exists since I’ve - since the last 6 or so months. It’s disbanded for various reasons, so there’s no longer our Organization left. Q: Was it after you joined the Organization that the plan to damage the America’s Cup was conceived? A: Yes. Q: Why did you damage the Cup? A: There were a number of reasons. Firstly, in order to protest against this Government for the continued sale of our assets to foreign capitalists who are destroying our sacred treasures, forests and lakes and all that sort of thing. Already over half of our Lands and assets have been sold to foreign capitalists, yet the people of New Zealand don’t seem to care about that. Second reason was in order to protest against this Government for not fully honoring the Treaty of Waitangi and the Declaration of Independence. The third reason why I did as I did was in order to protest against this Government and Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron for not consulting with my tribes to use the waters for the America’s yacht race. If they are going to pollute all the sacred sites and all that, they can’t do that. They have to consult with our tribes, and they haven't, and the fourth reason to protest against what the Cup symbolizes. Q: What does the Cup symbolize? A: The rich becoming richer and the poor, poorer. Q: Who are the poor? A: They are my people, whose going to benefit from this Cup. Not my people - only the rich. Q: Did you honestly believe what you did was justifiable? A: Now you’ve asked me if I honestly believe that my actions were justifiable, yes. I sincerely believe my actions were justifiable, and my thinking has developed in this way as to why I believe my actions were justifiable. Was it justifiable for the local C.C. to rob my father of his eel contract, thus destroying his dreams of a better life for his family? Was it justifiable for the same C.C. to destroy our sacred eels? Was that justifiable? Was it justifiable for the Government, in 1876, to rob my tribe of their Lands? Was that justifiable? Is it justifiable that this Government continues to sell off our assets and our Land to foreign capitalists even though it is against the will of both New Zealanders Māori and Pakeha? Is it justifiable that this same Government continues to refuse to fully
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honor the Treaty of Waitangi and Declaration of Independence? Is that justifiable? Is it justifiable that the New Zealand Lotto Board has turned down a grant for the people in the disabled wheelchairs, but they have given exorbitant amounts of money to Black Magic? Is it justifiable that the ACC chucked out old people from their homes which they have been living in for 30 years to make way for condominiums for Cup crew? This is reality and I ask is that justifiable? So, compared to these atrocities, my act pails completely in significance. Not only do I believe my act was justifiable, I believe it was honorable and I believe it was right. Q: What are the grievances which you had which caused you to attack the Cup? A: Well, firstly, as I have said, there are my family grievances because of what the Government did to my family. Secondly, tribal grievances because of what New Zealand Government has done to tribes throughout New Zealand and continues to do. Thirdly, my Māori political grievances because the Government refuses to fully honor the Declaration Fourthly, the conservation grievances because the Government keeps on selling off assets to foreign capitalists. Fifthly, they didn't consult with my tribes to use the waterways, and because of what the Cup symbolizes, mainly the grievances which I mentioned before. Q: Before you damaged the Cup had you tried any other means to address those grievances? A: Yes, I participated in protest action and also I’ve written numerous letters to various officials and various newspapers and that. Q: I’m going to show you 3 letters now LETTERS - IDENTITY F LETTER - PUT IN PLACE - G LETTER - NOT VOTING - H Q: Have a look at those letters. Are they the ones to which you were referring? A: Some of them. Q: Produce those. Ben, had you formed the view as to whether or not the Government was making honest attempts to address the grievances you have told us about? A: Yes, and my view was and it still is that this Government is making no real serious attempts to address my main grievances, e.g. when leaders of Tino Rangatiratanga movement went to go and see Government to discuss issue of Māori Sovereignty, the Government flatly refused to even discuss it with them. Secondly, this Government is continuing to sell of our assets and our Land and all that to foreign capitalists even though against the will of Māori and Pakeha people. They are destroying our Land. Q: Did you have a belief in your mind which justified the action you took? A: Yes, it was a belief of Māori law of Muru 265. What I did was legally right, according to a law which is called Muru. Q: Can you explain what the law of Muru is? A: Well basically Māori law of Muru means to plunder or destroy. Now back in the old days if someone did something wrong, they could be punished by not having their goods destroyed but by having goods destroyed that belonged either to friend or family. In other words, even if you were totally innocent of a crime according to Māori law of Muru, if one of your friends or family committed something wrong you could be punished instead of them. So that’s why, for myself, that’s why I believed I was fully justified in taking action I did, because I was doing so according to Māori law of Muru. Because I recognize both Pakeha and Māori law, this is how when I say I believe it’s justified in this way all those involved with America’s Cup are friends of New Zealand Government. They all associated with New Zealand Government in one form or another, so by taking Muru against the Cup, I was, in effect, punishing New Zealand Government for the crimes they commit and continue to commit against the Māori people by not honor the Treaty and the Declaration of Independence. Q: Can you commit Muru again, are you able to commit Muru again? A: You mean against the Government? Q: Yes, against the Government? A: Well, for myself personally, technically, cannot commit Muru again against the Government. Reason is because once a person has taken Muru against someone else for wrongs that someone else has committed, he can’t do it again. So, for me personally, I can’t. My fellow or ex-member could, if they wished to I should, say, or any other Māoris could, however, even if I was able to, I would not commit Muru again against the Government, for the simple reason that I believe I have achieved the political aim which I set out to achieve: to punish the Government for the wrongs it continues to commit against Māori people and the Declaration of Independence. Q: Did you think that taking this action against the Cup might result in any positive changes? A: Yes, because it will let this Government know that there are still people out there who are willing to fight for this Land, let this Government know that it cannot continue to sell off our assets to foreign capitalists. You see, both my grandfathers fought in both World Wars in defense of this Land. If they could see what this Government was doing to it, they would turn in their grave. And
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also, to let this Government know that we will continue until they fully honor the Treaty of Waitangi and Declaration of Independence. Q: When you damaged the Cup, did you have a belief as to any legal right you may have had? A: Yes, the legal right of Muru, according to Māori law which I recognize, and I believe in. Q: Is Muru recognized by Māori law? A: Yes, it is. Part of our oral and cultural law, it is also part of our Declaration of Independence, also part of the Treaty of Waitangi, and also part of United Nations Declarations for Indigenous People of which this Government is a signatory. Q: On the day you attacked the America’s Cup, a fax was sent to all the media stations, and in the fax it says our aim is the establishment of an independent Māori state. THE COURT: Are you giving evidence? MRS SMITH: Was a press release sent to the media? A: Yes. Q: What did that say? A: A press release266 stated that we will establish an independent Māori state. Such a state would have a red, white and black Flag of Tino Rangatiratanga movement as our official Flag. Such a state would have official language as the Māori language. Such a state would have a Māori army, Māori Justice system, Māori Parliament system. Such a state would have a written constitution in Māori based on principles of equality Justice and fairness for all. That is what the press release meant. Basically, what I wanted to say was that I no longer believe in the concept of an independent Māori state, for the simple reason that I believe it would divide our country. I’ve had a lot of time to think about things over the last 6 months or so, during which time I realized the only reason I had a radical belief was because of a rage and resentment I felt against the Government. For me, personally, my concept of Tino Rangatiratanga is the empowerment of Māori people and Māori tribes are politically and economically, so that each tribe can live according to their own customs beliefs and principles and be in control of your own resources and assets of course. We have to have one law for all New Zealanders - I also believe that Māori law should be included in one law in the Treaty of Waitangi. Q: On 14 March this year did you take a taxi from downtown to Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron? A: Yes. Q: Did you arrive at the Squadron at about 11:15 that morning? A: Yes. Q: When you walked inside the building, did you speak to the Receptionist? A: Yes. Q: What did you say when you spoke to her? A: I told her that I was a reporter who had come to do a story on the Cup. Q: After you spoke to the Receptionist, what did you do next? A: I went straight up to the America’s Cup room. Q: When you reached the room, what did you see? A: I saw the America’s Cup in the middle of the room, and there was four people sitting in the corner. Q: When you saw these people, did anything go thru your mind? A: Yes, I froze for about 2 minutes. You see, my intention was not to hurt or frighten anyone - it was solely to destroy the America’s Cup which is symbol of everything I despise. You see, when we first planned our operation267, there had been no one in the room and I later found out they had just arrived for some regatta, so there was meant to be no one in the room. Q: What made you decide to continue with your plan? A: Well, there were a number of factors, but the most motivating factor was the quotation by John F. Kennedy. Q: Could the Exhibit please be shown, Exhibit 13. Is that the Exhibit to which you are referring? A: Actually, it was written by John F. Kennedy, and attributed to Theodore Roosevelt. Q: What can you tell us about that Exhibit? A: Well, it was written by John F. Kennedy, and tributed to Theodore Roosevelt. Q: Why did you take it with you? A: The main reason why I took that with me was to inspire and encourage me. You see, I read it all the way there to the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, just to give me courage. I suppose to mentally prepare me. Q: Did you know the words off by heart? A: No. Q: Did it seem hypocritical to you reading a quotation written by the American president when you were going to smash the America’s Cup?
