ART - 2013 in review

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

ART

Articulation of Territorial Networks for Sustainable Human Development

2013 IN REVIEW

ART ANNUAL REPORT 2013

Copyright Š 2014 by the United Nations Development Programme

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission fromUNDP. The designations of geographic entities in this book, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Photo credits (by author and pages) Adam Rogers: 14, 27; Ulrike Meissner: 18, 19, 48; UNDP Albania : 21, 38; UNDP Brazil: front page, 23, 35; UN Bolivia: front page, 12, 13, 42, 51; UNDP Bolivia: 21, 30, 31; UNDP Brussels: 26; UN Cuba: 39; UNDP Colombia: 33; UNDP Dominican Republic: 27, 36; UNDP Ecuador: 17, 23, 29, 33; UN El Salvador: 22, 24, 25, 26; UNDP Gabon: 32; UNDP Lebanon: 27, 31, 39; UNDP Mauritania: 32; UNDP Morocco: 16, 26; UNDP New York: 15, 21; UNDP Uruguay: front page, 41.

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Empowered lives.

Resilient nations.

ART

Articulation of Territorial Networks for Sustainable Human Development

2013 IN REVIEW

ACRONYMS

ADF AMF

Association des Régions de France (French Regions Association)

ART

Articulation of Territorial Networks for Sustainable Human Development

AULEDA ADELDOM BDP BERA CO CUF DC

Network of Local Economic Development Agencies in the Dominican Republic Bureau for Development Policy Bureau for External Relations and Advocacy Country Office Cités Unies (United Cities -France) Decentralized Cooperation United Nations Development Cooperation Forum

DAECT

French Delegation for the Exterior Action of Local Authorities

EURADA FP FRIDEL

European Commission European Association of Development Agencies Framework Programme Rotational Fund for LED activities (Cuba)

FAMSI

Andalusian Fund of Municipalities for International Solidarity (Spain)

FOGAR

Forum of Regional Governments and Global Associations of Regions

FELCOS Umbria

GWS HLF-4 IP

Fund of Local Authorities for Decentralized Cooperationand Sustainable Human Development (Italy) Global Water Solidarity Fourth High Level Forum (Busan) Innovative Partnership

ICG

International Cooperation Guidelines

ICT

Information and Communication Technologies

I-STEPS

UNDP ART Innovation in Sustainable Territorial Partnerships

LED

ART - 2013 in Review

Local Economic Development Agency in Vlora (Albania)

DCF

EC

4

Assemblée des Départments de France (French Departments’ Assembly)

Local Economic Development

LEDA

Local Economic Development Agency

LGLD

Local Governance and Local Development

LRG

Local and Regional Government

MD

Maison de Développement (development house)

MDG

Millennium Development Goal

NCC

National Coordination Committee

NGO

Non Governmental Association

OWP

Open Working Group

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

PHDL

Local Human Development Programme (Cuba)

RADEL SP

Network of Local Economic Development Agencies in Uruguay Strategic Plan

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal

SHD

Sustainable Human Development

SSC

South-South Cooperation

SETECI

Technical Secretariat for International Cooperation in Ecuador

SEBRAE

Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service

TWG TEULEDA

Territorial Working Group Local Economic Development Agency in Shkodra (Albania)

URA

Basque Association for Water (Spain)

UCLG

United Cities and Local Governments

UN DESA

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

INDEX Forewords

7

The ART Global Initiative

12

ART’s contribution to International Development Processes

14

ART’s Strategic Focus in 2013

18

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and UNDP Promoting

20

1. Innovative Partnership Articulating Basque actors in a multilateral framework I Steps El Salvador / The Dominican Republic ChampagneArdenne (France) / Région de l’Oriental (Morocco) Lebanon Health Management FELCOS: CooBEEration for beekeeping, biodiversity and food security in the Mediterranean

22 24

25 26

26

27 27

The Territorial Development Platform in Ecuador

33

Global Water Solidarity and ART: building synergies for water

28

2. Local Governance

30

The II World Forum on Local Economic Development

34

31

3. Local Economic

36

Local Development (LGLD) Bolivia: Sectorial Coordination Councils for Productive Development Lebanon: using UNDP’s ART development framework to channel humanitarian aid Mauritania: applying a gender approach to participatory planning Gabon: mainstreaming participatory local development planning Articulation with the Small Grants Programme in Nicaragua Colombia/Nariño’s experience: advancing SHD and peacebuilding from a territorial perspective

31

32

32

32

Development(LED) Albania: Promoting LED since 2003 Nicaragua: promoting public private partnerships at the territorial level Cuba: pioneering credit schemes for local economic development

38 38

39

Ten years of Promoting Local Economic Development: Spotlight on Latin America

40

ART framework programmes worlwide

43

ART in Numbers

49

Looking on: 2014, the way forward

50

Additional information

52

33

ART - 2013 in Review

5

6

ART - 2013 in Review

FOREWORDS UNDP BERA/BPPS

Since its launch in 2004, the ART Initiative (Articulation of Territorial Networks for Sustainable Human Development) has implemented projects in more than 20 countries. These programmes focus on Local Governance and Local Development. They integrate economic, social and environmental development by fostering publicprivate partnerships, shaping public policies, promoting Local Economic Development (LED), and strengthening local institutions (e.g. Local Economic Development Agencies).

This work has generated important results, including a solid knowledge base, networks of local governments and cooperation actors and greater trust between stakeholders in local development, at regional, national and international levels.

Local and regional governments now play a far greater role in influencing global development agendas, as seen in current negotiations on post2015 Sustainable Development Goals. UNDP is contributing substantively to these discussions and, through projects like ART, playing a central role in channeling the voices of local actors into international debate on the future we want. For example, at the second World Forum on Local Economic Development in Brazil at the end of 2013, UNDP enabled over 4,000 government, private sector and civil society representatives to bring their experiences into the international policy dialogue, so acting as a knowledge broker and bridge between the territories and the international policy debate.

Through projects such as ART, UNDP has become a partner with many local and international actors, and developed innovative ideas on

local governance and development. ART has a record of fostering innovative partnerships and pioneering decentralized cooperation for greater development effectiveness at local level.

The role of decentralized cooperation and local actors has become even more prominent in the current international context, with a rethinking of development cooperation to meet challenges of the future, in line with the paradigm shift endorsed at the High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan in 2012.

In line with UNDP’s Strategic Plan, and its emphasis on South-South and Triangular Cooperation, UNDP will continue to promote the concept of decentralized cooperation, as a means to enhance development effectiveness at local level.

Michael O’Neill

Assistant Secretary-General & Assistant Administrator Director Bureau of External Relations and Advocacy United Nations Development Programme

Magdy Martinez-Soliman

Deputy Assistant Administrator Director a.i. & Bureau for Policy and Programme Support United Nations Development Programme

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In 2013, UNDP finalized its Strategic Plan for 2014–2017, paying particular attention to the increasing role of local and regional governments as promoters of SHD. In the last few years the European Union has also made strides in developing an integrated strategy to work with Local Authorities and their associations through a territorial approach to development.

Indeed, the instrumental role of local authorities has been increasingly recognized at the global level, particularly in the framework of ongoing international debates on the future development architecture.

In this context, UNDP’s ART Initiative is an instrument that seeks to leverage the potential of the evolving cooperation paradigm. Founded on the premise of the strategic role of local authorities and decentralized cooperation actors in supporting local governance and local development processes, in 2013 the Initiative once more demonstrated its relevance and impact in the arena of local development. This is because UNDP’s ART Initiative empowers local and regional authorities and facilitates the participation of a wide range of stakeholders, ranging from citizens to the private sector, in local governance and development processes.

The welcome arrival of UNDP’s ART Initiative in Brussels is pertinent and timely. We look forward to fulfilling the potential of collaboration in this particular area by partnering with the EU and other actors present in Brussels and engaged in supporting local governance and local development in partner countries.

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ART - 2013 in Review

Antonio Vigilante

Director, UN/UNDP Representation Office in Brussels

Today, nearly 5,000 French local authorities are conducting international development cooperation projects in 147 countries. This is a staggering figure that clearly reflects the potential of French DC and hints at the real difference its actions can make on the ground.

As a result of the commendable involvement and commitment of French local authorities in development cooperation, the new guidelines of DC require a multilateral and cross-cutting approach to development strategies. Indeed, the relationship between the local, national and international dimensions has become strategic in promoting democratic decentralization and good governance. Therefore, it is important to foster mutually enriching linkages between them through a multilevel, interdisciplinary and multi-actor approach such as the UNDP ART Initiative.

In this context, the partnership between UNDP and the French Delegation for the Exterior Action of Local Authorities (DAECT), consolidated in 2013, provides both sides with an exceptional opportunity to promote ties and cooperation between many French local authorities, including their networks and associations, and foreign LRGs, namely through the ART Initiative’s articulation framework. The collaboration between UNDP and all stakeholders of French DC paves the way for exchanging and discussing the new challenges and necessary evolution of development cooperation, and for contributing, both in practice and theory, to the post-2015 development agenda.

The partnership between UNDP and the DAECT represents an important step to increase coordination and harmonization among the international development community, and to strengthen the coherence and effectiveness of development cooperation. This alliance will reinforce the French diplomatic efforts in further acknowledging and boosting the key role of local and regional authorities in pushing forward locally-owned, sustainable and inclusive development strategies.

Jean Michel Despax

Head of the French Delegation for the External Action of Local and Regional Authorities

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The current development framework and the nature of the challenges facing SHD atthe global level require building a “renewed global partnership”. In this context, DC represents an important opportunity to ensure a territorial dimension to development, and to set up alliances and horizontal partnerships among different territories and within them, while articulating between the local, national and international levels.

In recent years, DC has been increasingly identified with “Territorial Cooperation”, which, based on the strategic role of local governments, aims at involving local stakeholders and appraising the territory’s social, economic and cultural systems, which are rich in experiences and innovations. This cooperation model requires the promotion of a new social contract among local authorities, public and private actors, civil society organizations and all other local actors, based on a shared idea of territorial responsibility towards a SHD. FELCOS Umbria, as an Italian territorial network of the region’s local authorities dedicated to the promotion of SHD through DC, believes that in order to improve the impact of territorial cooperation and make it more effective, it is necessary to establish new tools and organizational modalities that allow the territories to maximize their potential and resources; but it is also important to articulate locallevel actions with national and international policies and strategies. In fact, territorial cooperation becomes more effective in contributing to the fight against poverty and to SHD efforts when it is based on a well-organized territorial network and when it is articulated with regional, national and multilateral

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initiatives and policies —such as UNDP’s ART Initiative. Indeed, the UNDP ART Initiative, which FELCOS Umbria has been collaborating with for several years, represents a unique reference framework for the territories, governments and all actors interested in harmonizing their actions in support of partner countries’ local and national strategies of territorial development. The Initiative, which builds horizontal alliances between actors and territories and promotes complementariness between the local, regional and national levels in a multilateral framework, is an innovative reference that opens up new perspectives for international cooperation.

Massimo Porzi

Director, FELCOS Umbria

This report presents the results of the UNDP ART Initiative in 2013, many of which are the culmination of long-term processes, often set in motion in the countries throughout the last decade. Results of the scaling up processes at the national and global levels, as well as the body of practice generated in the countries, are also highlighted. The Initiative has continued consolidating its role as an innovative articulation framework between actors and across levels, and as an entry point for hundreds of decentralized cooperation partners into the multilateral realm.

This year, one of the core elements of the ART Initiative —both in the countries and at the global level— has been to contribute to UNDP’s corporate efforts in developing an integrated strategy to improve LGLD processes and programmes by promoting innovative partnerships that increase and enrich these processes. To do so, the Initiative has taken steps to determine the most efficient mechanisms that strengthen the role of LRGs in development. The Initiative’s tested and trusted articulation framework, which facilitates a crosscutting approach between different partners and initiatives, its overarching territorial approach and its network of decentralized partners have all been put at the service of the countries and of development partners. In line with its track record of collaboration with the sub-national level, ART has continued working closely with LRGs and civil society, upholding the widely shared stance that only strong, capable and empowered local institutions and stakeholders can ensure that concrete and sustainable results are reached at the local level, converging, in this sense, with

other major development actors —including multilateral partners— who endeavor in the same direction. ART can therefore contribute, in very concrete terms, to the articulation between local development processes, local governance stakeholders, and UNDP’s new LGLD strategy, embodied in its 2014–2017 Strategic Plan (SP).

