Sankalpna by गुर्रमकोंडा नीरजा

ladYiuk

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_"kHknso 'kekZ xqjeZ dksM a k uhjtk 2@ ladYiuk 2@la

ladYiuk ¼vkykspuk½ © _"kHknso 'kekZ] xqjeZ dksM a k uhjtk vkbZ , lch,u& 978 -93 -84068 - 21 - 9

SANKALPANA by Rishabha Deo Sharma & Gurramkonda Neeraja (ed.)

Criticism çdk'kd ifjys[k çdk'ku okfy;k ekdsVZ ] fudV lkgw tSu dkWyt s ] &246763] dksrokyh ekxZ] uthckckn&246763] fctukSj ¼m-ç½ eks - &09897742814] 09838120022 forjd Jhlkfgrh çdk'ku 303] es/kk VkWolZ] jk/kk—".k uxj] 500048 vÙkkiqj fjax jksM] gSnjkckn&500048 eks -&09849986346 bZey s &srisahitiprakashan@yahoo.com eqnzd vkj-oh- fÁaVlZ] esjB vkoj.k & xqjeZ dksM a k f'kjh"k & 2015 çFke laLdj.k& 300 ewY;&

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iwT; xq#oj Mk- ;ksxnas uz kFk â€œkekZ ^v#.k* dks lknj 4@ ladYiuk 4@la

Nfegfga lTtu eksfj f<BkbZA lqfugfga ckycpu eu ykbZAA tkSa ckyd dg rksrfj ckrkA lqufga eqfnr eu firq v# ekrkAA g¡flgfga Øwj dqfVy dqfcpkjhA ts ij nw’ku Hkw"ku/kkjhAA Hkkx NksV vfHkyk"kq cM+] djm¡ ,d fcLoklA iSgfga lq[k lqfu lqtu lc] [ky dfjgfga migklAA ¼jkepfjr ekul½

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çLrqfr fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dk Qyd ftruk foLr`r vkSj cgqvk;keh gS] mlls lacafèkr vè;;u&v/;kiu vkSj vuql/a kku dk {ks= Hkh mruk gh foLr`r vkSj çlj.k'khy gSA ;ksa rks fganh dHkh Hkh {ks= fo'ks"k rd lhfer Hkk"kk ugha Fkh] ysfdu orZeku le; esa fofèkor lc çdkj dh {ks=h; vkSj HkkSxksfyd y{e.kjs[kkvksa dk vfrØe.k djds og lkoZnfs 'kd] vf[ky Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa mHkjh gS vkSj lc çdkj ds foe'kZ dks laHko cukrh gqbZ viuh fo'o Hkk"kk dh nkosnkjh dks iq"V dj jgh gSA oSls Hkh ;g le; dsaæ ls ifjfèk dh vksj tkus okys foe'kksaZ dk le; gSA dguk u gksxk fd fganh dh ç—fr Hkh dsaæ ls ifjfèk dh vksj tkus dh jgh gSA foe'kksaZ ds bl le; esa ifjf/k dh xfrfof/k;k¡ egRoiw.kZ gks xbZ gSa vkSj cgqdsaæh;rk mHkkj ij gSA fganh v/;;u&v/;kiu vkSj vuqlèa kku dk cgqdæas h; çlkj bldk çek.k gSA ge dguk ;g pkgrs gSa fd ftu {ks=ksa dks vfganh Hkk"kh vFkok fganhrj dgdj fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ,oa rRlac/a kh vuql/a kku ds gkf'k, ij /kdsy dj yxHkx vuqifLFkr eku fy;k tkrk Fkk] vkt mu {ks=ksa esa dsoy ijaijkxr gh ugha oju~ u,] ekSfyd] vNwrs vkSj pqukSrhiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij fganh Hkk"kh vkSj vfganh Hkk"kh ds Hksn ds fcuk] mR—’V dksfV dk vuql/a kku dk;Z gks jgk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk }kjk lapkfyr mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku dk bl fn'kk esa ;ksxnku vuU; gSA ijarq [ksn dk fo"k; gS fd vHkh rd Hkh blds laca/k esa vf/kla[; fganhtu vifjfpr gSa D;ksfa d bl çHkwr 'kksèkdk;Z dks vHkh rd Hkh leqfpr çdk'ku ds volj vuqiyC/k gSaA ^ladYiuk* nf{k.k Hkkjr esa gks jgs 'kks/kdk;Z dh ,d ckuxh çLrqr djus dk fouez ç;kl gSA blesa ladfyr lHkh 'kks/ki= gSnjkckn ¼rsyx a kuk½ fLFkr 'kks/kdrkZvksa ds Lok/;k; dk ifj.kke gSA buesa ls vf/kla[; 'kks/kdrkZ vHkh vuql/a kku iFk ds vUos”kh ifFkd gSa rFkkfi mudh 'kks/k–f"V ,dne lkQ] rVLFk] okn fujis{k vkSj ekuo lkis{k gSA ;gk¡ ladfyr 'kks/ki=ksa esa v/;s; ikB ds :i esa dkO;] miU;kl] dgkuh] ukVd] cky lkfgR; vkSj lk{kkRdkj tSlh fofo/k fo/kkvksa ds ikB rks xzg.k fd, gh x, gSa i=dkfjrk] ehfM;k vkSj oSKkfud lkfgR; rd dks Hkkf"kd vuqlaèkku ds nk;js esa yk;k x;k gSA blls fu'p; gh fganh vuqla/kku ds {ks= dks O;kidrk çkIr gqbZ gSA bruk gh ugha vuwfnr lkfgR; dk fo'ys"k.k bls vkSj Hkh foLrkj çnku djrk gSA blh çdkj bu 'kks/ki=ksa esa v/kqukru 'kksèk–f"V;ksa dk Hkh oSfo/; ns[kus dks feysxkA ;fn buesa 'kks/k vkSj leh{kk dh jk"Vªh;&lkaL—frd –f"V] lkekftd –f"V vkSj ,sfrgkfld –f"V tSlh ikjaifjd vkykspuk –f"V;k¡ fo|eku gSa rks L=h foe'kZ] vkfnoklh foe'kZ] foLFkkfir foe'kZ] vYila[;d foe'kZ] nfyr foe'kZ] o`)koLFkk foe'kZ vkSj ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh fiNys nks rhu n'kdksa esa fodflr mÙkj vk/kqfud vkykspuk –f"V;k¡ bl iqLrd dks ,dne ubZ fn'kk dks [kksyus okyh cukrh gSAa bruk gh ugha ç;kstuewyd Hkk"kk] L=h Hkk"kk] yksdrRo 6@ ladYiuk 6@la

vkSj vuqokn foe'kZ ij tks 'kksèkiw.kZ v/;;u ;gk¡ miyC/k gS] og bl iqLrd dks vkSj Hkh mikns; cukus okyk gS] blesa lansg ughaA vk'kk gS] eksfr;ksa ds 'kgj gSnjkckn ls çdk'k esa vk jgs bl ç—r eqäkgkj dks fganh txr esa Lusg vkSj viukiu feysxkA 14 flracj] 2015 & xqjeZ dksM a k uhjtk fganh fnol _’kHknso “kekZ

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vuqØe Hkk"kk foe'kZ • o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk dk lkekftd lanHkZ • nfyr lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk % ^VwVrs laokn* dk lanHkZ • ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB fo'ys"k.k % lekarjrk vkSj fopyu dk lanHkZ • ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h Hkk"kk • vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk • MhvkjMhvks dk oSKkfud lkfgR;

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L=h foe'kZ • ekuokf/kdkj vkSj L=h l'kähdj.k % oSpkfjdrk • eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa esa L=h la?k"kZ • —".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h la?k"kZ • ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa fL=;ksa dk thou • ledkyhu dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k

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nfyr foe'kZ • fganh dk çFke nfyr miU;kl ^NIij* • nfyr dgkfu;ksa esa çfrjks/k dk ;FkkFkZ

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tutkfr foe'kZ • esg#fUulk ijost dh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh laL—fr % yksdrRo • tksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;ksa esa tutkrh; ifjos'k • catkjk yksd mRlo % rht • catkjk tutkfr dk rht mRlo

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laL—fr foe'kZ • Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedFkk 127 • ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds dkO; esa Hkkjrekrk dh ladYiuk vkSj Lrqfr 140 • fganh ukVdksa esa fo'oca/kqRo ,oa jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk 146 • ukfljk 'kekZ ds miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* esa fgan& w eqfLye HkkbZpkjk 149 • dgkfu;ksa esa laL—fr % nkaiR; thou dk lanHkZ 153

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i;kZoj.k foe'kZ • ^Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k

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ehfM;k foe'kZ • ia- in~eflag “kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;* • Økafr dk chti= % vkapfyd i=dkfjrk • ^xksnku* esa çsepan dk thou n'kZu ,oa i=dkfjrk dk lanHkZ

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ckylkfgR; foe'kZ • cky lkfgR; % ç;kstu] vko';drk vkSj Lo:i • ckylkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk çns; • fganh cky dgkuh

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vuqokn foe'kZ • fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r rsyx q q miU;kl ^osf;iMxyq* dk vuqokn % lkaL—frd lanHkZ

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fofo/kk • miU;kldkj ds :i esa M‚- nso's k Bkdqj • Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq* dk jktuhfrd fparu • fganh miU;klksa esa f'k{kk txr dk ;FkkFkZ % ^jkx njckjh* dk fo'ks"k lanHkZ • Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ • vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa ç—fr fp=.k • jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* dh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k • fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ • cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa ys[kdh; O;faäRo • cukjlhnkl prqonZs h % i=ksa ds vkbZus esa

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Hkk"kk foe'kZ o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk dk lkekftd lanHkZ & Mk- f”kodqekj jktkSfj;k nfyr lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk % ^VwVrs laokn* dk lanHkZ & larks’k fot; equs'oj ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB fo'ys"k.k % lekarjrk vkSj fopyu dk lanHkZ & th- laxhrk ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h Hkk"kk & Mk- eatq “kekZ vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk & Mk- lqj¸;k ijohu MhvkjMhvks dk oSKkfud lkfgR; & vpZuk ikaM;s

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o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk dk lkekftd lanHkZ & M‚- f'kodqekj jktkSfj;k euq"; ,d lkekftd çk.kh gSA mls fopkjksa ds vknku&çnku ds fy, Hkk"kk dh vko';drk gSA Hkk"kk gh og ek/;e gS tks ,d nwljs ds Hkkoksa dks le>us ds fy, ,d jkLrk cukrh gSA cksyus vkSj fy[kus ds le; ge ftu 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx djrs gS]a ftl çdkj dh lajpuk dks viukrs gSa vkSj ftu 'kCnksa ds }kjk okD;ksa dks ,d nwljs ls tksMr+ s gS]a os lHkh lkFkZd gksrs gSa vkSj mudh lkFkZdrk O;fäxr u gksdj lkekftd vkSj laLFkkxr gksrh gSA blhfy, Hkk"kk dks lkekftd oLrq dgk tkrk gS] tks u dsoy fopkj&fofue;] vfirq euq"; ds lkjs dk;Z] O;kikj dks lapkfyr djrh gSA mlds fyf[kr rFkk ekSf[kd :i dh lgk;rk ls gh lekt dk çfrfcac mHkjdj lkeus vkrk gSA vU; çkf.k;ksa ls euq"; ds fodklksUeq[k :i dks mlds fopkj fofue; dh {kerk }kjk js[kkafdr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fopkjksa ds vknku&çnku dks gh Hkk"kk dgk tkrk gSA ;gh Hkk"kk gS tks euq"; dks lkekftd fl) djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA euq"; ds lHkh dk;Z bl Hkk"kk }kjk fd, tkrs gSAa ;fn ;g Hkk"kk u gksrh rks 'kk;n euq"; dk mruk fodkl Hkh u gks ikrk ftruk vkt ge ns[k jgs gSAa bl ls Li"V gS fd Hkk"kk vkSj lekt vU;ksU;kfJr gSAa Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj lekt lanfHkZr ;FkkFkZ gSA vFkkZr fofHkUu O;fä;ksa }kjk Hkk"kk ds ç;ksx esa fHkUurk vkSj fofo/krk ikbZ tkrh gS ftldk vk/kkj lekt esa fLFkr gksrk gSA dgus dk vfHkçk; ;g gS fd gekjk lkekftd Lrj vkSj gekjs lkekftd lac/a k] gekjs Hkk"kk O;ogkj dks fu/kkZfjr djrs gSAa oäk vkSj Jksrk dh lkekftd&lkaL—frd i`"BHkwfe gksrh gS ftuds mÙkj ds vuqlkj gh dksbZ O;fä vyx&vyx rjg ls Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj djrk gSA vk;qtfur cM+Iiu c<+rh vk;q ds lkFk&lkFk O;fä dks dHkh vius vki ls rks dHkh nwljksa dh [kq'kh ds dkj.k le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gS] tc og thou ds vafre iM+ko ij igq¡p tkrk gSA vFkkZr o`) gks tkrk gS rc lekt] ?kj&ifjokj ds lHkh yksx muls ;gh vk'kk djrs gSa fd og viuh vk;q ds vuq:i cM+Iiu fn[kk,A dHkh o`)ksa dks viuh LosPNk ls fdlh ckr esa viuh vuqefr nsuh iM+rh gS rks dHkh uk pkgrs gq, Hkh mUgsa ml ckr ls le>kSrk djrs gq, viuk cM+Iiu fn[kkrs gq, vuqefr nsuh gh iM+rh gSA vDlj o`) ;gh lksprs gSa fd vc gekjh ethZ D;k egRo j[krh gS( ftlesa cPps [kq'k] mlh esa ge [kq'kA geus rks viuk thou g¡lh&[kq'kh th fy;kA vc tks dqN gS] lc cPpksa ds fy, gh rks gSA o`)ksa ds blh vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa muds laoknksa dh Hkk"kk esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dh Hkk"kk dks çsepan vkSj t;'kadj çlkn us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^ek¡*] ^vyX;ks>k* vkSj ^eerk* esa vR;ar LokHkkfod :i ls çLrqr fd;k gS& ¼v½ Þvkf[kj ,d fnu mlus çdk'k ls dgk&ÞcsVk vxj rqeus foyk;r tkus dh Bku yh gS] rks pys tkvksA eSa euk u d:¡xhA eq>s [ksn gS fd eSua s rqEgsa jksdkA vxj eSa

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tkurh fd rqEgsa bruk vk?kkr igq¡px s k rks dHkh u jksdrhAß1 ¼vk½ Þvkt thou esa igyh ckj iUuk dks jX?kw ij fo'okl vk;k cksyh& Þtc xguk gh cspuk gS rks viuh eqgj D;ksa cspksx\s esjh glyh ys ysukAß2 ¼b½ Þmlh le; iUuk nkSMh+ &nkSMh+ vkbZ vkSj NksVs ckyd dks xksn esa mBkdj I;kj djrh gqbZ cksyh&ÞyM+dksa dks eq>s D;ksa u ns vkbZ cgw\ gk;! gk;! vHkh cspkjk /kjrh ij iM+k yksV jgk FkkA tc eSa ej tkÅ¡] rks tks th pkgs djuk] vHkh rks thrh gwA¡ vyx gks tkus ls cPps rks ugha vyx gks x,Aß3 ¼bZ½ Þeerk ds eu us dgk&;gk¡ dkSu nqxZ gS! ;gh >ksiM+h u tks pkgs ys ys] eq>s rks viuk drZO; djuk iM+x s kA og ckgj pyh vkbZ vkSj eqxy ls cksyh] ^tkvks Hkhrj Fkds gq, Hk;Hkhr ifFkd! rqe pkgs dksbZ gks] eSa rqEgsa vkJ; nsrh gw¡Aß4 m)j.k ^v* % d#.kk vius csVs çdk'k dh [kqf'k;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, u pkgdj Hkh mls baXySM a tkus dh vuqefr çnku djrh gSA d#.kk dk vius csVs dks baXySM a tkus dh vuqefr nsuk mlds cM+Iiu dks n'kkZrk gSA ¼vxj eSa tkurh fd rqEgsa bruk vk?kkr igqp ¡ x s k rks dHkh u jksdrh½A m)j.k ^vk* % ^vyX;ks>k* ls fy, x, m)j.k esa jX?kw dh lkSry s h ek¡ iUuk dk cM+Iiu mlds laokn ls çfrfcafcr gSA og vR;ar vkReh;rk vkSj vf/kdkj ls mls eksgj cspus ds fy, euk djrh gS vkSj viuh glyh cspus dk çLrko j[krh gSA mldk ;g Hkkf"kd vkpj.k vk;qtfur vkSnk;Z dk |ksrd gSA m)j.k ^b* esa iUuk ds bl dFku ls fd Þvyx gks tkus ls cPps rks ugha vyx gks x,ß ls iUuk dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu çdV gksrk gSA m)j.k ^bZ* % eerk dk ifFkd lezkV dks viuh >ksiM+h esa vkJ; nsukA eerk dk ;g cM+Iiu mlds LokfHkekuiw.kZ bl laokn fd ^tkvks Hkhrj Fkds gq, Hk;Hkhr ifFkd! rqe pkgs dksbZ gks eSa rqEgsa vkJ; nsrh gw¡^ esa fufgr gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dh Hkk"kk dks Hkh"e lkguh dh dgkuh ^phQ dh nkor* vkSj ;'kiky dh ^dkSu tkus* esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS& v½ Þek¡ rqe eq>s /kks[kk nsds ;w¡ pyh tkvksxhA esjk curk dke fcxkM+kx s h\ tkurh ugha lkgc [kq'k gksxk] rks eq>s rjDdh feysxhAß ek¡ pqi gks xbZA fQj csVs ds eqg¡ dh vksj ns[krh gqbZ cksyh&^^D;k rsjh rjDdh gksxh\ D;k lkgc rsjh rjDdh dj nsxk\ D;k mlus dqN dgk\ ---rsjh rjDdh gksxh csVk\** ÞrjDdh ;w¡ gh gks tk,xh lkgc dks [kq'k j[kw¡xk rks dqN djsxk ---rks eSa cuk nw¡xh] tSls cu iM+x s k cuk nw¡xhAß phQ dh nkor ds bl m)j.k esa csVk&cgw ds nqO;Zogkj ds ckotwn o`)k ek¡ dk vkpj.k okRlY;iw.kZ gh jgrk gSA iq= ds fy, okRlY; vkSj 'kqHksPNk muds bl dFku 13@ ladYiuk 13@la

esa >yd jgh gS fd& ÞeSa cuk nw¡xh csVk] ^tSls cu iM+x s k cuk nw¡xhA* vk½ ÞD;k gS\ ukuh th v[k+ckj gkFk esa fy, c<+ vk, FksA ekeyk mUgksua s lqu fy;k Fkk ijarq ekyh us xqfu;k dh pksjh c[kkudj dgk ÞbZ dk Qwy u ys tk; nsoA ge bZ pksêh dk t:jS iqfyl esa nsoA gqtjw pkSdh esa Qwu dj nsoAß tkus nks pkS/kjh ukuk th cksys cspkjh eqlhcr esa gSA fdlh rjg isV ikyrs gSAa le> yks vc ;s Qwy lkFkZd gks x,Aß6 bl m)j.k esa ekyh pkS/kjh Qwy pqjkrs gq, ,d yM+dh dks idM+ ysrk gS vkSj mls iqfyl ds gokys djus dh ckr dgrk gSA ukukth mlls dgrs gSa fd ml cPph dks tkus nks og cspkjh t:jr dh ekjh gSA le>uk fd mlds ;s Qwy vc lkFkZd gks x,A bl dFku ls o`) ukuk dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu çdV gksrk gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks O;ä djusokyh Hkk"kk lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku] M‚- dey dqekj vkSj f'kokuh dh dgkfu;ks& a ^dSyk'kh ukuh*] ^Nr ij nLrd*] ^vEek* vkSj ^nknh* esa æ"VO; gS& ¼v½ ÞdSyk'kh ukuh us 'kiFk ysrs gq, os nl #i, dej ls fudkydj ek¡ dks fn[kk, vkSj cksyh] fcfV;k >w¡B ugha dgrhA esjs ikl rks nl iSls Hkh ugha fQj ;s nl dynkj dgk¡ ls vk,\ ;s mlh v/kehZ us ck¡/k fn, gSAa rqe esjh ckr ekuks! fcfV;k dks ysdj pyh tkvksA ftl xk¡o dk tehankj bruk v/kehZ gS] ogk¡ fQj uk vkukA fcfV;k dk 'kknh&C;kg djds] llqjky Hkstdj vkukAß7 ¼vk½ Þlq/khj vius esa xdZ Fkk] mldk tokc ugha lquk] viuh ckr dgh] eSa 'kknh dj jgk gwA¡ og mB cSB xbZA ^eqckjd*] mlus dgk Þvesfjdu yM+dh gSAß Þcgqr vPNk gSAß Þog pkgrh gS 'kknh ppZ esa gksß Þ'kknh rks 'kknh gS dgha Hkh gksAAß Þog jsMØkWl esa dke djrh gSAß ^okg cgqr cf<+;k gS! ÞrqEgsa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gS\ß Þugha] vkifÙk D;ksa gksxh\ß Þ'kknh esa vkvksxh\ß Þcqyk,xk rks D;ksa ugha vkÅ¡xh\ß Þrks vxys g¶rs dj yw¡Aß Þt:jAß ^rqEgkjk fVfdV ---\ß Þiaæg fnu ckn dk djok nsAß

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Þij ek¡ ge rks guhewu ij pys tk,¡xAs ß Þpys tkukA eSua s dgk u] eq>s ;gk¡ dke gSAß8 ¼b½ Þuk csVk ukA u tkus dgk¡ ls HkhM+ phjdj cw<h+ nknh us ljnkj dh Øks/k ls FkjFkjkrh ck¡gksa dks Fkke fy;k] ^bUgsa ekjdj D;k rsjk csVk ykSV vk,xk\ß9 bZ½ ÞvEek vkius D;ksa rdyhQ yhA jes'k dks Hkst nsrhaAß Þjes'k ds ikl oä gh dgk¡ gS csVkA lqcg fudyrk gS n¶rj ds fy, rks 'kke <ys ?kj vkrk gS Fkdk&gkjkA ml le; eSa viuk jksuk jksÅ¡ vPNk ugha yxrkAß Þ,slh D;k ckr gS vEekA Hkkjrh dks gh dg nsrhaA b/kj ls gh rks tkrh gS xkM+h jksddj ,sud idM+k tkrhAß nqdkunkj us viuk NwVk dke gkFk esa ys fy;k Fkk ij laokn tkjh j[kk FkkAÞ vjs cpqvk og dkSu lk [kkyh Bkyh cSBh gSA ?kj vkSj ckgj ds lkS dke gSAß10 mi;qä Z m)j.k ^v* esa o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ukuh dk 'kiFk ysuk] uSjVs j dh ek¡ dks ^fcfV;k* dgdj iqdkjuk] ^rqe* dgdj lacksf/kr djuk] csVh dks ysdj pys tkus vkSj ogk¡ fQj u vkus dk ijke'kZ nsuk muds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ds vuq:i Hkkf"kd O;ogkj gSA m)j.k ^vk* esa iq= ds çse fookg ij dksbZ vkifÙk u djrs gq, lgerh nsuos kys okD; rFkk iq= ds guhewu ij tkus dh ckr dgus ij lgtHkko ls ;g dguk fd ^pys tkukA eSua s dgk u] eq>s ;gk¡ dke gS*& ek¡ ds cM+Iiu ds vuq:i gSA m)j.k ^b* esa cw<h+ nknh dk ljnkj ds çfr lacks/ku ^csVk* vkSj mls fgalk ls jksdus ds fy, fd;k x;k ç'u ^bUgsa ekjdj D;k rsjk csVk ykSV vk,xk\* cw<h+ nknh ds cM+Iiu dks O;ä djus okyk Hkk"kk ç;ksx gSA m)j.k ^bZ* esa vius csV& s cgw dh f'kdk;r djus ds LFkku ij muds mis{kkiw.kZ O;ogkj ij ijnk Mkyus ds fy, ek¡ ds dFku& ^lqcg fudyrk gS--- Fkdk gkjk] ^og dSu lk [kkyh ---lkS dke^&muds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks n'kkZrs gSAa lkFk gh nqdkunkj dks ^csVk* vkSj ^cpqvk* dgdj lacksf/kr djuk Hkh mudh vk;q ds vuq:i gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] lquhy dkSf'kd] lR;kjkt vkSj eaty q Hkxr us viuh&viuh dgkfu;ksa esa n'kkZ;k gS& ¼v½ Þesgeku Bgjs! dqN cksyrs Hkh rks ugha curkA vius ?kj&ifjokj ds yksx rks ;s gSa ughaA budks lksu& s cSBus dh txg rks feyuh gh pkfg,A ge rks ifjokj&?kj ds yksx Bgjs] dgha lks jgsx a As ;s esgeku gSa panj dh llqjky ds vkSj lk<w ds ifjokj ds yksx gSAa panj viuk NksVk HkkbZ gSAß11 ¼vk½ ÞekbZ dks T;knk f'kdk;r ugha Fkh] ^dgha Hkh jgs csVkA jkth&[kq'kh jgsA dgha Hkh jgsxk rks esjk csVk dgyk,xkA mldk ?kj&ifjokj dgk tk,xkA gS fd ugha---\ß12

15@ ladYiuk 15@la

¼b½ Þvius ?kj esa ,slk gh gksrk gS-- vkSj tkurh gks rjkSuh okyh blls eu esa larks"k feyrk gS fd pyks esgeku yksxksa us rks [kk;kA [kqn Hkw[ks jg x, rks D;k---A ekbZ] l¡f>;k vkSj l¡f>;k dh ek¡ us uhps tkdj [kk fy;kAß13 ¼bZ½ ÞckYVh j[kus dh vkokt ds lkFk yYyk dh ek¡ dk Loj lqukbZ iM+k&ÞD;k ek¡x jgk gS jh cgw\ß Þek¡ th iSls ek¡x jgk gS] pwju ds fy,A Vkafly rks ns[kks bldsA blds ikik us euk fd;k gS ,d Hkh iSlk ugha nsuk blsAß Þvjh jgus ns Vkaly&QkalyA tkurh gw¡ blds ikik dks HkhA tc bruk gh cM+k Fkk] jkst esjh /kksrh ds iYys ls iSls [kksydj ds tkrk Fkk vkSj [kkrk D;k Fkk ;gh pwjuA cPpk gS [kkus nsA ns ns bls iSlAs ß14 ¼m½ ÞtSlh rqEgkjh ethZ dqra hA esjs ftLe esa tc rd dqN dj dekus dh 'kfä gS eSa ijkèkhu cudj vt; ds ?kj esa ugha tk iMw¡xkA gk¡] ftl fnu mez ds bl vk;ke ij igq¡p tkÅ¡xk rc ds fy, eq>s vt; ij iwjk fo'okl gS fd og vius nkf;Roksa ls ugha eqdjsxkA ysfdu vHkh vt; dks tcjnLrh Jo.k dqekj cuus dks foo'k dj nsuk esjs var%fu.kZ; ds fo#) gSAß15 ¼Å½ Þnknh th vki firk th dks cM+s HkS;k D;ksa dgrh gks\ oks rks vkids csVs gSAa ß Þyks lquks yM+dh dh ckrA vjs] oks rks bÙks cM+s gks x,] ,sls cM+s vksgns is igq¡p x,A Hkyk] vc eSa mUgsa csVk&csVk dgrh vPNh yxw¡xhA mudh ukSdjh yxs ihNs rks [kqn ykyth us Hkh mUgsa vk/ks uke ls ugha iqdkjkA ges'kk iwjk uke fy;k] tqxeanj ijlknA fQj Hkyk eSa gh D;k tqXxh& tqXxh iqdkjrhAß16 mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks çdV djus okyh Hkk"kk dk O;ogkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA m)j.k ^v* % tc lq[knso vius ifjokj ds lkFk NksVs HkkbZ ds ?kj 'kgj vkrs gSa mldh csVh ds fookg esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, ;gk¡ vkdj mUgsa xSjksa ds leku le>k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa jkr esa lksus ds fy, txg ns nh tkrh gSA dsoy lq[knso dk ifjokj vkSj mudh ek¡ dks ml ?kj esa lksus ds fy, txg ulhc ugha gksrhA bl ij ek¡ dk ;g dguk fd ge rks ?kj ds yksx gS]a esgekuksa dks lksu& s cSBus dh txg rks igys feyuh pkfg,A muds cM+Iiu dks fn[krk gSA blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* esa lq[knso dk NksVk HkkbZ ljdkjh ukSdjh esa Å¡ps vksgns ij dk;Z dj jgk gS rc ls muls u rks viuh ek¡ dh [kcj&lq/k yh vkSj u gh HkkbZ&HkkStkbZ dh jkth [kq'kh iwNhA bl ij o`)k ek¡ dk ;g dguk fd og dgha Hkh jgs lnk lq[kh jgs] mlds cM+Iiu dks fn[kkrk gSA m)j.k ^bZ* esa ?kj&ifjokj ds yksxksa dks 'kknh esa Hkkstu djok fn;k tkrk gS dsoy cprh gS lq[knso fd iRuh vkSj ek¡A lcls var esa os Lo;a gh Hkkstu djus ds fy, pyh tkrh 16@ ladYiuk 16@la

gSAa ;gk¡ o`)k ekbZ ¼ek¡½ dk ;g dFku fd ^vius ?kj esa ,sls gh gksrk gS esgekuksa dks igys Hkkstu djk nsus ls vius eu dks larks"k feyrk gS Hkys gh ?kj fd yksx Hkw[ks jgs*a muds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dk |ksrd gSA m)j.k ^m* esa fd'kuyky dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA fd'kuyky vius gkFk&iSjksa ds pyrh vius csVs ij cks> cudj ugha thuk pkgrsA mUgsa irk gS fd vHkh os dek ldrs gSAa blhfy, vHkh ls os vius csVs vt; ij cks> cudj thuk ugha pkgrsA vr% os dgrs gS]a vHkh vt; dks tcjnLrh Jo.k dqekj cuus dks foo'k dj nsuk] esjs vUr%fu.kZ; ds fo#) gSA m)j.k ^Å* % ljhuk viuh nknh ls mlds firk ds fo"k; esa iwNrh gS fd nknh vki firk th dks cM+s HkS;k dgdj D;ksa cqykrh gksA nknh mls le>krh gS fd vc mlds firk th NksVs cPps rks gSa ughaA vc os cM+s gks pqds gSa vkSj mUgsa NksVs cPpksa ds leku iqdkjrh vPNh ugha yxrh blhfy, os mUgsa cM+s HkS;k dgdj cqykrh gSA ;gk¡ o`)k nknh ds dFku esa vk;qtfur cM+Iiu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks ujsæa dksgyh] çfrek oekZ vkSj f'koçlkn flag us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^'kVy*] ^frudksa dk ?kkslyk*] ^nknh ek¡* esa n'kkZ;k gS& ¼v½ Þij dHkh&dHkh] tc nksuksa cM+s csVksa esa ls dksbZ vk tkrk] fd mldh iRuh fcLrj ij iM+h gqbZ gS vkSj mlds ?kj esa pwYgk Hkh ugha tyk] rc Hkkxoarh dks tkuk gh iM+rk FkkA ,sls esa bZ'kjnkl Hkh vius Hkhrj cSBs firk dks jksd ugha ikrk Fkk] vkSj og Lo;a gh Hkkxoarh dks dgrk] Þrqe pyh D;ksa ugha tkrha\ vkf[kj ge fdl fnu ds fy, gS\a dSlh ek¡ gS rw csVksa ds nq%[k esa Hkh gkFk ugha cVkuk pkgrh\ß17 ¼vk½ Þrks D;ksa u og FkksMh+ nsj ds fy, cM+s csVs ds ikl pyk tk,A cM+h cgw chekj gS rks vkf[kj llqj ds ukrs mldk Hkh rks drZO; gS fd mldk gky&pky iwNus tk,A tc mldh csVh dh rch;r Bhd ugha gksrh rks D;k og mls ns[kus ugha tkrk\ vkf[kj cgw vkSj csVh esa varj gh D;k gS\ fQj ogk¡ Hkkxoarh gSA dqN nsj mlds ikl Hkh cSB vk,xkA tkus mldh rfc;r dSlh gksxh\ß18 ¼b½ Þ,d fnu jkLrs esa jkeh pkph feyhA og nknh dks ^iwrks&Qyks nw/kks ugkvks* dk vk'khokZn ns jgh FkhA eSua s iwNk] ÞD;k ckr gS] /kUuks pkph]ß rks mlus foOgy gksdj dgk] Þmfju gks xbZ csVk] Hkxoku Hkyk djs gekjh ekyfdu dkA dy gh vkbZ FkhaA ihNs dk lHkh #i;k NksM+ fn;k] mij ls nl #i, dk uksV nsdj cksyh] ^ns[kuk èkUuks] tSlh rsjh csVh oSlh esjh] nl&ik¡p ds fy, g¡lkbZ u gksA nsork gS csVk nsorkAß19 ¼bZ½ Þjksrk D;ksa gS js! Þnknh ek¡ us mudk ekFkk lgykrs gq, dgk] ÞeSa rks vHkh gw¡ ghAß mUgksua s land w [kksydj ,d pedrh&lh pht fudkyh] Þrsjs nknk us ;g daxu eq>s blh fnu ds fy, iguk;k FkkAß mudk xyk Hkj vk;k] ÞeSua s bls iguk ugha] bls lgstdj j[krh vkbZ gw¡A muds oa'k dh fu'kkuh gSAß mUgksua s vk¡lw iksN a dj dgk] Þiqjkus yksx 20 vkxk&ihNk lc lksp ysrs Fks] csVkAß 17@ ladYiuk 17@la

;gk¡ mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA m)j.k ^v* vkSj ^vk* esa bZ'kjnkl dk viuh iRuh dks csVs ds ?kj tkdj chekj cgw dh ns[kHkky djus ds fy, dguk vkSj Lo;a chekj cgw dks ns[kus ds fy, ;g lkspdj tkuk fd cgw vkSj csVh nksuksa leku gksrh gS& a ;fn vkt esjh csVh chekj gksrh rks og mls ns[kus t:j tkrkA blhfy, cgw Hkh rks csVh ds leku gSA vkSj fQj blh cgkus og viuh iRuh ls Hkh fey vk,xkA bl çdkj bu m)j.kksa esa bZ'kjnkl dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA m)j.k ^b* vkSj ^bZ* esa o`)k nknh ek¡ dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd fdl çdkj mUgksua s t:jrean jkeh dh pkph dk iqjkuk dtZ ekQ dj fn;k vkSj mldh csVh dh 'kknh ds fy, nl #i, Hkh fn,A lkFk gh lkFk ;g dgdj dh mldh csVh Hkh rks mudh csVh ds leku gSA ogha tc ?kj esa muds csVs dks iSlksa dh l[r t:jr iM+rh gS rks os fcuk fdlh f>>d ds viuk [kkunkuh daxu ykdj csVs dks nsrs gq, mls le>krh gS fd muds gksrs gq, mls fpark djus dh t:jr ugha vHkh og ftank gSA muds gksrs gq, muds cPpksa ij fdlh çdkj dk ladV ugha vk ldrkA bl leLr Hkkf"kd vkpj.k esa nknh dh vk;q ls tqMh+ mnkjrk çfrfcafcr gqbZ gSA o`)ksa ds vk;qtfur cM+Iiu dks fxfjjkt fd'kksj us viuh dgkuh ^Qkby nkf[ky n¶rj* esa n'kkZ;k gS& Þfnykoj dk ,d gh csVk Fkk tfru] dksbZ lky Hkj igys ;k gks ldrk gS mlls de le; gqvk---mlus vius eu ilan yM+dh ls 'kknh dh FkhA fnykoj ls iwNk rks og cksyk] ^vks, iqÙkj 'kknh rSuq djuh] gels D;k iqPNslhA* ek¡ us fojks/k Hkh djuk pkgk FkkA fnykoj us MiV fn;k Fkk] rsjk gekjk tekuk ugha jgk---ftlds lkFk Mksj ck¡/k nh xbZA ftanxh Vsj gks xbZA dkQh u;k tekuk gSA ftls ftlds lkFk jguk vki r; djksAß21 mi;qä Z m)j.k esa o`) fnykoj dk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu mldh Hkk"kk esa /ofur gS&csVs dks çse fookg dh vuqefr nsu]s iRuh dks blds fy, le>kus vkSj csVs dks çseiwod Z lacksfèkr djus esa fnykoj dk cM+Iiu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mi;qä Z laoknksa ds Hkkf"kd vuq'khyu ls ;g çdV gksrk gS fd çsepan] t;'kadj çlkn] Hkh"e lkguh] ;'kiky] lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku] e`ny q k xxZ] f'kokuh] M‚- dey dqekj] jkeèkkjh flag fnokdj] lquhy dkSf'kd] lR;jkt] eaty q Hkxr] ujsæa dksgyh] f'koçlkn flag vkSj fxfjjkt fd'kksj us viuh dgkfu;ksa ds o`) ik=ksa ds laoknksa dk ikB fuekZ.k djrs gq, ;g /;ku esa j[kk gS fd mudk Hkkf"kd O;ogkj vk;q ls tqMs+ muds cM+Iiu dks çfrfcafcr dj ldsA okrkZyki dh fofo/k ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ¼d½ okrkZ vkjaHk okrkZyki ds nkSjku o`) L=h&iq#"k viuh Hkk"kk esa f>>d dks n'kkZrs gSAa ;g mudh lkekftd fLFkfr ls lacfa /kr gSA lekt mUgsa xkS.k ekufldrk ls ;qä jgus dk çf'k{k.k 18@ ladYiuk 18@la

nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd o`) ifjokj ;k lekt esa fdlh ckr dks çR;{k ;k Li"Vr% –<+rk ds lkFk ugha dg ikrsA vDlj mUgsa bl ckr dk Hk; jgrk gS fd dgha fdlh ckr ds dkj.k cgw&csVk mUgsa [kjh&[kksVh u lqukus yxsAa o`) fdlh Hkh ckr dks 'kq: djus ls iwoZ ,d nks ckj lksprk gS fd og ml ckr dks dgs ;k u dgsA fouezrk] ldqpkgV o lq>kokRed Hkk"kk dh vkM+ esa os viuh ckr çkjaHk djrs gSAa foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa fofHkUu ys[kdksa us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa o`)ksa ds okrkZ vkjaHk dks n'kkZ;k gSA okrkZ vkjaHk dks çsepan vkSj m"kk fç;aonk us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^vyX;ks>k* vkSj ^okilh* esa bl çdkj n'kkZ;k gS& ¼v½ Þmlh fnu mlus eqfy;k ls dgk&ÞD;k d:¡ cgw eu dh ykylk eu esa gh jgrh gSA dsnkj dk ?kj Hkh cl tkrk] rks eSa fuf'pr gks tkrhAß22 ¼vk½ ÞrqEgsa fdl ckr dh deh gS vej dh ek¡& ?kj esa cgw gS] cPps gSAa flQZ #i, ls gh vkneh vehj ugha gksrkAß xtk/kj ckcw us dgk vkSj dgus ds lkFk gh vuqHko fd;kA ;g mudh vkarfjd vfHkO;fä Fkh& ,slh fd mudh iRuh ugha le> ldrhAß23 mi;qä Z nksuksa m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa ds okrkZ vkjaHk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA m)j.k ^v* esa eqfy;k viuh cgw ls viuh fo'ks"k fpark dsnkj ds fo"k; esa ckr djrh gSA vly esa mldk edln gS fd fo/kok gks pqdh cgw dk fookg vius NksVs csVs dsnkj ls gks tk,A eqfy;k dk vius csVs dsnkj dks dsæa esa j[kdj cgw ls okrkZ vkjaHk djuk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blh çdkj ^vk* esa xtk/kj ckcw dk vius ?kj dh ifjfLFk;ksa dks ns[kdj viuh iRuh ls ckr djuk] mls le>kuk fd mls vc thou esa fdl ckr dh deh gS] lc dqN rks bZ'oj us mls ns fn;k gSA iSlk gh flQZ thou ugha gksrk gS& æ"VO; gSA çk;% ns[kk tkrk gS fd ifjokj esa vc cM+s gks pqds cPpksa ls ckr djus ds fy, Hkh o`)ksa dks mfpr voljksa dh çrh{kk djuh iM+rh gS rFkk ,slk volj feyus ij vkns'k dh vis{kk vuqu; ds Loj esa gh os okrkZ vkjaHk djrs gSAa bl rF; dh iqf"V ds fy, jkth lsB vkSj xksfoan feJ dh dgkuh ^mruh nwj* vkSj ^lk/ks*a ds fuEufyf[kr va'k æ"VO; gS& a ¼v½ ÞekSdk <w<¡ + jgh Fkh] ekSdk fey x;kA og gtker cukrs chuw ds ikl Vgy vkbZ FkhA gtker chuw xqly[kkus esa ugha [kqys esa j[kh [kkV ij cSBdj cukrk gS vius firk dh rjgA <Ddu esa 'kh'kk yxh mlh iqjkuh land w ph dk iYyk [kksydjA Hkwfedk t:jh ugha le>h lks çLrqr ugha dh&^eq>s #i, pkfg, chuw---de ls de ik¡p gtkjA* ^#i,\---ik¡p gtkj\* pkSd a uk t:jh Fkk---chuw dkA brus lkyksa esa ,d iksVyh tSlh ek¡ dh bruh yach tqcku fudy vkbZ gSA &D;k djus gS\a ^dqN Hkh djus gksAa *

19@ ladYiuk 19@la

ûgha crk;k rks ugha feysx a As * ^crk;k rks fey tk,¡x\s * ^'kk;n--* chuw us gtker tkjh j[khA ^j{kk dks'k esa Hkstus gSAa ß24 ¼vk½ ÞxksnHkjkbZ l/kok,¡ fd;k djrh gS]a os rks fo/kok FkhaA os la'k; cgqr nsj rd u >sy ldha rks mUgksua s fgpdrs gq, /khesa ls vius yM+dk&cgw ls iwNk&êq>s Hkh pyuk gS D;k\* ^D;ksa vki D;ksa ugha tk,¡xh\* ûgha] ,slk Fkk fd eq>s rks xksn Mkyuk ughaA og rks l/kok,¡ gh Mkyrh gSAa * ^;s VksVds ;gk¡ ugha pyrs( muds yM+ds us dgk& pfy,] xksn nwljh vkSjrsa Mky ysx a h] vkidk vk'khokZn rks pkfg,] cM+s cw<k+ as dk vk'khokZn feyrk dgk¡ gSAß25 ¼b½ Þ?kj ykSVdj 'kke dks tc lc cSBs Fks rks mUgksua s vius iksrs ls ckr NsMh+ ] viuh rjQ ls ckr dks [kwc gYdk cukrs gq, g¡lh&etkd ds ygts es& a HkS;k! ge vc vk gh x, gSa rks cacbZ gh #d tkrs gS]a tc gqob;k gksxk rks >V ls igq¡p rks ldrs gS-a - ;g ?kj gks ;k og ?kjAß26 mi;qä Z m)j.kksa esa o`) ik= fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa vius cPpksa ij fuHkZj gSa ;k rks vkfFkZd :i ls ;k fdlh vU; :i esAa os vius cPpksa ij gh vkfJr gSAa blhfy, chuw dh ek¡] chuw ls ckr djus dk ekSdk ryk'krh gS vkSj ,dkar ikdj ik¡p gtkj #i;ksa dh ek¡x djrh gSA mlh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* vkSj ^b* esa o`) nknh vkfFkZd :i ls vius csVksa vkSj csVs ds csVs ij fuHkZj gSA blhfy, o`)k nknh viuh ckr dks iksrs ls Li"V :i ls u dgdj b/kj&mèkj dh ckrsa djds crkrh gSA mUgsa irk gS fd vxj mu yksxksa dks mudh dgh ckr ilan ugha vkbZ rks os yksx mUgsa okil ?kj Hkst nsx a As blhfy, o`)k nknh xaHkhj ckr dks Hkh gYds etkfd;k <ax ls dgrh gSA ¼eq>s Hkh pyuk gS D;k] eq>s rks xksn Mkyuk ugha gSA og rks l/kok,¡ Mkyrh gS]a vkSj HkS;k! ge vc vk gh x, gSa rks cacbZ gh #d tkrs gS]a tc gqob;k gksxk rks >V ls igq¡p rks ldrs gS-a -- ;g ?kj gks ;k og ?kj½A o`)ksa dh okrkZ vkjaHk dh fLFkfr;ksa dks n;kuan vuar vkSj jkedqekj Hkzej us viuh dgkfu;ksa ^lhesaV esa mxh ?kkl* vkSj êksgrkt* esa n'kkZ;k gS& ¼v½ ÞxqM ekfuax Z lj! v[k+ckj i<+ jgs gS\a dksbZ rdyhQ rks ugha gqbZ jkr es\a vkSj og tkyh ds ckgj ls gh dejs dk eqvk;uk djus yxs] ^vjs vki jkr dks tehu ij lks,\ bV bl oSjh cSMA vkius gesa D;ksa ugha crk;k\ , eSu 'kqM---'kqM ch ;wtQqy Vw , eSuA , ÝSM a bu uhM+ bl ---A D;k cguth vkSj cPps Hkh tehu ij lks,---\* gk¡ ikaMs th lc yksx tehu gh ij lks,Aß27 ¼vk½ Þuhjt ugha vk;k vc rd\ß I;kyk [kRe djrs gh jk/kk us loky dj fn;kA mruh gh Rofjrrk ls 'kkjnk dk mÙkj vk;k] ÞfnYyh esa v‚fQl tkrs vkSj ykSVrs gh rhu

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?kaVs chr tkrs gSa ek¡ thA lqcg vkB cts x,] jkr vkB cts ykSVAas ;gh ;gk¡ dh ftanxh gSAß28 m)j.k ^v* esa ikaMs th tks vius ?kj ds Lo;a drkZ&/krkZ gSAa muds ?kj esa 'kekZ th fdjk, ij jgus ds fy, vkrs gSa rks nwljs fnu lqcg gh og ?kj dh fLFkfr dk eqvk;uk djus ds fy, igq¡p tkrs gSAa mudk Hkk"kk O;ogkj edku ekfyd ds egRo ds vuq:i gSA os okrkZ vkjaHk djrs gq, vkRefo'okliwod Z vfHkoknu djrs gSa vkSj gkypky iwNrs gSAa blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* esa o`)k jk/kk vius csVs ds nsj ls ykSVus dks fpafrr gS ysfdu cgw ls bl lac/a k esa lh/ks&lh/ks iwNus esa ladksp djrh gSA blhfy, pk; [kRe gksus rd çrh{kk djrh gS vkSj rc ckrphr vkjaHk djus ds fy, laf{kIr lk ç'u iwNrh gSA bl ç'u esa dksbZ ç'uokpd 'kCn lfEefyr ugha gS cfYd fu”ks/kkRed okD; jpuk ls gh dke fy;k x;k gSA ¼uhjt ugha vk;k vc rd½A o`)ksa ds okrkZyki vkjaHk dks jes'k mik/;k; us viuh dgkuh ^'kkieqfä* esa n'kkZ;k gS& Þvjs ge Hkh bykgkckn ds gh gSßa & nknh eq> ls igys gh cksy mBhaA ÞvPNk\ cM+h [kq'kh gqb& Z ÞM‚DVj çHkkr us lpeqp [kq'k gksdj iwNk Þbykgkckn esa dgk¡ jgrs gSa vki yksx\ß29 mi;qä Z m)j.k esa o`)k nknh ;g lqudj fd ftl M‚DVj ls og viuh vk¡[kksa dk bykt djokus vkbZ gS og Hkh bykgkckn dk gh gS] os Lo;a gh viuk okrkZyki vkjaHk dj nsrh gSA ;gk¡ foosfpr m)j.k esa ls vf/kdrj esa ls o`) ik= fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa vius cPpksa ij fuHkZj gSAa vkfFkZd :i ls ;k vU; :i ls cPpksa ij vkfJr gSAa mudh viuh ethZ dh vc dksbZ vgfe;r ugha jg xbZA blhfy, okrkZyki ds nkSjku lacksf/kr O;fä pkgs csVk gks ;k cgw ;k ifjokj dk vkSj dksbZ lnL;] os Li"Vksfä dk ç;ksx ugha djrsA os Li"V dFku ls blfy, cprs gSa fd dgha cPps mudh dgh ckrksa ls ukjkt u gks tk,¡A ¼[k½ okrkZ ifjorZu euq"; dk LoHkko gS fd og ftu phtksa ;k ckrksa dks ilan ugha djrk mUgsa og Vkyuk pkgrk gSA muls cpuk pkgrk gSA o`) tc fdlh ckr dks cnyrs gSa rks blls çdkjkarj ls mudh lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa rFkk ekufldrk dk [kqyklk gksrk gSA vDlj ns[kk tkrk gS fd o`) viuh ckrksa dks euokus ds fy, mu ckrksa ij fo'ks"k cy nsrs gSAa tc mUgsa yxrk gS fd mudh ckrksa dk leFkZu ugha fd;k tk jgk rc os ml ckr dks cny nsrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ& ¼v½ Þcqf<+;k fQj lks xbZA Hkxr us fQj fdokM+ [kksy]s brus /khjs ls fd cqf<+;k dks [kcj Hkh u gqbAZ ckgj fudy vk;kA mlh oä xk¡o dk pkSdhnkj x'r yxk jgk Fkk cksyk ---dSls mBs Hkxr\ vkt rks cM+h lnhZ gSA dgha tk jgs gks D;k\

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ÞHkxr us dgk---ugha th] tkÅ¡xk dgk¡A ns[krk Fkk] vHkh fdruh jkr gSA Hkyk dS cts gksx a \s ß30 bl m)j.k esa jkr esa pkSdhnkj }kjk Hkxr ls ;g iwNus ij fd dSls mBs Hkxr\ vkt rks cM+h lnhZ gS ds tokc esa og dgrk gS fd og dgha ugha tk jgk( fQj ckr cnydj dgrk gS fd og rks ns[k jgk gS fd vHkh fdruh jkr vkSj ckdh gSA Hkxr dk ckr cnyus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd og M‚DVj c=k ds csVs dks ns[kus tkuk pkgrk gS ftls jkr esa ,d tgjhys lk¡i us dkV fy;k gSA ijarq og ugha pkgrk fd dksbZ ;g tkus fd og bruh jkr dgk¡ x;k FkkA ¼vk½ ÞD;k ckrsa gksrh jgrh gSa rqe nksuksa dhA* iRuh us 'kadk Hkjh fuxkgsa pkjksa rjQ nkSMk+ bZA ^iqjkuh laxh&lkfFk;ksa ls tqMs+ fdLls dgdj eu cgyk jgs FksA* ^gk¡ vc rks rqEgsa vius gh yksx ;kn vk,¡xAs ge rks lnk ls gh ijk, jgsA vius [kkunku okyksa dh ckrsa djksxs rks Nqidj gh djksxAs ß31 bl m)j.k esa o`) vius csVs ls viuh vafre bPNk dks crkrk gS fd og ,d ckj viuh çsfedk ls feyuk pkgrk gSA cki&csVs dh xqIr okrkZ dks ns[kdj mldh iRuh dejs esa vkdj iwNrh gS& rqe yksxksa dh D;k xqIr ckrsa gksrh jgrh gSAa bl ckr dks cnydj dgrk gS fd og rks dqN iqjkuh ckrs]a iqjkus laxh lkfFk;ksa ls tqMs+ fdLlksa dks dgdj eu cgyk jgs gS]a D;ksfa d og viuh çsfedk ds lac/a k esa viuh iRuh ds le{k ppkZ ugha djuk pkgrkA mi;qä Z nksuksa m)j.kksa ls irk pyrk gS fd o`) vius vfgr dh fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ppkZ ls cpuk pkgrs gSAa o`)ksa ds blh cpko ls os iyk;uoknh ls utj vkrs gS]a rFkk muds le>kSrkoknh gksus ds çek.k çkIr gksrs gSAa blls Li"V gS fd okrkZyki dh fofo/k ;qfä;k¡ o`)ksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr;ks]a vk;q] ifjos'k] laL—fr vkfn dbZ ç'uksa ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrh gSAa o`)ksa dh okrkZ dsoy muds fy, gh ifjofrZr ugha gksrhA og dHkh&dHkh okrkZ ifjorZu dk lanHkZ cPpksa ds fgr esa Hkh djrs gSAa o`)koLFkk esa vius vki dh vkSj ikfjokfjd lq[k&'kkafr ds fy, o`) bl çdkj dh cglksa esa ugha iM+rs ftuds dkj.k mUgsa ;k ifjokj ds yksxksa dks ijs'kkuh mBkuh iM+As ¼x½ ç'u] vkns'k vkSj fouezrk o`)koLFkk esa o`)ksa ds okrkZyki ds nkSjku tgk¡ ,d rjQ f>>d fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ogha nwljh rjQ o`) viuh ckr dks ç'u vkSj vkns'k ds ek/;e ls Hkh O;ä djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa o`)ksa ds lkekftd lanHkZ esa ç'u vkSj vkns'k dh Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tSl& s ¼v½ ÞHkqxuh& D;ksa NksM+ dj fudy tkÅ¡\ ckjg o"kZ [ksr tksrus ls vklkeh dk'rdkj gks tkrk gSA eSa rks bl >ksiM+h esa o`)k gks xbZA esjs lkl&llqj vkSj muds cki nkns blh >ksiM+h esa jgs gSAa vc bls ;ejkt dks NksMd + j vkSj dksbZ eq> ls ugha ys 32 ldrkAß ¼vk½ ÞcPps dk Loj muds fQtwy ls ç'u ls [kh>k&cksfyax dj jgk FkkA*&vPNkA---rks 22@ ladYiuk 22@la

ckgj vkdj [kqn D;ksa ugha <w¡<+ ysrs viuh xsna \* cPps dk vk'k; Hkkai os eqLdqjk,A xsV esa rkyk yxk gSA rkyk [kqyok yks eEeh lsA* êEeh uflax Z gkse xbZ gSA* ûkSdjkuh rks gksxh ?kj es\a ß33 ¼b½ ÞvHkh vkSipkfjd ckrsa gks gh jgh Fkha fd nknk dh utj vpkud fçafliy ds dejs esa j[ks ikS/kksa ds xeyksa ij iM+hA lcdh dej ,sBa h gqbZ lh ekywe gksrh Fkh ftlds dkj.k ,d Hkh ikS/kk viuh Å¡pkbZ ij [kM+k ugha gks ik jgk FkkA nknk th ls jgk ugha x;k vkSj iwN cSBs ,DlD;wt eh eSMe D;k eSa iwN ldrk gw¡ fd ;g dkSu lk ikS/kk gS\ îhiy dk\* ^vkSj og\* ôg uhe dk gSA* ^;g foyk;r okys Hkh vktdy u tkus dSl& s dSls uhe cuk ysrs gSAa ojuk gekjs ;gk¡ rks uhe dh Nk¡o dk gh dksbZ eqdkcyk ughaAß34 ¼bZ½ Þviuk dLck gksrk rks fdl gqykl ds lkFk lc dqN djrha ---ij pyks os gSa rks ekStnw ] ;gh D;k de gSA igq¡pdj urcgw tgk¡ cSBus tk jgh Fkh] mlds cxy esa dqlhZ esa cSB xbZ vkSj pkSd iwjus ls 'kq: djds ---lc dqN crkus yxh& vc ,slk djks] vc oSlkA cgw ,slh oSlh dksbZ Hkh lkM+h ugha uSgj dh lkM+h] uSgj ds tsoj igudj cSBx s hA 35 mudh vkokt esa iqjkuk vkRefo'okl vk x;k FkkAß ¼m½ ÞD;k tkus M‚DVj yksxA vjs] ;g rqe FkksMs+ gh [kk jgh gks] rqEgkjs Hkhrj cSBk tho--bZ'oj dk va'k ek¡x jgk gS] [kk jgk gS---mldh bPNk ekj ldrh gks D;k rqe\ mldh gj bPNk iwjh gksuh pkfg,Aß36 mi;qä Z lHkh m)j.kksa esa o`) ik= fdlh u fdlh çdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ç'u vkSj vkns'k nsrs gq, ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa m)j.k ^v* esa Bkdqj }kjk Hkqxuh dks xk¡o NksMd + j tkus ds vkns'k ds ckotwn Hkqxuh viuk VwVk gqvk HkkM+ cukus yxrh gSA Hkqxuh }kjk okil HkkM+ cukus ij Bkdqj ls mldk okn&fookn gksrk gS( Hkqxuh Bkdqj ls >ksiM+h NksMu+ s ds fo"k; esa Bkdqj ls ç'u iwNrh gS fd eSa xk¡o NksMd + j D;ksa fudy tkÅ¡ tcfd blh xk¡o esa eSa cpiu ls cw<h+ gks xbZA mlds ç'u ds lkFk vius vf/kdkj dks O;ä djusokyk rdZ Hkh tqMk+ gqvk gSA blh çdkj m)j.k ^vk* % cPps vkSj lpnsok ds chp gqbZ okrkZ esa lpnsok dk cPps ls ç'u djuk vkSj mls vkns'k nsuk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA m)j.k ^b* % tc o`)k nknk vius iksrs dks Ldwy esa ,Meh'ku ds fy, ysdj tkrs gSa ogk¡ fçafliy ds dejs ds ikl xeyksa esa yxs isMk+ as ds lanHkZ esa mudh tk¡p iM+rky djuk muds ç'u lwpd lanHkZ dks çLrqr djrk gSA m)j.k ^bZ* % o`)k nknh tks vius iksrs ds ?kj vkbZ gSA urcgw xHkZorh gSA ;gk¡ vkt mldh

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xksn HkjkbZ dh jLe gksuh gSA o`)k nknh ;gh lksprh gS fd vxj ;g dk;ZØe muds dlcs esa gksrk rks os cM+h /kwe&/kke ls eukrh ij fQj Hkh mUgsa bl ckr dh [kq'kh gS fd os viuh urcgw ds ikl gh cSB xbZ vkSj ogha cSBh&cSBh lHkh dks vkns'k nsrh jgh fd ,slk djks] ,slk er djksA blh lanHkZ esa m)j.k ^m* o`)k nknh viuh urcgw dks xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku Hkkstu xzg.k lacèa kh fgnk;rsa nsrh gqbZ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA buds vykok ;gk¡ ckcw flag pkSgku] lqj's k mfu;ky] eqjkjh 'kekZ vkSj fxjh'k vLFkkuk dh dgkfu;ksa ^?kqu*] ^xzke ekrk*] ^eqëh Hkj /kwy*] vkSj ^cq<Å + dk vk/kqfudhdj.k* ds va'k Hkh æ"VO; gS& a ¼v½ ÞmUgsa vHkh rd xqLlk vk;k gqvk FkkA iRuh ds vkrs gh QV iM+& s irk ugha] esjs tkus ds ckn rqe D;k djrh jgrh gksA lQkbZ dk rks fcYdqy [+k;ky ugha jgrk! vc ns[kks] lkjs ?kj esa ?kqu mlh rjg QSyh gqbZ gSA dbZ ckj dg pqdk gw¡] ,d ds ctk, nks ckj >kM+w ekjk djks] rHkh nwj gksx a As ij dksbZ lqus rc u! ?kj dks fcYdqy vtk;c?kj cuk j[kk gSA vkSj iRuh dks cksyus dk ekSdk fn, fcuk gh nwljs ç'u ml ij nkx fn;k& gk¡ vkSj je.k dgk¡ gS\ vk;k ugha vHkh\ og Hkh ykVlkgc gS] ykVlkgcAß37 ¼vk½ ÞcsVs us mls le>k;k Hkh Fkk] Þckiw tehu dk bruk eksg Bhd ugha gSA fdlku dk thuk Hkh dksbZ thuk gS\ Ng eghus [ksr esa ilhus cgkvks vkSj ekSle dk fetkt fcxM+k rks fQj ogh <kd ds rhu ikr lwi ds eqg¡ esa Hkh nkuk fudy tkrk gS-Aß exj #fy;k mlds bl rdZ ls lger ugha Fkk& xqLls ls mldk ru&cnu ty mBk] Þcgqr cM+k vkneh gks x;k gS rw--- cM+h&cM+h ckrsa dj ysrk gS vcA -ij csVk ;s ckrsa D;ksa Hkwy x;k rw fd rsjs vui<+ cki us bl feêh esa viuk ilhuk cgkdj rqe HkkbZ&cguksa dks iky iksldj bl dkfcy cuk;k gSA --- exj csVk ;s er Hkwy fdlku [ksr esa gy tksrrk gS rks ;s mudk deZ gS---tks deZ djrk gS ogh Qy dk gdnkj Hkh gksrk gSAß38 ¼b½ Þcj[kqjnkj eSua s ;s cky /kwi esa FkksMs+ gh lQsn fd, gS\a dgdj vCcw tksj ls g¡l iM+As * ^vksg MSM ;w vkj fj;yh xzVs A* ^vc rqe gn ls ckgj gks jgs gks* vCcw us dej dks MkaV fiykbZA ^;g MSM&oSM eq>s vPNk ugha yxrk] ikus cPpksa ls rqe Hkys gh vius vki dks MSM dgyokuk] le>s! MSM] gag! vHkh eSa ekjk ugha gw¡Aß39 ¼bZ½ Þjkew dh ,d Vk¡x VwVh ij HkXxks dks ,d dke fey x;k] og xk¡o&Hkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj enksZa dks rkus nsrh] ykur HkstrhA lkjk xk¡o lj ij mBk fy;k mlusA vkSj ,d fnu rks tc xk¡o iapk;r dh lHkk gks jgh Fkh HkXxks ls uk jgk x;kA Hkjh iapk;r esa tkdj xjt iM+h % Þvjs vks feêh ds ek/koks] rqEgkjs Hkkx dh ykt dgk¡ pyh xbZA

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cus cSBs gks iap] ljiapA xk¡o ds jkLrksa dk Hkh irk gSA dyqvk dk jeqvk rks gks x;k yaxM+k vc D;k lkjs xk¡o dks yaxM+k djksxAs ß40 ¼m½ ÞHkXxks us dM+drh vkokt esa dgk&Þjf/k;k ds ckiw] rq>s iSls pkfg, uk\ rks ys csp Mky] esjh xk; gS bl lkjs xk¡o dh ek¡] csp ns bls ysfdu jf/k;k ugha fcdsxh] og rsjh gh ugha lkjs xk¡o dh csVh gSA dksbZ 'keZnkj viuh csVh ugha cspk djrkA xíkj ikuh ek¡ csp Mkyrs gSAa ß41 mi;qä Z m)j.kksa esa o`)ksa dk fdlh&u&fdlh :i esa ç'u djuk vkSj vkns'k nsuk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ekuk fd o`) vius cPpksa ij vkfJr gSa fdarq dqN fo"k;ksa ij o`) vius fl)karksa ls le>kSrk ugha djrsA ogk¡ mudk vk;qtfur cM+Iiu vkSj okrkZ dh fofo/k ;qfä;ksa ds lkFk ç'u vkSj vkns'k dk Hkko Li"V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ç'u vkSj vkns'k o`)ksa ds ifjos'k ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrs gSAa o`)ksa dks dqN lq[k&lqfo/kk,¡ nsdj uo;qod ih<+h lksprh gS fd mUgksua s viuk drZO; iwjk dj fn;kA o`)ksa dh lq[k&lqfo/kk,¡ lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk euksoK S kfud miknkuksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSAa dsoy ;g eku ysuk dkQh ugha gS fd o`)ksa dks D;k pkfg, nks oä dk Hkkstu vkSj ru ij diM+As mUgsa dsoy Hkkstu] diM+kas dh gh pkg ugha gksrh cfYd eq[; :i ls mudh pkg gksrh gS fd ?kj&ifjokj esa mudk opZLo cuk jgsA mUgsa ;g vglkl pkfg, fd os Hkh ml ifjokj ds vfHkUu vax gSAa tc o`)ksa dks ;g vglkl gksrk gS fd ifjokj ds yksxksa us muls nwfj;k¡ cukuh 'kq: dj nh gS rc mUgsa vius opZLo dks LFkkfir djuk iM+rk gSA dHkh&dHkh fouezrk rks dHkh cyiwod Z A ,slk cgqr de gh gksrk gS fd o`) vius opZLo dks lekt ds le{k cyiwod Z j[krs gksA o`) vius opZLo dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, fouezrk dk lgkjk ysrs gSAa o`)ksa dh Hkk"kk ds bl i{k ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa çsepan dh dgkuh ^vyX;ks>k* dk ;g va'k ns[kk tk ldrk gS& Þrqeus esjs cky&cPpksa ds fy, tks dqN fd;k] og eSa Hkwy ugha ldrhA rqeus buds flj ij gkFk u j[kk gksrk rks vkt budh u tkus D;k xfr gksrh] u tkus fdlds }kj ij Bksdjsa [kkrs gksr]s u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ Hkh[k ek¡xrs fQjrsA rqEgkjk tl ejrs ne rd xkÅ¡xh] vxj esjh [kky rqEgkjs twrs cukus ds dke vk,] rks [kq'kh ls ns nw¡Aß42 lkFk gh ;gk¡ ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd Hkys gh o`) vius cPpksa ij fuHkZj gksa ¼cw<h+ dkdh] phQ dh nkor] vyX;ks>k] Nr ij nLrd] lk/ks]a ek¡] ;{kç'u½ ;k mUgsa viuh lsokfuo`fÙk ds ckn is'a ku fey jgh gks ¼xsna ] le;½ ?kj&ifjokj esa cPpksa ij fdlh u fdlh :i esa vkfJr gSAa vius ifjokj esa gh vius opZLo dks LFkkfir djuk o`)ksa ds fy, lcls cM+h leL;k gSA ;gk¡ o`)ksa dk Hkk"kk ç;ksx mudh lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ikfjokfjd fLFkfr;ksa rFkk vk;q] ifjos'k vkSj laL—fr ls tqMd + j lkeus vkrk gSA la n HkZ 1- çsepan] ek¡] ek¡] i`- 20 2- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 120

25@ ladYiuk 25@la

3- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 137 4- t;'kadj çlkn] eerk] t;'kadj çlkn dh Js"B dgkfu;k¡] i`- 8 5- Hkh"e lkguh] phQ dh nkor] çfrfuf/k dgkfu;k¡] i`- 23 6- ;'kiky] dkSu tkus] ySEi 'ksM] i`- 31&32 7- lqHkæk dqekjh pkSgku] dSyk'kh ukuh] ukjh ân; rFkk vU; dgkfu;k¡] i`- 45 8- e`nqyk xxZ] Nr ij nLrd] laxfr&folaxfr] laiw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ Hkkx&2] i`- 609 9- f'kokuh] nknh] ¼jfr foyki½] i`- 135 10- M‚- dey dqekj] vEek] fnO;yksd ¼2008 ½] i`- 93&94 11- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 61 12- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 64 13- jke/kkjh flag fnokdj] viuk ?kj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 70 14- lquhy dkSf'kd] ijkftr] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 124 15- lR;jkt] vuf/k—r LoIu] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 118 16- eatqy Hkxr] nknh dk cVqvk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 87 17- ujsaæ dksgyh] 'kVy ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 66 18- ujsaæ dksgyh] 'kVy] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 68 19- f'koçlkn flag] nknh ek¡] olar Hkkx&2] i`- 7 20- f'koçlkn flag] nknh ek¡] olar Hkkx&2] i`- 9 21- fxfjjktfd'kksj] Qkby nkf[ky n¶rj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 45 22- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] çsepan] i`- 139 23- m"kk fç;aonk] okilh] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22 24- jkth lsB] mruh nwj] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 32 25- xksfoan feJ] lk/ks]a okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 39 26- xksfoan feJ] lk/ks]a okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½ i`- 41 27- n;kuan vuar] lhesaV esa mxh ?kkl] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 52&53 28- jkedqekj Hkzej] eksgrkt] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 109 29- jes'k mik/;k;] 'kkieqfä] dyki 30- çsepan] ea=] çsepan dh dqN vej dgkfu;k¡] i`- 149 31- mfeZyk f'kjh"k] ck¡/kks u uko bl Bkao ca/kq] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 142 32- çsepan] fo/oa'k] ek¡] i`- 31 33- fp=k eqnxy] xsna ] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½ i`- 52 34- ;ksfxrk ;kno] cksulkbZ] çxfr'khy olq/kk] ledkyhu dgkuh fo'ks"kkad] i`- 22 35- xksfoan feJ] lk/ks]a okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 39&40 36- xksfoan feJ] lk/ks]a okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 41 37- lqjs'k mfu;ky] ?kqu] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 130&131 38- eqjkjh 'kekZ] eqëh Hkj /kwy] ledkyhu Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ¼uoacj&fnlacj 2007½] i`- 79 39- fxjh'k vLFkkuk] cq<+Å dk vk/kqfudhdj.k] okxFkZ ¼fnlacj 1999½] i`- 77 40- ckcw flag pkSgku] xzke ekrk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 82 41- ckcw flag pkSgku] xzke ekrk] ¼la- fxfjjkt'kj.k½] o`)koLFkk dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 85 42- çsepan] vyX;ks>k] ek¡] i`- 128

26@ ladYiuk 26@la

nfyr lkfgR; dh Hkk"kk % ^VwVrs laokn* dk lanHkZ & larks"k fot; equs'oj Hkk"kk fopkjksa dh laokfgdk gSA oLrqr% Hkk"kk vkSj lekt dk lac/a k vU;ksU;kfJr gSA lekt esa ç;qä Hkk"kk fo"ke:ih gksrh gSA ;g blfy, laHko gS pwf¡ d Hkk"kk vyx&vyx lkekftd lanHkksZa esa vyx&vyx O;fä;ksa }kjk ç;qä gksrh gSA blfy, ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd Hkk"kk ds vHkko esa euq"; dk lkekthdj.k laHko ugha gSA çfl) Hkk"kkfon~ çks- fnyhi flag dh ekU;rk gS fd ^^Hkk"kk Lo;a esa îksVfas 'k;y* gS] Hkjiwj vFkZ çxVhdj.k dh {kerk vkSj ltZukRed lkeF;Z ls vkPNkfnrA Hkk"kk esa vFkZ'kD;rk dh mifLFkfr dk rkRi;Z Hkk"kk ç;ksäk dh ml iw.kZrk ls gS fd og Hkk"kk ds lgkjs D;k&D;k dj ldrk gSA Hkk"kk ç;ksäk ls vfHkçsr ;gk¡ flQZ cksyus okys ¼Lihdj½ ls ugha gS ¼tSlk fd yksx le>us dh Hkwy djrs gS½a cfYd Jksrk] ys[kd] ikBd ls Hkh gSA**1 bl ekU;rk ds vkyksd esa ;gk¡ nfyr lkfgR;dkj ds-,l- rwQku ds y?kqdFkk ladyu ^VwVrs laokn* ds Hkkf"kd oSf'k"Vî dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k nfyr foe'kZ dh –f"V ls fd;k tk jgk gSA ukedj.k dh rn~Hkork Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa laLdkjksa dk fo”ks’k egRo gSA ^^;s laLdkj le; ij ikfjokfjd ,drk dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gS]a tks lekt dks ,drk ds lw= esa ck¡/ks j[kus ds vko';d ,oa vpwd ç;Ru gSAa bUgha lksyg laLdkjksa esa ls ,d egRoiw.kZ laLdkj gS ûkedj.k* ;k ûke fu/kkZj.k* laLdkjA**2 çk;% ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd Hkkjrh; uke ds lkFk ekrk] firk] nknk] nknh] ukuk] ukuh dk uke tqMk+ feyrk gS rks dgha dqy nsork] xzg] ns'k dh ufn;k¡ vkfn dk uke tqMk+ feyrk gSA bruk gh ugha fdlh O;fä ds xq.kksa vkSj voxq.kksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij Hkh uke nsus dh çFkk Hkkjrh; lekt esa çpfyr gSA ;s uke vfHk/kkFkZ] y{k.kkFkZ ;k fQj O;aX;kFkZ rhuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh çdkj ds gks ldrs gSAa tgk¡ ,d vksj lo.kZ lekt esa uke ds lkFk nsoh ;k nsork dk uke tksMs+ tkus dh çFkk gS ogha nwljh vksj nfyr lekt esa ukeksa dk rn~Hkohdj.k ik;k tkrk gSA nfyrksa esa ûudw* gks ldrk gS ûkudjke* ughaA nfyrks@ a okYehfd;ksa ds uke] fnuks]a eghuks]a R;ksgkjks]a twrks]a pj.kks]a dkSfM+;ks]a de ewY; ds flDdks]a dkys jax vkfn ij j[kus dk çko/kku] lo.kksZa ds /kwrrZ kiw.kZ ‘kM;a=ksa ds dkj.k nfyrksa ds ,sl& s ,sls uke feysx a s ftudk vFkZ 'kCndks'k esa Hkh [kkstus ls ugha feysxkA lkseokj % lkseokj ds fnu tUe ysus okys nfyr@okYehfd uj cPpksa dk uke lkekU;r% lqejs k] lqejk] lqe: vkfn j[kk tkrk jgk gSA eaxyokj % bl fnu mRiUu tUes cPpksa dk uke eaxy] eaxyw] eaxfy;k] eaxr] eaxrs] eaxok j[kk tkrk gSA cq/kokj % bl fnu iSns gksus okys cPpksa dk uke vkerkSj ij cq)]w cqf/k;k] cq/k;k] fof/k;k 27@ ladYiuk 27@la

j[kk tkrk gSA blh çdkj c`gLifrokj ¼tqejs kr½ dks tUe ysus okys cPpksa dk uke tqejks rFkk xqjok] 'kqØokj ¼tqeka½ dks tUes cPpksa ds uke tqEek] 'kfuokj dks tUes cPpksa ds uke luhpj] Fkkefj;k rFkk jfookj dks tUes cPpksa dk brokjh j[ks tkus dh ck/;rk@ijaijk dk ikyu gksrk jgk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd /keZHkh#rk ds pyrs fdlh nfyr us iafMr ls iwN fy;k fd cPps thrs ugha gS]a D;k djuk pkfg,A cl iafMr dks ukeksa dh NhNkysnkj djus dh vPNh lkexzh fey xbZA mlus crk;k fd uotkr f'k'kq dks Nkt ¼lwi½ esa j[kdj [khap nsukA ,sls cPps dk uke NTtw] Ntok] ?klhVk] f?kLlw] f?kLlk] f?kLluk] [kSp a ]w [kPpw] [kpsMw j[kk tkrk rFkk iafMr ds crk, vuqlkj uotkr f'k'kqvksa dk twrksa ls rksyuk] ?kkl ls rksyuk] dku Nsnuk vkfn dqçFkk,¡ Hkh çpfyr FkhaA twrksa ls rksys x, f'k'kq dk uke ftÙkw] ftÙkok] tqrok] rqyok] rksYgk j[kk tkuk lkekU; ckr FkhA ?kkl ls rqyus okyksa dk uke fu'p; gh ?kklh vFkok ?kklhjke j[kk tkrk FkkA ftu cPpksa ds dku Nsn@cha/k fn, tkrs Fks] muds uke fNnok] Nsnk] Nsnh] fNíw] dufNnk] cqna s rFkk cqna ok gksrs FksA Þczkã.koknh uhp ço`fÙk ds dkj.k nfyrks@ a okYehfd;ksa ds uke vkerkSj ls gqyok] Hkqyok] HkqDdM ¼Hkw[kk jgus okyk&vFkkZr ftldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr n;uh; gks½] HkqD[ks] HkqDdu] fHkDdu] fHk[kkjh ¼Hkh[k ekaxdj [kkus okyk] Qdhj½] xjhck] uRFkw] QÙkw] NqUuw] eqUuw] VqUuw] jkeyky] jkedyk] jke[ksykou] jkepj.k] gjpj.k] Hkxokunkl] bZ'ojnkl] Nqêu] QqLlu] QqLls] Qqlok] pks[ku] pqMn+ h] jkek] xkek] fNÙkj ¼twr½s ] fyÙkj ¼twr½s ] iapdkSMh+ ] neM+h jke ¼iwod Z ky esa neM+h ds flDds pyrs FksA neM+h dk flDdk lcls de ewY; dk gksrk FkkA½] neM+h yky] NnEeh ¼iwod Z ky esa Nnke uked flDdk Hkh pyrk FkkA ;g Hkh cgqr de ewY; dk gksrk FkkA½] NnEek] dYyu] eYyu] rqYyu] jEeu] lEeu] tqEeu] pks[ksyky] :<+ok] fcLuk] uudk] uuok] euok] luok] lUus] eUus] ldVw ¼R;ksgkj ldV ds fnu tUek½] eVdh ¼xksy 'kjhj okyk½] fdM~B]w HkLlq] Hkjksl]s pquu] equu] [kjkrh ¼eq¶r esa feyk gqvk½] Hkksyk] nsoh nhu] fdïj] fd<+:] tnsok] gjnsok] uUgs]a fcUus] fcUuh] NksV]s eksV]s NksVu] xqêh] xqfV;kjs] gksf'k;kjs] jktw] Q;ktw] fu;ktw] galk] pr:] feëw] feBok] feëu] d<sjk] Mcyhjke] jks<k] xqnMw] [knMw] fpEeu] HkXxu ¼Hk; ds dkj.k Hkkxus okyk½] dkyw] ykyw] dkuw] Maxjw ] MkYyw] eoklh] jkerst] jkeçhr jke] lq[kjke] jkelq[k] ckcwjke] gYnhjke] fephZjke] dwM]s+ :<+]s dqMo+ k] dM+ok] yksVu] dqQjh] Nax]w eax]w Naxk] ve:] vejs] Hkjrk] Hkjrw] dkys] dkfy;k] dywVk] HkqM a k] lM+k] VsM a k] dkyhpju] dyok] eqdna h] eqlnh] eqUuk] pqUuk] ykyw] ys[kk] Vsdk] yìw] yM+ok] bany] banj] panj] Hkar]s xaxkjke] xaxknkl] ek;knkl] cÙkw] lÙkw] larks[kh] pquok] equok] eks[kk] dYyw] eVYyw] NYyw] QqYyw] exu] lXxu] jXxu] eD[ku] lfn;k] lxuk] cksMk] /kuok] euok] ewyk] /kwyk] fnykoj] txuk] pan:] f<Yyw] fcYyw] fnYyw] flYyw] lXxw] HkXxw] lark] Hkark] [kokuh] [k;kyh] jX?kw] eX?kw] yYyw] cYyw] jgrw] jgrok ¼tks b/kj&m/kj jgdj viuk Hkj.k&iks”k.k djrk gks½] j?kok] e?kok] lq[kuk] e[kok] Fkkuh] >Cck] >Ccu] >Eeu] ?kEew] lEew] jeoka] fVdhZ] pOgk] <Ook]