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A: Not at all, the late president John F. Kennedy, who wrote this tribute, was the greatest American leader who ever lived. He helped end Martin Luther King segregation in America. For me, it was a great honor to have his words to inspire me. Q: Now you told us when you went into the room you saw people there and you hadn’t expected to see them. What were the factors that made you continue? A: Well, like I said, there were a number of factors: firstly, I believe too much time and planning had gone into the operation to back out. Secondly, I believe it was my duty as a member of Tino Rangatiratanga movement to make a stand for our course. Thirdly, and most importantly, I was inspired to carry on by these words which I had been reading. Q: When you had made up your mind to continue and smash the Cup, did you have any attitude to the people who were in the room? A: Yes. I was determined not to hurt them. As I said, my sole intention was to destroy the Cup. It had nothing to do with anyone else, yeah, my intention was to destroy the Cup. Q: When you started hitting the case in which the Cup stood, did it surprise you it was so hard to break? A: Yeah, it did actually. It was like incredibly thick glass, and I kept on sort of just smashing it. I couldn't believe how tough it was, that glass. Q: Now you said in your interview with Constable Dowling that you kept smashing the case, and you said to him it kept making a lot of noise like trying to scare everyone off, remember that? A: Yes. Q: What did you mean by the words like ‘trying to scare everyone off’? A: Because I had made up my mind to continue with the plan, I didn't want to frighten anyone more than I had to, so I just started yelling and that, in the hope that people would leave the room, which most of them did, except for one person, which is regretful. Q: Was there any chance that any of the people could have been struck by the sledgehammer? A: No, not at all. The Cup stood in the middle of the room and the people in the corner were over there. I went straight to the Cup I didn't go to the people - I went straight to the Cup and started smashing it. Q: You may recall a witness yesterday, Mark Wallis, said that you spoke to him and said ‘Tino Rangatiratanga mother fucker.’ Did you use those words? A: Yeah. Q: Why did you say that? A: Well, I was just hyped up and tensed up at the time. It was all the tension coming out of me it - was nothing personal. I didn't even know him. Q: Remember Richard Hare, the man with the camera gave evidence yesterday and he said that you swore at him. as there anything personal in that? A: Is that the fella with the camera? Mrs. Smith: Yes. A: No, it was nothing - like I said, I was hyped and tense at the time like I said a lot of things on the day which I wouldn’t normally say to people I don’t know. Q: Mr. Hare said you said to him ‘Māori will take over New Zealand,’ remember? A: Yes. Q: Why did you say that? A: Well, once again, like I said, I was hyped up and I said a lot of things I didn't mean. After all, it’s not every day a person goes around smashing America’s Cup, it just happened like that. Q: Did you tell Mr. Hare to go home? A: Yes. Q: Mr. Hare said when you told him to go home, he said ‘I’m a New Zealander and I have as much right as you do,’ remember that? A: Yes Q: When you told Mr. Hare to go home, what did you mean? A: When I told Mr. Hare to go home, I meant his place at the time. I saw he had a camera, so I told him to get away and that I was referring to his home - I wasn’t referring to anywhere else. He said yesterday I was referring to England, which isn’t true. Q: As far as you are concerned, does Richard Hare have a right to live in New Zealand? A: As far as I’m concerned, no matter what a person’s color, religion, race, or anything like that, everyone is welcome to live in this country. My fight is not against the ordinary people of this country, it’s against this corrupt Government. Richard Hare has got the right to live here as I have. Q: Remember Warren Weikman gave evidence yesterday, and he said after you took off your suit, you began chanting and saying ‘this is Māori Land you white bastards,’ remember that? A: Yes. Q: To which Land were you referring? A: To all the Māori Land that is currently under Māori claims before the Government.
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Q: When you said ‘white bastards,’ to whom were you referring? A: I was referring to all those people who were there at the time, however, I would like to say I realize that that is a very racist remark, and, as such, I would like to apologize for that. Q: In brief why did you go to the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron on 14 March and smash the Cup? A: Well, I believed that it was my moral and legal duty to do so, because as someone once wrote ‘let us believe to the very end that right makes might. And, in that belief, let us dare to do our duty as we understand it’ and I believe that was my duty as a member of my tribe and as a member of the Tino Rangatiratanga movement, to make a stand for our cause. That it was my custodial duty to protect the economic Protocol and social integrity of the concepts of Mana Atua Mana Whenua and Mana Tangata. Q: When you refer to ‘my tribe’ to which tribe are you referring? A: Well, I grew up mainly with Turoroa, but I still retain strong links with Ngati Whatua and Ngatipuhi as well. Q: Are they linked to the Waitemata? A: Yes. Q: Do you know if there are any sacred sites on the Waitemata Harbour? A: Yes. Where that Yacht Squadron is there is a sacred site there - it used to be like a launching stone for all the canoes. Q: What did you expect to achieve by smashing the Cup, just in a very brief summary? A: Well, to force this Government to honor the Treaty of Waitangi and Declaration of Independence, and to stop selling off our assets to foreign capitalists. Those are my political aims. Q: Has the customary law of Muru enabled you to do that? A: Yes, because it has enabled me to act lawfully according to Māori law. Q: And my final question to you is this, should other New Zealanders feel threatened by the concept of Tino Rangatiratanga that is Māori Sovereignty? A: No. I believe not. See, like once New Zealanders are made aware of what the Treaty is all about then they will understand what Māori Sovereignty is all about. You see, I see a future Aotearoa with a Māori language and values will flourish, where our country will not be based on exploitation, but more on sustainability of our assets, and that people who come to this country will say you know, bro, it’s real choice here man, it’s clean and it’s green and they’ve got a real good Kaupapa, they have found a way to meet the needs of a modern society along with the rights of a Tangata Whenua, it’s not like in some countries where people are sleeping on the streets where others have millions of dollars. MRS. SMITH INTERPOSES THE NEXT WITNESS BY CONSENT. MAORI INTERPRETER SWORN IN MRS. SMITH CALLS: COLIN WELSH (SWORN) Q: Sir, could you introduce yourself to the Court please? A: I am an elder - a senior elder - of Ngati Whatua and also extends to the four winds of Aotearoa. Te Tainui, that is the Waikato, Taitokerau, the north and the south and the east. My name is TeAroha Patuani Werehi. Q: Can you explain, please, to the Court, your status and your immediate tribal connections to the Tamaki-Makau-Rau? A: I am a senior elder here in Tamaki-Makau-Rau, the local tribe being Ngati Whatua. I am here to give an in-depth Māori perspective that can only be expressed in the Māori language. Q: Are you related to Benjamin Nathan? A: Yes, as was explained in the first instance, his connections not only in Ngati Whatua but extend to the Taitokerau confederation of tribes. Q: Are those the principal lines of relationship, main lines of descent? A: Yes, there are some things, by virtue of my being a senior elder in Māori society, that can only be expressed by a senior elder, and cannot be expressed by the younger generation. Q: Do you know about Ben’s action in smashing the America’s Cup? A: Yes. Q: As senior elder, can you sanction that action within Māori customs and tradition? A: Yes. Q: Finally, Sir, can you tell us why you can sanction them? A: Let me go back to traditional times. I don’t agree with the action, per se, but let me say this. As an elder, that there were issues laid down by our elders. There were Māori lores laid down and laws laid down by our elders to follow in those days - they were very sacred. Māori laws were sacred, if one offended, they were dealt with in a very particular way, but we have no access to that structure anymore. A trial of a person was conducted on the sacred marae where everyone could hear what the offence was, nowadays that is lost. Version 1.3
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Concerning this young man, here you have a young person who is striving to understand his own culture and has struggled to gain some of this knowledge. Some of the depth of Māori knowledge has been passed on to him but he lives in a world dominated by western culture, and there you have the difficulty. So, within his understanding of Māori knowledge and culture, he understands that the most important thing is human beings, then he lives in this world which is dominated by western culture that teaches him that things are more important, material things are more important and there develops the anger within him and within many young Māori people that material things have more importance than human beings. And in understanding that human beings are more important, it is also a connection to his God who created him, for in Māori society there is a belief that we descended from the God, a sacred seed from the Gods, yet within this western culture he is educated to honor and prize material things. I want to thank you all for your patience for listening and I would ask at this time for one minute silence in remembering Princess Diana. 268 (Minute of silence observed). NO CROSS-EXAMINATION NO FURTHER QUESTIONS WITNESS EXCUSED LUNCHEON ADJOURNMENT 1:00 PM COURT RESUMES 2:35 PM CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR. RAFTERY: [Benjamin Nathan] Q: When you spoke to the Police on the day that you smashed the Cup, you told them you believed you were morally justified in doing what you did, didn't you? A: Yes. Q: Today you’ve added that you also say you were legally justified because of a Māori custom of Muru. That’s right, isn’t it? A: Yes. Q: Was there any particular reason why you didn't say anything about Muru to the Police? A: No, there’s no particular reason at that time. Q: Or is this a further justification claimed for your actions which has been thought about since your actions? A: Well, I don’t believe it is, for the simple fact that all these beliefs and custom and principles that I’m talking about I know all about them before I did my actions, but you’ve got to remember on the day I undertook the action that I did that there was a lot of things I didn't say to the Police. Q: I accept, for the purposes of argument, that you knew about the custom of Muru before you spoke to the Police, when you did speak to the Police you will remember that on a couple of occasions you stopped him questioning you and said you had more to say and wanted to finish your explanations for your actions, didn't you? A: That’s right. Q: And, on no occasion during your interview with the Police did you make any reference to Muru? A: Are you calling me a liar, Mister? THE COURT: Listen to the question. MR. RAFTERY: On no occasion on your interview with the Police did you make any reference to Muru, did you? A: Well, it’s like I’ve explained, Mister. I never said a lot of things which I could have said because I forgot a lot of things, and I also said a lot of things which I now regret, such as racist remarks. You have to remember, on the day I was extremely tensed up when I had the interview with the police. I didn't explain what I had done, now regardless of the fact whatever you think I know for myself that I was acting in accordance to my belief, that was the belief of Muru. I knew about that prior - before the America’s Cup. Q: So, is the answer to the question 'no i didn't'? A: I can’t understand what you mean. Q: The question was, did you make any mention of the custom of Muru to the Police? A: I’ve already said I didn't. It was in the interview. Q: You acknowledged to the Police that you knew you were breaking the laws of this country, but believed you were morally justified in doing so, didn't you? A: Yes, morally justified under the Māori law of Muru. That’s right.