In the wider development arena, this year will certainly be remembered as an intense and active one, particularly in relation to the post2015 consultations. In 2014, UNDP, UN HABITAT and the Global Task Force will co-lead the efforts towards localizing results and determining the appropriate means for their implementation.

The consultations that have been held at the territorial level have sought to determine “what” should be improved, what has worked so far, and what has not. A new phase that will determine “how” we can make these changes happen at the local level will follow. Participating and contributing to this unprecedented process is crucial, as its success depends on its openness, inclusiveness and participatory nature, as well on as the capacity of the community of development actors to approach this challenge with a territorial perspective.

Giovanni Camilleri

International Coordinator of the UNDP ART Initiative

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THE ART GLOBAL INITIATIVE Launched in 2004, the UNDP ART Initiative aims at advancing SHD at Through its extensive network of the local level in its economic, social over 1,600 partners from the North and environmental dimensions. To and the South, the ART Initiative do so, the Initiative implements an promotes SHD processes that have overarching territorial development approach that integrates innovative been prioritized locally, achieving Decentralized, South-South and concrete results where they matter.

Triangular cooperation modalities.

All initiatives are carried out under a territorial perspective that is aligned to national development strategies and local priorities, therefore promoting linkages between the local, national and international levels.

ART contributes to empowering the territories to achieve their goals by ART empowers local authorities promoting dialogue and sustainable to promote and measure partnerships between them, development cooperation implementing multilevel governance effectiveness at the local level. and development strategies and achieving cooperation effectiveness at the local level. In partner countries —and at their request— ART Framework Programmes (FPs) provide the instruments that allow implementing development actions in response to the organized and prioritized demands of the territories, therefore facilitating the articulation of development partners in support of existing local development processes. Indeed, DC partnerships contribute to identifying, channeling and implementing these interventions. Furthermore, FPs, managed and coordinated through UNDP Country Offices (COs), and supported by the various Regional Bureaus and Service Centers, facilitate the linkages that allow implementing and connecting international processes to tangible results at the local level —where development makes a difference.

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In the face of complex challenges such as SHD, LRGs have become pivotal actors as they deliver development results at the local level where major achievements are being attained. Furthermore, they have become indispensable to the definition of the development agenda and its implementation at the local level. They therefore ought to have a voice in the current international development discussions underway and to play a leading role in shaping the development priorities that most affect them.

Having long-acknowledged the centrality of LRGs in achieving development objectives, the ART Initiative has supported territories to build and consolidate their own instruments and platforms. It has also put its partnership networks at their disposal, to facilitate their participation in designing the development paradigm of the future.

In this sense, the Initiative is an intrinsic part of UNDP’s overall effort in shaping the post-2015 development framework; it is participating in the definition of the post-2015 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular in relation to the means of implementation of the new development agenda at the local level. SDGs will build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and draw on their successes and weaknesses, ultimately converging with the post-2015 development agenda, outlining the world’s long-term vision of development.

More specifically, thanks to its longstanding territorial approach, which has been successfully implemented in the field achieving concrete and sustainable results, and to its consolidated track record of innovative decentralized partnerships, ART has been mainstreamed into UNDP’s corporate policies and strategies on LGLD, which constitutes one of the keystones of UNDP’s 2014–2017 SP.

THE TERRITORIAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT In an increasingly complex and interdependent world, many of the development challenges (such as unemployment, social exclusion and inequalities) require solutions founded on a territorial dimension.

All decision-making levels, as well as the economic, social and development actors, need to be involved in addressing development challenges and implementing contextualized solutions. Through such a “territorial lens”, the territory is the starting point of all interventions; its endogenous potential, identity and priorities are taken into account through inclusive and participatory processes that result in integrated interventions. UNDP strongly believes that human development —as an overarching objective— needs to start at the local level and ought to be initiated and led by the territories themselves if sustainable results are to be achieved.

Through the territorial approach to development, different local institutions and actors work together to define development strategies that reflect a wide range of interests and priorities at the local level.

MECHANISMS TO PROMOTE ARTICULATION National Coordination Committees (NCCs)

Territorial Working Groups (WGs)

Participatory Local Development Planning

International Cooperation Guidelines (ICGs)

NCCs promote cross-sector coordination among ministries, as they provide a coordination platform for harmonization and multidisciplinary discussions that also incorporates national and international development actors. NCCs anchor the territorial initiatives at the national level, par tnering with the National Government in a relationship based on dialogue, mutual responsibility, collaborative work towards common objectives and coordination. NCCs promote dialogue, consensus-building and concerted decisions between the national, sub-national, and local levels; favor durable territorial/ national/international linkages and articulation; contribute to institutional capacity strengthening; and take decisions on issues related to the FP’s implementation.

TWGs are the institutional expression of the LGLD processes promoted in and by the territories.

They foster strategic planning; facilitate consensual decision-making among local authorities, civil society and private and public stakeholders; and strengthen and develop local capacities. They also provide an accountability and monitoring mechanism for development cooperation; are an entry point for development partners to the territory; and influence the creation of public policies and their reinforcement. As well, they promote accountability and social inclusion of traditionally marginalized groups.

Local Development Planning translates the territory’s long-term development vision into concrete actions, strongly integrated with national planning processes. It is a process through which local development stakeholders discuss and prioritize the territory’s objectives in a participatory way, based on its endogenous potential and specific needs. The discussions culminate in a territorial plan that also sets out proposed development interventions and becomes an instrument for decentralization policies and international cooperation.

From a broad perspective, ICGs are the practical translation of the new cooperation paradigm, whereby donors’ resources ought to respond to the concerted demands of the territories. ICGs offer joint diagnoses, guidelines and strategic projects todevelopment partners, and facilitate their alignment with the territory’s strategies, institutions and procedures. ICGs are also useful tools to present integrated demands to the competent ministries and national programmes.

The ICGs guide development partners’ interventions towards a harmonized vision of the territory’s future through concrete initiatives, contribute to the identification of new partners and resource mobilization and promote development cooperation effectiveness.

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ART’S CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES Today, the development landscape is at a crossroads; within the next two years it is expected to undergo one of the most significant overhauls in the recent history of international development. Ongoing debates are gradually shaping and will eventually determine a new set of goals, the SDGs (the successors of the MDGs), embedded within a revamped development framework (post-2015) and the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. In 2013, these processes have been a major working theme for development actors, as discussions have involved extensive global consultations. The negotiations have to culminate with concrete decisions in 2015 at the latest, when the MDGs’ framework comes to an end. In addition, there are several ongoing key international policy discussions on innovative methodologies and approaches that could become instrumental in implementing the new development agenda, for example the World Forums of Local Economic Development (LED) and DC, included within the UN Development Cooperation Forum (DCF) debates1.

Owing to its experience in territorial development and its first-hand knowledge of the local level, the ART Initiative has been actively involved in these international debates, which are shaping the future development agenda and redefining the relations between the local, national and global levels. Along with key strategic partners such as LRGs, civil society, academia and private sector partners, the Initiative informs the discussions and positions the local level within these debates.

The Initiative’s contributions to the ongoing international processes have also paved the way to its strategic focuses for the year 2014 —the watershed of the development paradigm

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ONGOING INTERNATIONAL POLICY PROCESSES Post-2015 consultations — aimed at establishing a new development framework.

SDG discussions — aimed at defining the new set of sustainable development goals, which will evolve from the current MDGs. Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation — post-Busan Fourth High Level Forum (HLF-4) — to ensure that development cooperation has the maximum possible impact on development results.

POST-2015 PROCESS The post-2015 process is probably the most visible of these debates, for itsunprecedented consultation efforts. It is based on stocktaking of the varying degrees of MDG achievement and is connected to the ongoing discussions on SHD and development effectiveness. To a large extent, its success will depend on its participatory, open and inclusive nature, and its responsiveness to the voices, needs and knowledge of those most directly affected by poverty and exclusion.

There is no doubt that local level stakeholders must be involved as equals and partners in the definition of “The World We Want” and as privileged development actors who represent the link that is closest to communities and traditionally marginalized groups (women, youth, the elderly, physically challenged persons and indigenous populations). Experience has shown that if any development framework is to work, national and local governments must have primary ownership of —and accountability for— this

framework; it is therefore paramount to involve them in the determining international discussions underway.

In 2013, the ART Initiative has contributed to these debates as a stakeholder, knowledge-broker and facilitator; in this regard, the Initiative facilitated several of the 88 country consultations, in El Salvador, Mauritania and Ecuador. Through the territorial systems and development networks established and consolidated since 2004 in over 20 countries, ART has been (and will be) instrumental in further shaping the new development agenda as it will facilitate the consultations co-led by UNDP and UN-HABITAT on behalf of the United Nations Development Group (UNDG) and together with the Global Task Force of Regional and Local Governments for the Post-2015 Development Agenda towards HABITAT III, on how to localize the post-2015 development framework.

Through these consultations, a wide range of local level stakeholders have a chance, for the first time, to influence the future development framework

HLF-4, as it contributed to ensure that LRGs were given a voice in the discussions and were acknowledged in the final outcome document as key drivers of local development. Thanks to the combined efforts of UNDP and the international associations of LRGs, during 2013 there has been further involvement of LRGs in the working arrangements of the Global Partnership, namely its Steering Committee, as well as an increasing recognition in the course of the Global Partnership deliberations and of the role and importance of local actors to advance effective development cooperation.

The Global Partnership for Effective Development will be holding its first high-level meeting in Mexico, in April 2014; ART and its LRG partners have been actively participating in the preparatory meetings to inform the process.

GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR EFFECTIVE COOPERATION The Global Partnership emerged just after the HLF4 held in Busan in 2011. Co-led by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and UNDP, it aims at driving progress and supporting the implementation of the global development agenda that will follow the Millennium Development Goals target year of 2015�. Through ART, and with the collaboration of LRGnetworks and their associations such as the Forum of Regional Governments and Global Associations of Regions (ORU-FOGAR) and United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), UNDP was intensely involved in the processes surrounding the

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MAISONS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT: IMPROVING HARMONIZATION AMONG DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS The discussions in relation to the increasing role of LRGs as development actors and how their role can be best fulfilled is an international process by itself. In this context, the ART Initiative participated in the World Summit of Local and Regional Leaders (4th Congress of UCLG), organized in October 2013, in Rabat (Morocco)2.

With UCLG and UN DESA (the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs) and with the participation of Moroccan authorities, a study on DC and its impact on cooperation effectiveness at the local level was presented. The study captures the immense potential of the DC modality, “justifying its consideration in the context of the evolving post2015 development agenda and the follow-up to the Rio+20 Summit on sustainable development”. Partner Moroccan local governments presented their experience with the Maisons de Développement (MD –development houses) in the region of L’Oriental and Tanger-Tetuan.

The MDs are concrete mechanisms that show how development effectiveness can be promoted at the local level by local governance stakeholders, through improved coordination and harmonization.

Focused on promoting exchanges and developing partnerships, they have become the entry point for development partners into the regions, providing them both with a physical coordination space and a platform to harmonize and coordinate development efforts, therefore creating synergies and maximizing impact. .

A TOOL TO MEASURE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION EFFECTIVENESS The instrument to measure development cooperation effectiveness at the local level 3 has been designed and implemented in Ecuador with the support of SETECI (the Technical Secretariat for International Cooperation in Ecuador)4 and in collaboration with ART’s FP. The instrument is contributing to improving development effectiveness at the local level. It allows LRGs to measure alignment, ownership and harmonization – thereby promoting local ownership, empowering local actors and fostering mutual accountability within development cooperation.

Successfully implemented in Ecuador, it has contributed to increase transparency and accountability of development interventions. It is yet another example that illustrates ART’s concrete contribution to the global efforts towards development effectiveness and to the local implementation of international processes.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) The process for the definition of the new SDGs is articulated through the Open Working Group (OWG) discussions5. UNDP, through ART, co-organized the side event on ‘Local Economic Development for Sustainable Territorial Development’ during the seventh session of the OWG6, aimed at integrating LED concerns in the design of the post-2015 development framework. The event culminated the sustained preparation process that took place throughout 2013, and provided an opportunity for local and national authorities, LRGs and UN entities to explore how LED practical experiences in the countries can contribute to tackle current development challenges. Furthermore, the ART Initiative is contributing in practical terms to this debate, by promoting LED as a tool to localize and implement development initiatives at the local level.