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xqjlk] rTtu] eTtu] cCcu] rCcu] 'kUuw] eUuw] rUuw] iyVw] iyVk] eqM a ok] xqM a ok] lqYyM+] HkqYyM+] dqYgM+] lksYgM+] eksYgM+] jxMw] >xMw] nxMw] jafx;k] eafx;k] >afx;k] Hkafx;k jke] jaxhyk] lfM+;ks] >fM+;k] lr:] eV:] lax:] eax:] nhuw] pan]w pkan]s Hkwj]s Hkwfj;k] líu] eíu] lXxs] eX?ks] Hkís ¼dq:i½ vkfn ?k`.kkLin uke j[kus dk çpyu FkkAÞ3 nfyr lekt esa ^xkscj* gks ldrk gS ^xkso/kZu* ughaA foosP; —fr esa ç;qä ukedj.kksa dh rn~Hkork ds dfri; mnkgj.k ns[ksa & uudw % ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 14½ uudw dVs o`{k dh Hkk¡fr ogha <sj gks x;kA gfj;k % ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ gfj;k uacj ,d tqvkjh] 'kjkch rFkk u'ksMh+ FkkA dkyw % ¼mldh jksVh] i`- 24½ dkyw&mldk jax dkyk jax Fkk] esy ls phdV deht] :[ks cky rFkk gj le; cgrh ukd ds dkj.k gh mldk uke dkyw iM+ x;k gSA uFkok % ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ tUedky ls gh Bkdqj laxkz e flag ds ;gk¡ ca/kqvk etnwj gSA jkeks % ¼fo'ks"kkf/kdkj] i`- 34½ jkeks Hkh dks;ys okyh ykbu esa dkMZ fy, viuk uacj vkus dh çrh{kk dj jgh gSA idkSMh+ ey % ¼'kqHkdkeuk,¡] i`- 41½ ykSVrs le; vkfr'kckth jkt/kkuh esa gh ugha] oju~ idkSMh+ ey ds ân; esa Hkh NwV jgh FkhA HkqDdM+ % ¼vkj{k.k] i`- 57½ iafMr th us ukd HkkSa fldksMr+ s gq, vkSj vifo=rk ds Hk; ls vius dks cpkrs gq, HkqDdM+ vk'kh"k nhA QÙkw % ¼y{eh dk vkxeu] i`- 62½ QÙkw dh >ksia M+h ds fn;ksa dh jks'kuh vius vki gh rst gks xbZ] D;ksfa d ogk¡ ij y{eh dk vkxeu tks gks x;k FkkA eaxw % ¼?kqMp + <+h dk le;] i`- 64½ nhoku th us muls nks lkS #i, nsus dks dgk rks eaxw grçHk jg x;kA /kfu;k % ¼Hkw[k vkSj vksoj Vkbe] i`- 69½ /kfu;k us bl vlkj lalkj esa vdsys gh Hkw[k ls yM+us dk ladYi ys fy;k gSA eaxrw % ¼cSd a _.k dh xqRFkh] i`- 76½ eaxrw [ksrhgj etnwj ds :i esa pkS/kjh mejko flag ds [ksrksa esa dke djrk FkkA nfyr Hkk"kk esa ns'ktrk lzkrs ds vk/kkj ij ns'k esa gh tUes 'kCnksa dks ns'kt 'kCn dgrs gSAa ;s 'kCn u gh rRle gksrs gS]a u gh rn~Hko vkSj u gh fons'khA ns'kt 'kCn Hkh nks çdkj ds gksrs gSAa ,d os ns'kt 'kCn gSa tks vuqdj.k ds ek/;e ls mRiUu gq, gksa vFkkZr~ vuqdj.kkRed ns'kt 'kCnA tSl& s gM+cM+] [kV[kV] /kM+/kM+ vkfnA nwljs os 'kCn gSa ftUgsa vKkr O;qRifÙkewyd ns'kt dgrs gSAa tSl& s ?kksVkyk] Nhuk>iVh vkfnA ;gk¡ foosP; —fr esa ç;qä ns'ktrk dks js[kkafdr fd;k tk jgk gSA dqN mnkgj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa & • ugj ds ikuh dk ukank dkVk x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 13½ • cnu esa >qj>qjh gksus yxhA ¼VwVrs laokn] i`- 9½

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• d‚yst ds dsæa h; d{k esa dgdgs] Bgkds xw¡t jgs gSAa ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • fctyh xqy gks tkuk A ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • NksVs cPps dy ids pkoyksa dh [kqjpu irhyh ls fudkyus esa ç;kljr gSAa ¼Hkw[k dk fj'rk] i`- 39½ • gky esa gcM+ rcM+ epus ds lkFk gh dbZ Hkkjh daB ph[k mBrs gSAa ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • Nhuk>iVh dk cktkj xeZ gSA ¼xíkj] i`- 11½ • jLlh ls yVdkdj lq[k dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;k FkkA ¼xíkj] i`- 12½ ;gk¡ ij ys[kd us ^mldks ekj Mkyk x;k* dk ç;ksx u djds ^lq[k dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;k Fkk* dk lanq j ç;ksx fd;k gS] pwf¡ d fganh Hkk"kk lekt esa og ç;ksx VScw gS vFkkZr~ oftZr gSA • cl ds vanj /kDdk&eqDdh gksuh LokHkkfod gh FkhA ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ • cl dks Fkkus dh vksj vkrh ns[k MîwVh ij rSukr Fkkusnkj ew¡Nksa esa eqLdqjk;k ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ ys[kd us ,d uwru ç;ksx fd;k gS& ew¡Nksa esa eqLdqjkukA • dHkh dHkh Qkdkd'kh dh ukScr Hkh vk tkrh FkhA ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ • çfrfnu pksjh] MdSrh] cykRdkj rFkk vU; çdkj dh ?kVuk,¡ /kM+k/kM+ gks jgh FkhA ¼vijkèk fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • iqfyl Hkh NhNkysnkj gksuk LokHkkfod gh FkkA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • la/;k dky gksrs gh ukxfjd vius&vius ?kjksa esa nqcd ls tkrs FksA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • nqdkunkjksa ls pkSFk olwy djukA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • Bsdns kj bl lekpkj dks lqudj HkquHkquk;k ¼vk/kkj f'kyk] i`- 23½ • gksVy ds Myko ¼dwMk+ ?kj½ ij u;k dwMk+ ykdj Mkyk x;k gSA ¼mldh jksVh] i`- 24½ • mldh 'kknh dk tqxkM+ Hkh gks x;k vkSj mlds ?kj nqYgu vkbZA ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ • os u'ks esa /kqÙk yM+[kM+krs gq, cM+cM+k jgs Fks vkSj nksuksa ds da/kksa ij tSls >wy jgs Fks ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ • mUgksua s ,d >UukVsnkj pk¡Vk ml efgyk ds eq¡g ij tM+ fn;k ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ • mlds fiYyksa dks BaM ls cpkus ds fy, dejs esa vaxhBh tykuk vko';d gSA ¼fo'ks"kkfèkdkj] i`- 35½ • iM+kl S h rFkk xzkeoklh Hkh ckydjke dh cnfdLerh ij xetnk FksA ¼ewY;oku dku] i`- 47½ a kjrs gq, mlds ,d ?kM+s esa ,slh ykr ekjh fd ?kM+k nwj rd yq<d + rk • o`)k us Øks/k ls Qqd pyk x;kA ¼vNwr ikuh] i`- 52½ • iafMrth esjk yM+dk vldwy ¼Ldwy½ dh rjQ ls vukfll ds de ¼,u-lh-lh- ds

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dSEi½ esa 'kgj ls ckgj x;k gSA ¼vkj{k.k] i`- 57½ • ,d NksVk lk yky ijpk ¼Vsyhxzke½ ¼?kqMp + <+h dk le;] i`- 63½ • iksLVeSu jQwpDdj gks x;k FkkA ¼?kqMp + <+h dk le;] i`- 63½ ¡ mBh • Nk=ksa dh flêh&fiêh xqe gks xbZ Fkh vkSj leLr cl ,d ckj iqu% Bgkdksa ls xwt FkhA ¼ugys ij ngyk] i`- 82½ • m/kj nksuksa O;fä] ftuds eq¡g ij <kVs ¼udkc½ ca/ks Fks] tyrh gqbZ e'kky >ksiM+kas ij Qsd a dj igys gh va/kdkj esa foyhu gks pqds FksA ¼ty vkSj thou] i`- 86½ varr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ds-,l- rwQku us ik= vkSj ifjos'k ds vuqdy w ns'ktrk dk ç;ksx fd;k gS ftlds dkj.k iBuh;rk vkSj laç"s k.kh;rk c<+ xbZ gSA xkyh vkSj vi'kCn dk ç;ksx xkyh vkSj vi'kCn dk ç;ksx xzkE;@nsgkrh yksx cgqr gh lgt :i ls djrs gSAa ;gk¡ foosP; —fr esa mi;qä xkfy;ksa ds mnkg.k çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA oLrqr% ys[kd us viuh y?kqdFkkvksa esa xkyh vkSj vi'kCn dk ç;ksx T;knk ugha fd;k gSA tgk¡ ik= xkyh nsrk gS ogk¡ ij ys[kd us xkyh dk ç;ksx u djds dsoy ladrs kRed :i ls ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd Qyk us Qyk dks xkyh nhA mnkgj.k ds fy, ^^okrkoj.k esa vc Hkh ml lTtu iq#"k dh xkfy;k¡ xw¡t jgh FkhaA** foosP; —fr esa ç;qä dqN vi'kCnksa ds mnkgj.k uhps fn, tk jgs gSa & • ^^bl dyeq¡gh dk fookg esjs iq= ds lkFk ,sls le; gqvk fd esjs iq= ij eqlhcr dk igkM+ VwV iM+kA** ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ lkl viuh cgw dks ckr&ckr ij dkslrh jgrh gSA og mlds gj dke esa ehues[k fudkyrh jgrh gSA vkSj ,d mnkgj.k ns[ks& a • vjh--- D;k rksM+ fn;k tuetyh ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ • D;k rsjh vk¡[ks QwV xbZ Fkh---mtM+s ?kj dh ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ • gk;----uk'kihVs ¼tkikuh Vh&lSV] i`- 80½ • vjs rksMk+ x s s ds fdlh dh yqxkbZ us ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ • vjs csdQ w ] ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ • bu dehuksa ds ?kj Hkh bl txg cuus nw¡xk! ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 91½ eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;k¡ dYiuk esa jaxh vfHkO;fä;k¡ gSAa buds ç;ksx ls Hkk"kk esa çokge;rk ,oa vFkZoÙkk O;aftr gksrs gSAa çR;sd Hkk"kk esa fof'k"V eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;k¡ feyrh gS]a ftuds ihNs ml Hkk"kk ds cksyus okyksa dh lkaL—frd ijaijk,¡ rFkk fof'k"V vuqHkoksa dh vfHkO;fä fufgr jgrh gSA ^VwVrs laokn* esa laxgz hr y?kqdFkkvksa esa ç;qä eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dh lwph fuEufyf[kr gS & • jLlh ls yVdkdj lq[k dh uhan lqyk fn;k x;kA ¼xíkj] i`- 12½

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lq[k dh uhan lqyk nsuk ^vFkkZr ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjuk vFkok ekj MkyukA êkj Mkyk*] êkSr gks xbZ*] êj x;k* vkfn dk ç;ksx djuk oftZr gSA blfy, ys[kd us mlds fodYi ds :i esa eqgkojs dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA • mlus vko ns[kk uk rkoA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 14½ • uudw dVs o`{k dh Hkk¡fr ogh <sj gks x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 14½ • ;kf=;ksa ds eq¡g ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxh FkhA ¼drZO;] i`- 15½ • cPps dwMs+ ds <sj ls dkxt vkfn chu fy;k djrs Fks ftlls ?kj dk pwYgk xje gks tk;k djrk FkkA ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ • ikuh flj ls Åij gks tkus dk [krjk cu x;kA ¼vijk/k fojks/kh vfHk;ku] i`- 19½ • vkt ugha rks dy jksVh ds ykys iM+us gh okys FksA ¼iku elkyk] i`- 21½ • cgw ds dkeksa esa ehues[k fudkyrh jgrh FkhA ¼cgw&csVh] i`- 22½ • eqlhcr dk igkM+ VwV iM+kA ¼cgw&csVh] i`- 22½ • bathfu;j lkgc us vius eqg¡ ij rekps dk çgkj eglwl fd;kA ¼vk/kkj f'kyk] i`- 23½ • ijkftr Bsdns kj mYVs ik¡o muds caxys ls ykSV vk;kA ¼vk/kkj f'kyk] i`- 23½ • laxkz e flag us viuh ew¡Nksa ij rko nsrs gq, jkscnkj vkokt esa dgk---¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`25½ • mlds eq¡g ij gokb;k¡ mM+ jgh FkhA ¼vcyk] i`- 28½ • v'kksd ds ân; ij xgjk vk?kkr yxkA ¼i'pkrki ds vk¡l]w i`- 29½ • ge yksxksa dk rks /ka/kk gh pkSiV gks tk,A ¼dle cny ;kj] i`- 45½ • rsjs eq¡g esa ?kh&'kDdj ¼dle cny ;kj] i`- 46½ • mls ns[krs gh iyd >idrs le> xbZ fd vkus okyk u;k iaNh gSA ¼lkftank] i`- 49½ • jkeyky dh vk¡[kksa esa [kwu mrj vk;kA ¼vNwr ikuh] i`- 52½ • eq¡g igys gh ihyk iM+ pqdk FkkA ¼lkftank] i`- 49½ • g¡lh dk QOokjk QV iM+kA ¼foo'krk] i`- 81½ • ifr&iRuh ds psgjksa ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxh vkSj os ,d&nwljs dk eq¡g rkdus yxsA ¼caVokjk] i`- 87½ • lalkj flag ds xzke ds nwljs Bkdqj ,oa xzke lHkk ç/kku çrki flag QwVh vk¡[k Hkh lqgkrs FksA ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`- 89½ • vius ân; ij iRFkj j[kdj mUgksua s lalkj flag dks eafnj fuekZ.k dh vuqefr ns nhA ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`- 90½ • viuh ;kstuk /kwy&/kwlfjr gksrh vuqHko gqbAZ ¼eafnj dh Nk¡o] i`- 89½ • iqfyl mlds ladrs ksa ij u`R; djrh FkhA ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 91½ ladrs ksa ij u`R; djuk vFkkZr b'kkjs ij dBiqryh dh rjg ukpukA • ekaxjs ke ds flj ij tSls xkt fxjhA ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 92½

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• ph[k ekjrk gqvk mYVs ik¡o ljiV Hkkx vk;kA ¼ijaijk dk var] i`- 92½ • viuh ew¡Nksa dk ç'u cuk fy;kA ¼ty vkSj thou i`- 86½ ew¡Nksa dk ç'u cukus dk vFkZ gS bTtr dk lokyA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ys[kd dks Hkk"kk ij idM+ gSA mUgksua s nfyrksa dh ihM+k dks vfHkO;ä djus ds fy, eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk ç;ksx c[kwch fd;k gSA nfyr O;olk; ls lacaf/kr 'kCnkoyh nfyrksa ds vyx vyx O;olk; gks ldrs gSAa tSl& s lM+dksa dh lQkbZ] dwMk+ chuuk] rk¡xk pykuk] twrs cukuk vkfnA ds-,l- rwQku dh bl —fr esa ,dk/k txg —f‘k ls lacfa /kr 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vU; dqN O;olk;ksa dk ladrs ek= gSA dqN mnkgj.k fuEufyf[kr gS& a • ugj ds ikuh dk ukank dkVk x;kA ¼vkØks'k dk lSykc] i`- 13½ • ckydjke ?kksMk+ &rk¡xk pykdj vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djrk FkkA ¼ewY;oku dku] i`- 47½ • dLlh] QkoMs rFkk MaMs ¼vkØks'k dk lScky] i`- 13½ • cPps] dwMs+ ds <sj ls dkxt vkfn chu fy;k djrs FksA ¼eqvkotk] i`- 16½ • pekfju ¼lgk;rk cuke tkrh;rk] i`- 18½ • ca/kqvk etnwj ¼?kj dh eqxhZ] i`- 25½ • etnwj tks lywdk o ,d dPNk igus gS]a QkoM+k da/ks ij j[k etnwjh ij tkus dh rS;kjh dj jgk FkkA ¼Hkw[k dk fj'rk] i`- 39½ foosP; —fr esa ys[kd us ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k gS fd nfyr f'kf{kr gksdj fdlh dk;kZy; esa NksVh&eksVh ukSdjh dj jgs gSAa ,d rjg ls dgk tk, rks nfyr Hkh tkx`r gks pqds gSAa varr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^VwVrs laokn* esa laxgz hr y?kqdFkkvksa esa ds-,l- rwQku us ukeksa ds rn~Hkohdj.k dks c[kwch n'kkZ;k gSA y?kqdFkkvksa esa thoarrk vkSj lgt çokge;rk ykus ds fy, ns'kt 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA ,dk/k y?kqdFkkvksa esa xkyh@vi'kCn dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k gS tks lekt esa çpfyr Hkk"kk dk ,d çeq[k fgLlk gSA eqgkojs vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk Hkh lVhd ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lanHkZ 1- fnyhi flag] ^Hkk"kk dh ltZukRedrk*] Hkk"kk dk lalkj] i`- 27 2- fi;w"k dqekj JhokLro] fnyhi flag] ^ekul esa uke fu/kkZj.k*] lzoafr] Qjojh 2013] i`- 6 3- ds- ,l- rwQku] lQkbZ dk ujd] i`- 28

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^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB fo”ys’k.k % lekarjrk vkSj fopyu dk lanHkZ & th- laxhrk izLrqr vkys[k esa izfrf’Br dFkkdkj pand z kark —r miU;kl *;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* dk ikB&fo'ys’k.k lekarjrk vkSj fopyu tSls nks egRoiw.kZ 'kSyh oSKkfud izfrekuksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k tk jgk gSA leka r jrk lekarjrk ds Lrj ij ;fn ns[kk tk; rks ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa /ofu] 'kCn] :i] okD;] vFkZ vkfn lHkh Lrjksa ij i;kZIr ek=k esa lekarjrk gSA lerk vkSj fojks/k ds vk/kkj ij lekarjrk ds nks Hksn fd, tk ldrs gS& a lerkewyd rFkk fojks/k ewydA ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa ;g nksuksa izdkj dh lekarjrk feyrh gSA ¼v½ /ofu Lrjh; lekarjrk ^^vkfn /ofu dh iqu#fDr izk;% lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgR; esa feyrh gSA**1 dkO; esa blds iz;ksx ls dfork dh lqna jrk c<+h gS ij x| lkfgR; esa Hkh bldk iz;ksx feyrk gSA /ouh; lekarjrk ds dqN mnkgj.k fuEufyf[kr gS& a ¼1½ d&D;ksfa d os Ldwy dkWyt s tkus dh ftn esa [kkuk ihuk NksMr+ s vkSj ?kj ls Hkkxus rd dh /kefd;k¡ nsus yxs gSAa 2 ¼2½ p N t >& ysfdu ;g pkykdh ckcyky ds lkFk rks pyus okyh u FkhA ,d ckj dqN 'kd iM+ x;k mUgsa rks tusÅ ns[k fy;kA lw[kk pVdA cl fQj D;k Fkk] mls nqckjk ?kkV ij gM+dk fn;k gw¡A esjh fcYyh eq>h ls E;kÅ¡A3 ¼3½ c& mls ek¡ dh fcekjh dh ckr rks jktukFk [kqn crk x, FksA4 ¼4½ c& lksp esa Mwcs jktukFk us ml jkr cPpksa dh iydsa pweh vkSj ckj&ckj [kqyrh vkil esa Vdjkrh f[kM+fd;ksa ds iYys can djus mBsA5 ¼5½ c& vc 'kjhQ vkneh yM+ds dk glc&ulc Hkh rks ns[ksxkA ;k ;ksa gh vk¡[k dku can dj dq¡, esa <dsy ns csVh dksA6 ¼6½ n& ukrs fj'rsnkjksa vkSj ;kj nksLrksa ds lkFk ysdj pyus dk ?kj okys blds vkfn gks x,A7 ¼7½ n& ,d fnu n¶rj ls tYnh ?kj ykSVs rks njokts ij nLrd iM+hA8 ¼8½ e& mUgksua s deZdkaMks]a tUe&ej.k] R;ksgjksa vkSj ioksaZ ij gksus okyh fof'k"V iwtk vkSj ea=ksa ds dSlVs fjdkMZ djok,] iqLrdsa izdkf'kr djokbZA9 ¼9½ e& ';keHkkbZ vius bnZ&fxnZ efgyk&eaMy dks eaMjkrk ikrs vkSj uje&uje 34@ ladYiuk 34@la

idokuksa dk lsou djrsA10 ¼10½ u& mudk 'kkguk <ax jgu&lgu] [kku&iku vkSj lksp] ysfdu muds pkSrjQk ;g fNNsjkiu 'kksj 'kjkck dSlk yxrk gS mUgsa b/kj \**11 ¼11½ u& gj ckr esa dksbZ u dksbZ uwu&uqDrk vkSj uqDl fudkyus dhA12 ¼12½ u& eu dh ;g dSlh meM+u tks u ik= ns[krh gS u okrkoj.k u o; u oDr13 ¼13½ u& ?kj esa vu'ku gqvk jksus ihVus dh ukScr vk xbZA14 ¼14½ u& eu esa yksHk rks bruk ugha ftruk dh vius ifrnso ij vfo'okl gS fdrus mnkj foosdoku yM+ds okys gSa tks uaxh cqPph yM+dh dks 'kksd ls cgq cuk,¡A15 ¼14½ u& ysfdu jktukFk iq#"k Fks] vkSjrksa dh rjg jksuk foyki djuk mUgsa lksgrk ughaA jktukFk xkSjh dks lkaRouk nsrs jgsA16 ¼16½ u& fQj ,d ckj iRuh cudj L=h ,slk u;k Hkh dqN jg ugha tkrk ftls tkuus dh ftKklk cuh jgsA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k dks fo}kutu Hkh fuHkkusokyk fj'rk gh ekurs FksA lgpj dk ukrk gksdj Hkh muesa lkeatL; gSA ';keHkkbZ ds dFkkuqlkj l`f"V dh jpuk ds cknA17 ¼17½ u& tehu ds ftu VqdM+kas ds fy, I;kj ck¡Vus okys Lusgh tu dksVZ dpgjh djus dks rS;kj gks tkrs gSa mUgsa vkf[kj ;gh NksMu+ k iM+rk gSA18 ¼18½ u& geus rks viuk /kkfeZd o uSfrd nkf;Ro fuHkk;kA19 ¼19½ u& furkar futh t:jrsa ftUgsa xkSjh ds jgrs le>us Hkh tger u mBkbZ FkhA20 ¼20½ y& D;ksfa d yksx eqnkz ds ykyp esa tky Mky tydj mUgsa canh cukrs gSAa 21 ¼21½ o& eu dh ;g dSlh mMku tks u ik= ns[krh gS u okrkoj.k u o; u oDrA22 ¼22½ l& ml lh/kh lh L=h ds lkeus oks vius lh/ksiu ds dkj.k vDlj fj'rs dh uun nsojkfu;k¡ rd esa migkl dh ik= cuk yh tkrhA23 ¼vk½ 'kCn Lrjh; lekarjrk ekSr T;ksa igjsnkjh ls Hk; [kkrh gksA rc rks bl jktdqekj dh ekSr dHkh u ¼1½ ekSr&ekS gksrh tks gok can 'kh”kegy esa blfy, fVdk;k x;k dh ekSr dHkh jU/kz ls ?kj esa izo's k u dj ik,A24 ”kqØ ijojfnxkj ¼2½ 'kqØ ijojfnxkj& tks ekyokgd tgkt Mwcus ij vk¡[k can djds ^^”kq cksyk Fkk vkSj [kqn eky lesr tgkt ldq”ky ykSVus dh [kcj ikdj Hkh can vk¡[k djds 'kqØ ijojfnxkj gh cksyk FkkA25 ¼3½ lq[k nq%[k& ;kuh fd vk¡[k can dj vius eu dh ;kn ik yh Fkh fd lq[k nq%[k nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa mldk eu papy ugha gqvk] Mksyk ugha lq[k vkSj nq%[k dks leku :i ls ogu djusokys Fks ;k de ls de ml fLFkfr rd igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k djusokys Fks jkt HkkbZA26 35@ ladYiuk 35@la

¼4½ lquuk@vulquk&bl dku ls lqu ml dku fudky fn;k djksA og lqudj vulquk Hkh dj ysrhA27 ¼5½ tkuk&ml izes dh fu;fr gS c¡V tkuk vkSj 'kk;n vusd ik=ksa esa vusd :iksa esa ^^fc[kj tkuk tkuk**A bls ^^jp tkuk tkuk** dgrs gS]a viuk izdV :i [kksdj u, jax esa vkdj ikuk] esgna h dh rjgA mls rqe ej tkuk D;ksa le>rh gksA28 ¼6½ lq?kM+k@lq?kjkbZ&viuh cgqjkuh dks gh ns[kks] vui<+ yM+dh esa bruh lq?kjkbZ gksrh\ lq?kjkbZA29 ckr djus dk lyhdk lkQ lkQ&lq ¼b½ fojks/kewyd lekarjrk 1- ;g lc rks gS ;gk¡ fcyk'kqcg] ij lkFk gh dqN vkSj Hkh gS ftl ij utkjk ns[krs utj tk, rks yxs T;ksa xqM+ [kkrs ued dh Myh eq¡g esa pyh xbZA30 xqM+ [kkus ls eq¡g ehBk & mi;qDZ r fojks/kewyd okD; esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd&xq gksrk gS vkSj fny [kq'k gksrk gS ij ;gk¡ ,slk gqvk fd ued dh Myh eq¡g esa pyh xbZ vkSj lkjk etk [kjkc gks x;kA 2- os mu yksxksa ls FkksMh+ nwj gh jguk ilan djrs tks nwljksa ds xe esa nl dke NksMd + j gk;&gk; djrs pys vkrs ij nwljksa dh [kq'kh ns[kdj lhus ij lk¡i yksVrk eglwl djrsA31 & xe vkSj [kq'kh ds fojks/kewyd lekarjrk iz;ksx ds lkFk gh gk;&gk; djrs pys vkrs vkSj lhus ij lk¡i yksVrk eglwlus esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 3- eu djrk vksy iksy [kksy gS] ij fdls <ds vkneh fdls m?kkM+s \32 &<aduk vkSj m?kkM+uk ds iz;ksx esa fojks/kewyd lekarjrk gSA 4- njvly lfefr esa dbZ rjg ds yksx Fks ftuesa yksx dke de djrs vkSj ;”k T;knk dekus ds fopkj esa bl laLFkk esa 'kkfey gq, FksA33 &dke de vkSj ;'k T;knk esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 5- iqjkru dks ,d fcekjh dh rjg NksMu+ k ugha gksrk] ij lkFk esa uohurk dk Hkh lekos’k gksuk pkfg,A ,slh uohurk tks iqjkru dk ueu djrh gqbZ fujarjrk ls tqMh+ jgsA34 &iqjkru@uohurk rFkk NksMu+ k@tqMh+ jguk esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 6- fuR;kuan nj rks tkxhjnkj jgs ,d tekus es]a ij vc rks oks D;k dgsa fd pknj bruh NksVh gks xbZ fd flj ds Åij [khaps rks iSj uaxs gks tk;s vkSj ik¡o <ds rks flj m?kM+k jg tk;A35 7- cs'kd nk;s& a ck;sa cPps v/klks;s&v/ktxs vk¡[k eyrs va/ksjs esa ?kwjrs jgrs gSAa 36 &nk,¡@ck,¡ rFkk v/klks,@v/ktxs&nksuksa iz;ksx fojks/kh lekara jrk dks iq”V djrs gSAa 8- xkSjh dh nsg lkFk u ns ikbZ vkSj ,d ckj 'kjhj us lkFk NksM+ fn;k rks eu Hkh dqEgykus yxk] xksfd izR;{k dkj.k u Fks] ij D;k ;g lp ugha fd thou esa izR;{k ls T;knk 36@ ladYiuk 36@la

vizR;{k gkjrk gSA vizR;{k tks [kwu esa feydj dSl a j ds dhVk.kqvksa lk QSyrk gS vkSj thou dh ÅtkZ dks lks[k ysrk gS] ogh vizR;{k xkSjh ds thou esa Hkh ?kVrk x;kA37 ¼izR;{k@vizR;{k fojks/kewyd lekarjrk gSA½ 9- ;kfu fd ru dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk eu dh lk>snkjh tks ml le; dh v/ kZf”kf{kr ;k lk/kkj.k v{kj Kkuokyh vkSjrksa ds fy, vkdk'k ds pk¡n dks ikus dh dkeuk djukA38 ¼;gk¡ ru@eu vkSj v/kZf'kf{kr@Kkuokyh esa fojks/kewyd rks Hkkxhnkjh@lk>snkjh esa lerkewyd lekarjrk gSA½ [kqys fnekxokyk Lusfgy O;fDr] nwljksa dks lq[k&lqfo/kk eqg; 10-[kq S k djkus ds ckotwn 39 Lo;a raxgkyh o d”V lgus dks vfHk'kIr D;ksa gks tkrk gSA ¼^[kqy*s ds lkFk ^rax* rFkk lq[k&lqfo/kk ds lkFk ^d"V* dk iz;ksx vdFkuh; fojks/kh lekarjrk dh l`f"V djrk gS½ 11-ogh Hkknks ekl tks ,d ckj mlds la;ksx dk lk{kh cuk ogh muds fpj&fo;ksx dk Hkh xokg cudj vk x;kA40 ¼la;ksx@fo;ksx esa fojks/kh lekarjrk rFkk lk{kh@xokg esa lerkewyd lekarjrk gSA½ lq[k esa lk>hnkj cukus okyk jktukFk nq%[k esa ges'kk vdsyk vfMx jgkA41 12-lq ¼lq[k@nq%[k rFkk lk>hnkj@vdsyk esa nksuksa iz;ksx fojks/kewyd lekarjrk ls ;qDr gS½ 13-cq[kkj esa rirs ekFks vkSj 'khr ls dk¡irs 'kjhj ls iLr cM+h vkftth ds lkFk cPpksa ls euqgkj djus yxsA42 ¼;gk¡ rirs vkSj dk¡irs esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gS½ 14-;g fj'rk gh ,slk Fkk] tgk¡ lkFk jguk gS rks lgus dh 'krZ ds lkFk ugha rks vyx gksuk gS fcuk 'krZA43 ¼;gk¡ ^lkFk jguk* ds lekarj ^vyx gksuk* rFkk ^'krZ ds lkFk* lekarj ^fcuk'krZ* dk iz;ksx fojks/kh lekrajrk dk n~;ksrd gS½ fojks/kewyd lekarjrk ls ;qDr dqN vU; okD; ;gk¡ n`"VO; gSAa tSl& s lgh&xyr] vPNk&cqjk lc dqN gS ij pquko vkidk 1- os tkurs gSa fd ftanxh rks lgh&xyr viuk gS] lgh xyr ds chp44 2- xq#tuksa us jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr ds izlx a mn~/k‘r fd,] ;”k&vi;”k] gkfu&ykHk] thou&ej.k] fojg&feyu fojg&feyuA ;g lc rks fof/k ds gkFk gSA blesa gekjk D;k o'k45 ¼;gk¡ lgh@xyr] vPNk@cqjk] ;'k@vi;'k] gkfu@ykHk] thou@ej.k] fojg@feyu bu }a}kRed iz;ksx esa fojks/kh lekarjrk nz”VO; gSA½ ¼bZ½ vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk vkSj lgiz;ksx edku] ftldh 1- og lkeus ns[k jgs gSa u vki\ og iapeaftyk ckjknfj;ksa okyk edku f[kM+fd;ksa ij /kwi ikuh ls cnjax dbZ Hkkjh fpdsa >wy jgh gSAa edku D;k dksBh gS lkgc! forLrk ds fdukjs tkyhnkj tkQfj;ksa ls ltk ;g Hkou fdlh tekus esa fdruk ‘kkunkj jgk gksxk] lksp ldrs gSa vki\ vc ekSll dh ekj us nkx&/kCcs fn,

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rks D;k\ og dgrs gSa u fd [kaMgj crkrs gSa bekjr dHkh cqyna FkhA46 ¼;gk¡] edku] dksBh] Hkou] [kaMgj vkSj bekjr ,d gh iz;ksx ds 'kCn gSa rFkk vFkZ ds Lrj ij lekarj gSA½ 2- vkdka{kk,¡ vkSj egRodka{kk,¡ Å¡ps vkdk'k lh csvra gksrh gSAa cPps] cw<]s+ fo}ku] vui<+ lHkh viuh viuh vkdka{kkvksa ds f'kdkj gksrs gS]a 'kk;n bPNk,¡ gnsa ugha tkurhA dqN vkdka{kk,¡ xkSjh dks Hkh jgh gksxh xksfd mldh reke le> esa vkus okyh t:jrsa jktukFk dks iwjh djuh Fkh vkSj cjkcj mldh lq[k&lqfo/kk dk /;ku j[kk djrs FksA fQj Hkh dqN jgk gksxk tks viw.kZ jgk] v/kwjk jgk] iw.kZrk dh pkg djus okys vDlj bl lR; dks Hkwy tk;k djrs gSa fd iw.kZrk fdlh Hkh lac/a k esa ugha gksrh vkSj Hkwy muds nq%[kksa dk ewy dkj.k cu tkrh gSA47 ¼;gk¡ vkdka{kk@bPNk@egRodka{kk lekukFkhZ 'kCnksa ds lekarkj iz;ksx dks n'kkZrs gSAa cPps@cw<@ s+ fo}ku@vui<+@iwjk@ v/kwjk] viw.kZ@iw.kZ esa fofHkUu 'kCn lekarjrk gSA½ 3- ;gk¡ Hkh viuh mu getksyhh] lf[k;ksa vkSj lafxfu;ksa ls vyx gSA48 ¼lgiz;Dq r getksyh@l[kh@lafxuh lekuFkhZ vkSj lekarfjr iz;ksx gS½ 4- ijarq mu fnuksa cgq¡, ykt&g;k ds insZ esa viuh bTtr&vkc: ds lkFk ifr dh detksfj;k¡&ykpkfj;k¡ Hkh <drh FkhA49 ¼lgiz;ksx ykt&g;k] bTtr&vkc:] detksjh&ykpkjh esa vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk gSA½ 5- bls vki f=;k&pfj= dfg, ukjh izip a ] L=h&gB ;k iw.kZrk dh I;kl] gesa dksbZ gtZ 50 ughaA ¼f=;k pfj=@ukjh izip a @L=h gB esa vFkZ Lrjh; lerkewyd lekarjrk gSA½ ¼m½ ;qXe 'kCnksa dh vFkZ Lrjh; lekarjrk 1- fygkt&'keZ % lqHknzk rks eqg¡ Hkh u [kksyrh] pqipki lgs tkrh] ,slk fygkt] ,slh 'keZ] eSua s rks fdlh nwljh vkSjr esa u ns[khA51 2- fpj&ifjfpr% ysfdu jktukFk fpj&ifjfpr dh rjg mlls feys FksA52 3- lh[k&mins'k % jktukFk rhl&cÙkhl dh mez ik x, FksA lgh&xyr uQk&uqdlku dh le> ik x, FksA vkSj nwljksa dks lh[k&mins'k nsus ds gdnkj Hkh cu x, FksA53 4- ukSdj&pkdjksa % ij jktukFk ,d rks ru dj [kM+s gks x,] lks lef>, pV~Vku cu x, ?kj esa cM+s cw<k+ as ukSdjks& a pkdjksa rd dks fgnk;r nh FkhA54 5- etkd&e[kkSy % xkSjh ckn esa le> xbZ fd etkd&e[kkSy dk vf/kdkj mUgsa gSa D;ksfa d os xkSjh ls igys C;kg dj vkbZ gSA55 6- rkus&fr'us % ;ksa xkSjh dh lgu'kfDr Hkh xtc dh FkhA ?kj ds gh rkus&fr'us lqurs og dqN vknh Hkh gks xbZ FkhA56 7- eku&lEeku % vth] ued dk gd vnk djs muds xksM+ nckdj gesa D;k ysuk&nsukA geus rks vius eku&lEeku dh [kkfrj jktk&egkjktk ds vkxs flj ugha >qdk;kA57

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O;kdj.k ds Lrj ij fopyu Hkk"kk ds ekud ;k O;kdj.k&lEer :i dks Hkax djus dks ^fopyu* ;k ^fMfo,'ku* dgrs gSAa Hkk"kk dks lksnn~ 's ; rksMu+ & s ejksMu+ s ls mldh l`tukRedrk c<+ tkrh gS vkSj bl izdkj dFku T;knk izHkkoksRiknd vkSj l”kDr cu tkrk gSA ekud Hkk"kk esa dqN ifjorZu ykdj dqN 'kCnksa ds LFkku ifjorZu dj fdlh okD; esa jkspdrk ykbZ tkrh gS] lh/ks&lh/ks okD; esa Hkh gkL;] O;aX; mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ge ns[ksx a s fd foosP; miU;kl ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa ysf[kdk us bl 'kSyh; izfreku dk mi;ksx dj fdl izdkj Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z esa o`f) dh gSA ¼ i½½ okD; lajpuk esa ifjorZu ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa fopyu dk iz;ksx ekud okD; lajpuk esa ifjorZu ds :i esa vusd LFkyksa ij miyC/k gksrk gSA tSls & ¼1½ lw;ksnZ ; ls igys thfB;kj ds eafnj tkrh Fkh ehyksa pydjA58 & ;gk¡ bl okD; dks bl izdkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd og ehyksa pydj lw;ksnZ ; ls igys thfB;kj ds eafnj tkrh FkhA ijarq ysf[kdk us ^ehyksa pydj* dks okD; ds var esa j[kk gS ftlds dkj.k ml va'k ij cy c<+ x;k gSA ¼2½ gekjh ?kjokyh dg jgh Fkh] mls gkjh ioZr esa ns[kk dbZ ckjA59 & ;gk¡ Hkh ^dbZ ckj* ij cy nsus ds fy, ekud okD; jpuk dks rksMd + j mls okD;kar esa j[kk x;kA ¼3½ ^fQj ml jkr dgj dh BaM Fkh] gkM fijk nsus okyhA60 & ;gk¡ dgj dh BaM ds fo'ks"k.k ^gkM fijk nsuos kyh* dks var esa j[kdj ekuks fd BaM c<+k nh xbZ gSA ih,p-Mh- dh fMxzh tks Fkh gkFk ¼4½ dgrs Fks igys&igys jktukFk] fojks/k Fkk] ,e-,-] ih,p-Mh 61 es a A & ;gk¡ ^dgrs Fks* dks okD; ds vkajHk esa j[kk x;k gS ftlds dkj.k jktukFk }kjk fojkèk fd, tkus ij cy c<+ x;k gSA blh izdkj f}rh; miokD; esa ^gkFk es*a dks var esa j[kk x;k gS ftlds dkj.k dFku esa gydk lk O;aX; dk iqV vk x;k gSA ¼5½ ^^^yYyks pIiks gels vius vQljksa dh ugha gqbZ Hkys iwNks eqgYys esa th pkgs ftlls Hkh**62 mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa eqgYys esa ftlls Hkh th pkgs iwNks ;g dgus ds LFkku ij ftlls Hkh dk okD; ds var esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS blls ckr ij otu iM+rk gSA lacfa /kr ik= fdlh dh pepkfxjh ugha djrsA bl izdkj ds vusd mnkgj.k foosP; miU;kl esa izkIr gksrs gSa tgk¡ ysf[kdk us ekud okD; jpuk ds O;kdj.k dk vfrØe.k djds fdlh 'kCn] in ;k okD;ka'k dks okD; ds 39@ ladYiuk 39@la

vkjaHk vFkok var esa j[k fn;k gSA bl izdkj ds fopyu dk iz;ksx mUgksua s tgk¡ Hkh fd;k gS] og ml Hkko] dFku ;k fo"k; fo'ks"k ij vfrfjDr cy nsus ds fy, gh fd;k gSA ¼ii½½ viw.kZ okD; foosP; miU;kl esa okD; Lrjh; fopyu dk iz;ksx viw.kZ okD; jpuk ds :i esa Hkh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ,slk djds ysf[kdk us dFku esa vfrfjDr vkd"kZ.k] ftKklk vkSj jgL; dk rks lekos'k fd;k gh gS] dfri; LFkyksa ij viw.kZ okD; Hkko&rhozrk ds Hkh dkjd ds :i esa lkeus vk, gSAa foosP; —fr esa miyC/k dfri; viw.kZ okD;ksa dks fopyu ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA 1- mlesa rks ek¡ cuus dh laHkkouk,¡ Fkh rHkh rksA63 2- tc thou lkFkh gksus dk nkok djrs gSa rksA64 3- vius cSBd[kkus esa cSB] Q'khZ ij gqDds ds d'k [khaprs] os cPpksa dks viuh utjksa ds ikl lqykrs f[kykrsA65 4- og ckr rks Bhd gS exj66 5- xkSjh cp tkrh! vxj -------67 vFkZ ds Lrj ij fopyu foosP; miU;kl esa ysf[kdk pand z kark us vFkZ ds Lrj ij vusd LFkkuksa ij fopyu dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA dfri; mnkgj.k n`"VO; gSa & 1- rih gqbZ /kjrh ij T;ksa BaMh Qqgkj iM+h gksA xkSjh dh vk¡[kksa esa fdlh vkdka{kk dk vDl gks] fdlh vcksy vkdka{kk dh eq[kj Loh—fr68 & ;gk¡ izFke okD; esa mRiz{s kk dk mi;ksx fd;k gS tks lkekU; dFku ls fopfyr iz;ksx gSA vkxs vkdka{kk dk vDl Hkh fopfyr iz;ksx gS D;ksfa d ^vkdka{kk* vewrZ gS mldk vDl ugha gks ldrkA blds vfrfjDr vcksy vkSj eq[kj esa fojks/kh lekarjrk gSA 2- lqHknzk 'kkar Fkh] forLrk dh rjg fu%lax cksf/klRo dh rjg fu’dke cgqr Å¡ph fQj Hkh cgqr ikl] jktukFk us ml oDr D;k [kqn dks mlds lkeus ckSuk eglwl u fd;k gksxk\69 & mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa ^dh rjg* dk iz;ksx lqHknzk dh rqyuk forLrk ls vkSj fu%lax cksfèklRo ls djrk gSA Å¡ph oLrq dks nwj gksuk pkfg, ^;gk¡ ikl* gS vr% fopyu gS ^D;k* dk iz;ksx iz'uokph ds lkFk&lkFk rqyukRed Hkh gSA 3- gjs pkjkxkgksa esa Msth ds ihys lQsn Qwy mpd mpddj Hkki vkSj ikuh esa ?kqyrh cQZ vkSj vkleku ds cknyksa ds curs fcxM+rs psgjksa dks mRlqd vk¡[ksa [kksy ns[krs >weus yxs FksA70 &;gk¡ Msth ds Qwy dk ^mpd mpd dj mRlqd vk¡[ksa [kksy ns[kuk] >weuk] fopfyr iz;ksx gSa D;ksfa d Qwyksa ds vk¡[ksa ugha gksrhA ;g vkyadkfjd o.kZu fopyu dk lqna j 40@ ladYiuk 40@la

mnkgj.k gSA 4- NksVh NksVh ckrksa ds ckn jktukFk us ,d cM+h ckr dg nh Fkh ^^xkSjh] esjs ?kj pyksxh\**71 &;gk¡ ^NksVh vkSj ^cM+h* ds lekarfjr iz;ksx ls okD; esa 'kSyh; lkSna ;Z dh o`f) gqbZ gSA bls fojks/k dk n`"Vkar ekuk tk ldrk gSA 5- gj ckr esa Vk¡x vM+krh gS ;g&pqUuh] fpfM+;k dh Vk¡x ftruhA72 &;gk¡ dbZ 'kSyh; mnkgj.kksa dk leUo; gS tSls ^Vk¡x vM+kuk* eqgkojk gS rks ^fpfM+;k dh Vk¡x ftruh* ls rqyuk lkFk gh ^pqUuh* dk vkjaHk ds ctk; okD; ds e/; esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj mlds fo'ks"k.k dk var esa ;g fopfyr okD; jpuk dk [kh> vkSj Øks/k dks vxziLz rqr dj jgk gSA 6- dHkh iyVdj cksyh ugha vkt rdA73 & ;gk¡ ^vkt rd dHkh iyVdj ugha cksyh* dh rqyuk esa foLe;dkjh izHkko mRiUu djus ds fy, gh vkt rd dks var esa j[kk x;k gSA 7- dqN Hkh dgs dksb]Z jktukFk ,slksa esa 'kqekj ughaA74 &;gk¡ ^dksb*Z dks okD;ka'k esa ys tk;k x;k gS vkSj ^dqN Hkh* dks vkjaHk esa j[k fn;k x;k gSAa blls foosfpr okD; jpuk dk izHkko ;g gqvk gS fd ^dqN Hkh* esa O;atdrk vk xbZ gS vFkkZr jktukFk dks bldh rfud Hkh fpark ugha fd fdl&fdl izdkj dh fVIif.k;k¡ yksx djrs gSAa ¼ i½½ vizLrqr fo/kku foosP; miU;kl esa vizLrqr fo/kku vFkok lkn`'; ;kstuk dh lgtrk esa vFkZLrjh; fopyu ds vusd mnkgj.k miyC/k gSAa tSls & 1- ;g rks eSua s ns[kk fd panq ds tUers gh mls tkuysok jksx yx x;kA fnu&fnu nsg cQZ ds Mys&lh ?kqyrh xbZA75 & bls bl izdkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd fnu ij fnu og jksx ds dkj.k detksj iM+rh xbZA ijarq ;gk¡ nsg xyus dh rqyuk cQZ dh Myh&lh ?kqyus ls dh xbZ gSA 2- nhukukFk rks gqDds dh u; mBkdj ml ij nks pkj okj djus okyk gh Fkk] iV~Bk muds bjkns lwa?kdj rhj dh rjg fudy Hkkxk HkkxkA76 & fudy Hkkxus dks O;atukiw.kZ cukus ds fy, ^rhj dh rjg* dk iz;ksx vkd"kZd cu iM+k gSA ^bjkns lw?a kus* esa Hkh dFkuxr vlkekU;rk gSA vr% ;g okD; nqgjs fopyu dk mnkgj.k gSA 3- rjd'k ls NwVs rhjksa lh ckSNkjsa dejs ds Hkhrj ?kql vkbZA & ;gk¡ ckjh'k dh ckSNkjksa ds dejs ds Hkhrj vkus dh rqyuk rjd'k ls NwVs rhjksa ls dh xbZ gSA

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4- vkx dh yiV lh ;g I;kl mls tykus yxh ----77 & ;gkยก rhoz I;kl dh rqyuk vkx dh yiV ls dh xbZ gSA 5- D;k lHkh rjg ds lq[k ikdj Hkh og ekr`Ro ds lq[k ls oafpr ca/;k /kjrh dh rjg fc;koku gh cuh jgsxhA jsrhyh vuqojZ k /kjrh /kjrhA78 & ;gkยก L=h ds ckยก>iu dh rqyuk ca/;k] fc;koku rFkk jsrhyh vuqojZ k /kjrh ls dh xbZ gSA 6- iDds vacjh lsoksa esa iM+s dhM+s tSls Hkhrj gh Hkhrj Qy dks [kks[kyk dj nsrs gSa] oSlh gh Hkjh tokuh esa ihyh] tnZ iM+h chekj ;qofr;kยกA79 & ;gkยก chekj ;qofr;ksa dh rqyuk dhM+s iM+s Qyksa ls dh xbZ gSA 7- mez ds leanj esa Le`fr;ksa ds tky Mkyrh os volj uhyh lqugyh eksfr;ksa okyh jax&fcjaxh eNfy;kยก idM+us esa e'kxwy jgk djrhA flj gYds&gYds udkj dh eqnkz esa ?kM+h ds isaMqye dh rjg Mksyrk jgrk jgrkA80 & ;gkยก uk dgus dh eqnkz esa flj fgyk tk, fd ?kM+h ds isM a y q e ls rqyuk dh xbZ gSA 8- ijarq 'kadjyky dh iRuh xq.kh jktukFk ls csgn izHkkfor gqb]Z le>ks HkDr gh cu xbZ] jk[k esa Hkh gkFk Mkys rks ,dk/k ghjk chudj ys vk, jktHkkbZ vkSj tqcku ,slh ehBh fd ckr djs rks yxs dksbZ ve`r mMsy jgk gks dku esaA81 & ;gkยก jktukFk dh rqyuk Hkxoku ls dh xbZ gSA mudh tqcku dh feBkl dh rqyuk ve`r ls dh xbZ gSA 9- rkjk ds tgj cq>s cksy lqu xkSjh igys rks vkโ p;Z ls mls ns[krh] le>us dh dksf'k'k djrh jghA82 & ;gkยก opuksa dh rqyuk tgj ekjdrk ls dh xbZ gSA 10- eu esa d#.kk dh >hy ygjkrh FkhA83 & eu dh Hkkouk d#.kk dh rqyuk ygjkrh >hy ls dh xbZ gSA FkhA84 11- eerkyq lklksa dh eerk diwj lh mM+ tkrh Fkh & lklksa dh eerk dks diwj dh rjg mM+uk crk;k x;k gSA 12- mlus fdrus lqna j cPps fn, mudksA Qwy tSls nks csVsA85 & ;gkยก cPpksa dh rqyuk lqna j Qwyksa ls dh xbZ gSA 13- fnu&izfrfnu cQZ ds Mys lh xyrh nsg dks jktukFk ek;ds NksM+ vk,A86 & ;gkยก nsg ds xyus dh rqyuk cQZ dh rjg fi?kyus ls dh xbZ gSA 14- jktukFk ml jkr ftanxh dks ekse dh rjg ?kqyrs ns[krs jgsA87 & ;gkยก ftanxh ds [kRe gksrs {k.kksa dh rqyuk ekse dh rjg ?kqyus ls dh xbZ gSA mi;qDZ r lHkh dkO;kRedrk ls ;qDr izrhr gksus okys dFkuksa esa ysf[kdk us vizLrqr ;kstuk

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dh lgtrk ls Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z mRiUu fd;k gS tks oLrqr% lkekU; Hkk"kk dh rqyuk esa fopfyr Hkk"kk iz;ksx gSA ¼ ii½½ vlkekU; dFku vFkZLrjh; fopyu dh n`f"V ls foosP; miU;kl esa vusd LFkyksa ij vklkekU; dFku izkIr gksrs gSa tks lkekU; Hkk"kk dh rqyuk esa fopfyr vkSj foosP; gSA ;Fkk& 1- vgjcky dh dksbZ Hkkjh pV~Vku T;ksa flj ij fxjdj lewps vfLrRo dks dqpy Mkys] cQhZyh pksfV;ksa ls rirh utjsa lgykus dk lqduw ugha feyrkA88 2- igkM+kas ds 'kh’kZ ij cQZ dk rgsa ¼fi?kydj½ 'k¶Qkd /kkjksa esa epydj cgus yxh FkhA BaMh Bl] teh gqbZ Xysf'k;j dh rgsa lw;Z ds rki ls fi?kyus yxh vkSj ck¡/k rksMd + j cgus yxhA /kjrh dk varl gjk gks x;kA gjs pkjkxkgksa us Msth ds ihys lqna j Qwy mpd&mpddj Hkki vkSj ikuh esa ?kqyrh cQZ vkSj vkleku ds cknyksa ds curs fcxM+rs psgjksa dks mRlqd vk¡[k [kksy ns[krs >weus yxs FksA89 3- cspkjs dh lkSry s h ek¡ gSA eqVB~ h Hkj Hkkr ds lkFk nl dM+os cksy f[kykrh gSA90 4- mRlkgh lekt lq/kkjd Hkh mlesa 'kkfey Fks tks v[kckjksa dh lqf[kZ;ksa esa Nius dh [kkfrj gok esa ryokjsa Hkk¡trs gSAa 91 5- ukfne lkgc us Hkh vkSjrksa ds fnekx dks de gok u nhA92 6- og dksbZ yqxkbZ gS fd dksbZ Nw Hkj ys rks twBh gks tk; \93 7- bl chp uwjh vius dqDdM&dqDdfM;ksa dks gM+dk nsrh gS f'k% f'k% ns[kks] b/kj gh ejus vkrs gSa ----94 8- ;g pkSchl ?kaVksa dh p[k&p[k [kVj&iVj eqxoZs kfy;ksa ls ysdj tusÅ/kkfj;ksa rd dh ph[k iqdkj vkSj og ihNs] ft/kj geus ns[kk ugha ra k¡x]s lkbfdy] jsMos kys] fef'kjfj ekd;] vksn: w ; nks n[k ;[kks] oxSjg& oxSjg dh vuojr vkoktksa chp BV~B ds BV~B yksxksa ls Hkjh lM+d vkSj lM+d ds fdukjs ctkt] fdjkuk] yqgkj] nthZ] dqna u b=okys vkSj og lqukj dk cPpkA tjk dksbZ yM+dh m>d ds ns[kks f[kM+dh >jks[ks ls fd ,dne jcj ds ccq, lk [kM+k gks tk,xkA vk¡[ksa rks f[kM+fd;ksa ls fpid gh tk,¡xhA95 mi;qDZ r m)j.kksa esa dqN fopfyr Hkk"kk iz;ksxksa ds dkj.k dFkuxr vlk/kkj.krk ¼;k vlkekU;rk½ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA tSls & 1- lewps vfLrRo dks dqpy MkyukA 2- rirh ut+js lgykus dk lqduw feyukA 3- /kjrh dk varl gjk gksukA 4- Qwyksa dk vk¡[k [kksy ns[kuk >weukA 5- Hkkr ds lkFk nl dM+os cksy f[kykukA

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6- mRlkgh lekt lq/kkjd dk gok esa ryokjsa Hkk¡tukA 7- vkSjrksa ds fnekx dks gok nsukA 8- yqxkbZ gS fd Nwus ls twBh gks tk;A 9- lq[k dk >ksyh esa u lekukA 10- lq[k dk eqfV~B;ksa ls fQlyukA 11- lq[k dk vaxfq y;ksa ls fjlukA 12- dqdM+ dqdfM+;ksa dks gM+dkukA 13- b/kj gh ejus vkukA 14- f[kM+fd;ksa ls vk¡[ksa fpid tkukA 15- p[k&p[k [kVj&iVjA 16- /ke~ /ke~ /ke~A 17- Vu~] Vu~] Vu~ 18- fVªuu] --- fVªuu 19- --- gVks cpksA ¼iii½½ fu”ks/k ds fy, iz”uokpd okD; ^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS* esa pand z kark us fu”ks/k ds fy, iz'uokpd okD;ksa ds iz;ksx }kjk dqN LFkyksa ij fopyuxr 'kSyh; lkSna ;Z mRiUu fd;k gSA ;Fkk& 1- ij eu rks psru&vopsru rgksa ij jax&fcjaxs [ksy [ksyrk gS] m/kj >kaddj fdlus ns[kk vkSj ns[kk rks Fkkg ikbZ Fkh D;k \96 2- nks crZu lkFk jgsx as s rks D;k [kudsx a s ugha\97 3- dkSu fdlds lkFk tkrk gS jkts\98 4- eu ds dyq”k /kksrh ve‘rok.khA nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks NqVdkjk feyk gS\99 & ;gk¡ izFke m)j.k esa iz'uokpd okD; fdlus ns[kk vkSj ns[kk rks Fkkg ikbZ Fkh D;k dk okLrfod vfHkizk; gS&fdlh us ugha ns[kk vkSj ns[kk rks Fkkg ugha ikbZA nwljs mnkgj.k esa iz'uokpd lajpuk ^D;k [kudsx a s ugha* dk okLrfod vfHkizk; gS& nks crZu lkFk jgsx a s rks [kudsx a s vo';A blh izdkj rhljs m)j.k esa ^^dkSu fdlds lkFk tkrk gS jkts** dk vfHkizrs vFkZ gS fd dksbZ fdlh ds lkFk ugha tkrk rFkk ^nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks NqVdkjk feyk gS\* dk Li"V rkRi;Z ;g gS fd nq%[k vkSj ihM+k ls fdlh dks Hkh NqVdkjk ugha feyk gSA mi;qDZ r foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS pand z kark ds foosP; miU;kl ^^;gk¡ forLrk cgrh gS** esa Hkkf"kd lkSna ;Z mRiUu djus ds fy, okD; Lrj ij lekarjrk vkSj fopyu tSls 'kSyh; miknkuksa ds lVhd bLrseky ds dkj.k gh miU;kl dh Hkk"kk lgt 44@ ladYiuk 44@la

o izokgiw.kZ gksrs gq, Hkh vFkZxfHkZr vkSj cM+h lhek rd dkO;kRedrk ls ;qDr gSA la n HkZ 1234-

Mk- fdj.kckyk] rqylh dh Hkk"kk dk 'kSyh oSKkfud v/;;u& i`- 50 panzdkark] ;gkยก forLrk cgrh gS] i`- 170 ogh] i`- 167 ogh] i`- 120

5- ogh] i`- 130 6- ogh] i`- 141 7- ogh] i`- 103 8- ogh] i`- 155 9- ogh] i`- 170 10- ogh] i`- 79 11- ogh] i`- 15 12- ogh] i`- 33 13- ogh] i`- 42 14- ogh] i`- 50 15- ogh] i`- 98 16- ogh] i`- 100 17- ogh] i`- 101 18- ogh] i`- 126 19- ogh] i`- 131 20- ogh] i`- 148 21- ogh] i`- 64 22- ogh] i`- 42 23- ogh] i`- 52 24- ogh] i`- 123 25- ogh] i`- 63 26- ogh] i`- 124 27- ogh] i`- 37 28- ogh] i`- 106 29- ogh] i`- 174 30- ogh] i`- 10 31- ogh] i`- 51 32- ogh] i`- 70 33- ogh] i`- 87 34- ogh] i`- 94 35- ogh] i`- 97 36- ogh] i`- 103 37- ogh] i`- 100 38- ogh] i`- 107 39- ogh] i`- 121 40- ogh] i`- 121 41- ogh] i`- 124 42- ogh] i`- 129 43- ogh] i`- 185 44- ogh] i`- 96 45- ogh] i`- 180 46- ogh] i`- 01

47- ogh] i`- 99 48- ogh] i`- 101 49- ogh] i`- 139 50- ogh] i`- 152 51- ogh] i`- 33 52- ogh] i`- 44 53- ogh] i`- 42 54- ogh] i`- 54 55- ogh] i`- 60 56- ogh] i`- 60 57- ogh] i`- 70 58- ogh] i`- 151 59- ogh] i`- 151 60-ogh] i`- 187&188 61- ogh] i`- 22 62- ogh] i`- 70 63- ogh] i`- 150 64- ogh] i`- 156 65- ogh] i`- 165 66- ogh] i`- 15 67- ogh] i`- 123 68- ogh] i`- 44 69- ogh] i`- 61 70- ogh] i`- 42 71- ogh] i`- 44 72- ogh] i`- 49 73- ogh] i`- 45 74- ogh] i`- 67 75- ogh] i`- 33 76- ogh] i`- 69 77- ogh] i`- 129 78- ogh] i`- 152 79- ogh] i`- 163 80- ogh] i`- 18 81- ogh] i`- 32 82- ogh] i`- 60 83- ogh] i`- 84 84- ogh] i`- 92 85- ogh] i`- 117 86- ogh] i`- 37 87- ogh] i`- 38 88- ogh] i`- 36

45@ ladYiuk 45@la

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ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h Hkk"kk & Mk- eatq 'kek 'kekZZ Z ;g loZfofnr rF; gS fd lekt vkSj Hkk"kk dk var%lac/a k gSA L=h vkSj iq#"k nksuksa lekt dh egRoiw.kZ bdkb;k¡ gSAa vr% mudh LoHkkoxr fHkUurk mudh ekufldrk vkSj Hkkoksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;Dr gksrh gSA Hkk"kkoSKkfudksa us Hkk"kk vkSj vFkZ ds lac/a k dks vfHkUu ekuk gS rFkk ;g dgk gS fd Hkk"kk ds LoHkko ;k fodkl esa ;g varfuZfgr fojks/kkHkkl fo|eku jgrk gS fd og ftruk tksMu+ s okyh gS] mruk gh vyxkus okyh HkhA1 Hkk"kk ds lac/a k esa L=hoknh ysf[kdk vukfedk dh /kkj.kk mYys[kuh; gS&^^gekjs nks gksBa gSAa nksuksa feyrs gS]a ,d y; esa xfr'khy gksrs gSa rks Hkk"kk curh gSA ,d fgys nwljk Liafnr gh u gks rks Hkk"kk dk l`tu vlaHko gksxkA Hkk"kk dk vFkZ gS laokn] Hkk"k.k ughaA Hkk"kk viuh iw.kZrk esa fdlh rjg dh ,dkafxdrk cnkZ”r ugha djrhA Hkk"kk xokg gS fd mls fujLr djus ds gfFk;kj Hkh mlh ls fudysA**2 Hkk"kk ls tqMs+ eqnn~ ksa dk L=hoknh foe”kZ esa Hkh cksyckyk gSA ;g rF; u dsoy euksfoKku] u`foKku vkSj bfrgkl ds fy, lkFkZd gS cfYd lkfgfR;d fl)kar ,oa Hkk"kkfoKku ds {ks= Hkh blls vNwrs ugha jgs gSAa ;|fi vuks[kh ckr ;g gS fd blls fudyus okys vf/kdka”k v/;;uksa esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ lekurk gksA ^^bfrgkldkj dSjksy fLeFk jkstus cxZ L=h ds ^'kCnks*a dks lquuk pkgrh gS]a rks u`foKkuh 'ys vksMuZ j vkSj ds- okjsu ^L=h dh [kkeks”kh vkSj ekSu* dh ppkZ djrh gSAa nwljh vksj lkfgfR;d vkykspdksa dh Js.kh esa ,ysu 'ksokYVj ls ysdj Vksfjy eksbZ rd ^L=h dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kkfCnd ;kstuk* dk vao”s k.k djrh utj vkrh gSAa **3 ^eu ek¡>us dh t:jr* esa vukfedk us L=h Hkk"kk ds ckjs esa Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS fd ^^;kSu laons ukvksa ds foLrkj ls gh iq#"k dh lksp ,di{kh; vkSj ,ddsna hz ; gksrh gS vkSj fL=;ksa dh cgqi{kh; vkSj cgqdnas hz ;A ;g lp Hkh rks gS] rHkh rks jpuk ds igys gh 'kCn ls vDlj ;g irk py tkrk gS fd ys[kd L=h gS ;k iq#"kA fL=;ksa dk vuqHkwfreaMy] muds thou ewY;] mudh laons uk dk /kjkry gh fof”k"V ugha gksrs mudk 'kCn p;u] Vksu] fcac&fo/kku vkSj izokg lc vyx ls igpku esa vk tkus yk;d gksrs gS& a vxj lk;kl mUgsa lkr Hkkf"kd inksaZ ds Hkhrj Nqikdj u j[kk x;k gksA**4 fganh dFkklkfgR; esa ukfljk 'kekZ ¼22 vxLr] 1948½ dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA mUgksua s thou ds fofo/k vk;keksa ij viuh ys[kuh pykbZ vkSj L=h thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij izdk”k MkykA mUgksua s vius dFkklkfgR; esa L=h dh ijaijkxr Nfo ls ysdj vk/kqfud Nfo rd dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA L=h dh Nfo ds lkFk&lkFk i;kZoj.k] ns”k&fons”k dh =klnh] lkainz kf;drk] vkradokn] VwVrs ewY;] fc[kjrh laL—fr] VwVrh vkReh;rk] [kseksa esa c¡Vrk euq"; vkfn dh fpark Hkh mUgsa lkyrh gSA mudk dguk gS fd f”k{kk us euq"; dks ckrsa cukuk t:j fl[kk fn;k gS] exj og vanj ls ugha cnykA O;fDrokn ds yksHk us bl 46@ ladYiuk 46@la

gn rd mls fxjk fn;k gS fd og ifjokj] lekt vkSj jk"Vª dks Hkh vius Qk;ns ds fy, NksMu+ s rFkk cspus ds fy, rS;kj gks jgk gSA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ekuork ukfljk 'kekZ dh ys[kuh dk dsna fz canq gSA ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; dks /;ku ls ns[kk tk, rks ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd muds miU;kl vkSj dgkfu;ksa esa ekuoh; ihM+k vafdr gSA os csckd lkfgR;dkj gSAa oLrqr% mudk ys[ku muds fopkjksa dk izfrfcac gSA lqxfBr] lqikB~; vkSj Hkhrj rd iSBrk gqvkA os viuk jkLrk [kqn pqurh gaS vkSj ml ij py iM+rh gSAa muds dFkklkfgR; esa mudk fonzkgs h rsoj >ydrk gSA ukfljk 'kekZ t+ehuh jpukdkj gSAa Qkjlh Hkk"kk ij mudh xgjh idM+ gSA mUgksua s bjkd] bZjku] vQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku rFkk vjc ns”kksa dh vusd ;k=k,¡ dh gSa rFkk ogk¡ ds thou] /keZ] dkuwu fo”ks"kdj L=h dh okLrfod fLFkfr ij 'kks/k fd;k gS rFkk ml ij lw{erk ls fy[kk gSA vr% os lkfgR; ys[ku }kjk ewyHkwr iz”uksa dks mBkrh gSAa bZjku&bjkd dh yM+kbZ dh Hk;kog =klnh dk fp=.k muds lkfgR; esa c[kwch ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fo’k; p;u dh Hkkafr ukfljk “kekZ us vius dFkklkfgR; esa Hkk’kk iz;ksx ds {ks= esa Hkh ubZ tehu rksMh+ gSA os ;g Hkyh izdkj tkurh gSa fd Hkk’kk ek= lai"sz k.k ;k vfHkO;fDr dk lkèku ugha gS vfirq cgqr dqN gSA L=h vkSj iq#"k nksuksa 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ds Lrj ij vyx gSa vkSj lkFk gh ckSf)d ,oa ekufld Lrj ij Hkh] vr% nksuksa dh Hkk"kk esa Hkh fHkUurk gksuk LokHkkfod gSA lekt esa iq#"kksa ,oa fL=;ksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr ,d leku u gksus ds dkj.k lekt-O;oLFkk ds Lrj ij Hkh mudh fLFkfr;ksa esa fHkUurk gSA bl dkj.k fL=;ksa dh Hkk"kk iq#"kksa ls fHkUu gksuk LoHkkfod Hkh gSA nksuksa dh vyx&vyx ekufldrk muds Hkk"kk O;ogkj dks ,d&nwljs ls fHkUu djrh gSA iq#"k dh Hkk"kk esa ;fn izHkqRo] xkaHkh;Z rFkk vfèkdkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rks L=h dh Hkk"kk esa xkS.k] vU;k ;k f}rh;d fLFkfr ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA L=h dh Hkk"kk ls mlds lai.w kZ O;fDrRo] eu%fLFkfr o fopkj/kkjk dk ifjp; izkIr gks tkrk gSA ysf[kdk us vius L=h ik=ksa ds laokn&xBu esa mudh lkekftd fLFkfr dk iwjk [+k;ky j[kk gS vkSj rnuq:i Hkk’kk&p;u fd;k gSA Lej.kh; gS fd dksey] {kek”khy] n;kyq o eerke; :i L=h dk ifjpk;d gSA le; dh ifjorZu”khyrk ds lkFk L=h dk ljy O;fDrRo Hkh ifjofrZr gksdj tfVy vkSj pqukSfriw.kZ curk x;k] bls Hkh mldh Hkk"kk esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ^^;g dqnjr dk dSlk [ksy gS fd vkne dh vkSykn dks vkne dh “kDy esa ikus dh ,d vkSjr dh reUuk dks iwjh djus ds fy, nwljh vkSjr etcwj gS\**5 ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh vuqHkwfr vkSj laons ukvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, vius dFkklkfgR; esa Hkk"kk dk thoar ,oa ltho iz;ksx fd;k gSA os lgt :i ls ik=kuqdy w Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djrh gS ftlls yxrk gS fd ikBd ik=ksa ls cfr;k jgs gSAa og lqf”kf{kr ik=ksa ds eq[k ls vaxt sz h dk iz;ksx djokrh gSa rks fuEu oxZ ds ik= vius okrkoj.k dks ikfjHkkf"kr djrs gSAa ukfljk 'kekZ oLrqr% ik= vkSj ifjos”k ds vuq:i fganh&mnwZ dk feJ.k djrh gh gSa lkFk gh fofHkUu cksfy;ksa ds xqynLrs Hkh ltkrh gSa ftlls muds dFkklkfgR; dk gj igyw viuh Hkkf"kd egd ls Hkj mBrk gSA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd 'kCn