268
Diana died 1 August 1997 in an automobile accident.
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Q: And that fully expresses in a short and pithy way the reason why you did what you did, is that correct? A: That’s right. NO RE-EXAMINATION NO FURTHER QUESTIONS WITNESS EXCUSED COURT ADJOURNS FOR THE DAY 3:15 PM TO RESUME THURSDAY 4 SEPTEMBER 1997 AT 10:00 AM
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APPENDIX II
SENTENCING NOTES OF JUDGE BARRY N. MORRIS IN THE DISTRICT COURT HELD AT AUCKLAND
T No. 146/97
QUEEN V BENJAMIN PERI NATHAN Date of Sentence:
11 September 1997
Counsel: Mr. K. Raftery for Crown Mrs. L. Smith for Accused
SENTENCING NOTES OF JUDGE B. N. MORRIS
Solicitors: Mr. K. Raftery, Crown Law Office, Auckland Mrs. L. Smith, P.O. Box 47-106, Auckland Benjamin Peri Nathan is a sentenced prisoner for sentence in respect of a jury trial which took place here on 1 September 1997. On 4 September 1997 the jury returned a guilty verdict. There was one count in the Indictment and that was; "that on or about 14 March 1997 at Auckland, Benjamin Peri Nathan willfully damaged a sporting trophy". The trophy is not identified in the Indictment, but it was the America’s Cup. There is no argument about the fact that on this particular day at about 11:30 a.m., the prisoner in an ordinary business suit carrying a small bag went by taxi to the premises of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron on the Waterfront in St. Mary’s Bay, that he asked directions of staff, that he went up into the America’s Cup room which was being used that day as a committee room for a Regatta which was about to or was underway, other people were there, the Cup was there in its special case in the room. The prisoner took from his bag a substantial short handled sledgehammer and after brief reflection, or he might have reflected on it before he picked it up, he took to the case. He told us that his purpose was to destroy the America’s Cup. He was surprised at the level of resistance that the Cup casing put up and he told us that it took a lot of work and effort. He could not get the Cup out of the hole he had made in the case, and he proceeded to give it a number of hefty blows. When he was satisfied that he had done enough damage to it he took off his coat, or he might have taken it off before he laid down his sledgehammer, and engaged in various conversations, if that is the correct term, with a number of people in the room. He made it crystal clear in his evidence and in his original statement to the Police that he meant and intended to harm no person, that his attack was motivated against the Cup and it was his task to destroy it. The matters then proceeded from that time, the
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Police were called, he was interviewed and he finally appeared before a jury and me, as I said, on 1 September 1997. It is important at this stage that I deal with elements of his defence. As I said he has never denied planning and effecting the purpose, the operation of destroying or attempting to destroy the Cup. After two days of evidence, based upon the thrust of the information Mrs. Smith gave as to the basis of his defence, we had a hearing away from the jury to discuss and for me to rule on the notion of a defence to this charge under the conventional provisions of the Crimes Act. And whilst I do not intend to go into it in any detail, I want to make it plain how it was dealt with by this Court and, of course, there is a public record of my ruling which could not be published in any form until the jury had given its verdict. It was my ruling that the §2 defence of colour of right is not available when the mistake of fact or any matter of law is based on the belief that the justification of the act is against the very provisions of the enactment against which the offence is alleged. In short, the colour of right defence set out here, that is in this case, is based on the Accused's belief that his act which he claimed is justifiable under Māori law overrides the provisions and the specific provisions of §298 of the Crimes Act 1961. I went on to say that there is room for Māori customary law where such customary law can co-exist with the general provisions of the New Zealand Crimes Act, but where the provisions of Māori customary law conflict with or are contrary to the provisions of the New Zealand criminal law they cannot override the legislation itself. What I said was 'It is to be desirable, surely, that there is one set of rules regulating criminal acts in New Zealand which binds everyone'. The Crown has never suggested that Benjamin Peri Nathan acted other than with sincerity in his beliefs, but the simple fact of the matter is, in my view, those beliefs could not be a legal justification for what happened on the day. I do not think I need to go into that any further, but I want to put it into perspective. Today on sentencing we have embarked basically on a conventional sentencing hearing. I have had a Probation Service report which appends a copy of the summary of facts, the Indictment and the prisoner's previous list of offending. It is not quite up to date, but I am informed from the Bar by counsel for the Prosecution and the Defence that a suspended sentence of imprisonment imposed in July 1996 has subsequently been invoked and he is a sentenced prisoner on those matters. The Probation Service report carefully and thoroughly sets out his position. In addition, I have had the benefit of a personal note from him where he sets out a number of his personal concerns, basically following his consistent statement of his beliefs to date. He has asked me, and I respect that, to not mention any part of it because it is personal things that come from the heart from him, and I respect that. His mother has sent in a note, she was not able to be here today. Ms. Annette Sykes gave a statement on his behalf under §16. Mrs. Smith informed me that she, Ms. Sykes, is authorised by the family, the immediate family and the wider family, to support him today. She carefully went over a whole raft of important matters to the various family, lwi and tribal groups to which this prisoner belongs. She mentioned the broad concepts of the relevance of Māori law and she accentuates and confirms a whole list of the very issues that the prisoner had put to the jury, to me and to the Police Officer who first interviewed him after this event. She asks, on his behalf, that I release him to the family and that he goes back possibly up North where those aspects of rehabilitation that are recognised in the report are addressed within the family environment. Mrs. Smith, accepting the recommendation of the Probation Service, suggests that the notion of a community-based sentence as it is not recommended by the Probation Service might not find favour with me. She suggests the imprisonment concept recommended by the Probation Service, but the making of that to be concurrent so that it would fuse in with his existing term which he is almost free of now if the District Prison Board reviews him favourably in a short time. The Criminal Justice Act makes a clear distinction between probable outcomes on people by in large are visited by full term custodial sentences. Attacks on property or property offences are not necessarily visited by that type of outcome. One of the pieces of information that I have is a victim impact statement given to the Police by the lady who works in the Squadron and who was in this committee room on that day. It says this: "When the incident happened with the Americas Cup, I was terribly scared and I honestly thought that the man was going to attack us with the sledgehammer. I was so terrified after he began smashing the case that I knelt on the floor behind the photocopier. I cried, I was terrified, I was there for about five minutes, I was finally escorted out." And she mentions the effect that that had on her. Her last sentence, in my view, puts all this into perspective. Version 1.3
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"....I feel very sorry for the Team that won the Cup and all the effort that they put into, not only for themselves for all New Zealanders." It is interesting to note that at page 4 of the Probation Service report the probation officer says this: "Mr. Nathan stated that he does not regret the offence nor the damage to a symbol of the dominant culture, however, he stated that he very much regrets having caused any emotional harm or stress to those present at the time of the offence." To a degree, therefore, he has made some recognition of the hurt that he gave the lady whose situation I mentioned from the victim impact statement, and he says he informed that he and others who had decided on the action had not intended harm to anyone, and I accept that too. During the trial Mrs. Smith in her addresses to the jury put some emphasis on the fact that these actions were to destroy, and I think she used the term somewhere 'a mere bauble' or some such, and the prisoner himself makes no secret of the fact of his genuinely held concerns over human values. As I see it this Cup is not a 'mere bauble' but it is something that represents the very best of human values. It represents the enormous effort of a team of men and women over a period of years who worked together with the greatest skill in almost every avenue of design, planning, implementation and execution, who devoted their lives to this, and in achieving victory placed New Zealand in a supreme situation, in a true David and Goliath situation, by whipping the most powerful nation on earth. And one only has to remember the outpouring of euphoria, I suppose is the only word that I could use, in the achievements of these people. Sure, it was funded by significant sums of money, but no achievement like theirs could have been undertaken, let alone successfully completed, without the most incredible amalgam of ability, dedication and sheer guts. I agree with Mr. Raftery that this episode is a political statement, a pro-active political statement, designed to draw attention to the holder or holders of the grievance in the most public way in this country and throughout the world. In a true democracy one has to have the right of legitimate protest and that is the mark of a real democracy, but one of the stumbling stones, if you like, of achieving a just outcome for any grievance is the lobby of interest with non negotiable demands. I am not making any comment on the justification or the existence of a whole host of grievances, that is not my job, that is not my role. What I am saying is that if everyone; Māori or of any of our number of cultures, and we have got to remember that we are no longer a bi-cultural country, we are a multi-cultural country and unless we have a common legal fabric then we cannot function and that is the simple plain matter of fact. I accept that imprisonment is the only option for me, for the reasons mentioned (by Mr. Raftery, to show on behalf of the citizenry our distaste for what he has done. By that they are not, and certainly I am not, showing distaste for his sincerely held views, but to vent them in this way, as I said, is only a recipe for chaos. There has to be some aspect of deterrence. I have to be conscious of the fact that Benjamin Peri Nathan has got a significant 12-year history of appearing before the Court, this is his 17th appearance, and I have to differentiate between him and the person who creates a political protest with an otherwise impeccable background. On the basis that the maximum period for sentence in respect of this Section is five years, it is my belief that the appropriate sentence, bearing in mind his contrition in respect of any unhappiness or emotional harm that he caused to others, is two years and 10 months and that is to be served cumulative on his existing sentence.