Lastly, UNDP is also supporting the Task Force for LRGs in developing a set of indicators to measure future results at the local level7.

To result in an effective, sustainable framework, the ongoing international processes must be participatory, open, inclusive and responsive to the territories ART - 2013 in Review

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ART’S STRATEGIC FOCUS IN 2013 Building on the momentum generated by its simultaneous work in the countries and at the global level, in 2013 the programme selected three strategic areas, based on ART’s innovative practices generated in the field, the prospective to share them with other regions and countries and potential to translate policies into results on the ground. Furthermore, UNDP’s corporate priorities, particularly in relation to the LGLD strategy, were taken into account and integrated within the Initiative’s 2013 roadmap.

The following three-pronged 2013 strategy is therefore a natural evolution of the Initiative’s approach and methodology; it builds upon past achievements, but also takes stock of its years of experiences in supporting countries to achieve their development goals.

The 2013 strategic focus areas: INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS

1.

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LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

2.

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

3.

Innovative partnerships (IPs) are at the heart of the Initiative’s unique added value and one of its major assets to position the territories’ voices at the forefront of the current intense international discussions.

Founded on the premise that partnerships and coordination are essential to achieve the future SDGs and that sub-national and local actors have to be the central agents of any development effort, ART has contributed in extending and consolidating UNDP’s networks of partners, in particular within Decentralized and Triangular cooperation. The network is aimed at stimulating linkages, mutually enriching learning processes, innovation and know-how exchanges, and resource mobilization. Over the years, the Initiative has become a trusted and established entry point for DC partners and LRGs into the multilateral framework and into the territories themselves. It has facilitated hundreds of exchanges, most of which have developed into long-term partnerships based on the principles of equality and reciprocity. Decentralized, South-South and Triangular cooperation modalities at the local level have therefore become one of the Initiative’s signature contributions to broadening development opportunities in the North and the South, capitalizing on the immense potential of decentralized and nonstate partners.

Indeed, although development solutions ought to be dealt with at the regional, national and global levels, it is at the local level that development concerns are best addressed —because this is where solutions will make a difference in people’s lives.

UNDP’s 2014–2017 SP well captures this reality, in line with the stance of other strategic development partners such as the European Union8, which also acknowledges the increasing importance of LRGs as agents and promoters of transformative change and local development. UNDP’s Strategic Plan urges the participation of the local level and excluded groups as drivers of their own development through improved LGLD processes. ART is one of the in-house programmes that actively contributes to these processes, as a privileged and trusted partner that can help link global policies with national priorities and concrete actions on the ground. This is so because over the years, the ART Initiative has facilitated putting in place territorial LGLD processes in more than 20 countries.

ART AND UNDP’S 2014 - 2017 STRATEGIC PLAN UNDP’s new integrated Strategy for Local Governance and Local Development, to be approved in early 2014, establishes a close link between LGLD and the concept of SHD and calls for ensuring an enabling environment at the local level for these processes.

While recognizing LRGs as key actors for promoting LGLD, UNDP’s SP also proposes the multidisciplinary territorial approach and multilevel governance systems as the foundation for the successful promotion of SHD at the local level. UNDP, through the ART Initiative, explicitly positions itself as the entry point for DC partners in order to allow for more harmonized and aligned interventions, within a multilateral framework.

The integrated LGLD strategy is based on the new UNDP Strategic Plan for 20142017; it focuses on decentralization and effective local governance to deliver improved basic services and respond to priorities voiced by the public, ultimately supporting the achievement of the MDGs and other internationally agreed development goals.

UNDP’s Integrated LGLD strategy will be rolled out in 2014, and will aim at enhancing the role of LRGs in promoting development and at systematically introducing DC as a complementary modality to foster LGLD.

One of the paths towards integrated and inclusive LGLD processes is doubtlessly Local Economic Development (LED), understood as an integral, cross-sector partnership approach that feeds into the sustainability of local development results. LED has been increasingly acknowledged as vital to LGLD initiatives because it facilitates the implementation of an inclusive development agenda at the local level, with a clear focus on integrating the social, economic and environmental aspects of SHD. LED has historically been a major working area for the Initiative, which has capitalized on its networks, know-how and instruments (such as Local Economic Development Agencies – LEDAs) to support the territories in building upon the comparative advantages and unique characteristics of each region, promoting dialog between local-level stakeholders, and enabling environments for the development of micro, small and medium enterprises at the local level. It is no coincidence that 2013 was the year of the Second World Forum of Local Economic Development, held in Brazil (Foz do Iguaçu).

The worldwide event showcased the increasing interest of numerous stakeholders to further promote harmonization in LED policies and implementation.

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(((

ART IN FOCUS )))

THE FRENCH MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND UNDP PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH THE ART INITIATIVE Recently, the figures on French DC partners, partnerships and interventions have soared —and their full potential is yet mostly untapped by international development actors: there are currently 13,000 DC projects, supported by 5,000 French local authorities, who have partnered with over 10,000 LRGs in 147 countries9. The French DC system is changing from the traditional “North-towards-South” concept of aid towards a strategic cooperation and exchange of experiences between equal partners.

With this evolving development context in mind, a French National Commission for Decentralized Cooperation has been created to improve coordination and enhance complementariness at the international level and as an instrument for dialogue between the National Government and local and regional authorities10.

A strategic, long-term partnership between UNDP and DAECT was initiated in 2013 to contribute to harnessing the immense potential of French DC and, at the same time, to support UNDP’s corporate strategies on DC and LGLD, by giving it access to hundreds of French LRGs and their associations such as Cités Unies (CUF), Association des Maires de France (AMF), Association des Régions de France (ARF), and Assemblée des Départements de France (ADF), among others. The pioneering alliance between UNDP and French DC actors is certainly key to the promotion of decentralized, democratic and good governance processes, as it facilitates complementariness, coordination and accessing new financing opportunities.

The strategic UNDP / DAECT partnership aims at promoting development cooperation effectiveness and integral development approaches at the sub-national level by facilitating harmonization and alignment of DC initiatives

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In the framework of this alliance, in July 2013 DAECT and UNDP ART launched a call for proposals for the years 2013–201511, to promote dialogue between territories as an innovative approach to development cooperation, and to contribute to the alignment and harmonization of French DC actors through the ART Initiative. The call for proposals encourages local authorities in France to benefit from the methodological support and expertise of UNDP in ten target countries.

Furthermore, DAECT and UNDP coordinate a calendar of global events aimed at contributing to LED, knowledge exchange and development debates, under a rationale of reciprocal acknowledgement and mutual learning, a process that also involves several French associations of regions or municipalities, such as the ARF. The ARF ’s commission for International Affairs and Decentralized Cooperation12 represented French regions in several UN high level events on the post-2015 agenda, advocating for a stronger involvement of LRGs in the definition of the new development framework.

The President of ARF, during the seventh session of the OWG on Sustainable Cities and Territories held in New York, the President of Champagne-Ardenne stated: « As the unlimited growth of cities poses more and more problems (pollution, unemployment, crime) and rural areas tend to get depopulated, regions offer a real possibility for strategically balancing these two poles and addressing the problems from a territorial perspective. Regions are essential if we are to avoid future demographic, social and environmental disruptions».

In the framework of the new integrated UNDP strategy for LGLD, DAECT and UNDP have a unique opportunity to further enhance their strategic

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partnership, unraveling the potential of French DC and boosting UNDP’s strategic policies on local governance, local development, and DC. Both partners will be in a stronger position to orient DC actors towards countries where the LGLD pilots are being implemented.

In 2013, the UNDP / DAECT alliance achieved several concrete results: itfacilitated and promoted the articulation of French DC actors within the ART Initiative and various countries; it successfully launched a joint call for proposals —two initiatives have already being implemented in Lebanon (Marseille/Tripoli and Aix en Provence/Baalbeck) and Morocco (Région de l’Oriental and Champagne Ardenne, France)—; it promoted the harmonization and alignment of French DC actors with local and national LED strategies; itfacilitated the participation of French DC actors in several international events, encouraging knowledge exchange and dialogue between territories; and finally, itpromoted the participation of French DC partners in the international debates and discussions that are shaping future development architecture.

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1. INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS

Since its inception, ART’s mainstay has been to build innovative partnerships (IPs) and synergies through its network of development partners from the South and the North. These partnerships are based on the needs and priorities of the territories; they are bottomup, horizontal, and mutually enriching; and include local authorities, foundations, universities, civil society organizations, business associations and the private sector. These IPs are a keystone of the Initiative’s work and one of its strongest and most consolidated added values. Moreover, true to its commitment to increasing corporate effectiveness and coordination, the Initiative also collaborates with several United Nations Agencies, Programmes and Funds, and has established partnerships with several in-house programmes.

Decentralized Cooperation reflects the Initiative’s ability to facilitate local linkages in support of local development processes

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The Initiative’s endeavor in facilitating and stimulating IPs has led to exchanges and dialogue between territories that are built on mutual trust, and has yielded mutually enriching experiences based on equality, reciprocity and the sense of shared humanity and concerns. These alliances have been carried out in the form of DC, South-South and Triangular cooperation modalities, depending on the context and needs.

Owing to these characteristics and their impact on local development, DC will become a key actor in the efforts towards localizing the post-2015 development agenda. It is now acknowledged that DC will be instrumental in creating dynamic and transformative partnerships and will become the means to implement these at the local level.

DECENTRALIZED COOPERATION AS AN IMPORTANT MODALITY TO FURTHER DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS Multiple actors operate at the local level, among which LRGs, civil society, NonGovernmental Organizations (NGOs), the private sector and academia. These work with their counterparts in other countries to strengthen capacities in meeting the development challenges through peer-to-peer learning and stimulating a dialogue between territories on common issues. It is characterized by its flexibility, proximity to the community and facility to develop cooperation partnerships (North-South, South-South, South-North, Triangular) through which technical expertise and resources are shared, and put into practice.

Innovative Partnerships are a keystone of how ART implements its theoretical approach at the local level to reach tangible results THE 2013 UN DESA STUDY ON DC13 OUTLINED THREE MAIN ARGUMENTS FOR DC: Given its proximity to citizens, DC is an effective modality to promote universal values such as solidarity, equal opportunities, justice and tolerance, and to use this type of cooperation to strengthen partnerships between local communities in developed and developing countries.

The growing global interdependence of countries and their ability to effectively address development challenges points to the importance of LRGs as direct intermediaries to citizens. DC allows for a structured exchange between LRGs on the principles of engagement and their ability to contribute to global challenges – both as providers and recipients of development cooperation– in close alignment with national development strategies.

DC is a useful tool to strengthen the territories’ capacities and to share lessons learned from their activities. Through this modality, they can identify new opportunities and resources (financial, social, cultural and institutional) for their own development.

Experiences in the countries show that synergies between DC and the multilateral framework enhance the effectiveness of development cooperation at the local level. The ART Initiative seeks to maximize this potential by providing DC partners with a multilateral framework, facilitating linkages at the local level, across levels of government and sectors. The use of locally led joint programming frameworks by DC partners reduces fragmentation of actions, allowing for a more efficient and rational use of resources (technical and financial). Because LRGs are in the driving seat of such frameworks, DC actions are aligned to and respond to local priorities, with a focus on long-term processes rather than one-off projects.

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THE EXAMPLES BELOW ILLUSTRATE HOW IN 2013, VARIOUS ACTORS AND PROJECTS HAVE USED ART’S ARTICULATION FRAMEWORK: ARTICULATING BASQUE ACTORS IN A MULTILATERAL FRAMEWORK A large number of Basque local partners have been articulating their development efforts through the ART Initiative for close to a decade. This has contributed to reinforce their capacities and their role in local development processes. Today, more than 12 Basque DC actors, among which the Basque Government, the new Basque Agency for Development Cooperation, municipalities and actors of the public and private sectors (Basque Agency for Water -URA-, BEAZ, GARAPEN, TECNALIA, EUSKAL FONDOA, HEGOA, UPV) and civil society organizations articulate their interventions with the ART Initiative in response to local priorities and interests.