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la;kstuk ukfljk 'kekZ dh Hkkf"kd fo”ks"krk gSA euksHkkoksa dks izdV djus ds fy, ftu fof”k"V vfHkO;fDr;ksa o inca/kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS mlls fof”k"V Hkkf"kd vfHkO;fDr;ksa dh jpuk gksrh gSA HkkokfHkO;fDr ds fy, eq[keqnkz Hkh l”kDr ek/;e gSA isez ] eerk] ?k`.kk] Øks/k] bZ";kZ] }s"k] Xykfu vkfn vusdkusd Hkkoksa dks fpf=r djus ds fy, ukfljk 'kekZ us vius dFkklkfgR; esa fof”k"V vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;Fkk& Ø ^^vkleku ij pk¡n fdlh egcwck dh vkc: dh rjg ckjhd dekunkj ped jgk FkkA**6 Ø ^^vk¡[kksa dk cgrk ikuh tax dh [kqjnqjh njkjksa esa vVdrk gqvk eqVB~ h ds chp nch dafq t;ksa esa my> x;kA**7 Ø ^^nqiV~Vk Hkhxk] rfd;k Hkhxk] exj t+gu ls ?kj ugha /kqy ldkA lqyxrs vaxkjs ij tSls mUgsa fdlh HksM+ dh rjg Vk¡xdj dckc cuk;k tk jgk gSA**8 ^ckoyh* dgkuh dh lyek vius vfLrRo dh rqyuk ml ckoyh ls djrh gS tgk¡ yksx viuh I;kl cq>krs gSa vkSj fQj pys tkrs gSa ij ^ckoyh* ogha&dh&ogha tM+ gksdj jg tkrh gSA ^^xehZ ls rirh nksigj ls Fkds ifjans esjs BaMs otwn esa vkdj iukg ysrs FksA fdrus---\ cs”kqekj vk,A viuk nq%[k esjs otwn dh ckoyh esa Mkydj esjs fny ds nkykuksa esa cSBus yxs vkSj eSa lc dqN Hkwydj muesa vius dks ck¡Vrh jghA dHkh [+k;ky gh ugha vk;k fd esjk] flQ+Z esjk] esjk viuk ,dne futh Hkh] dqN gks ldrk gSA eSa rks muesa I;kl ds fj”rs ds uke ij c¡Vrh jghA eSa lac/a k dk /kkxk tksM+ cSBrh vkSj ihus okyk eq>s ikuh ls Hkjh ckoyh ls vf/kd dqN ugha le>rk FkkA tgk¡ vkjke fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] fny gYdk fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] I;kl cq>kbZ tk ldrh Fkh] exj vk[+kjh lk¡l rd lkFk ugha fn;k tk ldrk FkkA**9 jQ+r vius izfr eg:[+k dh mnklh ns[kdj fpafrr gks tkrk gSA eg:[+k fj”rksa dh xgjkbZ dks igpkurh gS& a ^^dqN ds fy, ;g fj”rs egnwn gksrs gSa vkSj mldk bt+gkj dHkh cykRdkj] dHkh >a> q ykgV vkSj dHkh rjl vkSj uQjr] rks dHkh uLy dh c<+kÙs kjh gksrk gS] exj ,d vkSj ut+fj;k j[kus okys ds fy, ;g enZ&vkSjr ds rkYyqd dk lcls [kwclwjr bt+gkj gSA esjh ut+j esa tgk¡ fny o fnekx feyrs gSa ogh viuh [kqnh nsus dh [okfg”k mHkjrh gS vkSj ml [kqnh dks] ml ^uLy* dks dksbZ dSls ns ldrk gS tc rd---A**10 ^^ge vkSjrsa ljkik eqgCcr gksrh gS]a flQZ eqgCcr] exj bldk eryc ;g rks ugha fd gekjs t+ukuk xq:j dh dksbZ dher gh ugha ---A**11 ¼dqcjk&cgu½A bl m)j.k esa L=h dh LokfHkekuh vfHkO;fDr Li"V gks jgh gSA ^L=hRo* dks fdlh Hkh dher ij ykafNr gksus nsuk ugha pkgrhA 'kUuks dks pk; cukrs ns[k ckfju ds ru&cnu esa vkx yx xbZ vkSj cgw ij cjl 48@ ladYiuk 48@la

iM+h&^^D;ksa /keZ Hkz"V djus ij mrk: gS] dyeq¡gh\ rsjs gkFk dk ty ihdj ujd tkuk gS D;k\ tk cSB dksi Hkou esa uVuhA**12 bl m)j.k esa vf”kf{kr L=h /keZ] bZeku dk lgkjk ysdj ujd dh nqgkbZ nsrh gSA ;gk¡ mldk euksHkko vfHkO;Dr gqvk gSA eg:[+k dks mlds lg;ksxh iq#"k ges”kk uhpk fn[kkuk pkgrs gSAa eg:[+k vius vkosx dks jksd ugha ikrh vkSj mldh vkokt+ iwjs vgkrs esa QSy tkrh gS&^^Bgfj,A vkt ds ckn vki nksuksa vius vkis esa jfg,xk vkSj reht+ ds lkFk eq>ls is”k vkb,xk] ojuk eq>s dksbZ l[r dne mBkuk iM+x s k -- vkSj [kcjnkj tks vkxs ls vkius eq>ls is”k csrdYyQ+ gksus dh dksf”k”k dhA 'kjkQ+r dh Hkh ,d gn gksrh gSA vc vki tkb, ;gk¡ lsA**13 ukfljk 'kekZ us vius ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls [kht dks Hkh c[kwch vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS& ^^D;ksa cSBk gS eqg¡ fNikds] tk ns[k dgk¡ xbZ gS dqyPNuh -- iwjs Ms<+ fdyks dh dj/kuhA ik¡p&Ng rksyk lksuk --- lc ys xbZ uklihVh -- lkjh mez dh dekbZ ij >kMw Qsj xbZA**14 ¼ckfju&csVk½ vkcs&rkSck dh lwlu us vR;kpkj lgs FksA mldk thou iwjh rjg ls VwV pqdk Fkk fdarq og Lo;a dks laHkky ysrh gS vkSj lksprh gS&^^vc og #dsxh ughaA t+jk lh fgekdr ij viuk lc dqN ugha x¡ok,xhA og ek¡ gS] iRuh gS] Vhpj gSA ,d ns”k dh ukxfjd gS] mlds nkf;Ro cgqr lkjs gSAa og mu lcdks fuHkk,xh -- og vius dks ejus ugha nsxhA og vkt rd vius fy, th ugha] fQj vkt vius fy,] ejs D;ks\a **15 ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls L=h ds euksHkko dks c[kwch mdsjk gSA os L=h dh ihM+k dks Hkh vR;f/kd ekfeZd <ax ls fpf=r djrh gSA ;Fkk&lalkj esa fj”rs iq#"k cukrk t:j gS fdarq mu fj”rksa dks L=h fuHkkrh gSA ,d lw=/kkj dh rjg thou Øe dks pykrh gSA L=h ;gh lksprh gS&^^ubZ gqdew r dh gktjk ifjR;Dr L=h gSA og viuh ihM+k dks Hkqyk nsuk pkgrh gS fdarq blh Ågk&iksg esa jgrh gS fd& ugha] ugha] esjh xSjr dHkh ogk¡ eq>s ugha jgus nsrhA ;g detksjh Hkjh lksp 'kk;n esjs vdsyis u dh nsu gSA eSa Hkyk dSls ml vkneh ds lkFk jg ldrh gw¡ ftlus 'kh”ks dh rjg fny ij Hkh ,d eghu ydhj [khap gYdh&lh Bsl ls mls rksM+ fn;kA**16 ^^esjk otwn jsfxLrku gS] cjlksa dk I;klkA ftruk Hkh ikuh cjls] [kq”d dk [kq”dA eSa uaxh jsrhyh /kjrh gw¡A ftl ij nwj&nwj rd u dksbZ lk;k gS] u ijNkbZAa cl rst /kwi ls pV[kh cM+h&cM+h njkjksa esa HkqjHkqjh jsr dk <sj gw¡ tks gokvksa ds jgeks&dje ij b/kj ls m/kj mM+rh jgrh gSA**17 bl mnkgj.k esa L=h ds vdsyis u] la=kl vkSj ?kqVu dk fp=.k vafdr gSA ^^xqyckuks dk jax nks eghus esa f[kydj xqykc gks x;k FkkA**18 ;gk¡ L=h [kq”kh n`"VO; gSA blh rjg fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k esa L=h dh NViVkgV gS& ^^NViVkrh lh ckfju uhan ls mB [kVksys ij cSB xbZA**19 ukfljk 'kekZ us L=h ds vlhe nq%[k dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gS % ^^glhuk us ,dk,d jksVh csyuk NksM+ vk¡[k HkkbZ ds psgjs ij xkM+ nh ftlesa nq[k Hkjk Hk; Qu dk<+s [kM+k FkkA**20 49@ ladYiuk 49@la

L=h ds euksHkkoksa ds fp=.k ds dqN mnkgj.k ns[ks& a • ckfju cgw ls gennhZ j[krh fdarq dg ugha ikrhA gkFk eyrs gq, ckfju eu gh eu cqncqnkbZ&^^nwljksa ds fy, yM+uk fdruk ljy gS jh lgtks] exj tc Lo;a ij curh gS] rks lc dSlk dfBu&tfVy yxrk gS\**21 ¼ckfju&Lo;a ls½ • ^^mls rks fo”okl Fkk fd lkl mls fyiVkdj jks,xh] I;kj djsxh] ml vHkkxs nkuo dks dkslrs gq, mldh dykbZ esa ysi yxk,xh] exj -- mldh vk¡[kksa esa iy Hkj dkS/a kh [kq”kh cgqr tYn O;aX;ck.k esa ifjofrZr gks xbZA vc og D;k djs\a mldk Øks/k dSls 'kkar djsa -- ?kj ds dke esa gkFk ugha yxkus nsrh] lsok djus tkrh gw¡ rks iSj [khap dj nqRdkj nsrh gS--A**22 vkSjr ds fy, vkSjr dk cnyrk :i gS ;gA ¼”kUuks--½ • ^^;gk¡ D;ksa yk;k gS bl fNuky dks\ rsjs fy, yM+fd;ksa dk vdky iM+ x;k Fkk D;k js\ ckfju ,dk,d nk¡r ihldj xqjkZbAZ **23 • ^^jkr dks [kk&ihdj tc lkjk eksgYyk 'kkar gks tkrk] og Hkh [kVksys ij Fkdh Vk¡xs ilkj lksprh fd bl uy dks gekjs gh n~okjs yxuk Fkk\ lksrh rks liuk ns[krh fd eksgYys ds lkjs enZ ,dk,d nks&eq¡g lk¡i dh rjg thHk yiyikrs gq, uy ds gkSns ds pkjksa rjQ daM q yh ekjs cSBs gSAa Lo;a dks le>krh& vPNk gS uy ikl gS nwj gksrk rks cgw dh fuxjkuh dSls dj ikrhA uUgha&lh dksey tku bu dkys dkscjksa dk fo"k\**24 • ^^rks fQj isV dk nkst[+k dSls Hkj;ks Hkksys ljdkj\**25 • ^^lwjr ns[ks go viuh lwvjok okyh\ pys gSa yk[k dk liuk ns[ksA**26 ukfljk 'kekZ dh Hkk"kk eqgkojsnkj gksus ds dkj.k laoknksa esa izk.k Mky nsrh gSA f”kYi vkSj dF; ds vuq:i vusd mnkgj.k feyrs gSAa mUgksua s flQZ L=h ;k iq#"k ds euksHkkoksa dks gh ugha vfirq ,d fgtM+s ds euksHkko dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gSA ;Fkk&^pkj cgusa 'kh”kegy dh* esa 'kdhyk fgtM+k dk ;g laokn& ^^eqbZ dk¡p dh pwfM+;k¡ fVdrh dgk¡ gS]a vkf”kd+kas ds fny dh rjg fpV[+k tkrh gSA**27 ukfljk 'kekZ ds dFkklkfgR; esa L=h dh ;kruk vkSj e`R;qcks/k dk fp=.k gqvk gSA ;Fkk & • ^^?kjksa esa rkys iM+s gSa vkSj iqjkus dfczLrku ds rkys [kksy fn, x, gSa -- dqN irk gS ,d dcz esa dbZ&dbZ yk”ks]a land w esa diM+kas dh rjg rg dh tk jgh gS --- eqnksZa dk <sj tSls d;ker dk fnu lc ,d lkFk ej x, yk”ks& a gh yk”ksAa **28 ¼rkghj&Lo;a ls½ • ^^bl ?kj esa eqjnu dh phtsa gh rks Hkjh gS& a fygkQ] dacy] rfd;k] iyax] dqlhZ] cjru] pIiy] Åij ls [kkuk Hkh gj nwljs&rhljs g¶rs ejuh&djuh 'kknh C;kg dk vk gh tkr gSA**29 ¼cM+dh&NqVdh ls½ • ^^ftruk dj ldrs Fks djrs FksA dHkh etZ csdkcw gksus ij mfpr mipkj dh lqfoèkk u feyus ds dkj.k jksxh ej tkrs FksA dHkh mudk 'ko lxs&lac/a kh ys tkrs FksA 50@ ladYiuk 50@la

dHkh&dHkh ykokfjl eqnksaZ dh ftEesnkjh leL;k cu tkrhA xSj dks vius dfczLrku esa xkM+us dks dksbZ jkth u gksrk vkSj b/kj&m/kj nckuk eqf”dy FkkA bl ijs”kkuh dks ns[kdj iqÙku fe;k¡ us viuh pkj ch?kk t+ehu ykokfjlksa ds dfczLrku ds fy, fiNys lky oDQ dj nh FkhA**30 ^fojklr* dgkuh esa iqÙkufe;k¡ xjhc ejhtksa dks rks u cpk lds fdarq eqnksaZ dh O;oLFkk ds fy, mlus tehu ns nh FkhA ^fojklr* dgkuh dk uewu dgrk gS&^êqnksaZ tyk, yxks rks txg gh txgA dSlk et+k esa jgr jgh ;gk¡ dkdh] vkftj rksgkj ?kj Hkh dczu dh ut+j gks; xok u\**31 ukfljk 'kekZ us vkoklh; leL;k dks mdsjk gSA euq"; iqjkuh jhfr;ksa esa bruk my> tkrk gS fd mls orZeku leL;k dk lek/kku <w<¡ u+ k gh ugha vkrk] ;k fQj tkucw> dj ijs”kkuh ikyrk jgrk gSA ôkfjl* dgkuh ds iqYyk&iqYykbu csVs dk bartkj djrs gSa ysfdu csVk dHkh ugha vkrk vkSj ,d vk;k rks dQu esa fyiVdj vk;kA iqYyk&iqYykbu Øcksa ds chp cSB jgrs] vxjcÙkh lqyxkrs] dfczLrku dh lkQ&lQkbZ djrs% ^^dcz dh 'kDy esa mudk csVk muds ikl ykSV vk;k gS ftlls og jkst+ feyus tkrs] mldh ckrsa djrs gS]a fQj dy feyus dh rS;kjh esa ?kj ykSVrs gSa vkSj >ksys esa ubZ vxjcfÙk;k¡ vkSj 'kek MkyrsA**32 bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd ukfljk 'kekZ L=h ds euksHkkoksa dks fpf=r djus esa rks lQy gSa gh] rnuq:i L=hHkk’kk ds izkekf.kd ikB&xBu esa Hkh iw.kZr% lQy gSAa la n HkZ 1- ¼la-½ lfPpnkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;*( lkekftd ;FkkFkZ vkSj dFkk Hkk"kk( i`- 12 2- vukfedk( eu ek¡>us dh t:jr( i`- 35 3- lwtu xsy( Hkk"kk] fyax vkSj lÙkk( L=h dh Hkk"kk&egknsoh ds lanHkZ es]a xos"k.kk( i`- 146 ls m)`r 4- vukfedk( eu ek¡>us dh t:jr( i`- 36 5- ukfljk 'kekZ( pkj cgusa 'kh”kegy dh( [kqnk dh okilh( i`- 50 6- ukfljk 'kekZ( ftank eqgkojs( i`- 56 7- ukfljk 'kekZ( ftank eqgkojs( i`- 75 8- ukfljk 'kekZ( ftank eqgkojs( i`- 76 9- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^ckoyh*] nl izfrfuf/k dgkfu;k¡( i`- 18 10- ukfljk 'kekZ( Bhdjs dh eaxuh( i`- 126 11- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^bCus efj;e*] bCus efj;e( i`- 156 12- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 69 13- ukfljk 'kekZ( Bhdjs dh eaxuh( i`- 99 14- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^vkSck&rkSck*] 'kkeh dkxt+( i`- 125 15- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^vkSck&rkSck*] 'kkeh dkx+t(+ i`- 125 16- ukfljk 'kekZ( û;h gqdew r*] [kqnk dh okilh( i`- 165 17- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^'kkeh dkx+t*+ ] 'kkeh dkx+t(+ i`- 89 18- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^dkx+th cknke*] bCus efj;e( i`- 57 19- ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 76

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ukfljk 'kekZ( ^pkยกn&flrkjs dh 'krjat*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 30 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 74 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 74 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 67 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^rrb;k*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 63 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^pkยกn&flrkjksa dh 'krjat( i`- 32 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^pkยกn&flrkjksa dh 'krjat( i`- 32 ukfljk 'kekZ( pkj cgusa 'kh'kegy dh( i`- 44 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^bCus efj;e*] bCus efj;e( i`- 137 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^xwยกxh xokgh*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 32 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^fojklr*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 12 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^fojklr*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 13 ukfljk 'kekZ( ^fojklr*] lchuk ds pkyhl pksj( i`- 28

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vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk & lqj¸;k ijohu vukfedk dh lkfgR; Hkk"kk ij L=h dks.k ls fopkj djus ij ;g ckr Li"V gksrh gS fd mUgksua s ekSf[kd vfHkO;fDr ds lkFk&lkFk L=h dh lkadfs rd vfHkO;fDr dks Hkh viuh lkfgR; Hkk"kk dk vax cuk;k gSA tSlk fd dgk tkrk gS] L=h viuh euksHkkoukvksa dks 'kCnksa dh rqyuk esa eqnkz vks]a ladrs ksa vkSj vikaxksa ds }kjk vf/kd vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa Hkh fL=;k¡ 'kCnksa ds vykok nsg Hkk"kk esa Hkh [kwc cksyrh cfr;krh gSAa ;gh dkj.k gS fd vukfedk ds lkfgR; esa L=h dh nsg Hkk"kk dh O;atuk djusokys Hkkf"kd iz;ksxksa dh Hkjekj gSA ,slh dqN 'kCnkoyh vkSj vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks fuEufyf[kr :iksa esa lwphc) fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1- vk¡[kksa vk¡[kksa esa gks tkrh gS xq¶rxw] cl fVdV] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 83 2- fey tkrh gSa mudh vk¡[ks]a fQj g¡l iM+rh gS]a cl fVdV] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 83 3- Hkjh lHkk esa fpjifjfpr vk¡[kksa dk xqipqi laokn] cl fVdV] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 83 4- esjh ulsa xqnxqnkrh] ftg~ok] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 86 5- flgjs gq, jks,¡] mlus dgk Fkk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 96 6- xquxquk mBh gS@esjs Hkhrj ds@[kjxks'k dh >qj>qjh] mlus dgk Fkk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 98 7- lk¡las ?kqVrh lh gS]a g¡lh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 103 8- Øks/k ls jtxt vk¡[ks]a ouesFkh vkSj egk'osrk nh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 106 9- feyk jgsa gSa viuh [kksb& Z [kksbZ vk¡[ks]a iwNrkN dk;kZy;] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 109 10- iksN a h tkrh gS [k¡jw t s m¡xfy;k¡] nhokj dh vLQqV vk—fr;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 110 11- Bud&Bud tkrk gS ekFkk] Naxs vkSj deZdkaM] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 123 12- lk¡l jksd yh Fkh] cspkjs ikik vkSj lwfDr;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 125 13- Vqdjq &Vqdjq ns[k jgs gSa nksuks]a cspkjs ikik vkSj lwfDr;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 126 14- Bksd a ctkdj ns[krh gSa vfHkHkkod&lh] y?kqif=dk,¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 150 15- esjh vk¡[ksa pq¡f/k;k jgh gS]a cq[kkj] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 152 16- lqna j&lh] [kqjnqjh gFksyh@ rirs gq, esjs ekFks ij] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 156 17- [kksbZ vk¡[ks]a Hkksys psgjs] nykbZykek] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 167 18- esjs c¡/ks gq, gkFk gSa v/khj] csjkstxkj] [kqjnqjh] gFksfy;k¡( i`- 172 19- eqg¡ ij j[kdj rygFkh@g¡lrh gSa fnu&Hkj dh lc ?kqMf+ d;k¡] Hkw[k] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 176&177 20- mldk da/kk Nwdj ns[ks rks] Qkyrw] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 180 21- fxUu&fxUu ukprk ekFkk] ifrozrk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 28

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22- cM+h xeZtks'kh ds lkFk gkFk feyk;k] ,d vkSjr dk igyk jktdh; izokl] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 25 23- g¡lrh gS etcwj ek¡ dh g¡lh] efgyk dykdkj] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 40 24- eSa us rksMk+ [kqn dks dwV dwV dj] x`gy{eh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 42 25- ,d ph[k esjs Hkhrj Hkh nch gS] ph[k] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 43 26- epy jgh gSa mldh ck¡g dh eNfy;k¡] ,d ixysV dFkk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 57 27- ?kj esa ?kqlrs gh@tksj ls ngkM+rs Fks ekfyd vkSj ,d gh Mk¡V ij@,dne iV~V@ysV tkrh Fkha os@ne lk/kdj] ifrozrk] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 27 28- vkSj eqX/kk ukf;dkvksa dh eqLdku@eqLdqjkdj dfg,&^lkWjh*] vkt+knh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 112 29- ysVh gqbZ Vscy q ij@,dVd ns[k jgh gS eq>dks@viuh ml Qhdh eqLdku ds lkFk@tks brus fnu og eqLdk;h@esjs gj vukpkj ij] iRuh] [kqjnqjh gFksfy;k¡( i`- 133 30- bldh cgqr xgjh vkSj Hk¡oj&lh vry ukfHk ij] ls¶Vh fiu] nwc/kku( i`- 56 31- gkFk ck¡/kdj Vsd ysrk lj viuh taxkbZ gqbZ ml fjokfYoax dqlhZ ij] ,d uUgh&lh /kksfcu ¼fpjS;k½] nwc/kku( i`- 59 32- vxe dav q k Fkk isV] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`- 62 33- mldk eu Fkk bruk ftn~nh ikS/kk] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`- 62 34- vk¡[k esa ned mBrk Fkk ^ni* ls vkSj ulksa esa rks yxkrkj jgrk Fkk tjk&tjk lqyxk&lk] lkoZtfud pkSdk] nwc/kku( i`- 62 35- xksn esa fdukjksa dh jgrk gS iwjk leqna j] ln~x`gLFk] nwc/kku( i`- 65 36- ,d xqQk gS esjh ukfHk ds uhps] ;kSu nklh] nwc/kku( i`- 66 37- ftuls HkUuk;k iM+k Fkk mudk ekFkk] tq,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 67 38- ,d v¡xBw s dh rjg fn[kkÅ¡xh nsg nwj ls] pkSng cjl dh nks lsDl odZlZ nwc/kku( i`- 70 39- esjh bu m[kM+h gqbZ lk¡lksa esa tks Hkaoj gS] cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] nwc/kku( i`- 73 40- esjh >qylh ck¡gksa ij fQj ls mxus rks yxh gSa ;s yky ifÙk;k¡] cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] nwc/kku( i`- 74 41- nksuksa ls x<+s x, Fks gksBa vkSjr ds] cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj] nwc/kku( i`- 84 42- jkr ds dysts esa ctrk gS lUukVk] fpV~Bh fy[krh gqbZ vkSjr] nwc/kku( i`- 81 43- da/kk tksMs+ cSBs isez h&;qxy dh oks ef)e g¡lh] x`gy{eh ij X;kjg dfork,¡] nwcèkku( i`- 82 44- xnZu mBk esjk eq¡g ns[k ysrh gS Hkj&vk¡[k] x`gy{eh ij X;kjg dfork,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 85 45 vkSj vk¡[ksa nkyksa ds vkS/a ks fMCcs dk v/k[kqyk <Ddu gks tkrh gS]a x`gy{eh ij X;kjg dfork,¡] nwc/kku( i`- 95 46 eq¡g mBkdj ns[krs gSa viyd xhyh vk¡[kksa ls] Hkje] nwc/kku( i`- 108 54@ ladYiuk 54@la

47 og czge~ dh g¡lh Fkh] fj'rk] nwc/kku( i`- 111 48 Hk`dfq V dh rjg fldqM+ x, Fks] fj'rk] nwc/kku( i`- 111 49 tkxh vk¡[kksa esa NwVk gks tSls ,d f[kykSuk [okc] cPpk] nwc/kku( i`- 119 50 iUuksa dh QVrh Nkrh ij NwV x, gSa mlds v{kj] cPpk] nwc/kku( i`- 119 51 fQj >Dd g¡l nsrh vk¡[kksa ls] nhokyh % ofdZx a foesal gkWLVy] nwc/kku( i`- 171 52 vk¡[kksa dk vk¡[kiu pyk tkrk gS] thou dk ck¡diu] daM q h] nwc/kku( i`- 177 53 thouh dh ftg~ok ij ,d vtc lk Lokn jprs gS]a Hkkr csjgfV;k dk] nwc/kku( i`- 179 54 vk¡[kks& a vk¡[kksa esa gks tkrh gS xq¶rxw vkSj gkFkks& a gkFk c<+rk pyk tkrk gS flDdk] cl fVdV] nwc/kku( i`- 181 55 fpjifjfpr vk¡[kksa dk xqipqi laokn] cl fVdV] nwc/kku( i`- 181 56 ukfHk dh xgjkb;ksa rd egklkxj dh gekjs ik¡o okeu cks;s gS]a 'kh"kZ dh Vguh] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 18 57 pqIih ds ik¡oksa esa Nkys gS]a nknh dk taij] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 19 58 vk¡[kksa esa lsey ds yky&yky Qwy Hkjs tkxrk gS] ftanxh] tks Qwy gS dikl dk] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 22 59 vk¡[kksa esa HkfV~B;k¡ lqyxrh gS]a lwjt dk [kksea pk] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 23 60 vk¡[kks& a lk >i ls >qd vkrk gS vkSj ,d fnu] ijns'k dk ,d vkSj fnu] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 26 61 QSyk, gFksyh iÙkksa dh] ihiy] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`-33 62 iUuksa dh QVrh Nkrh ij NwV x, gSa mlds v{kj] cPpk] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`- 47 63 vk¡[kksa ds Bgjs ls ikuh esa te vkbZ eqnkZ mEehnksa dh dkbZ] ckrs]a le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 53 64 dku ls lw[ks iÙks mrkj VwV dj vaxM+kbZ ysrh gS dusj] 'kke % ,d] le; ds 'kgj esa( i`- 110 65 ukfHk dh xgjkb;ksa esa dq.Mfyuh ds fcYdqy led{k tkx x;k Fkk r{kd jkr] le; ds 'kgj es(a i`- 112 66 fpduh pqiM+h ckgsa dwfpiwfM+ dh lh Hkafxek xgs gS]a esjk ?kj nl vk;ke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 3 67 lwjt esjs da/kksa dh vksV ys <yrk gS] ifjorZu] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 10 68 uhy u;uksa esa lqcg ds LoIu&lk og ,d rkjk iafDr ls NwVk gqvk] Kkiu xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 11 69 uHk ds iSjksa esa esgna h tc jprh gS] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 70 nq[krs gq, da/ks mpd ugha ldrs] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 71 flykbZ gksBksa dh rksMu+ s dk] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 55@ ladYiuk 55@la

72 befy;ks& a lh m¡xfy;k¡ ns[kus Hkj dks gS] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 14 73 lius Fkh dkr jgh nsgyh esa vk¡[kksa dh] HkkbZ lqD[ku egrks ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 15 74 :[k] dkyh peM+h okys os es?k&[k.M] lkbZl pk¡n] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 29 75 ihyh vk¡[kksa okyk dkyk vacj js] grk'k czge~ n.M] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 31 76 r:oj dh ckgsa yh Fkke] vylk;k ik[kh] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 33 77 cquk djrs gSa gkFk jkr&jkr Hkj] vylk;k ik[kh] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 33 78 vksBksa ij iM+ xbZa iifM;k¡] Hkwjh feV~Vh xhyh feV~Vh] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 34 79 iSjksa esa /kwi ds uwijw ] c¡/krs ugha D;ksa] Hkwjh feV~Vh xhyh feV~Vh] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 34 80 l`f"V lkjh Hkj ck¡gksa es]a mÙkjkf/kdkj] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 39 81 c<+k j[ks blus gSa uk[kwu {k.k ds] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 43 82 LysV ij mj esa v¡ds v{kj Hkkoksa ds] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 43 83 ,d ykSrs dku ij tw¡ Hkh ugha jsx a rh] ?kM+h ds uke] xyr irs dh fpV~Bh( i`- 43 84 ilkjs gFksfy;k¡ gSa ifÙk;ksa dks] dqN vuqÙkfjr iz'u] 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 4 85 uSuksa ds nksuksa esa euds Hkjuk gksxk vkns'k % vius xhrksa ds xk;d dks] 'khry Li'kZ] ,d /kwi dh( i`- 24 86 xw¡xh esjh vk¡[ksa pkg fy, dqN dgus dh] vkns'k % vius xhrksa ds xk;d dks] 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 24 87 uhykHk iqrfy;ksa okys esjs u;uksa ds foLrkj] fc[kjs ls dqN iz'u % lanHkZ vkdk'k dk] 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 25 88 ck¡gksa esa lkjk fo'o lesV]s dqN vius ckjs es]a 'khry Li'kZ ,d /kwi dh( i`- 70 89 ?kqVuksa esa eq¡g xkMs lks tkrh gS D;ksa lbZ lk¡> vkf[kj] Hkwy pwd] chtk{kj( i`- 15 90 xM+rh gqbZ vk¡[kksa vkSj lw[ks gq, gksBks]a vkSj yFkjh gqbZ Vk¡xksa dk lQj] mM+u[kVksyk] chtk{kj( i`- 18 91 eq¡g ckus yxrs gSa ryoksa es]a ?kj] chtk{kj( i`- 48 92 vk¡[kksa esa mM+ur'rjh ls lh/kk mrj vkrs gSa nqfu;k ds lkjs jgL;] ftYn] chtk{kj( i`- 51 93 vk¡[kksa ls ^ekul* dh ttZj izfr ls mBrh gYdh&lh [kfut xa/k] xa/k] chtk{kj( i`- 59 94 tks ikuhnkj rks ogha vk¡[ks]a uedhu ikuh esa ik¡o jksi dj cSBh pV~Vkus]a xa/k] chtk{kj( i`- 59 95 ykvks] 'kgn vk¡[kksa ls <kyks FkksMk+ &lk ;gk¡ b/kj dfy;ksa ij] _f"kdk] chtk{kj( i`- 66 96 dVkonkjksa vk¡[kksa ls] vokarj dFkk( i`- 8 97 vk¡[kksa esa v'oes/k ds NqVV~ s ?kksMk+ as dh yydkj] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 98 gksBksa ij fgdkjr dh frjNh eqLdku vkSj pq:V] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 56@ ladYiuk 56@la

99 psgjs ij vkReeqX/krk vkSj pky esa mM+uNwiu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 100 Nkrh flgj tkuk] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 101 vk¡[k nckdj cksyk] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 102 vk¡[ksa liuhyh gks tkrh] vokarj dFkk( i`- 12 103 vk¡[ksa tSlh f[kyh&dh f[kyh jg xbZ] vokarj dFkk( i`- 21 104 vk¡[k esa vaxkjs] thHk ij ,flM] nsg esa djsVa ] eu esa for`".kk dk tgjhyk Qsu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 24 105 lk¡lksa esa Ån fcyko ds ik¡o mrj vkrs Fks] vokarj dFkk( i`- 25 106 vk¡[kksa dk xgjk liuhykiu] vokarj dFkk( i`- 26 107 cM+h&cM+h vk¡[kksa ls Nydha —rKrk dh ve‘r cw¡n]as vokarj dFkk( i`- 26 108 frjNh vk¡[ksa ,sls Hkksd a ha tSls ?kqi&?kqi&?kqi cPpk lsc esa pkdw Hkksd a rk gS] vokarj dFkk( i`- 31 109 vk¡[ksa Fkha fd v'oes/k ds NqVV~ s ?kksM]s+ vokarj dFkk( i`- 36 110 mudh frjNh eqLdkusa fØdsV dh cfYy;ks& a lh mBrh Fkh] vokarj dFkk( i`- 46 111 vk¡[kksa dh T;ksfr :B xbZ] nl }kjs dk fiatjk( i`- 137 112 vk¡[kksa esa dgha dksbZ gYdk iNrkok Hkh >yd jgk Fkk] nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 137 113 os vk¡[ksa lwQh dh vk¡[ksa Fkha lrjaxh vk¡[ks]a nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 137 114 mUgsa <w¡<r+ & s <+k¡<r+ s esjh lk¡las p<+h jgrha] nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 219 115 ik¡o NqMk+ dj tc os QkVd dh vksj c<+]s nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 225 116 ftg~ok ij vfXu nsork dk fuokl gksrk gS] nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 248 117 ehBh&lh ,d vk¡p lk¡lksa esa mBrh eglwl gqb]Z nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 270 118 eerk mudh vk¡[kksa ls Vidrh gS] frudk fruds ikl( i`- 86 119 'ka[k lh vk¡[kksa okys ds iziYq y gksBksa dk Lej.k] izfruk;d( i`- 4 120 vk¡[kksa esa fdj.ksa mHkjh] izfruk;d( i`- 6 121 nk¡rksa ls vksB Hkhaps os pqipki cSBh jgh] izfruk;d( i`- 8 122 vk¡[kksa esa m¡xyh Mky mls [kkuk idkus dh lgh jhfr ds fo"k; esa funs'Z k fn, x,] izfruk;d( i`- 27 123 eklwe vk¡[kksa okys yksx vDlj u nwjxkeh ck¡gas j[krs gSa u yEch thHk] izfruk;d( i`- 28 124 vk¡[kksa esa Hkj vkbZ dhpM iksN a h vkSj nk¡r fuiksM+ fn,] izfruk;d( i`- 45 125 /kM+drk eu vkSj liuhyh vk¡[ksa fy,] izfruk;d( i`- 58 126 mldh vk¡[ksa ckt dh vk¡[ksa gS]a nl }kjs dk ihatjk( i`- 83 mi;qDZ r foospu ls Li"V gS fd vukfedk us lkfgR; esa L=h&nsg&Hkk"kk ds fofo/k vk;keksa dk lekos”k djds lkfgfR;d Hkk"kk dks u;k Lo:i iznku fd;k gSA

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MhvkjMhvks dk oSKkfud lkfgR; & vpZuk ikaMs; fdlh Hkh laLFkk dk lkfgR; ml laLFkk dk çfrfcac gksrk gSA laLFkk }kjk çdkf'kr dh tkus okyh i=&if=dk,~¡ laLFkk dh xfrfof/k;ks]a dk;Z ç.kkyh] fopkj/kkjk rFkk mä foHkkx }kjk fd, tkus okys dk;Z dh tkudkjh nsrh gSAa i=&if=dk,¡] iqLrds]a Lekfjdk,a laLFkk dh xfrfofèk;k¡] laLFkku esa gks jgs 'kks/k dk;Z] laLFkku dh çxfr ,oa fodkl] laLFkku esa gks jgs uokpkj rFkk Kku& foKku dk çpkj&çlkj djus esa lokZf/kd dkjxj gksrh gSAa MhvkjMhvks Hkkjr dh j{kk ls tqMs+ vuql/a kku dk;ksZa ds fy, ns'k dh vxz.kh ,oa çfrf’Br laLFkk gSA ns'k Hkj esa MhvkjMhvks dh 54 ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ gSAa bu ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa lsuk o lSfudksa ds mi;ksx dh lHkh vko';d oLrqvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA tSls bu ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa nqxeZ ioZrksa ij Hkh çk.kj{kk ds fy, ^jsMh Vw bZV* tSls [kk| inkFkksZa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS] dM+kds dh BaM dks lgu djus ds fy, fo'ks"k çdkj ds tSdVs ] cqyVs çwQ tSdVs ] fo'ks"k çdkj ds VsVa ] yM+kdw foeku] VSd a ] VkfiZMks] gokbZ tgkt] cand w ]as xksyk ck:n] bysDVªkWfud okj Qs;j flLVe rFkk yach nwjh o de nwjh dh ekjd {kerk okys felkbyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gSA buesa ls dqN ç;ksx'kkykvksa esa tgk¡ ls jktHkk"kk if=dkvksa dk çdk'ku fd;k tkrk gS] mudh ç;ksx'kkyk esa fd, tk jgs dk;ksZa ls lacfa èkr ys[k çdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSAa oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh ys[kksa ds lkFk lkFk bu if=dkvksa esa dqN lkekU; ys[k ,oa laLFkk ds deZpkfj;ksa }kjk jfpr dfork,¡ vkfn Hkh çdkf'kr dh tkrh gSAa blls fganh dk çpkj çlkj gksus ds lkFk lkFk fopkjksa rFkk Kku dk Hkh lgtrk ls vknku çnku gksrk gSA bu ys[kksa dks fy[kus ds fy, fof'k"V ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh foKku ds {ks= esa ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dk cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA ;k ;w¡ dgsa fd ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn oSKkfud ys[ku dh /kqjh gSA oLrqr% ftldh ifjHkk"kk dh xbZ gks mls ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dgrs gSAa ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh ds {ks= esa rhu çdkj dh çfØ;k,¡ pyrh gS& a 1- brj Hkk"kkvksa ds 'kCn ;Fkk:i ;k viuh Hkk"kk dh çfr ds vuq:i viuk, tk,¡A tSls vk;u&ION, dscy CABLE 2- çpfyr 'kCnksa ds vFkksZa dh f'kfFkyrk dk fujkdj.k fd;k tk,] tSls /kkjk CURRENT 3- u, 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,A ¼oSKkfud lkfgR; ds vuqokn dh leL;k,¡ M‚ HkksykukFk frokjh] i`- 17½ ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dh ;g Hkh fo'ks"krk gksrh gS fd u rks bl dk ljyhdj.k fd;k tk

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ldrk gS vkSj u gh fDy"V cuk;k tk ldrk gS D;ksfa d ;g fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS lkFk gh foKku rFkk çkS|ksfxdh ls lacfa /kr gksus ds dkj.k bldh 'kCnkoyh esa eupkgk ifjorZu ds fy, dksbZ LFkku ugha gksrkA M‚- HkksykukFk frokjh ds vuqlkj eq[;r% Ng vk/kkjksa ij ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dks fuEufyf[kr :i esa oxhZ—r fd;k tkrk gS& d½ lzkrs ds vk/kkj ij & 1½ rRle 2½ rn~Hko 3½ vkxr& fons'kh 4½ ns'kt 5½ ladj 1½ ijaijkxr vFkkZr viuh Hkk"kk ijaijk esa igys ls ç;qäA 2½ x`ghr % vFkkZr nwljh Hkk"kk ls fy, x, 'kCnA 3½ uofufeZr& vFkkZr u, cuk, x, 'kCnA [k½ jpuk ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ewy 2½ ;kSfxd ¼milxZ;ä q ] çR;;;qä] leLrin] milxZ çR;;;qä&leLrinA½ vFkZ ds vk/kkj ij ;kSfxd 'kCnksa ds nks Hksn gks ldrs gS& a lkekU;& lkekU; vFkZ nsus okys 'kCn] :<+&fo'ks"k vFkZ esa :<+ 'kCn x½ ç;ksx ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ iw.kZ ikfjHkkf"kd&tks 'kCn lkekU;r% dsoy ikfjHkkf"kd gks lkekU; Hkk"kk esa ç;qä u gksA 2½ v/kZ ikfjHkkf"kd&tks 'kCn lkekU; Hkk"kk esa Hkh ç;qä gks rFkk ikfjHkkf"kd :i esa Hkh ç;qä gksA ?k½ vFkZ dh lw{erk o LFkwyrk ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ladYiukcks/kd& tks lw{e ladYiukvks]a çR;;ksa ;k vo/kkj.kkvksa dks O;ä djsAa tSls v}Srokn] ÅtkZA 2½ oLrqcks/kd& tks oLrqvksa dks cksf/kr djsAa tSls dSfY'k;e M+½ 'kCn esa inh; bdkb;ksa ds vk/kkj ij& 1½ ,dinh;& ftlesa ,d in gks % tSls /keuhA 2½ f}inh;& ftlesa nks in gksAa ouLifr foKku rFkk çk.kh foKku esa ,sls uke feyrs gSAa tSls vke ds fy, Mangifera Indica. 3½ f=inh;& ftlesa rhu in gksAa ;s nks çdkj ds gksrs gSAa ,d rks os ftuesa igyk 'kCn oa'k dk] nwljk tkfr dk rFkk rhljk çtkfr dk gksrk gSA tSls euq"; ds flj dh tw¡ ds fy, Peduclus Humanus Capitis. nwljs çdkj ds f=inh; ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa esa igyk uke oa'k dk nwljk tkfr dk rFkk

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rhljk vUos"kd dk gksrk gSA tSls eksj ds fy,

Pavo Cristatus Linnaeus.

p½ fo"k; ds vk/kkj ij& bl vk/kkj ij gj foKku ;k 'kkL= ds ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnksa dks vyx vyx oxksZa esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA tSls n'kZu ds] Hkk"kk'kkL= ds] tho foKku ds vkfnA ¼ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh dqN leL;k,¡ % M‚ HkksykukFk frokjh] i`- 20½ foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds bl vk/kqfud ;qx esa fdlh Hkh ns'k dh çxfr vkSj le`f) ml ns'k dh lSU; 'kfä rFkk foKku vkSj VsDu‚ykth esa ml ns'k dh idM+ rFkk mi;ksx ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ,slk djus ds fy, ml ns'k ds ikl viuh Hkk"kk esa oSKkfud 'kCnkoyh dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA foKku dh Hkk"kk esa 'kCnkoyh dk cgqr egRo gS D;ksfa d fdlh Hkh oSKkfud çfØ;k ;k ifj?kVuk esa mls O;ä djus vFkok vius lSfudksa dks le>kus ds fy, ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds fodkl ds lkFk tgk¡ ,d vksj Kku dk çlkj gksrk gS] ogha Hkk"kk dh le`f) vkSj foLrkj Hkh gksrk gSA MhvkjMhvks esa iz;qDr laf{kfIr;k¡ MhvkjMhvks esa fofHkUu vuql/a kku dk;ksZa ds nLrkosthdj.k ds nkSjku rFkk oSKkfud ys[kksa rFkk 'kks/k i=ksa dh çLrqrhdj.k vFkok çdk'ku ds nkSjku rRlac/a kh laf{kfIr;ksa dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s laf{kfIr;k¡ ml laxBu esa çpfyr gks tkrh gS]a rFkk dbZ LFkkuksa ij ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSAa MhvkjMhvks dh dqN çpfyr laf{kfIr;k¡ bl çdkj gSa & ¼1½ MhvkjMh,y@DRDL % j{kk vuql/a kku ,oa fodkl ç;ksx'kkyk@Defence Research and Development Laboratory

¼2½ VhvkbZlh@TIC% rduhdh lwpuk dsæa @Technical Information Centre ¼3½ thihih@GPP % tujy ijil çksll s j@General Purpose Processor ¼4½ , vkbZ@AI% vkfVZQhf'k;y baVfs ytsl a @Artificial Intelligence ¼5½ thih,l@GPS% xzkmaM iksft'kfuax flLVe@Ground Positioning System ¼6½ ,ylh,@LCA% ykbV dkEcSV ,;jØk¶V@Light Combat Aircraft ¼7½ vkbZth,eMhih@IGMDP% ,dhr funsfZ 'kr ç{ksikL= fodkl dk;ZØe@Integrated Guided Missile Development Program

¼8½ Mhlh@DC % M‚;jsDVlZ dkmafly@Directors Council ¼9½ ,Vh,e@ATM % VSd a jks/kh ç{ksikL=@Anti Tank Missile ¼10½ ,ebZ,e,l@MEMS % ekbØks bysDVªks esdfs udy flLVEl@Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

MhvkjMhvks Hkkjr dh rhuksa lsukvksa dks fo'oLrjh; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ds vk/kkj ij l'kä rFkk le`) cukus ds fy, cukbZ xbZ laLFkk gSA ;gk¡ lSfudksa ds ç;ksx esa vkus okyh fofHkUu oLrqvksa ds fuekZ.k gsrq vuql/a kku dk;Z fd, tkrs gSAa ns'k Hkj esa MhvkjMhvks dh

60@ ladYiuk 60@la

ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ fLFkr gSAa MhvkjMhvks }kjk çdkf'kr oSKkfud lkfgR; esa fofHkUu ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkofy;ksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks ml {ks= fo”ks’k ds fof”k’V “kCn gksrs gSAa

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L=h foe”kZ ekuokf/kdkj vkSj L=h l'kähdj.k & Mk- viZ.kk nhfIr eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa esa L=h la?k”kZ & vatq ikaM;s —".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h la?k’kZ & xkSfl;k ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa fL=;ksa dk thou & uhyksQj ledkyhu dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k & eksfudk nsoh

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63@ ladYiuk 63@la

ekuokf/kdkj vkSj L=h l l''kähdj.k % oSpkfjdrk & M‚- viZ.kk nhfIr ekuokf/kdkj euq"; ds lkekftd thou dh cqfu;kn gS rFkk gj euq"; ds ewyHkwr vfèkdkj gSA fdarq Hkkjrh; lekt esa cgqr gn rd fL=;k¡ buls oafpr gSAa vkt Hkh os lkekftd ,oa lkaL—frd lanHkZ esa xSjcjkcjh dk na'k >sy jgh gSAa dgus dks ,d rjQ tgk¡ L=h l'kähdj.k dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gS ogha nwljh vksj mUgsa ekuokf/kdkj tSlh ewyHkwr lqfo/kk ls oafpr jguk iM+ jgk gSA fL=;k¡ vkt Hkh rjg&rjg dh fgalk dk f'kdkj gks jgh gSAa ,sls esa ;g ç'u mBuk LokHkkfod gS] D;k 'kks"k.k dh f'kdkj ;s fL=;k¡ vius dks l'kä djus esa dqN lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk ik,¡xh\ L=h dks l'kä cukus dk ;g vFkZ drbZ ugha gS fd mUgsa vius L=hRo ds xq.k ls foeq[k gksuk iM+]s vFkok lekt ls vyx gksuk iM+As bls mudh iq#"kksa ls Li/kkZ ds :i esa drbZ ugha ns[kk tk ldrkA L=h dks l'kä cukus dk y{; gS fd og lkekftd mRFkku ds nkf;Ro esa O;kid lk>snkjh fuHkk ldsA ekuk tkrk gS fd fL=;k¡ iq#"kksa ds eqdkcys 'kkjhfjd {kerk esa derj gksrh gS]a dksey eu dh Lokfeuh Hkh ekuh tkrh gSAa bu lc phtksa ds vfrfjä mUgsa dksbZ 'kkjhfjd lqfo/kk ugha feyrhA dBksj nSfgd Je ls xqtjrs gq, xHkZ ,oa çlo tSlh çk.kkard ihM+k dks >syuk iM+rk gSA mls thouHkj i'kqvksa dh rjg [kVuk gSA vxj xyrh ls mlus viuk flj fgyk fn;k rks bls e;kZnk ,oa 'khy ds fo#) ekuk tkrk gSA L=h dks l'kä cukus ds fy, mls bl HksnHkko ls Åij mBkuk gh gksxkA Hkkjrh; lekt us iq#"kksa dks tgk¡ 'kkS;]Z ohjrk] vkØkedrk] fu;a=.k vkSj neu tSlh lqfoèkkvksa ls uoktk gS ogha og fL=;ksa ls R;kx] {kek] lgu'khyrk] mnkjrk vkSj eerk dh vkxzgiw.kZ ftn djrk gSA bu lc ds ihNs 'kkjhfjd xBu Hkh ,d eq[; dkj.k gSA ;gha ls L=h&iq#"k ds chp HksnHkko 'kq: gks tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt gh ugha deksc's k nqfu;k ds gj ns'k esa ;g ekuk tkrk jgk gS fd fopkj rFkk vFkZ miktZu dk {ks= iq#"kksa ds fy, vkjf{kr gS] fL=;k¡ buls oafpr gSAa gk¡] muds ikl vuqHko t:j gSA ?kj vkSj lekt us viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj lkekftd lqj{kk dk gokyk nsdj fL=;ksa ij dbZ rjg ds çfrca/k yxk fn, gSa tks ekuoh; lH;rk ds fo#) gSAa tSfod lekurk gksrs gq, Hkh fL=;ksa ij jgu&lgu vkSj crkZo lac/a kh fu;e vyx ls ykxw gksrs gSAa ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd L=h dk lnkpkjiw.kZ LFkku ?kj ds Hkhrj gS] mls vius 'khy rFkk e;kZnk dk ikyu djuk gSA yacs ?kw¡?kV ls ysdj cSBus&lksus rd dh txgksa dk fu/kkZj.k dj fn;k tkrk gSA m¡ph vkokt esa cksyuk Hkh fL=;ksa dk xq.k ugha ekuk x;k gSA L=h ds ekuokfèkdkjksa ds ca/kdRo dh 'kq:vkr L=h dh iq#"kksa ij vkfFkZd fuHkZjrk ls gksrh gS D;ksfa d ^vFkZ gh O;fä dks vf/kdkj nsrk gS ftlds }kjk og viuh ifj;kstuk,¡ iwjh dj ldsA vusd fL=;k¡ pkgs os cgqr lk/kkj.k voLFkk esa gh D;ksa u gksa vkfFkZd vf/kdkjksa ls feyus okyh lqfo/kk dk egRo tkurh gSAa *1

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ekuokf/kdkj psruk dk lanHkZ lalkj ds lHkh çkf.k;ksa dks vktkn thus dk gd gSA euq"; gh ,slk çk.kh gS tks vius LokFkZ ds fy, nwljksa dk gd Nhu ysrk gSA ;g Hkh lp gS fd vkneh vius lkjs vf/kdkjksa ds lkFk vktkn iSnk gksrk gS] ysfdu vkneh gh mlds os lkjs vf/kdkj Nhurs gSAa thou ds gj ,d igyw esa dHkh /keZ ds uke ij] dHkh dkuwu ds uke ij] dHkh jhfr&fjokt ds uke ij ekuokf/kdkjksa dk guu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA i`Foh ij ekuo tUe ls gh Lora= rFkk vfèkdkjksa ds lanHkZ esa ,d leku gksrk gSA lewps ekuo lekt dk vf/kdkj lajf{kr jgs] bldh igyh 'krZ ;g gS fd çR;sd euq"; vius futh drZO;ksa dk iwjh rjg ikyu djsA ^euq"; ds lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd nkf;Ro esa vf/kdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa dk varfuZfgr lacèa k gSA*2 ^ekuokf/kdkj ns'kdky esa ifjorZu ds lkFk ugha cnyrs cfYd lnk vkSj loZ= euq"; gksus ds lkFk ;s vf/kdkj tqMs+ gksrs gSAa *3 vxj fdlh lekt esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dk laj{k.k vkSj lEeku ugha gksrk rks og lH;rk ds nkSj esa fiNM+ tkrk gSA la;ä q jk"Vª la?k }kjk 10 fnlacj] 1948 dks loZn's kh; ekuokf/kdkj dh ?kks"k.kk gqbAZ lkFk gh fL=;ksa ds fo#) gksus okys lHkh çdkj ds HksnHkko dks [kRe djus ds fy, 18 fnlacj] 1979 dks fL=;ksa dh lqj{kk gsrq Hkh ,d vfHkle; dk la;kstu fd;k x;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh bls Loh—fr nsrs gq, 1979 esa viuk fy;k rFkk ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA 1993 esa dsæa rFkk jkT;ksa dks ekuokf/kdkj lac/a kh ekeys lqy>kus ds fy, dsæa esa jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx rFkk jkT;ksa esa jkT; ljdkj ds ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk gqbAZ fL=;ksa ds ekuokfèkdkj lac/a kh varjkZ"Vªh; çko/kkuksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fn, x, funsZ'k dqN bl çdkj gS& a ^fL=;ksa ls lacfa /kr ySfa xd HksnHkko [kRe gks] jktuSfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaL—frd {ks=ksa esa iq#"kksa ds lkFk L=h dks Hkh ekuokf/kdkj rFkk cqfu;knh vf/kdkj leku :i ls çkIr gksus pkfg,A vlekurk ij vk/kkfjr lkekftd gSfl;r dh iwo/Z kkj.kkvksa dks Hkax fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ifjokj esa cPpksa ds ykyu&ikyu dk L=h&iq#"k dk leku nkf;Ro gSA ekr`Ro lkekftd nkf;Ro gSA fL=;ksa ds fo#) gksus okys lHkh rjg ds fyax 'kks"k.k dks [kRe djus ds fy, fu;e fuekZ.k rFkk vuqdy w dkjZokbZ dh tkuh pkfg,A lkoZtfud {ks=ksa esa L=h dks iq#"kksa tSlk leku Lrj nsuk pkfg,A iq#"kksa ds lkFk fL=;ksa dks Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; eapksa ij tkus rFkk viuh ljdkj dk çfrfuf/kRo djus dk cjkcj vf/kdkj çkIr gksA viuh ukxfjdrk dh ifjj{kk&ifjorZu esa fL=;ksa dks leku vf/kdkj çkIr gksA ifr dh ukxfjdrk ds Qsjcny ls iRuh ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z ugha gksxk fd og Hkh viuh ukxfjdrk cny nsA ifr Hkh blds fy, iRuh dks etcwj ugha dj ldrkA iq#"kksa ds lkFk f'k{kk çkIr djus dk vf/kdkj fL=;ksa dks Hkh gksuk pkfg,A dkedkt ds {ks= esa fL=;ksa dks iq#"kksa ds lkFk leku vf/kdkj lqjf{kr j[ks tk,¡A ifjokj fu;kstu lfgr lHkh LokLF; vf/kdkj esa L=h&iq#"k ds chp lekurk gksA xHkkZoLFkk ;k çlo ds ckn L=h dks vfuok;Z ,oa eq¶r lsok,¡ çnku dh tkuh pkfg,A fL=;ksa ds fy, iks"k.k;qä vkgkj dh O;oLFkk dh tkuh pkfg,A dkuwu ds vkxs L=h&iq#"k leku gksx a As fookg ikfjokfjd fj'rs vkfn esa L=h&iq#"k ds leku vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk ds fy, dkuwu

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cuus pkfg,A*4 fganw fookg vf/kfu;e ,oa L=h dh fLFkfr fdlh Hkh ns'k ds etcwr lkekftd fo/kku vFkok dkuwuh O;oLFkk esa lcds fy, U;k; vkSj lekurk dk vk'oklu gksuk pkfg,A ekuoh; fgr esa buesa Qsjcny Hkh pyrk jgrk gSA dkuwuh O;oLFkk O;fä ds O;ogkj dks funsfZ 'kr djrh gSA ^bfrgkl esa 'kfäiqt a cudj mHkjh ukjh tc iq#"k&lÙkk ds le{k nch&dqpyh tkus yxh rc mUuhloha lnh esa L=h leFkZu esa vusd lekt& lq/kkjdksa vkSj lkfgR;dkjksa us vkokt mBkbZA^5 ns'k dh vktknh ls igys gh fL=;ksa ds gd esa dkuwu cuus 'kq: gks x,A vktknh ds ckn Hkh fL=;ksa dh n'kk lq/kkjus ds fy, yacs pkSMs+ dkuwu cusA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us 1955 esa fganw fookg vfèkfu;e *,* ds rgr eqfLye leqnk; dks NksMd + j *,d fookg* dks gh ekU;rk çnku dh rFkk cgqfookg dks fganv q ksa ds fy, naMuh; vijk/k ekukA ^Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk&1860 dh /kkjk&494 ds rgr] ;fn dksbZ O;fä ,d iRuh ds jgrs gq,] mlds thou&dky esa gh nwljk fookg djrk gS rks og f}fookg dk nks"kh gksxkA vkSj mls lkr o"kZ dh ltk Hkqxruh gksxhA /kkjk&495 esa ,sls O;fä ds fy, nl o"kZ dh ltk dh ckr dgh xbZ gS] tks fd çFke fookg dh ckr fNikdj nwljk fookg djrk gSA*6 fganw èkeZ esa fookg dks vR;ar egRoiw.kZ laLdkj ekuk tkrk gSA ;g L=h iq#"k lac/a kksa dks ekU;rk çnku djrk gS rFkk ifr&iRuh ds yacs thou dks lkgp;Z çnku djrk gSA fdarq dHkh&dHkh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ foijhr gks tkrh gSa ,oa thou esa bruh dVqrk iSnk gks tkrh gS fd ,d nwljs dk lkFk nwHkj gks tkrk gSA ^vr% fganw fookg vf/kfu;e&1955 dh /kkjk&13 ds varxZr rykd dk çko/kku gSA ifr&iRuh nksuksa gh U;k;ky; ls fookg&foPNsn ds fy, ;kfpdk nk;j dj ldrs gSAa *7 Hkkjrh; lekt esa cky fookg dh çFkk iqjkuh gSA bl dqçFkk ds f[kykQ O;kid lkekftd vfHk;ku pys gSAa bu lcls cky fookg [kRe rks ugha gqvk ysfdu de vo'; gqvk gS] jktLFkku vkSj mÙkj çns'k bl ckr dk çek.k gSAa igyh ckj lu 1926 esa cky fookg jksdus ds fy, vf/kfu;e ikfjr fd;k x;kA ftlesa yM+dksa ds fookg dh mez 18 o"kZ rFkk yM+fd;ksa dh 14 o"kZ j[kh xbZA lu 1979 esa bl vf/kfu;e esa la'kksèku gqvk rFkk fganw fookg vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk&5 ¼3½ ds rgr yM+dh dh U;wure vk;q lhek 18 o"kZ rFkk yM+ds dh 21 o"kZ j[kh xbZA fu;e dh vogsyuk ij ltk dk çko/kku Hkh j[kk x;kA fdarq blds ckotwn Hkkjrh; lekt esa cky fookg tSlh dqjhfr iui jgh gSA eqfLye ilZuy y‚ % L=h dh fLFkfr eqfLye lekt bu fnuksa vkRe eaFku ds nkSj ls xqtj jgk gSA blesa vf/kd fopkj gks jgk gS& eqfLye lekt dh fL=;ksa ds ckjs esAa eqfLye fL=;k¡ bu fnuksa lcls T;knk ftu leL;kvksa ls tw> jgh gSa os gSa ngst rFkk rykdA ngst dh c<+rh ek¡xksa ds dkj.k xjhc ek¡&cki viuh csfV;ksa dks cw<s+ 'ks[kksa ds gkFk csp nsrs gSAa nwljk fcuk dkj.k rykd] ifr dk ifjokj NksM+ dj pys tkuk] xqtkjk HkÙkk ;k fdlh Hkh çdkj dh dksbZ vkfFkZd lgk;rk ugha djukA cgqr ls ,sls Hkh ekeys lkeus vk, gSa ftuesa ifr nwljk fookg djus ds fy, iRuh dks rykd nsdj pyk tkrk gS ;k fQj nwljh iRuh dks ?kj ys vkrk gS ,oa igyh 66@ ladYiuk 66@la

iRuh dks cPpksa ds lkFk ?kj ls fudky nsrk gSA u rks esgj dh jde nsrk gS u gh cPpksa dh ijofj'k dh dksbZ ftEesnkjh mBkrk gSA ;gk¡ eqfLye ilZuy y‚ ds ckjs esa tkuuk mi;ksxh gksxk fd “It says that a husband is expected to provide ‘cooked food’ and ‘stitched cloth’ to his wife. It also explicitely bars men from declaring talaq (divorce) in fit of anger or if he is intoxicated or partially sleep. It disallows divorce over the telephone, mobile texting or through internet.”8

oSls rks eqfLye lekt esa fookg ,d dkaVDªs V gS rFkk yM+dh ,oa mlds ifjokj okyksa dh ethZ ds vuqlkj fudkgukek cuuk pkfg, rkfd lac/a k&foPNsn ds le; mls esgj dh jde okil fey tk, ftlls mldk xqtkjk ;k fQj nwljh 'kknh gks ldsA fdarq tkucw>dj fudkg ds le; esgj dh jde bruh de fy[k nh tkrh gS fd mldk dksbZ egRo ugha gksrk rFkk ;g jde rykd ds ckn Hkh fL=;ksa dks ugha nh tkrhA ^/;ku jgs fd fof/k vk;ksx us fof/k ea=ky; dks ,d fjiksVZ lkSia h gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ,d ls vf/kd fookg djuk bLyke ds ewY;ksa ds foijhr gSA*9 vc ç'u ;g mBrk gS fd eqlyeku dks pkj 'kknh djus dh btktr fdlus ns nhA ^ifo= dqjvku dk vkns'k gS fd vkSjr dks gj gky esa vius enZ ;kuh fd ifr ds gqDeksa dh Qjekcjnkjh djuh pkfg,A ysfdu ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gS fd enZ dks viuh choh dh ckr ekuuh pkfg, ;k fQj mls choh dh f[kner ugha djuh pkfg,( D;k ,slk djuk enksZa dh enkZuxh ds f[kykQ gS\*10 çk;% ;g dgk tkrk gS fd bLyke us vkSjrksa dks cjkcjh dk ntkZ ns j[kk gS& ^ek¡] cgu] choh vkSj csVh vFkkZr bldk gj fj'rk xfjekiw.kZ vkSj lEekuuh; gSA bldks cki] ifr vkSj csVksa dh tk;nkn esa Hkkxhnkj cuk;k x;k gS vkSj ?kj esa og ifr dh çfrfufèk vkSj dk;Zokfgdk gSA*11 ^tks yksx cgjgky bLyke dk gokyk nsdj pkj 'kknh dh odkyr djrs gSa mUgsa tjk iSxca j dh ftanxh ds gj igyw ij xkSj djuk pkfg,A ;g ckr lcdks ekywe gksxh fd tc iSxca j us igyh 'kknh dh rks og egt 21 lky ds FksA mUgksua s igyh 'kknh ml fo/kok ls dh Fkh ftldh mez rdjhcu 40 ds vklikl FkhA*12 tks yksx bLyke dh nqgkbZ nsdj enksZa ds fy, pkj 'kknh dk gokyk nsrs gS]a D;k muesa dksbZ ,slh fgEer fn[kk ldrk gS tSlh iSxca j eqgEen lkgc us fn[kkbZ\ blesa langs ugha fd ekuokf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dh ladYiuk Hkkjr esa dkQh iqjkuh gSA Hkkjrh; èkeZ xzFa kksa esa ekuokf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dh ladYiuk vfgalk] lfg".kqrk] {kek] laons uk] nku] loZèkeZleHkko] /kkfeZd Lora=rk vkfn ewY;ksa ds :i esa çdV gqbZ gSA bu ewY;ksa esa ekuokfèkdkjksa dk ftruk o`gr çfriknu Hkkjrh; fparu esa gqvk mruk vU;= dgha ughaA Hkkjr dh ,sfrgkfld ijaijk bu ekuokf/kdkjksa ls vksr&çksr gSA fL=;ksa dks vewY; ekuo fuf/k ekudj Hkkjr ljdkj us muds dY;k.k] fodkl vkSj l'kähdj.k ds fy, Bksl dne mBk, gSAa ^l'kä ukjh l'kä lekt* dh vo/kkj.kk dks iq"V djrs gq, ns'k esa ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh lHkh Lrjksa ij efgykvksa dks l'kä cukus dh fn'kk esa igy 'kq: gqbAZ L=h dh fNih fof'k"Vrkvksa ;k {kerkvksa dks fodflr djuk L=h l'kähdj.k dk y{; gSA L=h l'kähdj.k efgykvksa esa vkrafjd 'kfä dk fodkl djrs gq, muesa vkRefo'okl txkuk rFkk mudh {kerkvksa vkSj foy{k.krkvksa dk çdk'ku dj mUgsa lekt ds fodkl 67@ ladYiuk 67@la

ls tksMu+ k pkgrk gSA Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; fu;kstu esa L=h l'kähdj.k dk lS)kafrd rkSj ij /;ku j[kk x;kA ukSoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa efgyk l'kähdj.k dk eqík çeq[k jgk ,oa 2001 dks ^L=h l'kähdj.k o"kZ* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx] dsæa h; lekt dY;k.k cksM]Z jk"Vªh; tu lg;ksx ,oa cky fodkl laLFkku rFkk jk"Vªh; efgyk dks'k ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa ds lexz fodkl vkSj l'kähdj.k ds fy, cgqvk;keh uhfr;k¡ ykxw dh xbZAa lekt esa yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk c<+rs HksnHkko] vU;k; vkSj 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ O;kid vfHk;ku NsMu+ s dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA ;kSu mRihM+u vkSj eknk&Hkz.w k gR;k tSls t?kU; vR;kpkjksa ds fo#) çpkj ,oa tkx:drk vfHk;ku çkjaHk fd;k x;kA fu/kZu efgykvksa dks vkRefuHkZj cukus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA Qyr% Hkkjrh; fL=;ksa esa viuh laHkkoukvksa dh igpku fodflr gqbAZ ^Indian women are fast recognising that they have a range of talent, skill, energy and passion that is unique and can be harnessed by companies for better business preferring to hire more women on top and boards to bring greater ‘rationalisation’ to the orgnisation and better reflect the market place where majority of key buyers, investors and customers are now women.*13

vfHkçk; ;g gS fd foxr lkS lky dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; L=h ds lkekftd ifjos'k esa vkewypwy ifjorZu gqvk gS ,oa dqN Lokoyach vkSj vkRefuHkZj L=h Nfo mHkjdj lkeus vkbZ gSA vxj L=h dks l'kä cuk;k tk, rks og u dsoy ifjokj dks cfYd lekt dks Hkh l'kä cuk ldrh gS rFkk bl çdkj gtkjksa yk[kksa yksxksa dk thou cny ldrk gSA fueZyk iqry q dh dfork dk bl lanHkZ esa mYys[k djuk lehphu gksxk& ^mBks fd vaèkdkj ds f[kykQ mBks@mBks vius ihNs py jgs lkft'kksa ds f[kykQ@mBks fd rqe tgk¡ gks ogk¡ ls mBks]@tSls rwQku esa coaMj mBrk gS]@mBrh gS jk[k esa nch fpuxkjhA* la n HkZ 1- fleksu n cksmvkj] vuqokn( çHkk [ksrku % L=h misf{krk] i`- 318 2- ekuokf/kdkj] varjjk"Vªh; çi=ksa dk ladyu % jk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk çdkf'kr] i`- 3 3- txthr flag] ekuokf/kdkj % ok;ns vkSj gdhdr( i`- 9 4- M‚- çehyk ds-ih-] vkSjr dh vfHkO;fä ,oa vkneh dk vf/kdkj] i`-119( 120( 121 5- dqeqn 'kekZ] vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp] i`- 112 6- ogh] i`- 120 7- ogh] i`-118 8- Dowry act to follow muslim law; Deccan Chronicle, 20 Feb. 2011 9- voyksdu-Cy‚xLi‚V-d‚e % bLyke vkSj pkj 'kknh % vuo#y gd 10- ogh 11- M‚- deyk lqjS;k] islamdharm.org 12- voyksdu-Cy‚xLi‚V-d‚e % bLyke vkSj pkj 'kknh % vuo#y gd 13- Fair show by the Fairer sex; Yasmin Taj; The Times of India, pg-1; 8 March 2010

68@ ladYiuk 68@la

eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa esa L=h la?k"kZ & vatq ikaM; s eS=;s h iq"ik ds iz[kj O;fDrRo dh >yd le;≤ ij vyx&vyx lanHkksZa esa L=h&foe”kZ ij[k ys[kksa o fVIif.k;ksa ds tfj, c[kwch fey tkrh gSA eS=;s h iq"ik fganh lkfgR; txr dk ,d ifjfpr uke gSA mUgksua s vius miU;klksa esa L=h&thou dh folaxfr;ksa ,oa foMacukvksa dh varjax lPpkb;ksa dk csckd [kqyk fp=.k] rdksZa dh dlkSVh ij ftl rjg fd;k gS] mlls ikBd vfHkHkwr gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA muds vuqHkoksa us mudh {kerk dks ,d rh[kh o iSuh n`f"V iznku dh gSA ;gh otg gS fd ys[ku ds {ks= esa vki dh vyx igpku gSA okn&fooknksa ds dB?kjs esa L=h iz'uksa ls tw>rh eS=;s h iq’ik us viuh ys[kuh dks ek/;e cuk;kA vius miU;klksa esa yksd pfj= ds ek/;e ls L=h&thou dh Nfo;ksa dks cM+s gh ekfeZd <ax ls mHkkjk gSA ^csrok cgrh jgs*] ^bnUuee*] ^pkd*] ^>wykuV*] ^fotu*] ^vYek dcwrjh* vkSj ^vfxuik[kh* esa fL=;ksa ds thou ds fofoèk :i dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA eS=;s h iq"ik ds miU;klksa dh fL=;k¡ fdl rjg fxj&fxj dj vius thou dks vkxs c<+krh gSa ;g lk/kkj.k euq"; ds cldh ckr ugha gSA bnUuee dh eankfduh vius dks cM+h eqf”dy ls laHkkydj vkxs c<+hA ^^eankfduh mlh xk¡o esa tk jgh gS] tgk¡ mlds fy, 'kks[k ujd rS;kj gSA**1 L=h dks fdl rjg vius thou esa le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gS] yksxksa dk mykguk vkSj rkuk lquuk iM+rk gS ;g Hkh fL=;ksa ds /kS;Z dh lhek dh gh ,d dM+h gSA eankfduh dh lkl mldh eklwe csVh ls dgrh gS&^^rksjh egrkjh us vius eLrkusiu esa dqN u fopkjkA tc viuh tokuh ugha laHkky ik jgh Fkh rks dkgs dks lrh lkfo=h cuhA**2 lkr lky ckn Hkh eankfduh dks mldh csVh ls ugha feyus fn;k tkrk gSA fQj Hkh bl O;oLFkk ds ,d 'khy L=h ds lHkh xq.k mlds vanj >ydrk gSA Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjr esa Hkh iq#"k iz/kku lekt viuh lkearh izFkk ls futkr ugha ik ldk ftldk izek.k ^pkd* esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ^^ftl fnu C;kg dj vkbZ Fkh] jathr flag dk lhuk pkSMk+ gks x;kA fon~oku cgw gj ckr dh Å¡p&uhp laHkky lq/kkj tkurh gSA**3 gj L=h ij rkjhQ dk u'kk lokj gksrk gSA lkjax Hkh bl rkjhQ dk [kwc etk ysrh gSA tc dksbZ vkSjr vkn”kksZa ,oa ijaijkvksa dks ugha ekurh gS rc mls lt+k nh tkrh gSA L=h bl lekt esa dsoy HkksX;k gSA vxj og vius eu dh djrh gS rc mls yksgk xje djds nkx fn;k tkrk gSA ^pkd* miU;kl dh ukf;dk ^^ikapUuk choh ¼ftank½ i'kq dh rjg nkx nh xbZA**4 ^pkd* miU;kl dh ukf;dk cM+h cgw dgrh gS fd tkV tkfr dks viuh bTtr I;kjh gksrh gS blds fy, og dqN Hkh dj ldrk gSA ^^lkjax] tkVksa dks vxj irk yxrk gS fd mudh cgw] csVh ds lkFk dkSu Fkk rks os ml enZ dh xnZu mM+k nsrs gSAa **5 iq#"k dsoy L=h ij gh dgj Mkyuk tkurk gSA eS=;s h th ds ^vYek dcwrjh* esa fpf=r 69@ ladYiuk 69@la

dcwrj tkfr ,d ,slh tkfr gS tks lekt esa fcYdqy vyx&vyx gSA lekt esa vxj dksbZ tkfr buls lac/a k j[krh gS rks og cfg"—r dj nh tkrh gSA dcwrjk budh cLrh esa vkus ls mldh bTtr nks dkSMh+ dh gks tkrh gSA eS=;s h iq"ik dk dguk gS fd ^^gkyr ;g gks xbZ fd xyh dk dqÙkk Hkh mlds lkeus enZokyk gSA**6 dcwrjk yksx mPp tkfr ls ckr djuk rks nwj os isM& + ikS/ks Hkh ugha Nwrs gSAa Hkkjr o"kZ dh lekt lajpuk fofHkUu oxksZa esa foHkDr gSA foosP; dFkkdkj eS=;s h iq"ik us vius miU;klksa esa fofHkUu ukjh oxZ dk ltho o.kZu fd;k gSA ^^csrok cgrh jgh** miU;kl dh ukf;dk fuEue/; oxZ dh gS tks vHkkoksa esa thou O;rhr djus ds fy, ck/; gSA bldh ukf;dk dgrh gS fd ^^gekjk lkekftd vfLrRo gh gekjh lkekftd psruk dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gSA**7 odhy ls C;kg djds Hkh mls dHkh lq[k ugha feyrk gSA blh rjg 'khyks ^>wykuV* dh ize[q k ik= gS ftldh Ng vaxfq y;k¡ gS(a tks ik¡p lky NksVk nsoj dh 'kS;k lafxuh rks curh gh gS] vkSj nwljs fookg ls badkj dj nsrh gSA ^^”khyks ds pfj= ds bl fgLls dks dsna z esa j[kdj ns[krs rks miU;kl ,d L=h ikB dh rjg yxsxkA**8 eS=;s h th dh ukf;dk viuk vyx&vyx Nfo fn[kkrh gSA ^vfxuik[kh* miU;kl dh ukf;dk fookfgr gksdj Hkh oSokfgd lq[k ls oafpr jgrh gSA ^^vEek esjh nqfu;k vyx gSA eSa fnu esa dSls Hkh jg yw¡ ijarq jkrsa dkVus dks nkSMr+ h gSA**9 bl rjg Hkqoueksfguh viuk nq%[k viuh ek¡ dks crkrh gS fd fdl nq%[kksa ls gksdj og thou fcrk jgh gSA eS=;s h iq’ik us ukjh thou dh lai.w kZ dFkk vkSj O;Fkk dks ,d u, lk¡ps esa fijks;k gSA Mkusgk tks ^fotu* miU;kl dh ukf;dk gS pkjksa rjQ ls ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls f?kjh gqbZ gSA mldk fgr u pkgus okyh vkHkk dk Hkh og [kqydj fojks/k ugha dj ikrhA og dgrh gS& ^^eSa rks vHkkoksa dh ekjh gw¡ ft/kj ns[kks jkr dk va/ksjk gSA**10 ,d izfrHkk'kkyh ltZu gksdj Hkh usgk 'kknh ds ckn fiatjs esa can i{kh dh rjg NViVkrh gSA Mk- usgk dks gj oDr ;gh yxrk gS fd vc mldh vktknh mlls nwj rks xbZA og dsoy ,d 'kks ihl gSA og eglwl djrh gS& ^^MkWDVj gksus ds ukrs eSa ,d 'kks ihl cudj jg xbZ gw¡] eSa ,d ,slh esMy gw¡ ftls yksx ns[k ldrs ij Nw ugha ldrs gSAa **11 Mk- usgk vareq[Z kh O;fDrRo ds gksus ds dkj.k vkRefo”okl dh deh gksus ds dkj.k viuh bPNkvksa dks [kqydj dHkh Hkh ifr vkSj llqj ds lkeus ugha j[kk ikrh gSA ijarq og nwljh vkSjrksa ls dgrh gS fd ^^vaèksjs ls Mjks ugha MV dj mldk lkeuk djksA**12 dHkh Hkh viuh bPNk dk guu ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksfa d vxj gekjh bPNk nc tkrh gS rks cgqr nq%[k gksrk gSA eS=;s h iq"ik vius miU;klksa esa 'kgjh ifjos'k dks xzkeh.k ifjos'k ls tksMd + j lk/kkj.k L=h ds lkFk mls tulkèkkj.k rd igq¡pkus dk iz;kl tks fd;k gS og okLro esa ljkguh; gSA L=h foe'kZ ds rgr fir`lÙkkRed ewY;ks]a nksgjs uSfre ekunaMks]a fyax Hksn dh dqfRlr jktuhfr o lkekftd ekU;rkvksa dks >d>ksj dj j[k fn;k gSA lfn;ksa ls ccZj ,oa L=h fojks/kh O;oLFkk us L=h dks dne&dne ij jkSna us dh dksf'k'k dh gS] mlds O;fDrRo ,oa vfLrRo dks udkjk gS( mls pqukSrh nsrh gqbZ eS=;s h iq’ik dh L=h lnSo Lora=rk dh ek¡x djrh gSA 70@ ladYiuk 70@la

la n HkZ 1- eS=s;h iq"ik] bnUuee] i`- 397 2- eS=s;h iq"ik] bnUuee] i`- 268 3- eS=s;h iq"ik] pkd] i`- 225 4- eS=s;h iq"ik] pkd] i`- 70 5- eS=s;h iq"ik] pkd] i`- 10 6- eS=s;h iq"ik] pkd] i`- 88 7- eS=s;h iq"ik] csrok cgrh jgh] i`- 117 8- eS=s;h iq"ik] >wykuV] i`- 92 9- eS=s;h iq"ik] vfxuik[kh] i`- 74 10- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 38 11- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 48 12- eS=s;h iq"ik] fotu] i`- 226

