مدينة الزهراء في قرطبة بين الإزدهار والإنهيار كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صحيفة صنعاء نيوز

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‫ﻣﺩﻳﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺭﻁﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻬﻳﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ‪­02 ,‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ­‪2018‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪/‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺒﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ 8 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ,‬ﻏﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ , ‬ﺗﻘﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ,‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ‬ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ‪ ‬ﻻﺑﺮﺍﺯ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﷲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪929 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪961 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺒﻨﺎء‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪936 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮﻑ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪ ‬ﻗﺼﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﻄﺘﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻴﻦ‪ , ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ . ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺐ‪ ‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻘﻄﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪1019 ‬ﻡ‪ , ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺪﺷﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ 1910‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺜﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺧﺒﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ‪ ‬ﺭﻳﻜﺎﺭﺩﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻼﺳﻜﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻜﻮ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‪ %10 ‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪2009 ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺼﺎﻟﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ‬ﺑﺼﺎﻟﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺍﺭ‪ ,‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1923 ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻋﻼﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻁﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻛﻤﻌﻠﻢ‪ ‬ﺛﺮﺍﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﺫﻭ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺃﺛﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ ,‬ﺫﻭ‪ ‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪1.515‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ x 745 ‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‪ 1,15 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‪ ‬ﻗﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ , ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ 800 ‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻁﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺤﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪9 ‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

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