This collaboration also promotes horizontal partnerships that can quickly mobilize the social and economic actors of the territory. Exchanges of know-how, as well as technological innovations, heritage management, water management, and local economic development experiences have also taken place, promoting integral development processes towards SHD. The geographical and thematic articulation of the Basque local actors and their alignment to local priorities within a common programming and operational framework has contributed to increasing the impact, at the country level, of Basque DC interventions, thereby improving development effectiveness. Likewise, this coordination has facilitated articulation with other international cooperation actors in various countries.

During 2013, URA supported water governance in El Salvador. The “Improving water management in the Torola River Basin Initiative” seeks to improve the integral management of water provision in the area and implement a conservation strategy for hydrological resources. Owing to the project’s achievements, the Government has acknowledged it as a model for improving water management in the country.

This initiative has also become a platform where various

Innovative partnerships are a keystone of how ART implements its theoretical approach at the local level to reach tangible results; they enable capitalizing on the knowledge of the territories as a resource for international cooperation interventions.

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international partners (such as the French cooperation, UNDP’s Global Water Solidarity (GWS), The Stockholm International Water Institute and the OPEC Fund for International Development are integrating and strengthening the territorial system for water management.

At the global level, various Basque actors (from the public and private sectors) have actively contributed to positioning the role of local actors in the design and implementation of the global agenda for development. Currently, the Basque Government and the AVCD are contributing to the global debate on development in the framework of the new post-2015 development agenda, and Basque actors are playing a key role in positioning LED as a strategic tool to promote human development from the local level.

UNDP is actively committed to reinforcing these innovative partnerships, as a potential that needs to be further harnessed to implement the new agenda and to achieve results at the local level. It is certain that IPs can contribute to addressing the bottlenecks of local development and to investing in targeted solutions that take into account the experiences and visions expressed at the local level.

1. Innovative Partnerships

I-STEPS The UNDP ART Innovation in Sustainable Territorial Partnerships (I-STEPS) is an initiative aimed at fostering harmonized European DC support to the partner countries’ ongoing LGLD processes through the joint work of 10 cities and regions from different EU countries. The Programme was designed and formulated in 2013 and the pilot phase, to start in 2014, will include Ecuador, Lebanon and Montenegro.

In a nutshell, I-STEPS is an action-based Programme aimed at advancing good governance and sustainable development at the local level through innovative DC partnerships.

The Programme will seek to strengthen the capacities of LRGs in partner countries through knowledge and innovation sharing, while promoting enabling environments for their fulfillment as development actors. Additionally, the Programme will strengthen linkages between European DC partners and the UN development system, and contribute to promoting the role of LRGs within the UN-led international debates and dialogues.

SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION (SSTC) AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AS AN INCREASINGLY RELEVANT COOPERATION MODALITY A key feature of the evolving development landscape is the increasing importance of South-South Cooperation (SSC), which underscores the leading role of the South in its own development. SSC is a process whereby two or more developing countries pursue their individual and/or shared development objectives through exchanges of knowledge, skills, resources and technical know-how14. Another growing trend is Triangular Cooperation which involves Southern-driven partnerships between two or more developing countries supported by a developed country(ies)/or multilateral organization(s) to implement development cooperation programmes and projects.

The importance of the local level in providing concrete responses to social and economic challenges is well acknowledged. Networks of local institutions and citizens can find the most adequate solutions by gaining a deeper understanding of the local culture and its environment.

These dynamics are particularly pertinent for local actors, as LRGs and other territorial actors face similar compelling challenges and develop solutions and innovations highly relevant to their counterparts in areas such as local capacity, basic service delivery, urban governance or local economic development. Consequently, the wealth of knowledge, experience and innovations embedded in local institutions and actors represents a great potential that can be mobilized through SSTC at territorial level, developing capacity building and knowledge sharing across local actors. The rich exchange of experiences, exchange and innovation generated by SSTC represents a vital resource, as important, if not more, than financial resources.

The ART Initiative has promoted several SSTC exchanges at local level, channeling and reinforcing the countries’ strategic efforts in this respect.

1. Innovative Partnerships

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EL SALVADOR / THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: SS EXCHANGE FOR LED PROMOTION SSC has contributed to stimulate local economy in El Salvador and the “To build a better world, we need to Dominican Republic. The cooperation know where are the best experiences, started in 2011, with a technical take these experiences, and adapt and exchange between LED actors of replicate them to a region” El Salvador and the Dominican Jorge Miguel Samek, General Director Itaipu Republic, after which participants Binacional (Brazil) created a network for sharing information and best practices, and for supporting each other’s initiatives.

The most successful Dominican models were adapted and implemented in El Salvador. Subsequently, El Salvador also

established its own LEDAs in Usulután and La Unión, which triggered many positive spillover effects on the poorest groups of the population and other traditionally excluded groups such as women and youth. Since 2013, all stakeholders have started participating financially to ensure the sustainability of the LEDAs, of which they have taken ownership. As a result of the momentum spawned by that first exchange in 2011, and of the concrete results it generated at the local level, this SSC experience has been recognized as a best practice, and received the Global Partnership Award in South-South cooperation, delivered by the United Nations Office for SouthSouth Cooperation.

CHAMPAGNE-ARDENNE (FRANCE) / RÉGION DE L’ORIENTAL (MOROCCO) The Region of Champagne-Ardenne (France) has long been active in international development cooperation, forging a long-lasting partnership with the region of L’Oriental (Morocco)15. More than ten years of cooperation have allowed the two Mediterranean partners to address key development challenges and build a sustainable cooperation in areas such as youth employment, LED —with a specific focus on tourism and agriculture— and cultural and research exchanges between universities. For instance, a regional Observatory of agriculture was recently inaugurated in L’Oriental, and over 290,000 euro have been mobilized by Champagne-Ardenne to document and appraise the cultural heritage of L’Oriental16.

Champagne-Ardenne has also been a key partner of the Morocco ART FP, supporting and promoting LRGs in achieving a more effective development cooperation.

In the framework of the partnership between the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (through DAECT) and UNDP ART,

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the two regions will further their cooperation by developing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)-based applications to appraise the natural and cultural tourism assets, ultimately promoting sustainable tourism in the region and reinforcing LED processes through improved coordination and harmonization among DC partners.

Moreover, this partnership is not limited to ChampagneArdenne and L’Oriental; it is in fact promoting articulation at the local level between numerous European cities. One such example is the case of Malaga (Spain) and Como (Italy), which were previously intervening in the same location, on the same thematic area, but with different approaches and modalities.

Thanks to the Initiative’s framework, these development cooperation partners are now coordinating their activities, therefore achieving a higher impact and a more efficient use of available technical and financial resources.

1. Innovative Partnerships

LEBANON: HEALTH MANAGEMENT WITH A MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIVE Lebanon suffers from a structural problem in health service delivery, as it is provided by several institutions: the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Social Affairs and municipalities), however they do not dispose of operational standards. Consequently, over 70 percent of the population relies on the private sector for health services.

The Lebanon Host- Communities Support Programme is developing an inter-institutional response plan to improve health service delivery, standardizing the quality of services offered by the various institutions involved in health care provision, in response to local needs expressed through the Territorial Working Groups. In this regard, in 2014 a rapid assessment will be conducted in 10 target communities.

This initiative is carried out in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Education and Higher Education at the national level, and with municipalities, public schools, primary health

care centers and social development centers at the local level. Through the Lebanon ART FP,the Tuscany Region (Italy) is directly providing technical assistance at the national and local levels, through capacity building, design of protocols and field assessments, in order to promote the concept of networking for an integrated approach to service delivery by integrating it into wider, longer-term development plans that also tackle health management systems, education, awareness raising, among others.

This initiative, which constitutes a fine example of how DC can feed into and promote multilevel governance systems in relation to a specific thematic area, also shows how a better articulation between levels (in this case, local and national, through a multilateral and decentralized framework) can contribute to improving service delivery.

FELCOS: COOBEERATION FOR BEEKEEPING, BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SECURITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN The ART Initiative partners with several European associations and Funds, such as the Andalusian Fund of Municipalities for International Solidarity (FAMSI, Spain), ARF (France) and the Fund of Local Authorities for Decentralized Cooperation and Sustainable Human Development, Umbria (FELCOS, Italy)17. Through FELCOS Umbria, ART cooperates with numerous Italian LRGs, hence promoting harmonization and furthering the coordination of development interventions. The alliance between the ART Initiative and FELCOS Umbria has facilitated several DC partnerships such as those of FELCOS / L’Oriental (Morocco, through the Regional Department of Agriculture), FELCOS / Lebanon (various regions, through the Ministry of Agriculture), and FELCOS / Sri Lanka (promoting LED and supporting the decentralization of the mental health system).

Strengthenedby its joint working experience and successful cooperation with DC partners from both shores of the Mediterranean, this experience between multiple actors / across multiple levels (decentralized, sub-national, national and multilateral) now includes the European Commission (EC) as well. A project jointly submitted by FELCOS and UNDP to the EC has recently been approved, showcasing

1. Innovative Partnerships

the success of this cooperation model. The project, which will involve Algeria, Lebanon, Italy, Morocco, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Tunisia, aims at i) strengthening the new Mediterranean Beekeepers Association (ApiMed, a network of beekeepers’ associations); ii) at promoting research, analysis and networking; and iii) at supporting activities that target honey producers, to strengthen their local and national associations and their capacity to participate in the dialogue and decision-making related to food security and biodiversity.

In this regard, a specialized beekeeping Forum is organized biennially since 2007 with the support of UNDP, the last of which took place in Beirut (Lebanon)18.

The Forums and the long-term alliances that have been established have promoted dialogue between territories on “issues of common interest”, and the exchange of knowledge, good practices, and technical and technological innovations in the beekeeping sector.

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GLOBAL WATER SOLIDARITY AND ART: BUILDING SYNERGIES FOR WATER

FOUNDING MEMBERS • Basque Agency for Water • BothEnds • French Ministry of Foreign Affairs • International Office of Water • International Secretariat for Water (ISW) • Le syndicat des eaux d’Ile de France • Netherlands Water Partnership (NWP) • PROTOS • pS-Eau • Sahara and Sahel Observatory • Service Intercommunal de Gestion (SIGE) • Solidarit’eau • Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC) • United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) • United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) • Vitens-Evides • Water and Sanitation for Africa (WSA) • Waterlex • Water Right Foundation

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UNDP officially launched the GWS International Platform19 in 2012 to support the achievement of the MDG target 7-C through the promotion of DC partnerships in water and sanitation. With 20 founding members and over 40 Chart signatories, GWS builds upon the combined know-how and technical and financial resources of LRGs in the field of water and sanitation.

GWS has evolved into a natural partner to the Initiative on issues related to water and sanitation: GWS has the capacity to build a specific network of water and sanitation development partners to promote knowledge and good practices exchanges, and to mobilize more cooperation partnerships.

For instance, in 2013, this partnership has already translated into several collaboration initiatives at the local level, where water issues are incorporated into LGLD processes and other prioritized thematic areas through integrated Local Development Plans. Through the in-house GWS and ART collaboration, international cooperation actors are able to link their specific areas of expertise in water and sanitation with the organized demands of the territories and existing local development plans, so they can complement longterm processes and strategies.

Since the beginning of the partnership in 2013, GWS and ART have brought actors together, harmonizing capacities at the decentralized level for water governance. In Rabat, during the fourth UCLG international meeting, GWS and ART reached out to LRGs, giving their partnership international exposure and showcasing the concrete opportunities that can this alliance can yield.

As a proactive and specialized network of alliances for water, GWS is also a “water think-tank” that

contributes to identifying water-related technological and management innovations, setting out ideas and options for the post-2015 development agenda.

To date, GWS has conducted feasibility studies in Morocco, El Salvador, Kyrgizstan, Ukraine, Nicaragua, Bosnia, Tunisia, Guinea, Gabon, Niger and Senegal.

As the GWS experience is made available to the overall UNDP networks, with a particular focus on LGLD pilots, it also complements existing UNDP programmes on water with the Initiative’s instruments and approach, and with the important know-how generated by decentralized water management. The combined approach of ART and GWS therefore represents a strategic opportunity to facilitate a better integration of UNDP’s LGLD programmes internally —particularly in relation to water governance— in the framework of locally-owned, multi-sectorial development plans.

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RESULTS: In Morocco, in response to the organized demand of the territory, a project was elaborated in partnership with the Region of L’Oriental, the ART Initiative and GWS, and facilitated by the Working Groups and the Maisons de Développement. Approved in 2013, the project aims at “Building the capacities of local actors in water and sanitation management and access”.