71@ ladYiuk 71@la

—".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h la?k"kZ & xkSfl;k —".kk vfXugks=h ds miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h l'kDrhdj.k ds vfrfjDr L=h ds vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k dh vfHkO;fDr ds fofo/k izdkj ds mnkgj.k feyrs gSAa tc L=h vius ij gks jgs vR;kpkj vFkok HksnHkko ds dkj.kksa ij fopkj djrh gS rks lgu'khyrk dk vkoj.k mrkj djog vius vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k dh vfHkO;fDr djrh gSA ysf[kdk us n'kkZ;k gS fd duq dks gk;j lsdM a jh esa vaxt sz h dk miU;kl ^fiztuj vkWQ tsM a k* i<+uk iM+k FkkA yxkrkj nks o"kZ rd yM+ds mls fizl a l s Qysfo;k dgrsA duq dk eu tc cgqr ?kcjkus yxrk rks og /khjs ls dbZ i= Hkxoku ds uke fy[k nsrh vkSj pqids ls fdlh isM+ ds uhps mUgsa i<+dj jksr& s jksrs QkM+ MkyrhA bl izdkj og cpiu ls gh vkRexksiu dh izof` Ùk ls xzLr jghA ijarq tc latw us ml ij gkFk mBk;k rks bl ?kjsyw fgalk ds fo#) mlus viuh izfrfØ;k vkSj vlarks"k dks izdV djuk vko';d le>kA duq us igyh ckj dqN rudj iwNk] ^^vki tks pkgsa djrs gS]a rc eq> ij bl rjg gkFk mBkus dk D;k vFkZ gS\a ;fn vki eq>s lkFk ugha j[kuk pkgrs rks lkQ dfg,] lcds lkeus esjs lkFk tkuojksa dk lk O;ogkj D;ksa djrs gS\a **1 duq ds bl dFku ls vk/kqfud L=h dh tkx:drk] vkRelEeku] ?kjsyw fgalk dk fojks/k] Li"V n`f"Vdks.k vkSj n`<r+ k dk irk pyrk gSA ysf[kdk us ,d LFkku ij n”kkZ;k gS fd f'kdkj esa ,d e`xh us Hkkxrs le; viuk cPpk ogha NksM+ fn;k] lat; mls ?kj mBk yk;k ijarq og vf/kd fnu th ugha ldkA mldh vk¡[ksa ,slh gh FkhaA cPps dks lhus ls yxkdj duq lnk lksprh jgh fd dgha mlls Hkh rks mldk cPpk blh rjg ugha fNu tk,xkA lkrosa fnu gh cPps dks fueksfu;k gks x;k vkSj jksrh&flldrh viuh ek¡ dh xksn esa mlus vkf[kjh lk¡l NksM+ nhA lekt esa tkfr&Hksn ds dkj.k n'kZu dk fookg ugha gks ik;kA ckjkr tkrs le; rd n'kZu [kq'k fn[khA blds ckn og rqjra LVs'ku tkus ds fy, rS;kj gqbAZ cgqr jksb]Z bruk fd mls le>kus tSlh fLFkfr gh ugha Fkh] dsoy duq mlds flj ij gkFk j[ks jghA ^^ejuk rks eq>s gS gh] rc blh rjg vius lkFk ujd gh esa ej tkus nsrAs HkkHkh] eq>ls iwNs fcuk gh mUgksua s fookg ds fy, gk¡ D;ksa dj nh\**2 n'kZu lanhi dks {kek djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha FkhA ^^HkkHkh] ;gk¡ tks Hkh Hkyk&cqjk chrrk gS mldk lekpkj nsuk esjk drZO; gSA rqEgsa lqudj vk”p;Z vkSj nq%[k gksxk fd lanhi HkS;k dh e`R;q ^gkVZ vVSd* ls gks xbZ vc rqEgkjs nks esa ls ,d nsoj gh 'ks"k jgkA cgqr euk djus ij mUgksua s ihuk ugha NksMk+ A**3 ,dne duq fc[kj iM+h FkhA ogha r[r ij vkS/a kh gksdj jksrh jghA 'kkyw duq dks dldj idM+h FkhA ^^os ugha ej ldrs] eq>s NksMd + j Lo;a ugha tk,¡xAs rqe MkWDVj dks cqykvks duq] ns[kks os fdl rjg HkkSa fldksMs+ gSAa mUgsa esjh fpark gS-- ugha] os ugha tk ldrsA**4 duq dh

72@ ladYiuk 72@la

fgpfd;k¡ ca/k xbZ FkhaA mldh jks&jksdj vk¡[ksa lwt xbZ FkhaA fxjh'k ejdj bl rjg njokts ij iM+k gksxk vkSj ftl 'kkyw dks duq us mlds lkFk Hkyk&cqjk ns[kk mlus lkspk FkkA duq dh ek¡ fuf'pr gh cgqr nq%[kh jghaA duq ds ikl vk tkrha vkSj nsj rd mek ds fo"k; esa gh ckrsa djrh jgrhaA firk brus cM+s lnes ds ckn Hkh muds ikl cSBrs ugha] bldk Hkh mUgsa cgqr nq%[k FkkA duq dks irk pyk fd mlds firk th dh rch;r [kjkc gS rc ogha Hkkxh pyhA firk dk 'kkar eqLdqjkrk gqvk psgjk] gksBa g¡lrs gq,A lq[k nq%[kksa dh rjg yacs D;ksa ugha gks ldrs\ ek¡ dk Vhdk Hkh iq¡N x;kA os cgqr vèkhj vkSj vLr&O;Lr gks xbZA csVh vkSj ifr dks [kksdj ftanxh ftl izdkj Hkkjrh; lekt dh ek¡ dkV ldrh gS os dkVus yxhaA csVs dk bZ'oj ekudj mlds ifjokj dh vkjk/kuk djuk gh mudk /;s; gks x;kA mudh bPNkuqlkj gh duq us vius Hkkx dh iSrd ` lkjh tk;nkn gj”kw ds uke fy[k nh D;ksfa d og ek¡ dks Bhd rjg ls ns[k ldsA dHkh duq dks yxrk Fkk fd ogha tkdj ftanxh lekIr dj ns] ijarq lhus ls /kM+drh uUgha uhfyekA mls dkSu nks le; dk Hkkstu nsxk\ y[kuÅ ds okrkoj.k esa ru rks <ad tk,xk ijarq og D;k cu tk,xh\ duq dk;j Fkh ;k cqtfny] ij ejh ughaA ,d ubZ duq vk xbZ] tks LokfHkekuh FkhA vc og fdlh vU;k; ds izfr flj ugha >qdk,xhA ft,xh] mu lcds lkeus ft,xh ftUgksua s mlls vkSj ftanxh Nhudj mls vukFk cuk fn;k gSA duq bl rjg viuh ftanxh ds izfr nq%[k dk vuqHko izdV dj jgh gSA ijarq og ftanxh ls gkjuk ugha pkgrh gSA ek¡ us ek;dk NksM+ fn;k] mlds ckn ugha ykSVhaA ,dne ckS[kykbZ] fpM+fpM+h vkSj :[kh gks xbZA ysfdu duq dks le> ugha iM+k fd ;s ogha ek¡ rks gS tks viuh csVh ds d"V dks mruk Hkh ugha uki ldha ftruk vko';d FkkA mUgsa rks vkSj vfèkd ek¡ ds csVh ds izfr drZO; dk vglkl gksuk FkkA duq vkfQl ls ykSVhA lqyHkk dks NksVh yM+dh lquhrk gks pqdh Fkh vkSj bl ckj lqyHkk dks vf/kd rst ekufld nkSjk iM+kA yM+dh ns[krs gh cM+cM+kus yxhA jkr&jkr jksrh ml cPph dk xyk nckdj Lo;a gh bl nqfu;k ls gV tkus dh ckr mlds fnekx ij gkoh gks tkrhA tks ml ij chrh gS] og cPpksa ij ugha chruh pkfg,A blh fu.kZ; us mls vkRegR;k ls jksd fy;kA duq dks ukSdjh ugha feyhA og ijs'kku FkhA rc duq ?kj esa izo”s k djrs gh uhyw lkeus [kM+h gks xbZ( duq us ckr Vky nhA uhyw us ek¡ dh vk¡[ksa ns[kdj lc le>k] ^^ikik dks dqN #i, Hkstus dks fy[kw¡ D;k\**5 uhyw us iwNkA duq tkurh gS fd latho #i, rks Hkst nsxk] ijarq cjkcj fy[ksxk fd mu nksuksa dks ogk¡ ykSV vkuk pkfg,A lHkh fL=;ksa ds eu esa ,sls gh fopkj vk,¡x]s vius ifr ds lkFk fdlh Hkh ijkbZ L=h dks iRuh Lohdkj ugha dj ldrhA Lej.kh; gS fd lfn;ksa ls iq#"klÙkkRed lekt us L=h dks laLdkjksa ds uke ij ck¡/k dj j[kk gSA os dSn gks pqdh Fkh bu ijaijkxr laLdkjksa esa ;g lkspdj fd ;g ca/ku mldh

73@ ladYiuk 73@la

lqj{kk ds fy, gSA tc mldk eksgHkax gqvk rks mls ;g vglkl gqvk fd lkekftd caèkuksa us mls canh cuk fy;k gSA mlds vfLrRo dks mlls nwj dj fn;k gS rks og lpsr gks xbZA bu lkekftd :f<+;ksa ds izfr fonzkgs dj mBhA lekt esa L=h ds lkFk vkfFkZd] 'kkjhfjd] HkkoukRed vkfn dbZ izdkj ls 'kks"k.k gksrk jgk gSA tc L=h dks viuh vkfFkZd] ckSf)d vkSj ekufld rkdr dk vanktk gqvk og gj {ks= esa iq#"k ds cjkcj ds vf/kdkjksa dh ek¡x djus yxh vkSj mlus mUgsa ik Hkh fy;kA lfn;ksa dh cafnuh vc [kqyh gok esa lk¡l ysus yxh gSA mldh gj izdkj dh mM+ku us mls lekt es]a ifjokj esa ,d vge LFkku fnyk fn;k gSA og lkekftd :f<+;ksa dk fojks/k djus yxhA og fookg dks viuh vktknh ds fy, #dkoV le>us yxhA iq#"k eaxylw= dh nqgkbZ nsdj mls lfn;ksa rd dSn djds j[kkA vr% vkt og fookg dk fojks/k dj jgh gS vkSj viuh bPNk ls lgthou dks vR;f/kd ekU;rk ns jgh gSA bl miU;kl esa :f<+;ksa dk fojks/k dj lHkh L=h dks crk;k x;k gSA duq dh lkl latw ls dgrh gS&^^csVs rsjs esa D;k deh gS\ bruk cM+k vQlj gSA lanq j! rsjh cgw rks iSjksa dh /kwy gh yxrh gSA bls esjs lkFk y[kuÅ NksM+ ns] esjh lsok djsxh vkSj dqN lh[k Hkh tk,xhA duq esa Hkkjh ifjorZu gqvkA mls lat; ds 'kjhj ls fp<+ gks xbZA mlus okbu ih] ijarq gks'k jgus rd og lat; ls ?k`.kk djrh jgrhA fiVrh] ij iyax rd u tkrhA 'kkyw us Hkh isfa Vax Dykl Tokbu dj yh vkSj os nksuksa eLr gksdj /khjs ls ?kj ykSVrh Qyoj&'kks dh [kq'kcw dh rjg mudh ckrsa egdrh jgrhaA egs’k dks ogha 'kkyw us ns[kk vkSj /khjs ls cksyh] rq>s ilan djrk gSA rqe i<+kbZ tkjh j[kks] rkfd ge dqN lksprs jgsA**6 tc ftanxh {kf.kd gS rks {k.kksa dks bl rjg D;ksa fcrkuk fd mudh Le`fr rd 'kjhj esa 'kksyksa dh rjg tyrh jgs vkSj vanj 'ks"k jgs ,slh jk[k tks u Hkhrj dqN iSnk djs u ckgjA duq us Hkh fp<+dj mÙkj ns fn;k FkkA ^^rc Hkh dqN rks thou dk mn~n's ; gksrk gh gSA vkf[kj fdlh ,d O;fDr ds fy, gh rks balku ugha thrkA**7 dgus dk vFkZ ;gh gS fd tc fookg lq[kh u gks rks ikVZuj cny ysus esa D;k cqjk gSA dksbZ gkfu ugha] vkidk vFkZ ikVZuj cnyus ls ;fn O;fHkpkj ughaA fookg laLFkk cPpksa ds fy,] lekt esa ,d x`gLFkh pykus ds fy, jgrh gSA mldk viuk LFkku gSA ysfdu vius vfLrRo dks rks ugha rksMu+ k pkfg,A ^^esjh le> ls rks ifr&iRuh dk tc rd lkFk gS ,dfu"B jguk vfuok;Z gS --- /keZ drZO;] ekU;rk vkfn os ugha fuHkk ldrs rks mUgsa b/kj&m/kj HkVdus dh txg iqu% ;ksX; lkFkh <w<¡ d + j nwljk fookg dj ysuk pkfg,A**8 nknh dks yM+fd;k¡ ilan ugha] dHkh&u&dHkh os uhfyek ds lkeus nqgjk nsrha] ^^cgw yM+dk gksrk rks rqEgkjh bTtr gh dqN vkSj gksrh ;g rqEgkjk D;k lkFk ns ldsxh\**9 uhfyek ds lkFk gh Mksjh esa ca/kh duq dh eerk vc lkjh ukjh tkfr ds izfr Fkh vkSj og gj txg bldk fojks/k djrh fd ifjokj esa yM+ds ls de eku feysA mlus lkl ls lkQ dg fn;k] vki uhfyek ds lkeus ,slh ckrsa er fd;k djs]a esjs fy, ogh yM+dk gSA duq ds vfHkizk; esa yM+dk vkSj yM+dh leku gSA mUgsa leku vf/kdkj feyuk pkfg,A bl vf/kdkj ds fy, L=h dks yM+uk pkfg,A bl 74@ ladYiuk 74@la

izdkj Li’V gS fd —‘.kk vfXugks=h us miU;kl ^ckr ,d vkSjr dh* esa L=h ds vlarks’k vkSj la?k’kZ ds fp=.k }kjk L=h foe”kZ dh izHkkoh vfHkO;fDr dh gSA la n HkZ 123456789-

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75@ ladYiuk 75@la

ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa fL=;ksa dk thou & uhyksQj çkphu dky ls vkt rd ukjh iq#"kksa ds vk/kkj ij viuk thou thrh vkbZ gSA ukjh cpiu ls ysdj cq<k+ is rd iq#"k lekt ds gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cuh gSA cpiu esa ekrk&firk] ;qokoLFkk esa ifr] cq<k+ is esa yM+dk bUgha ds lgkjs ukjh dks viuk thou thuk iM+rk gSA ewyr% ukjh dksey] lgu'khy] d#.kke;h gksrh gSA blfy, pkgrs gq, Hkh iq#"k ç/kku laL—fr dks udkjrh ughaA vHkh rd ukjh us lcdqN lgk gS] lg jgh gSA ysf[kdk ukfljk 'kekZ dk tUe ,d laiUu f'k;k eqfLye ifjokj esa 22 vxLr] 1948 dks bykgkckn esa gqvkA firk mnwZ ds çksQl s j Fks vkSj çxfr'khy fopkjksa ds dfoA fu'p; gh ukfljk 'kekZ dks vfHkO;fä dh fojklr firk dh vksj ls /kjksgj ds :i esa çkIr gqbZ gSA ukfljk 'kekZ ?kj esa lc ls NksVh Fkh] bl dkj.k mudk cpiu cgqr ykM+&nqykj esa chrkA firk çksQl s j tehj vyh vkSj ek¡ uktuhu csxe us mudh ijofj'k cgqr vPNh rjg dh FkhA ijarq firk dk muds cpiu esa gh LoxZokl gks x;kA ukfljk 'kekZ dh vkjafHkd f'k{kk ?kj ij gh gqbAZ os viuh ek¡ dks gh viuk igyk xq# ekurh gSA mudh ek/;fed Lrjdh f'k{kk bykgkckn ds dkUosVa esa gqbZ rFkk Lukrd Lrj dh f'k{kk bykgkckn fo'ofon~;ky; ls iwjh dhA rnqijkar tokgjyky usg# fo'ofon~;ky;] fnYyh ls Qkjlh Hkk"kk&lkfgR; esa ,e-,- dh mikf/k çkIr dhA viuh f'k{kk iwjh dj ukfljk 'kekZ us fnYyh esa tkfe;k fefy;k fo'ofon~;ky; esa Qkjlh Hkk"kk o mnwZ dk vè;;u dk;Z lQyrk ls laiUu fd;kA ukfljk 'kekZ dk oSokfgd thou vR;ar lQy jgk gSA vkidk LoHkko la;eh] ljy vkSj lknxh ls Hkjk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa ftu efgyk dgkuhdkjksa us fganh dFkklkfgR; esa viuh igpku cukbZ gS] muesa ukfljk 'kekZ dk uke vxz.kh gSA ewyr% dgkuh ds ek/;e ls ukfljk 'kekZ dk lkfgR; txr esa ços'k gqvk gSA vkius viuh dgkfu;ksa esa fofo/k leL;kvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gSA vkids vc rd ukS dgkuh laxgz çdkf'kr gq, gS]a tks bl çdkj gS& a ¼1½ iRFkj xyh ¼1986½] ¼2½ bCusefj;e ¼1994½] ¼3½ 'kkeh dkxt ¼1997½] ¼4½ lchuk ds pkyhl pksj ¼1997½] ¼5½ [kqnk dh okilh ¼1999½] ¼6½ balkuh uLy ¼2000½] ¼7½ nwljk rktegy ¼2002½] ¼8½ laxlkj] rFkk ¼9½ xwx a k vklekuA bu lHkh dgkuh laxgz ksa esa dgkfu;ksa dh viuh vyx fo'ks"krk gSA ukfljk 'kekZ us L=h thou dh lkfgfR;d vfHkO;fDr dks le`) cukus esa Hkjiwj ;ksxnku fn;k gSA viuh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh og bl vk/kh nqfu;k dks mlds euq"; gksus dk ntkZ fnykus dh yM+kbZ yM+rh gSA viuh dye dh /kkj ls og vlaHko ls vlaHko fLFkfr dks Hkh laHko cukrh gS rFkk yM+us dh çsj.kk nsrh gS] lkFk gh euksHkkoksa ,oa tíkstgn dks

76@ ladYiuk 76@la

f'kír ls dkxt ij mrkjrh gSA çkphudky ls gh ukjh dks Hkys gh J)k dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gks ijarq çR;sd O;fä lekU;r% vius ?kj iq=&tUe dh gh dkeuk djrk gS] u fd dU;k&tUe dhA ukfljk 'kekZ dh ^pkj cgusa 'kh'kegy dh* dgkuh blh ço`fÙk dks nwljs igyw dks mtkxj djrh gSA vf/kdrj ifjokjksa esa yM+dh dh vis{kk yM+ds dks vf/kd egRo dh –f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA tSl& s Þ'kqØ rkjs ds Mwcrs gh cPps ds jksus dh vkokt ds lkFk c/kkbZ dh >M+h yx xbZA exj ;g ns[kdj g¡lrh] brjkrh djheu dks lk¡i lw?a k x;k fd nkbZ ds gkFkksa esa yM+ds dh txg uax&/kM+x a yM+dh FkhA djheu dk psgjk ns[k lksgj xkrh vkSjrsa fBBd xbZAa uotkr dk jksuk can gksrs gh djheu dh #dh #ykbZ QwV iM+hAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ&[kqnk dh okilh ¼pkj cgusa 'kh'kegy dh½] i`&419½A djheu tks Lo;a ,d L=h gksdj Hkh vius ?kj iksrh ¼yM+dh½ gksus ij nq[kh gksrh gSA og pkgrh gS fd mlds ?kj yM+dk gks] fdarq tc mls irk pyrk gS fd yM+dh gqbZ gS rks og vius nq[k dks Nqik ugha ikrh vkSj lcds lkeus jks iM+rh gSA mldk ekuuk Fkk fd yM+dk oa'k dks vkxs c<+rk gS] yM+fd;k¡ rks ijkbZ gksrh gSa vkSj mu ij cgqr iSlk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ekè;e ls ;g crkuk pkgk fd lekt esa dqN ,sls Hkh yksx gSa tks Lo;a L=h gks dj Hkh L=h ds egRo dks le> ugha ikrsA lekt esa dbZ ifjokj ,sls gSa fd xjhch ds dkj.k vuesy fookg djrs gSAa viuh yM+fd;ksa dk fookg NksVh vk;q esa gh muls cM+s vk;q ds yM+dksa ls dj nsrs gS]a tks igys ls gh fookfgr gksrs gSAa vkxs pydj bldk ifj.kke cgqr nnZukd gksrk gSA tc og yM+fd;k¡ l;kuh gksrh gSa rc rd muds ifr cw<s+ gks pqds gksrs gSa ;k fQj mudh e`R;q gks pqdh gksrh gSA ukfljk 'kekZ us ^rkcwr* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s Þ[kkyk ch Hkjh tokuh esa foèkok gqbZ FkhA tc okLro esa muds yky tksMk+ iguus ds fnu Fks] mudh pwfM+;k¡ VwV pqdha Fkha vkSj mUgksua s lQsn diM+s igu fy, FksA muds fe;k¡ muls yxHkx rhl o"kZ cM+s FksA mudk iwjk gje FkkA lkSrksa dh QkSt dh QkSt mUgsa gjkus ds fy, mudk bartkj dj jgh Fkha vkSj 'kkSgj mUgsa [kwclwjr f[kykSuk le>dj [ksyrs FksA fQj ,d fnu ctk, f[kykSus ds Lo;a VwV x,Aß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] iRFkj xyh ¼rkcwr½] i`- 250½A [kkyk ch dk fookg mu ds cpiu esa gh dj fn;k x;k FkkA ftl yM+ds ls mudk fookg gqvk Fkk og mu ls vk;q esa rhl o"kZ cM+k Fkk] vkSj igys ls fookfgr Hkh FkkA tc [kkyk ch l;kuh gqbZ vkSj ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k dks le>us yxh rc rd og fo/kok gks pqdh FkhA mu dh ltus laojus dh bPNk /kjh ds /kjh jg xbZA og fcYdqy vdsyh iM+ xbZA mudh dksbZ larku Hkh ugha Fkh vkSj tks ekrk Fkh og Hkh py clhA muds ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn mudh lkSras mUgsa lrkus yxhaA mudk ekufld 'kks"k.k djus yxhaA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls crk;k gS fd vuesy fookg ukjh ds thou dks nq[kksa ls Hkj nsrk gSA mu ds thou dh lkjh [kqf'k;ksa dks u"V dj nsrk gSA

77@ ladYiuk 77@la

xjhc ifjokjksa esa fookg cgqr d"Vnk;d gksrk gSA ngst ds lkFk&lkFk lqna jrk dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA dHkh&dHkh lqna jrk gksus ds ckn Hkh ngst u gksus ds dkj.k xjhc ifjokjksa dh yM+fd;ksa dh 'kknh ugha gks ikrhA L=h thou dh bl leL;k dks ukfljk 'kekZ us vius ^rkcwr* dgkuh esa n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s Þrhuksa cgusa feêh dh ek/kks Fkha] vc bl 'kDy vkSj [kkyh nkeu okyh dks dkSu C;kgus vkrk tks ek¡&cki ds dk¡/kksa dk cks> gYdk gks tkrkA viuh cnlwjrh dk vglkl rhuksa dks viuh xjhch vkSj cngkyh ls dgha vf/kd FkkA muds o'k dh ckr gksrh rks 'kk;n oks dqN dksf'k'k Hkh djrhaA bl edku esa lkFk o"kksZa ls jgdj jkr Hkj eUurks]a eqjknksa ds ckotwn os rdnhj dk fy[kk u feVk ldha vkSj u fny esa cki ds dkslus ls vius dks vktkn dj ldhaA muds gkFk pyrs Fks] vk¡[ksa ?kwerh FkhAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] iRFkj xyh ¼rkcwr½] i`- 250½A Qgehnk] gqejS k vkSj lk;jk rhuksa cgusa gSAa bu rhuksa dk tUe ,d xjhc ifjokj esa gqvkA xjhch vkSj cnlwjrh ds dkj.k rhuksa dk fookg ugha gks ikrkA bu rhuksa dks viuh bl ifjfLFkfr ij cgqr nq%[k gksrk gSA rhuksa viuh fdLer dks dkslrh jgrh gSAa ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls ;g crk;k gS fd lekt esa dsoy nkSyrean vkSj [kwclwjr yksxksa dks gh egRo fn;k tkrk gSA lekt esa ukjh dk nkaiR; thou vf/kdrj fc[kjko ls ;qä vkSj nq[kh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA nkaiR; thou esa ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k esa fo'okl dh deh gksus ds dkj.k nq[k mRiUu gksrk gSA fookg esa lq[k&nq[k esa lkFk nsu]s mldh e;kZnk dh j{kk djus dk opu [kkusokyk ifr tc eqlhcr esa iRuh dk lkFk NksM+ ns rks og vanj ls VwV tkrh gSA ukfljk 'kekZ us ^njokt&,&dtfou* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ÞmBks tkdj dgks u fd fudkg rks gks gh x;k FkkA /kkfeZd :i ls rks rqe esjs ifr vkSj eSa rqEgkjh iRuh Fkh uA mBks tkvks esjk ne ?kqV jgk gS] ekek ckck [kqndq'kh u dj ys eSa rqEgkjs iSj iM+rh gw¡A ;w¡ eq>s #lok u djksA rqe enZ gks] tcku [kksy ldrs gks( mB tkvks mBksA efj;e us mldk gkFk [khapkA ekftn us gkFk >Vdk vkSj >q¡>ykdj dgk tks gqvk lks gqvk] xbZ bTtr ykSVdj ugha vkrh gS fQj Hkyh yM+fd;k¡ D;k ;w¡ viuk vNwrkiu [kRe dj nsrh gS\a xyrh rks rqEgkjh Fkh eq>s jksd ldrh FkhAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] laxlkj ¼njokt&,&dtfou½] i`- 33½A efj;e dk fookg mlds cpiu ds nksLr ekthn ds lkFk gksrk gSA muds ?kj okyksa us mudk fudkg rks djok fn;k Fkk fdarq fonkbZ ,d o"kZ ckn gksus okyh FkhA bl chp efj;e ls feyus ekthn tkrk jgk vkSj muds chp ifr&iRuh ds lac/a k cu x,A tc fonkbZ gqbZ vkSj bl ckr dk irk lc dks yxk rks lkjk nks"k dsoy efj;e dks gh fn;k x;k] rc efj;e vius ifr ds vkxs fxM+fxM+krh jgh] enn dh Hkh[k ek¡xrh jgh fd tk ds lc dks lPpkbZ crkns fdarq ekthn us mldh dksbZ enn ugha dh cfYd mYVk mlus Hkh mldks nks"kh ekukA viuh xyrh ij inkZ Mky fn;kA efj;e dsoy jksrh vkSj fcy[krh jghA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls ukjh dh n;uh; fLFkfr dk cgqr gh ekfeZd :i ls fp=.k fd;k gSA ukfljk 'kekZ dh dgkfu;ksa esa L=h&iq#"k ds lac/a kksa dks çse ds /kjkry ij dF; dk :i 78@ ladYiuk 78@la

fn;k x;k gSA bu lac/a kksa ds dbZ dks.k gSAa dgha çse dks LokFkZ&iwfrZ dk lk/ku cuk;k x;k gS] dgha okluk dh rqf"V dk] rks dgha bls mís'; dh çkfIr ds fy, vfuok;Z ekuk x;k gSA orZeku lanHkksZa esa çse Hkkoqdrk dh ljgnsa yka?k dj ;FkkFkZ dh Bksl Hkwfe ij vofLFkr gqvk gSA cnyrs lkekftd&uSfrd ewY;ksa dh –f"V ls ukjh LokFkZ&flf) esa iq#"k dh cM+h lgk;d jgh gSA ^cM+s insZ dk [ksy* dgkuh esa çse esa /kksdk [kkbZ gqbZ yM+fd;ksa dk ekfeZd fp=.k feyrk gSA tSl& s Þtc eSa mlds lkFk ?kus isMk+ as dh Nk¡o esa Vgy jgh Fkh rks bl ckr dk drbZ xqeku u Fkk fd esjs vykok mldk tqMk+ o dbZ vkSj ukeksa ls gksxkA eSa lacèa kksa ds çfr viuh ftEesnkjh tkurh Fkh] exj og bruk xSjftEesnkj lkfcr gksxk] bldk vglkl eq>s ugha FkkA gksrk Hkh dSl\s os lkjs uke rks ckn esa dgkfu;ksa ds tfj, mlus [kqn [kksy dj j[ks FksA ;g mlds thus dk vankt Fkk ftldks mlus bZekunkjh dk uke fn;k FkkA mldk dguk Fkk fd og fdlh dk gd ugha Nhurk gS u fdlh ls Nhudj fdlh dks nsrk gSA lcdh viuh&viuh txgsa gSAa tks vk;k og jg x;kA mldks eSua s l¡tks fy;kA lcds fy, esjs ikl ,d lh Hkkouk gS u de u T;knkA eSa fdlh dks u fujk'k djrk gw¡ u mnklA Hkjiwj rjhds ls eSa lc ds lkFk thrk gwA¡ ß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] balkuh uLy ¼cM+s insZ dk [ksy½] i`- 199½A jek ^jkt* uked ;qod ls çse djrh gSA jek dk çse lPpk Fkk vkSj og mlls fookg Hkh djuk pkgrh Fkh] fdarq jkt igys ls gh fookfgr Fkk vkSj mlds vU; yM+fd;ksa ls lac/a k Hkh FksA tc jek dks bldk irk pyk rks og vanj ls VwV pqdh Fkh] çse ij ls mldk Hkjkslk mB x;kA ijarq jkt dks vius bl O;ogkj ij dksbZ iNrkok ugha FkkA og vius LokFkZ ds fy, viuh iRuh ds lkFk&lkFk vU; dbZ yM+fd;ksa dk thou u"V dj jgk FkkA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k esa lekt esa LokFkhZ iq#"kksa ds gkFkksa cckZn gksrs L=h ds thou dk fp=.k fd;k gSA lekt esa çR;sd ek¡ vius cPpksa dh [kq'kh ds fy, dqN Hkh dj ldrh gSA mudh j{kk ds fy, fdlh Hkh gn rd tk ldrh gS] fdlh ls Hkh yM+ ldrh gS ;fn mlds lkeus ml dk ifr gh D;ksa u gksA ifr ls vf/kd egRo og vius cPpksa dks nsrh gSA ukfljk 'kekZ dh ^fcyko* dgkuh esa bl lanHkZ dk mnkgj.k ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tSl& s Þesjh csVh dh bTtr ywVh gS esjs vkneh usA gk¡Qrs gq, ikxyksa lh ph[kh FkhA dkSu gks rqe\ MîwVh iqfyl us mldh cngoklh dks xkSj ls ns[krs gq, iwNk FkkA eSa m/kj VsyhQksu fcfYMax ds lkeus okyh >qfXx;ksa esa jgrh gw¡A esjk ifr cyohj 'kjkch gSA mlus esjh csVh eSuk dh bTtr [kjkc dh gSA eSua as mldks cgqr ekjk gSA og ej x;k gSA bruk dgdj og csgks'k&lh ogha ij fxj xbZ FkhAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] cqr[kkuk ¼fcyko½] i`- 381½A lksukekVh dk ifr viuh gh csVh dk cykRdkj djrk gSA ,d ek¡ gksus ds ukrs og ;g cjnk'r ugha dj ikrhA og vius ifr dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy, mldh [kwc fiVkbZ djrh gS vkSj mls tsy fHktokrh gSA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls ,d ek¡ ds pfj= dks n'kkZ;k gSA vk/kqfud lekt esa ek¡&cki viuh yM+fd;ksa dk fookg fons'k esa jgus okys yM+dksa ls 79@ ladYiuk 79@la

djokuk vf/kd ilan djrs gS]a ftldk ifj.kke cgqr gh cqjk gksrk gSA os le>rs gSa fd yM+dh fons'k tkdj lq[kh jgsxh ijarq ,slk gksrk ugha gSA ogk¡ ds yksx vDlj cgqfookg djrs gSAa ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh ^nwljk dcwrj* dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s Þnksuksa vkSjrsa ikl&ikl cSB xbZAa #db;k dk psgjk ihyk iM+ x;k FkkA vk¡[ksa QVh&QVh lh gks xbZAa nksuksa dks ckr le> esa vk xbZ fd ,d vkneh us nks 'kkfn;k¡ dh vkSj nksuksa dks bldk bYe ughaA igyh ls dgk] nwljh ikxy gS vkSj nwljh ls dgk] igyh t:jrean gS vkSj nksuksa gh mlds nksLr dh cgu ;k choh gSAa ,d ek;ds tk,xh rks nwljh vk,xh] nwljh tk,xh rks igyh vk,xhA nks df”r;ksa ij lokj jkr&fnu dk ;g lQj cM+s vkjke ls xqtj tk,xkAß ¼ukfljk 'kekZ] nwljk rktegy ¼nwljk dcwrj½] i`- 498½A lfn;k ds ekrk&firk mldk fookg fons'k esa jgus okys ,d ,sls yM+ds ls dj nsrs tks igys ls gh fookfgr gSA bl ckr dk irk mUgsa ckn esa yxrk gS] tc nksuksa ifRu;ksa dk vkeuk&lkeuk gksrk gSA rc os ;g le> tkrs gSa fd muds lkFk /kksdk gqvk gSA ysf[kdk us bl mnkgj.k ds ek/;e ls fons'k esa jgus okys iq#"kksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA var esa fu"d"kZ ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ukfljk 'kekZ us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa L=h thou dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA L=h ds nSfud thou dh ;kruk] ihM+k vkSj =kl dks viuh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls yksxksa ds lEeq[k j[kk gSA

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ledkyhu dgkfu;ksa esa fpf=r ukjh dk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k & eksfudk nsoh ledkyhu dgkuhdkjksa us orZeku ;qx dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gSA Lora=rk çkfIr ds ckn Hkh ns'k dh vFkZ&O;oLFkk ij iw¡thoknh] lkezkT;oknh O;oLFkk us vkfFkZd ewY;ksa rFkk ekuoh; lkSgknZiow d Z O;ogkj dks lekIr dj fn;k gSA tSls lxs&lacèa kh] fe=&Lotu vkfn fj'rksa ,oa lac/a kksa esa Hkh bls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt dh vFkZ fo"k;d /kkj.kk esa dkQh ifjorZu vk;k gSA vkt vFkZ çkfIr ds fy, gj çdkj dk la?k"kZ tk;t gks x;k gSA nwljh vksj nk'kZfud ekU;rkvksa us oxZ la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, Hkwfe rS;kj dh gSA ledkyhu dgkuh esa cgqvk;keh psruk ds chp vkfFkZd vHkko dh leL;k rks dgha u dgha] fdlh u fdlh :i ls tqMh+ jgrh gS] D;ksfa d vFkZ gh ekuo lekt dh og vk/kkjf'kyk gS ftl ij iwjh lkekftd O;oLFkk fVdh gqbZ gSA vkt vFkZ gh ekuo thou dh lcls cM+h vko';drk gS D;ksfa d thou ds gj {ks= esa bldh vko';drk gSA blfy, uohu vkfFkZd ;qx&psruk us vFkZ ds vHkko ls mRiUu vusd leL;kvksa dks tUe fn;k gSA uj&ukjh nks egRoiw.kZ vax gS]a vxj bUgsa lkekftd thou :ih xkM+h ds nks ifg, dgk tk, rks vfr'k;ksfä u gksxhA Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dks –f"V esa j[kdj ukjh thou dks ns[kk tk; rks oSfnd ;qx esa ukjh dks iq#"k ds led{k LFkku çkIr FkkA mls iq#"k ds leku Lora=rk] lekurk ,oa LosPNk dk vf/kdkj çkIr FkkA mls iwtuh; ekudj euq us rks ;g Hkh dgk fd ;= uk;ZLrq iwT;ars jears r= nsork%A oSfnd ;qx rd ukjh thou mR—"V ,oa çfrf"Br FkkA ijarq e/;;qx ds vkrs&vkrs ukjh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu vkus yxkA mldk lEeku ,oa vkns'k {kh.k gksus yxkA og iq#"k ds fy, nklh ,oa Hkksx&foykl dh lkexzh ek= cu dj jg xbZA thou ds çR;sd {ks= esa mls viekfur dj nsoh ds ifo= vklu ls gVkdj ek= nklh cuk fn;k x;kA ukjh dh lkekftd fLFkfr dHkh Hkh ,d lh ugha jghA ukjh us vkt rd thou ds dbZ vk;keksa dks ifjyf{kr fd;k gSA vaxt sz h 'kklu dky esa ik'pkR; lH;rk vkSj laL—fr us Hkkjfr;ksa ds n`f"Vdks.k dks çHkkfor fd;kA blh lanHkZ esa ogk¡ dh ukjh ds Lokoyach thou ls ;gk¡ dk f'kf{kr ;qok oxZ çHkkfor gqvk vkSj ukjh ds çfr viuk, tkus okys dM+s #[k esa FkksMh+ lh f<ykbZ nhA ukjh us Hkh le; dk lgh mi;ksx dj :f<+;ksa dh Ük`[a kyk dks rksMd + j iq#"k dh led{krk çkIr djus dh ps"Vk dhA bl çdkj Hkkjrh; Lora=rk vkanksyu ds led{k gh ukjh Lora=rk dh Hkkouk dh viuh tMas+ xgjh djus dk ekSdk feyk vkSj /khjs&/khjs og iq#"k dh lgxkfeuh cu xbZA ukjh dks iq#"k ds lkFk leku Lrj ij lkjs dk;Z dks djuk] vk/kqfud ;qx esa 81@ ladYiuk 81@la

lac/a k ifjorZu dh çFke vkSj vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ fLFkfr gSA ledkyhu ifjos'k esa mRiUu vkfFkZd ladV ;qx dk lcls cM+k ladV gSA blh vFkZ ladV ls mRiUu fLFkfr esa ekuo ds lEeq[k vkRefuHkZjrk dh fodV leL;k mB [kM+h gqbAZ blls iq#"kksa ls vf/kd ukfj;k¡ tw>rh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa Þvkt Hkh çcq) ukjh ds lkeus ,d gh fodYi jg x;k gS& ;k rks og iq#"klÙkkRed lekt ds gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cus ftlls vkt dh f'kf{kr ukjh dk vga [kafMr gksrk gS ;k viuh Lora=rk uSfrd :f<+;ksa ,oa ijaijkvksa dks jkSna rh gqbZ ?kj dh pkjnhokjh ls ckgj vkdj ftanxh dh nkSM+ esa iq#"kksa ds lekukarj gh ugha muls vkxs c<+dj viuh vlhe 'kfä lkeF;Z vkSj çfrHkk dk ifjp; nsA okLro esa Lora=rk ds ckn Hkh dgkfu;k¡ vkfFkZd lanHkZ dks ,d pqukSrh ds :i esa Lohdkjrh ukjh ds vkRefu.kZ; dh dgkfu;k¡ gSAa ß1 vk/kqfud ;qx esa ukjh dks f'k{kk] Lora=rk] lekurk dk vf/kdkj çnku fd;k x;k gS ijarq vkt Hkh dwieaMd w iq#"kksa dh lksp esa ukjh dh fLFkfr oSlh gh n;uh; cuh gqbZ gSA dgus ds fy, og vkt lekt dh dsæa fcanq gS ij vkt Hkh iq#"k dh –f"V esa Hkksx&foykl dh oLrq ls vfèkd ugha gSA mls vkt Hkh nks;e ntsZ dk ekuk tkrk gSA lheksu n cksmokj us viuh iqLrd ^lsdM as lsDl* esa fo'o dh efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dk los{Z k.k dj ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk gS fd Þefgyk,¡ loZ= miHkksx dh oLrq,¡ gSa vkSj mudk ukuk çdkj ls miHkksx gksrk gS& 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj vkfFkZd Lrj ijAß2 thou ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu O;fä;ksa dh ek¡x ds dkj.k vk/kqfud ukjh dk O;fäRo [kafMr gksus yxk gSA nksgjs Lrj ij thou thus ds fy, foo'k ukjh dh uSlfxZd ljyrk ,oa lgtrk yqIr gksus yxh gSA og ekufld ruko ds edM+tky ls Lo;a dks eqä ugha dj ik jgh gSA bl lanHkZ esa vydk ljkoxh dk oäO; bl çdkj gS& Þ;s vkSjr] rwus tc Hkh fdlh dksus esa iq#"k ls vyx viuk dqN cuk;k gS] rks rq>s mldh dher nsuh iM+h gSA ysfdu -- rqe bl ^vius iSl*s dh tks dHkh rqEgkjk ugha Fkk vkSj u dHkh rqEgkjs gkFk esa Fkk vkf[kj fdruh dher pqdkvksxhAß3 vkt ukjh vkfFkZd Lokoyacu gsrq tc ?kj ls ckgj dne j[krh gS rks dk;kZy;ksa esa mudk nSfgd ,oa ekufld 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA fp=k eqnx ~ y dh dgkuh ^ckotwn blds* dh ukf;dk çhfr vius ifr xks;y dh mPN`[a ky O;ogkj ,oa çrkM+u ls rax gks dj viuh ek¡ ds ?kj vkdj ogha ,d gksVy esa ukSdjh djus yxrh gSA ifr xks;y }kjk mlds gksVy esa çhfr ds fookfgr gksus dh ckr irk pyus ij mls ukSdjh ls gVk fn;k tk,xk rks og okil xks;y ds ikl pyh tkrh gSA gksVy dk eSut s j xks;y dk i= feyus ij çhfr dks cqykdj vfookfgr dgdj ukSdjh ikus okyh gjdr ij mls Mk¡Vdj mlds çfr lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkrs gq, f?kukSuh ea'kk çdV djrs gq, dgrk gS fd ÞvkbZ ehu] rqe xsLV~l dks ,aVjVsu djuk ilan djksxh\ fFkad vksoj fnl -- vkt dh ekWMuZ yM+fd;k¡ bls csdkj ugha le>rh -- ;w uks csVj -- vjsfc;u xsLV~l vkj osjh fjp -- QkWj daiuh lsd -- os eupkgk is djrs gS-a - cV -- 'krZ gS fd fdlh dks Hkud ugha yxuh pkfg,] uk eSa yxus nsrk gw¡Aß4 ;g foMacuk ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ ledkyhu lkfgR; esa fuEu yksxksa ds vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k iwt ¡ hifr;ks]a tehankjks]a usrkvksa ,oa 82@ ladYiuk 82@la

ns'k ds cM+s vQlj mudk 'kks"k.k dj vf/kd laiUu gks jgs gSAa fuEuoxZ vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gqvk viuk 'kks"k.k djkus dks foo'k gSA bl lanHkZ esa M‚- jkenj'k feJ dgrs gS]a ^dgha ;g ihM+k Hkkjr foHkktu ds dkj.k tUeh gS] dgha jktuhfrd nksxysiu ls] dgha vQlj'kkgh ls] dgha iwt ¡ hoknh O;oLFkk ls] dgha egkekjh ftanxh dh ;kaf=drk vdsyis u vkSj la=kl lsAß5 bl çdkj ukjh dk 'kks"k.k 'kgjksa esa gh ugha xk¡oksa esa Hkh tehankjks]a le`) iq#"kksa ds }kjk lfn;ksa ls pyk vk jgk gSA mPpoxZ ds yksx xjhc etnwj vkSjrksa ds lkFk bl çdkj dk 'kks"k.k djuk viuk tUetkr vf/kdkj ekurs gSAa esg#fUulk ijost dh dgkuh ^txkj* esa fuEuoxhZ; vkSjrksa ds lkFk gksus okys bl nSfgd 'kks"k.k dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gqvk gSA xkserh dk fookg tc uudw ls gksrk gS rks xk¡o dk tehankj mls dke ls ckgj Hkst dj mldh ifRu dks U;ksrs ds fy, dksBh ij cqykrk gSA lkl u pkgrs gq, Hkh mls dksBh Hkstrh gSA ogk¡ mlds lkFk tks fd;k tkrk gS og le`) iq#"kksa }kjk fujhg] xjhc L=h ds lkFk lfn;ksa ls gksus okys 'kks"k.k dks çdV djrk gS& Þlqfe=k us gh xkserh dks f[kyk;k vkSj vius lkFk ,d dejs esa ys xbZA jkr gM+cM+kdj tkxh rks ns[kk lqfe=k dejs esa ugha FkhA dejs esa NksVs ekfyd [kM+s FksA dejk can FkkA dq,¡ esa HkVdh fpfM+;k dh rjg og dq,¡ esa uhps gh uhps ekxZ <w¡<u+ s mrjrh xbZ] ij uhps ekxZ dgk¡ FkkA ogk¡ rks xgjk ikuh FkkA cl QM+QM+kdj HkVdrh jg xbZA cgqr jksb]Z cgqr fxM+fxM+kbZ ij var esa fpfM+;k dks rks Mwcuk FkkAß6 fuEuoxZ vius ifjokj ,oa cPpksa dh Hkw[k dks 'kkar djus ,oa isV Hkjus ds fy, foo'k gksdj 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj gksus ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrs gSAa jkds'k oRl dh dgkuh ^vdky xzLr* dk uk;d nkeksnj vdky ,oa vfro`f"V ds dkj.k tc og vius cPpksa dk isV ugha Hkj ikrk gS rks viuh iRuh uafnuh dks Bsdns kj ds lkFk foo”k gksdj jkr xqtkjuk iM+rk gS] igys rks uafnuh bldk fojks/k djrh gS ijarq ckn esa vius ifjokj ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh gSA nkeksnj ds }kjk uafnuh dks Bsdns kj ds le{k [kM+k djus ij Bsdns kj mlls ru ds lkFk eu dk lkSnk djus dh Hkh ckr djrk gS rc uafnuh eu dk lkSnk u dj ikus ds dkj.k Bsdns j mls lkeus ls gVkus ds fy, dgrk gS rc nkeksnj ;kpuk djrk gqvk dgrk gS& ÞQÙkw ds gkFk vkius dgyok;k ugha Fkk fd vxj eSa viuh tks: dks Qdr ,d jkr ds fy, vkids gokys dj nw¡ rks lkjs xqukg ekQ dj nsx a s vkSj bruk gh ugha cfYd buke ds rkSj ij bruk vukt nsx a s fd bu eqlhcr ds fnuksa esa gekjs cPpksa dks isV ij gkFk j[kdj ph[kuk&fpYykuk ugha iM+x s kAß7 tehankj ,oa Bsdns kj viuh dke okluk dks 'kkar djus ds fy, etnwj&fdlku dh cgw&csfV;ksa dk nSfgd 'kks"k.k lfn;ksa ls djrs vk jgs gSAa mn; çdk'k dh dgkuh ^ghjkyky dk Hkwr* esa ;gh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ghjkyky vkSj mldh iRuh Qqfy;k dk 'kks"k.k tehankj ,oa iVokjh mudh vlkeF;Z dks ns[kdj dgrs jgrs gSAa ghjkyky jkr fnu Bkdqj dh gosyh esa tkuojksa dh rjg dke djrk gS cnys esa mls nks oä dk :[kk&lw[kk isV Hkjus dks fey tkrk gSA gosyh esa vf/kd dke gksus ij Qqfy;k dks dke ij tkuk iM+rk gSA ,d fnu Bkdqj vkSj iVokjh dh ;kstuk ds rgr ghjkyky dks 'kgj cktkj ls lkeku ykus Hkst fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds ihNs mldh iRuh dh vfLerk ywV ysrs gS(a cnys esa nl #i, eqvkotk esa ns fn;k 83@ ladYiuk 83@la

tkrk gSA ghjkyky lcdqN tkudj Hkh viuh xjhch ,oa ykpkjh ds pyrs dqN Hkh ugha dj ikrkA Þxk¡o dk gj vkneh bl ckr dks tkurk Fkk fd ghjkyky dk lc dqN ywV fy;k x;k gSA tehu] tk;nkn] ftanxh] ilhus ls ysdj vkSjr dh bTtr rdAß8 ukjh ds 'kks"k.k dk flyflyk ;gha ij lekIr ugha gqvk gSA 'kgjksa esa dke djus okyh efgyk deZpkfj;ksa ds lkFk Hkís etkd ,oa 'ksjks&'kk;jh djuk] mUgsa n¶rkj dk le; lekIr gksus ds ckn Hkh dke ds cgkus jksddj muds lkFk v'yhy O;ogkj djuk vkt vke ckr gks xbZ gSA eerk dkfy;k dh dgkuh ^tk¡p vHkh tkjh gS* dh ukf;dk viZ.kk jk"Vªh; cSd a esa ukSdjh feyus ij cM+s g"kZ ,oa esgur ls dke djrh jgrh gSA mldh ;g [kq'kh T;knk fnu rd LFkk;h ugha jg ikrhA ,d ckj ekrk&firk dks Nqêh ysdj xk¡o tkus dh ;kstuk curh gS] ijarq vpkud firk th ds chekj gks tkus dh otg ls xk¡o ugha tk ikrh gSA cSd a ds vf/kdkjh dks bl ckr dh lwpuk Qksu ij ns nsrh gSA ysfdu cSd a okys ml ij >wBk fcy is'k dj ljdkjh iSls çkIr djus dk eqdnek nk;j dj nsrs gaAS tc og Qksu ij lwfpr djus dh ckr djrh gS rks os badkj dj nsrs gSa vkSj fyf[kr :i esa mldh QkbZy bl dk;kZy; ls ml dk;kZy; esa HkVdrh jgrh gSA bl flyflys esa og cM+s vf/kdkjh lDlsuk ls feyrh gS vkSj f'kdk;r djrh gS& Þvkidks crkrs gq, eq>s ladksp gksrk gS ysfdu n¶rj esa [kUuk lkgc vkSj flUgk lkgc nksuksa dk O;ogkj efgyk deZpkfj;ksa ls mfpr ugha gS& ,d ugha çksc's kuj dks jkst viuh est dh njkt esa dkxt ij fy[ks v'yhy 'ksj feyk djrs FksA mlus eq>s [kqn fn[kk, FksA og fy[kkoV gw&c&gw [kUuk lkgc dh FkhA esjs çfr Hkh mudk l[r joS;k rHkh 'kq: gqvkA tc eSua s 'kke ik¡p cts ds ckn n¶rj esa jgus ls badkj fd;kAß9 ukjh us ;qxksa ls cgqr dqN lgk gS vkSj vkt Hkh lg jgh gSA vkt rd fL=;ksa dh vfLerk dks udkjdj mUgsa misf{kr j[kk x;k gSA ledkyhu ukjh Hkys gh vkt vkfFkZd –f"V ls l{ke gks xbZ gks] lafo/kku }kjk mls iq#"kksa ds leku vf/kdkj fn, x, gks] vkt Hkh iq#"kksa dk opZLo gSA ukjh 'kks"k.k ds fy, iq#"kksa dks ftEesnkj Bgjkrs gqbZ M‚- fueZyk tSu dgrh gSa fd ÞdM+oh lPpkbZ ;g gS fd iq#"k ç/kku lekt esa lfn;ksa ls efgykvksa dk neu vkSj 'kks"k.k gksrk vk jgk gSA lekt esa mudh Hkwfedk vkSj mudh lkekftd gSfl;r dk fuèkkZj.k iq#"k ds }kjk gqvk gSAß10 vkt c<+rh gqbZ eg¡xkbZ ,oa rqyukRed thou ;kiu ds fy, efgyk,¡ bldk f'kdkj gks jgh gSAa mudk 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld 'kks"k.k gks jgk gSA tc blds fo#) dne mBkrh gS rks mls vlQyrk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj dke djus yxrh gSA bldk dkj.k lekt esa O;kIr mnklhu ekufldrk gSA ukSdjh ds dkj.k tgk¡ mls vkfFkZd fuHkZjrk ,oa lqj{kk çkIr gqbZ ogha mudk ekufld ,oa nSfgd 'kks"k.k vkjaHk gqvkA vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k ds lkFk&lkFk dkedkth ukjh gksus ds dkj.k mldk lsDlqvy 'kks"k.k Hkh vkjaHk gks x;kA n¶rjksa esa iq#"k vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk gksus okys ;kSu&'kks"k.k ls Hkh vkt ukjh xzLr gSA ukjh Hkh ukjh dk 'kks"k.k djrh gSA ij varj flQZ bruk gS fd mlds :i cny x, gSAa ihM+k rks ogh gS ij ihM+k nsus ds rjhdksa esa ifjorZu vk x;k gSA

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la n HkZ 1- M‚- f'ko'kadj ikaM; s ] Lora«;ksÙkj fganh dgkuh] dF; vkSj f'kYi] i`- 106 2- vktdy] if=dk] ebZ 2001] i`- 35 3- vydk ljkoxh] 'ks"k dknacjh] i`- 78 4- fp=k eqnx ~ y] dapy q ] ckotwn blds] i`- 66 5- jkenj'k feJ] fganh dgkuh % ,d varjax igpku] i`- 79 6- esg#fUulk ijost] lej] tkxj] i`- 25 7- jkds'k oRl] ,d cq) vkSj vdkyxzLr] i`- 7 8- mn; çdk'k] frfjN] ghjkyky dk Hkwr] i`- 129 9- eerk dkfy;k] tk¡p vHkh tkjh gS] i`- 33 10- M‚- fueZyk tSu] dFkk vkSj ukjh] gal if=dk] tqykbZ] i`- 40

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nfyr foe”kZ fganh dk izFke nfyr miU;kl ^NIij* & ljyk flag nfyr dgkfu;ksa esa izfrjks/k dk ;FkkFkZ & lqHkkf’k.kh Vh-

86@ ladYiuk 86@la

87@ ladYiuk 87@la

fganh dk çFke nfyr miU;kl ^NIij* & ljyk flag ;g euq"; dh ço`fÙk jgh gS fd 'kks"k.k pkgs ekufld gks ;k lkekftd] vkfFkZd gks ;k èkkfeZd mldk fojks/k vkSj foæksg gksxk ghA ml esa le; fdruk Hkh yx ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr esa 'krkfCn;k¡ chr xbZAa /keZ ds uke ij ,d oxZ dks lkekftd] ekufld vkSj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k lgrs gq, ysfdu tSls gh ,d oxZ esa tjk lh psruk vkbZ] mlds foæksg dk igyk foLQksV gqvkA mldk gh ifj.kke gS nfyr lkfgR;A fganh vkykspuk esa ml ç'u ij yach cgl gqbZ fd fganh dk igyk miU;kl dkSu lk gS vkSj ml ij Hkh cgl gksrh jgh gS fd fganh dh igyh dgkuh dkSu lh gSA ,slh cglksa ls fganh miU;kl vkSj fganh dgkuh ls lacfa /kr vusd egRoiw.kZ ckrsa lkeus vkbZ gSAa Bhd blh rtZ ij t;çdk'k dnZe ds miU;kl ^NIij* dks Hkh fganh esa çFke nfyr miU;kl dqN fo}kuksa }kjk eku fy;k x;k gS tks fcYdqy lgh gSA ysfdu ;g fganh dk igyk nfyr miU;kl D;ksa vkSj dSls gS bl ij cgqr de ppkZ dh xbZ gSA bl ç'u ij ckr djrs le; igys ;g fopkj.kh; gS fd fganh ds igys nfyr miU;kl dh [kkst ds izlx a esa nfyr vkSj nfyr lkfgR; dh vo/kkj.kk D;k gS\ M‚- dqleq yrk es?koky us nfyr dh ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd Þnfyr dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS dqpyk gqvkA vr% nfyr oxZ dk lkekftd lanHkksZa esa vFkZ gksxk] og tkfr] leqnk; tks vU;k;iwod Z lo.kksZa ;k mPp tkfr;ksa }kjk nfer fd;k x;k gks] jkSna k x;k gksA nfyr 'kCn O;kid :i esa ihfM+r ds vFkZ esa vkrk gS] ij nfyr oxZ dk ç;ksx fganw lekt O;oLFkk ds varxZr ijaijkxr :i esa v'kq) ekus tkus okys o.kksZa ds fy, :<+ gks x;k gSA nfyr oxZ esa os lHkh tkfr;k¡ lfEefyr gS]a tks tkfr lksiku Øe esa fuEuLrjij gSa vkSj ftUgsa lfn;ksa ls nckdj j[kk x;k gSAß ¼M‚- dqleq yrk es?koky] fganh miU;klksa esa nfyr oxZ] i`- 1½A blfy, okLro esa ^nfyr* ogh O;fä gks ldrk gS] tks lkekftd] vkfFkZd rFkk nksuksa –f"V;ksa ls nhu&ghu gksA vr% nfyr lkfgR; ls vfHkçk; ml lkfgR; ls gS] ftlesa nfyr us Lo;a viuh ihM+k dks :ikf;r fd;k gSA vius thou&la?k"kZ esa nfyrksa us ftl ;FkkFkZ dks Hkksxk gS] nfyr lkfgR; mlh dh vfHkO;fä dk lkfgR; gSA ;g dyk ds fy, dyk dk ugha] cfYd thou dk vkSj thou dh ftthfo"kk dk lkfgR; gSA bl vk/kkj ij ,d eqdEey ifjHkk"kk gks ldrh gS fd vk/kqfud fganh nfyr lkfgR; og gS tks nfyr eqfä ds lokyksa ij iwjh rjg vacM s djoknh gSA lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd lHkh {ks=ksa esa mlds ljksdkj ogh gS tks M‚- vacM s dj ds FksA fganh nfyr lkfgR; esa miU;kl dh mifLFkfr mlds mTToy Hkfo"; dk ladrs gSA ;w¡ rks igys Hkh nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk miU;kl fy[ks x,A muesa M‚- /keZohj dk ^igyk [kr*] cyoar flag ^pkokZd* dk ^Hkw[kh fpaxkjh dh yky eqLdjkgV*] t;çdk'k dnZe dk

88@ ladYiuk 88@la

^d#.kk* rFkk dikfM+;k dk ^ekVh dh lkSx/a k* vkfn ds uke fy, tk ldrs gSAa ysfdu bu miU;klksa ds dF; nfyrksa dh leL;kvksa ls lacfa /kr ugha FksA vr% bUgsa nfyr miU;kl dh ekU;rk çkIr ugha gks ldhA fdlh nfyr miU;kldkj dk nfyr psruk laiUu igyk miU;kl ÞNIijß dks ekuk tkrk gS ftlds ys[kd t;çdk'k dnZe gSA bl lac/a k esa M‚,u- flag us fy[kk gS fd Þt;çdk'k dnZe dk miU;kl ^NIij* ,d ifjorZudkjh miU;kl gS ftls eSa fganh dk igyk nfyr miU;kl ekurk gw¡Aß ¼M‚- ,u- flag] mRihM+u dk jpukRed miU;kl % NIij½A NIij dh dFkkoLrq ,d etnwj ifjokj ds ;qod panu dh f'k{kk ds fy, tíkstgn dh dgkuh gS ftlesa mldh ek¡ jfe;k vkSj firk lqD[kk dks xk¡o ds czkã.k] cfu;ksa vkSj Bkdqjksa }kjk feydj mRihfM+r fd;k tkrk gS fd og lfn;ksa ls pyh vkrh ijaijkvksa dks rksMd + j vius yM+ds dks 'kgj esa i<+us D;ksa Hkst jgk gS\ blls lekt ds mPpoxhZ; yksxksa dh ukd dV tk,xhA ysfdu lqD[kk mu lkjs nckoksa ls >qdus dks rS;kj ugha gksrk gS ftlds dkj.k mls ?kj ls cs?kj gksuk iM+rk gSA og xk¡o ds ikl ds ,d dLcs esa esgur etnwjh djus yxrk gS vkSj 'kgj esa panu dks i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds fy, iSlk Hkstrk jgrk gSA panu Hkh 'kgj esa gfj;k dh >qXxh esa jgrk gS] d‚yst tkrk gS vkSj ykSVdj nfyr ckydksa ds fy, ,d Ldwy pykus yxrk gSA mlls iwjh cLrh esa f'k{kk ds çfr vkd"kZ.k rks c<+rk gh gS] ,d ubZ psruk Hkh vkus yxrh gSA /khjs&èkhjs panu vius bl dke dks 'kgj ls nsgkrksa rd ys tkrk gS] tks ,d fnu tukanksyu dk :i ys ysrk gS vkSj nfyr ,dtqV gksdj /kkfeZd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd 'kks"k.k ds izfr foæksg dj nsrs gSAa la{ksi esa ;gh gS ^NIij* dk dFkkudA bl ds dF; vkSj f'kYi ij fopkj djrs gq, M‚- iq#"kksÙke lR;çseh us fy[kk gS fd Þesjk vk'k; ;g ugha gS fd ^NIij* esa nfyr lekt dh ;krukvks]a muds lkFk fd, tk jgs ik[kaMiw.kZ ,oa vekuoh; lkekftd O;ogkj vFkok mudh nqxfZ r&mis{kk] mRihM+u] çoapuk dh dFkk ds ek/;e ls t;çdk'k dnZe us egt viuh dykRed Hkw[k ;k jpukRed ftthfo"kk dks 'kkar djus dh dksf'k'k dh gS vfirq blds foijhr ;gk¡ ge ys[kd dh lkekftd çfrc)rk] mlds lerkewyd lekt dh lajpuk ds ljksdkjksa ls :c: gksrs gSAa vc ;g ckr rks viuh txg gS fd cxSj ekuoh; ihM+k ds dksbZ jpuk tUe ysrh gh ugha gSA ,d ckr vkSj ekuuk gh gksxk fd t;çdk'k dnZe f'k{kk 'kSyh dh xfreku /kkjk dh rjg ^NIij* dh viuh dFkk ds lkFk ikBd dks ogk¡ ys tkrs gSAa miU;kl dh Hkk"kk çokge;h vkSj dgha&dgha dkO;e;h gSA lpeqp ;g ,d iBuh; lQy —fr gSA ;g fu%ladksp dgk tk ldrk gS fd t;çdk'k dnZe dk miU;kl ^NIij* fganh nfyr lkfgR; dh uhao dk iRFkj ;k iFk çn'kZd gSAß ¼M‚- iq#"kksÙke lR;çseh] nfyr lkfgR; vkSj lkekftd U;k;] i`&72½A fganh nfyr lkfgR; dk ;g çFke miU;kl vusd laHkkouk,¡ txkrk gSA

89@ ladYiuk 89@la

nfyr dgkfu;ksa esa izfrjks/k dk ;FkkFkZ & lq H kkf"k.kh Vh-

;g ,d lkekftd ;FkkFkZ gS fd lfn;ksa dh xqykeh lgrs&lgrs nfyr lekt dk vkRelEeku jlkry esa igq¡p pqdk FkkA lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa ds iz;klks]a vNwrks)kj] f'k{kk vkfn ds dkj.k muesa tkx`fr dk lapkj gqvk rFkk mUgsa viuh fuEurj thou n'kk dk vglkl gqvkA bl ghu n'kk dk cks/k nfyr lekt viuh gh fLFkfr ij vlarks"k o vkReXykfu ls Hkj mBrk gSA nfyr ys[kdksa us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa nfyrksa vkSj fL=;ksa ds viuh ghu n”kk ls mRiUu vlarks"k dk vusd LFkyksa ij fp=.k fd;k gSA lkFk gh] buesa ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd ;s nksuksa gh leqnk; ¼L=h vkSj nfyr½ vius l'kDrhdj.k ds QyLo:i bl ;ksX; gks lds gSa fd o.kZ O;oLFkk vkSj iq#"k lÙkk }kjk fd, tk jgs 'kks"k.k ds izfrjks/k esa [kM+s gks ldsAa ¼d½ nfyr vlarks"k vkSj fonzksg nfyr lkfgR;dkjksa us lfn;ksa dh xqykeh ds dkj.kksa dk foospu djds muds izfr vlarks'k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkj mBrs gq, nfyr leqnk; dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu fd;k gSA tSl& s vkseizdk’k okYehfd us ^'ko;k=k* dgkuh esa nfyrksa dh 'kks"k.k ds izfr vlarks"k dh Hkkouk dks vius ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls bl izdkj O;Dr fd;k gS&dYyu us tksj nsdj dgk] ^^ckiw] ;gk¡ u rks bTtr gS] uk jksVh] pekjksa dh ut+j esa Hkh ge flQZ cYgkj gSa -- ;gk¡ rqEgkjh ot+g ls vkuk iM+rk gS -- esjs cPps ;gk¡ vkuk ugha pkgrs -- mUgsa ;gk¡ vPNk gh ugha yxrkA**1 tc dYyu larks dks vius lkFk ys tkus dh ckr dgrk gS rc larks viuh bPNk dks O;Dr djus dk lkgl ugha dj ikrh vkSj firk dh et+hZ ds f[kykQ tkuk mlds fy, vlaHko FkkA larks firk ds eu dks nq%[k igqp ¡ kuk ugha pkgrh Fkh vkSj tc dYyu lqjtk ls dgrk gS eq>s vkSj esjs cPpksa dks bl xk¡o esa vkuk Hkh ilan ugha gS D;ksfa d bl xk¡o ds yksxksa dks rks ge balku tSls fn[krs gh ugha D;ksfa d ge cYgkj gSa tks vNwrksa esa Hkh vNwr ftls balkuksa esa 'kkfey ugha dj ikrsA xk¡o ds pekjksa dh ut+j esa ge dsoy vNwr gh gSAa bl dFku esa o.kZ@tkfr O;oLFkk ds izfr nfyr vlarks"k dks vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA nfyrksa ds Hkhrj Hkh Nwr&vNwr dk HksnHkko vfrnfyr tkfr;k¡ gtkjksa o"kZ ls lgrh vkbZ gSa ysfdu vk/kqfud ;qx esa os bls viuk HkkX; ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSA cfYd ,sls ekuo fojksèkh vkpj.k ds izfr mudk eu vlarks"k ls Hkjk gqvk gS& ^^?kj igq¡prs gh lqjtk us dYyu ls dgk] ^^rw lp dgos Fkk dYyw --- ;ks xk¡o jg.ks yk;d uk gSA** mldh yach ewN a as xqLls esa QM+QM+k jgh FkhaA vk¡[kksa ds dksj Hkhxs gq, FksA ^^ckiw vHkh Hkh dqN ugha fcxM+k -- ;s baVZ as rks dksbZ Hkh [kjhn ysxk] ;s edku cuus ugha nsx a ]s ** dYyu us lqjtk dks le>kus dh dksf'k'k dhA ysfdu lqjtk us Hkh ftn idM+ yh FkhA

90@ ladYiuk 90@la

og >qdx s k ughaA tks gksxk ns[kk tk,xkA mlus eu gh eu nksgjk;kA ^^uk] csVV~ s edku rks bZc c.kds jgosxk --- tku ns nw¡xk] ij ;ks xk¡o NksMd + s uk tkÅ¡xkA** 2 lqjtk us xgjs vkRefo'okl ls dgkA** ;gk¡ lqjtk dk dFku ;FkkFkZ ds izfr fojks/k ds fy, mB [kM+s gksrs nfyrksa ds izfrjks/kh Loj dk izrhd gSA blh izdkj dUgbZ ij ckcw lkgc vkSj iafMr ds dkj.k tks vU;k; gksrk gS] og Hkh mlds f[kykQ yM+us dks rS;kj gksrk gSA bl lac/a k esa eaxy dk dFku n`"VO; gS&^^rks vc] ge yksxksa dks] xsg¡w pkoy ugha [kkus nsx a \s xan& s xans osn&iqjk.k bfLefjr fy[kdj] gekjh f'k{kk can dj nh] gekjs gfFk;kj Nhu fy,] gekjs _f"k&eqfu;ksa dh gR;k,¡ dha] mudh f'k{kkvksa dh fdrkcsa tyk nha vkSj vc] og /kwr]Z dgrk gS fd xsg¡w pkoy ugha [kkus nsx a As Bhd gS] dUgbZA fgEer er gkjukA eS]a vkt gh] pkS/kjh ls dgrk gw¡A vkBksa xk¡oksa ds pkS/kfj;ksa vkSj ljiapksa ls dgw¡xkA ge yksx] bl ckr dks] gjfxt cnkZ'r ugha djsx a As vkf[kj] xsg¡& w pkoy iSnk rks geha djrs gS]a u\ Bhd gSA vlk<+ vkus nksA rqe yksx Hkh rS;kj jgks --A** ^^gk¡] pkpkA dqN u dqN] gksuk pkfg,A** dUgbZ us dgkA ^^gksxk dUgbZ] t:j gksxkA ge pqi ugha cSBx as As **3 ;g dSlk U;k; gS tc fdlku vukt mRiUu djrk gS ij mls [kkus ds fy, mlh dks gd ugha feyrkA dUgbZ vkSj eax: dk laokn bl fLFkfr ds izfr fojks/k] vkØks'k vkSj fonzkgs dks izdV djrk gSA ;g lHkh nfyrksa dh ihM+k gS blhfy, iafMr vkSj ckcw lkgc dk fojks/k xk¡o ds lHkh pekj ,d gksdj djrs gS& a ^^bl ckj dh cjlkr esa pekj&cLrh ds yksx vf/kd [kq'k gq,A cLrh ds lHkh yksxksa ds eu esa ,d gh ckr cSB pqdh Fkh&^cnyk ysus dk ekSdk vk x;k gSA vc ge crk nsx a s fd ge yksx iafMr th vkSj ckcw lkgc dh ethZ ls ugha ft,¡xAs ge Hkh balku gSAa blfy, balkuksa dh rjg gh] viuh bPNk vkSj vktknh ls] ft,¡xAs Bxh vkSj ek;ktky dh dybZ [kksydj j[k nsx a As **4 tc nfyr vius gd ds fy, yM+uk tku ysrk gS rc og mlds fy, yM+us yxrk gSA vius gd dks gkfly djus ds fy, nfyrksa dks laxfBr gksdj la?k"kZ djuk gksxk&;gh bl izlx a dk fufgrkFkZ gSA nfyrksa dh le> esa vk pqdk gS fd lo.kksZa dks ;g ckr fcYdqy ilan ugha gksrh fd nfyr muds fo#) dqN Hkh iz'u iwNs ijarq ;fn ,slk u fd;k x;k rks 'kks"k.k dHkh #d ugha ldrkA ^^dUgbZ viuh ckr ij n`<r+ kiwod Z vfMx jgkA xaHkhjrkiwod Z mlus vius 'kCnksa ij tksj nsrs gq, dgk&^^tqcku gh ugha] ;fn t:jr iM+h rks vkSj dqN Hkh yM+ ldrk gS vkSj eSa vki dks gh ugha] lcdks tkurk gwA¡ **5 dUgbZ iafMr vkSj ckcw lkgc ds f[kykQ gksdj viuh vkokt+ mBkrk gS rFkk vius leqnk; ds leFkZu ds izfr Hkh og vk'oLr gSA nfyr leqnk; vc ;g tku pqdk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj laxfBr gksuk la?k"kZ djus esa gh mldh