(B.N. Morris) District Court Judge
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APPENDIX III
Coram: Hearing: Counsel: Judgment:
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF NEW ZEALAND CA 386/97 THE QUEEN v BENJAMIN PERI NATHAN
Richardson P Keith J Blanchard J 10 December 1997 P A Williams QC and Cara for Appellant S P France for Crown 15 December 1997
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT DELIVERED BY KEITH J Benjamin Peri Nathan was convicted following a jury trial at the District Court in Auckland of willfully damaging the America’s Cup in March 1997. He was sentenced to two years 10 months imprisonment on 11 September. That sentence was to be served cumulatively with the sentence of 18 months imprisonment which had been imposed on him five months earlier on 9 April 1997. Mr. Nathan originally appealed against both conviction and sentence but he has abandoned his appeal against conviction which is accordingly dismissed. As Mr. Williams QC, his counsel puts it, Mr. Nathan now takes the view that what he did was wrong and that he must be punished for what he did. The appeal against sentence is on the ground that the sentence was manifestly excessive in itself and because it was made cumulative on the existing term of imprisonment. The principal reason given in support of the ground of appeal is the humanitarian or political motivation behind the attack on the Cup: Mr. Nathan’s motivations were to him idealistic, moralistic and designed to enhance te tino rangatiratanga of his people, the Māori people. There are also reasons relating to Mr. Nathan’s personal development. The facts immediately surrounding the offence can be briefly stated. On 14 March Mr. Nathan entered the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron building at the Westhaven marina in Auckland. He was wearing a business suit, shirt and tie. He was carrying a canvas bag containing a short-handled sledgehammer, approximately 60cm in length. In front of several people in the room he withdrew the hammer from the bag and walked to the glass case containing the America’s Cup. He struck the glass case about 20 times, puncturing it in several places. He then struck the Cup with the sledgehammer about 15 times, causing extensive damage. At that point he took off his suit jacket, collared shirt and tie, revealing a T-shirt with a Māori sovereignty slogan and uttered words in Māori and English to the effect that “this is Māori land you white bastards”. The police arrived and the defendant put the sledgehammer on the floor. He was arrested, offering no resistance. Mr. Nathan made it clear both in his evidence and in his original statement to the police that his attack was against the Cup, that it was his task to destroy it and that he meant and intended no harm to any person. He has expressed his regret for causing emotional harm or stress to those present at the time of the offence. One employee of the Squadron said that she was “terribly scared” and that she “honestly thought that Mr. Nathan was going to attack those in the room with the sledgehammer”. She cried. She was terrified. She hid by kneeling behind the photocopier in the room for about five minutes before she was finally escorted out. Mr. Nathan’s statement of regret is to be seen against the background of the facts that on the day before the offence he and others of a group of students at Manukau Technical Institute who had conceived the idea of destroying the America’s Cup as a symbol of protest had visited the Yacht Squadron building to check out the security arrangements for the protection of the Cup. We were told that the main priority of this surveillance was to evolve a plan which would involve damage to the Cup but in a way that did not injure any member of the public or indeed any person at all connected with the security of the Cup. When they carried out that surveillance and went into the room in which the Cup was situated there were no guards or officials present. That made them confident that they could carry out the plan without harming any person. Four of the group had originally planned to meet at the Institute and to participate in the attack. When Mr. Nathan arrived at the Institute on the morning there was however only one other person present and he was the person whose job it was to send faxes to the media. The appellant felt that he was committed to go through with the plan and when he got to the Yacht Squadron he found, contrary to his expectation, that some people were present in the room where the Cup was on display. Version 1.3
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Mr. France, for the Crown, while recognizing the significance of motivation in sentencing, also stressed the nature of the property damaged and the value of that damage. He submitted that this was a serious offence within the type of willful damage falling within s298(4) of the Crimes Act - the general category of willful damage carrying a maximum penalty of five years. He emphasized three matters: 1. The amount of damage caused was substantial. Mr. Nathan’s stated purpose was to destroy the Cup although as it turned out it was able to be fully repaired. 2. The value of the damage was large. While most of the costs were internalized by contributing organizations this does not diminish the amount. The jewelers estimated the cost of repair at £20,000. As well there were the associated costs of transport to and from England and the construction of a new glass case. 3. The offending was premeditated and aimed at property the damage or destruction of which would bring public embarrassment to New Zealand. Whatever view is held of the merits of the America’s Cup the reality is that it is a famous international trophy first won in 1851 of which New Zealand was a guardian. We now turn to counsel’s statement of Mr. Nathan’s motives, motives which we were told were also shared by others of the group: The main reasons why the group decided to damage the America’s Cup were as follows: a) As a protest on behalf of Māori against the non-recognition or non-plenary recognition of the terms of the Treaty of Waitangi. b) A protest on behalf of all New Zealanders against the policy of the Government in selling New Zealand assets to foreigners. Mr. Nathan also says that he had personal reasons relating more specifically to the Cup: a) The New Zealand Yacht Squadron did not consult all the appropriate Māori people in their preparation for the America’s Cup, particularly in regard to water rights. Mr. Nathan says that while Tainui was consulted, his tribe, Ngati Whatua, which had relevant ancestral rights, was not consulted. b) That the America’s Cup represents greed and ideas of the rich getting richer, and the poor getting poorer. c) In disgust at the actions of the Auckland City Council in selling off housing at Freemans Bay, which was being used by a cross-section of the people for their homes, and planning to use the money that would be realized by the sale of these houses, in providing facilities for the America’s Cup, which is a rich boy’s playground. Mr. Nathan’s criminal record is plainly also significant in this case. As indicated above, he was at the time of sentencing five months into an 18 months sentence. That sentence arose from a review on 9 April 1997 of a sentence imposed on 19 July 1996. In 1996 he had been sentenced for two offences which he himself reported to the Police. It was accepted that detection of both offences was unlikely but for that voluntary action. That can be seen as a commendable recognition of personal responsibility. The offences had been committed in 1991 and 1996. On the earlier occasion he used a knife to rob a shop assistant of $60. In April 1996 he entered a branch of a bank. He was wearing a suit he had purchased. He gave the teller a note which read “do exactly as I tell you or I will kill you”. The bank’s security measures foiled the attempted robbery and the appellant left the bank. The July 1996 sentence was 12 months imprisonment, suspended for one year, and two years supervision. Although the supervision was initially successful, after four months it failed. The appellant refused to participate, Mr. Williams said because of his view that he should not be subject to “European law”, and he left to shift back North. He had been expressly instructed not to do this until alternative arrangements were made. Mr. Nathan appealed to this Court against the 18 months imprisonment imposed on the review but that appeal was dismissed ex parte. When the District Court Judge came to impose sentence in the current case he had to have regard to that serious offending and to the fact that Mr. Nathan was five months into the 18 month term. In the following month he would otherwise have been eligible to be considered for parole. The effect of the new sentence is that that eligibility would not arise until about 9 September 1998 and the release date, at two thirds through the combined sentence, would be in February 2000. There is no dispute that a sentence of imprisonment had to be imposed. This was a serious offence of its type. For the reasons which Mr. France emphasized relating to the damage and the wider consequences of the offence, we agree that the law must take a