As a first result, the region of Tuscany has pledged a financial contribution and technical assistance, thanks to the combined efforts and networking of ART and GWS. In El Salvador, the ART FP has supported the implementation of water pilot projects since 2011 in three micro-regions, with the cooperation of the Basque Water Agency. Following a joint identification mission of ART and GWS, carried out with the support of the Water Agency Loire Bretagne, the financial and technical collaboration of the latter has been secured to support the territorial water processes established

by ART, and implement ten high-impact infrastructure projects.

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2. LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT UNDP understands local governance and local development in an integrated way, that is, as Claudia Serrano, RIMISP Director Territorial processes that are closely linked approach/governance to SHD and to resilience, a vision well reflected in the Agency’s 2014–2017 SP. Indeed, local governance allows citizens, groups “The success of the future will and local communities to articulate depend on how to articulate the their interests and needs, mediate national and local levels to ensure differences and exercise rights a mutual reinforcement. ” and obligations, therefore “bringing Rebeca Grynspan, UN Under-Secretary-General and greater development benefits UNDP Associate Administrator to citizens”. This approach is actually founded on territorial development, as UNDP intends to focus its work on promoting the inclusiveness and accountability of sub-national governments and their representatives, and on strengthening their capacity to manage the opportunities and responsibilities conferred to them by decentralization processes.

LRGs are key drivers of LGLD, as development actors in their own territory and as development partners —through the DC modality. As a result, the SP puts a special emphasis on how LGLD can advance SHD; it recognizes that local governments are best placed to lead and monitor development progress in their communities, and that they should have a say in the planning process at the national level and in policy debates at the international level.

“Territorial development is achieved by strengthening goverannce”

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The ART Initiative supports the territories in finding integrated and multidisciplinary solutions, by adopting a cross-sector approach that encompasses multiple thematic areas. This way, interventions are contextualized to the territories’ realities and needs, and the potential of LRGs is translated into opportunities and concrete results, increasing their impact within their own territories. The ART experience, with its established processes and tested mechanisms, is considerably informing UNDP’s LGLD strategy: at the local level, FPs appraise local human and natural resources, thereby increasing the potential of endogenous development processes, enabling collaborative development planning in response to integrated demands from the territories and creating an entry point for development partners. Furthermore, strengthening local governments indirectly supports decentralization strategies—and this is a determining factor for the success of LGLD policies. With its methodological approach, acknowledged experience in territorial development, and solid relationships knit at the local level, the Initiative provides an enabling environment for LGLD processes in over 20 countries.

BOLIVIA – SECTORIAL COORDINATION COUNCILS FOR PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT Through a multilevel coordination process that has involved the National Government as well as the autonomous governments, the UNDP ART FP has been supporting the establishment of Sectorial Coordination Councils20 as articulation and exchange mechanisms. The Councils are governance mechanisms that stimulate debate and analysis and promote public-private dialogue, with the objective of achieving productive, inclusive and integral development planning. Locally owned as a tool to support productive development and public management at the local level, in 2013 the Sectorial Coordination Councils prioritized 39 strategic projects in five Governorates, with the participation of over 100 decentralized autonomous governments and municipal entities.

The overall 2013 strategy of the Sectorial Coordination Councils has sought, and achieved, harmonizing and articulating policies and initiatives in productive development, through joint planning and prioritization of strategic projects in the territories. Furthermore, the Councils’ modus operandi has promoted the management effectiveness and impact of public investment in the decentralized autonomous governments and municipalities. In addition, local actors have been empowered through productive development agreements elaborated from a territorial perspective.

LEBANON: USING UNDP’S ART DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK TO CHANNEL HUMANITARIAN AID Over the past two years, the massive influx of Syrian refugees has completely transformed the needs and socioeconomic conditions of most Lebanese municipalities.

It is estimated that one million Syrian refugees have entered the country, that is, slightly more than 20 percent of the Lebanese population. The pressure on basic service delivery, livelihood, income and jobs has been mounting, with social conflict expected to flare up. As a result, the communities are called upon to adapt to this critical situation and build new strategies of resilience.

In this context, the Lebanese Government, with the support of UNDP, is implementing a strategy to support host communities.

In response to the massive influx of Syrian refugees, UNDP is targeting 49 localities (covering 62 municipalities), considered to be the most vulnerable host-communities. The initiative includes the North, the Bekaa valley, the South and Mount Lebanon; these areas have been selected in relation to the existing poverty rates (pre-Syrian crisis) and the number of Syrian refugees they are hosting. The intervention is using the framework and instruments that have been promoted by the ART FP since 2007 (such as local planning, working groups, LEDAs, participatory approach for needs assessments), which have been promptly adapted to the current situation.

2. Local Governance and Local Development

Therefore, the Programme’s framework has been put at the disposal of the new initiative “Lebanon Support for Host Communities”, created under the umbrella of the UNDP Stabilization recovery Programme.

In order to develop an integrated response plan for the targeted localities, “Good governance needs to ensure the project is conducting a conflict-sensitive pertinence, equity, solidarity and social needs assessment in the targeted local cohesion in the territory” communities through a participatory Omar Lafluf, Governor of the Department of Río Negro approach and in full collaboration with (Uruguay) government’s institutions. The established working groups are supporting the process as well.

This methodology is allowing the formulation of projects with a long-term development perspective while addressing short-term needs identified and prioritized by the communities, therefore increasing ownership and sustainability.

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MAURITANIA: APPLYING A GENDER APPROACH TO PARTICIPATORY PLANNING Through the ART FP, UNDP is supporting the Government in the institutional reforms that should lead to reinforcing and consolidating the existing regional mechanisms for concertation and participatory planning. In this framework, the ART Programme has supported the elaboration of a participatory study on gender in relation to the MDGs, in two of the country’s Wilayas. The study, elaborated with the support of the Working Group —as a regional multi-sector and multi-actor mechanism—, has allowed identifying the steps necessary to incorporate the gender approach in the regional processes of participatory planning, namely in relation to the Development Guidelines elaborated with the support of the ART FP, and to the development plans of these two Wilayas.

Under the gender cross-cutting component of the Programme,

several interventions to reinforce women’s capacity building have been undertaken, including training and refresher courses on gender and development aimed at integrating the gender approach to the discussions and planning processes undertaken by the Working Groups. Overall, this experience has enhanced the visibility of the potential and socioeconomic power of rural populations, in particular of women and youth, with the aim of contributing to improving their livelihoods and ensuring their food security. This strategic long-term process and the concrete results it has generated at the local level have set the foundations of the current phase of the programme, focused on ensuring its ownership by the national and local authorities, and on the promotion of LED.

GABON: MAINSTREAMING PARTICIPATORY LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING In Gabon, the ART Initiative is supporting national authorities and LRGs to mainstream participatory local development planning within the national planning system. The process has resulted in the elaboration of a novel methodological guide that is now used by the Ministry in charge of planning. Thanks to this tool, introduced with the technical support of the ART Initiative, 40 LRGs (out of 101) now use Local Development Plans with the Initiative’s instruments and methodology. The guide has become a national reference and all technical and financial partners are using it to elaborate Local Development Plans and International Cooperation Guidelines; therefore, these documents are supporting local authorities in their development processes, by enhancing harmonization, alignment and ownership. As well, they have allowed planning for development initiatives and strategies over the next five years, in the territories where the Programme

is active. In 2013 alone, six new local development plans were elaborated, in addition to six departmental guidelines. It is worth noting that 40 percent of the 150 local stakeholders trained in local planning and guidelines formulation are women. These multilevel participatory planning processes have involved all local stakeholders, and have been aligned to and adopted at the national level; they have hence allowed more ownership of territorial development. In 2013 as well, and with the support of the National Government, the Programme embarked in its second phase (foreseen to last four years), with the aim of contributing to furthering good governance at the local level; this second phase will continue its support to the national strategy on local development, to the provinces and departments’ development, and to the consolidation of a network of partners.

ARTICULATION WITH THE PROGRAMME OF SMALL DONATIONS IN NICARAGUA In 2013, the FP in Nicaragua formalized its partnership with the “Small Grants Programme” (SGP - GEF/UNDP), to advance in the definition of a new work model for the SGP, relying on tools and approaches that aim at increasing the interventions’ impact and the role of LRGs in territorial human development.

As a result, the coherence between local initiatives and national development planning has been increased, thanks to the participation of national authorities, local actors and communities in identifying opportunities and formulating proposals at the territorial level.

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The process has contributed to defining a coordinated work agenda in three areas of Nicaragua, and has benefited from the technical/methodological support of the ART Initiative. A methodological guide has also been elaborated, to identify local initiatives to be presented to the calls for proposals launched by PSD. As well, common bases for the definition of a joint framework for action —from a territorial perspective— have been defined.

2. Local Governance and Local Development

COLOMBIA/NARIÑO’S EXPERIENCE: ADVANCING SHD AND PEACEBUILDING FROM A TERRITORIAL PERSPECTIVE Nariño’s Department five-year experience shows how through strong local ownership and the coordinated efforts of all national and international development actors, the driving forces of SHD can be consolidated to increase cohesion and achieve peacebuilding at the local level.

With the commitment and involvement of Nariño’s department and Pasto’s municipality, the participation of local social, ethnic and community actors, and the support of multiple development partners such as UNDP trough the ART Initiative and the REDES programme, and decentralized and bilateral cooperation partners, Nariño has adopted and localized the proposed frameworks of multilevel governance and territorial development. These systems and their mechanisms (such as the Working Groups) are promoting dialogue, articulating actors and to making their strategies converge towards local needs and priorities.This experience has become even more relevant in 2013, as the peace process has gained momentum and reached a turning point. They have allowed Nariño —together with many social and economic stakeholders—, to formulate and implement an integral and transformative political, social, economic, cultural and peacebuilding agenda at the local level, therefore also achieving a more effective and targeted response to local challenges. Processes of LGLD and territorial development elements have been crucial to implementing

a territorial approach that articulates the local, national and international Nariño’s experience shows how dimensions to enhance development SHD and peacebuilding can be planning, facilitate dialogue and cohesion addressed in an innovative way, among territories; they also generate from a territorial perspective. mechanisms to boost local economic development.

The process has resulted in the promotion of innovative and transforming synergies that combine elements of territorial development, LGLD and peacebuilding. Nariño is now endowed with a number of local development and peacebuilding processes that generate more structured, coherent and strategic dynamics for change. Owing to the concrete results obtained, local and national actors have acknowledged this experience as a good practice, making Nariño an example for the rest of Colombia. What is more, ART REDES has been instrumental in managing programmes and resources, achieving a significant multiplier effect. In 2013, this unique experience was documented in a thorough systematization.21.

THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM IN ECUADOR The Territorial Development Platform (TDP), established with the support of the FP in Ecuador, is part of a vast network of programmes and local development interventions carried out by UNDP in the Latin American and Caribbean region. It is also part of ART’s vast network of DC partners and of the Initiative’s global services for territorial economic development.

The TDP offers its support to Territorial Human development, contributing to the interventions’ coherence, to their territorial approach and to the coordination between development actors and local institutions. It also offers technical assistance and methodological transfers to other UNDP initiatives, allowing the establishment of multilevel governance processes and mechanisms and instruments for participative planning.

In 2013, UNDP Ecuador adopted the Territorial Development Platform (TDP) to facilitate the interventions in the territories, acknowledging the ART FP as the most effective

2. Local Governance and Local Development

vehicle for the TDP and as its methodological backbone. With the support of the networks created in the framework of the FP in Ecuador, the TDP will promote an integral, territorial and multilevel approach to LGLD, within UNDP’s interventions, projects and programmes that aim at promoting SHD in the territories. In doing so, the FP in Ecuador has pushed forward the methodological transfer of successful practices, effectively mainstreaming the territorial development approach through the TDP strategy. In fact, the TDP corresponds to UNDP’s Corporate Strategy on LGLD, which will be rolled out in 2014; as a result, the TDP will be the platform used by UNDP in Ecuador to channel its work in the territories and to articulate its interventions at the local level, providing, by the same token, a framework of reference for the various projects implemented

by UNDP in various areas of the country.

