2.6 Theoretical Framework

Coastal management should be based on future projected occurrences and problems (climate change, sea-level rise, and their expected impacts on the coastal zone). The recommended solution for Byron Shire can be established by examining the existing methods in Byron Bay and the Protection Strategies. This is vital to know since understanding what strategy is best used at Byron Shire requires an understanding of what is already in place. The planning strategies studies are only for the coast to fight SLR. How do best practices for protection compare to existing strategies, as well as an assessment of adaptation policy alternatives and strategies to address the concerns (evaluating different adaptation and mitigation options), and the most effective and sustainable options for implementation in Byron Bay? This judgement is based on Byron Shire’s existing development conditions and natural coastline characteristics (Boateng 2008). Through the strategies written above 3 principles are identified that need to be met for a successful protection strategy for the coastline.

3 Key principles were identified

1. Reduces Environmental Damage

2. Can Withstand External Forces

3. Allows for Community Activities

1. Reduces Environmental Damage

One of the concepts is to reduce environmental harm since coasts have natural ecosystems and ecology that are vital to the environment and must be conserved in their natural state. Coastal processes are constantly dynamic and in flux; hence, working with natural processes rather than against them, and respecting them, will make our activities more environmentally sustainable and economically rewarding for a longer period of time (Mckenna & Cooper 2008).

2. Can Withstand External Forces

The rising sea level is causing coastal retreat, as well as water invading and eroding land features. When combined with storm surges, it can cause significant damage to life and property. As a result, the type of protection must be able to endure external forces for a longer period of time (Labuz 2015).

3. Allows for Community Activities

Many Australians love to spend their leisure time at the beach. Given its care for the coast, Australia may be expected to be at the forefront of coastal tourism development and coastal protection. SLR may have a substantial influence on tourism and recreation by affecting landscapes (e.g., beaches), cultural aspects (e.g., Marzeion and Levermann, 2014; Fang et al., 2016; IPCC, n.d.), and important transportation infrastructures such as ports and airports (Monioudi et al., 2018; IPCC, n.d.). As a result, it is critical to ensure that the coast is protected in a way that does not interfere with the region’s recreational activities.