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firm hand. We agree also with his contention that those reasons, along with Mr. Nathan’s earlier record, meant that an additional period of imprisonment had to be imposed. Where we differ from the sentencing Judge is in the extent of that addition. While counsel agreed that sentences imposed in other cases of willful damage are of limited assistance, one decision of this Court relating to acts of political protest does provide some help. In R v Burton [1982] 1 NZLR 602 sentences of nine months’ imprisonment were quashed. Each accused was fined $1,000 and ordered to serve a period of 150 hours of community service. The accused had been found guilty of damaging a television transmitter when they cut cables in an attempt to stop the broadcasting of the third rugby test during the 1981 Springbok tour. The sentencing Judge had accepted that they went to the transmitter not for purposes of malice or mere destruction but to demonstrate and advertise what they felt was a moral point of view. Although they did not appear to have realized that the damage done would involve more than a few hundred dollars, the damage was in fact serious and cost an estimated $45,000. Counsel for the appellants submitted that the Judge had given too much weight to the need for a deterrent sentence and had paid too little attention to personal considerations, previous good character, absence of previous convictions and the underlying motivation. Those were among the factors that led to the appeal succeeding. There are two important distinctions between the Burton case and the current one. The appellants in that case had been hardworking, successful and considerate people and without any previous convictions. As well, they did not appear to have realised that the damage done would involve more than a few hundred dollars. By contrast Mr. Nathan’s record tells against him, as does his intention to destroy the Cup. What is common to the two cases, however, is the mitigating impact of motivation. We are not saying that those who wish to make public protests for what they see as compelling reasons are free to act outside the law. They are not. Indeed, the appellant by his withdrawing of his appeal against conviction now accepts that. But the underlying motivation in this case is not one of destruction for the mere sake of destruction. As in Burton, the appellant was demonstrating and advertising what he felt was a moral point of view. There is a further consideration bearing on the extent of the additional term of imprisonment that was not before the sentencing Judge. The Waipareira Trust has made it clear that they would welcome Mr. Nathan into one of their programs. The Trust would prepare and monitor a training and educational programme involving a caring residential programme where Mr. Nathan would need to work in a team and whanau capacity, and where responsibility is highly valued. Specialists such as clinical psychologists or tohunga would, depending on Mr. Nathan’s personal merits, be brought in to help with his rehabilitation. The Trust, under the auspices of New Zealand Employment Service, has an employment center and one of its goals would be that Mr. Nathan return to the community rehabilitated and in full employment. He would, as well, be provided help by the Elders Council of the Trust. The latest annual report of the Trust describes the programs run at the habilitation center in Massey. It is a 6–12-month resident programme primarily for Māori who are eligible for early parole from prison, or those who are sentenced to a community based sanction by the courts: The programme is holistic in its approach and is designed to provide a therapeutic support of whanau environment for residents with an overall Māori philosophy. Within the habilitation centre core programmes are run in relation to work training programs, drug and alcohol abuse and anger management courses and also psychological counselling from a clinically trained Māori psychologist. The report quotes from sentencing notes of Tompkins J in an unrelated case: In your case reference has been made to a suggestion that you should be put in care of Te Whanau O Waipareira Trust, a rehabilitative center. I have looked through the material provided, and I commend those responsible for setting up this trust and for helping in the way that it does. In some ways those sorts of organizations can do what parents have failed to do ... As I mentioned to counsel, I would recommend to the Parole Board or the District Prisons Board, a consideration of the three of you possibly... being placed in the care of Waipareira Trust as a condition of your early release if, whichever board considers it, concludes that that course is appropriate. As we read the restrictive provisions of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 ss30(4) and 13(7) and (10) (but see subs (9) of s13), we are not able in the context of the present case to impose a community-based sentence. Courts have on a number of occasions called attention to the unnecessarily restrictive character of such sentencing provisions. This is another case where greater flexibility in the legislation would have been of assistance. We can however recommend that the District Prisons Board, when considering Mr. Nathan’s situation and conditions attaching to his release, have regard to the offer which the Waipareira Trust has made. Version 1.3
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As we have already indicated, we agree that an additional period of imprisonment had to be imposed for the serious offending in this case. We consider, however, that having regard to the indications of personal development which have become somewhat more apparent during the term of the imprisonment, the proposed programme at the Waipareira Trust and the motivation for the offence, that the condemnation, general deterrence and element of punishment that is required in the present case can be appropriately met by an additional sentence of one year cumulative on the original sentence of 18 months which Mr. Nathan was already serving. That will, of course, have consequences for the timing of his eligibility for consideration for parole. Accordingly, the appeal against sentence is allowed. The sentence of two years 10 months imprisonment is quashed and a sentence of imprisonment of one year, cumulative on the sentence of 18 months, is substituted. Solicitors Crown Law Office, Wellington
DEPARTMENT OF COURTS TE TARI KOOTI The CRIMES ACT 1961 NOTICE TO APPELLANT RESULTS OF APPEAL CA386/97 The Queen v Benjamin Peri NATHAN To the above-named appellant: This is to give you notice that the Court of Appeal has considered the matter of your appeal and has finally determined the same and has this day given judgement to the effect following – namely – Appeal against the sentence is allowed. The sentence of two years 10 months imprisonment I quashed and a sentence of one year, cumulative on the sentence of 18 months is substituted. Dated at Wellington this day the 23rd day of December 1997. Dawn Baggaley REGISTRAR OF THE COURT OF APPEALS
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APPENDIX IV
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Note: The following two documents were specifically and repeatedly cited in the September 1997 trial of Benjamin Peri Nathan, a Māori who was convicted of the March 14, 1997 attack on America’s Cup at Auckland, New Zealand. THE TREATY OF WAITANGI – February 6, 1840 Her Majesty Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with Her Royal Favor the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in consequence of the great number of Her Majesty's Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorized to treat with the Aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of Her Majesty's sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands - Her Majesty therefore being desirous to establish a settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native population and to Her subjects has been graciously pleased to empower and to authorize me William Hobson a Captain in Her Majesty's Royal Navy Consul and Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to Her Majesty to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions. Article the first The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England absolutely and without reservation all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation of Individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess over their respective Territories as the sole sovereigns thereof. Article the second Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs, yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf. Article the third In consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects. [signed] W. Hobson Lieutenant Governor Now therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authority over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof in witness of which we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specified. Done at Waitangi this Sixth day of February in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty. The Chiefs of the Confederation
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Declaration of Independence of New Zealand 1. We, the hereditary chiefs and heads of the tribes of the Northern parts of New Zealand, being assembled at Waitangi, in the Bay of Islands, on this 28th day of October, 1835, declare the Independence of our country, which is hereby constituted and declared to be an Independent State, under the designation of The United Tribes of New Zealand. 2. All sovereign power and authority within the territories of the United Tribes of New Zealand is hereby declared to reside entirely and exclusively in the hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes in their collective capacity, who also declare that they will not permit any legislative authority separate from themselves in their collective capacity to exist, nor any function of government to be exercised within the said territories, unless by persons appointed by them, and acting under the authority of laws regularly enacted by them in Congress assembled. 3. The hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes agree to meet in Congress at Waitangi in the autumn of each year, for the purpose of framing laws for the dispensation of justice, the preservation of peace and good order, and the regulation of trade; and they cordially invite the Southern tribes to lay aside their private animosities and to consult the safety and welfare of our common country, by joining the Confederation of the United Tribes. 4. They also agree to send a copy of this Declaration to His Majesty, the King of England, to thank him for his acknowledgement of their flag; and in return for the friendship and protection they have shown, and are prepared to show, to such of his subjects as have settled in their country, or resorted to its shores for the purposes of trade, they entreat that he will continue to be the parent of their infant State, and that he will become its Protector from all attempts upon its independence. Agreed to unanimously on this 28 day of October, 1835, in the presence of His Britannic Majesty’s Resident. (Here follows the signatures or marks of thirty-five Hereditary chiefs or Heads of tribes, which form a fair representation of the tribes of New Zealand from the North Cape to the latitude of the River Thames.) English witnesses: (Signed) Henry Williams, Missionary, C.M.S. George Clarke, C.M.S. James R. Clendon, Merchant. Gilbert Mair, Merchant. I certify that the above is a correct copy of the Declaration of the Chiefs, according to the translation of Missionaries who have resided ten years and upwards in the country; and it is transmitted to His Most Gracious Majesty the King of England, at the unanimous request of the chiefs. (Signed) JAMES BUSBY, British Resident at New Zealand. 'He Whakaputanga - Declaration of Independence, 1835', URL: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/interactive/the-declaration-ofindependence, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 14-Sep-2021