91@ ladYiuk 91@la

eqfDr dk ekxZ fufgr gS&^^vr% gesa ;g yM+kbZ tkjh j[kuh gSA bls vkxs c<+kuk gS&lHkh iapx.k bl ckr dk ladYi ysa fd gesa Bxh] >wB vkSj tkylkth ds gkFk dh dBiqryh cudj] mudh ywV&[klksV dk f'kdkj ugha gksuk gSA ladYi ysa fd] ges]a bl xsg¡w okyh yM+kbZ dh gh rjg] ,dtqV gksdj lEeku] vf/kdkj vkSj U;k; ds lkFk thuk gSA**6 iapx.k dk ;g ladYi ml cnyko dk ladrs nsrk gS tks yksdrkaf=d Hkkjr esa nfyr&tkxj.k ds QyLo:i ?kfVr gks jgk gSA nfyrksa ds izfr lo.kksZa us bruk vR;kpkj fd;k gS fd vusd voljksa ij nfyr vlarks"k vkSj vkØks'k vfoosdiw.kZ fgalk esa Hkh cny tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ js[kk dh e`R;q ds ckn izes vius&vki dks jksd ugha ikrk vkSj og iqfyl ls ?k`.kk djus yxrk gSA mldk Øksèk fgalk dk :i ys ysrk gS&^^lkys eq>s ikxy dgrk gSA eSa rq>s ugha NksMx ¡w kA rsjh gh otg ls esjk thou lkFkh eq>ls tqnk gqvk gSA esjk thou cjckn gks x;kA** blls igys fd oks l¡Hky ikrk] eSua s xksyh pyk nhA ^^/kk¡;A** ogk¡ dksgjke ep x;kA eSua s lkspk dqÙks dh ekSr ejus ls vPNk gS] vkRegR;k dj yw¡A blds flok esjs ikl dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA**7 ;g nfyr&fonzkgs dk og udkjkRed :i gS tks mls vijk/kh cuk nsrk gSA gR;k vkSj vkRegR;k }kjk ugha cfYd n`<+ fojks/k }kjk gh nfyrksa dks vius 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ bl yM+kbZ dks thruk gksxkA blesa langs ugha fd cnys dh Hkkouk esa vkdj dbZ ckj nfyr leqnk; Hkh fgalk vkSj vijkèk ij mrk: gks tkrk gSA tSls fd fcYVqvk cykRdkj dk cnyk cykRdkj ls ysrk gSA ysfdu vkxs pydj mls irk pyrk gS fd lekt ds izHkqoxZ us U;k; O;oLFkk ij Hkh dCt+k dj j[kk gSA blhfy, tc nfyr vU;k;xzLr gksrk gS rks vlarks"k esa ph[kus ds vykok dqN ugha dj ikrk&^^,d ckj rks fof{kIr dh rjg ph[k Hkh iM+k Fkk og] ^cki js ” ” ”! bZ dSlk balkQ gS gqtjw ! gedks cksyus dkgs ugha nsrs gSa js cki!**8 fcYVqvk dks Bkdqj txr flag }kjk vkjksfir >wBs vijk/k dh gh lt+k feyhA fcYVqvk us vius&vki dbZ ckj lp crkuk pkgk ij vnkyr esa mldh lquus okyk gh ugha FkkA vkf[kj mls lkr lky dh lt+k nh xbZA jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k ^cdjh ds nks cPps* dgkuh esa nyir ds vlarks"k dks izdV djrs gS& a ^^nyir us v¡xj[ks dh tsc ls gk¡ly q h fudkyh vkSj 'keZpna dh vksj c<+k nh&^^yks] njksxk th] nku flag ds eq¡g ij ,d FkIiM+ ekj ns]a esjh vkx cq> tk,xhA**9 tks balku vehj yksxksa ls 'kksf"kr gksrk gS mlds eu esa bl izdkj dh Hkkouk gksrh gS fd os fdlh Hkh rjg vehj dks uhpk fn[kk nsAa vxj mlls ugha gksrk rks og mlls rkdroj dk lgkjk ysrk gSA nyir nku flag dk dqN ugha dj ikrk rc 'keZpna ls nku flag dks FkIiM+ ekjus ds fy, dgrk gS vkSj mlds fy, viuh tsc ls gk¡ly q h fudkydj nsrk gSA ikjaifjd o.kZ&O;oLFkk dh ,d cM+h cqjkbZ ;g gS fd mlesa ;g rd gks x;k fd cPps dks ogh dk;Z&O;olk; djuk gksxk tks mlds firk vkSj iqj[ks djrs vk, gSAa eqnkz jk{kl 92@ ladYiuk 92@la

us ^iS'kkfpd* dgkuh esa n”kkZ;k gS fd uanyky ds fy, vius ukbZ ds dke ds izfr dksbZ bPNk ugha gksrhA og bl iq'rSuh dk;Z ls ihNk NqMk+ uk pkgrk gS ijarq ukbZ ds ?kj esa tUe ysuk mlds fy, vfHk”kki cu tkrk gSA dgkuh bl O;oLFkk ds izfr vkØks'k dks O;Dr djrh gSA ;Fkk&^^;g mLrjk vthc pht+ FkkA muds lkeus dqlhZ ij cSBs vkneh dh gtker cukrk Fkk ij gtker cukus ls igys cM+h lQkbZ ls mudh viuh xnZu dkV dj mudk LokfHkeku cz'k] lkcqu] da?kh] ikuh dh fipdkjh vkSj dSp a h ds chp j[k nsrk FkkA gj 'kke mUgsa vius /kM+ ls vyx gks x;k LokfHkeku nqckjk da/ks ij yxkuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj rc os ikxyksa dh rjg nsj rd <ksyd ctkrs FksA**10 izLrqr m)j.k ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd uanyky dks vius firk ls feyk ukbZ dk is'kk fcYdqy ilan ugha Fkk vkSj mudh #fp laxhr esa FkhA os vPNk xhr xk;k djrs Fks vkSj <ksyd Hkh vPNk ctk ysrs FksA lekt esa uanyky tSls dbZ yksx gSa tks viuh bPNk ds fo#) [kkunkuh is'kk djrs gSAa ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa Hkh"k.k ekuoh; ;kruk Hkksxuh iM+rh gSA ¼[k½ L=h vlarks"k vkSj fonzksg ;qxksa ls iq#"kiz/kku O;oLFkk ds vR;kpkj >syrs&>syrs Hkkjrh; lekt esa fL=;k¡ 'kks"k.k vkSj vR;kpkj dh bruh vH;Lr gks pqdh gSa fd mUgsa ;g ekywe ugha gS fd ftls os viuh egkurk vkSj lEeku dk fo"k; le> jgh gSa og okLro esa mudh ew[kZrk vkSj 'kks"k.k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fL=;k¡ vk/kh tula[;k gksus ds ckotwn laxfBr vkSj tkx:d ugha gSAa mudh blh detksjh dk ykHk mBkdj iq#"k leqnk; mUgsa Nyrk gS] ekjrk&ihVrk gS] cykRdkj djrk gS vkSj fojks/k dh vkoktksa dks nckus ds fy, mudh gR;k Hkh dj nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd nfyr fpard L=h ek= dks nfyr leqnk; dk gh fgLlk ekurs gSa vFkkZr lo.kZ fL=;k¡ Hkh nfyr gh gSa D;ksfa d iq#"kopZLo }kjk mUgsa Hkh jkSna k tkrk gS rFkk nfyr fL=;k¡ nksgjh nfyr gaS D;ksfa d os nfyr Hkh gSa vkSj L=h HkhA mUgsa iq#"k vgadkj ds lkFk&lkFk o.kZ vgadkj }kjk Hkh jkSna k tkrk gSA dgus dh t:jr ugha gS fd mPp o.kZ ds iq#"k vHkh rd nfyr o.kZ dh fL=;ksa dks vius O;fHkpkj dh oLrq ekurs jgs gSAa nfyr dgkuhdkjksa us bu fLFkfr;ksa dk [kqyklk fd;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh fn[kk;k gS fd fL=;k¡ vc vius bl 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vlarks"k] vkØks”k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkj mBh gSa tks u, lkekftd ifjorZu dk n~;ksrd gSA eksgunkl uSfe”kjk; us viuh dgkuh ^?kk;y 'kgj dh ,d cLrh es*a lqex a yh dh ek¡11] jQhdu12 vkSj tloarh13 ds ek/;e ls ;g n'kkZ;k gS fd lkainz kf;d naxksa dk lcls cqjk vlj vkSjrksa ij gksrk gS blfy, ;s rhuksa gh vkSjrsa iwjh dh iwjh lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj U;kf;d O;oLFkk ds izfr vlarks"k ls Hkjdj lcdks dkslrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa ;g L=h ds fonzkgs dk vlgk; :i gSA jke fugksj foey us ^vc ufga ukpc* dgkuh esa lqjlfr;k ds vlarks"k dks izdV fd;k gSA ;Fkk&^^og vkis ls ckgj gks xbZA mlus xkyh nsrs gq, dgk&^^lc ml] gjkeh] iafMr dh pky gSA mlds eqg¡ esa dhM+s iM+x as As eqg¡ >kSl a kA cSB& s cSBs gjke dh mM+krk gS vkSj mYVk ikB i<+kdj lcdk dke fcxkM+rk gSA** -- vkSj fQj [kqydj mls vkSj mlds lkrksa 93@ ladYiuk 93@la

iq”rks& a nj&iq”rksa dks xkfy;k¡ nsus yxhA**14 ;g Hkh L=h dk vkØks'k xkyh xykst ds :i esa QwV iM+k gS tks iqu% bl lekt esa L=h dh vlgk; voLFkk dk gh izrhd gSA ;gk¡ fL=;k¡ vlarks"k vkSj fonzkgs ls Hkjh rks gSa ysfdu mUgsa djuk D;k gS&bls os ugha tkurhA blds fy, mudk f'kf{kr gksuk t:jh gSA f'k{kk mUgsa l”kDrhdj.k ds ekxZ lq>krh gSA f'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k gh dgkuh dh js[kk vius fonzkgs dks dksVZ eSjt s ds :i esa lkdkj :i nsrh gS&^^izes A rqe fpark er djks -- ;s ekek cM+k eDdkj gSA gekjh izkiVhZ dh otg ls viuh ethZ ds yM+ds ls esjh 'kknh djkuk pkgrk gSA ge yksx dksVZ esa 'kknh djsx a As **15 ?kj esa lcds izes &fookg ds f[kykQ gksus ds dkj.k js[kk vksj izes dks Hkkx dj dksVZ eSjt s djuh iM+rh gSA ^^ugha ge Hkh mdjk ds dgs jgs fd gejk ys ds Hkkx pyA ge vius eu ls x, jgsA ge cqr: ls C;kg ugha djsx a As **16 ekyrh dk ;g fu.kZ; ;FkkFkZ {ks= ds izfr fonzkgs dk izrhd gS&ftldk ewY; pqdkus ds fy, mlds xqIrkax esa tyrh e'kky ?kqlkdj mldh dks[k nkx nh tkrh gS17 vkSj egkohj dks 400 yksxksa dh HkhM+ }kjk iRFkjksa ls dwp&dwp dj ekj fn;k tkrk gSA18 ^nkx fn;k lp* esa tc ?kj esa ekyrh ij mlls de mez okys yM+ds ls 'kknh dk ncko iM+rk gS rks ;g ckr ekyrh egkohj ls tkdj crkrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd vxj rqe eq> ls 'kknh ugha djksxs rks eSa ej tkÅ¡xh ij ml yM+ds ds lkFk fookg ugha d:¡xhA bl :i esa og viuk vlarks"k O;Dr djrh gSA bl ifj.kfr rd igq¡pus ls igys ekyrh us [kqydj o.kZ O;oLFkk vkSj iq#"kokn dks pqukSrh vo'; nhA ;Fkk&^^tkr&ikr vkt ds ekus gS\ rksguh Hkh rks NksV tkr dh vkSjr ds j[kuh j[k fy;s gksA eksguk rks C;kgrk vkSjr ds Hkxk ds ys vk;k gSA gej ds egkohj vPNk yxs gS ge Ådjk lax C;kg djys gSA I;kj tcju FkksMs+ gksr gS fd ge rksguh esa ls pqu ysrh fdlh dsA ekyrh us rM+kd ls mÙkj fn;kA og rc rd Mjh ugha FkhA**19 lekt esa L=h dks vius eu dh ckr dgus dk Hkh dksbZ gd ugha gS ij viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj tc izes fookg djrh gS rc og viuh bPNk dks lc ds lkeus crk nsrh gSA tc egkohj vkSj ekyrh dks xk¡o okil ykrs gSa rc ekyrh lc ds lkeus fcuk Mjs vius eu dh ckr dgrh gSA blls xk¡o okys mlls vkSj Hkh Øksf/kr gksrs gSa vkSj mls iwoZ of.kZr vekuqf'kd lt+k nsrs gSAa L=h 'kks"k.k dk vR;ar 'keZukd psgjk os”;kvksa ds lanHkZ esa ?kM+rk gSA cq)'kj.k gal us os';kvksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, fy[kk gS&^^lhrkckbZ dks tc ;g ekywe gqvk fd mldk cki gh mldh uFk mrkjus ds fy, mrkoyk gS] og vkx ckcwyk gks xbZA Nr ls dwn dj ejus dks rS;kj gqbAZ xhrkckbZ [kqn ml dehus ,l-ih- ls fdlh dkj.k ls tyh&Hkquh gqbZ FkhA mlus mlds dehusiu ij Fkwd fn;kA ;g gS enksZa dk cg”khiuA cki /kkfeZd gS vkSj viuh gh csVh ds lkFk os';ko`fÙk djuk pkgrk gSA tkfr dk czkã.k] in ls ,l-ih- vkSj D;k pkfg, iru ds fy,\ czãk dh vkSykn rks czãk dk vuqdj.k djsxh ghA bl eksgYys

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dh ckb;ksa esa vk/ks ls vf/kd czkã.k dU;k gSAa lc ij mlds gh HkkbZ&cki] ekek] llqj us vR;kpkj fd, gSAa iukg dkSu nsxk fL=;ksa dks\ flok; bu dksBksa ds\ eSa [kqn czkã.kh gwA¡ cki dh gol dk f”kdkjA lkspdj vHkh Hkh f?ku yxrk gSA esjk cki eafnj dk iqjksfgr FkkA og HkDrksa es]a tks ekynkj gksrk] mls Qqlykrk] cgdkrk vkSj ,d jkr ds fy, eq>s mlds lkFk csp nsrkA eq>ls og [kwc dekbZ djus yxkA ikfjokfjd ifjos”k esa eSa dqN Hkh djus ds fy, vH;Lr gks xbZA exj fdLer us lkFk ugha fn;kA ,d fnu mlus eq> ij gh dqnf` "V Mky nh vkSj viuh gol dk f'kdkj cuk fy;kA eSa foo'k dqN dj u ldhA eu gh eu nqxkZ ek¡] y{eh ek¡ dks Lej.k dj dgk& ek¡! csVh dh j{kk djA tc os';k gh cuuk gS] rc vius eu ls jkt d:¡xhA vius cki dh os';k cuus ls rks vPNk gS] dksBs dh os';k cuukA lks vkt eSa bl dksBs ij gw¡A izlUu gw¡A nsoh ek¡ dh —ik cuh jgrh gS fd nks Hkys xzkgd fey tkrs gSAa **20 ^vfLerk ygw&yqgku* dgkuh esa ';kekckbZ ,d ,slh L=h gS ftls lekt esa ugha cfYd vius ?kj esa vius firk ds gkFkksa gh ;kSu 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj cuuk iM+kA ';kekckbZ lksprh gS fd vxj os';k gh cuuk gS rc viuh ethZ ls dke d:¡xh vkSj og ?kj ls ckgj vkdj viuh ethZ ls os';ko`fÙk djus yxrh gSA ;g L=h&fonzkgs dk udkjkRed :i gSA iq#"k ds izfr ?k`.kk vkSj Øks/k ls Hkjdj cnys dh Hkkouk ls Lo;a dks nsg&O;kikj esa layXu djuk fonzkgs kRed dk;Z rks gS] ysfdu bls ldkjkRed fonzkgs ugha dgk tk ldrkA iq#"kopZLo vkSj tkfr&xr vgadkj ds }kjk neu ds ckotwn ^vkrad* dgkuh esa jk[kh dh gR;k ds ckn fceyk dk vkokt mBkuk Hkh blh fonzkgs dk izrhd gS Hkys gh mls Hkh u"V dj fn;k x;k gks&^^ysfdu vc rd jk[kh dh nsojkuh fceyk dk vkØks'k c<+ x;k Fkk] og ?kk;y 'ksjuh Qwyu nsoh vkSj >ydkjh ckbZ dk :i /kkj.k dj iqfyl iz'kklu ds lkeus vk xbZ vkSj iqfyl ds yk'k mBkus ij jksd yxk nhA**21 L=h dks lekt esa ncs jgus ls mls vkSj Hkh 'kksf"kr fd;k tkrk gS ij tc og viuh vkokt mBkdj yM+us yxrh gS rks Hk;adj Hkh gks mBrh gSA jk[kh dks Bkdqjksa }kjk tykdj ekj nsus ij fceyk iqfyl ls iksLVekVZe djus ds fy, yM+rh gSA ;g ns[kdj ncax Bkdqj xk¡o NksMd + j Hkkx tkrs gSAa nwljs fnu peu Bkdqj fceyk dks bldh ykseg"kZd ltk nsrk gS ijarq fceyk gks'k jgus rd mlls tw>rh gS&^^jk[kh dh nsojkuh fceyk us Hkh fgEer ls tokc fn;kA vpkud mlus Bkdqj peu flag dk xyk [kwc dldj idM+ fy;kA Bkdqj ftruk fceyk ds gkFk dks NqMk+ us dh dksf'k'k djrk] mruh gh mldh gFksyh dlrh tkrh FkhA ,d ckMhxkMZ fjokYoj fudky dj xksyh pykus gh tk jgk Fkk rc rd fceyk us viuh idM+ dl djds [khap nhA peu Bkdqj dVs isM+ dh rjg fxj iM+k] mldh thHk vkSj vk¡[ksa ckgj fudy vkbZAa lcds lc Bkdqj dh ns[kHkky esa tqV x, Fks] rHkh vpkud fceyk us cM+h gksf'k;kjh ds lkFk ckMhxkMZ dh fjokYoj Nhu yhA fQj og dc csgks'k gqbZ mls dqN irk gh ugha pykA tc mls gks'k vk;k] rks og Hkokuhiqj Fkkus esa FkhA

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fceyk us vius tqYe dk cnyk lkr yksxksa dks [kRe djds ys fy;kA fceyk viuh jk[kh ds ckjs esa lksp jgh Fkh rHkh mlds eu esa ,d egkekuo dk [+k;ky ,oa muds fopkj vk,] lkspus yxh fd fdlh us Bhd gh dgk Fkk fd ^^tqYe djus okys ls tqYe lgus okyk T;knk xqukgxkj gksrk gSA** ykt 'keZ rks ftLe <ds jgus rd gh gksrh gSA vkSjr uaxh gks ;k <dh og ges'kk lcyk gh gksrh gSA**22 lekt esa tc vkSjr vius lkFk gksus okys] vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ mB [kM+h gksrh gS rc mlds xqLls dks dksbZ ugha jksd ikrkA ;g fLFkfr gh Qwyu nsoh tSlh nL;q&lqna fj;ksa ds mn; ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrh gSA ^,d&,d dne* dgkuh esa Hkh fL=;ksa ds vkØks'k dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gS& ^^cq<Å + dh vk¡[ksa clarh ds vkS<u+ s ds lhls ds fpydkjs ls pqfa /k;k¡ xbZ& ^^vjs fcluok L;kys Hkkx ;g rks ljiapuh ugha lk{kkr~ paMh gS -- j.kpaMh --- bldk rks rst gh ugha lgk tk jgk jsA** fcluok tehankst gks x;kA ckoks lk fpYyk mBs&^^t; j.kpaMh dh -- t; Hkokuh dh -- t; nqxkZ ek¡ dh --A** clarh ckck ds cSu lqu ytk xbZA ckck dh ykBh Fkke lkaRouk nhA**23 clarh paMh :i /kkj.k djds lHkh ls yM+us yxrh gS vkSj vius ifr vkSj nsoj dks ns[kdj og fpYykrh gSA blls lkjs xk¡o ds yksxksa ds lkFk ?kj okys Hkh Mj tkrs gSa clarh ds bl :i dks ns[kdj vkSj lHkh ogk¡ ls Hkkxus yxrs gSAa lwjtiky pkSgku dh dgkuh ^cncw* esa larks’k tkfrxr is'ks ¼ik[kkuk lkQ djus½ ds izfr vlarks’k dks la;fer <ax ls vius ifr ds le{k O;Dr djrh gSA ijarq ifr mldh ,d ugha lqurkA ;Fkk& ^^lkjs fnu larks’k ds eu esa mFky&iqFky eph jghA jkr dks ifr ls fQj mlus lh/ks&lhèks 'kCnksa esa ik[kkuk lkQ u djus dh ckr dghA mldh ckr lqudj ifr HkM+d mBk Fkk vkSj vkx&ccwyk gksrs gq, cksyk&^^rw ugha djsxh rks D;k rsjk cki djus vk,xk\** ckr djrs&djrs mlus larks"k dks ,d FkIiM+ Hkh tM+ fn;kA og dqN nsj jksrh jghA fQj FkksMh+ nsj ckn fgEer tqVkrs gq, cksyh&^^pkgs esjh tku pyh tk, ij eSa ;g xank dke gjfxt ugha d:¡xhA** ^^lkyh rw dkS.k&lh cf.k;k ;k cke.k dh tkbZ gS tks ;g dke uk djsxh\** ifr us bl ckj ykr dk okj mldh ihB ij fd;kA og vc iyax ls /kjrh ij tk fxjhA larks"k us vius dks laHkkyrs gq, fQj dgk&^^eSa i<+h&fy[kh gw¡ vkSj fQj ;g dke eSua s rks D;k esjs ek¡&cki us Hkh ugha fd;kA**24 fookg ds igys yM+dh vius eSds esa ftl izdkj jgrh gS vxj fookg ds ckn dk okrkoj.k mlds foijhr gks rks og vius dks ml ls tksM+ ugha ikrh vkSj viuh bPNk ds fo#) dke djus dh foo”krk mls fonzkgs h cuk nsrh gSA larks"k dk fonzkgs tc vfHkO;fDriw.kZ u gks ikrk rks og vanj&vanj ?kqVus yxrh rFkk nsg vkSj eu nksuksa ls chekj gks tkrh gSA

96@ ladYiuk 96@la

mi;qDZ r foospu ls irk pyrk gS fd nfyr dgkuhdkjksa us nfyr vkØks'k dks cnys gq, lkekftd lanHkksZa esa lVhd vfHkO;fDr iznku dh gSA bl n`f"V ls vkseizdk'k okYehfd dh 'ko;k=k] jke fugksj foey dh vc ufga ukpc] izes dikfM+;k dh thou lkFkh] jru oekZ dh cykRdkjh] jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k dh cdjh ds nks cPps] eqnkz jk{kl dh iS'kkfpd ds uke mYys[kuh; gSAa blh izdkj L=h ds 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vkØks'k dks Hkh jke fugksj foey dh vc ufga ukpc] izes dikfM+;k dh thou lkFkh] jef.kdk xqIrk dh nkx fn;k lp] cq)'kj.k gal dh vfLerk ygw&yqgku] dfo jkts'k dqekj ckS) dh vkrad] Hkokuh flag dh ,d&,d dne] lwjtiky pkSgku dh cncw dgkfu;ksa esa izcy :i ls mHkkjk x;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd iq#"kkgadkj ls Hkjk gqvk tkfroknh iq#"klekt L=h ds fonzkgs dks cnkZ'kr ugha dj ikrk vkSj mls Hk;kud vekuqf'kd ;kruk,¡ nsrk gSA lanHkZ 1- vkseizdk'k okYehfd] 'ko;k=k] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22 2- ogh] i`- 25 3- jke fugksj foey] vc ufga ukpc] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 41 4- ogh] i`- 48 5- ogh] i`- 51 6- ogh] i`- 63 7- izse dikfM+;k] thou lkFkh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 72 8- jru oekZ] cykRdkjh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 136 9- jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k] cdjh ds nks cPps] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 118 10- eqnzkjk{kl] iS”kkfpd] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 151 11- u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 17 12- u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 19 13- u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 20 14- jke fugksj foey] vc ufga ukpc] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 32 15- izse dikfM+;k] thou lkFkh] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 68 16- jef.kdk xqIrk] nkx fn;k lp] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 81 17- ogh] i`- 81 18- ogh] i`- 82 19- ogh] i`- 8 20- cq)'kj.k gal] vfLerk ygw&yqgku] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 93 21- jkts”k dqekj ckS)] vkrad] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 101 22- ogh] i`- 101 23- Hkokuh flag] ,d&,d dne] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 110 24- lwjtiky pkSgku] cncw] u;h lnh dh igpku % Js"B nfyr dgkfu;k¡] i`- 132

97@ ladYiuk 97@la

tutkfr foe'kZ esg#fUulk ijost dh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh laLâ€”fr % yksdrRo & Mk- vuqiek frokjh tksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;ksa esa tutkrh; ifjos'k & vuq dqekjh catkjk yksd mRlo % rht & fot;y{eh catkjk tutkfr dk rht mRlo & fot;k pkankor

98@ ladYiuk 98@la

99@ ladYiuk 99@la

esg#fUulk ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnoklh laL—fr % yksdrRo & M‚- vuqiek frokjh vkfnoklh leqnk; izk;% vk/kqfudh—r leqnk;ksa ls nwj ioZrh; vkSj oukapyksa eas fuokl djrs gaS rFkk vius ikjaifjd jhfr fjokt vkSj fo'oklksa dks lqjf{kr j[krs gSAa ;s jhfr fjokt] fo'okl vkfn yksdrRo ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSa ^^;fn lkfgR; dks ekuo eu dh lw{ere vuqHkwfr;ksa dk ban/z kuq"kh izfrfcac dgsa rks mlesa ifjO;kIr yksdrRo dks mldh lw{ere varjax lrjafxuh vkHkk dk ewy dgk tkuk pkfg,A**1 'kCn dks'kksa esa ^yksd* 'kCn dh O;k[;k dbZ izdkj ls dh xbZ gS rFkk blds ^^lk/kkj.kr% nks vFkZ fo'ks"k izpfyr gSAa ,d rks gS& bg yksd] ijyksd vFkok f=yksdA nwljk vFkZ ^yksd* dk gS ^tu lkekU;*& blh dk fganh :i ^yksx* gSA**2 bls ikfjHkkf"kr djrs gq, dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^^tks yksx laL—r ;k ifj"—r oxZ ls izHkkfor u gksdj viuh iqjkru fLFkfr;ksa esa gh jgrs gSa os ^yksd* gksrs gSAa **3 vfHkizk; ;g gS fd ;gk¡ izklafxd vFkZ esa ^yksd* 'kCn dk vfHkizk; mu yksxksa ls gS ^^tks lH; lektksa ds izHkkoksa ls ckgj jgrs gq, vkt Hkh vkfne voLFkkvksa esa thou fcrk jgs gSAa **4 bls ;ksa Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^^yksd 'kCn dk vFkZ ^tkuin* ;k ^xzkE;* ugha gS cfYd uxjksa vkSj xk¡oksa esa QSyh gqbZ og leLr turk gS] ftuds O;kogkfjd Kku dk vk/kkj iksfFk;k¡ ugha gSAa ;s yksx uxj ds ifj"—r #fp laiUu rFkk lqlaL—r le>s tkusokys yksxksa dh vis{kk vf/kd ljy rFkk v—f=e thou ds vH;Lr gksrs gSa vkSj ifj"—r #fp okys yksxksa dh lewph foykflrk vkSj lqdeq kjrk dks thfor j[kus ds fy, tks Hkh oLrq,¡ vko”;d gksrh gSa mUgsa mRiUu djrs gSAa **5 bl izdkj lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa dks ;fn lw{erk ls ns[kk tk, rks lkekU; ;k lk/kkj.k turk ds n~okjk fof'k"V lH;rk] f'k"Vrk] laL—fr] ikafMR; izn'kZu] 'kSf{kd vgadkj vkfn ls nwj jgdj] ijaijk ls pys vkus okys vius yksdkpkj] yksdfo'okl] Hkkoukvksa rFkk :f<+;ksa dks cuk, j[kuk vkSj mlh thou ls thus dk vH;Lr gksuk gh ^yksd* dk y{k.k gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g dg ldrs gSa fd yksd og lgt&LokHkkfod lekt gS tks Hkksyk gS] Hkyk gS vkSj lgt iz—fr ls vR;ar LokfHkekuh gSA ;s lkjs y{k.k vkfnoklh leqnk; ij ykxw gksrs gSAa viuh ijaijkvksa dk ikyu djrs gq, ;s leqnk; lH; dgs tkusokys lekt ls fcYdqy fHkUu gksrs gSAa vr% budh laL—fr yksdrRoksa ij vk/kkfjr gS vFkkZr~ yksd laL—fr gksrh gSA vr% vkfnoklh thou vkSj ifjos'k ds izkekf.kd fp=.k ds fy, mudh laL—fr vFkok yksdrRo dk lekos'k djuk vko';d gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl rF; dks n`f"ViFk esa j[kdj ;FkkLFkku vkfnokfl;ksa ds jhfr&fjokt] /keZ] izFkk,¡] yksd fo'okl] mRlo rFkk yksd ijaijk dks viuh dgkfu;ksa esa LFkku fn;k gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us vkfnokfl;ksa dh os'kHkw"kk dk ;FkkFkZ vadu dbZ LFkyksa ij fd;k gS

100@ ladYiuk 100@la

vkSj ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd vkfnoklh vapy vk/kqfud Ük`x a kj izlk/kuksa ls ifjfpr ugha gS ysfdu lgt lkSna ;Z vkSj Ük`x a kj isez mUgsa vius <ax ls ltus l¡ojus ds fy, isfz jr djrk gSA ;Fkk&^^gj fnu dh rjg vkt Hkh mlus iw.kZ Ük`x a kj dj j[kk gSA og ukd esa QqYyh] xys esa uhj xqfj;k rFkk #i;k ekyk] rkcht] dk¡p&ef.k] dku esa f[kyok¡] Å¡xyh esa #i;k] vaxBw h] dk¡p dh eksVh pwfM+;kas ds lkFk cuqfj;k rFkk iSj esa iSMh+ igus FkhA ekFks ij ryk dkljku] twMs+ esa drMkx ¼dkSMh+ ½] jk¡x ifu;k rFkk enkj iksx a kj ¼enkj Qwy½ yxk, 6 FkhA** ltuk&l¡ojuk vkSj lanq j fn[kuk euq"; dh lgtkr izo`fÙk gksrh gSA blesa xguksa dk ;ksxnku ize[q k gksrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa ds xgus fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds gksrs gSAa mudk thou iz—fr ij fuHkZj gksus ds dkj.k os Qwy ds xgus Hkh igurs gSAa muds xguksa esa ukd dh dhy] xys esa ekyk] #i, ¼flDds½ dh vaxBw h] pwfM+;ksa vkfn dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA iSj esa eksVh&eksVh ik;y] ckyksa esa jkx ifu;k rFkk enkj ds Qwy muds lkSna ;Z dks c<+krs gSAa ^dkuhckV* ds mi;qDZ r m)j.k dh Hkk¡fr gh bl lanHkZ esa ^taxyh fgjuh* ds fuEufyf[kr va'k Hkh n`"VO; gSa & ¼v½ ^^vkSj lkeus yPNks flj ij ?kkl dk xV~Bj mBk, nwj ls vkrh fn[khA mlds iSjksa esa iM+s pkanh ds dM+s mNydj viuh fLFkfr dk Hkku djk jgs FksA yPNks us ?kqVuksa ds Åij rd lkM+h ck¡/kh FkhA**7 ¼vk½ ^^[kk&ihdj eLr gksdj nks Vksfy;ksa esa ;qorh&;qod caV x,A yM+dksa us flj ij lhax vkSj mlesa yVdh dkSfM+;ksa dh yM+]as eksj ia[k igu j[kk Fkk vkSj yM+fd;ksa us xys Hkjdj ew¡xkas dh ekyk] flj esa ck¡l dh da?kh [kksl]s twgh ds Qwy yxk,] ,d gkFk esa ydM+h idM+s ukp 'kq: fd;kA**8 mi;qDZ r va'kksa esa efM+;k tkfr ds vkHkw"k.kkfn dh ppkZ gSA efM+;k tkfr dh fL=;k¡ tks èkksrh igurh gS]a og dej ls dlh gqbZ rFkk ?kqVuksa ds dqN Åij rd gksrh gSA ;gk¡ ysf[kdk us yPNks dh lkM+h dk ftl izdkj o.kZu fd;k gS] mlls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd yPNks efM+;k tkfr dh vkfnoklh L=h gS] mls xguksa ls isez gSA iSj esa mlus pk¡nh ds eksVs dM+s igus gS]a ftudh >udkj iSjksa dh 'kksHkk c<+k jgh gSA nwljs mnkgj.k esa Li"V gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k volj ij ;qod vkSj ;qofr;k¡ fof'k"V :i dk igukok igurs gSAa ;qod flj ij lhax yxkrs gS]a dkSMh dh yM+kas ls ;qDr eksj ia[k igurs gSAa dkSMh+ ?kks?a ks dh rjg dk ,d leqnhz dhM+k gksrk gS] ftldh gfM~M;k¡ flDds ds :i esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds dke vkrh gSAa vkHkw"k.k ds :i esa budk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa esa fL=;ksa dh ds'k lTtk esa ck¡l dh da?kh dk cgqr egRo gSA ;s daf?k;k¡ mUgsa muds isez h nsrs gSAa ;fn dksbZ yM+dh dq:i gksrh gS vkSj dksbZ ;qod mls da?kh ugha nsrk rks ogk¡ dk ljnkj gh ml yM+dh dks da?kh nsdj vk'oklu nsrk gSA da?kh ds lkFk&lkFk yM+fd;k¡ ewx ¡ ksa dh ekyk rFkk twgh ds Qwy dk Hkh iz;ksx djrh gSAa

101@ ladYiuk 101@la

esys ds volj dh os'kHkw"kk vyx gksrh gSA bl os'kHkw"kk dk fp=kadu ysf[kdk us bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^yPNh cM+& s cM+s Qwyksa okyh dksls dh lkM+h ck¡/ks xys esa <sj ls ew¡xksa dh ekyk Mky lj ds Åij ihry dk eqdVq igus gkFkksa esa pk¡nh ds dM+]s ckyksa esa egdrh tqgh dh ekyk Vkads eLr ukfxu dh rjg rcys dh Fkki ij >we jgh FkhA**9 ;gk¡ xk¡o ds nar's ojh nsoh dh iwtk ds volj ij] laxhr&u`R; ds volj ij vkfnoklh ;qorh yPNks dh lkt lTtk n'kZuh; gSA nsoh iwtk esa yPNks izlUu gksdj ukp jgh FkhA ysf[kdk us Hkhy tkfr dh L=h ds ifj/kku dk Hkh ;FkkFkZ o.kZu fd;k gS tks bl izdkj gS&^^cqfèk;k viuh /kqu esa vius ihgj dk xhr xk jgh FkhA eq[k ij ls ?kw¡?kV ljd x;k FkkA yky NhaV dh deht vkSj ihyk NhaVos kyk] uhyh fdukjs okyk ?kk?kjk igus FkhA xys esa eksfr;ksa dh ekyk] #i;ksa dh ekyk FkhA pfd;k dh ?kjZ&?kjZ ds lkFk pwfM+;ksa ls lqj Hkh fey x, FksA pwfM+;ksa ds lkFk xhr ds ehBs cksy dksBkj esa xw¡t mBs FksA**10 ;gk¡ cqf/k;k ds ifj/kku dk tks fooj.k fn;k x;k gS mlds jax fo/kku vkSj lTtk 'kSyh ls gh irk py tkrk gS fd og Hkhy L=h gS D;ksfa d &^^Hkhy fL=;k¡ yky] ihys] dRFkbZ] dkys jax ds cwVns kj diM+kas ds ygaxs igurh gSAa os ?kqVuksa rd yacs ?kk?kjs Hkh igurh gaAS os yack nqiV~Vk vks<r+ h gSAa **11 vkfnokfl;ksa ds xgus vkSj os'kHkw"kk gh ugha muds laLdkj Hkh dfFkr Hknztu ls cgqr fHkUu gksrs gSAa vU; tkfr;ksa dh Hkk¡fr muds tkfr;ksa esa Hkh tUe] fookg o e`R;q laLdkj dks izèkkurk izkIr gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ&^^nqyl s k ped dj iyVh rks ns[kk tksuh ugkdj ykSV vkbZ gSA gYnh ds mcVu ls og ugkbZ Fkh blfy, ihyh&ihyh lanq j pV[k yx jgh FkhA mlds cky ihB ij QSys FksA mlds 'kjhj dk xksnuk /kqydj mHkj vk;k FkkA psgjs ij ek¡ cuus dh xfjekA lkjk 'kjhj tkM+k esa rsy dh ekfy'k ls ped jgk FkkA**12 ifjokj dks tksMu+ ]s [kq'kh nsus o ?kj dks le`) cukus dk dk;Z L=h gh djrh pyh vk jgh gSA ij mldh iw.kZrk ek¡ cuus ij gksrh gSA ekr`Ro dh Nfo mldh lqna jrk dks xfjek iznku djrh gSA blfy, f'k'kq tUe ds lkFk gh dbZ izdkj ds laLdkj ;k jhfr fjokt laiUu fd, tkrs gSAa f'k'kq tUe ds vkB ;k nl fnuksa ds ckn ek¡ dks izlo ?kj ls ckgj fudkyk tkrk gS] vkSj mlh fnu og HkyhHkk¡fr Luku djrh gSA tksuh us Hkh bl laLdkj dk fuokZg fd;k gSA mls lkjs 'kjhj esa rsy ekfy'k djds rFkk gYnh dk mcVu yxkdj unh esa Luku djk;k x;k gSA vkfnoklh ekurs gSa fd tc rd ln~; izlo ek¡ gYnh ls iw.kZ:i ls Luku ugha djrh rc rd og v'kq) jgrh gSA bl Luku ds ckn gh og ifo= gksdj ?kj ds lHkh&Hkkstu] iwtk?kj vkfn ds dk;Z dj ldrh gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ us blh dgkuh esa ukedj.k laLdkj dh Hkh ppkZ dh gSA ;Fkk& ¼v½ ^^,d l;kuh vkSjr mBh] ftlds gkFk esa yksgs dk dM+k FkkA mlus likM+h iÙks dk NksVk&lk uUgk&lk dkoM+k cuk;k vkSj iwot Z ksa ds uke ysrh xbZA ,d uke ij cPpk vius gkFk dks da/ks rd ys x;k rks mlus izlUu eqnkz esa ,syku fd;k fd ;g Qyk¡

102@ ladYiuk 102@la

iwot Z gS] fQj mlus tksuh dh xksn ls cPps dks mBkdj >wys esa Mky fn;kA cPps dh dej esa fcjth ekyk Mkyh xbZA lcus feydj xkuk xkrs gq, cPps dks >wyk >qyk;kA dkdh us dk¡ls dh Fkkyh dks nkrkSu ls ctkdj yM+ds dk uke j[kkA**13 ¼vk½ ^^tksuh cPps dks xksn esa ysdj ckgj vkbZ vkSj vkSjrksa ds chp cSB xbZA dkdks us nh;k tykdj mlds lkeus j[k fn;k vkSj ,d Fkkyh esa pkoy j[k xbZA vkSjrsa vkrha&tkrha vkSj ,d eqVB~ h pkoy ysrha vkSj Åij gkFk djds pkoy dks cPps ij fxjk nsrha fd [kwc yach vk;q ik, vkSj #i;k&vkB vkuk ls cPps dk Vhdk djrhaA tksuh lkeus j[ks nh;s dks ,d gkFk ls vius pkjksa vksj ?kqekdj lkeus j[krh vkSj ml ij gFksyh QSykdj vk¡[k ls yxk ysrhA mlds ckn nwljh vkSjr viuh vk¡[k lsd a rhA blh rjg lcus fd;kA**14 vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g fo”okl gS fd ?kj esa ;fn dksbZ L=h xHkZorh gksrh gS rks mlds xHkZ ls muds iwot Z gh tUe ysrs gSAa ;s dkSu ls iwot Z gS& a bldk irk yxkus ds fy, ^v* esa of.kZr i)fr viuk dj cPps dk ukedj.k fd;k tkrk gS vkSj >wys esa >qyk;k tkrk gSA ukedj.k ls igys dkals dh Fkkyh dks nkrwu ls ctkdj g"kZ O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj lkSj x`g esa ls tc cPps dks igyh ckj fudkyk tkrk gS] rc ^vk* esa of.kZr cPps dks igyh ckj ns[kus dk laLdkj fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj tUe lac/a kh vU; laLdkjksa esa NBh dk cgqr egRo gksrk gSA ;Fkk&^^vkt nqyl s k dh ?kksVy q dh iqjkuh nksLr tksuh ds ?kj NBh dk U;kSrk FkkA nqyl s k dks mlus igys ls gh cqyok fy;k FkkA vkt tksuh dk cPpk iwjs ,d ekg dk gks x;k FkkA**15 tUe lac/a kh laLdkj fof/k;ksa dh rjg gh fookg laLdkj Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa dk i;kZIr jkspd gSA buds fookg laLdkj esa nks rjg dh fofèk;k¡ gksrh gSAa izFke ;g fd ekrk&firk yM+dh ds fy, ;ksX; oj dk p;u djrs gSAa nwljk ;g fd yM+dk&yM+dh Lo;a ,d&nwljs dks ilan djrs gS]a vkSj fookg dj ysrs gSAa xksM a + tutkfr esa ,d izFkk gS &yelsu izFkkA ^^dqN xksM a k+ as esa fookg ds igys yelsu dh Hkh izFkk gS vFkkZr fdlh laiUu yM+dh dk firk euilan yM+ds dks ?kj j[k ysrk gSA mls rhu ls ik¡p o"kZ rd ogk¡ jguk gksrk gSA bl chp esa th rksM+ esgur djuh iM+rh gSA tc yM+dh dk firk mlds dke ¼ifjJe½ ls lar"q V gks tkrk gS rks nksuksa dk fookg dj fn;k tkrk gSA rhu ls ik¡p lky ds le; esa og yM+dk yelsu dgykrk gSA**16 esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl izFkk dk o.kZu ^dkuhckV* dgkuh esa fd;k gS] ;Fkk&^^gk¡&gk¡] ?kj&tekbZ j[kk gS] ij D;k rq>s vHkh lkSia s ns jgs gS]a tks rw dsdM+s dh rjg tku [kksn jgh gS\** ek¡ us eqldkrs gq, dgk] ^^vHkh rks lky Hkj jgsxk] mlds jax&<ax ns[ksx a ]s mldh 17 dekbZ [kk,¡x]s rc yM+dh lkSia x s As ** bl dgkuh esa nqyl s k ds ekrk&firk us mlds fy, yelsu ds :i esa jkew dks j[kk gSA tc ;g ckr nqyl s k ds lkeus [kqyrh gS rks og ty&Hkqu mBrh gSA rc ek¡ mls le>krs gq, dgrh gS fd igys mldh dekbZ [kk,¡x]s dk;Z ds izfr mldh yxu o ifjJe ns[ksx a As

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rc tkdj dgha yM+dh lkSia x as As tc rd jkew ;gk¡ jgsxk] rc rd og yelsu gh jgsxkA fookg r; djus ;k fj”rs dh ckr pyus ds volj ij Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa esa ,d jhfr viukbZ tkrh gS ftldk fooj.k blh dgkuh esa vkxs bl izdkj fn;k x;k gS& ^^Qwyks ds ?kj ds lkeus nks cfYy;k¡ xkM+dj lwvj dks mYVk yVdk fn;k FkkA ;g bl ckr dk lwpd Fkk fd Qwyks ds yM+ds okys vk, gS]a vkSj Hkhrj ckr py jgh gSA tc ckr r; gks tk,xh rks lwvj dks lh/kk dj fn;k tk,xk rFkk 'kke dks blh lwvj dks dkVdj lc yksx 'kjkc ds lkFk [kkdj vkuan euk,¡xAs rks Qwyks dk Hkh C;kg gks tk,xkA**18 Li"V gS fd tc yM+ds okys yM+dh ds ;gk¡ fookg r; djus ds fy, vkrs gS]a rks ?kj ds eq[; }kj ij eksVh&eksVh ydfM+;ksa ij lwvj dks mYVk Vkax nsrs gSAa 'kknh iDdh gksus ij mls lh/kk dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj ogh jkf= dk Hkkstu curk gSA fookg ds volj ds vU; jhfr&fjokt dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS & ¼v½ ^^lkoax dh xkM+h tSls gh }kj ij yxh cPpksa dh Vksyh&dh&Vksyh vk tqVh xqM+ [kkusA ?kjksa ls vkSjrsa bdV~Bk gksus yxhaA vkneh yksx Hkh viuk&viuk dke NksMd + j vkus yxsA lcds psgjs ij izlUurk] mRlkg FkkA vkSjrksa us c/kkbZ xkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA <ksyd ctus yxhA ns[krs&gh&ns[krs nwj&nwj rd equknh gks xbZ fd uheM+k ds ?kj ^lkoax* dk 'kxqu vk;k gSA uheM+k us xk¡o ds yksxksa ds lkFk feydj lkoax ds lkFk vk, yksxksa dk Lokxr fd;k rFkk HksVa fd;k] xys yxdj] iSj Nwdj mudk eku fd;kA vkSjrksa us c/kkbZ xhr xkuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj ns[krs&gh&ns[krs okrkj.k 'kxquokyk gks mBkA**19 ¼vk½ ^^lkoax dh cSyxkM+h ls vukt dh Vksdfj;k¡ mrkjh xbZAa lkoax ds lkFk vk;k vukt vkSjrksa us ekFks ls Nqvkdj x<+h ds nsork dks p<+k;kA lcdks fryd yxk;k x;kA lkoax dh cSyxkM+h ds lkFk vk, cSyksa dks Hkh fryd yxk;k x;kA lkoax ds 'kxqu esa vk;k lkeku] xgus mBk&mBkdj vkSjrsa fuj[k jgh FkhA gksjk vkSj Fkksjk dks gYnh yxkbZ xbZA lkjk okrkoj.k eaxye; gks mBkA**20 vkfnoklh leqnk; esa fookg r; gks tkus ij oj i{k ds yksx dU;k ds ?kj 'kxqu ds :i esa vukt] feBkbZ] Qy] vkHkw"k.k o oL= yM+dh ds fy, ykrs gS]a ogh ^lkoax* dgykrk gSA tutkrh; ijaijkuqlkj fL=;k¡ ^lkoax* ¼'kqHk 'kdqu fo"k; vkpkj½ dh lkexzh dks vius LFkkuh; nsorkvksa dks p<+kdj] cSyxkM+h ds lkFk vk, cSyksa dh iwtk o fryd djds gYnh yxkus dh jLe laiUu djrh gSAa lkoax o gYnh dh jLe dh Hkk¡fr gh ckjkr o fonkbZ dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS& ¼v½ ^^,d vkneh ckjkr ds vkxs ihry ds dy”k esa ikuh ysdj py jgk FkkA dy”k ds Åij Fkkyh esa nh;k j[kk FkkA xk¡o okyksa us dy”k dh Fkkyh esa 'kxqu ds #i, j[ksA ekny ct jgk FkkA nksuksa vksj ds lef/k;ksa us xys yxdj ,d&nwljs ls HksVa dh vkSj c/kkbZ nhA**21 104@ ladYiuk 104@la

¼vk½ ^^lkjh jkr u`R;] g¡lh&BV~Bk pyrk jgkA Qsjs gq,A xk¡o ds yksxksa us cjlksa ckn Qsjs ns[ksA Qsjos kyk C;kg eg¡xk iM+rk gS] blfy, vc dksbZ ugha djrkA yM+dk okyk vius ?kj ys tkdj Qsjs dj ysrk gSA fHkulkjs uheM+k us xksn esa mBkdj nksuksa csfV;ksa dks cSyxkM+h ij cSBk fn;kA cSyxkM+h esa nksuksa nwYgs Hkh cSB x,A ckdh yksx iSny fonk gq,A**22 mYys[kuh; gS fd tutkrh; fookg esa ftruk egRo nwYgk o nqYgu dk gksrk gS] mruk gh egRo ckjkfr;ksa dks Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA mudk vknj lRdkj dU;k i{k ds yksxksa dk drZO; gksrk gSA gksjk] Fkksjk dh ckjkr esa ckjkfr;ksa dk Lokxr djrs gq, ,d O;fDr ckjkr ds vkxs ihry ds dy'k esa ikuh Mkydj ,d fn;k tykdj ckjkfr;ksa ds vkxs&vkxs pyrk gSA xk¡o ds tks nwljs O;fDr gSa os dy'k esa 'kxqu ds :i esa dqN #i, Mky nsrs gS]a ckn esa og #i;k yM+dh dks fn;k tkrk gSA tSlk fd igys dgk tk pqdk gS] vkfnoklh fookg dh nks i)fr;k¡ gSAa ,d rks ek¡&cki }kjk fd, x, p;u ls rFkk nwljk Lo;a ilan djdsA Fkksjk vkSj gksjk dk fookg xk¡o ds lHkh yksxksa us cM+h mRlqdrk ls ns[kk D;ksfa d og igyh i)fr esa fd;k x;k Qsjos kyk fookg FkkA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh ladrs fd;k x;k gS fd Qsjksa okyk fookg eagxk iM+rk gS blfy, vf/kdrj fookg ^HkxkSfj;k* esys esa ijLij ilan ds vk/kkj ij Hkkx dj gh fd, tkrs gSAa xksnuk % vkfnokfl;ksa dh :ilTtk esa xksnuk dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA mudk ;g fo'okl gS fd ;fn 'kjhj ij xksnuk u xqnok;k x;k gks rks ujd esa tkuk iM+rk gSA yM+fd;ksa ds 'kjhj ij fookg ls igys xksnuk vafdr gksuk vko';d gS&^^la;ksxo'k fdlh yM+dh dk 'kjhj xqnk;k ugha x;k rks fookg ds le; mlds firk dks xqnkus dh dher nsuh iM+rh gSA mudk fo'okl gS fd ;fn fcuk xqnk, dksbZ L=h ej xbZ rks ejus ds ckn ;ejkt mls ltk nsx a As 'kjhj dks xksnus dk dke yM+dh dh ek¡ ;k ?kj dk dksbZ eqf[k;k djrk 23 gSA** vkfnoklh thou vkSj ifjos'k dk ;FkkFkZ vadu djrs gq, dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ us xksnus dh bl ijaijk dks viuh dgkfu;ksa esa mfpr LFkku fn;k gS& ¼v½ ^^xk¡o dk iqtkjh dgrk gS] ejus ds ckn Hkxoku ds ?kj ;gh ys[kk lkFk tkrk gS] ftlds xksnuk ugha og ujd Hkksxrk gS] ;gh nsg dk fpg~u rks lkFk tk, gSA fcuk xksnus okyh nsg dks dksbZ ugha iwNrkA lqjtuh us rks tk¡?k ij tcls xksnuk mrjok;k gS] tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ ls C;kg dk U;kSrk vk;k gS] nks lkS #i;k uxn nsus dks rS;kj gks x, gSAa dkdh ds rks iwjs nsg ij xksnuk gS ftlds ftruk xksnuk gksxk og mruk gh lq[k Hkksxrk gSA dkdh us rks iwjs pkj vkneh dk lq[k Hkksxk gSA**24 ¼vk½ ^^xksnuh cqvk us igys ehBk rsy yxk;k fQj dkty pqiM+k] fQj vkd ds dk¡Vs ls xksnus yxhA Fkksjk us duiVh ij fpjS;k vkSj dykbZ ij eksj cuok, Fks vkSj gksjk us BksMh+ ij ljlksa Qwy cuok,A**25 ¼b½ ^^xksnuk rks xguk ls c<+dj gS] ejus ij lax tkrk gS] ftl Nksjh ds ftruk xksnuk

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gksxk mruk mls lklqjs eku&lEeku feys gSA ns[k] vc dSlh lt jgh gSA** xksnuh cqvk cksyhA26 ¼bZ½ ^^eSa rks dkyh L;kgh ls xksnk cukrh gw¡A ?kh ds nhid dh dkfy[k vkSj gjs csy dh ifÙk;ksa dk jl rFkk csy dh xksna dks feykdj L;kgh cukrh gw¡A lw[ks vkd ds dk¡Vs ls xksnrh gw¡A**27 xksnuh cqvk us crk;kA ¼m½ ^^Nksjh xksnuk xqnokus ls jksx] Hkwr] cqjh vkRek ugha yxrhA gekjs le; esa rks tc rd xksnuk ugha xqnrk Fkk rc rd jlksbZ ugha Nqvkrs FksA yM+dh dks ifo= ugha ekurs FksA C;kg ugha gksrk FkkA**28 ;s lHkh m)j.k vkfnoklh :ilTtk ds vfHkUu vkSj vU;re vax ds :i esa xksnus ds egRo fu:i.k ls lacfa /kr gSAa ^Vksuk* dgkuh esa iqtkjh bl ckr dh iqf"V djrk gS fd e`R;q ds ckn 'kjhj esa xksnk gqvk xksnuk gh euq"; ds lkFk bZ'oj ds njckj esa tkrk gSA tks xksnuk ugha xqnokrk mls dksbZ egRo ugha nsrkA vkfnokfl;ksa dh ;g Hkh ekU;rk gS fd ftl L=h ds 'kjhj ij ftruk xksnuk gksrk gS] mls nsg lq[k mlh vuqikr esa feyrk gSA de xksnuk de iq#"k lq[k] vf/kd xksnuk vf/kd iq#"k lq[kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkfnoklh xksnus ds cgqr 'kkSdhu gksrs gSAa NksVs ls fcanq ls ysdj Qwy&iÙks rFkk i'kq&if{k;ksa ds fp= xqnokrs gSAa ^lwdh c;M+h* esa gksjk vkSj Fkksjk xksnuh cqvk ls duiVh ij fpjS;k vkSj dykbZ ij eksj dk fp= xqnokrh gSa vkSj BksMh+ ij ,d NksVk lk Qwy cuokrh gSAa xksnuh cqvk xksnus dk egRo crkrs gq, dgrh gS fd xksnuk gj xgus ls c<+dj gksrk gSA ftl L=h ds 'kjhj esa ftruk vf/kd xksnuk gksrk gS] ifjokj o llqjky esa mls mruk gh vf/kd eku&lEeku o isez feyrk gSA os mUgas xksnuk cukus dh izfØ;k Hkh crkrh gSAa blds fy, ?kh ds nhid dh dkfy[k o csy ds gjs iÙkksa dk jl feykdj L;kgh cukbZ tkrh gSA lqbZ ds :i esa vkd ds dk¡Vs dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd xksnuk xksnk ysus ij Hkwr&isrz dk Mj ugha jgrk gSA [kku&iku % esg#fUulk ijost+ us bl rF; dks dbZ dgkfu;ksa esa mHkkjk gS fd vkfnoklh vius thou ;kiu ds fy, ouksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gaAS budh fofo/k ouoklh tutkfr;ksa ds [kku&iku dk <ax fHkUu gS] 'kjkc budk fiz; is; inkFkZ gSA mRlokfn esa L=h&iq#"k lHkh lkewfgd :i ls 'kjkc dk lsou djrs gSAa ;Fkk& ¼v½ ^^tksuh mBh vkSj 'kjkc dk eVdk mBk ykbZA nqyl s k us gjsd ds lkeus ,d&,d nksuk j[k fn;kA tksuh us lcdh nksuh esa 'kjkc MkyhA ckgj cSBs enksaZ dks Hkh tksuh us nksuh esa 'kjkc ijksldj nh rFkk lcdks dtksgkj fd;kA**29 ¼vk½ ^^ckgj vkslkjs esa tc lkjs yksx pys x, rks dkdh nksus esa myhp& myhpdj lyQh ihrh jghA tc dkdh vf/kd [kq'k gksrh ;k nq%[kh gksrh rc og vdsyh cSBdj 'kjkc ihrh FkhA**30

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;gk¡ ^v* esa NBh ds mRlo rFkk ^vk* esa dkdh ds ,dkdhiu ds lanHkZ esa efnjkiku dk mYys[k gSA lyQh ¼'kjkc½ ds lkFk ikujksVh dk lsou fd;k tkrk gS&^^nks ?kM+k Hkjdj lyQh ykbZ xbZ FkhA ,d rjQ tgk¡ vkx dk vyko Fkk ogha ij nks rhu yM+ds cSBdj iku cuk jgs FksA iku jksVh [kkl R;ksgkjksa ij gh cukbZ tkrh gS] bls ljxh ds iÙks ij vkVk QSykdj vkx esa Hkwudj cukrs gSAa **31 ;gk¡ ysf[kdk us ?kksVy q esa cuus okys Hkkstu o 'kjkc dk o.kZu djrs gq, ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd ?kksVy q esa tc dksbZ fo'ks"k R;ksgkj gksrk gS ;k fdlh vfrfFk dks cqykus dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS] rc R;ksgkj dh [kq'kh o vfrfFk ds lRdkj ds fy, fof'k"V :i esa 'kjkc dks gh j[kk tkrk gSA bl mnkgj.k esa n`"VO; gS fd jkf= esa ?kksVy q esa vyko tyk nh tkrh gS] yM+d& s yM+fd;k¡ ,d lkFk cSBdj [kq'kh eukrs gS]a 'kjkc ihrs gSAa bl volj ij ikujksVh cukbZ tkrh gSA ikujksVh dks vkx esa Hkwudj cukrs gSa vkSj 'kjkc ds lkFk [kkrs gSAa vU;= ysf[kdk us Hkkjrh; tutkfr ds [kku&iku dk Hkh fooj.k fn;k gS&^^bu eqfxZ;ksa ds ekjs Qwy&ifÙk;k¡ dqN Hkh lkx ugha cprkA vkt gh lksp jgh Fkh equxs dh Hkkth vkSj Qwy idkÅ¡xh rks og ;g jk¡M [kk, tk jgh gSA fN% fN%] jkew Hkh [ksr pyk x;k] isM+ ij fdls p<+kÅ¡\**32 Hkkfj;k tutkfr ds yksx lCth&Hkkth mi;ksx djrs gSAa ykSdh] dn~n]w lse] puk] cjcVh] fVaMk vkfn lfCt;k¡ mxkrs gSAa cjlkr ds fnuksa esa vke ds cht dh jksVh vkSj egqvk [kkrs gaAS **33 ^dkuhckV* dgkuh esa nqyl s k dh ek¡ us equxs dh lCth cukus dh rS;kjh dh FkhA equxk ,d ,slk ikS/kk gS ftldh gjh ifÙk;ksa dh lCth cukbZ tkrh gSA blh izdkj vU;= ysf[kdk us xksM a tkfr ds [kku&iku dk mYys[k bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^yPNks taxy ls ykbZ ydfM+;ksa dks pwYgs esa tksMd + j lcds fy, ist cuk jgh FkhA ikl gh esxu pVuh rS;kj dj jgh FkhA**34 vkfnoklh taxyksa esa jgrs gSa rFkk isM& + ikSèkksa ds :i esa iz—fr }kjk fn, x, [kk| migkjksa ls viuk isV Hkjrs gSAa xksM a + tutkfr ds yksx fu;fer Hkkstu ds :i esa ist [kkrs gSAa pkoy dks [kwc lkjs ikuh esa mckydj Åij ds pkoy fefJr xk<+s ikuh esa ued Mkydj fi;k tkrk gSA bl is; dks ist dgrs gSAa ;g rjy inkFkZ xksM a k+ as dk ize[q k o LokLF;dj Hkkstu gSA ,d vU; tutkfr lgfj;k ds Hkkstu dk o.kZu bl izdkj gS&^^uheM+k ?kj ls eDds dh jksVh] vkyw dk lkx vkSj xqM+ ds xqyxqys cukdj nks fnu ckn vius xk¡o ls ck?k vk;kA**35 ^lwdh c;M+h* esa uheM+k lgfj;k tutkfr dk gksus ds dkj.k egq, dh 'kjkc ds lkFk jksVh&lCth dk lsou djrk gSA vius ca/kd csVs ds fy, Hkh og eDds dh jksVh vkyw dh lCth rFkk xqM+ ds xqyxqys ysdj tkrk gSA blls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd lgfj;k tutkfr ds yksx [ksrh djrs gSAa ;s yksx Tokj] cktjk] eDdk vkSj pus dk mi;ksx fu;fer Hkkstu ds :i esa djrs gSAa bl vFkZ esa nwljh mu tutkfr;ksa ls fHkUu gSa ftudh vkthfodk iw.kZr% taxyh ouLifr vkSj f'kdkj ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gSA

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tknw&Vksuk] Hkwr&isrz % igys Hkh izlx a o'k vkfnoklh tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ds yksd fo'oklksa vkSj va/kfo'oklksa dk mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gSA f'k{kk ds izlkj ds vHkko ds dkj.k bu leqnk;ksa esa tknw&Vksuk] ra=&ea= vkSj Hkwr&isrz fo"k;d fo'okl vkSj lk/kuk,¡ vkt Hkh izpfyr gSAa foosP; dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ vkfnoklh ifjos'k ij dsfa nzr viuh dgkfu;ksa esa dqN LFkyksa ij muds bu fo'oklksa vkSj mipkjksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa ds fiNM+is u dk ,d dkj.k bl izdkj ds vaèkfo'okl Hkh gSAa ;Fkk&^^ml fnu dkdh crk jgh Fkh] egqvk dh cgw dh tpdh gqbZ rks tpdh dk [kwu vaxBw s ls ys tkdj mldh lkSry s h lkl us Vksuk dj fn;k] rhu fnu 36 esa gh VwVh ej xbZA** vkfnoklh vR;ar Hkksys LoHkko ds gksrs gSAa vKku vkSj vf'k{kk ds dkj.k tknw&Vksuk rFkk Hkwr&isrz esa os cgqr fo'okl j[krs gSAa mDr mnkgj.k esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd ;fn tpdh dk [kwu ysdj fdlh ds Åij Vksuk Qsd a fn;k tk, rks nks ;k rhu fnu ds ckn gh ml O;fDr dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA blh rjg vkfnokfl;ksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd ftu fL=;ksa ds flj esa cky ugha gksr& s os cgqr ^iaxuhu* vFkkZr~ Vksuk djus okyh gksrh gSAa ;Fkk&^^cM+h ds flj esa cky ugha gS] mldk jkt tc [kqyk rks og dk¡i lh xbZ] cM+h iaxuhu ¼VksUgh½ FkhA og jkr dks ?kj ls pyh tkrh vkSj ikS QVus ds igys vkneh dk [kwu ihdj ykSVrh FkhA dkdh dgrh Fkh] iaxuhu Nr ij ls Mksjh Mkydj lks, vkneh dh ukfHk ls [khapdj [kwu ihrh gSA tc vkneh dk [kwu ugha feyrk rc tkuojksa dk [kwu ihrh gSA iVsy crk jgk Fkk fd iwjs xk¡o esa rhu&pkj iaxuhu gSAa ;g yksx viuk dke fuiVkdj [kqys eSnku esa eLr gksdj [ksyrh gSAa buds eq¡g ls ykj Vidrh jgrh gSA lqudj jksx a Vs [kM+s gks x,A**37 ^Vksuk* dgkuh ds bl mnkgj.k esa ysf[kdk us tknw&Vksuk dk cgqr gh vn~Hkqr n`“; izLrqr fd;k gSA Vksuk djus okyh L=h jkr dks ?kj ls fudyrh gS vkSj ekuo jDr ihdj okil vkrh gSA ;g izokn izpkfjr gS fd ,slh vkSjrsa jkr esa lks, gq, O;fDr dh ukfHk esa Mksj Mkydj [kwu pwl ysrh gSAa ekuo jDr u feys rks os i'kq jDr dk iku djrh gaAS jDriku ds vuarj os ukprh xkrh gSAa muds eq¡g ls ykj Vidrh jgrh gSA bl mUeÙk u`R;&xk;u dks ^[ksyuk* dgk tkrk gSA Hkwr&isrz dks jksdus ds fy, rjg&rjg ds mik; fd, tkrs gSAa tSl& s ^^dkdh dgrh fd gj vyk&cyk ckgj ds vkus&tkus okys ds iSjksa ds lkFk ?kj esa izo”s k dj tkrh gSA izrs kRek vkx ls Mjrh gS] ngyht ij vkx ns[kdj fBBd tkrh gS vkSj ckgj jg tkrh gSA dkdh ds vkns”kkuqlkj vc dkdk dks ges”kk twrs ckgj mrkj dj vkuk iM+rk FkkA**38 ;gh dkj.k gS fd ngyht ij vkx tykus rFkk }kj ds ckgj gh twrs mrkjus dk fjokt izpyu esa vk;k gSA iwtk&ikB] nsoh&nsork % gj oxZ ds yksxksa dk viuk vyx&vyx /keZ o fo”okl gksrk gSA lcdh iwtk&ikB djus dh vyx&vyx i)fr gksrh gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh Hkh

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viuh&viuh iwtk&i)fr gksrh gSA ;Fkk& ¼v½ ^^[kEgkj xk¡o esa ckyh iwtk gksus okyh FkhA ogk¡ ij tksj&”kksj ls eM+bZ Hkh Hkjus okyh FkhA bl ckj ik¡p&N% lky ckn [kEgkj xk¡o esa ckyh cSBh Fkh cgqr /kwe FkhA vklikl ds vkSj nwj rd ls nsoh&nsorkvksa dk te?kV [kEgkj xk¡o esa yxuk 'kq: gks x;k FkkA Hkhek nso vkSj dksnuh ds C;kg ij ;g lekjksg gksrk gSA ;g iwtk djhc Ms<+ ekg rd NksVs iSekus ij gksrh gSA**39 ¼vk½ ^^yksx nar's ojh nsoh dks viuh /kku dh ckysa vkSj cdjs dh cyh p<+k jgs FksA ykank dh 'kjkc tksjksa ij py jgh FkhA ;qod&;qofr;k¡ NsM+ NkM+ djrs ukp jgs FksA lcds psgjksa ij vPNh Qly dk mYykl Hkjk FkkA os [kq'kh ls >we jgs FksA**40 foosP; dgkuhdkj esg#fUulk ijost+ us ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa dh eqfM+;k tutkfr esa Hkh Hkheknso dh iwtk cM+s gh /kwe/kke ls dh tkrh gSA blh iwtk dks ckyh iwtk dgrs gSAa [kEgkj xk¡o esa gksus okyh ;g iwtk izR;sd vkfnoklh ds eu esa J)k o mYykl dh Hkkouk tkx`r djrh gSA Hkheknso vkSj dksnuh ds fookg ds volj ij ;g iwtk dh tkrh gSA bl iwtk dh NksVh&NksVh jLes]a yxHkx Ms<+ eghus rd pyrk gSA ftl fnu Hkheknso dh ckjkr fookg ds fy, izLFkku djrh gS] mlds ckn gh vkfnoklh /kku dh cksokbZ djrs gSAa blh izdkj cLrj ds yksx nar”s ojh nsoh dh iwtk Hkh cM+s gh g"kZ o ln~Hkkouk ls djrs gSAa nar”s ojh nsoh dh iwtk ds le; os nsoh dks [kq”k djus ds fy, /kku dh ubZ Qly dh ckfy;k¡ o cdjs dh cfy p<+krs gSAa <ksy&uxkM+kas dh vkokt ls iwjk taxy x¡t w mBrk gSA vkfnokfl;ksa ds ?kksj u`R; ls /kjrh Hkh dk¡i lh tkrh gSA ;qod&;qofr;k¡ ,d&nwljs dks NsMr+ s gq, vkuan ysrs gSAa 'kjkc dh xa/k gok ds lkFk feydj okrkoj.k esa QSy tkrh gSA vPNh Qly dh iSnkokj dh [kq'kh ioZ esa cny tkrh gS vkSj iwjk taxy eaxye; gks mBrk gSA vfHkizk; ;g gS fd pkgs Hkheknso vkSj dksnuh ds fookg dk mRlo gks vFkok nar's ojh dh iwtk gks& nksuksa dk gh lac/a k fdlh u fdlh izdkj ubZ Qly ls gSA cksokbZ ls ysdj dVkbZ rd nsork vkSj nsoh dh izlUurk ds fy, gh ;s iwtk ikB vkfn ds vk;kstu fd, tkrs gSAa ioZ vkSj R;ksgkj % Hkkjr R;ksgkjksa dk ns'k gSA ;gk¡ fofo/k izdkj ds R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSAa vkfnokfl;ksa ds Hkh dqN ize[q k R;ksgkj gSAa gj R;ksgkj ds ihNs dksbZ u dksbZ dFkk ;k jgL; vo'; gksrk gS ftls Lej.k j[kus ds fy, R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSAa vkfnokfl;ksa dk ^nsgjh dh [kkfrj* ,slk gh ,d R;ksgkj gS& rkjk R;ksgkjA mldh ppkZ bl izdkj vkbZ gS ^^dkdh] vkt iquh gS u] rkjk R;ksgkj gSA uUgha cfPp;ksa dk ;g I;kjk rkjk xhr tks vkt Hkh mlds jkse&jkse esa clk gSA lkjh jkr og yksx Vksyh esa njokts njokts tkrha vkSj pkoy] iSlk bdV~Bk djrhaA iwuh dk pk¡n cPpksa ds bl R;ksgkj ds fy, viuh lkjh jks'kuh

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/kjrh ij fcNkdj [kq'k gksrkA ;s uok&[kkuh dk R;ksgkj] Qly dVus ij cLrj ds xk¡o&xk¡o esa euk;k tkrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ xqfM+;k Vwdus esa ltkdj tyrk nh;k j[k fudyrh gSAa ogha yM+ds jax&fcjaxk Hks"k cukdj] ^Nsj&Nsj ukprs gSa vkSj pkoy vkSj iSlk bdV~Bk djrs gSAa fQj bl bdV~Bk fd, pkoy vkSj iSls ls fidfud eukbZ tkrh gSA**41 blh izdkj ^taxyh fgjuh* esa ^fn;kjh R;ksgkj* dk mYys[k gS&^^fn;kjh R;ksgkj ikl vk x;kA /kku dVus yxsA ;qod&;qofr;ksa ij eLrh Nk xbZA lcus tksjksa ls rqidh cukuk pkyw dj fn;kA iSuh vkSj rh[kh] ftlls dldj pksV yxsA pkjksa rjQ [kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+ xbZ FkhA og /kwe epkbZ fd isM+ ds i{kh ?kcjkdj mM+ x,A ;qod] ;qofr;ksa ds vèkuaxs 'kjhj ij rqidh dk fu'kkuk yxkrsA ;qorh ^mnw*Z djrh vkSj vk¡[kksa esa 'kjkjr fy, [kqn Hkh ;qod dks ekjus dk fu'kkuk yxkrh] ij rc rd lkeus ls fQj rqidh QVkQV pyrh vkSj og gkj&lh tkrhaA**42 mi;qDZ r nksuksa mnkgj.kksa esa ysf[kdk us vkfnokfl;ksa ds nks ize[q k R;ksgkjksa ds ckjs esa crk;k gSA rkjk R;ksgkj cLrj ds izR;sd xk¡o esa euk;k tkus okyk g"kksYZ ykl dk ioZ gSA ;g iwf.kZek ds fnu euk;k tkrk gSA cLrj ds yksx tc [ksrh ls QqlrZ ik tkrs gSa vukt dks ?kjksa esa lqO;ofLFkr j[k ysrs gSa rc u, vUu dh iSnkokj dh [kq'kh esa ;g R;ksgkj eukrs gSAa bl fnu xk¡o dh NksVh&cM+h yM+fd;k¡ ck¡l dh Vksdjh esa gkFk ls cuk, x, diM+s dh xqfM+;k dks ltkdj] mlh Vksdus esa tyrk gqvk nhid j[kdj] lf[k;ksa dh Vksyh cukdj ?kj&?kj tkrh gaS vkSj izR;sd ?kj ls mUgas #i, o vukt fn;k tkrk gSA nwljh vksj yM+ds Hkh os'k cnydj xk¡o ls #i, o vukt bdV~Bk djrs gSAa ckn esa bdV~Bk fd, x, iSlksa o vukt ls taxy esa fidfud eukbZ tkrh gSA ^rkjk* R;ksgkj dh rjg gh ^fn;kjh* Hkh Qly dk gh R;ksgkj gSA bls Hkh Qly dkVus ds le; euk;k tkrk gSA lky Hkj dh dM+h esgur ds ckn tc Qly ds :i esa iwt a h feyrh gS rks eu dh izlUurk dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, vkfnoklh [kq'kh eukrs gSa vkSj ;gh [kq'kh ioZ esa ifjf.kr gks tkrh gSA R;ksgkj ds le; ;qod&;qofr;ksa ij ekSle dk u'kk Nk tkrk gSA lc rqidh cukuk 'kq: dj nsrs gaAS rqidh ydM+h }kjk cuk;k x;k rhj gksrk gSA ;qod&;qofr;k¡ ,d&nwljs ij rqidh ls okj djrs gSAa mudh NsM+ NkM+ o 'kjkjr ls R;ksgkj vkSj Hkh jaxhu cuk nsrk gSA fn;kjh dh [kqekjh lc ij NkbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA pkjksa vksj 'kksjxqy] [kq'kh o meax dk ekgkSy cu tkrk gSA esyk % iwtk ikB vkSj ioZ R;ksgkjksa ds lkFk gh yksdksRlo vkSj esyksa dk Hkh vkfnoklh laL— fr eas egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA esys lkoZtfud euksjt a u [kjhnkjh vkSj esy&feyki dk volj iznku djrs gaAS buesa nwj&nwj ls O;kikjh ,oa n'kZd vkrs gSa rFkk oLrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; djrs gaAS gekjs ns'k esa vf/kdrj esys fdlh nsoh&nsork dh Le`fr vFkok iwtk dh n`f"V ls euk, tkrs gSAa izR;sd esys ds ihNs dksb& Z u&dksbZ vkarfjd dkj.k fNik jgrk gSA esg#fUulk ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa ds fofo/k esyksa dk fp=.k fd;k x;k