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(Brazil, Foz do Iguaço, 29 October – 1 November 2013)

THE II WORLD FORUM ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT II WORLD FORUM ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: FAST FACTS Co-organizers: 6 Participating UN agencies: 6 Number of participants: 4,300 Number of participating countries: 67 Number of plenary sessions: 3 Number of panels: 44

Organized by ITAIPU’s Technological Park, the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (SEBRAE), UCLG, FAMSI, ORU FOGAR and UNDP through the ART Initiative, the second World Forum on LED gathered the staggering number of over 4,300 representatives of national authorities, LRGs, universities, international cooperation associations, multilateral organizations, the private sector and civil society organizations from 67 countries22.

OBJECTIVES The objective of the Forum was to facilitate dialogue among representatives of national governments, local authorities and international cooperation partners, as well as between private and public enterprises, to discuss strategies and policies for an effective and inclusive LED. It was also aimed at fostering partnerships, identifying projects and facilitating SouthSouth and DC agreements between participants, as a means to gather, share and replicate good practices in LED and to contribute to the construction of more solid, inclusive, and localized LED policies.

HIGHLIGHTS Participants emphasized that LED The two World Forums on LED has become an important element have generated unprecedented of sustainable development, key to exposure and global dialogue the strategies that are to respond to around LED, and proposals long-term challenges and address the main bottlenecks of development. for a more permanent global To maximize LED’s potential coordinating mechanism on LED. and sustain its results, participants found that a territorial approach to development works best, that capacity reinforcement is a basic prerequisite, and that a consistent articulation between the local and national levels is a must. Indeed, giving more importance to the local dimension was seen as a requirement for a truly human and inclusive LED, where communities participate in the design of

34 ART - 2013 in Review

policies and in their implementation, through a bottomup approach that incorporates gender equality and youth inclusion as cross-cutting elements.

The second World Forum on LED concluded with a final declaration entitled “Dialogue Between Territories” whose three main recommendations are: • Participants call on national governments to promote decentralized public policies on LED as a means to improve living conditions in the territories.

• Participants acknowledge the fundamental role of local and regional governments in the implementation of development strategies and call on promoting their capacities.

• Participants acknowledge that LED strategies are based on public policies, and commit themselves to develop efficient and innovative instruments to implement LED policies in the territories..

RESULTS The Forums, as an ongoing process that promotes global dialogue on LED, are improving harmonization between the UN, LRGs, the private sector and civil society on LED issues, and generating more partnerships; this will eventually allow to better inform the global development agenda, in particular in relation to the new development framework. This endeavor is also crucial to advocate for the inclusion of LED in international events, therefore “making the case” for LED in the post-2015 agenda, as a key process that

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can contribute to its means of implementation. The Forums have also contributed to establishing a clear link between the practices on the ground and the global debates on LED, as well as to promoting exchanges of good practices and innovative experiences.

As a result of the processes unleashed in the first and second Forums, several key organizations (which include UNDP, ILO, UNCDF, UNWOMEN, UCLG, FOGAR, CLGF, FMDV, FAMSI, SEABRAE, ITAIPU, etc.) have agreed to launch a coordination mechanism to promote better coordination between different actors and more harmonization of LED interventions at the local and international level. The coordination mechanism will also facilitate the post-Forum process, allowing key institutional stakeholders to continue their cooperation for the promotion of LED. This will contribute to harmonizing LED policies and push forward concrete country-based interventions.

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3. LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Although the focus on LED is not new, today there is a pressing demand to explore the different models of LED and scale up best practices. For instance, LED was identified as a key concern for LRGs in the Cardiff consensus (2011)23, and in the same year, the first World Forum of Local José Fortunati, Mayor of Porto Alegre-Brazil, Treasurer Development Agencies in Seville of FMDV and President of the Brazilian Mayor’s raised attention to the need to Association (FNP) better link local, sub-national and national governments, and advance territorial development “How to reconcile governance strategies. In 2013, the role strategies and local economic of LRGs in the post-2015 development is one of the biggest development agenda was further emphasized in the Kampala challenge that we have to face” Declaration24 and the Munyono Carmelita Namashulua, Minister of State Statement.

The second World Administration, Mozambique LED Forum of LED followed in the same year in Foz de Iguaçu, generating unprecedented exposure and global dialogue around LED and proposals for a more permanent global coordinating mechanism on LED. Along the same lines, the ART Initiative understands LED as a means to achieve SHD at the local level, to increase people’s opportunities through the

“A key factor of LED is the the population’s democratic participation: without local participation there cannot be real development. No one better than the local population can make decisions on the future of their own area.”

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development of their territories and communities. The framework, mechanisms and methodology put at the disposal of the territories by UNDP have facilitated the implementation of balanced and inclusive LED strategies that have often transcended territorial and even national results.

To promote and support a sustainable and inclusive LED, the Initiative follows an innovative, integrated and multidisciplinary approach. While it adopts solutions that are put in practice, and felt, at the local level, the results feed into the policy discussions at the international level, namely by adopting LED as a means of implementing the post-2015 agenda.

In line with its territorial approach to development and its LGLD-specific focus, the Initiative and its partners support the territories in the definition of their own economic development strategies, based on the endogenous potentialities, resources and needs. Therefore, ART has contributed to appraising the LRGs’ know-how and experiences in LED as an important resource for development cooperation, such as the knowledge of small and medium enterprises in territorial marketing maps, value chains, territorial agreements, guarantee funds, technical and technological innovations in the creation of enterprises and so forth. These are but a few examples on how LED has been articulated with the strategic potential of the territorial approach.

Notes info page xx

UNDP promotes LED as a strategically planned, locally driven partnership approach

LED AS A ‘MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION’ OF THE POST-2015 DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK Multiple country experiences with LED offer extensive guidance to implement the post-2015 global development agenda. The notion of “means of implementation” of the Post-2015 agenda refers to an interdependent mix of financial resources, capacity building, new and existing governance structures, technology development and transfer, national policy frameworks, and other key enabling factors required to implement the new agenda25.

In this context, LED stands out as an economic governance toolkit with a wealth of practical experiences from diverse country contexts. Experiences with the MDGs showed that local governments are essential actors in providing basic service delivery and achieving goals on poverty, hunger, water, sanitation, education, and health care. Moreover, LED has proven useful in addressing the neglected areas of the MDGs, such as focusing on promoting good governance and reinforcing institutions, integrating the economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainable development, and reaching the most excluded people through inclusive growth and job creation26.

During the side event of the seventh session of the OWG on SDG in New York, participants concluded that LED is critical for implementing the post-2015 agenda:

CRITICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE POST-2015 AGENDA, THE LED APPROACH27 INTEGRATES SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIROMENTAL DIMENSIONS. Whereas conventional, often ad-hoc economic development frequently takes place at the expense of the local environment and vulnerable groups, LED calls for strategic, comprehensive territorial planning that prioritizes social environmental objectives and manages consumption and production patterns PROVIDES AN EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE. LED calls for good governance that harnesses the ingenuity and dynamism of the private sector and the oversight role of civil society. LED experiences worldwide often hinge on innovative governance tructure that affirm the need for strong, decentralized local government embedded in strongly coordinate multi-level governance system.

FOCUSES ON ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AND JOB CREATION. The promotion and support of local businesses han in sense been the « core business » of LED, including the support for the analisys of product value chains and clusters, the formulation of business plans, and entrepreneurship training.

PRIORITIZES SOCIAL INCLUSION, WOMEN´S EMPOWERMENT, AND PEACE AND STABILITY. LED is essentially about dispersing economic development geographically and generating sustainable economic opportunities for all people, including women, indigenous people, youth, ethnic minorities and other vulnerable groups regardles of where they live. LED has also demostrated its utility in promoting peace and social reconstruction in the aftermath of conflict by revitalizing economic activities and job creation.

OPERATES ON A FUNCTIONAL SCALE FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELPMENT. LED poromotes territorial-scale development, where a territory is large enough to have sufficient economic resources and institutional capacity to sustain endogenous growth, but small enough for real democratic participation. Territorial development takes into account the strong independence among cities, peri-urban, ando rural enviroments.

FACILITATES INNOVATIVE FINANCE. LED advocates for strong local governments that, beyond service delivery, fully exersice their mandate to govern, including by steering local economic development and raising local revenue.

LED also ancourages decentralized cooperation, where local governments developing countries benefit from thcnical and financial assistance from local counterparts in developed countries.

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ALBANIA: LEDAS SUPPORTING LED SINCE 2003 The ART GOLD 2 Albania programme supports the Local Economic Development Agencies in Vlora (AULEDA)29 and Shkodra (TEULEDA) particularly through capacity building and advocacy at the national and international level. AULEDA was established through the United Nations assistance to Albania in 2003 and since then, through the support of ART GOLD 2 Albania30, has grown into a lead partner for territorial development actions. AULEDA has firmly established itself as a quality player especially in the regional context, as a local development agency, striving to reach standards of LED agencies in the EU member state countries. In 2013, through the programme’s support, AULEDA managed to increase

access to EU cross-border funding instruments as well as national YUNUS Social Business programme funds. ART GOLD 2 Albania also facilitated cooperation between AULEDA, the Municipality of Vlora and decentralized cooperation partners such as French and Italian regions in support of economic development actions, among which two initiatives with the region of Friuli Venezia (Italy), which have taken shape in 2013 and will be fully rolled-out in 2014.

NICARAGUA: PROMOTING PUBLIC - PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AT THE TERRITORIAL LEVEL In collaboration with the Superior Council of Private Enterprises, the Nicaragua FP has been defining a strategy —at the national level— that will promote public-private partnerships at the territorial level, taking the Human Development National Plan as a reference.

The strategy aims at favoring public-private linkages for Local Human Development, the integration of Small and Medium Enterprises, and the establishment of a model of Solidary Social Economy in human development processes.

As well, it seeks to promote innovation and technological transfers in LED processes. By doing so, the Nicaragua FP seeks to support the Government’s endeavor to incorporate the private sector in the efforts to achieve SHD.

This process will contribute to setting in motion publicprivate dialogue and concertation spaces at the local level and to generating decent employment and reducing inequalities.

ILS LEDA (International Links and Services for Local Economic Development Agencies) has long been a key partner of the ART Initiative for the promotion of LED. Aimed at supporting local, national and international organizations to enhance territorial economies for a fair and inclusive SHD28, ILS LEDA offers its technical assistance to ART Country Programmes, supporting the establishment of LEDAs, the systematization of experiences, knowledge sharing, and the dissemination of LED good practices generated in the countries. For instance, ILS LEDA is closely collaborating with the European Association of Development Agencies (EURADA), which enjoys a membership of over 130 Regional Development Agencies from across the EU. EURADA keeps its members up to date with EU policy developments and provides briefings on critical issues such as state aid rules. It alerts members to funding and contract opportunities and facilitates establishing and maintaining partnerships; as well, it lobbies and briefs the EC on behalf of its members and keeps a highly effective communications network.effective communications network.

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3. Local Economic Development

CUBA: PIONEERING CREDIT SCHEMES FOR LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Local Human Development Programme (PHDL) was active in Cuba from 1998 to 2012; the Programme paved the way to the ART Initiative as it is today, becoming the precursor of many of its instruments. Born of a joint Government –UNDP strategy to promote the coordinated action of international cooperation in support of the development processes prioritized by the country, PHDL was key to increasing the strategic role of local governments and influencing LED processes. The Programme facilitated the continuous exchange of experiences between local authorities from the North and the South, becoming a laboratory to stimulate innovative mechanisms and instruments for LED. Two such examples are FRIDEL (Rotational Fund for LED Initiatives), LED activities for the Office of the City’s Historian in the Old Havana.

FRIDEL is a credit mechanism for municipal and provincial economic actors aimed at supporting them in developing their own business plans, improving productivity and work organization, and generating professional alternatives favorable to vulnerable groups while fostering gender equality.

FRIDEL also promoted concertation processes, with the participation of several national institutions and local actors.

Through FRIDEL, funds were distributed through low-interest credits in sectors such as the transformation of the sugar industry and productive diversification in forestry, fisheries, agriculture and tourism. FRIDEL hence became a reference

3. Local Economic Development

programme for the Ministry of Economy and Planning, particularly in its decision to implement a “Municipal Local Development Initiative”.