APPENDIX IV PREPARED REMARKS BY COMMODORE JOHN C. STEVENS October 1, 1851 “Gentlemen – Before commencing my reply to the flattering overwhelming eulogium of the honorable and eloquent chairman, I will claim you indulgence to make a brief statement in writing, to the end that there shall be no misunderstanding, if a question should ever arise as to what I did nor did not say. Have I your consent? In the diplomatic notes of invitation forwarded to me, there was a letter enclosed from the chairman, assuring me that no harm was intended, begging me not to be afraid and pledging himself and the committee, if I should be knotweed over or stunned by the gun they were to fire at me, they would be in readiness to pick me up and put me on my legs again, and to support me until I should recover sufficiently to stand alone. Remembering the awful risk I had run some three months since, on an occasion somewhat similar from an unexpected explosion, the alarming effect of which I barely
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escaped by a lucky dodge, I determined to come to an understanding with the Committee as to what the amount of danger really was. On ascertaining this, I concluded, after mature reflection, to make the following offer, viz: I would agree to stand, (if possible without flinching,) one discharge from the biggest gun they could find, loaded with small shot, and filled to the muzzle with cannisters of tropes and figures, of any sort or size, best adapted to their purpose, provided I might return the fire (if I survived) by a single round shot, billeted with the simple and heartfelt expression of my sincere thanks to you for your friendly attentions and unvarying kindness. It was further stipulated that I was at liberty to replay to any other discharge, however more or less dangerous it might prove, either by making on e of my best bows, which I was to practice for the occasion, or by retreating to the shelter of some friendly rampart, armed with metal as heavy as her own. How the committee have carried out their part of the bargain, you have seen and heard. I owe my acknowledgements to the chairman, which I trust he will accept, for not risking the bursting of his gun, by putting in a heavier load. I also owe a dept of gratitude to the Colonels, Hamilton and Stevens, for the great care they took that I should have nothing my own way, without their full approval and assent. I wanted, at first, to play commodore a la Uncle Sam. They would not listen to it: but insisted, as free and independent democrats, that the majority should rule. This conduct I considered mutinous, but as flogging was done away by law, and they had contrived to get the captain and crew on their side, I thought it best to wink at it, and let them cut and carve and alter and amend – consoling myself with the old adage “that discretion was the better part of valor;” and with the reflection that, if anything went wrong in the conduct of this business, I might attribute it to the iron will of this stony-hearted majority. You may, perhaps, have observed that my hair is somewhat greyer than it was when I last met you. I’ll tell you how it happened – but I am trespassing on your good nature. In coming from Havre, we were obliged by the darkness of the night and a thick fog, to anchor some five or six miles from owes. In the morning, early, the tide was against us, and it was a dead calm. At nine o’clock a gentle breeze sprang up, and with it came gliding down the Laverock, one of the newest and fastest cutters of her class. The news spread like lightning, that the Yankee clipper had arrived, and that the Laverock had gone down to show her the way up. The yachts and vessels in the harbor, the wharves, and windows of all the hosed bordering on them, were filled with the thousands of spectators, watching with eager eyes, the eventual trial they saw we could not escape; for the Laverock stuck to us, sometimes laying too, and sometimes tacking around us, evidently showing she had no intension of quilting us. We were loaded with extra sails, with beef and port and bread enough for an East India voyage, and were some four or five inches too deep in the water. We got up our sails with heavy hearts – the wind had increased to a five or six know breeze, and after waiting until we were ashamed to wait longer, we let her get about two-hundred yards ahead, then started in her wake. I have seen and been engaged in many exciting trials at sea and on shore. I made the match with Eclipse against Sir Henry, and had heavy sums, both for myself any my friends, depending on the result. I saw Eclipse lose the first heat and four-fifths of the second, without feeling one-hundredth part of the responsibility, and dread I felt at the thought of being beaten by the Laverock in this eventful trial. During the first five minutes not a sound was heard, same, perhaps ,the beating of our anxious hearts, or the slight ripple of the water upon her sword-like stem. The captain was crouched down upon the floor of the cockpit, is seemingly unconscious hand upon the tiller, with his stern, unaltering gaze upon the vessel ahead. The men were motionless as statues, with their eager eyes fastened upon the Laverock with a fixedness and intensity that seemed almost unnatural. The pencil of an artist might, perhaps, convey the expression, but no words can describe it. It could not, did not, last long. We worked quickly and surely to windward of her wake. The crisis was past, and some dozen of deep-drawn sighs proved the agony was over. We came to anchor a quarter, or, perhaps, a third of a mile ahead, and twenty minutes after our anchor was down, the Earl of Wilton and his family were on board to welcome and introduce us to his friends. To himself and family, to the Marquis of Angleses and his son, Lord Alfred Paget; to Sir Bellingham Graham, and a host of other noblemen and gentlemen were we indebted for a reception as hospitable, and frank as ever was given to prince or peasant. From the Queen herself, we received a mark of attention rarely accorded even to the highest among her own subjects; and I was given to understand that it was not only intended as a courtesy extended to myself and friends, but also as proof of the estimation in which she held our country; thereby giving a significance to the compliment infinitely more acceptable and valuable. One may the bonds of kindred affection and interest, that bind us together at present, remain unbroken! As a further proof of the feeling of the Government and the people towards us, I will mention the following act of kindness. We had the misfortune, the day before the race with the Titania, to knock off a part of your outer shoe. This rendered it necessary that we should haul her out, and we repaired to the government dock, at Portsmouth, for the purpose. On the instant the applicant was made, an order was issued by the Admiral to remain her in the shortest time possible. If you could have witnessed the vigor and good will exhibited, form the Admiral down to the humblest mechanic in the yard, to complete her for the nest day’s race, you would, I am sure, have felt the obligation (rendered so doubly binding by the manner in which it was tendered,) as deeply and sincerely as ourselves, and any cause of quarrel should arise to separate two nations that want to be better acquainted with each other’s good qualities, to become and to remain fast friends. She was docked at 12 and finished by 8 o’clock the same evening. For this important service no remuneration , in any shape or way, would be listened to, the Admiral, in expressing the pleasure it gave him to due us a
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service, endeavoring to prevail upon us to believe the obligation to be altogether upon his side. I trust, with confidence , the if occasion should occur, this delicacy and feeling will be as promptly and as delicately reciprocated. In the race with Titania, I suspect – although I do not know the fact – that too much of his ballast was taken out. It gave her an advantage in going before the wind, but told very much against her in returning. There was a steady breeze and a good sea running, and she fell so rapidly to leeward as to be hull down, and some forth-eight or fifty minutes in returning, on a wind. In the race for the Queen’s cup, there were, I think, seventeen entries, most of which I believe started. In addition to them, there were seventy or eighty, or perhaps, one hundred, under weigh, in and about the harbor; and such another sight no other country, save England, can furnish. Our directions from the sailing committee were simple and direct; we were to start from the flag ship at owes, keep the No Man’s buoy on the starboard hand, and from thence make the best of our way round the island to the flag ship from which we started. We got off before the wind, and in the midst of a crowd that we could not get rid of for the first eight or nine miles; a fresh breeze then sprang up that soon cleared us from our hangers on, and sent us rapidly ahead of every yacht in the squadron. At the Needles there was not a yacht that started with us in sight, so that the answer said to have been given to a question from a high personage, of who was first? The America. Who is second? There is no second – was literally true. After passing the Needles, we were overtaken by the Royal steam-yacht Victoria and Albert, with her Majesty and her family on board, who had come down to witness the trial of speed between the models adopted by the old world and those of the new. As the steamer slowly passed us, we had the gratification of tendering our homage to the Queen, after the fashion of her own people, by taking off our hats and dipping our flags. At this time the wind had fallen to a light breeze, and we did not arrive at the flagship until dark. I could not learn correctly at what time, or in what order the others arrived. The cup before you is the trophy of that day’s victory. I promised, half jest and half earnest, when I parted with you, to bring it home to you. The performance is another exemplification of the truth of an old saw, “that what is oftentimes said in jest is sometimes done in earnest.” I am requested, by the gentlemen owning this cup, to beg your acceptation of it as a testimony of their gratitude for the interest you have so keenly felt, and son often and kindly expressed in our welfare and success. I have but to regret that the late hour at which I made up my mind to attempt a reply, has put it out of my power to make it what it ought to be, (and , perhaps, but for that, what it might be,) more worthy of your acceptance. With your permission I will propose, as a toast, “The health of the Earl of Wilton.”