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gSA ^lwdh c;M+h* dgkuh dk fuEu mnkgj.k bl lanHkZ esa n`"VO; gS&^^HkxkSfj;k gkV yxh FkhA cw<& s+ toku vkSj cPps&lcds pgjs ij izlUurk FkhA yksx lqcg ls HkxkSfj;k gkV tkus ds fy, lt jgs FksA ?kj&?kj ls <ksy fudy x, FksA <ksy dks Fkksd&ctkdj nq#Lr dj jgs FksA rhj] deku] ryokj&rjd'k] ck¡ljq h vkSj eksjY;k fudkydj lc /kkj.k dj jgs FksA xk¡o ds okrkoj.k dks ns[k yx jgk Fkk tSls ;q) eas tkus ds fy, lsuk lt jgh gksA ;qodksa dh ukpus okyh Vksfy;k¡ vyx&vyx viuh rS;kjh esa yxh FkhaA lkjs xk¡o rFkk bykds esa ,d mRlo dk okrkoj.k FkkA HkxkSfj;k dh izlUurk gj eq[k ij fojkteku FkhA ukpus okys ;qodksa us viuh jaxhu ixfM+;ksa esa NksVh&NksVh tkequ dh Vgfu;k¡ eqdVq dh rjg ltk j[kh FkhaA iSjksa esa ?kq?¡ k: c¡/ks FksA ;qofr;k¡] ;qodksa dk lkSna ;Z fNi&fNidj fuj[k jgh FkhaA**43 HkxkSfj;k ioZ gksyh ds ckn euk;k tkrk gSA esys ds izfr yksxksa dh mRlqdrk lIrkg Hkj igys ls gh c<+ tkrh gSA HkxkSfj;k gkV yxus ij cPps] ;qod lHkh esa fo'ks"k izlUurk NkbZ jgrh gSA bl R;ksgkj esa vkfnoklh ukp&xkuk Hkh [kwc djrs gaS vkSj blds fy, ok| lkexzh tSl& s <ksyd] ck¡ljq h vkfn dks igys ls gh ns[k&ij[k ysrs gSAa rhj&rjd'k dh Hkh vktekb'k gksrh gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh jaxksa ds izfr vuqjfDr vR;ar rhoz gksrh gSA bu jaxksa dks iz—fr ls gh izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA rhj&rjd'k vkSj ixM+h esys ds fy, bl rjg ltk;k tkrk gS ekuks esyk ugha dksbZ ;q) gksA u`R; esa Hkkx ysus okys ;qod vyx Vksfy;k¡ cukdj rS;kjh djrs gSa tks ;qofr;ksa ds fy, Hkh ftKklk dk fo"k; gksrk gSA HkxkSfj;k gkV esa u`R; esa Hkkx ysus okyh Vksyh dks xsgj dgk tkrk gSA muds meax&mRlkg rFkk vkdqyrk dk o.kZu ysf[kdk us dqN bl izdkj fd;k gS& ^^lkjs okrkoj.k esa <ksy dh Fkki vkSj ck¡ljq h ds e/kqj Loj us tknw&lk dj fn;k FkkA gj O;fDr eqX/k FkkA ukpus okys ;qodksa dh xsgj Vksfy;k¡ vkeus&lkeus iM+ tkrh rks ftldk <ksy nsj rd ctrk mls tkus ds fy, igys ekxZ feyrk FkkA xsgj Vksfy;ksa ds ihNs rek'kchu yksxksa dk etek yxk FkkA xsgj Vksfy;ksa ds ;qodksa us rjg&rjg ds Lok¡x jps FksA dksbZ L=h dk os”k /kjs Fkk] dksbZ tkuoj dk :i /kjs FkkA dksbZ cq<y + k cuk FkkA cq<y + k ds gkFk esa ewly Fkk tks rjg&rjg dh dykckft;k¡ fn[kkdj yksxksa dks g¡lk jgk FkkA**44 xsgj Vksfy;k¡ yksxksa dk euksjt a u djrh gSAa HkxkSfj;k gkV esa izo's k ds fy, vkeus&lkeus nks xsgj Vksfy;k¡ fHkM+ tkrh gSa rks fotsrk dk QSlyk <ksyd dh Å¡ph Fkki vkSj nh?kZ vof/k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA blesa Hkkx ysus okys ;qod fofoèk :i /kkj.k djrs gSAa tSl& s dksbZ L=h curk gS rks dksbZ i'kq dk os'k /kkj.k djrk gS rFkk dksbZ cw<y + k cudj rjg&rjg dh dykckft;k¡ djds lcdk eu cgykrk gS vkSj [kwc g¡lkrk gSA HkxkSfj;k gkV dh ize[q k fo'ks"krk gS fd blesa dqo¡ kjh dU;k,¡ Lo;a viuk oj pqudj yM+ds ds lkFk Hkkx tkrh gSAa ;qod ;qofr;ksa ds Åij xqyky Qsd a rs gSAa ;fn ;qorh Hkh xqyky yxk ns rks bldk vFkZ ;g le>k tkrk gS fd mlus ml ;qod dks vius thou lkFkh

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ds :i esa pqu fy;k gSA ;Fkk&^^Fkksjk] gksjk vkSj Qwyk viuh lf[k;ksa ds lkFk <ksy dh Fkki ij ukprs&yqHkkrs ;qodksa dks ns[kdj izlUu gks jgh FkhaA ck¡ljq h ds ehBs cksy iwjs gkV esa xwt ¡ jgs FksA u`R; ds ckn eqVB~ h esa xqyky fy, ;qod viuh euilan yM+fd;ksa dh rjQ c<+s rks yM+fd;ksa us lgedj vius eq¡g ?kw¡?kV esa fNik fy,A dbZ yM+fd;ksa us ;qodksa dk lkFk fn;kA mudk xqyky Lohdkj dj [kqn Hkh xqyky yxkus yxhaA g"kZ /ofu ls pkjksa vksj izlUurk Nk xbZA xqyky dk vknku&iznku djus okys ;qod rFkk ;qofr;k¡ vius tksMs+ cukdj gkV ls Hkkx x,A ;qod rFkk ;qofr;k¡ 'kDdj dh fo'ks"k izdkj dh cuh feBkbZ ^ekte* [kkdj vkuan euk jgs FksA ns[krs&gh&ns[krs tkus fdrus tksMs+ HkxkSfj;k gkV ls Hkkx x,A**45 HkxkSfj;k gkV ls Hkkxus okys dqN tksMk+ as dk fookg gksrk gS rks dqN dk ughaA bl lac/a k esa fooj.k ^lwdh c;M+h* esa fn;k x;k gSA ;Fkk&^^gekjs le; esa Nksjh] Nksjs ds lax Hkkx tk, rks Nksjh dk ckiw Nksjs ds ?kj rhj vkSj pksyh iBkrk gSA ;g ,d lan's k gSA Nksjs ds ckiw us pksyh j[kdj rhj okil dj fn, rks tk.kksa C;ko iDdks vkSj rhj j[kdj pksyh fQjk nsos rks le>ks] yM+kbZ epsxhA yM+dh okil ykuh iM+x s hA nksuksa esa Hkkjh ;q) fNM+ 46 tkosxksA** Li"V gS fd yM+dh ds firk }kjk isfz "kr pksyh tgk¡ fookg ds fy, nksuksa i{kksa dh lgefr dk izrhd gS] ogha mls ykSVk dj rhj j[k ysuk vlgefr vkSj la?k"kZ dk izrhd gSA bl esys dks ysf[kdk us iz.k; ioZ dh laKk nsrs gq, bldk fooj.k bu 'kCnksa esa izLrqr fd;k gS&^^lkjs gkV esa uhyh&ihyh] yky&lQsn] dslfj;k ixfM+;ksa dh NVk ns[krs cu jgh FkhA lkjs ny ,d&nwljs dks xqyky yxkdj HksVa dj jgs FksA ,d&nwljs dks Vhdk yxk jgs FksA jax&fcjaxs ifj/kku ls fdlh jaxhu fp= dk n`”; mifLFkr gks jgk FkkA ck¡ljq h ds Loj esa fuosnu] isez vkSj mRlkg Hkjk FkkA iz.k; ioZ dk izkjaHk <ksy vkSj ekny dh Fkki ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA lts&l¡ojs ;qod c¡lh vkSj <ksy dh Fkki ij eLr gksdj ukp jgs FksA egqvk dh enekrh xa/k okrkoj.k dks eneLr cuk jgh FkhA vkdk”k ij iwue dk uok¡ pk¡n eqldjk jgk FkkA BaMh vkSj 'khry c;kj vkdj xqnx ~ nq k jgh FkhA**47 esyk eu dks lq[k iznku djus ds fy, vkrk gSA jkst dh fnup;kZ ls Åcdj euq"; tc ,d lkFk ,d txg ,df=r gksdj vkuan eukrs gSa rks] iz—fr Hkh bl g"kksYZ ykl esa 'kkfey gks tkrh gSA ixM+h iq#"kksa ds lEeku dk izrhd gS] blhfy, lc esys ds volj ij jaxhu ixM+h /kkj.k djrs gSAa muds fofo/k jax vkfnokfl;ksa dh lgt jax&#fp dks n'kkZrs gSAa izR;sd O;fDr ,d nwljs dks jax yxkdj] xys feydj viuh izlUurk vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA ck¡ljq h vkSj ekny ds Loj fourh] isez vkSj g"kZ dh lefUor vfHkO;atuk djrs izrhr gksrs gSAa bl lgt xhr&laxhr] xk;u rFkk u`R; esa Hkksy& s Hkkys vkfnoklh viuh fu'Ny fu’diV Hkkoukvksa dks izk—frd vfHkO;fDr;k¡ iznku djrs gSAa vkfnoklh esyksa dk lai.w kZ okrkoj.k cM+k gh ljy o vkd"kZd gksrk gSA cLrj ds ukjk;.kiqj ds esys dk o.kZu ^dkuhckV* esa fd;k x;k gS & ¼v½ ^^ukjk;.kiqj dh eM+bAZ ek¡ jh D;k /kwe&/kke Fkh ml cjl! pha iks ds ekjs vkokt

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lqukbZ ugha iM+ jgh FkhA iwjs rhu cjl ds ckn ml lky cf<+;k Qly gqb]Z blhfy, xk¡o ds xk¡o meM+ iM+s Fks ukjk;.kiqj eM+bZ ds fy,A ft/kj Hkh n`f"V tkrh] vkneh&gh&vknehA enZ] vkSjrsa vkSj cPpsA rjg&rjg dh jaxhu lkfM+;k¡A**48 ¼vk½ ^^eM+bZ tgk¡ xk¡o&xk¡o ls yksx [kjhnnkjh djus vkrs gSa ogha feyuLFky Hkh gSA cjlksa ls rjlh vk¡[ksa HkhM+ ds jsys dks phjrh b/kj&m/kj cgddj fcNM+s izes h dks [kkst jgh FkhaA izhr dh pksV [kkbZ vk¡[ksa QVQVk&QVQVk dj vius lkfFk;ksa ls cgddj ihNs HkVd jgh FkhaA cjlksa ls fcNqMs+ vius ek;ds ds vkneh ls feyrh vkSjrsa [kM+h jks jgh FkhaA cki ds da/kksa ij p<+dj vk, cPps dkxt dk pkj vkusokyk udyh p'ek yxk, cM+h cslcjh ls ns[k jgs FksA**49 bl fooj.k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ukjk;.kiqj ds esys esa nwj LFkkuksa ds O;kikjh rjg&rjg ds lkeku ysdj vkrs gSAa n'kZdksa dk 'kksjxqy <ksyd dh Fkki] ck¡ljq h dh y;&bu lc dh /ofu esys dh lqna jrk dks vkSj c<+krh gSA bl g"kksYZ ykl dk vk/kkj gS& o"kZ Hkjds dBksj ifjJe ds i'pkr izkIr vPNh Qly dh iSnkokjA [kjhnnkjh ds lkFk gh esys esy&feyki dk Hkh volj iznku djrs gSAa esys esa cgq,¡ ek;ds okyksa ls feydj vlhe lq[k dk vuqHko djrh gSAa izfs e;ksa ds fy, rks esyk loZfiz; ladrs LFky gksrk gh gSA HkhM+ dk ykHk mBkdj cgqr ls ;qok vius fy, tksMh+ nkj dks Hkh [kkstrs gSAa NksV& s NksVs cPps firk ds da/kksa ij cSBdj udyh p'ek yxk, iwjh nqfu;k dh [kwclwjrh viuh vk¡[kksa esa Hkj ysrs gSAa bl izdkj ds ;Fkk rFkk fooj.kksa ds dkj.k foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa ;FkkFkZ fp=.k dks izkekf.kdrk izkIr gqbZ gSA [ksydwn % nSfud thou dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls Åcdj euksjt a u ds fy, vkfnoklh [ksydwn ls Hkh viuk eu cgykrs gS]a ij esg#fUulk ijost+ dh dgkfu;ksa esa bldk mYys[k cgqr de izkIr gqvk gSA dsoy ^dkuhckV* esa eq¡njh [ksy dh ppkZ feyrh gS&^^T;ks& a T;ksa jkr esa xk<+kiu vkrk x;k R;ks& a R;ksa ;kSou vkSj :i ds fj'rs vkSj djhc gks x,A jkr Hkj ukp vkSj eq¡njh [ksy pyrk jgkA eq¡njh [ksy tks vDlj pk¡nuh jkrksa esa [ksyk tkrk gSA og vkt [ksyk x;kA lc ?kqVuksa ij gkFk j[kdj cSB tkrs gSAa dksbZ ,d v¡xBw h fNik ysrk gS vkSj yM+dh pksj cuh vk¡[kksa ls VVksy&VVksydj <w¡<r+ h gS fd eq¡njh fdlds ikl gS] ;g cM+k gh mRlkgh vkSj fiz; [ksy ekuk tkrk gSA**50 bl izdkj ysf[kdk us vkfnoklh ifjos'k ds fp=.k dks ;FkkFkZrk iznku djus ds fy, viuh dgkfu;ksa esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh laL—fr ds :i esa yksdrRo dk lekos'k fd;k gS ftls LFkku&LFkku ij ?kVukpØ rFkk ys[kdh; fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA lanHkZ 1- bafnjk tks”kh] fganh miU;klksa esa yksdrRo] i`- 9 2- fl)kar dkSeqnh] i`- 417

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3- —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 36 4- —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 10 5- —".k nso mik/;k;] yksd laL—fr dh :ijs[kk] i`- 10 6- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 15 7- esg#fUulk ijost]+ xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 93&94 8- esg#fUulk ijost]+ xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 93&94 9- esg#fUulk ijost]+ xyr iq#"k] taxyh fgj.kh] i`- 97 10- esg#fUulk ijost]+ txkj] yky xqykc] i`- 112 11- ¼la-½ lq/khj oekZ] vkfnokfl;ksa dk Loj] i`- 11 12- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16 13- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 18 14- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 19 15- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`16- jktsna z voluh] n’kZuh; e/;izn's k] i`- 243 17- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 12 18- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 24 19- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 134 20- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 134 21- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 135 22- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 135 23- f'korks'k nkl] Hkkjr dh tutkfr;k¡] i`- 121 24- esg#fUulk ijost]+ Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 27 25- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 130 26- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131 27- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`28- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`29- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 09 30- esg#fUulk ijost]+ Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 18 31- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 09 32- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 11 33- ¼la-½ lqjnas z oekZ] vkfnoklh Loj] i`- 114 34- esg#fUulk ijost]+ taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 229 35- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 224 36- esg#fUulk ijost]+ Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 28 37- esg#fUulk ijost]+ Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 32 38- esg#fUulk ijost]+ nsgjh dh [kkfrj] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 122 39- esg#fUulk ijost]+ Vksuk] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 132 40- esg#fUulk ijost]+ taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 230 41- esg#fUulk ijost]+ nsgjh dh [kkfrj] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 123 42- esg#fUulk ijost]+ taxyh fgj.kh] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 230 43- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131 44- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 131&132 45- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 132 46- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 133 47- esg#fUulk ijost]+ lwdh c;M+h] lej] i`- 132&133 48- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16&17 49- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 16&17 50- esg#fUulk ijost]+ dkuhckV] esjh cLrj dh dgkfu;k¡] i`- 22

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Tkksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;ksa esa tutkrh; ifjos'k & vuq dqekjh euq"; lkekftd çk.kh gksus ds dkj.k vdsyk jguk ilan ugha djrk gSA cqf)thoh gksus ds dkj.k og vU; çkf.k;ksa ls lgk;rk ysrk gSA NksVh&cM+h l¡LFkk,¡ cukrk gSA bu lc laLFkkvksa esa ifjokj dk LFkku loksiZ fj gSA ifjokj gh lkekftd thou dk çFke Lrj gSA eSdkboj vkSj ist ds vuqlkj Þifjokj ,slk lewg gS ftlesa lhfer] la;fer ,oa lkekftd fu;eksa }kjk fu;af=r ;kSu lac/a kksa dk fuokZg gksrk gSAß1 okLro esa ,d lewg gS ftldh igpku ifjokj gksrh gSA lkekU; fuokl] vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj larkuksRifÙk ds vk/kkj ij gksrh gSA olZ ds vuqlkj Þifjokj ekrk&firk vkSj cPpksa dk ,d NksVk lk lkekftd oxZ gSAß2 bl çdkj ifjokj esa oSokfgd lac/a k] lkekU; fuokl] LFkku] ifr&iRuh rFkk ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa ds chp jä lac/a k] oa'kkoyh vkSj oa'k dk uke vkfFkZd ,oa lqj{kk ds dk;Z] larkuksRifÙk ,oa larku dk ykyu&ikyu] fookg rFkk vU; lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd dk;ksZa dk ,d çdkj dk gksuk vko';d gSA v#.kkpy çns'k ds tutkrh; leqnk;ksa esa ifjokj dk viuk egRo gSA la;ä q ifjokj bl leqnk; dh çeq[k fo'ks"krk gSA ,d ?kj esa ifr&iRuh] cPps] cgw] iksr& s iksfr;k¡] pkpk&pkph rFkk muds cPps vkfn jgrs gSAa ijarq ;s yksx vyx&vyx pwYgksa dk bLrseky djrs gSAa ,d pwYgs esa os viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj Hkkstu bR;kfn rS;kj djrs gSAa [ksrh&ckM+h Hkh vyx&vyx gksrh gSA [ksrh vyx&vyx gksus ij Hkh os ,d nwljs dh lgk;rk djrs gSAa muesa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dwV&dwV dj Hkjh gksrh gSA ;fn os ,d&nwljs dk lg;ksx ugha djrs gSa rks ifjokj ds cqtx q Z mUgsa Mk¡Vrs vkSj le>krs gSAa M‚- tksjke ;kyke ukcke dh dgkfu;k¡ blfy, vfHkuo vkSj egRoiw.kZ gSa fd buesa v#.kkpy çns'k ds tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ds ifjos'k dh LokuqHkwfrijd >k¡dh çLrqr dh xbZ gSA ^lk{kh gS ihiy* dgkuh esa rktqe ik¡p 'kkfn;k¡ djrk gS vkSj ik¡pksa ifRu;ksa ls ik¡p iq= iSnk gksrs gSa ftuds uke gSa rkiw] rkyw] ,sik] [kksnk vkSj rkrksA lHkh cPps [kwc eLrh djrs gS]a D;ksfa d ik¡pksa ek¡ lHkh cPpksa ls [kwc I;kj djrh gSAa ,d gh yack ?kj vkSj mlesa lHkh ifRu;ksa ds vyx&vyx pwYgsA cPpksa ds rks cl ets gh etsA bruh lkjh ek,¡ tks Fkha mUgsa I;kj djus ds fy,A ,d us [kkuk ugha fn;k] rks nwljh us f[kyk fn;kA ,d us ekjk rks nwljh us I;kj fd;kA firk jkr dks igyh choh ds lkFk gh fn[krs] ijarq lqcg nwljh] rhljh ;k fQj pkSFkh ds lkFk fn[k tkrsA cPps ldidkus yxrs] os vk¡[ksa ehp&ehp dj mUgsa ns[kus yxrsA3 ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks* esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd vkfeu ds firk dh e`R;q ds ckn

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mldh ek¡ us nwljh 'kknh dj yh FkhA rc cM+s HkkbZ firk cu x,] cpiu Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk çse ls chrkA vkfeu ds thou esa cgqr lkjh ijs'kkfu;k¡ vkrh gS]a ysfdu og fdlh Hkh ijs'kkuh ls ugha Mjrh gS] fQj Hkh mls vlQyrk gh gkFk yxrh gSA4 ^dkes'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k* esa dkes'oj paik ls 'kknh djrk gSA mls og crkrk gS fd] nqfu;k esa mldk dksbZ ugha gS]a ysfdu dqN fnu ckn ,d vkSjr vkrh gS vkSj dgrh gS ;s esjk vkSj dkes'oj dk cM+k yM+dk gS] ;g bldh choh vkSj os buds nks cPpsA bl rjQ ns[kks] ;s gekjk NksVk yM+dk gSA bl çdkj ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ysf[kdk us v#.kkpyh tutkrh; leqnk;ksa ds ifjokjksa esa çpfyr la;ä q ifjokj] iq#"klÙkkRed ikfjokfjd O;oLFkk] cgq iRuh çFkk] cM+h iRuh dh çHkqrk] NksVh ifRu;ksa dh =klnh vkSj ifjokj esa larkuksa dh fLFkfr dks foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa Hkyh çdkj ls n'kkZ;k gSA tutkrh; lekt ds lHkh cPps&cw<s+ dke djrs gSAa [ksrh budk eq[; dk;Z gS] dbZ yksx feydj ,d O;fä ds [ksr esa dke djrs gS]a nwljs fnu nwljs O;fä ds [ksr esa dke djrs gSAa [ksrksa esa vkiks³] [kkuk] ek¡l] vkfn [kkrs&ihrs gSAa L=h&iq#"k lHkh [kkrs ihrs gSAa fL=;k¡ x`gdk;Z ds vfrfjä flykbZ] cqukbZ] —f"k vkfn dk;Z djrh gSAa [ksrh dk mYys[k ^lk{kh gS ihiy* esa bl çdkj feyrk gS& ÞdqN nsj ckn rktqe cksyk] ^eSa e¡[kk vkSj ;kuk ds [ksr ij tk jgk gw¡] ftudks vkuk gks] vk tkukAß5 rktqe vkSj mudh ik¡p ifRu;k¡ lHkh feydj [ksrh djrs gS]a ftlesa /kku vkSj edbZ dh [ksrh vf/kd gksrh gSA muds ik¡p cPps ygjkrs /kku rFkk edbZ ds [ksr dh j[kokyh djrs gSAa [ksrksa dh mit ls ?kj ds lHkh dk;Z gksrs gSAa blh çdkj ^mldk uke ;kih Fkk* esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd Þfdlku cgqr [kq'k Fks fd vc tkdj o"kkZ jkuh i/kkjh gS /kjrh ijA lHkh esa vius&vius [ksrksa dks igys [kRe dj ysus dh tSls gksM+ lh yx xbZA xk¡o esa gypy 'kq: gks pqdh FkhAß6 v#.kkpy çns'k esa tutkfr;ksa dh eq[; :i ls —f"k dk;Z gS blfy, ogk¡ ij o"kkZ dk lcdks cslczh ls bartkj jgrk gS] vkSj ckfj'k gksus ls ogk¡ ds lHkh yksx cgqr çlUu gksrs gSAa ;gk¡ ;kih ds xk¡o okys Hkh cgqr [kq'k gS]a D;ksfa d ogk¡ ckfj'k “kq: gks pqdh FkhA lHkh vius&vius [ksrksa esa dke dj jgs Fks] iqj[kksa ds tehu dks laHkkydj j[krs gSa vkSj mlh ls viuk thou&;kiu djrs gSAa vU;= dgkuh ^;klks* esa ysf[kdk us tutkrh; lekt dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa cuus ds egRo dks la;ksftr fd;k gSA ;Fkk &Þlquks rkfeu] bl yM+dh dks viuh iRuh cukyksA vkus nksU;h dh ik ls gekjs ikl [ksrh&ckM+h cgqr gSA yM+dh Hkh esgurh gS gekjh enn gks tk,xh] ns[krs ugha] lcls cM+h Vksdjh esa Hkj&Hkj ds taxy ls eksVh&eksVh ydfM+;k¡ fnu esa ik¡p&Ng ckj ykrh gSAa ß7 rkfeu dh cM+h iRuh dgrh gS fd rqe ;klks ls 'kknh djyks] D;ksfa d ;gk¡ ij lHkh [ksrh gh djrs gSAa og gekjs dke esa gkFk c¡Vk,xh og esgurh Hkh gSA taxy ls ydM+h ykuk] [ksrh djuk mu yksxksa dk çeq[k dk;Z gSA

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^dkes'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k* 'kh"kZd dgkuh esa paik dh dFkk bl lanHkZ esa æ"VO; gS fd tutkrh; ifjokj dh vFkZO;oLFkk dSls pyrh gS Þ;s esjk vkSj dkes'oj dk cM+k yM+dk gSA ;g bldh choh vkSj os buds nks cPps] bl rjQ ns[kks ;s gekjk NksVk yM+dk gSA ;s [ksr ns[k jgh gks u] ;s gekjk gSA nksuksa HkkbZ feytqydj blesa [ksrh djrs gSAa lky esa rhl gtkj ;k dHkh&dHkh ipkl gtkj rks vk gh tkrs gSAa cM+h cgq lfCt;ksa dh nqdku yxkrh gS vkSj NksVh ?kj laHkkyrh gSAß8 paik tc dkes'oj ds ?kj okyksa ls feyrh gS rks og vius vkthfodk ds lk/ku ds ckjs esa crkrh gSA mlds ifjokj esa lHkh feytqydj çse ds lkFk jgrs gSAa tutkfr yksx vf/kdrj [ksrh ij gh fuHkZj gksrs gSAa muds vkthfodk dk lk/ku eq[; :i ls —f’k gh gSA cM+h cgq [ksrh ls mits lkx&lCth dh nqdku yxkrh gS rFkk cktkj esa csprh gSA [ksrh&ckM+h ds dke&dkt esa cgq,¡ gh vkxs jgrh gSAa ;Fkk& Þlkl ds lkFk [ksr ij tkus yxh] og eq>s [ksrksa dh gj ckr ckjhdh ls le>krh FkhAß9 ^eSa ;keh gw¡* esa ;keh ds ifjokj esa lHkh [ksrh djrs gSAa mudh vkthfodk ds lk/ku Hkh [ksrh gh gSA ;keh dks [ksrh djus ugha vkrh Fkh D;ksfa d mlus g‚LVy esa jgdj i<+kbZ dh FkhA mldh lkl us [ksrksa ds gj ckr ckjhdh ls le>kbZA blh çdkj ^unh* dgkuh esa Hkh taxy dh dVkbZ dk mYys[k feyrk gSA ;Fkk& Þ,d fnu lqcg&lqcg ek¡ rFkk firk th nwj [ksrh esa tkus dh rS;kjh djus yxsA vc >we [ksrh dk ekSle vk x;k FkkA taxyksa dh dVkbZ “kq: gks pqdh FkhA cPps cgqr cspuS Fks] D;ksfa d ek¡&cki nks&rhu fnu rd ykSVus okys ugha FksAß10 iqn³ q ds xk¡o esa Hkh yksx [ksrh&ckM+h djrs gS]a vkSj ogk¡ dk Hkh eq[; O;olk; [ksrh gh gSA ml [ksrh dk uke gS >we [ksrhA viuh vkthfodk ds fy, yksx nwj&nwj [ksrh djus tkrs gSa ,oa nks&rhu fnu rd ckgj gh jgrs gSAa bl rjg ls ge dg ldrs gSa fd v#.kkpy çns'k ds tks tutkfr;k¡ gSa mudh vkthfodk dk eq[; vkèkkj —f"k gSA os —f"k ij gh dsfa ær gksrs gS]a muds ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k —f"k ij gh vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA v#.kkpy çns'k dk tutkrh; lekt iq#"klÙkkRed lekt gS vFkkZr iq#"k ds gkFk esa vfèkdkj vkSj usr`Ro gSA bl iq#"klÙkkRed lekt esa L=h dh fLFkfr cgqr n;uh; vkSj lkspuh; gSA ysf[kdk tksjke ;kyke ukcke us foosP; dgkfu;ksa esa bl lekt ds ifjos'k dh çkekf.kd rLohj is'k dh gSA tSlk fd igys Hkh fy[kk tk pqdk gS fd] ogk¡ ds iq#"k pkj&ik¡p Hkh 'kkfn;k¡ dj ldrs gSAa mu yksxksa dh /kkj.kk gS fd iq#"k dh vf/kd 'kkfn;k¡ djuk muds /kuoku vkSj cqf)eku gksus dh lwpd gSA ^lk{kh gS ihiy* dgkuh esa rktqe uke ds tutkfr dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA vkSj ogk¡ ds ukjh] cPpksa ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA ÞcPpksa ds jksus dh vkokt [kwclwjr laxhr gS] ftl ?kj esa cPpksa ds jksus dh vkokt ugha vkrh] ogk¡ Hkwr viuk Msjk tek ysrk gS vkSj ml ifjokj esa chekjh jkt djrh gSAß11 rktqe dh ik¡pksa ifRu;k¡ cPpksa ls cgqr I;kj djrh gSAa cPps jksrs gSa rks rktqe ifRu;ksa dks Mk¡Vrk gS& Þvjs csodwQ vkSjr rqEgsa cPps pqi djuk Hkh ugha vkrkA tkus dc lh[ksxh ;sA muds jksus dh vkokt ls ek¡ dh vkokt T;knk rst gksuh pkfg,Aß12 ek,¡ cPpksa dks pqi 117@ ladYiuk 117@la

djkus ds fy, tksj&tksj ls xkus yxkrh gSAa ckgj ls vkus okys yksxksa dks dHkh&dHkh Hkze gksrk gS fd dqN v'kqHk t:j gqvk gS] ftlds pyrs ;s vkSjrsa jks jgh gSAa ysfdu cLrh dh lkjh vkSjrsa ,slk gh djrh FkhaA cPpksa ds >xM+s esa ;gk¡ rd ukScr vk tkrh gS fd vkSjrsa ,d nwljs ds cky [khapus vkSj ukspus yx tkrh gSAa bl ij rktqe ukjkt gks x;kA mlus nko gkFk esa fy;k vkSj mls ,d fofp= vankt esa ygjkrs gq, ukpus vkSj xkus yxk& Þvkfn firk rkuh dh vla[; ifRu;ksa esa Hkh bruk >xM+k ugha gqvk] jsr ls QSys muds oa'kksa esa Hkh bruk 'kksj ugha epkAß13 lHkh ifRu;k¡ rktqe ds xqLls ls pqi gks xbZ]a ysfdu tc rktqe dk xqLlk 'kkar gqvk rks fQj lHkh ,d&nwljs ij nks"kkjksi.k djus yxhA dksbZ dg jgh Fkh Þ>xM+s dk dkj.k rqe gksAß dksbZ dg jgh Fkh] ÞvPNk] esjs cky [khapus fdlus “kq: fd, Fks! fjuh lksp jgh Fkh] ^ekrk lw;Z rsjk yk[k&yk[k 'kqfØ;k rktqe vc [ksr tk pqds gSAa eSa pyrh gw¡ tYnh&tYnh muds ihNs] ojuk dksbZ vkSj pyh tk,xhA 'kke dks os ,d lkFk okil vk,] rks eSa ns[k ugha ldwx ¡ hA bl rjg ls ogk¡ dh fL=;ksa ds fy, iq#"k tks dgsx a s ogh ekuuk mfpr ekuk tkrk gSA çks- nsojkt ds 'kCnksa es& a ^^bu dgkfu;ksa ds cPps Hkh foy{k.k FksA vusd ekvks]a fdarq ,d gh iq#"k dh larku gksdj lkFk&lkFk jgrs] lksr]s [kkrs] f'kdkj djrs] [ksrh esa lgk;rk djrs] 'kSrkuh vkSj euksjt a u djrs rFkk viuh t:jrsa [kqn iwjh djus dks vkrqj gksrs gq,A ;s cPps flQZ vius firk ls Mjrs gS]a ek¡ ls dHkh ughaA cPps le>us yxs gSa fd mudk firk vyx&vyx fnu vyx&vyx ek¡vksa ds ikl tkrk gS] ysfdu muds eu esa dksbZ loky ugha mHkjrk] os tUe ls gh blds vH;Lr gks pqds gSAa ;g mudh lekt O;oLFkk dk vax cudj lfn;ksa ls blh rjg pyh vk jgh thou 'kSyh gS] tgk¡ f'k{kk igq¡p xbZ gS] 'kgjhdj.k dk çHkko iM+ x;k gS] ogk¡ bl pyu esa cnyko vk;k gSA cPps bl cnyko dks Hkh tkuus dh dksf'k'k dj jgsa gSAa ukuk&ukuh cPpksa ds fç; fj'rsnkj gksrs gSAa os vDlj ekrk ds euk djus ds ckotwn Hkkxdj ukuk&ukuh] ekek&ekeh] ekSlh ;k cqvk ds ?kj tkrs gS]a cPpksa dks buesa dbZ [kkus dh phtsa feyrh gSAa cPps vius pkpk&pkph ls vf/kd ek¡ ds fj'rsnkjksa ds djhc gksrs gSAa tutkrh; lekt esa L=h laifÙk ds :i esa vkrh gSA iq#"k ftl rjg ls j[kuk pkgs] j[k ldrs gSAa dHkh&dHkh firk csVh ds cnys feys feFkqu ls vius fy, ubZ iRuh Hkh ykrs gSAa U;h'kh lekt esa xk¡o dh vkSjrsa Lo;a viuh lkSru ykrh gSAa ;g mldh lkekftd çfr"Bk dks c<+krh gSA**14 ;fn L=h fdlh ds lkFk Hkkx tkrh gS rks ek;ds okys vU; csVh dks nsrs gSAa cPpksa dh çR;sd vko';drk dh iwfrZ ekrk gh djrh gS] pwf¡ d vf/kdrj iq#"k cgqiRuh okyk gksrk gSA vr% og lcdk [+k;ky Bhd çdkj ls ugha dj ikrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cPps ekr` dsfa ær gksrs gSAa orZeku esa f'k{kk us bl {ks= esa vk'p;Ztud lqèkkj fd;k gSA vkt U;h'kh fL=;k¡ tkx:d gks xbZ gSAa vc os vius vf/kdkjksa dk bLrseky djrh gSAa ^unh* esa ,d yksddFkk dk mYys[k gSA blesa iqn³ q vkSj mldh NksVh cgu dks iqn³ q dh ek¡ dgkuh lqurh gS fd fdl rjg ls gesa vius thou esa ,d nwljs ds çfr çse dh Hkkouk

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dks n'kkZuk pkfg, vkSj le; ij ,d nwljs dh enn Hkh djuh pkfg,A iqn³ q dh ek¡ us mls èkhjs&èkhjs ekykvksa dk egRo crkuk “kq: dj fn;kA dSls j[kuh pkfg, vkSj dc iguuh pkfg,A ekt] rky] nqfIiu dks fdl rjg lsj feêh esa j[krs gSAa mlesa fdrus iqj[kksa dh vkRek,¡ fuokl djrh gSAa fdl&fdl le; ij mlds fy, iwtk djuh pkfg, vkSj dc mls pkoy dk vkVk f[kykuk pkfg, bR;kfnA ,d fnu mlus [ksr esa ek¡ ds lkeus 'krZ j[kh fd tc rd mls dgkuh ugha lquk,xh] rc rd og ?kkl lkQ ugha djsxhA bl ij ek¡ us dgkuh “kq: dh& Þl`f"V ds vkjaHk esa nks cgusa çdV gqbAaZ tks igys çdV gqbZ Fkh mldk uke Fkk flU;h vkSj tks mlds ckn çdV gqbZ mldk uke Fkk fcU;hA nksuksa us ,d&nwljs ds chp xgjk çse vuqHko fd;kA mu nksuksa cguksa dks tks phtsa lcls igys fn[kha] os Hkh ?kkl vkSj vUu ds nks nkusA NksVh us ,d nkuk mBkdj [kk;k rks cM+h us dgk fd og nwljk [kk ysA ysfdu cM+h cgu ds eq¡g esa ?kkl dks ns[k dj ikuh vkus yxkA mlus nkus ds cnys ?kkl [kkbZA tSls gh ?kkl isV esa igq¡ph] og feFkqu cu xbZA ;g ns[kdj NksVh cgu mlls fyiV dj jksus yxhA ysfdu cM+h cgu dks taxy tkuk gh Fkk] tkuoj tks cu xbZ FkhA fonkbZ csgn nq[knkbZ FkhA cM+h us NksVh ls oknk fd;k fd og lnk mlds dke vk,xhA fookg esa nqYgu ds cnys feFkqu fy;k tk,xk vkSj >xM+s esa ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dh eqlhcr esa og gh viuh NksVh cgu ds dke vk,xhA blhfy, feFkqu vkSj yM+dh dh dher cjkcj gqbAZ xk¡o okys bl okns ij vkLFkk j[kuk dHkh ugha HkwyrsAß15 feFkqu ds çfr ek¡ us csVh ds eu esa ,d ckj fQj ls vkLFkk rFkk laLdkjksa dh dM+h tksM+ nh FkhA dgkuh lekIr gqbZ vkSj nksuksa ek¡&csVh g¡lrs gq, vkiks³ fi;kA bl rjg ls iqn³ q dh ek¡ nksuksa cguksa dks dgkuh lqukrh gS vkSj vkil esa çse ds lkFk jgus ds fy, lh[k nsrh gSA blh çdkj ^lk{kh gS ihiy* esa ,d yksd xhr dk lekos'k fd;k x;k gSA rktqe ds ik¡p cPps Fks] ik¡pksa cPps cgqr gh ets ls jgrs FksA dgha Hkh tkrs Fks rks lkFk esa tkrs FksA ,d fnu lHkh [ksr ij tk jgs Fks /kku dVkbZ dh j[kokyh djusA vc os [ksr igq¡p pqds FksA ,d gh epku ij lc tek gq, vkSj fQj ges'kk dh rjg fcuk dqN cksys ,d lkFk xkus yxs& Þ,d igkM+ ij gkFkh dk cPpk feyk mldk dku v#bZ ds iÙks lk nwljs igkM+ ij 'ksj dk cPpk feyk mldk dku ihiy ds iÙks lk rhljs igkM+ ij fgj.k dk cPpk feyk og Fkk I;kjk&I;kjk rkrks lk tks HkkbZ gekjk] ftldh cgrh ukdß16 blh çdkj ysf[kdk us crk;k gS fd fookg gksus ij yM+dh dh ek¡ ikjaifjd fonkbZ xhr xkrh gS& 119@ ladYiuk 119@la

^eSua s ekyk fijksbZ cM+h yxu ls] xys esa vius Mkyh bBykbZ I;kjh ekyk esjh VwV jgh vkt] xys esa fQj ls Mkyw¡ dSls viuh HkkfHk;ksa ls fny u nq[kokuk] muls u yM+okuk esjs I;kjs vkcksrkuh ds oa'kt gSa ge] rqe ykt j[kuk I;kjs nkekn gekjsA*17 mi;qä Z foospu&fo'ys"k.k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd foosP; dgkuh laxgz esa tutkrh; vkfnokfl;ksa ds ikfjokfjd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaL—frd ço`fÙk;ksa dk çkekf.kd vadu fd;k tkrk gSA lanHkZ 1- eSdkboj ,aM ist] lksf'k;ksykth] 2- ts-,u- pkS/kjh] v#.kkpy iSuksjek] i`- 84 3- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 4- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 27 5- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 15 6- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^mldk uke ;kih Fkk*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 44 7- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *;klks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 57 8- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *dkes'oj c#vk gyqok cu x;k*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 67 9- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *eSa ;keh gw¡*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 75 10- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] *unh*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 81 11- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 12- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 13 13- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 16 14- Ikzks- nsojkt] Hkwfedk] lk{kh gS ihiy 15- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^unh*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 80&81 16- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^lk{kh gS ihiy*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 18 17- M‚ tksjke ;kyke ukcke] ^D;k lp esa os dHkh feys Hkh Fks*] lk{kh gS ihiy] i`- 28

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catkjk yksd mRlo % rht & fot;y{eh catkjs vius iwot Z ksa ds ioks]aZ mRlo vkSj R;ksgkjksa dks cM+s /kwe&/kke ls fganw /keZ ds vuqlkj eukrs gSAa ioks]aZ R;ksgkjksa ls ekuo thou dks ijaijkxr thou thus dh izjs .kk izkIr gksrh gSA buds R;ksgkjksa esa eq[; gS& a vkV~e ¼mxkfn½] lhryk ¼catkjksa dh nsoh½A rht] nljkvks ¼n'kgjk½] nhokyh] laØkafr] gksyh vkfn gSAa rht catkjk tkfr dh d¡oq kjh yM+fd;ksa dk lcls fiz; mRlo ekuk tkrk gSA bl mRlo us ,d ozr dk :i /kkj.k dj fy;k gSA bls dkfrZd 'kqDy izfrink ls vxgu 'kqDy izfrink dh vof/k esa euk;k tkrk gSA ;g mRlo ftl fnu ls vkjaHk gksrk gS mlds nlosa fnu bldk lekiu gksrk gSA catkjksa esa mRlo eukus ds fo'ks"k jhfr&fjokt gSAa rht mRlo Hkh ijaijk ds vuqlkj gh euk;k tkrk gSA la/;k ds le; ;qofr;k¡ rkaMs ds uk;d ds ?kj tek gksrh gSAa ogk¡ ?kj ds vk¡xu esa muds ix ukp mBrs gSa vkSj daB ls xhrksa ds Loj QwV iM+rs gSAa muds xhrksa ds Hkko fny dks Nw tkrs gSAa uk;d vkSj cqtx q Z yksx xhrksa ls izHkkfor gksrs gSa vkSj rht mRlo ekuus dh ?kks"k.kk djrs gSAa bl ?kks"k.kk ls L=h&iq#"k lc >wew mBrs gSAa yM+fd;ksa dh [kq'kh dh lhek ugha jgrhA bl mRlo ds fy, lcls igys ck¡l dh NksVh&NksVh Vksdfj;k¡ RkS;kj dh tkrh gSAa ;s Vksdfj;k¡ ckjhd feV~Vh ls Hkjh tkrh gSAa ;g feV~Vh taxy ls ykus dh izFkk gSA csj ds isM+ ds uhps edkSMs+ ckjhd feV~Vh ds NksV& s NksVs <sj cukrs gSAa ,d fnu yM+fd;k¡ taxy esa tkrh gS]a csj ds isM+ dh iwtk djrh gSa vkSj ckn esa viuh Vksdjh esa ckjhd feV~Vh Hkjrh gSAa ogk¡ os ukprh gS]a xkrh gSa vkSj xhrksa esa edkSMk+ as ds izfr vkHkkj izdV djrh gSAa blhfy, fd ;g feV~Vh vf/kd mitkÅ gksrh gSA rht osaVuks ¼rht ck¡Vuk½ ^^vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h lsok Hkk;k Hkkanks;s VsMh ikdsMh ikdsMhek jksGks ;s rhtsjks Nax q yk vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h lqdk Hkk;k Hkkanks;s VsMks ikdsMh ikdsMhek jksGks;s ikVsjks Nwx a yk vanM s h canM s hek canM s h cksjM s h ikdsMhek jksGks;s rhtsjks Nwx a ykA Hkkjh >qM a esa pk¡n tSls ^lsok Hkk;k* ck¡/kk gqvk gS] VsMh ixMh ixMh esa jksik x;k gS] rht ds ikS/ks

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Hkkjh >qM a es]a pk¡n tSls ckiw ck¡/kk gqvk gS] VsMh ixMh ixMh esa jksik x;k gS rht ds ikS/ksA** bl volj ij rkaMs ds ckgj ,d eaMi rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA mlds uhps rht dh Vksdfj;k¡ j[kh tkrh gSAa blesa rkaMs dh izR;sd yM+dh dh ,d Vksdjh j[kus dk fo/kku gSA rhljs igj cLrh ds yksx ogk¡ tek gksrs gSAa ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ volj gksrk gSA bl volj ij dq¡okjh yM+fd;k¡ feV~Vh dh iwtk djrh gSAa blds ckn Vksdjh dh feV~Vh dks ikuh ls lhaprh gSa vkSj mlesa xsg¡w cht cksrh gSAa feV~Vh dh iwtk /kjrh dh iwtk le>h tkrh gSA catkjksa dh ijaijk esa /kjrh dks ekrk dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA yksx jkr Hkj xhr xkrs gSa vkSj [ksy [ksyrs gSAa ik¡posa fnu xsg¡w ds cht vadfq jr gksrs gSAa mUgsa izfr fnu nks ckj lhapk tkrk gSA bl gsrq yM+fd;k¡ rht eaMi ij tek gksrh gSa vkSj flj ij ?kM+s j[kdj ,d lkFk iu?kV dh vksj py nsrh gSAa os iu?kV ij [ksyrh gS]a dwnrh gSa vkSj Luku Hkh djrh gSAa diM+s /kksdj LoPN fd, tkrs gSAa fQj ty Hkjh xxjh ysdj py iM+rh gSAa muds xhrksa dh xw¡t ls okrkoj.k Hkh >we mBrk gSA bl rjg yM+fd;k¡ ikSèkksa dks nl fnu fuR; lhaprh gSa vkSj muds LokLF; dh dkeuk djrh gSAa oLrqr% rht dq¡okjh yM+fd;ksa ds fy, /kkfeZd ioZ gSA bl nkSjku os rht nsoh naMh dk ozr j[krh gSAa naMh lq[k] 'kkafr vkSj laiUurk dh nsoh ekuh tkrh gSA lkrosa fnu <acksyh dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA bl fnu ?kj esa yM~Mw curs gSAa yM~Mw ls nsoh dks Hkksx yxrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ bl fnu yM~Mw ysdj taxy esa tkrh gSa vkSj ogk¡ edkSMk+ as dks yM~Mw f[kykrh gSAa fQj os ogk¡ xksy ?ksjs esa cSBdj Hkkstu djrh gSAa bl fnu jkr Hkj ukp xkuk gksrk gSA ukSoas fnu x.kxkSjh dh LFkkiuk dh tkrh gSA feV~Vh ls cuh L=h&iq#"k dh la;Dq r izfrek dks ^x.kxkSj* dgk tkrk gSA bl izfrek dks f'ko&ikoZrh dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA catkjs f'ko&ikoZrh dh iwtk J)k ls djrs gSAa nlosa fnu rht dk foltZu gksrk gSA bl fnu izR;sd yM+dh viuh Vksdjh ls eqVB~ h Hkj ikS/ks ysrh gSa vkSj ik¡p&ik¡p ikS/ks ,d lkFk x¡wFkrh gSAa xq¡Fks gq, ikS/kksa dks Nwxyk dgrs gSAa yM+dh bls vius ifjtuksa dks HksVa nsrh gSAa yksd fo'okl gS fd bl HksVa esa nsoh dk ojnku izkIr gksrk gSA rhljs igj rksj.k [ksy [ksys tkrs gSAa blesa L=h&iq#"k] yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;k¡ lc Hkkx ysrs gSAa bldk vk;kstu ,d eSnku esa gksrk gSA dbZ [ksy [ksys tkrs gSAa lw;kZLr ds le; rkaMs ds vkl&ikl ds fdlh unh] ukys ;k rkykc esa rht dk foltZu fd;k tkrk gSA catkjksa dk ekuuk gS fd bl mRlo ls vk/;kfRed vkSj ekufld 'kfDr dh izkfIr gksrh gSA HkfDr vkSj J)k dk fodkl gksrk gSA ekuo dY;k.k dh lk/kuk gksrh gSA lanHkZ 1- Hkk"kk ygjh] d{kk 9] f}rh; Hkk"kk fganh] 2- Mk- oh- jkedksVh] catkjk yksdxhr ¼ladyu½] —".kos.kh izdk'ku] gSnjkckn

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cat a kjk tutkfr dk rht mRlo & fot;k pkankor catkjk ^rht* R;ksgkj ,d —f"k R;ksgkj ds :i esa eukrs gSAa ^rht* dk vFkZ gS ^gjk* ;k gjk ^Tokjk*A rht ekr`nos rk esjkek dk izfr:i gSA catkjksa dk fo'okl gS fd esjkek gj Qly dh j{kk djrh gSA rkaMk laL—fr ds vuqlkj rkaMs esa dksbZ Hkh mRlo eukuk gS rks rkaMs ds uk;d dh vuqefr vko';d gksrh gSA rkaMs dh yM+fd;k¡ lHkh feydj uk;d ds lkeus R;ksgkj eukus dh vuqefr ysrh gSAa ckn esa ;s xhr xkrh gS& a ydMhek lq vks ykcks js dUgS;ksyky rkaMjs ks uk;d vkpks js dUgS;ksyky csVhu rht cksjk;s js dUgS;ksyky daoq kjhjh vklhl ysyks js dUgS;ksyky R;ksgkj dh vuqefr feyus dh [kq'kh esa vius izHkq dUgS;kyky dks lacksf/kr djrh gSa fd rkaMs dk uk;d fdrus vPNs ân; dk gS& ^^cksjMh ds cksj [kkVs feBs cksj [kstjw dU;k >wedyk cksjMh ds csj >M er tk;sl vkoxs ikyR;k rksM ysxs cksjA** yM+fd;k¡ edksMk+ as ds izfr vHkkj izdV djrh gSa D;ksfa d muls mitkÅ feV~Vh feyrh gS& ?kaQyk ?kedksa isjl s js dUgS;ksyky ?kVuk gVks Qfj;s dUgS;ksyky ?kaQyk ?kedks Hkwfj;k okfy;ksa dUgS;ksyky ?kaQyk ?kedks galyks okfy;ksa dUgS;ksykyA** fL=;k¡ eksjuh tSlk u`R; djrh gSAa MaMh ;kMh cksjkbZ rht] ckbZjks iky.kksA iky.ks ekbZ lksujs Mksj ckbZjks iky.kksA lsokFkk;k cksjk;ks rht ckbZjks iky.kksA rhtsuk ;kMh vklhl nhuh ckbZjks iky.kksA MaMh ;kMh ¼esjkek½ rht dks lhaprh gS vkSj MaMh lksus dh ikydh esa cSBh MaMh ;kMh ^lsok Hk;k* rht dks vk'khlrh gSA ykach ykach;s ykacMh osxfs j;k >ksd a k [kkfj;s ykacMh osxfs j;k Qkadk QksfM;s ykacMh osxfs j;k ny ukfd;s ykacMh osxfs j;kA

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esjkek vkSj lsokyky dh ewfrZ;ksa dks cM+h esgur ls cukrs gSAa HkkbZ vkSj cgu esjkek ds lkSna ;Z ds ckjs esa o.kZu djrs gS& a <acksyh ysyks ls tkj.k ckbZ, fjl er dj , ls tkj.k ckbZ, <cksyh ys yks , ls tkj.k ckbZ,A esjkek vkSj lsokyky ds izlkn dks ^<acksyh* dgrs gSAa <acksyh vkBosa fnu dk dk;ZØe gksrk gSA bl dk;ZØe ls rht foltZu dh iwoZ rS;kjh djus dh lwpuk feyrh gSA <acksyh izR;sd ?kj esa cuk;k tkrk gSA yM+fd;k¡ nsoh dks Hkksx yxk dj izlkn lHkh yksxksa dks ck¡Vrs le; xhr xkrh gS& a ekjs irs ik.khjh , rht eksfV;kj Naxyk jkys fyns ekjh osyk&osykjh , rht eksfV;kj Nax q yk jkys fyns ekjh Hkkth ikysjh , rht eksfV;kj Nax q yk xys fynsA yM+fd;k¡ viuh I;kjh rht dh fonkbZ djrh gSAa ;g dgrs gq, fd LoPN ikuh ls rht us ifjiDork /kkj.k dj yh gS& njs Hkh;k pksMdyh nA uo nkMsjh Hkwfe ek rksuk isjus k ykfyRo njkaÅ njs Hkh;k pksMdyh n uo nksMjs h Hkwfd ek rkfj dkusek ckfy njkcwA njs Hkh;k pksMdyh n uo nkMsjh Hkwfd ek rkfj gkFksek dksYMk njkow yM+fd;k¡ vius HkkbZ;ksa ls dgrh gSa fd ukS fnu ls Hkw[kh HkS;k esjh pksMDyh nhft,A eSa vkidks iguus ds fy, iStkek vkSj dkuksa esa ckfy] gkFk ?kM+h fnyk nsrh gw¡& rw drsfr vk;ksjs lkafØ;k rykoks ekjh rhlsjh P;ksrh ys;h pkyh bxjk pkyh rw drsfr vk;ksjs nwfn;k rykoks ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyh rw drsfr vkbZ, O;kj.k xaxk ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyh rw drsrh vkbZ, dqna h dkanh :xyh ekjh rhtsjh T;ksrh ys;h pkyh Mxjk pkyhA yM+fd;k¡ rht dks ikuh esa foltZu djrs le; cgqr nq%[k ls ;g xhr xkrh gSAa rkykc ls iwNrh gSa fd&rw dgk¡ ls vkbZ gSA esjh rht dh T;ksfr ys pyh] pyh tk jgh gSA rw

124@ ladYiuk 124@la

dgkยก ls vkbZ cM+h ckoyh\ ekjks Mkdkyks lqus js xqxjq h xw --ek ikuh dsjijk jsMw js xqxjq h xw --ek drk ukpw js xqxjq h xw --ekjks Mkis<k lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh lkr.ks lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh uaxkjh lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh Hkko>s lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh uk;dk lqus js xqxjq h xw --ekjh bZj.s kk lqus js xqxjq h xw ---A rht dks ikuh esa foltZu djus ds ckn cgqr nq%[k ls ?kj ykSV vkrh gSaA

125@ ladYiuk 125@la

laL—fr foe'kZ Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedFkk & Mk- fotsna z izrki flag ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds dkO; esa Hkkjrekrk dh ladYiuk vkSj Lrqfr & vkyksd jkt lDlsuk fganh ukVdksa esa fo'oca/kqRo ,oa jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk & c`toklh xqIrk ukfljk 'kekZ ds miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* esa fgan& w eqfLye HkkbZpkjk & feuk{kh iz-vkj-dsdgkfu;ksa esa laL—fr % nkaiR; thou dk lanHkZ & vpZuk

126@ ladYiuk 126@la

127@ ladYiuk 127@la

Hkkjrh; rFkk fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedFkk & Mk- fotsaæ çrki flag Hkkjr o"kZ esa çpfyr vf/kdka'k fo/kkvks]a mifo/kkvksa ,oa dykvksa esa jkek/kkfjr lkfgR; miyCèk gSA ^^ewfrZdyk] fp=dyk] ok|dyk] u`R;dyk] laxhr dyk ds lzkrs f'ko ,oa O;kfIr jke gSAa jke fdrus /keksZa esa O;kIr gS]a ;g gekjs fy, vk'p;Z dk fo"k; gS& ckS)] tSu] ;ksx] v}Sr] osnkar] }Srer] oS".ko] 'kSo vkfn&vkfn ftrus Hkh Hkkjrh; /kekZLFkk ds fo"k; gS]a muesa jke loZ= gSAa lkfgR; vkSj mldh fofo/k fo/kk,¡&egkdkO;] xhfrdkO;] [kaMdkO;] ,dkFkZd] pai]w :id] mi:id] dFkk] nwrdkO;] f'y"V dkO; vkfn esa loZ= jke gSAa ** ¼;ksxæas çrki flag] 2009½A jke dkO;] dFkk vFkok jkek;.k egkdkO; dk Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; egRo çkIr gS vkSj mlds uk;d jke lai.w kZ ns'kokfl;ksa ds fy, loksPZ p vkn'kZ iq#"k gSAa Hkkjr ds vfrfjDr jkedFkk dks ;wjksi] vesfjdk] :l] phu rFkk tkiku vkfn esa Hkh i;kZIr lEeku çkIr gqvkA nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds dqN Hkkxksa esa mldh çfr"Bk tkrh; egkdkO; ds :i esa jgh gS] vkSj Hkkjr ds vkfLrd ifjokjksa esa rks bl dFkk ls lacfa /kr lHkh ik=ksa ds lkFk bruh lejlrk LFkkfir dj yh xbZ gS fd muesa ls çR;sd fdlh u fdlh :i esa muds futh thou esa lekfgr gks x;k gSA cgqr ls vkykspdksa us jkedFkk dks vkfn dfo dh dYiuk dk peRdkj ekuk gSA vusd o"kksZa rd bfrgkl vkSj iqjkrRo ds eeZKks]a lkfgR;&leh{kdksa vkSj J)kyq /kkfeZd&tuksa ds chp jkedFkk dh ,sfrgkfldrk dks ysdj cgl gksrh vk jgh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds iqjkrRo foHkkx us jkek;.k ls lacfa èkr dFkkvksa dh okLrfodrk dk irk yxkus ds mís'; ls lacfa/kr LFkyksa ij mR[kuu dk dk;Z fd;k ijarq lj;w vkSj xaxk tSlh ufn;ks]a ftudh dVko ds dkj.k le;≤ ij /kkjk esa ifjorZu gksrk jgk] ds fdukjs cls gksus ds dkj.k v;ks/;k esa ,d Hkh iqjko'ks"k ugha fey ldsA jkek;.kdkyhu LFkyksa lkdsr] v;ks/;k] tudiqj] Ük`x a jsoiqj vkSj yadk ds ewy LFkkuksa dks <w<¡ + fudkyuk rks vfr nq”dj gh gSA yadk dh fLFkfr ds lac/a k esa Hkh fo}kuksa esa erSD; ugha gSA gk¡] bl ckr ij çk;% fo'o ds fo}ku lger gSa fd jkedFkk dk ewy mRl okYehfd dh çtk gS ftlus vk[;ku ds ewy ;FkkFkZ esa dYiuk ds ia[k yxkdj mls bfrgkl&dkO; dk Lo:i çnku fd;kA jkek;.k ls iwoZ bl dFkk dk ladrs Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa fo|eku gksxk ijarq dksbZ Li"V çek.k miyCèk u gksus ds dkj.k leh{kd jkek;.k dk jpuk&dky 12oha ls 8oha 'krh bZlk iwoZ ekurs gSAa bl dFkk ls lacfa /kr nksuksa ckS) tkrd jkek;.k ds de ls de Ng lkS o"kZ ckn ds gSa tcfd tSu&iqjk.k dh dFkk yxHkx Ms<+ gtkj o"kZ ckn dh ekuh tkrh gSA okYehfd dk dky rks fufoZokn :i ls ikf.kfu ls iwoZ dk gSA tkrd dFkk,¡ nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ckS) fHk{kqvksa }kjk lquh lqukbZ ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij jph xbZ FkhaA jkek;.k dh jpuk rhu dFkkvksa dks ysdj iw.kZ gqbAZ igyh dFkk rks v;ks/;k ds jktegy dh gS] tks iwohZ Hkkjr esa çpfyr jgh gksxhA nwljh jko.k dh tks nf{k.k esa çpfyr jgh gksxh vkSj rhljh fdf"da/kk okujksa dh] tks oU; tkfr;ksa esa çpfyr jgh gksxhA vkfn dfo 128@ ladYiuk 128@la

us rhuksa dks tksMd + j jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA fdar]q mlls Hkh vf/kd laHko ;g gS fd jke] lpeqp gh ,sfrgkfld iq#"k Fks vkSj lpeqp gh mUgksua s fdlh okuj&tkfr dh lgk;rk ls yadk ij fot; ikbZ FkhA gky gh esa ;g vuqeku Hkh yxus yxk gS fd guqeku uke ,d æfoM+ 'kCn ^vk.keafn* ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ ^uj&dfi* gksrk gSA ;gk¡ fQj ;g ckr mYys[kuh; gks tkrh gS fd _xosn esa Hkh ^o`"kkdfi* dk uke vk;k gSA okujksa vkSj jk{klksa ds fo"k; esa Hkh vc ;g vuqeku çk;% xzká gks pyk gS fd ;s yksx çkphu foaè;&çns'k vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr dh vkfnoklh vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa ds lnL; Fks( ;k rks muds eq[k okujksa ds leku Fks] ftlls mudk uke okuj iM+ x;k vFkok mudh /otkvksa ij okujksa vkSj Hkkyqvksa ds fu'kku jgs gksx a As jkek;.k esa tks rhu dFkk,¡ gS]a muds uk;d Øe'k% jke] jko.k vkSj guqeku gSa vkSj ;s rhu pfj= rhu laL—fr;ksa ds çrhd gS]a ftudk leUo; vkSj frjks/kku okYehfd us ,d gh dkO; esa fn[kk;k gSA laHko gS] ;g ckr lp gks fd ^jke] jko.k vkSj guqeku ds fo"k; esa igys Lora= vk[;ku&dkO; çpfyr Fks vkSj blds la;ksx ls jkek;.k dkO; dh mRifÙk gqbZ gSA ftl çdkj vk;Z vkSj vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa ds èkkfeZd&laLdkjksa ls 'kSo /keZ dh mRifÙk gqbZ mlh çdkj oS".ko /keZ dh jkekJ;h 'kk[kk esa Hkh vk;sÙZ kj tkfr;ksa ds ;ksxnku gSA Hkkjr esa laL—fr;ksa dk tks fojkV leUo; ns[kk tkrk gS] jke&dFkk mldk vR;ar mTToy çrhd gSA çFker% ;g dFkk Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd ,drk dk çfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA ,d gh dFkklw= esa v;ks/;k] fdf"da/kk vkSj yadk rhuksa ds ca/k tkus ds dkj.k lai.w kZ Hkkjr blesa ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA f}rh;r% bl dFkk ij Hkkjr dh leLr çeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa jke dFkk ij vk/kkfjr xzFa kksa dh jpuk gqb]aZ tks vius&vius {ks= esa i;kZIr yksdfç; jgh gSa rFkk bUgha çpkj ds QyLo:i Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh ,d:irk esa cgqr laof` ) gqbAZ laL— r ds /kkfeZd lkfgR; esa jke&dFkk dk :i] vis{kk—r] de O;kid jgk fQj Hkh] j?kqo'a k] HkfêdkO;] egkohj&pfjr] mÙkj&jkepfjr] çfrek&ukVd] tkudh&gj.k] dqna ekyk] vu?kZjk?ko] ckyjkek;.k] guqekUukVd] v/;kRe&jkek;.k] vn~Hkwr&jkek;.k] vkuan&jkek;.k vkfn vusd dkO; çek.k gSa fd Hkkjro"kZ ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds dfo;ksa ij okYehfd&jkek;.k dk dkQh xaHkhj çHkko iM+kA tc vk/kqfud ns'k&Hkk"kkvksa dk dky vk;k rc ns'kh&Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh jkepfjr ij ,d&ls&,d mÙke i| ,oa x| xzFa k fy[ks x, vkSj vkfndfo ds dkO;&ljksoj dk uhj ihdj Hkkjr dh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa us Lo;a dks lai"q V ,oa le`) fd;kA rfey] rsyx q ]q ey;kye] dUuM] ejkBh] xqtjkrh] vksfM+;k] caxyk] iatkch] fla/kh] igkM+h] d'ehjh Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO; fy[ks x, gSa vkSj fy[ks tk jgs gSAa çk—r&viHkza'k esa jkedFkk jkedFkk dh yksdfç;rk us çk—r ,oa viHkz'a k dky esa Hkh lkfgR;dkjks]a nk'kZfudksa rFkk èkkfeZd laçnk;ksa ds çorZdksa dks viuh vksj vk—"V fd;kA yxHkx NBh ls ckjgoha 'krh rd mÙkj Hkkjr esa lkfgR; vkSj cksypky esa O;oâr çk—r dh mÙkjkf/kdkfj.kh Hkk"kkvksa dks viHkz'a k dgk x;kA mlds iwoZ ls gh çk—r esa rFkk mlds ckn viHkz'a k esa jkedkO;ksa dh jpuk gqbAZ 129@ ladYiuk 129@la

foeylwfj —r îme pfj;a* tSu leqnk; esa jkedFkk ds nks :i fn[kkbZ iM+rs gS]a çFke foeylwfj dh jke dFkk ijaijk rFkk f}rh; xq.k Hkækpk;Z dh ijaijkA Qknj dkfey cqYds ds vuqlkj foeylwfj us îme pfj;a* fy[kdj igys igy yksdfç; jke dFkk dks tSu /keZ ds lk¡ps esa <kyus dk ç;Ru fd;kA** ¼dkfey cqYds] jkedFkk] i`-50½A ^^lu~ 660bZ- jfo"ks.k us bldk laL—r :ikarj fd;k Fkk tks yksd esa în~epfjr* ds uke ls çfl) gSA**¼Lokeh djik=h th] jkek;.k&ehekalk] i`-129½ çojlsu —r ^lsrqca/k ;k jko.kogks* çojlsu }kjk jfpr ^lsrcq /a k ;k jko.kogks* ¼lsrcq /a k ;k jko.k o/k½ mR—”V dksfV dk jkeegkdkO; gSA blesa 1291 i| gSAa 'khykpk;Z —r ^jkey[ku pfj;a * ^jkey[ku pfj;a* ewyr% *imiUUegkiqfjl pfj;a* dk jkey[ku fpj;a vad gSA bldk jpukdky 9oha 'krkCnh gSA ¼M‚- —".knÙk voLFkh] Hkkjrh; ok³e; esa lhrk Lo:i] i`"B la- 125½A bl xzFa k ij dqN çHkko foeylwfj ijaijk dk gS rks dqN okYehfd iajijk dkA la?kkjke —r ôklqnsofgafM* bl xzFa k dh jpuk 500bZ-esa gqbAZ bl xzFa k esa loZçFke lhrk dks jko.k vkSj eanksnjh dh vkRetk ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k A xq.kHknzkpk;Z —r ^mÙkjiqjk.k* bl xzFa k esa la?kkjke —r ôklqnos fgafM* dh dFkk dk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k vkSj blesa Hkh lhrk dks jko.kru;k ds :i esa tuekul ds le{k çLrqr fd;k x;kA Hkæs'oj —r ^dgkoyh* bl xzFa k dh jpuk 11oha 'krkCnh esa gqbAZ ;g laf{kIr jkedFkk gSA Hkqourqax lwfj —r ^lh;k pfj;a* ,oa ^jkeyD[ku pfj;a* bl xzFa k dh dFkk tSu /keZ ds vuqlkj jph xbZA bl jpuk dk jpukdky 11oha 'krkCnh ds vkl&ikl ekuk tkrk gS vkSj ;g bl dfo dh çFke jkedkO; vk/kkfjr jpuk gSA ;g foeylwfj ds îme pfj;a* ls çHkkfor jpuk çrhr gksrh gSA f}rh; jpuk 11oha 'krkCnh esa jfpr ^jkeyD[ku pfj;a* gSA ¼Lokeh djik=h th] jkek;.k&ehekalk] i`"B la-130 ½A Lo;aHkw —r în~e pfjr* ¼ime pfjm½ laL—r] ikfy] çk—r vkfn Hkk"kkvksa esa jfpr jkedFkk dk çHkko dkykarj esa viHkz'a k esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA viHkz'a k ds çca/kkRed lkfgR; ds çfrfuf/k dfo Lo;aHkw ¼lR;Hkwnos ½ us îme pfjm* ¼in~epfjr½ uke ls jkedFkk çLrqr dhA Lo;aHkw tSu er ds ekuusokys Fks blfy, buds xzFa k esa jfpr jkedFkk tSu ijaijk ls çHkkfor gSA tSu ijaijk dh jke dFkk okYehfd jkek;.k dh dFkk ls fHkUu gSA jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr îme pfjm* ckjg gtkj inksa okyh 130@ ladYiuk 130@la

—fr gSA tSu er esa jktk jke ds fy, in~e 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, Lo;aHkw dh jkek;.k dks în~e pfjr* ¼ime pfjm½ dgk x;kA ;g —fr fo|k/kjdkaM] vk;ksè;kdkaM] lanq jdkaM] ;q)dkaM vkSj mRrjdkaM ds :i esa dqy ik¡p [kaMksa esa foHkkftr gSA blds vfrfjDr budh rhu vU; jpuk,¡ Hkh feyrh gS& a 1- fjë.ksfe pfjm 2x;dqekj pfjm 3- Lo;aHkw NanA M‚- ukeoj flag us Lo;aHkw dks viHkz'a k dk okYehfd ekuk gSA ¼M‚- ukeoj flag] fganh ds fodkl esa viHkz'a k dk ;ksx] i`"B la-181½ iq"inar —r êgkiqjk.k* nloha 'krkCnh esa jfpr ;g jpuk vkfniqjk.k rFkk mÙkjiqjk.k nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gSA blesa dqy 102 laf/k;k¡ gSAa bl dFkk esa xq.kHkækpk;Z dh ijaijk dk vuqlkj.k fd;k x;k gSA ¼M‚lHkkifr feJ] çk—r vkSj viHkz'a k lkfgR; esa jkedFkk] i`"B la-214½ jb/kw —r în~eiqjk.k* ;k ^cyg pfjm* tSu dfo jb/kw dfo dk lkfgR; uke flaglsu FkkA bl xzFa k dh jpuk 16oha 'krkCnh esa gqbAZ bldh çFke laf/k esa jkedFkk] nwljh laf/k esa jko.k fnfXot;] r`rh; laf/k esa guqer mRifÙk] n'kjFk vkSj tud dh dFkk,¡ gSAa gsepaæ lwfj —r ^tSu jkek;.k* lhrk jko.k dFkkud ds uke ls çfl) jpuk oLrqr% ;ksx'kkL= ij vk/kkfjr gSA jke dk f'kdkj] jko.k vkfn dk ekalkgkjh gksuk] dqHa kd.kZ dh 6 ekg dh fuæk] jko.k dk jk{klksa dk jktk gksuk rFkk lqxhz o ds okuj gksus dh dFkkvksa dk o.kZu bl xzFa k esa fd;k x;k gSA vlfe;k esa ^jkedFkk* Jhear 'kadjnso ds vuqlkj ^^vle esa jkek;.k dh iajijk bZ- pkSFkh 'krh ls ekuh tk ldrh gSA bZ- pkSFkh ls }kn'k 'krh rd çk;% vkB lkS o"kZ dh vof/k esa vle esa iq"ikoekZ] 'kkyLraHk vkSj czãiky ds jktoa'ktksa us 'kklu fd;k FkkA buds le; esa jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr dh dFkkvksa ds yksd lekt esa dkQh foLrkj fd;k FkkA** ¼jkefot;% 1568bZ-½A yxHkx lkroha 'krkCnh esa vlfe;k lkfgR; ds çFke dky ds lcls cM+s dfo ek/ko danfy us dNkjh jktk egkekf.kD; ds çksRlkgu ls 14oha 'krkCnh esa okYehfd jkek;.k dk ljy vuqokn vlfe;k Nan esa fd;kA ,d xhfr dfo nqxkZoj us 16oha 'krh esa ykSfdd okrkoj.k esa xs; Nan esa xhfr&jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA vlfe;k lkfgR; ds f}rh; dky ¼oS".kodky½ esa ek/ko danfy }kjk vuwfnr jkek;.k dk dqN va'k [kks tkus ds dkj.k bl dky ds ,d çeq[k dfo vkSj lkfgR;dkj 'kadjnso us mÙkj dkaM dks iqu% vuwfnr fd;kA 'kadjnso us gh ^jkefot;* uked ukVd dh Hkh jpuk dhA dSoY;kuan ¼1811&1886bZ-½ us ^Jh jkepaæ&tUe ukVd* dh jpuk dhA ¼M‚- —".kukjk;.k çlkn ekx/k] vle esa fganh Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR; dk fodkl] i`"B la- 41½&¼la-lq/kkdj ikaM;s ] caxyk] vlfe;k] vksfM+;k rFkk fganh ¼la-2056½A çks- Hkwiæas jk;pkS/kqjh ds vuqlkj vc rd vlfe;k esa vxzfyf[kr jkedFkk ls lacfa /kr xzFa kksa 131@ ladYiuk 131@la

dh jpuk ikbZ tkrh gSA iapdkaM jkedkO; ¼ek/ko danfy½] mÙkjdkaM ¼'kadjnso½] vkfndkaM ¼ekèkonso½] yodq'k ;q) ¼gfjcj foç½] jkek;.k ¼vuar danfy½] xhfr&jkek;.k ¼nqxkZoj dk;LFk½] JhjkedhrZu ¼vuar Bkdqj vkrk½] 'k=qt a ;] vn~Hkqr jkek;.k] dFkk jkek;.k ¼j?kqukFk egar½] dFkk&fdf"da/kk ¼f'k"V Hkêkpk;Z½] efgjko.k o/k ¼Jhpan Hkkjrh½] ikrkfydkaM jkek;.k ¼iapkuu½] lhrk ouokl ¼xaxkjke nkl½] x.kd pfj= ¼/kuat;½] ukxk{k ;q) ¼Hkonso foç½] efgjko.k o/k] 'krLda/kjko.k o/k ¼vn~Hkqr vkpk;Z½] yodqVkj ;q) ¼xaxknkl½] jkek'os/k ¼Hkokuhnkl½] jko.k o/k ¼vKkr½] lhrk gj.k ¼HkksykukFk nkl½] yo.k o/k ¼nqxkZçlkn 'kekZ Qqdu½] jke ouokl] lhrk gj.k] ckyh o/k] yodq'k ;q)] yo.k nSR; o/k ¼rhFkZukFk xksLokeh½] T;ksfr jkek;.k ¼T;ksfr çlkn vxzoky½ bR;kfnA ¼çksHkwiUs æ jk;pkS/kqjh] vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`- 130&131½& ¼la- ;ksxæas çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½ jkedFkk fo"k;d vlfe;k ukVdksa esa çeq[k gS& a ^^¼Jhear 'kadjnso] jkefot;& 1958bZ-½] ¼fuR;kuan nso] ekjhp o/k&1750bZ-½] ¼nhu xksiky] nqokZlk Hkkstu&1750bZ-] lhrk gj.k&1750bZls iwo]Z lhrk o.kZu&1750bZ- ls iwo½Z ¼dSoY;kuan nso] jke tUe&1782bZ- iwo½Z ] fo'oEHkj nso] ckfyoèk&1750 ls 1800bZ-½] ¼jkepaæ nso] jke ouokl&1750 ls 1800 bZ-½] ¼vuUrnso] fla/kqefu o/k] 1750 ls 1800bZ-½] ¼HkDrjatu nso] y{e.k 'kfä'ksy&1750 ls 1800bZ-½] jkeuan nso xksLokeh&1750 ls 1800bZ-½] ¼ijaekuan nso xksLokeh] ikrkyh dkaM] jko.k oèk&1750 ls 1800 bZ½] ¼Hkænso vkrk] lhrk gj.k&1817 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼y{eh nso vkrk] jko.k o/k&1840 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼;ksx's oj] vgY;k gj.k&1846 bZ-iwo½Z ] ¼—".kdkar] gfj gj yh&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼xksiky] ikrkyh dkaM&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼jekdkar] ikrkyh dkaM&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼t;nso] jke ouokl&1850 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼t;ukFk nso] lhrk gj.k vFkok okfyo/k&1968 bZiwo½Z ] ¼eksgupaæ] eSjko.ko/k&1968 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼jke#æ vkrk] lhrkgj.k&1870 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼nkeksnj] jkek'os/k&1870] jke LoxkZjksg.k 1877 ls 1900 bZ-iw-½] ¼iw.kZdkar] yadkngu&1890 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼jekdkar] jko.k o/k&1977 bZ-] 'krLda/kjko.ko/k &1977 ls 1900½] ¼fpajthonkl] lhrk ikrky xeu&1892 bZ- iwo½Z ] ¼deykdkar] dihaæ fot;&1892 bZ-½] ¼o`na kou nso xksLokeh] Jhjkepaæ&1850 la 1881 bZ-½] ¼oklqnos nkl] y{e.k otZu&1850 ls 1900 bZ½] ¼ekf.kdpaæ f}t] y{e.k fnXfot;&1850 ls 1900 bZ-½] ¼nÙk nso] lhrk v;ks/;k xeu&1850 ls 1900 bZ-½] ¼nhu ukFk] lhrk ouokl&1870 ls 1920 bZ-½ bR;kfn ¼çks- HkwiUs æ jk;pkS/kqjh] vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`"B la- 146&148½&¼la- ;ksxæas çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½ v/;kRejkek;.k ¼Jhjke vkrk ,oa Jhjkenso pfygk½] mÙkjdkaM ¼deys'oj pfygk½] jkepfjrekul ¼rqylhnklh jkek;.k½&¼Jhdkar lw;Z foç½ vkfn laL—r ,oa fganh ls vuwfnr jkedFkk,¡ gSAa ¼çks- Hkwiæas jk; pkS/kqjh] vlfe;k jke&lkfgR; dh ijaijk] i`149½&¼la- ;ksxæas çrki flag] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa jkedkO;] 2009½

