الإمبراطورية البرتغالية بين الأوج والأفول, كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صنعاء نيوز

‫‪15/2/2018‬‬

‫‪www.sanaanews.net/print.php?id=58166‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻣﺑﺭﺍﻁﻭﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺗﻐﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﺝ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‪­15 ,‬ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ­‪2018‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪ /‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺟﺰء‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﻐﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺧﻀﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪500 ‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎء‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺮ‪ ‬ﻗﻠﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ,1249 ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻄﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻻﺭﺙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺤﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺎﻭﻳﺮﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺭﻭ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺛﻨﺎء‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻔﺶ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ,‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ , 2004 ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺤﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻧﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﻳﺎﻧﺔ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﺗﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺤﺮﺍﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ‪ 1000 ‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎء‪ ‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﻏﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﺒﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻳﺒﻴﺮﻳﺔ‪ , ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﺔ‪92090 ‬‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ , ‬ﺍﻣﺘﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺘﺪ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ 60 ‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﺯﻳﻞ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ,1501 ‬ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1419 ‬ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1580 ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﻈﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻳﺒﻴﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻏﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﻏﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻴﻂ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻁﻠﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﻀﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻛﺒﺮ‪ %85 ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺘﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‪ 14,9% ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺌﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺟﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻭﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺟﺰﺍء‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ‪ , ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭﺍ‪ ‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪http://www.sanaanews.net/print.php?id=58166‬‬

‫‪15/2/2018‬‬

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‫‪ ,‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻻﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻼﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺳﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺿﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1506 ‬ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺳﺘﺎﻭ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﻧﺴﻮ‪ ‬ﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺃﻟﺒﺮﻛﻴﺮﻙ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺳﻘﻄﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪1507‬ﻭﺭﺣﻠﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1511 ‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺘﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1513 ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﻠﻮﺍ‪ , ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻁﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺳﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻠﺖ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪﺁﻻﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺮﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺪﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺩﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﺪﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ 1640‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻅﻬﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺮﺿﺖ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ‪ ‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﺃﺩﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﻁﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‪ ,‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻁﻠﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪ ‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻟﺰﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 1 ‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ‪ 1755 ‬ﺍﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‪ 90000 ‬ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ‬ﺍﻱ‪ ‬ﻧﺼﻒ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﺩ‪ ‬ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‪ 10000 ‬ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ‬ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‪ ‬ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‪ 50000 ‬ﺷﺨﺺ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪ ‬ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‪ ,‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﺩﺋﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺘﺄﻣﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺂﺛﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻏﻴﺮﻭﺍ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺳﻜﻮ‪ ‬ﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﺎ‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﺮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻧﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺟﻼﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﻀﻴﻖ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺟﻼﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺇﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻈﻤﺖ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﺴﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻻﻣﺤﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻻﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﺰء‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖ‪ ‬ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ‪­15 ,‬ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ­‪ 2018‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ 07:58 :‬ﺹ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ‪http://www.sanaanews.net/news­58166.htm :‬‬

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