***
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BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
_____, 34 San Francisco 2013 Official Louis Vuitton Oracle Racing Program, San Francisco, Solstice Press, 2013 _____. 35th America's Cup Official Programme Bermuda May-June 2017, ____,Programme Master, 2017 Aquidneck Publishing, AC Program Newport, _____, Aquidneck Publishing, 1958 Barker III, B. Dev, Gretel II Disqualified: The Untold Inside Story of a Famous Americas Cup Incl…, N. Charleston NC, Create Space, 2013 Beard, H./ McKie, R., Sailing: A Sailor's Dictionary, ____,___________,1981 Boyd, Jeff, Trials Canada 1 and the 1983 America's Cup, Toronto Canada, MacMillian of Canada, 1983 Carrick, Robert W., The Pictorial History of The America's Cup Races, London, W.H. Allen, 1964 Carrick, Robert W., Defending the America's Cup - as told by the men who did it, New York, Knopf, 1969 Center, Bill, America's Cup '95 - The Official Record, Del Mar CA, Tehari Books, 1995 Chavalier, Franco, The Louis Vuitton Cup - 25 Years of Yacht Racing in pursuit of The America's Cup, New York, Abrams, 2008 City of Boston, A Testimonial to Paine and Burgess, Boston, Rockwell & Chirchill, 1887 Conner, Dennis & Levitt, Michael, Comeback: My Race for the America's Cup, New York, St. Martins Press, 1987 Conner, Dennis, Americas Cup XXVII, the Official Record 1988, San Diego, DC Sports, 1988 Conner, Dennis, The Art of Winning: Dennis Conner, New York, St. Martins Press, 1988 Conner, Dennis, Stars & Stripes - America's Cup Cookbook, San Diego, DC Sports, 1995 Corrao, Lynda, The Deed of Greed, _____,White Horse Flying, 2012 Coutts, Russell, Challenge 2000: The Race to Win the Americas Cup, Alexandria VA, Time Life, 2000 D'Antonio, Michael, A Full Cup - Sir Thomas Lipton's Extraordinary Life and his Quest for the America's Cup, New York, Riverbend Books, 2010 Dennis Conner & Michael Levitt, The America's Cup: The History of Sailing's Greatest Competition in the Twentieth Century, New York, St. Martins Press, 1998 Du nlap, G. D., Americas Cup Defenders by G.D. Dunlap Illus. 21 SHIP PAINTINGS, New York, American Heritage Press, 1970 Fischer, B., Sailing on the Edge: America's Cup + supplement, New York,_________________, 2013 Fisher, Bob, Ross, Bob, The America's Cup 1987, the Official Record, New York, Henry Holt, 1987 Gabrielson, Mark J., Deer Isle's Undefeated America's Cup Crews, Charleston SC, History Press, 2013 Grube/Richter, The Big Book of Sailing, New York, Barron's, 1979 Hammond, Gregory, Showdown at Newport: The Race for the Americas Cup, New York, Walden, 1974 Hanks Jr., Douglas, Muskrat - A Surprise Bid for the America's Cup, Easton MD, Muskrat, 1987 Herreshoff, Yachts by Herreshoff - Bristol RI,____________,___________.1997 Hoyt, Norris D. , The Twelve Meter Challenges for the Americas Cup, New York, Dutton, 1977 Illingworth, Capt. John H. , Twenty Challenges for the America's Cup, London, Hollis & Carter, 1968 Isler, J. J., Sailing for Dummies, New York, Wiley Publishing, 1997 Jaffee, Walter W. , Americas Cup From the Fifty-yard Line, El Cirreto CA, Glen Cannon, 2015 Jobson, Gary , An Americas Cup Treasury: The Lost Levick Photographs, Newport News VA, Mariners Museum, 2000 Johansen, Jon B., America's Cup Trivia, Brewer ME, CayBel Publishing, 1986 Jones, Theodore A. , Racing for the America's Cup 1974 - The view from the Candy Store, New York, Quadrangle, 1975 Version 1.3
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Knight, G. Bruce, Comeback - How Larry Ellison's Team Won the Americas Cup, Middletown DE, Oracle Team USA, 2016 Larson, Paul / Coutts, Russell, America's Cup 2000 - including the Louis Vuitton Cup, Auckland, Hodder, 2000
Lawson, Thomas W. Thompson, Winfield M. , The America's Cup - International Race 1899, New York, Florence Publishing, 1899 Lawson, Thomas W. Thompson, Winfield M., The Lawson History of the Americas Cup: A record of the 50 years, Southhampton, Ashford Press, 1986 Lester, Gary; Sleeman, Richard, America's Cup 1851- 1987 Sailing for Supremacy, Sydney Au, Lester-Townsend Publishing, 1986 Levitt, Michael, America's Cup 1851-1992, Portland OR, Graphic Arts Center, 1992 Livngston/Vaughn, Americas Cup - San Francisco - Official Guide 34th AC, _____,_____, 2013 Maloney, E., Chapman Piloting, New York, Hearst Marine, 1989 NYYC Committee, America's Cup Race 1964 - Racing Instructions, New York, NYYC, 1964 NYYC, 1983 America's Cup Yacht Racing Program, New York, NYYC, 1983 NYYC, America's Cup 1980 - Official Program, New York, Intercom, 1980 NYYC, America's Cup 1983 The Official Program Book, New York, John S. Fullerton, 1983 Oliver, Jr., E. Wesley , The America's Cup 1987, the Official Handbook, _______,Rolex, 1987 Oliver, Jr., E. Wesley, The America's Cup 1977, the Official Handbook, _______,Rolex, 1977 Oliver, Jr., E. Wesley, The America's Cup 1974, New York, Palmer & Oliver, 1974 Pastore, Christopher, Temple to the Wind. The story of America's Greatest Naval Architect and His Masterpiece, Reliance, Guilford CT, Lyon Press, 2005 Riggs, Doug, Keelhauled - History of Unsportsmanlike Conduct and the America's Cup, Newport RI, Seven Seas, 1986 Rousmaniere, John, America’s Cup, 1851-1983, Italy, Norton, 1983 Rousmaniere, John, America's Cup Book 1851-1987, Milano Italy, Norton, 1983 Royal Perth YC, America’s Cup 1987 Official Programme book - Royal Perth Yacht Club, ______, _______, 1987 RPYC, America’s Cup 1987, W. Perth Australia, Aurum Press, 1987 Sefton, Alan, The Cup Down Under, Stamford CT, Longmeadow Press, 1987 Sefton, Alan, The Inside Story of KZ-7: New Zealand's First America's Cup Challenge Fremantle, Auckland, Hodder & Stoughton, 1986 SFYC, The Ship Models of the Saint St. Francis Yacht Club / FOLIO HB COLOR PLATES, San Francisco, Blurb, 2014 Sherwood, R., Sailboats; A Field Guide to, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1994 Simpson, Richard V. , Herreshoff Yachts - Seven Generations of Industrialists, Inventors and Ingenuity in Bristol, Charleston SC, History Press, 2007 Simpson, Richard V. , The America's Cup Yachts - The Rhode Island Connection, Charleston SC, Arcadia, 1999 Smith, Patrick, Nippon Challenge - Japan's Pursuit of the Americas Cup, New York, Doubleday, 1992 Spittle, Jimmy, Chasing the Cup - My America's Cup Journey, New York, Adler Coles Nautical, 2107 Stannard, Bruce, Stars & Stripes - the Official Record, Paris , DC Sports, 1992 Stephens, Olin, The America's Cup 1851 to the Present, _____,_____, 1990 Steward, S. & A. , Top Yacht Race of the World, Chicago, Contemporary Bks, 2001 Stone, Herbert L., The Americas Cup Races, _________,__________, 1914 Swintal, D., Tsuchiya, Steven R. and Kamins, R. , Winging It: Oracle Team USA's Incredible Comeback, New York, McGraw Hill, McGraw Hill, 2014
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Vavier, Bob, America's Cup Fever - An Inside Look at 50 Years of America's Cup Competition, _______, Sagwan Press, 1980 Whall, Hugh, Defending the America's Cup - as told by the men who did it, ___________,________,1974 Whall, Hugh, Southern Cross. Australia's 1974 challenge for he America's Cup, Annapolis MD, Admiralty Publishing, 1974 Whiting, John R., On Deck: The Art of Modern Seamanship, New York, Hearst Marine, 1985 Whiting, Penny, 32nd America's Cup - A Simple Guide, Auckland, Wiley, 2007 Yachting Magazine, AC Program, _____________,___________,1995 Yachting Magazine, Americas Cup '92 Official Program, ____,____, 1992 Yachting Magazine, Greatest Race Official Program to the Whitbread RTW Race, __________,__________,1995 Yachting Magazine, Official Program: America's Cup '92, New York, Times Mirror, 1992 New York Public Library Steel, Henry Milford, The Defender = Record of International Yacht Races for the America's Cup , New York, Fred. T. Alder, 1895 (PDF)
For Bibliography and References, please see America’s Cup Compendium Master Bibliography listing located in Compendium Book 1 - The Guide. Library of Congress’ listings for PUCK Magazine artwork in their collection, PUCK Magazine Fig. 1 September 4, 1895 THAT COVETED CUP Caption: “Uncle Sam. – Wa-al, old feller, you’ve got another chance to look at it, anyhow, even if you can’t win it!” •
Print shows Uncle Sam sitting back in a chair on the beach next to America's Cup festooned with laurel branches and the names of American yachts and the year they won the Cup, "America 1851, Magic 1870, Columbia 1871, Sappho 1874, Madeleine 1876, Mischief 1881, Puritan 1885, Mayflower 1886, Volunte[er] 1887, [and] Vigilant 1893"; there is a telescope on the ground beside him. A British sailor, wearing a hat with ribbon labeled "Valkyrie III", is standing before Uncle Sam, looking at the Cup. [Ehrhart, S. D. (Samuel D.), approximately 1862-1937, artist]
Fig. 2 April 29, 1903 WELL GUARDED Caption: none •
Illustration shows a bulldog wearing black tie and formal naval dress sitting on the shore with the America's Cup behind him; a yacht labeled "Shamrock III" sails just offshore. [Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956, artist]
Fig. 3 August 26, 1902 BETWEEN FRIENDS Caption: The American Sportsman If we can not keep both, we would rather lose the cup than lose you, Sir Thomas. •
Illustration shows an American yachtsman shaking hands with Sir Thomas Lipton, with the America's Cup between them. [Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956, artist]
Fig. 4 August 5, 1903 A SPECIALIST’S OPINION Caption: Dr. Lipton Your Condition, of course, is not alarming; but a trip abroad would do you a world of good. •
Illustration shows Thomas Lipton checking the pulse of a animated feminine America's Cup. [Ehrhart, S. D. (Samuel D.), approximately 1862-1937, artist]
Fig. 5 October 25, 1893 NOT UP TO THE MARK YET Caption: none Version 1.3
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Print shows Uncle Sam shaking hands with John Bull who is holding a yacht labeled "Valkyrie"; between them is the America's Cup on a pedestal labeled with the names of American yachts and the year they won the Cup, "America 1851, Magic 1870, Columbia 1871, Sappho 1871 [i.e.,1874], Madeleine 1876, Mischief 1881, Puritan 1885, Mayflower 1886, [and] Volu[nteer] 1887". A ribbon labeled "Vigilant 1893" is tied to the Cup. In the background is a building with a banner that states "Finishing School for Incomplete Yachtsmen" [Keppler, Joseph Ferdinand, 1838-1894, artist]
Fig 6. November 14, 1900 READY! Caption: The Champion You'll always find the chip there, my boy! •
Illustration shows Uncle Sam standing with a chip on his shoulder labeled "Championship" and clutching to his chest the "America's Cup"; a small yacht is at his feet, in the foreground, with a list of the years the United States has won the Cup. Sir Thomas Lipton is standing behind Uncle Sam, on a slip of land labeled "England"; he is trying to knock the chip of Uncle Sam's shoulder with a long staff labeled "Challenge." [Dalrymple, Louis, 1866-1905, artist]
Fig. 7 October 9, 1895 MERELY WANTS TO KNOW Caption: Uncle Sam Say, John, is there any game you can beat me at? - If there is, trot it out! •
Print shows Uncle Sam with a feather in his hat labeled "Victory", holding America's Cup labeled "Yachting Champion", a cricket bat labeled "Cricket Champion", and a medal labeled "Athletic Champion", and with other awards labeled "Chess Champion, Bicycle Champion, [and] Boxing Champion" pinned to his coat, and a paper extending from his pocket labeled "Fastest R.R. Time", standing on a beach next to a dejected John Bull who is holding a doll labeled "Dunraven", a reference to the 4th Earl of Dunraven, Windham Thomas Windham-Quin, a co-owner of the Valkyrie II and Valkyrie III yachts that competed for the America's Cup. [Opper, Frederick Burr, 1857-1937, artist]
Fig. 8 September 25, 1901 MISERY LOVES COMPANY Caption: none •
Illustration shows Thomas W. Lawson with his America's Cup entry "Independence" and Nathanael G. Herreshoff with his America's Cup entry "Constitution" consoling each other after their yachts were denied entry in the America's Cup challenge in 1901. [Pughe, J. S. (John S.), 1870-1909, artist]
Acknowledgements Danielle Carter Library and Archives Manager New Zealand Maritime Museum, Auckland NZ Norbert Bajurin, former Commodore GGYC
A link to a cringeworthy and factually-tainted “America’s Cup 1970 Duel in the Wind” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBqNoMgoqrQ is included herein. Factually incorrect also is https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6bnqTSWoxMg
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Correspondence Letters from Garrard & Co.