132@ ladYiuk 132@la

caxyk esa jkedFkk caxyk Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; ds fodkl dh /kkjk ij fopkj djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd çkjaHk dk eè;dkyhu lkfgR; ¼1350 ls 1600 rd½ ds nkSjku caxyk ds lar dfo iafMr frokl vks>k us ^jkek;.k ikapkyh^ uked jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA bUgsa ek/;fed caxyk ds çFke egkdfo ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA 15oha 'krkCnh esa jfpr ;g jkek;.k caxyk tuthou dk daBgkj gSA ik¡p lky esa mUgksua s vius bl vej xzFa k dks iwjk fd;kA laL—r jkek;.k dks caxyk esa çLrqr djus okys os igys dfo Fks ftUgksua s jke dk fp=.k okYehfd dh rjg 'kq) ekuo vkSj ohj iq#"k ds :i esa u djrs gq, Hkxoku ds d#.kke; vorkj ds :i esa fd;k ftldh vksj lh/kh lknh Hkfäe; turk dk ân; lgt Hkko ls vkdf"kZr gks ldrk FkkA ¼lquhfr dqekj pkVqt;~Z ] caxyk Hkk"kk rFkk lkfgR;] i`"B 16½&[la- lq/kkdj ikaM;s ] caxyk] vlfe;k] vksfM+;k rFkk fganh ¼la- 2056½] fuR;kuan vkpk;Z ¼vn~Hkqrkpk;Z½ dh ^vk'p;Z jkek;.k*] dfopaæ —r ^vaxn jk;ckj*] j?kquna u xksLokeh —r ^jke jlk;u* rFkk paækorh dh ^jkek;.k xkFkk*A caxky ds ,d {ks= fo'ks"k esa frokl vks>k ds ckn paækorh dh jkedFkk ds in csgn yksdfç; gSAa ^froklh jkek;.k* dh egÙkk ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, M‚- lqdeq kj lsu dgrs gSa fd ^^frokl dh jkek;.k caxyk lkfgR; dk ,d ç/kku dkO; gSA jpuk ds i'pkr ls gh ;g dkO; tSlk vHkwriwoZ lEeku çkIr djrk pyk vk jgk gSA oSlk vknj dk'khjke nkl ds egkHkkjr dks NksMd + j fdlh rhljs caxyk dkO; dks çkIr ugha gqvkA ¼M‚- lqdeq kj lsu] ckaxyk lkfgR;sj dFkk&vuqokn] HkksykukFk 'kekZ½A ^^bl jkek;.k esa dqy Ng dkaM gS& a 1- vkfndkaM] 2vk;ks/;kdkaM] 3- vj.;dkaM] 4- fdf"daèkkdkaM] 5- lqna jdkaM rFkk 6- yadkdkaMA** ¼M‚vuqt çrki flag] froklh jkek;.k dk lkaL—frd vuq'khyu] i`- 104½ vksfM+;k esa jkedFkk vksfM+;k dk lkfgR; okLrfod :i esa tu lkfgR; gSA vksfM+;k&lkfgR; ds çFke tkrh; dfo ljyknkl us ^foyadk jkek;.k*] lIrdkaM jkek;.k vkfn dh jpuk dhA dVd ftys dh >adMokfluh nsoh paMh ds ojçlkn ls dfoRo çkIr djus okys jkek;.k ds vfrfjDr cgqr lh dkyt;h jpuk,¡ lekt dks nhA vtquZ nkl us ^jke foHkk* uke ls jkeksik[;ku çLrqr fd;kA ijarq dfo cyjkenkl }kjk jfpr jkek;.k mM+hlk dk lokZf/kd yksdfç; xzFa k ekuk tkrk gSA cyjkenkl dh ^txeksgu jkek;.k* vius vuwBs çlaxksa ds fy, Hkh fo[;kr gSA ^^ljyknkl —r egkHkkjr ds yksdfç; Nan ^nkaMh* dk ç;ksx dj iwjh jkek;.k dh jpuk djus ds dkj.k bls nkaMh jkek;.k Hkh dgk tkrk gSA** ¼M‚- vt; dqekj iVuk;d] vksfM+;k jkek;.k] egkdfo cyjke dk lkal—frd vuq'khyu] i`- 92½A mudh ;g —fr ^nf{k.kh jkek;.k^ Hkh dgykrh gSA blds ckn 19oha 'krh esa vk/kqfud ;qx esa Qdhj eksgu lsukifr us ^jkek;.k* dk i|kuqokn fd;kA ^jkefoHkk* uked yach dfork dh jpuk vtZunkl uked dfo us dh A

133@ ladYiuk 133@la

dUuM esa jkedFkk M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk ds vuqlkj ^^Hkkjr dh çkarh; Hkk"kkvksa esa lcls igys dUuM esa jkek;.k dh jpuk gqbAZ **¼M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk] ey;kye lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`"B la- 33½A dUuM esa dfo ukxpaæ ¼1140 bZ-½ jkedkO; dk vkjaHkdrkZ ekuk tkrk gSA dUuM lkfgR; ds lu~ 950 ls 1150 rd ds iai ;qx esa ,d vR;ar çfl) dfo gq, ukxpaæ] ftUgksua s îai Hkkjr* dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA bUgksua s jkepaæpfju iqjk.k vFkok iai jkek;.k dUuM dh jpuk dhA M‚- Vh-vkj- Hkê ds vuqlkj ^^lu 950 ds djhc iksBu uked dfo us ^HkqouSD; jkekH;qn;* uked paiw dkO; fy[kk gSA ysfdu ;g xzFa k vc rd miyC/k ugha gSA blds ckn ^dqenq nas q jkek;.k*]*jkefot; dkO;*] ^mRrj jkek;.k*] ^v}Sr jkek;.k*] êwyd jkek;.k*] êkdZM a ;s jkek;.k*] ^'kadj jkek;.k*] *v/;kRe jkek;.k*] êwycy jkek;.k*] ^jkedFkkH;qn;*] *fu#eys”k pfjrs*] ojnfoëy jkek;.k*] *jkedFkkorkj*] ^ftu jkek;.k*] ^vn~Hkqr jkek;.k*] ^jkek'oes/k*] ^Jhjke iêkfHk"ksd*] ^'ks"k jkek;.k vkfn jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr xzFa k dUuM esa çkIr gksrs gSAa ¼M‚- Vh-vkj-Hkê] dUuM esa jkedFkk vkSj rksjos jkek;.k] i`- 1½A rRi'pkr 15oha 'krkCnh ls 19oha 'krkCnh ds ^dqekj O;kl dky* esa ujgfj vFkok dqekj okYehfd uked ,d dfo us okYehfd jkek;.k ds vk/kkj ij rksjos jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA dUuM lkfgR; esa bls ,d Js"B —fr ds :i esa ekU;rk çkIr gSA blh ;qx dh vafre mUuhloha 'krh esa nsopanj uked ,d tSu dfo us ^jkedFkkorkj* fy[kdj tSu jkek;.k dh ijaijk dks vkxs c<+k;kA bl 'krh ds var esa eqí.k uked ,d vR;ar lQy dfo us vn~Hkqr jkek;.k uked ljl dkO;—fr dh jpuk dhA d'ehjh esa jkedFkk rsjgoha lnh esa d'ehjh Hkk"kk esa lkfgR; l`tu vkjaHk gqvkA lu 1750 ls 1900 ds e/; ds çsek[;ku dky esa çdk'k jke us jkek;.k dh jpuk dhA 18oha 'krh ds var esa fnokdj çdk”k Hkê us Hkh ^d'ehjh jkek;.k^ dh jpuk dhA M‚- f'kcu —".k jS.kk ds vuqlkj d'ehjh dkO; esa oS".koHkfä dk fu:i.k mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds vklikl ls ns[kus dks feyrk gSA d'ehj esa oS".ko&Hkfä ds çpkj&çlkj dk Js; mu ?kqeDdM+ lk/kqvks]a larksa ,oa oS".ko Hkätuksa dks tkrk gS] tks mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa e/; Hkkjr ls bl çns'k esa vk, vkSj jke&—".k Hkfä dk lw=ikr fd;kA mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa ços'k fd;k vkSj jkedFkk fo"k;d lqna j dkO; jpukvksa dh l`f"V gqb]Z ftuesa çdk'kjke —r ^jkekorkjpfjr* d'ehjh dkO; ijaijk esa viuh lqna j o.kZu&'kSyh] Hkfä&foºoyrk] dFkk&la;kstu rFkk dkO;&lkS"Bo dh –f"V ls fo'ks"k egRo j[krk gSA ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh ewydFkk dk vkèkkj ;|fi okYehfd —r jkek;.k gS] rFkkfi dFkklw= dks dfo us viuh çfrHkk vkSj –f"V ds vuq:i <kyus dk lqna j ç;kl fd;k gSA ^jkekorkjpfjr* d'ehjh Hkk"kk&lkfgR; esa miyC/k jkedFkk&dkO;&ijaijk dk ,d cgqeYw ; dkO;&xzFa k gS] ftlesa dfo us jkedFkk dks Hkko&foHkksj gksdj xk;k gSA dfo dh o.kZu&'kSyh ,oa dYiuk 'kfä bruh çHkko'kkyh ,oa LFkkuh; jaxr ls ljkcksj gS fd yxrk gS ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh leLr ?kVuk,¡ v;ksè;k]

134@ ladYiuk 134@la

tudiqjh] yadk vkfn esa u ?kVdj d'ehj&eaMy esa gh ?kV jgh gSAa ^jkekorkjpfjr* dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;gh gS vkSj ;gh mls ^fof'k"V* cukrh gSAa ^d'ehfj;r* dh vuwBh jaxr esa luh ;g dkO;—fr lai.w kZ Hkkjrh; jkedkO;&ijaijk esa viuk fo'ks"k LFkku j[krh gSAa ¼M‚- f'kcu —".k jS.kk] d'ehjh dkO; esa jkedFkk½ xqtjkrh esa jkedFkk 14oha 'krh esa vk'kklr us xqtjkrh esa jkeyhyk fo"k;d inkoyh dh jpuk dhA fQj 15oha 'krh esa Hkky.k us lhrk Lo;aoj vFkok jke&fookg uked jkedkO; çLrqr fd;kA xqtjkrh lkfgR; esa ;gh çkphure jkedkO; ekus tkrs gSAa orZeku esa lewps xqtjkr esa 19oha 'krkCnh dh fxjèkjnkl ^jkek;.k^ loZJ"s B vkSj lokZf/kd yksdfç; ekuh tkrh gSA blds vfrfjä xqtjkrh lkfgR; esa Hkky.k —r jkepfjr ,oa jkeckypfjr rFkk m)o —r m)ojkek;.k Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA rfey jkek;.k rfey Hkk"kk æfoM+ Hkk"kk ifjokj dh çkphure Hkk"kk ekuh tkrh gS vkSj egf"kZ vxLR; blds tud dgs tkrs gSAa rfey lkfgR; ds çca/kdky esa vkt ls yxHkx 12 lkS o"kZ iwoZ pØorhZ egkdfo dacu gq,] ftUgksua s ^dacjkek;.k* uked çca/k dkO; dh jpuk dhA dqN fo}ku dacu vkSj mudh jkek;.k dks 12oha 'krkCnh dk ekurs gSa vkSj ;g Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd egkdfo dacu xksLokeh rqylhnkl ls de ls de pkj lkS o"kZ iwoZ gq, FksA dacjkek;.k esa 10 gtkj 50 in gSa vkSj ;g ckydkaM ls ;q)dkaM rd 6 dkaMksa esa foHkä gSA muds jps gq, X;kjg xzFa k vkSj gS]a ij lokZf/kd çfl) ^dacjkek;.k* gh gSA blesa dfo us æfoM+ lH;rk dk o.kZu fo'ks"k :i ls fd;k gSA rsyqxq esa jkedFkk rsyx q q lkfgR; ds nwljs iqjk.k ;qx ¼lu 1050 ls 1500 rd½ esa lcls igys jaxukFk jkek;.k ¼lu 1280½ vkSj fQj HkkLdj jkek;.k ¼14oha 'krh½ dh jpuk gqbAZ HkkLdj jkek;.k dks rsyx q q dk lcls dykRed jkedkO; ekuk tkrk gSA rsyx q q lkfgR; ds Lo.kZ ;qx ¼çca/k ;qx½ esa vuqoknksa dh ijaijk #d xbZ vkSj dfo;ksa dh #fp ekSfyd çca/k fy[kus dh vksj c<+hA mlh Øe esa rsyx q q dh pkj efgyk jkek;.kdkjksa us viuh&viuh —fr;k¡ çLrqr dhaA ;s Fkha& e/kqjok.kh dh ^j?kqukFk jkek;.k^] 'khjHkq lqHkækack dh ^lqHkæk jkek;.k^] pscjksyq ljLorh dh ^ljLorh jkek;.k^ rFkk eksYy dh êksYy jkek;.kÂ 16oha 'krkCnh esa eksYy uked dqEgkfju }kjk jfpr êksYy jkek;.k^ tulk/kkj.k esa vR;f/kd yksdfç; gSA rsyx q q lkfgR; dh loZçFke dof;=h vkrqdfw j eksYy rqylhnkl ls yxHkx 200 o"kZ iwoZ gqbZ FkhaA vius xq# xksioje ds JhdaB eYys'k dh —ik ls eksYy dfork djuk lh[k xbZA êksYy jkek;.k^ dk vc fganh vuqokn Hkh miyC/k gSA rsyx q q esa çeq[k :i ls nks ^mÙkj jkek;.k* fy[ks x, ftuesa ls çFke dk foHkqMq rFkk foVBy foHkqMq rFkk nwljs dh jpuk vka/kz ds usYyw: ftys ds dfo dadfa Vikijktq us 16oha lnh esa dhA ¼M‚vkbZ-,u- paæ'ks[kj jsìh] rsyqxq dh jke dkO; ijaijk vkSj jaxukFk jkek;.k] i`"B] la-

135@ ladYiuk 135@la

41½A v¸;yjktq jkeHkæ —r jkekH;qn;& lu~ 1514] j?kqukFk uk;d —r j?kqukFk jkek;.keq&1535] dêk ojnjktq —r dêk ojnjktq jkek;.k] dwpeafp frEEkdfo —r mPp rsyx q q jkek;.k&18oha lnh] Jh xksfiukFk osd a V —r xksfiukFk jkek;.k&19oha lnh] Jh okfoy dksyuq lqCckjko —r Jhenka/kz okYehfd jkek;.k] fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r Jhen~jkek;.k dYio`{ke~] xqM a q y{e.k —r vkuan jkek;.k] JhdapyZ'kjHk —r vk/;kRe jkek;.k] Jh,e-,l- jkekjko jfpr xhfr jkek;.k vkfn rsyx q q esa jfpr çeq[k jkedFkk vk/kkfjr xzFa k gSAa buds vfrfjDr dk.kkneq] lkse;kft] ekfeMUu lqHkækack] cqyl q q osd a Vs'ojyq] JhokfoYy jkeLokfe 'kkL=h] nsojkt lqf/k] uksfj xq#fyax 'kkL=h] Mksì osd a Vjkfe jsìh] jljLorqy lqCcjke 'kkL=h] Jhikn lqcez .; 'kkL=h] iqfjiaMkvIiy Lokeh] m"kkJh vkfn lkfgR;dkjksa us rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr xzFa kksa dh jpuk dh gSA iatkch esa jkedFkk [kkylk iaFk ds laLFkkid fl[kksa ds nlosa xq# xksfoan flag th u dsoy /keZ xq# Fks oju os ,d egku lar] ;ks)k vkSj dfo Hkh FksA muds }kjk jps x, dqy 11 xzFa kksa esa ls ,d ^jkekorkj* dks ^xksfoan jkek;.k* dgk tkrk gSA iatkch Hkk"kk dh ;g egku jpuk laHkor% lu~ 1698 esa iw.kZ gqbZ FkhA xq# th dh jkedFkk esa /keZ ;q) ds ?kko dk Hkko gh [kwc mtkxj gqvk gSA ^xksfoan jkek;.k^ ls dqy 864 Nan gSa ftuesa 400 ls vf/kd Nanksa esa dsoy ;q) dk gh o.kZu gSA fofp= ukVd dh Hkk"kk ewyr% czt iatkch fefJr gSA blds igys v/ ;k; esa 101 Nan gSAa blesa jkedFkk ds ik=ksa dk vfr laf{kIr mYys[k feyrk gS] ftlls iatkch esa jkedFkk iwoZ ls çpfyr gksus dk çek.k iwokZHkkl gksrk gSA ^jkekorkj % pkSchl vorkj* 1755 foØeh laor dh jpuk ekuh tkrh gSA blesa dqy 864 Nan gSAa ¼M‚- t; çdk'k] iatkc dh laL—fr vkSj jkedkO; ijaijk] i`- 171] 172] 173½ ejkBh esa jkedFkk jkedFkk ls lacfa /kr xzFa k jpuk dk dk;Z ejkBh esa Jhx.ks'k 'kSY; }kjk fd;k x;k fdarq budk dksbZ Hkh xzFa k myiC/k ugha gks ik;k gSA fdaonafr;ksa ,oa yksd thou esa çpfyr dgkfu;ksa ds vk/kkj ij gh ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd jkedFkk dk çkjaHk bUgha ds }kjk fd;k x;kA egkjk"Vª esa iSB.k uked LFkku esa tUes lar ,dukFk ¼tks fd xksLokeh rqylhnkl ds ledkyhu Fks½ us ^HkkokFkZ jkek;.k* dh jpuk dh FkhA buds ^HkkokFkZ jkek;.k* dk ewy lzkrs okYehfd jkek;.k gSA bl xzFa k ds lac/a k esa mYys[kuh; rF; gS fd ,dukFk Lokeh ;q)dkaM ds pokyhl v/;k; gh fy[k ik, Fks fd mudk LoxZokl gks x;kA bl dkj.k 'ks"k Hkkx muds f'k"; ^xkock* us iwjk fd;kA buds ckn ejkBh jke dFkk dk mYys[kuh; xzFa k gS Jh—".knkl eqnx ~ y —r jkek;.k] ftldk dsoy ;q)dkaM gh miyC/k gSA ^^buds ;q) dkaM esa dqy 78 v/;k; vkSj 8000 vksfo;ka gSAa ** ¼M‚- f=Hkqou jk;] ejkBh esa jkedFkk dh ijaijk] yksd yhou ,oa tupsruk ds lanHkZ es]a i`- 80½A ^la{ksi jkek;.k* dh jpuk bZ- lu 1620 esa lar ,dukFk ds ukrh dfo eqDrs'oj }kjk dh xbZA bl jkek;.k esa dsoy lqna jdkaM vkSj ;q)dkaM dks gh 661 'yksdksa ds ek/;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA dfo eqDrs'oj us blds vfrfjDr ^çlUu jk?ko* rFkk ^guqeUukVd* dh jpuk dhA lkf/kdk 136@ ladYiuk 136@la

os.kkckbZ us Hkh ^jkek;.k* dh jpuk dhA egkdfo okeu iafMr us ^lhrk Lo;aoj* rFkk ^Hkjr Hkko* uked nks —fr;ksa dh jpuk dhA dfo ukxs'k us ^lhrk Lo;aoj* ,d nh?kZ vk[;ku dkO; dh jpuk dhA Jh/kj Lokeh us bZ-la- 1703 esa ^jke fot;* uked egkdkO; jpkA fxj/kj Lokeh }kjk ^vCn jkek;.k* dh jpuk dh xbZA bu lcds ckn ejkBh jkedFkk vkèkkfjr xzFa kksa ds jpuk ds {ks= esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku dfo eksjks iar dk ekuk tkrk gSA bUgksua s ^^fofHkUu Nanksa ,oa 'kSfy;ksa esa dqy 108 NksVs cM+s jkek;.kksa dh jpuk djds ejkBh jkedFkk ijaijk esa vius gh <ax dk çfreku LFkkfir fd;kA buds 108 esa ls vc rd dqy 106 jkek;.k gh miyC/k gSAa ** ¼M‚- f=Hkqou jk;] ejkBh esa jkedFkk dh ijaijk] yksd thou ,oa tupsruk ds lanHkZ es]a i`- 84½A mi;qDZ r ds vfrfjDr vusd —fr;ksa dks vxzfyf[kr :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ^vksohc) jkek;.k&es: Lokeh* ^yksdc) jkek;.k&dfo ek/ko] dfo vkuan ru;*] ^fpn~cks/k jkek;.k] jked.kkZer` ] ea= jkek;.k] fuoks"Z B jk?ko pfjr& dfo fujatu ek/ko* bR;kfnA eqDrinksa ,oa xhrkRed 'kSyh esa vusd jpuk,¡ ejkBh jke lkfgR; esa jph xbZA buesa ^jke ek>k ouk xsyk] dlk eyk Vkdqfu xsyk jke] df/ka esVy s j?kqifr&,dukFk*] ^v'kksdP;k ouha lhrk&rqdkjke*] ^/kko js jkejk;k] tkma udks js jkek] i‘Foh rqyk jk?ko uhjchyk] N= 'kj;wrhj] /kU; v;ksè;iqjh&fnudj*] *çk.kfolkaP;k jkek&j?kqukFk iafMr*] *lt.k l[kk jke ek>k&foëyohMdj*] ^Hkwfeokyk Hk`.ks u`ikyk&ve`rjk;*] ^JhjkeE;ka ifjf.kyk&xksfoan o.khdj*] ^dkS'kY;k e`.ks ok jkek] ek÷;k jkekyk vk.kk dksf.ktk xs&ek/ko*] ek÷;kckBk&ckyk*] *j?kqohjk&thou ru;* vkfn çeq[k gSAa ¼–"VO;& çkphu xhr HkkaMkj] laiknd uk-xtks'kh½A ejkBh ds lqçfl) 'kk;j ij'kqjke us ykof.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls jkedFkk dk çpkj fd;kA ejkBh dk çkphu lkfgR; rks jkedFkk esa /kuk<î jgk gh gSA vk/kqfud dky ds jpukdkjksa us Hkh bl fn'kk esa i;kZIr ys[ku fd;k gSA ^ou fogkj ¼1912½] j.k fogkj ¼1916½] x`g fogkj ¼1918½ ¼rhuksa egkdkO;½&Jhxksiky xksfoan etwenkj] jk?kohj ¼1961&1936½&fo|k/kj okeu fHkMs] xhr jkek;.k ¼1957½& x-n- ekMxwydj vkfn çeq[k gSAa blds vfrfjDr ejkBh esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr vusd ukVdksa dh Hkh jpuk gqbZ gSA lhrk Lo;aoj ¼1843½&fo".kqnkl Hkkos] lhrk Lo;aoj&ia- [kkfMydj] Hkwfe dU;k lhrk ¼1955½&eke ojsjdj vkfn çeq[k gSAa ey;kye esa jkedFkk ey;kye esa jkek;.k dh jpuk 14oha 'krkCnh ls çkjaHk gqbAZ pkSngoha 'krkCnh esa ^jkek;.k* ds ;q) dkaM dh dFkk ds vk/kkj ij çkphu fr#oukadksj ds jktk us jkepfjr uked dkO; xzFa k dh jpuk dhA blh 'krh esa dfo jkeIif.kdj us xs; Nanksa esa ^df.k''k jkek;.k* dh jpuk dhA blds ckn jkedFkk&ikV~Vq jpk x;kA fQj okYehfd jkek;.k ds vuqokn ds :i esa ^dsjy oekZ jkek;.k* dh jpuk gqbAZ ey;kye Hkk"kk ds lokZf/kd yksdfç; jkedkO; ds :i esa lu~ 1600 ds yxHkx ,GqÙkpu }kjk ^v/;kRe jkek;.k* dk vuqokn 137@ ladYiuk 137@la

çLrqr fd;k x;kA M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk ds vuqlkj ey;kye esa uhyapfs jy 'kadju uk;j ¼bZ-19oha 'krh½ —r ^lhrkigj.k*] ijowj,fG;Ùk dksPpEckyh vk'kku ¼bZ-19oha 'krh½ —r ^yadkngu* dkO; jkek;.k vk/kkfjr dFkkvksa ,oa midFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr çeq[k dkO; xzFa k gSAa phjkeu HkDr dfo —r ^jkepfjre* ey;kye dh y{k.k;qDr çFke lkfgfR;d dkO; —fr gSA ¼M‚- t‚tZdqêh cVksÙk] ey;kye lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`- 33½A ^d..k'kjkek;.k&fu.ke jkeu] *Jhjkepfjr ¼1933½&th- dafq tjkeu uk;j] ^vgY;keks{k ¼bZ-1966½&fo".kqukjk;.k uairw jh] ^vgY;k* ¼bZ-1970½&ih- dqfa tjkeu uk;j vkfn çeq[k dkO; jpuk,¡ gSaA buds vfrfjDr ^jkek;.k*&ukyqdsfêy —".k esuu] ^lhrk Lo;aoj*&daftdqêu raijq ku] ^lhrkgj.k*&uhyapjs h 'kadju uk;j] ^jko.kiq=*&iYyRrq jkeu] ^yadkjko.kikfyrk*&ekV'ksjh ek/ko okfj;j] ^iq"iofV*] frDdksfV;u] ^dkapulhrk*&JhdaBu uk;j vkfn jke dFkk ij vk/kkfjr ukVd gSAa ¼M‚- t‚tZdêq h cVksÙk] ey;kye lkfgR; vkSj jkedFkk] i`- 34&35½ usikyh esa jkedFkk 19oha 'krkCnh esa dfo HkkuqHkDr us ^HkkuqHkDr jkek;.k* uke ls usikyh Hkk"kk esa lai.w kZ jkek;.k fy[khA bl jkek;.k dk vkt usiky esa ogh eku gS] tks Hkkjr esa rqylh —r ^jkepfjrekul* dk gSA bl jpuk dk çdk'ku 1954 esa gqvkA bldk fganh vuqokn Jh uandqekj vkekR; vkSj lqJh ris'ojh vkekR; }kjk fd;k x;k tks fd lu 1990 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA blds vfrfjDr lqna jkuan jkek;.k Hkh çeq[k jkedFkk gSA ,d usikyh caèk t; cgknqj ds vuqlkj blds vfrfjDr Hkh usiky esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr cgqr lh dFkk,¡ o midFkk,¡ çpfyr gSAa vjch&Qkjlh esa jkedFkk l¸;n ,l-dej ds vuqlkj vdcj ckn'kkg us loZçFke jkek;.k dk i|kuqokn Qkjlh esa eqYyk vCnqj dkfnj cnk;wua h ls djok;kA 'kkgtgka dky esa jkek;.k dk x|kuqokn ^jkek;.k QSth* ds uke ls gqvkA Qkjlh dfo 'ks[k lknh elhg us 1623 esa loZçFke ekSfyd :i ls ^nkLrkus jke , lhrk* uke ls jkedFkk fy[khA tgkaxhj ds le; eqYyk elhg us ^elhgh jkek;.k* uked ekSfyd jkek;.k fy[kh] ftldk çdk'ku 1888 esa eq'a kh uoy fd'kksj çsl y[kuÅ ls gqvkA vkSjx a tsc ds 'kkludky esa Hkh paæHkku csfny us jkek;.k dk Qkjlh esa i|kuqokn fd;kA uokc okftnvyh 'kkg ds dky esa ^jkepfjrekul* dks mnwZ esa Nkik x;kA mnwZ Qkjlh vjch esa yxHkx 160 ,slh iqLrdsa gSa ftuesa jke dk o.kZu gSA egkRek xka/kh dk'kh fo|ihB dh Nk=k uktuhu valkjh us guqeku pkyhlk dks mnwZ esa fyfic) fd;k gS vkSj ;g Nk=k ^jkepfjrekul* dks Hkh mnwZ esa fyfic) dj jgh gSA fons'kksa esa jkedFkk Jhyadk vkSj cekZ esa jkek;.k dbZ :iksa esa çpfyr gSA cekZ esa cgqr ls uke jke ds uke ij gSAa jkekorh uxj rks jke uke ds Åij gh LFkkfir gqvk FkkA vejiqj ds ,d fogkj 138@ ladYiuk 138@la

esa jke] y{e.k] lhrk vkSj guqeku ds fp= vkt rd vafdr gSAa yadkifr dqekjnkl us ^tkudh gj.k* uked xzFa k dh jpuk dhA bldk jpukdky dkfynkl ds ledkyhu ekuk tkrk gSA eysf'k;k esa jkedFkk dk çpkj vHkh rd gSA ogk¡ eqfLye Hkh vius uke ds lkFk vDlj jke] y{e.k vkSj lhrk uke tksMr+ s gSAa ;gk¡ jkek;.k dks ^^fgdk;r lsjhjke^^ dgrs gSAa E;kaekj esa Hkh jkedFkk lkfgR; dk çpyu fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;gk¡ ds mYys[kuh; xzFa k gS& a jkeoLrq] egkjke] jke rksUe;ks] jkerkT;h] jke;xzku] iksUrojke bR;kfnA FkkbZyM aS ds iqjkus jtokMksa esa Hkjr dh Hkk¡fr jke dh iknqdk,¡ ysdj jkT; djus dh ijaijk ikbZ tkrh gSA os lHkh vius dks jkeoa'kh ekurs FksA ;gk¡ ^^vtqf/k;k^^] ^^yoiqjh^^vkSj ^^tudiqj^^ tSls uke okys 'kgj gSAa ;gk¡ ij jkedFkk dks ^^jkedhfrZ^^ dgrs gSa vkSj eafnjksa esa txg txg jkedFkk ds çlax vafdr gSAa fgan phu ds vuke esa dbZ f'kykys[k feys gSa ftuesa jke dk ;'kksxku gSA ;gk¡ ds fuokfl;ksa esa ,slk fo'okl çpfyr gS fd os okuj dqy ls mRiUu gSa vkSj Jhjke uke ds jktk ;gk¡ ds loZçFke 'kkld FksA jkek;.k ij vk/kkfjr dbZ ukVd ;gk¡ ds lkfgR; esa Hkh feyrs gSAa tkok esa jkepaæ jk"Vªh; iq#"kksÙke ds :i esa lEekfur gSA ogk¡ dh lcls cM+h unh dk uke lj;w gSA ^^jkek;.k^^ ds dbZ çlaxksa ds vk/kkj ij ogk¡ vkt Hkh jkr jkr Hkj dBiqrfy;ksa dk ukp gksrk gSA tkok ds eafnjksa esa okYehfd jkek;.k ds 'yksd txg txg vafdr feyrs gSAa lqek=k }hi dk okYehfd jkek;.k esa ^^Lo.kZHkwfe^^ uke fn;k x;k gSA jkek;.k ;gk¡ ds tuthou esa oSls gh vuqçkf.kr gS tSls Hkkjrokfl;ksa dsA ckyh }hi Hkh FkkbZyM aS ] tkok vkSj lqek=k dh rjg vk;Z laL—fr dk ,d nwjLFk lhek LraHk gSA ^jkek;.k* dk çpkj ;gk¡ Hkh ?kj&?kj esa gSA tkok esa lsjrjke] lSjhjke] jkedsfyax] ikrkuhjkedFkk] baMkspkbZuk dh jkedhfrZ ¼jkedhfrZ½] [keSjjkek;.k vkfn çeq[k jkedFkk vk/kkfjr xzFa k çpfyr gSAa 9oha 'krkCnh esa rqfdZLrku esa [kksrkuh jkek;.k dk] rhljh 'krkCnh esa frCcrh jkek;.k dk] 10oha 'krkCnh esa eaxksfy;k dh jkedFkk dh jpuk gqbAZ phu esa 251 bZŒ esa fdax —r fyÅ rÅRo] 472 bZŒ esa Rokax fdax —r Ro ikvks rFkk 7oha 'krkCnh ds yadk flagk uked xzFa k jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr gSA 10oha 'krkCnh esa tkiku dh jkedFkk ¼lkEcks ,s dksrksck —r½ dk ç.k;u gqvk Fkk rFkk 12oha 'krkCnh esa gscRq lq us uohu jkedFkk dh jpuk gqbZ FkhA eSfDldks vkSj e/; vejhdk dh e; lH;rk vkSj budk lH;rk ij çkphu Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh tks Nki feyrh gS mlesa jkek;.k dkyhu laLdkjksa dk çkpq;Z gSA is: esa jktk vius dks lw;oZ 'a kh gh ugha ^dkS'kY;klqr jke* oa'kt Hkh ekurs gSAa ^^jkelhro^^ uke ls vkt Hkh ;gk¡ ^^jke lhrk mRlo^^^ euk;k tkrk gSA baMksufs 'k;k esa jkedFkk lkfgR; ç.k;u vf/kd ek=k esa gqvk gSA ;gk¡ 8oha 'krkCnh ls gh bl çdkj ds lkfgR; dh jpuk gqbZ gSA gfjJ;] jkeiqjk.k] vtquZ fot;] jkefot;] ohjra=] dfiioZ] pfj= jkek;.k] ddfou jkek;.k] tkoh jkek;.k] felklqj jkedFkk] dspd jkedFkk bR;kfn xzFa kksa dk ç.k;u baMksufs 'k;k esa gqvk gSA eysf'k;k esa 13oha 'krkCnh dk gdk;r Jhjke vkSj gdk;r egkjkt jko.k uked xzFa kksa dk ç.k;u gqvk gSA cekZ ¼E;kaEekj½ esa ;wrksdh jke;kxu fo[;kr gSA dacksfM;k esa ^jkedj*] ^frCcrh jkek;.k* çpfyr jkedFkk xzFa k gSAa dacksfM;k esa Hkh fganw lH;rk ds vU;

139@ ladYiuk 139@la

vaxksa ds lkFk lkFk jkek;.k dk çpyu vkt rd ik;k tkrk gSA NBh 'krkCnh ds ,d f'kykys[k ds vuqlkj ogk¡ dbZ LFkkuksa ij jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr dk ikB gksrk FkkA bu ns'kksa ds vfrfjä fQyhfial vkSj çkphu vejhdk rd jkedFkk dk çHkko feyrk gSA vkfnoklh tuHkk"kk esa jkedkO; Hkkjr ds dbZ jkT;ksa esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh la[;k i;kZIr ek=k esa gSA Hkk"kkfoKku dh –f"V ls xksM a h] Hkhyh] lnjh] dqM[q k] eoklh] fugkyh] dksjok] fcjgksM]+ uxsfl;k] lkSra k] rwjh] e>okj] [ksjokjh] eqM a k] fgC:] laFkkyh] vkfn dbZ Hkk"kk,¡ gSa ftudk lac/a k Hkkjr ,oa HkkjrsÙkj Hkk"kk ifjokjksa gSAa tgk¡ rd ç'u gS vkfnokfl;ksa esa jkedFkk ds çpyu dk rks jkedkO; ds vuqlkj jke us pkSng o"kZ ou esa dkVs rks fuf'pr :i ls jke ds laidZ esa ou esa jgus okys ewy fuoklh vk, gksx a s vkSj blh dk çHkko gesa orZeku esa Hkys gh xzFa kkdkj esa u lgh xhrks]a çkFkZukvks]a fHkÙkhfp=ksa vkfn ds :i esa vo'; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA vk/kqfud dky esa jkedFkk ij vk/kkfjr dqN iqLrdsa çdkf'kr gqbZ gSAa ghjkyky 'kqDy& Jhjkepfjrekul dk i|kuqokn ¼1998½] jkeuk fiVks ¼1979½] jkedFkk ¼gych½ ¼1978½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkeukfiVks ¼eqfj;k½ ¼1979½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkeuk oslksM+ ¼naMkeh ekfM+;k½ ¼1979½ ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkedFkk ¼dqM[q k½ ¼1977½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] jkesu ok=k ¼Hkhyh½ ¼1977½] ekul lfefr] Hkksiky] gych jkedFkk ¼1998½] tuliad]Z Hkksiky] ekfM+;k jkedFkk ¼1998½] tulaidZ] Hkksiky] eqfj;k jkepfjrekul ¼1998½] tulaidZ] Hkksiky] vkeds psrkrkslksj xql a kbZ rqylhnkl ¼gcyh miU;kl½ ¼1975½] fo'oHkkjrh çdk'ku] ukxiqj bR;kfnA vU; jkedFkk,¡ M‚- fuf/k flUgk ds vuqlkj fgekpy çns'k esa jkedFkk vk/kfjr cgqr ls :i çpfyr gSAa fgekpy esa euk, tkus okys lkaL—frd ioZ&n'kgjk] nhikoyh] jkeuoeh vkfn esa jkedFkk dk gh opZLo gSA fHkUu&fHkUUk yksdxkFkkvksa esa jke dFkk dk fp=.k gS] tks ogk¡ ds yksdxk;dksa vkSj yksd dfo;ksa ds jkedFkk ds çfr vlhe yxko dks O;aftr djrk gSA tupsruk gsrq fgekpyh dh pEc;kyh] eaM;kyh] fcykliqjh] dkaxMk] dqy]w ykgqy] muk vkfn fofHkUu yksd Hkk"kkvksa esa jkepfjr ds lacfa /kr vusd çlaxksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS& tSls n'kjFk dk iq=fs "V ;K] iq= tUe] lhrk Lo;aoj] ij'kqjke laokn] jke ou xeu] lhrk gj.k] fHkyuh çlax] guqeku jke feyu] eanksnjh jkok.k laokn vkfnA ¼M‚fuf/k flUgk] fgekpy çns'k dh yksd dFkkvksa ds ifjçs{; esa jkedFkk] i`- 166½A dkaxMk] fefFkyk vkSj xksna tutkfr dh jkek;.k fp=dyk,¡ fo'o çfl) gSAa dbZ çkphu eafnjksa esa jkek;.k f'kYidyk vkSj nhokj fp= ns[ks tk ldrs gSAa

140@ ladYiuk 140@la

ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds dkO; esa Hkkjrekrk dh ladYiuk vkSj Lrqfr & vkyksd jkt lDlsuk mUuhloha lnh esa tc Hkkjr uotkxj.k vkSj vk/kqfud ;qx esa izo's k djrk gS] rc gekjs iqjkus feFkd Hkh u;k jax:i] ubZ psruk vkSj ubZ vFkZoÙkk xzg.k djus yxrs gSAa Hkkjr ekrk dk jk"Vªh;rk ds osx esa gekjs dfo;ks]a ys[kdksa vkSj ns'kHkDrksa us Hkkjr ekrk dk ,d u;k feFkd x<+k& fgeky; mldk eqdVq gS] foa/; es[kyk gS] ey;kfn vkSj lglzkfn ioZr ekyk,¡ mldh ckgsa gS]a dU;kdqekjh mlds pkj.k gS]a leqnz ftls i[kkj jgk gSA blh Hkkjr ekrk ls izes ds fy, vaxkj ds iqrys cfyiaFkh ekfeZd Hkkoqdrk] mcyrs gq, tks'k vkSj mPNy [kkuh ds lkFk Hkkjr ekrk dh t; djrs gq, Qk¡lh ds r[rs ij >wy x,A mUuhloha lnh dk ;g uotkxj.k lcls igys caxky esa vk;k vkSj Hkkjr ekrk dk ;g feFkd Hkh igys caxky esa tUe fy;k gSA vkSj ckn esa lkjs tkrh; thou dk vifjgk;Z va'k cu x;kA caxky 'kfDr dk mikld jgk gS rFkk paMh] egkdkyh] nqxkZ vkfn mldh psruk ds fu;ked jgs gSAa tc uotkxj.k py jgk Fkk] rks ,d vksj jke—".k th vkSj foosdkuan th dh Nk;k dh egkdkyh dh mikluk ds u, xhr xk, tk jgs Fks vkSj mèkj cafdepanz th vius ^vkuaneB* esa dkyhekrk dh Nk;k es]a ^lqtyka lqQyka 'kL; ';keyke* Hkkjr&ekrk dk u;k feFkd x<+ jgs FksA cafdepanz ls igys Hkkjr ekrk ds bl feFkd dk vorj.k Hkkjrpanz ds ukVdksa esa gks pqdk FkkA fdarq blesa :i vkSj jax Hkjk cafdepanz usA bl izdkj egk'kfDr dk feFkd Hkkjr ekrk ds u, feFkd esa :ikarfjr gks x;k vkSj uotkxj.k dk viuk feFkd rS;kj gks x;kA dfo ek[kuyky prqonZs h us viuh Losn'kkuqjkxe;h dforkvksa esa u dsoy mn~cks/ku ds gh xhr xk, gS]a vfirq vius fiz; Hkkjr jk"Vª dh ltho ewfrZ;k¡ Hkh vafdr dh gS]a ftuesa dfo Le`fr ds :i esa gh lgh] fdarq vius jk"Vª dh lkdkj izfrHkk dks lnSo Lej.k&iFk esa ykdj mlds izfr J)koku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mls viuk dgdj vkReh;rk izdV djrk gS vkSj fdlh dks vFkok fdlh fons'kh dks tc og ;g dgrs gq, lqurk gS fd ;g ^Hkkjr* rks Hkkjrh;ksa dk ugha] vfirq esjk Hkh ?kj gS] rks og {kqC/k vkSj U;k;ksfpr Hkh gks mBrk gSA blfy, fd ;g vn~Hkqr foMacuk gS fd fonsf'k;ksa ds izHkko esa vkdj vusd Hkkjrh; bfrgkldkjksa us Hkh lgh fl) djus dk vlQy iz;kl fd;k gS fd ;gk¡ dqN o"kZ ckn 'kd] gw.k] eqlyeku vkfn vk, vkSj fQj dqN o"kZ ckn vaxt sz ] iqrx Z kyh] Mp] Ýk¡lhlh vk,A vr% ;g Hkkjr dsoy igys vkus okys vk;ksaZ dk ?kj ugha] vfirq ihNs vkus okyksa dk Hkh ?kj gSA dfo blh ,sfrgkfld feF;k /kkj.k ij {kqCèk gksrk gqvk yydkj mBk gS& ^^D;k dgk fd ^;g ?kj esjk gS\* ftlds jfo vxsa tyksa es]a la/;k gksu chjkuksa es]a

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mlds dkuksa esa D;ksa dgrs vkrs gks ^;g ?kj esjk gS\* x x x gks eqdVq fgeky;] igukrk] lkxj ftlds ix /kqyokrk] ;g c¡/kk csfM+;ksa esa eafnj] efLtn] xq#}kjk esjk gSA D;k dgk fd ^;g ?kj esjk gS\**1 dfo ds erkuqlkj ekr`Hkwfe 'kfDr laiUu O;fDRk dh gS] 'kfDrghu dh ughaA ekr`Hkwfe dh Lora=rk izkfIr ds fy, 'kfDr dh lk/kuk igyh 'krZ gSA mUgha ds 'kCnksa es& a ^^ekr`Hkwfe gS mldh] ftldks mB thuk vkrk gS] ngu&Hkwfe gS mldh] tks {k.k&{k.k fxjrk tkrk gSA**2 viuh tUeHkwfe ds fgr ds fy, viuk loZLo R;kx djus okyk leiZ.koknh vkn'kZ ns'k&izes h cu ldrk gSA mlds fy, Lolq[k vkSj Lofgr dh dYiuk Hkh oftZr gSA vius I;kjs ns'k ds fy, vius izk.kksa dks gFksyh ij fy, og bl izrh{kk esa jgrk gS fd vc mldh iqdkj gS dc og viuk 'kh'k nsus pysA dfy;k¡ ftlesa f[kys ogh Hkwfe dfo dk bZ'oj gS] ogh mldk ?kj gS& ^^dfy;ksa dk vk¡py gh esjk bZ'oj gS e/kqx/a kksa fgyrk Mqyrk izHkq eafnj gS] tx ds bl fldqMs+ iki&iq.; ls Åij xw¡ts fuekZ.k fd;k djrh esjk ?kjA**3 ';ke :i bl jk"Vª dks iz.kke djrk gqvk dfo dgrk gS fd& ^^ml oj.kghu dks osn&xku] ml pj.kghu dks lkS iz.kke] ml o`na kou ij ckx] ml oa'khoV dks rku&rku] fgeux ls veydqekjh rd 'kksfHkr esjh ;g iapoVh] ftlds flj fge dk eqdVq yflr ftlds vaxksa xaxk fyiVh] bldh x.kuk NÙkhl dksfV] bldh vfofnr efgek fo'kky] esjh tuuh dk fnO; Hkky lsok djrk gS] vej dkyAA**4 ;gk¡ ij dfo jk"Vª esa ekr`Ro dh izfr"Bk djrk tku iM+rk gSA vU;= lkfgR; esa izfrf"Br nqxkZ ds fo"k; esa ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* us dgk gS fd ^^nqxkZ tehu] >kfM+;ks]a ufn;ks]a ljksojks]a Vhyks]a VsdfM;ks]a [ksrks& a [kfygkuksa ;kuh dh jk"Vª dks flagklu cukrh gS] laL—fr ds xgus igukrh gS] mFky&iqFky dk jktnaM /kkj.k djrh gS] eqdVq dks Bqdjkdj fdlh tkfr ds ladYiksa dk xjhcksa ds cxhps esa mxs gq, Qyksa dk gkj vius twM+s esa ck¡/krh gS vkSj leLr jk"Vª ds fuokfl;ksa dh vkRek dk oL= igudj fØ;k'khyrk ds lkFk cSB tkrh gSA**5 Hkys gh dqN LFkyksa ij dfo us jk"Vª dks nqxkZ ds :i esa ns[kk gks] ijarq mlus vius vkjkè;nso ds :i esa ';kelqna j dks gh ekuk gSA dksbZ le; ,slk vk,xk fd tc Hkkjr 142@ ladYiuk 142@la

ns'k dfo dh dYiuk dk fnO; jk"Vª cusxkA rHkh lkjh izHkqRo mldk Ük`x a kj djus yxsx a hA tks o"kZ dsoy ';key gksus ds dkj.k dgha eksgd Kkr gksrh gS] ;g ';keyrk Hkwfe dh fofo/k jaxksa Hkjk eqdVq iguk,xh& ^^tc ikuh uhps dks vk,] Åij mB Nk;s r#oj dkys /ku dkyh tehu ij mrj&mrj cjls xtZu dj ml fnu ban& z /kuq"k ls dguk mBdj ?ksjk lkf/kj vk, gfj Hkfj e[keyh Hkwfe dks jaxksa Hkjk eqdVq iguk,A**6 Lora=rk ds izFke izHkkr esa gh dfo us vuqHko fd;k fd lkjs Hkkjrh; d'ehj ls dU;kdqekjh rd ,d gSAa mUgsa {kqnz LokFkZ ;k dksbZ vU; ckr vyx ugha dj ldrhA ekr`Hkwfe viuh NÙkhl dksfV larkuksa ds lkFk xfr dj jgh gS& ^^dsjy ls dk'ehj ryd ge] HkkbZ&HkkbZ gSa dkosjh —".kk dh ueZnk xaxk ;equk lkFk jgs gesa u rksM+ ldsxk dksbZ ge ek¡ tk;s ca/kq jgsA gSa NÙkhl djksM+ fd mudk vfer mfpr vfHkeku fy,A**7 iafMr ek[kuyky prqonZs h ij Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh;rk lac/a kh fopkjksa dk izcy izHkko gSA mudk jk"Vª iw.kZRo dh izfrHkk gS] ftlls fd mUgksua s —".k ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA —".k Jhfo".kq ds vorkj ekus tkrs gSAa vr% —".kksikluk Hkh LojkT; ;K dk gh ijorhZ :i ekuk tkrk gSA ';ke jax prqonZs h ds vuqlkj iw.kZRo dk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA mudk dguk gS fd ^^ikuh vfèkd gqvk fd uhyk fn[kk] gok ?kuh gqbZ fd uhyh fn[kh] vkdk'k ?kuk gqvk fd uhyk fn[kkA ;g gekjk n`f"V nks"k gS ;k n`f"V ?kks"k gS] dguk dfBu gS] fdarq Åij dh gj mBku dks yksxksa us ';ke lqna j uke gh fn;k gSA esjs fudV rks ';kelqna j ehBk] vkd"kZ.k'khy ije lR; gSA**8 mlds bl dFku ls ;g O;aftr gksrk gS fd Jhjke vkSj Jh—".k dh ';keo.kZrk mudh iw.kZrk vFkok mBku dh lwpd gS vkSj ekr`Hkwfe dh 'kL;';keyk jk"Vª dh iw.kZrk dh vksj xfr dh lwpuk nsrh gSA jk"Vª dh mBku mu fuokfl;ksa dh mBku esa fufgr gS& ^^ekr`Hkwfe gS mldh ftldks mB thuk vkrk gSA ngu Hkwfe gS mldh tks {k.k&{k.k fxjrk tkrk gSA**9 yxHkx lkjs Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa Hkkjr ekrk dk ;g feFkd egk'kfDr dh Nk;k ij gh x<+k x;k gSA fganh lkfgR; Hkh mldk viokn ugha gSA nqcy Z vkSj ijk/khu jk"Vª dks 'kfDriwtk dh t:jr FkhA ns'k esa ;g 'kfDriwtk Hkkjr ekrk dh dh xbZA blds viokn gSa rks ek[kuyky prqonZs h mUgsa —".kksikluk dh oS".ko ijaijk feyh FkhA Jhdkar tks'kh us fy[kk gS fd&^^viuh cqvk ds lkFk oS".ko xhrksa ls izjs .kk ysdj mUgksua s dqN 'kjkjrh jpuk,¡ dhaA bUgha jpukvksa esa ,d fnu ,d xhr QwV iM+k& ';kedqekj eu cl x;ks js--! iz—fr ls ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds csgn izxk<+ lac/a kksa dh tkudkjh cgqr de yksxksa dks gSA iz—fr

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ls c<+dj oS".ko dkSu gks ldrk gS] mldk viuk fdruk dqN gS] mldk viuk D;k gS\ ftl /kjrh ls og tUe ysrh gS] mlh ij lai.w kZr% U;kSNkoj Hkh gks tkrh gSA ¼xksfoan] rqEgkjh gh rks oLrq gS vkSj rqEgsa gh lefiZr gS½A ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds leiZ.k dks] muds cfynkuokn dks iz—fr ds blh i`"BHkwfe ij j[kdj ij[kk tk ldrk gSA**10 ek[kuyky prqonZs h vkjafHkd jpuk ls ysdj —".k ls lacfa /kr dfork,¡ fy[krs jgs vkSj jk"Vªh;rk rFkk iz—fr&izes lac/a kh mudh 'kk;n gh dksbZ dfork gS ftlesa Jh—".k izes dh ouekyk u Vaxh gksA mudh lHkh vkjafHkd dfork,¡ —".kijd gSAa 1904 ls mudh jpukRedrk dk vkjaHk gksrk gS] vkSj blh o"kZ mUgksua s ';keykspu eu cl x;ks js] y?kq Nan] e/kqcna vkfn dbZ dfork,¡ —".k ij fy[kh gSAa 1913 rd ;kuh viuh jpukRedrk ds igys n'kd esa mudh psruk —".k Hkkouk ls bruh vkØkar gks tkrh gS fd cl jluk esa jVus dks ouekyh FkkA ^egyksa ij dqfV;ksa dks okjs*a 'kh"kZd dfork esa os ljnkjksa ij Xoky vkSj ghj&gkj ij ykM+ys ouekyh ds okjus dh ckr djrs gS& a ^^ljnkjksa ij Xoky] vkSj ukxfj;ksa ij czt ckyk,¡A ghj&gkj ij okj ykM+ys ouekyh ouekyk,¡A Nhuw¡xh fuf/k ugha fdlh lkSHkkfxuh] iq.;&izeksnk dhA yky okjuk ugha dgha rw xksn xjhc ;'kksnk dhAA**11 xjhc ;'kksnk dh xksn Hkkjr ekrk dh xksn cu tkrh gSA feFkd dk vk/kqfud :ikarj.k jfr Hkko ds vkyacu ds :ikarj.k ls ?kfVr gksrk gS] rks og ozr curk gSA ozr vkSj dqN ugha fdlh vkyacu ;k ewY; ds izfr n`<+ izes dks dgrs gSAa dfo ^izes ca/ku* ¼1912½ esa caèk tkrk gS& ,d lkFk gh ouekyh ds izes esa vkSj ns'k ek¡ ds izes esa og igyk ^n`<+ ozr* ¼1913½ dks ysrk gS& ^^gksus ouokl dkjkokl] ujdoklA in pwes vejRo mls iM+k jg tkus nsAA lkaoyh lh lwjr dks ek/kqjh lh ewjr dksA izk.k cfy tkus ns rw vk¡[kksa ls u tkus nsAA**12 ;g izes ca/ku bruk izcy gS fd mldh psruk lai.w kZr;k eksfguh lwjr ls vkØkar gks tkrh gS vkSj og dkeuk djrk gS& ^^ftl vksj ns[kw¡ cl vM+h gks rsjh ewjr lkeusA ftl vksj tkÅ¡ jksd ysos rsjh ewjr lkeusAA eSa dgha gksÅ¡ u gksÅ¡ rw eq>s yk[kksa esa gksA eSa eqM¡w+ ftl jkst eugj rw esjh vk¡[kksa esa gksAA**13 ^Hkkjr ekrk* —".k dh Nfo esa fLFkr gSA cafdepanz us Hkkjr ekrk dks ^lqtyka] 'kL; ';keyka* ns[kk FkkA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr tSls dfo;ksa us uhykacj dks Hkkjr ek¡ dk ifj/kku ekuk Fkk( lw;Z vkSj panz dks es[kyk] ufn;ksa dks izes dk izokg rFkk Qwyksa dks eaMuA Nk;kokn 144@ ladYiuk 144@la

ds dfo dks ;g ns'k v#.k vkSj e/kqe; nh[k iM+k Fkk ysfdu ek[kuyky prqonZs h vius ns'k dh /kjrh ls ';key izHkq dh xk¡B ck¡/krs gS]a tksMk+ &tksMh+ yxkrs gS& a ^^';key izHkq ls] izHkq dh xkB ck¡/krh] tksjk&tksjh] lw;Z fdj.k ls] ;g eu&Hkkofu] ;g lksus dh Mksjh] Nud ck¡/krh] Nud NksMr+ h] izHkq ds uo&in&I;kj] iy&iy ogs iVy i`Foh ds fnO;&:i lqdeq kj] dfy;ksa esa jl&laiVq cudj] c¡/kh ewB ouekyh] [kqyh i¡[kqfM+;k¡] ';ke lyksus HkkSjksa ls 'kjekrhAA**14 cafde dh ;g ^lqtyka&lqQyka* ek[kuyky prqonZs h ds ';key izHkq dh Nk;k esa 'kL; ';keyk cuh gSA Hkkjr ekrk esa mlh dh Økafr lek;h gqbZ gSA eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us Hkkjr ekrk dks uhykEcj dk ifj/kku iguk;k FkkA ek[kuyky prqonZs h mlesa —".k dh Nk;k ns[krs gS& a ^^ixyh rsjk BkB] fd;k gS jRukEcu ifj/kkuA x x x vijk/kh gw¡] eaty q ewjr rkdh gk¡ D;ksa rkdh\ ouekyh gels u /kqyx s h ,slh ck¡dh >k¡dhAA**15 ouekyh dh ck¡dh >k¡dh ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* ds fy, Hkkjr ekrk dh ck¡dh >k¡dh cu xbZ gSA ns'k dh ekVh gS ek[ku vkSj /kwfy/kwlj gS —".k dk os'k& ^^ek[ku\ Hkys ekVh Hkys---gks /kwfy/kwlj os'kA [kkÅ¡] f[kyw¡] xkÅ¡ rqEgkjs fot; xhr Lons'kAA**16 bl izdkj ouekyh dh ';keyk Nfo gh Hkkjr ekrk dh Nfo gS vkSj xksiky —".k dk /kwfyèkwlj os'k gh Hkkjr ekrk dk eSyk vk¡py gSA —".kpsruk ek[kuyky th dh dfork esa u rks izklafxd gS vkSj u vkdfLedA ;g Nan&Nan esa lekbZ gqbZ gSA Hkkjrh; ijk/khurk esa os txg&txg nzkiS nh ds phj&gj.k dh dYiuk djrs gS& a ^^vk iqdkjrh gqbZ lHkk esa fnXoluk ds pkjsA vk lc dqN [kksuos kys ds] thou lkFkh NhjAA**17 Hkkjr ek¡ ds phjgj.k ds ohHkRl n`'; dks ns[kdj dfo —".k ls j{kk ds fy, nkSMd + j vkus dh izkFkZuk djrk gS& ^^nzkiS nh Hkkjr ek¡ dk phj] c<+krs nkSM+ ;g egkjktA eku ys]a rks igukus yxw¡] eksj ia[kksa dk I;kjk rktAA**18 ek[kuyky prqonZs h gekjs tkrh; dfo gSAa mudh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk tkrh; psruk ls O;qRiUu gSA mudh tkrh; psruk —".k feFkd ls vuq'kkflr gh ugha oju vkØkar gSA fdlh Hkh tkfr feFkd dh rjg —".k feFkd ds Hkh vlekU; vFkZ gS vkSj ;g vFkZ gekjs Lok/khurk

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laxkz e ds vusd lanHkksaZ ls tqMr+ k pyk tkrk gSA Hkkjr ekrk dh lexz dYiuk mUgksua s —".k feFkd dh Nk;k esa x<+h gS vkSj —".k ds vusd thou izlx a Lok/khurk laxkz e ds izlx a ksa esa lk/kd vkSj vFkZoku gksrs x, gSAa feFkd dk uohuhdj.k ,d leFkZ jpukdkj gh dj ldrk gSA bl n`f"V ls ek[kuyky th dh jpukRedrk cgqr gh le`) gSA os tkrh; thou dh Nfo;k¡ cgqr gh ekfeZd :i ls x<+rs gS(a ouekyh vkSj fxfj/kj muds nwr gS]a jk"Vª Lok/khurk esa muds izjs d curs gSAa mikluk vkSj la?k"kZ ,d fcanq ij fey tkrs gSAa 'kk;n gh fdlh vkSj Hkkjrh; dfo us Hkkjr ekrk dh Nfo —".k feFkd dh Nk;k esa x<+h gksA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh fganh dh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dh ;g ekSfyd vkSj foy{k.k nsu gS] vkSj Js"B ls Js"Brj gSA lanHkZ 1- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 162 2- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 112 3- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqjh dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 107 4- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqjh dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 108 5- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] lkfgR;nsork] i`- 97 6- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] chtqfj dkty vk¡t jgh] i`- 19 7- ek[kuyky prqosZnh] os.kq yks xw¡ts /kkjk] i`- 74 8- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 112 9- ¼la-½ izseukjk;.k VaMu] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] O;fDrRo] —frRo ,oa lkfgR;dkj] i`- 110 10- ek[kuyky prqosZnh jpukoyh] Hkkx&6 ¼izkDdFku½] i`- 113 11- ¼la-½ —".kdqekj xksLokeh] fnyhi flag] Hkkjrh; vkRek ek[kuyky prqosZnh] i`- 63 12- ogh] i`- 63 13- ogh] i`- 63 14- ogh] i`- 64 15- ogh] i`- 65 16- ogh] i`- 65 17- ogh] i`- 65 18- ogh] i`- 65

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fganh ukVdksa esa fo”oca/kqRo ,oa jk"Vªh; fopkj/kkjk & c`toklh xqIrk gekjs lkfgR; esa rks lnSo ls gh fo'oca/kqRo ds xhr xk, tkrs jgs gSAa vkyksP; ;qxhu ukV~;dkjksa dh ukV~;—fr;k¡ rks mlh Hkkouk ls vksrizkrs gSaA Mk- n'kjFk vks>k —r ^Hkkjr fot;* ukVd esa blh Hkkouk dh viukus ij cy fn;k x;k gSA bl ukVd dk leqnx z Iq r ohj xzkeosrl ls viuh uhfr Li"V djrs gq, dgrk gS& leqnx z Iq r ¼xzkeosrl ls½&^^gesa jkT; foLrkj vkSj lkezkT; dh ykylk ugha gSA ge ekuoh; thou dks lq[kh cukus ds vfHkyk"kh gS]a gekjk mn~n”s ; gS& losHZ koarq lqf[ku% losl Z ra q fujke;%A**1 leqnx z Iq r ¼;ksxhjkt f”kokuan ls½& ^^gekjk Hkkjrh; vkn'kZ fo”odY;k.k dk gSA gekjs fy, leLr olq/kk dqVcaq gSA fo”o eaxy vis{k.kh; gSA**2 ukV~;dkj dk fopkj gS fd vkt Hkh gekjk ns”k Hkkjr leLr fo'o dks viuk ifjokj Lohdkj dj lHkh ns”kksa ds lkFk leku Hkko ls jguk pkgrk gSA blh Hkkouk ij cy nsrs gq, vius ukVd izdk”k esa LraHk ,d ik= ds ek/;e ls lq>ko nsrs gS& a gkjhr cIik ¼Tokyk ls½ dgrh gS&^^gesa ,d nwljs ls lkekftd laidZ c<+kus gksx a As fot;h vkSj foftr dh Hkkouk dks u"V dj leku ca/kq cudj jguk gksxkA**3 ukVddkj gfj—".k izes h dk fopkj gS fd leku ca/kqRo dh Hkkouk ds vHkko esa ekuo thou lq[ke; vkSj 'kkafriwod Z ugha jg ldrkA vkt O;fDr vf/kd LokFkhZ gksus ds dkj.k futh ykHk dh vksj mUeq[k gks jgk gSA mls nwljs euq";ksa ds dY;k.k dh fpark uke ek= dh Hkh ugha gSA ^txnxq#* ukVd dk 'kadj dgrk gS&^^vusd /keZ] lainz k;] yksddk;Z ds dks<+ cu x, gS]a vius eks{k dh fpark u dj gesa yksddY;k.k dh fpark djuh pkfg,A**4 ukV~;dkj feJ th us bl ukVd esa fo”odY;k.k dk Hkkjrh; vkn”kZ izLrqr dj izR;sd O;fDr dks vU; izkf.k;ksa ds dY;k.k dks izkRs lkfgr djus ds iz;kl fd, gSAa nso jkt fnus”k —r ^jko.k* ukVd esa eanksnjh ds ek/;e ls blh Hkkouk dks izdV fd;k x;k gS&eanksnjh &^^vkt dk ;q) lalkj dks fouk'k dh vksj ys tk jgk gSA vkt fo'oca/kqRo dh vko”;drk gSA rHkh fo'odY;k.k gks ldrk gS] ugha rks loZuk'k ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ugha gSA**5 ukV~;dkj nsojkt fnus”k us vius bl ukVd }kjk Hkkoh r`rh; egk;q) dh vksj ladrs fd;k gSA vkius jke&jko.k ;q) ds ek/;e ls fo”oukFk dh laHkkoukvksa ij izdk”k Mkyrs gq, vius fopkj izdV fd, gSAa ekuork dh j{kk gsrq fo”oca/kqRork dh ckr lkspuk vfr vko”;d gSA okLrfod lq[k 'kkafr dks izkIr djus ds fy, leLr fo”o dks leHkko ls ns[kuk vfuok;Z gSA gekjs ns”k Hkkjr esa fo”oca/kqRork ds lkFk lkFk ns”k izes vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk ds xhr lnSo ls gh xk;s tkrs jgs gSa D;ksfa d yksd dY;k.k vkSj fo”oca/kqRo gekjh jk"Vªh; ,drk ds fy, dHkh Hkh ck/kd ugha jgkA tuekul esa blh Hkkouk dks izkRs lkfgr djus ds iz;kl fganh 147@ ladYiuk 147@la

ukV~;dkjksa us viuh ukV~;&—fr;ksa }kjk fd;kA ckgjh vkØe.kksa ls ns”k dh j{kk djuk ;qxhu ukVdksa dh eq[; iqdkj gSA ^Ms<+ vjc* ukVd esa fons”kh tklwl yrhQ Ms<+ vjc #i;k dekaMj ukxs”k vSj jhVk dks nsus dk izyksHku nsrk gSA fdarq ns”k izes h jhVk vius ns”k dks cspdj ;g /ku ysuk ugha pkgrhA ukxs”k dks Hkh Lohdkj ugha djus nsrhA ukxs”k Lo;a Hkh ns”kizes h gS fdarq mlesa fo”oca/kqRo dh Hkkouk Hkh gSA og yrhQ dks Hkkx tkus ds fy, dgrk gS vU;Fkk mls xksyh ekj nsxk D;ksfa d yrhQ lSfud ugha cfYd tklwl gSA ukxs”k dk lSfud /keZ fugRFks ij xksyh cckZn ugha djuk pkgrk gSA ukxs”k yrhQ ls dgrk gS&^^rqjra Hkkx tkvks ugha rks ekjs tkvksxAs **6 ukxs'k vkSj jhVk ds ek/;e ls izfs ey th us Hkkjrh; lSfud] vf/kdkj vkSj lSfudksa dh ns”kHkfDr dks fpf=r fd;k D;ksfa d Lokra«;ksÙkj Hkkjrh;ksa us jk"Vªh; egRo dh vogsyuk dh ftls tkx`r djus ds fy, ^m)kj* ukVd dk lqtku gehj ls dgrk gS&^êsjk LFkku gS tkfr;ksa ds nhokjksa dks fxjkdj jk"Vªh;rk dh LFkkiuk djukA**7 gehj canh ekyo nso dks ca/ku eqDr djrk gqvk mlesa ns'k izes dh Hkkouk tkx`r djus dsfy, ns'k dks loksiZ fj ekuus dh f'k{kk nsrk gS&^êSa vkidks thfor j[kuk pkgrk gw¡A vkidks oa'kkfHkeku ds vfrjsd us iFkHkz"V fd;k fdarq gesa tkuuk pkfg, ds ns'k rks tkfr] oa'k vkSj lHkh lkalkfjd oLrqvksa ls Å¡pk gSA mldh eku j{kk ds fy, gesa loZLo cfynku djuk pkfg,A**8 ns”k esa fgan& w eqfLye oSeuL; dks lekIr dj jk"Vªh; ,drk ykus dk iz;kl izes h th us vius ukVd ds ek/;e ls fd;k gSA nqxkZnkl lkainz kf;d oSeuL; dks lekIr djus ds fy, ladh.kZ Hkkoukvksa dk ifjR;kx djuk pkgrh gS&nqxkZnkl ¼vkSjx a tsc dh ikS=h lqQh;rqfUulk ls½&^gesa igys vuko';d ladh.kZ vkSj gkfuizn lhekvksa dks rksMu+ k gksxkA rc mlds Ik'pkr fganw vkSj eqlyekuksa ds chp lkekftd nhokj rksMh+ tk ldsxhA**9 ikjLifjd }s"k vkSj ,drk ds vHkkok esa ns'k esa O;kIr ladh.kZrk dh vksj ladrs djrs gq, izes h th us vius ukVd ^dhfrZLraHk* esa laxkz e flag ds ek/;e ls fy[kk gS&laxkz e flag ¼jkt;ksxh ls½&^ge NksV& s NksVs jkT;] tkfr vkSj oa”k dh ladh.kZrkvksa ds ckgj n`f"V ys gh ugha tk ldrsA Hkkjr dh 'kfDr vikj gS] fdarq vKs; ugha] og vKs; gks ldrs gS]a ;fn Hkkjrh;ksa esa nwjnf”kZrk vk lds] ladh.kZrkvksa dh lhek,¡ rksMh+ tk ldsAa O;fDrxr fgr ds Åij ge lkewfgd fgr dk /;ku j[kuk lh[k ldsa vksj lai.w kZ ns”k dk tu&cy fdlh ,d >aMs ds uhps vk ldsA**10 blh izdkj ukV~;dkj izes h vius ukVd ^'krjat ds f[kykM+h* esa fy[krs gSa fd ^êsjk fiz; fo"k; lkainz kf;drk gS] ftls tjk mnkj gksdj lkspus ij jk"Vªh; ,drk] tjk xgjs mrjus ij lkaL—frd ,drk vkSj tjk vkSj xgjs mrj dj ns[kus ij ekuoh; ,drk Hkh dg ldrs gSAa **11 ukV~;dkj Mk- yky dk fopkj gS fd izkra h;rk] tkfrokn] vjk"Vªh;rk vkfn Hkkoukvksa dks R;kx dj ,df=r gksus ij gh Hkkjr viuk fodkl dj ldrk gSA ns”kHkDr vkSj ns”knzkgs h 148@ ladYiuk 148@la

dk fp=.k fpjathr us vius ukVd ^rLohj mldh* esa fd;k gSA izLrqr ukVd esa ufyu oekZ] vatuk oekZ ns”kHkDr vksj enu oekZ ns”knzkgs h ik= gS]a tks fd 'k=qvksa }kjk QSyk, x, tky esa Q¡lk gqvk gSA vatuh oekZ vius ifr enu oekZ dk fojks/k djrh gS vkSj dgrh gS& ^^,sls lqgkx dk ty tkuk gh vPNk gSA**12 Kkunso vfXugks=h vius ukVd ^oru dh vkc:* esa ifdLrku vkØe.k ¼1965½ dky esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa dh ohjrk vkSj ukxfjdksa dh lPph ns”k&HkfDr dks fpf=r fd;k gSA bl ukVd dk ikB tLlw egcwc] tks fd foxr nks o"kksaZ ls fNi&fNidj Hkkjrh; lSfud ekspksaZ dk irk yxk jgk Fkk] bykghcD”k dh cM+h iq=h i”kehuk ls 'kknh djus dk Lokax jprk jgrk gS ftlls fd og Hkkjrh; lsuk dk Hksn tku ldsA ijarq tc Ik”kehuk dks ;g irk py tkrk gS fd egcwc nq”euksa dks [kcjsa igq¡pkus tkrk gS rks og mls xksyh ekj nsrh gSA i'kehuk vkSj mldh NksVh cgu js”kek ikd tklwl estj tkosn vkSj ?kqliSfB;s dkys [kk¡ rFkk xqykc dks xyr jkLrk crkdj mldh lkjh cVkfy;u dks ekj Mkyrh gSA estj tkosn tc ?kcM+kdj i'kehuk ls bl lac/a k esa iwNrk gS rc og dgrh gS&^^'kSrku] vc rw 'kk;n ges”kk ;kn j[ksxk fd d”ehjh [kwclwjrh ds vanj bLikrh 'kfDr fNih gSA**13^^¼xksyh yx tkus ij Hkh½ gekjs oru dh vkc: bruh lLrh ugha] ge u jgsa rks D;k d”ehj ftank jgsxk] fganLq rku ftank jgsxkA**14 ejrs le; i'kehuk ds ;s 'kCn tks fd viuh cgu js”kek ls mlus dgk tks jk"Vªh;rk ls vksr izkrs gS&^^[kqnk ls nqvk dj fd ge vxys tUe esa fQj blh ikd tehu ¼Hkkjr½ ij gh iSnk gksa vkSj vius oru dh vkc: ds fy, blh rjg ejsAa **16 eqlyeku ds uke ij estj tkosn bykghcD”k dks lainz k; ds pDdj esa Q¡lkdj Hksn tkuus dk iz;kl djrk gSA fdarq bykghcD”k lPpk Hkkjrh; gSA ns”k dk nq”eu gekjk nq”eu gS pkgs og eqlyeku gks ;k fdlh Hkh etgc dks ekuus okyk gksA lanHkZ 1- n'kjFk vks>k] Hkkjr fou;] laLdj.k] i`- 131&132 2- n'kjFk vks>k] Hkkjr fou;] laLdj.k] i`- 158 3- gfj—".k izseh] Ikzdk'k LraHk] i`- 41 4- y{eh ukjk;.k feJ] Tkxnxq#] i`- 47 5- y{eh ukjk;.k feJ] Tkxnxq#] i`- 47 6- gfj—".k izseh] Ms<+ vjc] i`- 19&20 7- gfj—".k izseh] m)kj] i`- 19&20 8- gfj—".k izseh] m)kj] i`- 7 9- gfj—".k izseh] m)kj] i`- 35 10- gfj—".k izseh] dhfrZLraHk] i`- 113 11- gfj—".k izseh] 'krjat ds f[kykM+h] i`- 73 12- gfj—".k izseh] 'krjat ds f[kykM+h] i`- 60 13- Kku nso vfXugks=h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 123 14- Kku nso vfXugks=h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 124 15- Kkunso vfXugks=h] oru dh vkc:] i`- 69