As regards the Office of the City’s Historian, PHDL supported and promoted the use of rotational credits within the urban cooperatives that participate in the Integral Rehabilitation Project of the Historical Center. The cooperatives support the restoration and conservation of historical architectural elements such as stained glass windows, for example in schools. Furthermore, the initiative focused on extending the partnership base through economic initiatives at the local level, including innovative non-governmental management methods.

These innovative experiences constitute the basis of the current deliberations as to how to stimulate LED in the country, as they have become one of the key references for the Ministry of Economy in launching the national policy on credits at the local level. In 2013, two systematization documents gathering the best practices generated by the Programme were published 31 32.

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SPOTLIGHT ON LATIN AMERICA

TEN YEARS OF PROMOTING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The ART Initiative sets in motion territorial instruments that foster local/national/global articulation, and as such, LEDAs articulate territorial potentialities and priorities with national policies and global opportunities. These territorial instruments, adapted to the different realities of countries, have time and again shown their potential and sustainability. Operational in Latin America for more than a decade, they have had a tangible impact on LED processes, strategies and policies. They constitute one of UNDP ART’s most significant “thematic best practices”, as the initiatives have gone beyond local results and achieved a regional influence that has transcended political and geographic borders, as shown in the II World Forum on Local Economic Development held in Foz de Iguazu (Brazil) in October 2013.

UNDP’s approach in Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador and Uruguay, carried out through ART’s FPs and strategically supported by the Regional Service Centers, showcases how long-term LED results that are felt at the local, national and regional levels can be generated from the bottom up. The following examples will show how a territorial approach to LED can ultimately generate positive long-term, concrete and life-changing trends33.

The LED processes set in motion in Latin America through the various UNDP ART Framework Programmes attest to the Initiative’s capacity to translate UNDP’s LED approach and strategy —essentially viewed as a means to achieve SHD— into concrete results while also articulating these processes at the national, regional and international levels. In Latin America, these processes have transcended national borders and have been able to influence regional trends, maximizing their impact, improving ownership, and enhancing sustainability.

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IMPACT ON NATIONAL PUBLIC POLICIES In the Dominican Republic, in collaboration with the vice-Ministry of Small and Medium enterprises the ADELDOM (network of LEDAs of the Dominican Republic) network was promoted to manage and localize public polices related to SMEs. Thanks to these multiple alliances, more than 15 agreements with national entities have been made for the implementation of LED initiatives in the territories.

In relation to the milk value chain, ADELDOM organized the International Congress on Dairy Products to reinforce capacities in the management of the dairy chain. As a result, UNDP chose this experience as an example of good practice in South-South cooperation in Latin America.

Finally, as concerns the bee value chain, the Programme facilitated collaboration with the Milano Polytechnic University to support the pertinent territorial planning processes using geo-referencing methods.

This exercise allowed the LEDAs of these territories to manage credit funds for a total value of USD 700,000,which has prompted a nationwide reviewing of the relevant laws.

In El Salvador, in partnership with several key ministries (Ministry of Economy, the National Commission for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and the Ministry of Tourism, among other governmental entities), an agreement was reached to establish an inter-institutional committee for local economic development. The platform has become a mechanism for the articulation of national policies on economic and productive development, with a special focus on the territories and the promotion of LEDAs as key management tools.

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The Programme has also become the Government’s reference to articulate the strategy of public policies in the territories and to strengthen and create LEDAs as operational mechanisms that contribute to economic governance.

SUPPORT TO STRATEGIES ON TERRITORIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT In Bolivia, Tarija’s authorities requested UNDP’s ART to support and orient the elaboration of a publicprivate partnership to facilitate agreements and the prioritization process in relation to the Department’s productive sector. The Governorate and UNDP set in motion a productive development and employment generation strategy, establishing and strengthening a public-private space supported by Bolivia’s FP: the Departmental Working Group, also called « PrivatePublic Alliance for Tarija’s Productive Development », was established to plan a strategy agreed upon in a participatory way. The platform facilitates the articulation between local, departmental and national policies and among the various initiatives of private actors and civil society. The strategy is focused on several intertwined areas: support for the implementation of local development projects, territorial competitiveness and LED aimed at social cohesion, employment generation and poverty reduction, and support fora productive development and employment generation strategy with a focus on territorial planning and multilevel articulation at the local level34.

In Ecuador, the Programme supports the implementation of the national transformation policy for the productive sector at the territorial level, through the creation of an agro-industrial eco-park in the province of El Oro. UNDP is also coordinating

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the platform for the implementation of the joint project “Youth, Employment and Migration”, which has contributed to inclusive development through the generation of 1,134 entrepreneurship opportunities for youth (570 of which are led by women) and financial and non-financial assistance to 1,479 youth (of which 1,142 are young women). Eighteen local financial entities and three Local Economic Development Agencies were strengthened as part of this process so they can offer their services to local youth in the provinces of Carchi, El Oro and Loja.

Moreover, a system to support entrepreneurship and local economic development was developed. A key result of this strategy is the change from the National Programme of Popular Finances to the National Corporation of Popular and Solidary Finances, signaling a shift towards a more socially-sensitive, solidarity-based economic model, which has now become a national priority.

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES In Uruguay, a process is underway for the articulation among ten LEDAs, the national and departmental governments and the international level to promote LED. Indeed, LEDAs have been assuming a leading role in generating dialogue with national programmes and promoting active local participation in the implementation of territorial policies.

Likewise, the Network of Local Economic Agencies (RADEL) was reinforced in relation to knowledge management, local capacity strengthening, networking, and articulation of the territory’s public and private actors.

Over 2,400 persons have been trained in the framework of the RADEL, and ten national programmes and 75 projects are directly implemented by the agencies.

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42 ART - 2013 in Review

ART FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES WORLDWIDE Established at the request of Governments and contextualized to each particular local situation, in 2013 the ART Initiative was active in 22 countries, demonstrating how multiple and different actors can improve impact and sustainability using a common framework. Many of these first-generation ART Programmes are now informing new UNDP and Government initiatives (e.g. Morocco and Lebanon). Two new ART FPs have been initiated in Nicaragua and Tunisia (to be fully active in 2014) and ART’s expertise and methodologies are informing UNDP local governance and local development programmes (e.g. Burundi and Myanmar).

Following the natural life cycle of programmes (formulation consolidation, ownership), a number of FPs (PDHL Cuba, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Kosovo and MyDEL) were closed. Thanks to the leadership of national and local governments, ART’s legacy —approach, mechanisms, institutions and tools— was integrated within national and territorial development processes. In addition, the Initiative continues to facilitate networking for development through Decentralized, South-South and Triangular cooperation, promoting the added value of territorial partnerships and offering technical support on LGLD/LED issues.

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Operational ART Framework Programmes Links are provided to the 2013 Annual Reports and other relevant publications.

UNDP ART GOLD ALBANIA

UNDP ART REDES COLOMBIA

UNDP ART ECUADOR

UNDP ART GOLD LEBANON

Programme phase

Starting date

Programme phase

Starting date

Programme phase

Starting date

Programme phase

Starting date

Ownership / Institutionalization

2005

Ownership / Institutionalization

2005

Ownership/ Institutionalization Sustainability/Transfer

2007

Ownership/ Institutionalization Sustainability/Transfer

2007

Contacts

Contacts

Mr. Estevan Ikonomi Programme Officer ART GOLD 2 Albania estevan.ikonomi@undp.org

Ms Paloma Blanch Project Coordinator paloma.blanch@pnud.org.co

Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/687 d3efe3da642359432b4e2041394ff http://www.al.undp.org/content/albania/en/ home/operations/projects/environment_and_ energy/art-gold-2-albania-programme-.html

Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ acd29c2e06a84f4d9cb600513dfb3aff http://www.pnud.org.co/sitio.shtml?apc= aCa020031-&x=52378#.Uzwxe6iSwwo

Contacts

Contacts

Mr. Sergio Novas Chief Technical Advisor sergio.novas@undp.org

Ms. Marina Lo Giudice Chief Technical Advisor marina.logiudice@undp.org

Web links

Web links

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/52f4 7b6bf70f468c8df9ca3935b0d178

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/923 caeccb34740698a36f1077309c957

http://www.undp.org.ec/art/frontEnd/main.php

http://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/en/ home/operations/projects/poverty_reduction/ support-to-economic-recovery--communitysecurity-and-social-cohe.html

UNDP ART DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

UNDP ART EL SALVADOR

UNDP ART BOLIVIA

Programme phase

Starting date

Programme phase

Starting date

Programme phase

Starting date

2008

2008

Ownership / Institutionalization

2010

Consolidation

Ownership / Institutionalization

Contacts

Mr. Enrique Gallicchio Chief Technical Advisor enrique.gallicchio@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/8f e697ddf70e4b7a92ffedfa17f8fa00 http://art.pnud.bo/

Contacts

Contacts

Ms. Goranka Henegar Programme Coordinator goranka.henegar@undp.org

Ms. Aura Majano Programme Coordinator a.i. aura.majano@undp.org

Web links

Web links

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ dce6c71372e346b5b55e942b7a18e150

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ b59666f65f4f46bca96ce75f78045ddc

http://www.do.undp.org/content/dominican_ republic/es/home/operations/projects/ human_development/fomento-y-difusion-deldesarrollo-humano-en-republica-dominicana.html

http://www.sv.undp.org/

Programme phase

Starting date

Consolidation

2010

Contacts

Sidi Khalifa National Expert in Local Development sidi.khalifa@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ d2f26fa58abe4fc89befa830cc461e5b http://www.pnud.mr/artgold/

UNDP ART GABON Programme phase

Starting date

Ownership / Institutionalization

2006

UNDP Project of support to local governance in the perspective of an advanced regionalization in MOROCCO

Contacts

Programme phase

Starting date

Mr. Mactar Fall Chief Technical Advisor ART Gabon Programme mactar.fall@undp.org

Start

2013

Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/3d5 73462b0a44dca84571f4cffe9beb5 http://www.ga.undp.org/content/gabon/fr/ home/operations/projects/poverty_reduction/ art-gold.html 44 ART - 2013 in Review

UNDP ART MAURITANIA

Contacts

Mr. Bachir Mokrane Programme Advisor bachir.mokrane@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ f69f5289e8b04ae79c341e70582e366f http://www.ma.undp.org

UNDP LGLD programmes supported by ART UNDP ART PAPDEL MOZAMBIQUE Programme phase

Starting date

Ownership / Institutionalization

2008

Contacts

Mr. Iván Arizcurinaga Vásquez Chief Technical Advisor ivan.arizcurinaga@undp.com Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/3ba bca54b7bd4946b035081850d5dcb2

UNDP Community Recovery and Local Development BURUNDI

UNDP Social & Local Development Programme LEBANON

ART provides strategic, technical and partnershipbuilding support for the formulation and implementation of the Community Recovery and Human Development Programme at the local level. The Programme aims to develop an innovative approach by working in parallel on community recovery / peace-building and sustainable local development, building on the positive experience of the “3x6” approach developed and implemented by UNDP Burundi.

Programme phase

Contacts

Contacts

Programme phase

Ms. Marina Lo Giudice Chief Technical Advisor marina.logiudice@undp.org

Chritian Hainzl Team leader Local Governance christian.hainzl@undp.org

Web links

Web links

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/923 caeccb34740698a36f1077309c957

http://www.mm.undp.org/content/myanmar/ en/home/operations/projects/poverty_ reduction/LocalGovernancePillar1.html

Starting date

2013 Contacts

UNDP ART GOLD SENEGAL Programme phase

Starting date

Ownership / Institutionalization

2009

Contacts

Mr. Francis James UNDP Deputy Country Director francis.james@undp.org

Mr. Cristino Pedraza Chief Technical Advisor cristino.pedraza@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/0b2 9344eae7947b1808c39cd24d52f37 http://www.bi.undp.org

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ d07eb42a035945c2a96e0634f416afe0

UNDP Integrated Territorial Development Framework Programme CUBA

http://www.sn.undp.org/

Programme phase

Starting date

Formulation of a new phase

2014

Web links

UNDP ART URUGUAY Programme phase

Starting date

Ownership / Institutionalization

2011

Contacts

Ms. Virginia Varela Programme Analyst virginia.varela@undp.org

Contacts

Mr. Ricardo Núñez Fernández National Programme Officer ART PDHL Cuba ricardo.nunez@undp.org Web links

UNDOP Local Governance Programme MYANMAR In 2014 ART will support UNDP Myanmar in strengthening local governments and LGLD processes by setting up territorial partnerships with European (Italian) LRGs.