The letters and other documents that follow represent information on America’s Cup that had been requested by Mr. Phil Crowther of the management at Garrard & Company in London. Mr. Crowther (1931-2002) was an avid scrapbooker and amateur archivist who amassed over 70,000 pages of news clippings on America’s Cup racing since 1930, as well as other races such as BOC around the world regattas. Phil was an unstoppable letter writer, unabashedly contacting thousands of people with (sometimes withering) questions and request for collectable data. Phil was a big part of the library and research center at the Museum of Yachting in Newport, Rhode Island. Phil’s huge collection of research materials was obtained by the International Yacht Restoration School’s (IYRS) Edward W. Kane and James Gubelmann IYRS Marine Library. Phil’s original 145-volume set of clippings from 1930 to 2021 were purchased by Ed Koch and are now housed at his Maritime Museum in Florida. The original carbon-copies of Phil’s letters are indexed at the IYRS Library. Needless to say, the works of Phil Crowther were an incredible benefit to the level of detail presented in this work. A large regret is that I never was able to meet Phil – we would have gotten along well.
The annotations on the following pages highlight some of the important information gleaned from Garrard for this work.
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Now Available on ISSUU and elsewhere.
Mark Robinson Holland
An Exci�ng Documentary by Author Mark Robinson Holland
Attack On the
Cup
Attack on the Cup: The Story of the Conspiracy to Destroy the world’s Oldest International Sporting Prize – America’s Cup – and the efforts to save it. In March 1997, a New Zealand Tribesman who was frustrated with perceived aspects of the upcoming 2001 America’s Cup competition viciously attacked the priceless 150-year-old trophy with a sledgehammer. Attack on the Cup is the most comprehensive look at the attack, the arrest and trial, the sentencing and the reaction to the assault. Includes never-before published police photos and trial testimony. The book also covers the restoration of the Cup in London by Garrard and the aftermath. A must-read for all America’s Cup fans.
Mark Robinson Holland is an America’s Cup historian and researcher. A�er re�ring as a successful Architect Emeritus, he began the mul�-year research project that culminated in the publica�on of America’s Cup Compendium: a record of every yacht, yachtsman, owner, designer, builder and yacht club, in addi�on to logs of every America’s Cup final race regata and each observa�on, qualifying, trial and elimina�on race that led up to the finals during each “Cup” year. Research for Compendium has taken Mark thousands of research hours since beginning in March 2020, and visits to countless Marine Libraries in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Europe. Mark is married and lives in Methuen, Massachusets USA. AMERICASCUPCOMPENDIUM.COM
Available in hardcover in Mid-2024 at booksellers everywhere. THE SILVER that launched a Thousand ships. The history of the America’s Cup Trophy Companion Book by Contributing Authors Jack Griffin and Karolina Stefanski, PH.D. Jack Griffin is an America's Cup historian and modern chronicler. He serves on the Selection Committee of the America's Cup Hall of Fame and is the International Liaison for the Herreshoff Marine Museum, home of the America's Cup Hall of Fame. Griffin's book Turning the Tide - How Oracle Team USA Defended the America's Cup tells the definitive story of the 2013 America's Cup competition in San Francisco. He writes a monthly column on the America's Cup for Seahorse Magazine and is the editor of a well-respected website CupExperience.com. Based in Switzerland, Griffin holds a degree in electrical engineering from Princeton University and is fluent in English, French and German. Karolina Stefanski, Ph.D. Dr. Stefanski is a leading art historian. Dr. Stefanski is the Yachting and Silver Ambassador for Robbe & Berking, one of the world’s leading silversmiths. She holds a master’s from the Institut national d’histoire de l’art (INHA, Paris-Sorbonne) and a Ph.D. from the Technical University of Berlin. She is fluent in German, English, French and Polish.
AMERICA’S CUP COMPENDIUM Including Herbert C. Pell, Citizen’s, Louis Vuitton and Prada Cups
The Historical Record of the Races to America’s Cup, contained in 15 Books: Book 1 – The Guide Includes Introductions, a Master Table of Contents for the entire Compendium series, Acknowledgements, Bibliography, Credits, information and suggestions regarding best interactive use of New York Times Machine, YouTube and WWW links, and Appendices.
Book 2 - The Cups In-depth details and history of the well-known America’s Cup and trophies including the Louis Vuitton and the Prada Cups, plus full information on the Herbert C. Pell Cup, the Sir Thomas Lipton Memorial Trophies, the America’s Cup Match Trophy, the President’s Award, the Knickerbocker Yacht Club Centennial Trophy, the NYYC Club Cup and many others. This section also includes detailed history of the cups, their travels, their bespoke designer luggage, and of the attack and restoration of the Cup in 1997.
Book 3 - The Deeds
This section covers the Original Deed of Gift, the 2nd and 3rd Amended Deeds, and the current version. Included are the NY State Supreme Courtapproved amendments and official documents for 14 court cases, all of the interpretive Resolutions, Protocol Decisions, and the Assignment and Acceptance documents for the Cup.
Book 4 - The Rules - Volume 1 This section covers the Racing Conditions, Sailing Instructions and Protocols for Preliminary, Trial, Qualifying, Elimination Races and for each America’s Cup Final Match Races from the Royal Yacht Squadron race around the Isle of Wight at Cowes to the 2013 34th Defense at San Francisco.
Book 5 - The Rules - Volume 2 Part 2 continues with the Rules 2017 to present. Additionally, the yacht “rating rules,” Class rules and technical regulations and various governmental America’s Cup Acts.
Book 6 - The Yachts Detailed side-by-side tables of competing yachts, by Race Series, showing final yacht matchups in the Races for America’s Cup and all other contending yachts that year, providing the dimensions, crews, ownership, and other relevant data on each boat – whether they won, lost or never reached the start line.
Book 7 - The Races All of The Races from the initial 1851 RYS race around the Isle of Wight, each preliminary, trial, elimination and final races for America’s Cup are presented in detailed tables. Where there was a news article from the New York Times, an internet article or a YouTube video of the race, they are presented with a hyperlink.
Book 8 - The Venues Includes the Course Layouts for the races.
Book 9 - The Atlas Full-color maps of the racing locations. [Coming mid-2024]
Book 10 - The Yacht Clubs Presents a directory for each Yacht Club that sponsored a competitor for the Cup since 1851.
Book 11 - The Crews Includes an alphabetical, comprehensive list of sailors, shore crews, sailmakers and boatsmen since 1851.
Book 12 - The Owners Includes a tabulation of Yacht Owners and their financial syndicate members, and (in later years) Sponsors
Book 13 - The Officials Directory of Race Committee Members, International Jurors, and Official Measurers
Book 14 - The Designers A listing of the principal yacht, rigging and sail designers of each America’s Cup yacht from 1851-2024.
Book 15 - The Builders Identifies and historically-backgrounds the shipwrights of the America’s Cup.
MARK ROBINSON HOLLAND with Jack Griffin