Start-up Starting date

Social & Local Development Programme 2014

http://www.lb.undp.org/content/lebanon/en/ home/operations/projects/poverty_reduction/ support-to-economic-recovery--communitysecurity-and-social-cohe.html

Programme phase

Starting date

2014

UNDP Project of support to local governance in the perspective of an advanced regionalization in MOROCCO Programme phase

Starting date

Start

2013

Contacts

Mr Bachir Mokrane Programme Advisor bachir.mokrane@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/ f69f5289e8b04ae79c341e70582e366f http://www.ma.undp.org

Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/83c 029e87f5343a3ae21eae6c2c64ec7 http://arturuguay.org.uy/

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New ART Framework Programmes

Closed ART Framework Programmes

UNDP ART NICARAGUA

UNDP ART PDHL CUBA

UNDP ART GOLD KOSOVO

UNDP ART SRI LANKA

Programme phase

Starting date

Starting date

Starting date

Srting date

Start-up

2013

2004

2008

2006

Contacts

Contacts

Mr. Ricardo Núñez Fernández National Programme Officer ART PDHL Cuba ricardo.nunez@undp.org

Ms. Steliana Nedera UNDP Deputy Resident Representative steliana.nedera@undp.org

Web links

Web links

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/62b 3a8df7043431fa3a9e22a74be5b4e

https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/66c 74009158249c0a4f922a374aaebc4

http://www.cu.undp.org/content/cuba/ es/home/ourwork/humandevelopment/ Panorama.html

http://www.ks.undp.org

Contacts

Mr. Julio Portieles Chief Technical Advisor julio.portieles@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/752 51db9566547039fb877d5bef491d1 http://www.undp.org.ni/

UNDP ART TUNISIA Programme phase

Starting date

Formulated

2014

Contacts

Selomey Yamadjako Deputy Resident Representative selomey.yamadjako@undp.org Web links

UNDP ART INDONESIA Starting date

Starting date

2008

2005

Contacts

Contacts

Ms Nurina Widagdo Team Leader - Head of Democratic Governance and Poverty Reduction Unit (DGPRU) nurina.widagdo@undp.org

Mr. Giovanni Camilleri International Coordinator giovanni.camilleri@undp.org

Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/184 233ef793b47c4a5b726fbfa7188ac http://www.id.undp.org/

46 ART - 2013 in Review

UNDP ART MYDEL (EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA)

Web links http://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/92c7 21d2fb7140ce83f1946adaf371e4

Contacts

Mr. Rajendrakumar Ganesarajah Assistant Country Director Governance for Empowerment and Social Inclusion (GESI) rajendrakumar.ganesarajah@undp.org Web links https://issuu.com/artpublications/stacks/22e 600b53ce348b6b8957ab350b2a3a9 http://www.lk.undp.org

UNDP ART DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

UNDP ART GOLD KOSOVO

UNDP Integrated Territorial Development Framework Programme CUBA

UNDP ART NICARAGUA

Local Governance Programme MYANMAR

UNDP ART GOLD ALBANIA UNDP ART TUNISIA UNDP ART GOLD MOROCCO

UNDP Social & Local Development Programme LEBANON

UNDP ART MYDEL (EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA) UNDP Community Recovery And Local Development BURUNDI

UNDP ART REDES COLOMBIA

UNDP ART EL SALVADOR UNDP ART ECUADOR

UNDP ART BOLIVIA

UNDP ART PAPDEL MOZAMBIQUE

UNDP ART GOLD SENEGAL

UNDP ART MAURITANIA

UNDP ART URUGUAY

UNDP ART GABON

UNDP ART SRI LANKA

UNDP ART INSONESIA

ART - 2013 in Review

47

48 ART - 2013 in Review

ART IN NUMBERS The distribution of total expenditures for 2013 was funded with bilateral contributions, Decentralized Cooperation and Trust Fund Extra-budgetary resources. Allocations/expenditures can be grouped in three major categories:

Knowledge sharing 7%

10%

Coordination/Monitoring/ Evaluation

9%

Partnerships and resource mobilization

32%

TF Expenditures 2013

74% Development results

THE TRUST FUND FOR INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS (ART INITIATIVE) There are two measures of Trust Fund operations: the annual cash flow operations and the accumulated balances at the UNDP CO programme implementation levels.

Income in the TF

39%

The 2013 cash flow operations of the Trust Fund are a measure of income, internal transfers to the UNDP COs and expenditures in support of international/global/regional/ countries’ new programmes activates. In 2013, the cash flow operations amounts to a total of USD 8,641,484

In addition to resources allocated by the UNDP Geneva Trust Fund, the Programmes successfully leveraged additional funding from the following sources: National Governments, European Commission, Decentralized Cooperation Actors, UNDP Country Offices, private sector bodies and civil society organizations.

Taking all these figures into account, during 2013 the UNDP COs programmes have executed within the ART programme framework a total of USD 18,575,522.

29% Transfers to UNDC CO’s

15.000.000

10.000.000

5.000.000

72%

28%

44%

Contributions UNDP ART TF Leveraged outside the Allocations Value UNDP TF ART - 2013 in Review

49

LOOKING ON: 2014, THE WAY FORWARD For ten years now, the ART Initiative has been anchoring its interventionson a territorial approach to development, which is now acknowledged as crucial to push forward the necessary changes to achieve SHD within the new post2015 development framework. In this regard, the year 2014 will be a watershed for the development landscape: the ongoing debates and consultations will gradually shift their focus to determine how they can be ‘localized’ —that is, how these processes will take place at the local level— and ‘how’ the new development goals (SDGs) will be implemented —that is, the means of implementation.

It is there that the sub-national level (LRGs and local governance stakeholders) will be decisive to the overall process. Furthermore, as underscored in the second World Forum on Local Economic Development, LRGs and inclusive territorial processes need to be further strengthened to better promote SHD at the local level.

ART, with its recognized experience in territorial development and its first-hand knowledge of, and linkages with the territorial level, can significantly contribute to this process while also facilitating the involvement of LRGs in the definition, implementation and localization of the new set of development goals and architecture.

2014 will be significant at the local level: the means to localize results and implement development goals will have to be defined, for development will not happen unless its impact is felt at the local level. To do so, the ART Initiative will continue striving to establish territorial platforms that facilitate localization and ensure that the territories’ development becomes an integral part of national and global development strategies. The local

The ART Initiative will continue striving to establish territorial platforms that facilitate localization and ensure that the territories’ development becomes an integral part of national and global development strategies

50 ART - 2013 in Review

level will be key to ensure that the SDGs are understood and supported by citizens, communities and the territories’ social and economic actors —and therefore, by local authorities as well.

To bring about this contribution, in 2014 ART will aim to capitalize and mainstream its added value in relation to its participatory mechanisms and to its signature cooperation modalities —Decentralized Cooperation and SSTC. In this sense, the ART Initiative has the potential to scale-up and share its mechanisms, tested and implemented through the FPs, by articulating them within and through UNDP and putting them at the disposal of a wider community of development partners. As well, ART can contribute to opening the door to a more systematic and mainstreamed inclusion of DC partners in UNDP’s local development corporate strategies. This is so because DC partners provide an opportunity to work on common goals from a “peer-topeer” perspective; they also bring in their experience of the local level to make development processes work at the territorial level —therefore localizing them. Indeed, DC cooperation, which has always been one of the Initiative’s backbones, has now become part of the “how” development goals can be achieved. As such, ART will seek to consolidate the DC modality so it can be positioned as part of UNDP’s corporate processes through mechanisms that allow UNDP to use DC as an instrument to push forward these policies within the multilateral sphere.

ART’s mechanisms, approach and territorial processes, the local-national-global linkages that it has promoted, and its signature focus —the local level— will therefore be put at the disposal of countries and development partners. They will also be an intrinsic part of UNDP’s LGLD strategy (within the 2014–2017 SP), and will represent ART’s concrete contribution towards the post-2015 agenda.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ART’S CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 1. http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/dcf/ index.shtml 2. http://www.rabat2013.uclg.org/thesummit/2013-world-summit 3. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/2013_art_measuring_ cooperation_effe 4. http://europe.undp.org/content/ geneva/en/home/presscenter/ articles/2013/12/29/measuringdevelopment-cooperationeffectiveness-at-the-local-level/ 5. http://www.beyond2015.org/openworking-group-sdgs 6. http://sustainabledevelopment. un.org/index.php?menu=1679 7. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/draft_summary_and_ conclusions_of_le ART’S STRATEGIC FOCUSES IN 2013 8. http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/ what/civil-society/documents/ com_2013_280_local_authorities_in_ partner_countries_en.pdf

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THE FRENCH MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND UNDP PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH THE ART INITIATIVE

16. http://www.aujourdhui.ma/ une/oriental/deux-decennies-decooperation-les-champenois-auservice-de-l-oriental-101262#.

Uzle79w6HwJ

9. http://www.diplomatie.gouv. fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-lafrance/action-exterieure-des/atlasfrancais-de-la-cooperation/article/ presentation-de-l-atlas-francais

17. www.felcos.it

and https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv. fr/cncdext/dyn/public/atlas/ accesMonde.html 10. http://www.afd.fr/lang/en/home/ AFD/nospartenaires/Cooperation_ decentralisee/strategie_collectivites/cncd 11. http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/ action-exterieure-des/appels-a-projetset-fonds-en/appel-a-projets-pnud 12. http://www.arf.asso.fr I. INNOVATIVE PARTNERSHIPS 13. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/study_effective_ddc_undesa 14. http://ssc.undp.org/content/ssc/ about/faq.html 15. https://www.cr-champagneardenne.fr/Actions/europe_ international/cooperation/Pages/ actions_de_cooperation.aspx

18. http://arabstates.undp.org/ content/rbas/en/home/presscenter/ articles/2010/11/15/lebanon-hoststhe-fourth-mediterranean-beekeepingforum-/ GLOBAL WATER SOLIDARITY (GWS) AND ART: BUILDING SYNERGIES FOR WATER 19. http://web.undp.org/french/ geneva/watersolidarity/ II. LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT 20. http://issuu.com/pnudartbolivia/ docs/2013_-_consejo_sectorial_ cartilla 21. https://issuu.com/artpublications

THE SECOND WORLD FORUM ON LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (Brazil, Foz do Iguaço, 29 October – 1 November 2013)

30. http://www.al.undp.org/content/ albania/en/home/operations/ projects/environment_and_energy/artgold-2-albania-programme-.html

22. http://www.foromundialdel.org/ video-del-ii-foro-mundial-de-desarrolloeconomico-local/

31. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/c__mo_se_logr___el_pdhl__ para_ofici

III. LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

32. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/intercambio__articulaci__n_y_ aprend

23. http://www.clgf.org.uk/ userfiles/1/files/Cardiff%20 consensus%202011.pdf

TEN YEARS OF PROMOTING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

24. http://www.clgc2013.org/ userfiles/1/file/Kampala%20 declaration%20%2B%20 Munyonyo%20statement.pdf 25. TST Issues Brief: Means of Implementation; Global Partnership for Achieving Sustainable Development 26. The Report of the High Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda, Executive Summary, United Nations 2013.

SPOTLIGHT ON LATIN AMERICA 33. For more information and the full text of the report “The ART Initiative and Local Economic Development: Successful experiences in Latin America”: http://issuu.com/ artpublications/docs/art_led_-_ingl 34. http://issuu.com/pnudartbolivia/ docs/tarija_2025

27. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/draft_summary_and_ conclusions_of_le 28. http://www.ilsleda.org 29. http://issuu.com/artpublications/ docs/ps_vlora_eng_final_r

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To the national and local governments, organizations, institutions, networks of civil society and local governments (complete list of partners inside the cover) for their active commitment and support to the Sustainable Human Development processes carried out at the local, national and international levels.

To UNDP ART Initiative donors for their contributions and support forthe Initiative, and to the Country Framework Programmes worldwide.

To the UNDP Country teams, the Bureau of External Relations and Advocacy, the Bureau for Development Policy, and the Regional Bureaus and Service Centers.

To the United Nations agencies that collaborate with the ART Initiative: FAO, ILO, UNMC, UNDCF, UNICEF, UNDESA, UN WOMEN, UNHCR, UN HABITAT, UN MDG-FUND, UNFPA, UNRIC, UNV, WFP and WHO..