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Ukkfljk 'kekZ ds miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* esa fganw&eqfLye HkkbZpkjk & feuk{kh iz-vkj-dsizfl) lkfgR;dkj ukfljk 'kekZ dk tUe fganh dk lkfgfR;d dsna z bykgckn esa gqvkA ukfljk 'kekZ ,d laiUu eqfLye f”k;k ifjokj esa tUeh FkhA firk mnwZ ds izkQ s l s j gksus ds lkFk gh izxfr'khy fopkjksa okys O;fDr Fks tks dfo Hkh FksA blh dkj.k mUgsa ys[kdh; fojklr /kjksgj ds :i esa gh feyh gSA ukfljk dh f'k{kk dk izkjaHk ?kj ls gh gqvkA os viuh ek¡ dks viuh izFke xq# ekurh gSA mUgksua s lu~ 1975 esa dgkuh ys[ku “kq: fd;kA lu~ 1975 esa ^lkfjdk* ds uoys[ku vad esa mudh ^cqr[kkuk* vkSj ^euksjek* if=dk esa ^rdktk* dgkuh izdkf'kr gqbAZ viuh 28 o"kksaZ dh jpukRed ;k=k esa ukfljk “kekZ us dgkuh] miU;kl] vuqokn] leh{kk] i=dkfjrk vkfn fofo/k {ks=ksa esa vius ys[k izLrqr fd, gSAa ukfljk “kekZ vkt ds le; dh vxz.kh miU;kldkj gSAa mUgksua s vius miU;kl rFkk dgkfu;ksa }kjk lekt dh dbZ Toyar leL;kvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gS vkSj mu leL;kvksa ds izfr lekt esa tkxj.k dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* miU;kl }kjk mUgksua s vkt dh Toyar leL;k vFkkZr ^ikuh* dh leL;k dks mHkkjk gS vkSj blh ls tksMd + j Hkkjr dh ml /keZfujis{k Nfo dks izLrqr fd;k gS ftlesa fgan& w eqlyekuksa dk vkilh HkkbZpkjk vius lgt :i esa ped mBrk gSA pwf¡ d Hkkjr ,d /keZfujis{k ns'k gSA ;gk¡ gj tkfr /keZ ds yksx jgrs gSAa Hkkjr esa gj /keZ dks leku ntkZ vkSj lEeku fn;k tkrk gSA vkt ls dbZ o"kZ iwoZ Hkkjr esa fgan& w eqfLye Hksn ukeek= Hkh ugha FkkA tc Hkkjr ij vQ+ty [kku] vdcj tSls ckn'kkg vkSj vU; jktkvksa us jkt fd;k rc Hkh Hkkjr dh turk esa /keZ ds izfr HksnHkko dk rfud Hkh LFkku ugha FkkA fdarq vaxt sz ksa ds vkxeu ds Ik'pkr Hkkjr esa ;g HkkbZpkjk dqN gn rd de gksrk x;kA vaxt sz ksa dh ^QwV Mkyks jkt djks* okyh uhfr ds Ik'pkr Hkkjr esa Å¡p&uhp] fgan& w eqlyeku Hksn iuius yxs] vkSj blh dk Qk;nk mBkdj vaxt sz ksa us Hkkjr ij Ms<+ lkS o"kkaZs rd jkt fd;kA ysfdu ;g eueqVko T;knk le; rd u py ldk D;ksfa d gj ,d Hkkjrh; ds eu esa /keZ ls igys Hkkjrh; gksus dh Hkkouk rhoz Fkh vkSj var esa mUgksua s ;g lkfcr dj fn;k fd pkgs og fganw gks ;k eqlyeku fl[k gks ;k bZlkbZ os lcls igys Hkkjrh; gSAa blds uho esa mudk vkilh HkkbZpkjk] vkilh izes fQj ls ,d ckj nq'eu dks Hkxkus rFkk Lora=rk ikus esa ,d lathouh lkfcr gqvkA ukfljk “kekZ us Hkh vius miU;kl }kjk ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd pkgs fdruh gh dfBukb;k¡ ;k ruko gks ij vkt Hkh lekt esa fgan& w eqfLye vkilh izes vkSj HkkbZpkjk iwjh rjg lekIr ugha gqvk gSA mUgksua s vius miU;kl ^dqb;k¡tku* }kjk ;g ckr ikBdksa ds le{k ykbZ gSAa os Hkh tkurh gSa fd vkt vk/kqfudhdj.k ds bl ;qx esa fj'rs&tTckr lc ihNs 150@ ladYiuk 150@la

NwVrs tk jgs gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh vkt Hkh dgha u dgha balkuh tTckr esa izes 'ks"k gS vkSj le; vkus ij og tkx tkrk gSA oDr vkus ij fgan& w eqlyeku ihNs NwV tkrk gS vkSj 'ks"k fn[kkbZ nsrh gS dsoy balkfu;r rFkk ;g Hkkouk fd ge lcls igys balku gSA blh Hkkouk ds pyrs eqlhcr esa ,d O;fDr nwljs ds dke vkrk gSA ;gh lR; ukfljk 'kekZ ds bl miU;kl esa >ydrk gSA ukfljk “kekZ us vius bl miU;kl }kjk eqlyeku dh gh ugha cfYd fganw laL—fr dks Hkh ikBdksa ds le{k izLrqr fd;k gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* miU;kl esa ,sls dbZ izlx a fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tgk¡ fgan& w eqfLye vkilh HkkbZpkjk rFkk mudk isez vkSj balkfu;r izR;{k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ,sls dbZ izlx a ukfljk “kekZ us ;gk¡ n'kkZ, gSa ftUgsa ns[kdj ;g le>k tk ldrk gS fd mUgksua s vius miU;kl esa vk/kqfud ;qx dh lkjh leL;kvksa ls lekt dks voxr rks djk;k gh gS lkFk gh fgan& w eqfLye ds vkilh izes o HkkbZpkjs dks vkSj etcwr djus dk iz;kl Hkh fd;k gSA miU;kl ds gj igyw esa Hkkjr dh vusdrk esa ,drk rFkk fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr dk cM+k gh lanq j la;ksx ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ^dqb;k¡tku* ds fo"k; esa ;fn ppkZ dh tk, rks loZiFz ke iUuk lqukj vkSj jetkuh ds lacèa kksa ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd muesa fgan& w eqfLye HksnHkko dk nwj rd dgha Hkh LFkku ugha gSA muds vkilh izes vkSj HkkbZpkjs dks ns[kdj ;g fo'okl gks tkrk gS fd vkt Hkh lekt esa balkuh tTckr iwjh rjg [kRe ugha gq, gSAa ,sls izlx a ksa }kjk ukfljk “kekZ us fgan& w eqfLye lac/a k vkSj mudh laL—fr rFkk vusdrk esa ,drk dk lqna j fp= ikBdksa ds le{k izLrqr fd;k gSA iUuk lqukj tks fganw gS rFkk jetkuh /keZ ls eqlyeku gS fQj Hkh tc iUuk lqukj dks dbZ o"kksaZ rd larku ugha gksrh rc jetkuh gh ,d ek¡ dh rjg mls vtesj ekFkk Vsd vkus dh lykg nsrh gSA var esa iwjs vV~Bkjg o"kksaZ ds ckn iUuk ds ?kj larku gksrh gSA larku ds tUe ds le; Hkh jetkuh rqjra vkdj iUuk dh iRuh dk izlo djkrh gSA og lkjs HksnHkko Hkwydj balkfu;r dk /keZ igys fuHkkrh gSA og iUuk lqukj dh [kq'kh esa lkFk jgrh gSA csVs dks iUuk lqukj dks nsrs gq, dgrh gS&^^yso ns[kks csVok dk eq¡g vkSj fugky dj nso vkt jetkuh dksA**1 bl izlx a ls ;g Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd jetkuh vkSj iUuk lqukj ds chp vkilh HkkbZpkjk izes gh gS tks mUgsa ,d nwljs dh enr djus ds fy, izkRs lkfgr djrk gSA iUuk lqukj }kjk jetkuh dks lksus dk gkj fn;k tkuk ;g Hkh muds viuRo dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA ,sls izlx a ksa dks ns[kdj ;g Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd ^dqb;k¡tku* ds }kjk Hkkjr dh vusdrk esa ,drk dks fdl izdkj ukfljk “kekZ us fn[kk;k gSA muds ik=ksa ds vkilh lac/a k ns[kdj ,slk tku iM+rk gS fd os fHkUu u gksdj ,d gh gSAa vkxs ds izlx a esa 'kehek vkSj jRuk ds ifjokj ds vkilh lac/a k ns[kdj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt Hkh ukfljk “kekZ tSls dqN miU;kldkjksa ds dkj.k lekt esa dgha u dgha balkuh tTckr thfor gS ftlls izkRs lkgu ikdj lekt dh mUufr esa lgk;rk izkIr gks

151@ ladYiuk 151@la

ldrh gSA 'kehek dk ifjokj vkSj jRuk dk ifjokj nksuksa iM+kl s h gSA /keZ dh n`f"V ls fHkUu gksrs gq, Hkh muds ifjokj ds vkilh isez rFkk HkkbZpkjs dks ns[kdj ;g vuqeku yxkuk eqf”dy gS fd dkSu fganw dkSu eqlyekuA nksuksa ifjokj ds izes esa fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr Hkh ,d gksrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA lkjs /keksaZ ls igys nksuksa ifjokj ds lnL; pkgs og L=h gks ;k iq#"k lcls igyk viuk iM+kl s h /keZ fuHkkus ds fy, rS;kj jgrs gSAa nksuksa gh ifjokj pkgs lq[k gks ;k nq%[k vkil esa ck¡V ysrs gSa vkSj izes iwod Z 'kkafriw.kZ thou O;rhr djrs gSAa tc nsj jkr rd esgnh ?kj ugha ykSVrk rc 'kehek lcls igys viuh iM+kl s h jRuk ls iwNrh gS& ^^HkkbZ lkgc vk x, D;k\**2 ;gk¡ fgan& w eqlyeku ,d ifjokj tSls jgrs gSAa vkSj bu nksuksa ifjokjksa esa loZiFz ke balkfu;r vkSj fo'okl dk izk/kkU; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g fo'okl O;FkZ Hkh ugha gksrkA jRuk 'kehek dks lkaRouk ns mldh fpark de djrh gSA og mls ikuh ds dkj.k gqbZ ekjihV dk izlx a crkrh gS rc 'kehek dh tku esa tku vkrh gS vkSj og dgrh gS& ^^vksg! eSa rks--- vPNk fQj os vkrs gksx a As **3 bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd nksuksa dk /keZ ,d txg gS fdarq muds chp dk fo'okl vkSj izes gh muds thou dk lR; gSA ;g fo'okl izes dsoy ,d rjQ ugha gSA jRuk dk ifjokj Hkh vius eqf'dy le; esa 'kehek ds ifjokj dks gh ;kn djrk gSA tc jRuk dk ifr jes'k ckgj ikuh okys crk'ks [kk ysrk gS vkSj vk/kh jkr esa vpkud mldh rfc;r fcxM+ tkrh gS] rc jRuk Hkh 'kehek ds ifjokj dks gh enn ds fy, iqdkjrh gSA nksuksa pkgs /keZ ls Hkys gh vyx gks ysfdu mudk ,d nwljs ds izfr tTckr ,d gh gSA 'kehek jRuk ds vkokt yxkrs gh rqjra tkx tkrh gSA 'kehek dk iwjk ifjokj jes'k ds LokLF; dks ysdj ijs'kku gks mBrk gSA ;gk¡ u gh Å¡p&uhp] u gh fgan& w eqlyeku Hksn fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dsoy isez vkSj balkfu;r fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ,sls izlx a tks miU;kl ds gj igyw esa vk, gSa gesa gekjh laL—fr ls voxr djkrs gSAa gekjs tTckrksa dks tksMu+ s dk iz;Ru djrs gSAa 'kehek dh lkl vuojh csxe tks cqtx Zq efgyk gS og Hkh vius cPpksa dh Hkk¡fr gh jes'k ds fy, ?kjsyw nokb;k¡ crkus yxrh gSAa ftlls mudk fuLokFkZ izes fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ;s os gh yksx gSa tks igys ls gh fgan& w eqlyeku laL—fr dks tksMu+ s dk iz;kl djrs vk, gSAa vkt tks dqN tTckr cps gSa og bu cqtx q ksaZ dh lh[k dh gh cnkSyr gSA ftl izdkj vUkojh csxe esgnh ls dgrh gS& ^^og esjk pwju ysrs tkvks( nks pqVdh f[kykdj ikuh fiyk nksA lc Bhd gks tk,xkA**4 vuojh csxe ds }kjk Hkkjr ds cqtx q Z nksuksa laL—fr;ksa ds esy esa fdl izdkj uhao dk dke djrs gSa ;g ukfljk “kekZ us fn[kk;k gSA os gh vius cPpksa dk ekxZn'kZu djrs gSa vkSj viuk isez cPpksa esa ck¡Vrs gSAa esgnh lxs HkkbZ dh Hkk¡fr jes”k ds ikl igq¡p ml dk /;ku j[krk gS vkSj jRuk dks vk'oLr djrk gS fd ^^vxj bl ls vkjke u feyk rks MkDVj dks cqyk ykÅ¡xkA ojuk vLirky ys tkÅ¡xkA**5 vkt bl vk/kqfud ;qx esa tgk¡ HkkbZ&HkkbZ dk nq'eu cu cSBk gS ogh esgnh rFkk jes'k tSls mnkgj.k lekt dh ,drk dh Hkkouk dks etcwr djrs gSAa tSl& s tSls miU;kl dh dgkuh vkxs c<+rh gS bl izdkj ds n`'; 152@ ladYiuk 152@la

vkrs jgrs gSa tks gekjh laons ukvkas dks >d>ksj dj j[k nsrs gSAa vkxs dgkuh ds nwljs iMko ij deky tks is'ks ls MkWDVj gS dsoy t:jreanksa dh lgk;rk djuk gh viuk /keZ le>rk gSA laiUu ifjokj ls gksrs gq, Hkh lcls igys og lsok /keZ vkSj balkfu;r dks iz/kkurk nsrk gSA mlds fy, mldk ejht pkgs og fganw gks ;k eqlyeku ,d leku gSA blh dkj.k ls tSls gh mls ghjk igyoku dh gkyr ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS og rqjra tkdj mldk bykt djrk gS] og ;g ugha lksprk fd ghjk fganw gSA mlds fy, rks dsoy lsok/keZ] balkfu;r gh mldk /keZ gSA og Qhl ysus ls Hkh badkj dj nsrk gS vkSj dgrk ^^og rks fey xbZA**6 mlds O;ogkj dks ns[kdj dgk tk ldrk gS fd balkfu;r vkt Hkh lekt esa dgha u dgha gS( ;g dguk vuqfpr ugha gksxkA ukfljk “kekZ us vius ik=ksa }kjk ,drk rFkk lsokHkko dks c<+kok fn;k gSA muds miU;klksa esa xaxk&tequh rgthc vFkkZr fgan& w eqfLye laL—fr dks vyx&vyx ugha cfYd ,d:irk ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vius miU;klksa ds }kjk mUgksua s lekt dks ,d lkFk tksMu+ s dk iz;kl fd;k gSA vkt tgk¡ euq"; vius LokFkZ gsrq HksnHkko iSnk dj viuk eryc fl) djuk pkgrk gS ogha ukfljk “kekZ tSls dqN fxus& s pqus lkfgR;dkj vius lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls lekt esa ,drk dks iqu%LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gSAa lanHkZ 1. Ukkfljk 2. Ukkfljk 3. Ukkfljk 4. Ukkfljk 5. Ukkfljk 6. Ukkfljk

'kekZ] 'kekZ] 'kekZ] 'kekZ] 'kekZ] 'kekZ]

dqb;k¡tku] dqb;k¡tku] dqb;k¡tku] dqb;k¡tku] dqb;k¡tku] dqb;k¡tku]

iììììì`-

8 21 21 24 26 21

153@ ladYiuk 153@la

dgkfu;ksa esa laL—fr : nkaiR; thou dk lanHkZ & vpZuk Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa fookg ifo= laLdkj ekuk tkrk gSA bl ifo= laLdkj ds ek/;e ls nks O;fDr;ks]a nks Hkkoukvksa vkSj nks euksa dk feyu gksrk gSA gekjh laL—fr esa fookg dks tUe&tUekarj dk lac/a k le>k tkrk gSA ifr dks ijes'oj vkSj iRuh dks ?kj dh y{eh ;k v/kkZfa xuh dgk tkrk gSA bl ijaijk ds LFkkf;Ro ds fy, djokpkSFk ,oa rht tSls ozr&mioklksa dh ijaijk gSA Lora=rk izkfIr dh cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik'pkR; lH;rk dk izHkko gekjh laL—fr ij iM+k ftlds QyLo:i ifr&iRuh dk ;g ijaijkxr Lo:i Hkh cnykA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ,dkf/kdkj dh Hkkouk dk lekIr gksuk gSA igys L=h&iq#"k ds dk;Z{ks= fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs FksA iRuh dk ,dkf/kdkj ?kj esa Fkk vkSj ifr dk ckgjA ysfdu vkt ,slk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA ?kj ds ca/kuksa dks rksMd + j ukjh iq#"k ds gj {ks= esa izo”s k djus yxh gSA vr% ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa ds ijaijkxr ewY; lekIr gksrs tk jgs gSAa vkfFkZd ladV dk iz'u Hkh cnyko dks js[kkafdr djrk gSA igys iq#"k dk blfy, LokfeRo ekuk tkrk Fkk fd og Lo;a dekrk FkkA iRuh ifr ij vkfJr gksrh FkhA mldh leLr lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk iwjd ifr gh FkkA mls viuh NksVh ls NksVh pkg ds fy, ifr dks fugkjuk iM+rk FkkA ysfdu vc og Lo;a dekrh gSA vr% ijaijkxr fganw ifjokj dh lkl] llqj vkSj ifr dh lsok djus okyh rFkk lkl ds b'kkjs ij ukpus okyh L=h ugha jghA vkfFkZd le`f) gksus ds dkj.k mlus Lora= O;fDr ds vf/kdkjksa dh ek¡x dh vkSj viuh x`gLFkh dks viuh dYiuk ds vuqlkj <kyus dh Hkh dksf'k'k dhA ubZ dgkuh ds ek/;e ls ;g eq[kj gksrk gS fd tgk¡ iRuh ifr dh bPNk ds fo#) viuh vkfFkZd fo"kerk dks nwj djus rFkk vkRelarfq "V ikus gsrq ukSdjh djrh gS ogha og nkaiR; lac/a kksa esa ikjLifjd vf/kdkjksa ds iz'u dh pqukSrh dk dkj.k curh gSA iq#"k ;qxksa ls izkIr vius vkf/kiR; dks bruh 'kh?kzrk ls NksM+ ugha ikrkA iq#"k >qduk lh[krk ugha vkSj L=h dks >qduk Lohdkj ughaA eksgu jkds'k dh ^,d vkSj ftanxh* dgkuh esa izdk'k vkSj chuk ds ek/;e ls blh izdkj ds nkaiR; lac/a k nz’VO; gS& ^^fookg ds dqN eghus ckn ls gh ifr&iRuh vyx&vyx jgus yxs FksA fookg ds lkFk tks lw= tqMu+ k pkfg, Fkk] og tqM+ ugha ldk FkkA nksuksa vyx&vyx txg dke djrs Fks vkSj viuk&viuk Lora= rkuk&ckuk cqudj th jgs FksA**1 vkfFkZd ftEesnkfj;ksa ds dkj.k dgha&dgha bl VwVu dks Lohdkj dj ysrh gS] O;fDrRo dh Lora=rk dh pkg mls >qdus ugha nsrhA blh izdkj ds eu%fLFkfr ds nkaiR; dk fp=.k jktsna z ;kno dh ^VwVuk* esa miyC/k gksrk gSA tgk¡ yhuk dks fd'kksj ds lkFk ,di{kh; le>kSrk gksus ds dkj.k foQy gks tkrk gSA 154@ ladYiuk 154@la

vehj cki dh csVh yhuk izkQ s l s j fd'kksj dh uih&rqyh vk; ls vius ,s'o;Ze; izlkèku ugha tqVk ldrhA2 vr% vyx gksdj fdlh dkWyt s esa ysDpjjf'ki ysdj thus yxrh gSA ifr&iRuh ds lac/a kksa esa vyxko vkus esa nksuksa dh ukSdjh dk Lrj Hkh mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA ifr csjkstxkj gks ;k mldh ukSdjh vis{kr% fuEuLrj dh gks rks iRuh Lor% ifr ls Å¡ph gks tkrh gS ftls iq#"k dk vga Lohdkj ugha djrk vkSj iRuh ;fn ifr ds foHkkx esa dke djrh gks rks ifr ds fy, fLFkfr vkSj Hkh daBq ktud fl) gksrh gSA iRuh ds lkekU; O;ogkj ls Hkh ifr langs djus yxrk gS fd iRuh mls tkucw>dj uhpk fn[kkuk pkgrh gSA vius uSlfxZd LoHkko ds vuqlkj ukjh vusd diV lgus ds fy, rS;kj jgrh gS fdarq vius izfr vfo'okl ,oa langs lgu ugha dj ldrh ftlds QyLo:i nksuksa ds chp dyg dk tUe gksrk gS vkSj nwfj;k¡ c<+us yxrh gSAa 'kf'k izHkk 'kkL=h us viuh ^xzkz Fs k* dgkuh esa blh fo"k; dks vyx ut+j ls ns[kkA vius vga dks dk;e j[kus vkSj iRuh ls cnyk ysus ds fy, ifr uhp dk;Z djuk 'kq: djrk gSA og rk”k [ksyrk gS] 'kjkc ihdj jkr&jkrHkj ckgj jgus yxrk gSA ifr dk vga blls Hkh lar"q V ugha gks ikrkA og iRuh ds vkWfQl ds gj O;fDr dks mldk ;kj&nksLr djkj nsrk gS vkSj lHkh izdkj ls lac/a kksa dks lsDl ds lanHkZ esa gh ij[krk gSA ^^eq>s ns[kus vkus dk rks cgkuk gS] lc yksx rsjh [kkfrj gh vkrs gSAa **3 blh izdkj ubZ dgkuh esa vk/kqfud thou ls mRiUu nkaiR; lac/a kksa esa vk, folaxfr;ksa dks ;FkkFkZ :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA gekjh ftanxh es]a gekjs vkl&ikl ds ifjos”k es]a lacèa kksa esa o ifr&iRuh lac/a kksa esa fdruk cnyko vk x;k gS rFkk ifr&iRuh ds chp fdruk vdsykiu] ?kqVu vkSj fujk”kk dh fLFkfr iSnk gks xbZ gS&bu lcdks ysdj ;g ubZ dgkuh l'kDr <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djrh gSA orZeku ;qx esa ifr&iRuh dks ,d&nwljs dks Hkkj ugha ekuuk pkfg, cfYd ,d nwljs ds lkFk lg;ksx ,oa drZO; Hkjk ln~O;ogkj djuk pkfg, rFkk erHksn vkSj vlarks"k mRiUu djus okys dkj.kksa ij fopkj&foe”kZ dj lfg".kqrkiwod Z lqy>k ysuk pkfg,A nwljh rjQ iRuh dks viuh ;ksX;rk] dq”kyrk] O;oLFkkfiz;rk vkSj nwjnf'kZrk tSls ln~x.q kksa ls ifr ,oa mlds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk lkeatL; cSBkuk pkfg,A ;gh lQy nkaiR; dh vkèkkjf'kyk gSA orZeku ;qx esa le; dh ek¡x gS fd ukjh Lora= vkSj Lokoyach rks cus] ijarq mPN`[a ky ughaA og la;fer jgrs gq, viuk fodkl djs vkSj lQyrk ds lksiku ij p<+As ;gh nkaiR; thou dh lQyrk dk ewyea= gS tks Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh fo'ks"krk gSA lanHkZ 1- Ekksgu jkds'k] ,d vkSj ftanxh 2- jktsanz ;kno] VwVu 3- 'kf'k izHkk 'kkL=h] xzksFk

155@ ladYiuk 155@la

i;kZoj.k foe'kZ ^Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k& gsera k fcâ€™V

156@ ladYiuk 156@la

kuiYdal @ 7 5 1

^Mwc* miU;kl esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k & gseark fc fc""V fdlh fo'ks"k fn”kk esa xfr'khy oLrq dks] fLFkfr ifjorZu dks mldk foLFkkiu dgrs gSAa vFkkZr foLFkkiu dk vFkZ gS O;fä] ifjokj vFkok ifjokj ds lewgksa dk ,d LFkku ls fdlh nwljs LFkku ij LFkkukarj.kA vaxt sz h esa foLFkkiu dks fMlIyslesVa dgrs gSAa ;g leL;k rc vkrh gS tc ljdkj ;k dksbZ vkSj fodkl ds uke ij uxj ;k xk¡o dks cjckn dj nsrs gSa vkSj mUgsa dgha vkSj tkus ds fy, etcwj dj nsrs gSAa blls ljdkj mudh tehu vkSj jksth jksVh rks Nhu gh ysrh gS ysfdu mUgsa foLFkkfir djus ds uke ij vius drZO;ksa ls frykatfy ns nsrh gSA O;fä vFkok lekt dh çxfr ds fy, LFkkf;Ro vko';d gSA vr% ckj&ckj foLFkkiu çxfr esa ck/kd gksrk gSA foLFkkiu ds vusd dkj.k gks ldrs gSAa tSls fd Hkwdia ] lqukeh] ck<]+ vdky] egekjh bR;kfn çk—frd vkink,¡] 'k=q ns'k dk vkØe.k vFkok lSfud vfHk;ku] mxzoknh vFkok uDlyoknh vkØe.k] cM+& s cM+s ck¡/kksa dk fuekZ.k vFkok fdlh cM+h unh ij ck¡/k dk fuekZ.k] lkaçnkf;d nax]s jktuSfrd dkj.k] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k vkSj csdkjh] fodkl ;kstuk vkfnA bu lc dkj.kksa ls xk¡oksa dks mtM+rs geus dbZ ckj ns[kk gSA dHkh&dHkh ifjokj] f'k{kk dh vko';drk vFkok vFkksiZ ktZu tSls futh dkj.kksa ls Hkh foLFkkfir gksuk iM+rk gSA cM+s egkuxjksa esa ljdkjh vFkok xSjljdkjh ;kstukvksa o fuekZ.kksa ds dkj.k Hkh xjhc cfLr;ksa esa jgus okys lekt dks foLFkkfir gksuk iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k esa fodkl ds ekStnw k nkSj esa foLFkkiu dh leL;k cgqr fodV gks xbZ gSA ,d vksj igys gq, foLFkkiu ls =Lr yksxksa dks vHkh U;k; ugha fey ik;k gS] rks nwljh vksj mlls Hkh cM+s iSekus ij fdlku vkSj fo'ks"kdj vkfnoklh fdlku u, fljs ls foLFkkfir gks jgs gSAa fodkl ds Øe esa euq"; us ftu miknkuksa dks fodflr fd;k Fkk vk/kqfud fodkl us fiNyh rhu 'krkfCn;ksa esa u lcdks lesV dj ,d ,slh fn'kk ns nh ftlesa fd flQZ 'kfä'kkyh euq"; gh lqduw ls jg ldrk gSA ekuo lH;rk dk bfrgkl vkSj foLFkkiu laHkor% lekukarj /kkjk,¡ gSAa igyk foLFkkiu dc gqvk] ;g tku ikuk rks vlaHko gSA vukfndky ls fofHkUu lH;rkvksa ds varxZr vusd uxjksa vkSj HkkSfrd lainkvksa ds fuekZ.k us laHkor% foLFkkiu dh uhao j[kh gksxhA foLFkkiu dh uhao esa ewyr% HkkSfrd fodkl gh jgk gSA Hkkjr esa vkfnoklh tulewgksa dk foLFkkiu o iyk;u rks lfn;ksa igys ls gh gks jgk gS ijarq b/kj fodkl ds uke ij cjrh xbZ uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k viuh tehuks]a taxyks]a lalkèkuksa o xk¡oksa ls gh csn[ky ugha gq, cfYd vusd ewY;ks]a uSfrd vo/kkj.kkvks]a thou 'kSfy;ks]a Hkk"kkvksa ,oa laL—fr ls Hkh muds foLFkkiu dh çfØ;k rst gks xbZ gSA bl foLFkkiu esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi o uhfr;ksa ds lkFk& lkFk rFkkdfFkr eq[;/kkjk ds lekt }kjk muds 158@ ladYiuk 158@la

lalk/kuksa ij dCtk djds mUgsa csn[ky dj nsuk Hkh muds foLFkkiu o iyk;u dk eq[; dkj.k jgk gSA vktknh ds ckn ;kstukc) fodkl ls vkfFkZd {ks= esa fo'ks"kr;k vk/kkjHkwr fodkl dk;ksZa esa Økafrdkjh çxfr rks gqbZ ysfdu bl çxfr ds fy, mu yk[kksa yksxksa dks bldh Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+h ftUgsa fcuk bPNk ds viuh tehu] ?kj vkSj jksth jksVh ls gkFk /kksuk iM+kA gj ns'k esa fodkl uhfr dk y{; çk;% ;gh gksrk gS fd blds rgr lcdks fodkl dk leku vf/kdkj feys] ysfdu gekjs ns'k esa vkt vktknh ds brus o"kksZa ckn Hkh ;gh irk pyk gS fd bl uhfr ls fdN yksxksa dk fodkl vla[; yksxksa dh dher ij gqvk gS] [kkl dj vkfnokfl;ksa dh dher ijA fodkl uhfr ds fu/kkZfjr y{; ds vuqlkj fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa cu jgh ifj;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls iwjs lekt dks çxfr dh jkg ij ykuk Fkk ysfdu gqvk Bhd blds foijhrA vehj vkSj xjhc] lk/ku laiUu vkSj lk/ku foghu ds e/; dh [kkbZ de gksus ds ctk; vkSj xgjh gksrh xbZ gSA jk"Vªfgr ds uke ij cs'kqekj yksxksa dh tehusa vf/kxzfgr dj mUgsa u dsoy foLFkkfir fd;k cfYd muds lanHkZ esa lafo/kku esa çnÙk ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa dk Hkh mYya?ku fd;k x;kA Hkkjr ftl j¶rkj ls ^fodkl* vkSj vkfFkZd ykHk dh nkSM+ esa Hkkx ys jgk gS mlh HkkxeHkkx esa 'kgjh vkSj xk¡oksa dh leL;k dks >syuk iM+ jgk gSA tks Hkh FkksMk+ cgqr muds ikl gS oks lc muls Nhuh tkrh gSA fctyh o ikuh vkfn vU; leL;kvksa ls tw>us ds fy, ufn;ksa ij cuk, x, ck¡/k }kjk mRiUu foLFkkiu gh lcls cM+h leL;k gSA foLFkkiu dh bl nkSj esa jktuhfrd fgalk] nykyh vkSj fookn cgqr c<+ x, gSAa foLFkkiu ij tks tu lquokb;ksa dk vk;kstu gksrk gS] og fu;eiwod Z o U;k;laxr <ax ls drbZ ugha gksrk gSA tehu dk cVokjk gks ;k jkstxkj lHkh {ks= esa jktuhfr dk f?kukSuk [ksy [ksyk tk jgk gSA foLFkkfirksa dks mudh tehu ds cnys dqN ugha feyrk rks nwljh vksj Hkw&ekfQ;k ds yksx viuk Qk;nk ns[krs gSAa bu lc dkj.kksa ls turk esa vkØks'k dh Hkkouk us tUe fy;k gSA fVgjh ck¡/k bl ckr dk thfor mnkgj.k gSA yksx iqjkuh fVgjh dks ugha NksMu+ k pkgrs FksA blds fy, fdrus gh fojksèk gq,] tqyl w fudkys x, fdarq ljdkj ds ncko ds dkj.k mUgsa nwljh txg ij cluk iM+kA vius iwot Z ksa dh fojklr dks NksMd + j tkus esa mUgsa fdl nq[k ls xqtjuk iM+k gksxk bl osnuk dks ogh tkurs gSa A foLFkkiu dk ;g nnZ lcls vf/kd vkfnokfl;ksa dks >syuk iM+ jgk gSA vkfnoklh viuh vyx gh nqfu;k esa jgrs gSAa mUgsa bu lc ls dksbZ eryc ugha jgrk( uk gh os viuh ftanxh esa ijaijkvksa vkSj :f<+;ksa ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh rjg dk cnyko ykuk pkgrs gSAa os ç—fr ls feyh HksVa dks gh viuk LoxZ le>rs gSa ysfdu foLFkkiu us mudh ftanxh csgky dj nh gSA os uk rks vc iwjh rjg ls taxyh jgs gSa vkSj uk gh 'kgjh cu ik,A tc ljdkj yksxksa dh tehu dk tcjnLrh vf/kxzg.k dj ysrh gS rks eqvkotk nsrs le; ;g leL;k vkrh gS fd yksxksa ds ikl tehu ls lacfa /kr dkxtkr miyC/k ugha jgrs vkSj 159@ ladYiuk 159@la

,sls yksxksa dk mlesa crkSj ekfyd ftØ ugha gksrk tks n'kdksa ls ml tehu ij [ksrhckM+h dj jgs gSAa ;gh otg gS fd dbZ xk¡ookyksa dks rks eqvkots dh FkksMh+ jkf'k Hkh çkIr ugha gksrhA nwljh vksj Hkz"V vf/kdkjh fj'or ds fcuk eqvkots dk Hkqxrku ugha djrsA tc iwjk xk¡o foLFkkfir gksrk gS rks LFkkuh; taxy] unh&ukys vkSj pkjs dh tehu Hkh xk¡o okyksa dh igq¡p ls nwj gks tkrh gSA mUgsa tks vLFkk;h iquokZl fn;k tkrk gS ogk¡ vkerkSj ij ewyHkwr lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko gksrk gS rFkk vkl ikl jkstxkj ds volj Hkh ugha feyrsA tc xk¡o okyksa dks ;fn eqvkots dk Hkqxru dj Hkh fn;k tkrk gS rks bruk iSlk dHkh ugha ns[kus okys ifjokj nwj dh lksps fcuk rqjra csotg [kpZ dj nsrs gSa vkSj cqjh vknrksa ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gSAa muds ikl vk; dk dksbZ fu;fer lk/ku ugha gksrk gSA blh dkj.k os viuh thfodk vkSj eku&lEeku xaok nsrs gSa vkSj os ekfyd ls 'kj.kkFkhZ cu tkrs gSAa foLFkkfir vFkkZr gVk;k x;kA iqjkus dks gVkus ls gh u, dk vkxeu gksrk gSA flQZ ifjorZu gh ewyr% vkSj iw.kZr% lR; gSA ^Mwc* miU;kl esa ck¡/k dk fuekZ.k ,d çrhd gSA Mwc ds {ks= ls xk¡o ds yksxksa dks foLFkkfir djuk gS ftlesa ljdkj dh jktuhfr] HkwekfQ;k rFkk lekt ds yksxksa ds vlyh psgjs çeq[krk ls mHkjdj vk, gSAa ^^ftyk 'kgj esa gesa crk;k x;k fd bl ck¡/k dk ikuh ;gha bdëk fd;k tk,xkA jkt?kkV ds bl rjQ tgk¡ viuk xk¡o gS] tgk¡ ckjh VksM]s+ 'kadjiqj] iapeuxj] fljlkSfn;] fl)iqj] ds'kkSijq gSAa eryc ;s fd ikjh ls çkuiqjk rd ds lc xk¡o [kkyh djok, tk,¡xAs ikuh Nsd a k tk,xk ;gk¡A vius ;s igkM+] ;s iBkfj;k¡ nhokj dk dke djsx a hA ;gk¡ ds yksxksa dks dgha var clk;k tk,xkA --vkSj m/kj unh ikj ds Hkh lSd a M+kas xk¡o mtkM+s tk,¡xAs ogk¡ ck¡/k ij dke djus okys baftuh;j] vksojfl;j] ckcw] etnwj clsx a As --dbZ cjl rd pysxk dkeA rc cu ik,xk ck¡/kA pkj chlh iwjs vLlh djksM+ dynkj [kjp gksx a As rc dgha e/; çns'k vkSj mÙkj çns'k dks fey ik,xh mruh fctyh] ftruh mUgsa t:jr gSA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 109½ ekLlkc ,d v/;kid gSAa os tc 'kgj tkrs gSa rks ogk¡ mUgsa jkt?kkV ck¡/k ifj;kstuk ds ckjs esa irk pyrk gS vkSj os xk¡o vkdj lHkh dks bldh lwpuk nsrs gSAa xk¡o ds yksx ;g tkudj gSjku gks tkrs gSa fd ,d fnu mudk iwjk xk¡o ikuh esa Mwc tk,xkA ml fnu xk¡o esa fdlh ds ?kj pwYgk ugha tyrk] Hkxoku ds eafnj esa la/;k vkjrh ugha gksrh vkSj uk gh Bkdqj th dks Hkksx yxrk gSA os cksyrs gSa fd ?kj ywVuk] u"V djuk rks Mkdqvksa dk dke gS ysfdu ;gk¡ rks ;g dke ljdkj dj jgh gSA og cgqr funZ;h gSA ^^tehuksa dh #i;k fdlkuksa ds gkFk esa vk;k fd cfu;ksa dh pk¡nh gks vkbZA fdlkuksa us gkFk esa vk, dynkj viuh dêh ds [kyhrs esa ckn esa j[ks gksx a s fd igys cfu;ksa us viuk vxyk&fiNyk fglkc pqdrk dj fy;kA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 191½ fdlkuksa dks ljdkj us mudh tehu ds cnys tks eqvkotk fn;k rHkh cfu, olwyh ds fy, rS;kj gks x,A cfu, ekSdk ns[krs gh fdlkuksa ds ikl _.k dh jkf'k olwy djus

160@ ladYiuk 160@la

igqp ¡ x,A vc ;s ykpkj fdlku dgha ds Hkh ugha jgsA tehu vkSj eqvkots dh jkf'k lc lekIr gks x;kA ^^lquk gS fd ljdkj dk bjknk vkids xk¡o dks] fl)iqjk xk¡o dks fQj ogha igkM+ ij clkus dk gS] tgk¡ igys dHkh xqfjyk vkSj fl)iqj xk¡o gqvk djrs FksA ljdkj pkgrh gS fd ;g xk¡o fQj ls igys dh rjg vkckn gks tk, rkfd ns'k fons'k ls vkus okys i;ZVd] ;k=h mUgsa ns[kdj tku lds fd Hkkjro"kZ esa igys ds tekus ds yksx fdl rjg jgrs FksA** ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 279½ cSd a vf/kdkjh vjfoan ikaMs us tc xk¡o ds cqtx q Z O;fä ekrs dks crk;k fd ljdkj ;gk¡ ij vH;kj.; cuk jgh gS vkSj vki ds xk¡o dks igkM+ ij clkus dh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSA ;g lqudj ekrs igys rks ekSu jgs fQj mUgksua s xk¡o ds foLFkkiu dh ;kstuk ds fy, vjfoan ikaMs ls dgk fd dksbZ ljdkj dks le>krk D;ksa ugha gS\ xjhcksa ds thou dh cyh ysdj vkneh;ksa dh dher ij tkuojksa dh j{kk djuk pkgrh gS ;g ljdkjA iwjs xk¡o ds yksxksa dh iwot Z ksa dh vekur dks vehjksa dh rQjhg dk cankscLr djuk pkgrh gS ljdkjA tc ekrs dks jers us cxy ds xk¡o iape uxj ds ckjs esa crk;k fd ^jkt?kkV ck¡/k ds tks Vhys mBk;s Fks uk ck¡/k okyksa us! muesa ls bl rjQ okys Vhys esa jkr dks njkj iM+ xbZA ?kkV ij fNdk reke ikuh Vhyk rksMd + j xk¡oksa esa ?kql x;k gSA iape uxj rd ty gh ty gS ekrs! bruk ty tSls çy; vk xbZ gks! ftruk dHkh fdlh ck<+ ds c[kr ugha vk;kA tkus fdrus yksx ej [ki x,! fdrus <ks# cNs# Mwc x,! fdruh [kM+h Qly Lokg gks xbZAß ¼^Mwc*] ohjsæa tSu] i`- 285½ ekrs ftlus viuh iwjh ftanxh bl xk¡o ds ckjs esa gh lkspk vkt jers dh ckr lqudj og csgks'k gks tkrk gSA dqN le; i'pkr mls gks'k vkrk gSA iwjk xk¡o Mwc x;k gSA ljdkj dh uhfr] Bsdns kjksa dh csbeZ kuh dk dgj iapeuxj xk¡o ij cjlk] ck¡/k ds ikuh us iwjs xk¡o dks [kqn esa lek fy;kA fu"d"kZ :i esa ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd fodkl ds uke ij xk¡o ds yksxksa dks tc foLFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS rks mUgsa cgqr ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA os dgha ds Hkh ugha jg ikrsA ljdkj ;fn dksbZ ;kstuk cukrh gS ;k eqvkotk nsrh gS rks mldk dqN fgLlk gh bUgsa fey ikrk gSA mitkÅ tehu ds cnys esa tks tehu nh tkrh gS og catj jgrh gSA foLFkkiu ls mudh thou 'kSyh cny tkrh gS vkSj os flQZ 'kj.kkFkhZ cudj jg tkrs gSAa

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ehfM;k foe'kZ ia- in~eflag “kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;* & veu dqekj ^R;kxh* Økafr dk chti= % vkapfyd i=dkfjrk & vjfoan dqekj flag ^xksnku* esa çsepan dk thou n'kZu ,oa i=dkfjrk dk lanHkZ & fouksn pkSjfl;k

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kuiYdal @ 3 6 1

ia- in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj ^Hkkjrksn;* & veu dqekj ^R;kxh ^R;kxh** ia- in~eflag “kekZ dk tUe lu~ 1873 bZ- fnu jfookj QkYxqu lqnh 12 laor~ 1933 fodks pkaniqj L;kÅ jsyos LVs”ku ls pkj dksl mÙkj dh vksj uk;d uaxyk uked ,d NksVs ls xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA buds firk Jh mejko flag xk¡o ds eqf[k;k] izfrf’Br] ijksidkjh ,oa izHkko”kkyh O;fDr FksA buds ,d NksVs HkkbZ Fks ftudk uke Fkk Jh fjlky flagA os 1931 bZ- ls iwoZ gh fnoaxr gks x, FksA ia- in~eflag “kekZ dh rhu larku FkhaA buesa lcls cM+h iq=h Fkh vkuanh nsoh] muls NksVs iq= dk uke Jh dk”khukFk Fkk rFkk lcls NksVs iq= jkeukFk “kekZ FksA ia- in~eflag “kekZ ds firk vk;Z lekth fopkj/kkjk ds FksA Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh dh izfr mudh vR;ar J)k FkhA blh dkj.k mudh #fp fo”ks’k :Ik ls laLÑr dh vksj gqbAZ mUgha dh Ñik ls bUgksua s vusd LFkkuksa ij jgdj Lora= :Ik ls laLÑr dk v/;;u fd;kA tc ;s 10&11 o’kZ ds Fks rks bUgksua s vius firkJh ls gh v{kjkH;kl fd;kA fQj edku ij dbZ iafMr v/;kidksa ls laLÑr esa lkjLor] dkSenq h] vkSj j?kqo”a k vkfn dk v/;;u fd;k rFkk ,d ekSyoh lkgc ls mnwZ o Qkjlh dh Hkh f”k{kk yhA lu~ 1894 bZ- esa dqN fnu LoxhZ; Hkhelsu “kekZ bVkok fuoklh dh iz;kxfLFkfr ikB”kyk esa v’Vk/;k;h i<+hA mlds ckn dk”kh tkdj vè;;u fd;kA iqu% eqjknkckn] ykgkSj] tkya/kj] rktiqj ¼fctukSj½ vkfn LFkkuksa ij Hkh vè;;u fd;kA v/;;u lekfIr ds i”pkr~ lu~ 1904 bZ- esa xq#dqy dk¡xM+h esa dqN fnu v/;kiu dk;Z fd;kA mu fnuksa ogk¡ ia- Hkhelsu vkSj vkpk;Z ia- xaxknÙk Hkh FksA mlh le; egkRek eq”a khjke ¼Lokeh J)kuan½ us ia- #nznÙk th ds laikndRo esa gfj}kj ls lR;oknh lkIrkfgd i= dk izdk”ku fd;kA ml le; ia- in~eflag “kekZ Hkh muds laikndh; foHkkx esa FksA budk laiknu ,oa ys[ku dk izkjaHk ;gha ls gqvkA blds ckn rks “kekZ th dk thou ys[ku] laiknu ,oa vè;kiu vkfn esa gh O;rhr gqvkA izkjaHk esa ^lR;oknh* esa gh dbZ ys[k fy[ksA blds ckn lu~ 1908 ds izkjaHk esa tc vkpk;Z xaxknÙk xq#dqy dk¡xM+h NksMd + j _f’kds”k esa jg jgs Fks rks “kekZ th ^ijkisdkjh* ¼ekfld½ if=dk ds ^laiknd* gksdj vtesj oSfnd ;a=ky; esa x,A ogk¡ ij bUgksua s ^ijksidkjh* ds lkFk gh dqN fnu rd ^vukFk j{k.ke~* dk Hkh laiknu fd;kA lu~ 1909 bZ- esa budk vkxeu Tokykiqj egkfo|ky; esa gqvkA ;gk¡ bUgksua s ^Hkkjrksn;* ¼egkfo|ky; dk eq[ki=] ekfld½ dk lEiknu ,oa lkFk gh v/;;u dk;Z Hkh fd;kA lu~ 1911 bZ- esa bUgksua s egkfo|ky; dh izc/a k lfefr ds ea=h in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA bl izdkj egkfo|ky; dh vfojy lsok djrs jgsA buds laikndRo esa ^Hkkjrksn;* if=dk us [kwc [;kfr izkIr dhA lu~ 1927 esa buds firk th dk nsgkar gks x;kA bl dkj.k bUgsa egkfo|ky; NksM+ ?kj vkuk iM+kA egkfo|ky; NksMu+ s ds ckn Jh;qr~ f”koizlkn xqIr ds vuqjks/k ij ;s Kku eaMy esa x,Alu~ 1920 dks eqjknkckn esa la;Dq r izkra h; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu ds lHkkifr cusA blh o’kZ

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budh ekrk th dk nsgkUr gks x;k FkkA lu~ 1922 bZ- esa bUgsa ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* ij eaxykizlkn iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA lu~ 1928 esa bUgksua s vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR; lEesyu dk eqt¶Qjiqj ¼fcgkj½ esa lHkkifrRo fd;kA blh o’kZ bUgksua s xq#dqy dk¡xM+h fo”ofo|ky; esa fganh izkQ s l s j in ij Hkh dk;Z fd;kA lu~ 1911 bZ- esa ^in~eijkx* vkSj ^izc/a k eatjh* dk izdk”ku gqvkA ,d ckj ;s laxgz .kh jksx ls xzLr gks x, rks bUgsa gjnqvkxat yk;k x;k] lkFk esa buds iq= dk”khukFk “kekZ Hkh FksA tc ogk¡ ij fpfdRlk ls dksbZ ykHk u gqvk rks bUgsa eqjknkckn yk;k x;kA ogk¡ Mk-W xaxksyh ih;w’kik.kh dh fpfdRlk djk;h xbZA fdarq ,slh voLFkk esa Hkh vfojr :Ik ls bUgksua s lkfgfR;d lsok dhA ml le; Hkh ,slk dksbZ fnu ugha tkrk Fkk ftlesa ;s nl&iangz fpfV~B;k¡ vius fe=ksa dks u fy[krs gksa ¼ml le; lsok ds fy, dfo ^”kadj* ¼ia- ukFkwjke “kekZ ds iq=½ buds ikl Fks½ vkSj buds ikl Hkh cM+& s cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa dh fpfV~B;ka jkst vkrh FkhaA mudk mRrj ;s viuh Hkk’kk esa gh fnyokrs FksA Ms<+ ekl rd budh fpfdRlk pyrh jghA dksbZ ykHk u gksus ij bUgksua s egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj esa vkus dh bPNk izdV dh vksj dgk&^pyks egkfo|ky; pyks( ejuk rks gS gh] mlh iq.; Hkwfe esa izk.k R;kxw¡xk] xaxk dh xksn esAa * vr% Li’V gS egkfo|ky; ds izfr muesa vkReh;rk ,oa J)k dk Hkko FkkA mUgsa egkfo|ky; yk;k x;k( lkFk esa ia- Hkhelsu “kekZ Hkh FksA ml le; egkfo|ky; esa Jh fo”oukFk eq[;kf/k’Bkrk FksA ;gk¡ vkus ij ia- gfj”kadj “kekZ oS|jkt dh igyh iqfM+;k ls gh bUgsa cgqr ykHk gqvk vkSj ;s chl&ckbZl fnu esa gh iw.kZ LoLFk gks x,A ia- in~eflag “kekZ dks ik¡p ckrsa cgqr ilan Fkh& 1- Lok/;k;] 2- uohu ys[kdksa dks izkRs lkgu] 3- lkfgfR;dksa ls feyuk&tqyuk] 4- vfrfFk lRdkj] 5- fe=eaMyh ds lkFk ;k=kA os lkfgfR;d ;k=k cgqr djrs FksA viuh e`R;q ls iwoZ Hkh mudk fopkj Jko.k esa czt dh ;k=k djus dk FkkA mudk dguk Fkk&^HkkbZ vc dh ckj Jko.k esa czt dh ;k=k djuh pkfg,A vkxjs ds feJ Hkh lkFk gks]a dydÙks ls cukjlhnkl th rFkk Jhjke th dks Hkh cqyk;k tk,A fdarq bl lkfgfR;d ;k=k ls iwoZ gh os thou dh vafre ;k=k ij fudy iM+As dfoth ¼ia- ukFkwjke “kekZ½ ds lkFk muds ?kfu’B lac/a k FksA dfo th us viuh izfl) iqLrd ^vuqjkx jRu* fy[kh vkSj mldk leiZ.k dkO; dkuu dsljh ia- in~eflag dks gh fd;k tcfd ,d lTtu mUgsa blds fy, ik¡p gtkj #i, nsus dks rS;kj FksA mu lTtu ds dgus ij mudk dguk Fkk fd&eSa viuk izpjq ifjJe ,d dykfon dks gh viZ.k d:¡xk vkSj esjh jk; esa ia- in~eflag “kekZ blds fy, loZJ’s B gSAa fganh txr esa ^Hkkjrksn;* ^Hkkjrksn;* dk izkjaHk lu~ 1909 bZ- ¼T;s"B 'kqDy la- 1966½ esa gqvk FkkA blds laiknd] in~eflag 'kekZ vkSj lgk;d laiknd ia- ujnso 'kkL=h osnrhFkZ FksA bls ia- 'kadjnÙk 'kekZ us vius izl s ^/keZfnokdj izl s * eqjknkckn esa Nkik vkSj ia- Hkhelsu 'kekZ us xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj ls izdkf'kr fd;kA bldk okf"kZd ewY; Ms<+ #i, rFkk fo|kfFkZ;ksa 165@ ladYiuk 165@la

ds fy, ,d #i;k FkkA ;g xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj dk ^ekfld i=* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA if=dk ds vkoj.k ij lcls Åij lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh fd ^^vxyh la[;k esa dfooj ^'kadj* dh et+ns kj dfork ^va/ksj [kkrk* Nisxh** rRi'pkr ,d vkd"kZd ckMZj vkSj fQj AAvks3eAA ds ckn vkd"kZd lkt&lTtk ds lkFk fy[kk x;k Fkk ^Hkkjrksn;*A if=dk ds 'kh"kZd ds uhps /;s; Li’V fd;k x;k Fkk& ^^fu'kE;rka ys[kyyke lap;] izdk'kus ;su —rks·frfu'p;%A x`ghrl)eZfo'ks"kla”k;] ÜodkfLrlks;Ha kqfo ^Hkkjrksn;%**AA ^Hkkjrksn;* ds fu;e bl izdkj cuk, x, & 1- ;g i= izfrekl xq#dqy egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj ls izdkf'kr gksrk gSA 2- mldk okf’kZd ewY; loZlk/kkj.k ls Ms<+ #i, fy;k tk,xkA fo|kfFkZ;ksas dks ,d #i;k esa vkSj egkfo|ky; ds lHkklnksa dks eq¶r] iqLrdky;ksa vkSj vleFkZ fo|kjfldksa dks MkdO;; ysdjA 3- i= dk eq[; mís'; egkfo|ky; Tokykiqj dks yksdfiz; cukuk rFkk rRlac/a kh lekpkjksa dk izdkf'kr djuk gksxkA blesa /kkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj f'k{kk lac/a kh rFkk yksdksi;ksxh ys[k jgk djsx a ]s fganh lkfgR; dk lq/kkj Hkh bldk y{; gksxkA fdlh er] tkfr ;k O;fDr ij dksbZ vlH;] v#arnq ;k dygkRed ys[k blesa izdkf'kr u gksx a As 4- ckgj ls vk;s ys[kksa esa dkV NkaV vkSj U;wukf/kd djus dk iwjk vf/kdkj laiknd dks jgsxkA 5- lekykspuk dh iqLrds]a cnys ds i=] ys[k] laiknd ds uke vkus pkfg,¡A vkSj i= u igqp a us dh lwpuk,a] xzkgd gksus dh nj[okLrs]a ewY; vkfn] izdk'kd vFkok izcèa kdrkZ ^Hkkjrksn;* ds ukeA 6- i= esa fdlh izdkj ds vlH; vkSj /kks[kk nsuos kys foKkiu ugha Nisx a s u rdlhe gksx a ]s ,sls egk'k;ksa dks ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kdj izkFkZuk djuh pkfg,A lc izdkj dk i=O;ogkj egkfon~;ky; Tokykiqj ftyk lgkjuiqj] bl irs ij gksuk pkfg,A ^Hkkjrksn;* ds izFke vad ds i`’B la[;k 33 ij ^^Hkkjrksn; dh mn;dFkk** 'kh"kZd ls Hkh tkudkjh nh xbZ gS& egkfo|ky; ds lac/a k esa ,d i= dh vko';drk dk vuqHko djds desVh ds ,d fo'ks’k vf/kos'ku esa fuf'pr gqvk fd fo|ky; dh vksj ls ,d ekfld i= fudkyk tk; ftldk eq[; mn~n's ; fo|ky; dks yksdfiz; cukuk vkSj rRlac/a kh lekpkjksa dks loZlk/kkj.k rd igq¡pkdj fgrlk/ku dh ps’Vk rFkk rn~FkZ lgk¸; izkfIr dk m|ksx gksA blds vfrfjDr erlac/a kh foraMkoknksa ls cpdj /kkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj f'k{kk fo’k; ij Hkh ml esa fy[kk tk;k djs] fganh lkfgR; dh iwfrZ vkSj lq/kkj Hkh ml dk iz/kku y{; gksA bR;kfn iz;kstuksa

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dks lkeus j[kdj ^Hkkjrksn;* dk mn; gqvk gSA tSlk fd i=ksa esa lwpuk nh xbZ Fkh] 1 e ¼izfrink½] oS'kk[k ls i= fudkyus dk fopkj Fkk] ijarq dbZ vfuok;Z fo?uksa ls i= izfrKkr le; ij u fudy ldkA ftldkj.k vusd Hkkjrksn;kfHkyk’kh] lTtuksa us cM+s mRdaBk vkSj mRlkg Hkjs “kCnksa esa i= izdk'ku ds fy, vuqjks/k fd;k vkSj bPNk izdV dh ftlls izdk'kdksa dk mRlkg f}xqf.kr gks x;kA i= dks jkspd vkSj mi;qDr cukus dk ;Fkk'kfDr iz;Ru fd;k tk,xkA izfl) fo}ku vkSj dfo;ksa ds ys[k blesa jgk djsx a As cgqr ls fo}kuksa us viuh ys[kekfydk }kjk i= dks vyaÑr djus dk iz.k dj fy;k gS] ftuesa ls nks pkj ds uke izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSAa ;Fkk&Jh;qr jkocgknqj ekLVj vkRekjkethA Jheku~ dfooj if.Mr ukFkwjke “kadj “kekZA Jh;qDr izkQ s l s j iw.kZ flagth baihfj;y QkjsLV dsfeLVA Jh ck-xaxk izlkn th ch-,-] Jh ck- vk'kkjke th ch-,-] Jh iajkeukjk;.k feJ ch-,-] Jh ia- jkepUnz 'kekZ bathfu;j] oS|jkt JhdY;k.k flag th] JhLokeh eaxynso th laU;klh] bR;kfnA i= dk ewY; cgqr gh deA ukeek= Ms<+ #i, j[kk x;k gS] bl ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d esa gh fn;k tk;xk] vkSj fo|ky; desVh ds esEcj eq¶r ikosxa As ,slh n'kk esa ^Hkkjrksn;kfHkyk’kh* egk'k;ksa dk drZO; gS fd os Lo;a blds xzkgd cusa vkSj nwljksa dks cukos]a ftu lTtuksa ds ;gk¡ vfrfFk ds :Ik esa ^^Hkkjrksn;** igqp ¡ ]s vk'kk gS fd os viuh vkfrFks;rk dk ifjp; nsx a s vkSj bls foeq[k vkSj fujk'k u ykSVk,axs D;ksfa d %& ^^vfrfFk;ZL; HkXuk'kks] x`gkRizfrfuorZrAs l rLeS nq’Ñra nÙok] iq.;eknk; xPNfrAA** Hkkjrksn; dk fo’k;okj vuqØe bl izdkj Fkk& 1- osneU=kFkZid z k'k---------—osnrhFkZ 2- Hkkjrksn; ¼dfork½------Jh ia- ukFkwjke 'kadj 'kekZ 3- lq[kokn---------Jh ekLVj xaxkizlkn ch-,4- efgykeaMy---------,d czkã.k 5- Hkzkr`Hkko------lgk;d laiknd 6- iz—frLro% ¼laL—r dfork½ ------ Jh ia- Hkhelsu 'kekZ 7- eslesfjT+e vkSj la/;k------ jk-c-ek- vkrekjke th 8- egkfo|ky; lekjaHk--------9- e-fo- lekpkj] yksdo`Ùk bR;kfn------------

1 4 9 14 18 21 22 25 34

yksdo`Ùk ds varxZr tks lekpkj izFke vad esa izdkf'kr fd,x, Fks] mues& a *ns'kHkä-- Jh vjfoan ?kks’k] dfo v/;kid vkSj cSfjLVj ¼Áks- bd+cky lac/a kh½] vehj dh mnkjrk ¼vehj dkcqy ds izk.kgj.k dh lkft+'k lac/a kh lekpkj½] Q+kjl vkSj VdhZ ¼nksuksa jkT;ksa esa [kwu[kjkch ds ckn 'kkafr lac/a kh lekpkj½] ty izy; ¼nf{k.k esa 7&8 ebZ dks 48 ?kaVs ds vanj 23 bap ikuh dh cjlkr ls vkbZ tyizy; lac/a kh lekpkj gSnjkckn ls izkIr gqvk Fkk½] flagy }hi ¼flyksu½ esa fo'ofo|ky; LFkkiuk dk lekpkj vkfn lekpkjksa 167@ ladYiuk 167@la

ds vfrfjDr vusd lekpkj Hkh izdkf'kr fd, tkrs FksA &rk- 11 ebZ dh ve`r ckt+kj if=dk esa fdlh eqEcbZ ds O;kikjh egksn; ds VkbEl vkQ bafM;k esa fy[ks gq, ys[k dk lkjka'k Nik gSA mlls Kkr gksrk gS fd vgfuZ'k Lons'kh eky dh vksj O;kikfj;ksa dk /;ku vkdf’kZr gks jgk gSA ;g Kkr gqvk gS fd iwoZ o’kZ dh vis{kk eqEcbZ esa Ms<+ y{k dikl ds xV~Bs vf/kd vk,A tkiku us 290000 xV~Bs e¡xk,A blls c<+dj Lons'kh dh Ñrdk;Zrk dk D;k izek.k gksxk fd 12 o’kZ iwoZ Lons'kh eky ij VSDl }kjk X;kjg yk[k izkIr gq, FksA vkt mlh ij ljdkjh vk; 33 y{k gks xbZ gSA & vesfjdk esa fcukSyksa ls ?kh cukus ds ipklksa dkj[kkus gSAa vc lekpkj i=ksa esa ppkZ gS fd cEcbZ esa Hkh ,slk dkj[kkuk [kqyus okyk gSA ¼vk'kk gS nqX/knzkgs h yk- nsohnkl th vk;Z ;g lqudj cgqr [kq'k gksx a ½s A Hkkjro’kZ dk djksMk+ as eu ?kh ijns'k pyk tkrk gSA vc og fnu vkus okyk gS tc fcukSyksa dk ?kh feysxk] vesfjdk okyksa dh [kwc cusxhA Lons'kh ds izes h m|ksx djsa fd Hkkjr dk ?kh Hkkjr gh esa jgsA ijekRek bl uohu ?k`r ls cpkosAA & ik'pkR; fo}kuksa ds cqf)oS'k| dks ns[kdj vkg~ykn gq, fcuk ugha jgrk] isfjl esa izfl) vuqHkoh T;ksfr'kkL= fo'kkjnksa dh ,d lHkk gksus okyh gS ftlesa vkdk'k ds izR;sd Hkkx dk fp= [khapk tkosxkA vkdk'k ds 22054 foHkkx fd, x, gSAa izR;sd Hkkx dk i`Fkd~ i`Fkd~ fp= jgsxk] rkjs] mudh xfr o mudk fLFkfr LFkku vkfn dk Hkh vn~Hkqr n`'; jgsxkA xzhfup dh os/k'kkyk dh vksj ls blh fo’k; ij nks vn~Hkqr xzFa k izdkf'kr gq, gSa ftuesa 19000 rkjksa dk lfp= o.kZu gSA bl fo’k; esa vUos"k.k djus ds fy, vU; osèk'kkyk,a Hkh ;Ru dj jgh gSAa & ,d T;ksfrfoZn~ dk dFku gS fd ;s brus vla[; rkjkx.k D;ksa cuk, x,A gekjs izdk'k ds fy, rks bu dh vko';drk ugha] D;ksfa d ftruk panez k gS mlls og dqN vkSj cM+k gks rks jkf= dk dke vkSj Hkh vPNk py ldrk gSA gedks o`Fkk langs esa Mkyus ds fy, dgs]a rks bZ'oj dk bl esa D;k iz;kstu gSA blls fofnrk gksrk gS fd rkjs Hkh lw;oZ r~ Lora= izdk'k ds xksyd gSAa vkSj u tkus D;k D;k gSA & feykSuh uked fo}ku~ dk dFku gS fd panez k dh fdj.kksa esa Hkh m’.krk dk dqN va'k gksrk gSA osful] YQksjUs l o inuk ds ouLifrx`g esa dbZ fo}ku us bl fo’k; esa cgqr dqN vuqHko djds ns[kk gS ¼dgha ;g fo}ku “kdqra yk ds nq";ar rks ugha! mUgksua s Hkh panez k ls vfXu >M+rs ns[kh Fkh½ & jaxuw ds lekpkj ls fofnr gksrk gS nks teZu fo}ku ifFkd esdkax unh ds lzkrs dh [kkst yxkus ds fy, tk jgs Fks] ekxZ esa fdlh nq’V us mudks ekj fn;kA oLrqr% ik'pkR; fo}ku ^^ukg~eLehfr lkgle~** bl rRo ij pyus okys gSAa blhfy, izR;sd dk;Z esa _f) o flf) buds lUeq[k gkFk tksMs+ [kM+h jgrh gSAa bu nks egkuqHkkoksa dk uke czugscj o gjfLDeV~t gSA ^^fy[ks tc rd ft, lQjukes] py fn, gkFk esa dye FkkesA** & feLVj ,Q+- M~;d w phQ lsØVs jh caxky xoesUZ V us ,d izfl) i=d fudkyk gS ftlesa

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iqfyl dks naxs fQlkn ds ekSds ij cand w as dSlh nkx+uh pkfg, vkSj fQlknh yksxksa ij jksc Mkyus ds fy;s D;k djuk pkfg, bldk o.kZu fd;k gSA vc rd flQZ Mjkus ds fy, [kkyh cand w as NksMh+ tkrh Fkha vc lpeqp Hkjh gqbZ NksMh+ tkosx a As & yksdekU; Jh;qr fryd Hkxon~xhrk ij dqN fy[k jgs gSAa xhrk ds HkkX; [kqyAs ns[ksa ;g egkiq#’k xhrk ij D;k fy[krs gSAa vkids nks lqifz l) xzFa k ^^n vkdZfVdgkse bu n osnkt+**¼1903½] ^vksfjvu*¼1893½ ns[kus ;ksX; gS& a vxk/k ikafMR; dk izek.k gSAa vkidk xhrk Hkk’; Hkh mTToy xq.kksa ls mTToy gksxkA & cM+kns k jkT; esa izkFkfed f'k{kk fcuk 'kqYdkfn fy, gh nh tkrh gSA Hkkjro’kZ esa ;g ,d gh LVsV gS tgk¡ ;g izc/a k gqvk gSA bl fo’k; esa ljdkj lksprs gh lksprs jg xbZA vkt rd dqN u dj ldh cM+knS k egkjkt us bl izFkk dk izkjaHk gh dj MkykA vk;Z ^lkekftd lekpkj* Hkh vafre i`’B ij izdkf'kr fd, x,& & xq#dqy egkfo|ky; ds mRlo ls ykSVrs gq, ia- x.kifr “kekZ th us nks O;k[;ku lgkjuiqj esa vR;ar izHkko'kkyh fn,A fQj ogk¡ ls fnYyh igq¡p]s vkSj ogk¡ ,d lIrkg O;k[;kuksa dh /kwe epk nh] fnYyh okfl;ksa ij mudk cgqr izHkko iM+kA & vizy S esa xq#dqy xqt q jkaokyk dk okf’kZdksRlo cM+h jkSud ls gqvkA /keZppkZ esa fHkUu fHkUu eroknh lfEefyr gq, Fks] vPNk vkuan jgk] e-fo- ls Jh ia- ujnso 'kkL=h osnrhFkZ Hkh ièkkjs FksA xq#dqy xqtjkaokyk esa bl le; 57 czãpkjh izfo’V gSAa 3200 ds djhc èku ,d= gqvkA Jheku yk- jykjketh dk iq#’kkFkZ iz'kaluh; gSA & mlds ihNs vk;Z lekt xqtjkr ¼iatkc½ dk mRlo Hkh lkuan lekIr gqvkA gekjs eq[;kfèk’Bkrk Jh ia- ujnso th ogk¡ Hkh i/kkjs FksA & 28-05-09 ls 1&6 rd fnYyh lnj vk;Z lekt dk mRlo cM+s lekjksg ls gksxk] 3 fnu /keZppkZ ds fy, jD[ks gSAa ml ij Jh ia- x.kifr 'kekZ th] Jh ia- Hkhelsu th vkSj Jh ia- ujnso th 'kkL=h vkfn vusd fo}ku i/kkjsx a As var esa ^fuosnu* fd;k x;k ftu lTtuksa us ^Hkkjrksn;* esa lekykspuk ds fy, iqLrdsa Hksth gSa muls izkFkZuk gS fd vxyh la[;k esa lekykspuk fudysxh] rc rd larks’k j[ksAa ftu lg;ksfx;ksa dh lsok esa ^Hkkjrksn;* igqp ¡ ]s muls fou; gS fd blds cnys esa vius vewY; i= Hkstdj vuqxg` hr djsAa ^Hkkjrksn;* dks izFke vad ds ckn jftLVª's ku ua- A 476 izkIr gks x;kA vxys vad esa ;g uacj izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA ^Hkkjrksn;*dk la?k’kZ ^Hkkjrksn;* lk-i-¼lkIrkfgd izdk”ku½ o’kZ 1 iqutZUe esa izdkf'kr bl ys[k ls irk pyrk gS&Hkkjrksn;&bl uke esa fdruh tknw Hkjh gS] ;g uke fpÙk dks ftruk vkg~ykn~ nsrk gS] bl uke ls jg jgdj ftu ftu ckrksa dh ;kn vkrh gS vkSj ;kn dj dj ftl rjg th Hkj vkrk gS og lc vuqHko djus dh ckrsa gSa vkSj izR;sd Hkkjroklh Lo;a vuqHko dj gh jgk gSA “kCnksa ls ekufld fLFkfr dk ?k.kku v”kD; gSA ij Hkkjrksn; “kCn ds vFkZ dks izkIr djus ds ekxZ esa tks fodV ?kkfV;k¡ gSa mudks ikj djrs djrs dHkh dHkh tks 169@ ladYiuk 169@la

fujk”kk Nk tkrh gS] og Hkh vo.kZuh; gSA ij lPps ;k=h dks ;g fujk”kk LoYidky rd gh ?ksj ldrh gSA ftldh n`f’V mfn~n’V LFky ij yxh gqbZ gS og dc dfBukb;ksa dh ijokg djrk gS\ og dc pSu ysrk gS\ og viuksa dh g¡lh et+kd Hkh lgrk gS] nwljksa dh euekuh Hkh lgrk gS] vkSj ikj gks gh tkrk gSA tc ?kkVh ij p<+dj uhps ns[kus yxrk gS rc igys g¡lus okys yTtk ds ekjs viuh xnZu >qdk dj [kM+s jgrs gSAa ,sls ohj iqx a o dk vknj djus yxrs gS]a mlds ihNs pyuk lh[krs gSAa tks n”kk vlyh Hkkjrksn; ds lEeq[k gS ogh n”kk dkxt+h Hkkjrksn; ds lEeq[k gSA ;g fdl izdkj ekfld :Ik esa fudyk] fQj lkIrkfgd gqvk] fQj dVkjiqj ds naxy ds le; ?kcjkdj iwoZ izdk”kd us fdl izdkj fcuk lwpuk fn, gh ?kj cSBs fMDysj”s ku [+kkfjt djk;k] fdl izdkj vusd foifÙk;ksa ls egkfo|ky; dh o lapkydksa dh tku cph] fdl izdkj fQj m|ksx gqvk vkSj izFke ckj 1000 #i, dh o f}rh;okj 2000 dh tekur ek¡xh xbZA bu lc ckrksa ds fy[kus dh vko”;drk ughaA ge pkgrs] rks Hkkjr Hkj esa bl ckr dk gYyk epk nsrs ij egkfo|ky; ds lapkyd pqipki dke djuk gh vf/kd ilan djrs jgs bl fo”okl ij fd dHkh rks bu dfBukb;ksa dk var gksxkA lqnh?kZ ifjJe ds i”pkr~ vc dgha tkdj eqjknkckn ds dysDVj us fcuk tekur ^^Hkkjrksn;** ds izdk”ku dh vkKk nh gS vkSj blhfy, vc ;g vkidh lsok esa fQj igq¡p jgk gSA bldks viukb,] bldks iqpdkfj,] bldh lgk;rk dhft,] bldk mRlkg c<+kb,A bldh vuqifLFkfr esa egkfo|ky;ksa esa Hkh ;qxkarj mifLFkr gks x;k FkkA ml ;qxkarj dh jke dgkuh fy[kus dk ;g izlx a ugha gSA mudks ;kn dj th Hkj vkrk gSA ftUgksua s Hkqxrk ogh tku ldrs gSa fd ;qxkarj Fkk] fd cyk Fkh] egkfo|ky; ds thou dk iz”u Fkk] fd ej.k dkA Hkxoku dh Ñik ls ;qxkarj vk;k o x;kA cyk,a vkbZa vkSj xbZa vkxs dh jke tkusA vc rd jke th us gh j{kk dh gSA ^p<+ tk jke Hkyh djsx a *s &;gh rRo lapkydksa ds lEeq[k gSA Hkkjrksn; dh iqjkuh uhfr ml le; dh mu mu ijfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ^LokRe&j{kk* FkhA D;ksfa d pgq¡ vksj dh ekjèkkM+ vkSj tfVy rFkk Øwj la?kVuksa esa ml uhfr ds fcuk ^egkfo|ky;* dh j{kk gksuk vlaHko FkkA vc le; cny x;k] “k=q rFkk fe=ksa ds n`f’Vdks.k Hkh cny x,] blfy, Hkkjrksn; esa vkxs csgnw k [kaMu&eaMu dks LFkku u feysxkA jkx}s"kkRed ys[k jíh dh Vksdfj;ksa esa Qsd a fn, tk,axAs le; dh xfr ds vuqlkj ftlls Hkh Hkkjrksn; gksxk mu lc dk;ksaZ esa lgk;d gksuk Hkkjrksn; dh uhfr jgsxhA ize[q k Hkkx fu%”kqYd izkphu f”k{kk dk jgsxkA dqy feykdj ^Hkkjrksn;* dk izkjaHk fganh lkfgR; vkSj i=dkfjrk txr esa egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA if=dk esa fganh] laL—r] mnw]Z vaxt sz h “kCnksa ls dksbZ ijgst ugha j[kk x;k gS] u gh if=dk ds ikBd dksA lanHkZ 1- Hkkjrksn; dk izFke vad 2- Hkkjrksn; lkIrkfgd dk iqutZUekad 3- xq#dqy egkfo|ky; dh Lekfjdk ¼ghjd t;arh½

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Økafr dk chti= % vkapfyd i=dfjrk & vjfoan dqekj flag ^^[khapks u dekuksa dks] u ryokj fudkyks tc rksi eqdkfcy gks rks v[kckj fudkyksA** xaxk&;equk vkSj ljLorh ds laxe dh jsrh ls tc ;s Økafrdkjh iafDr;ka vdcj bykgkcknh dh “kk;jh ls tuekul ds fnyksa esa mrj jgh Fkha( rks iz;kx oSlk ugha Fkk] tSlk vkt fn[krk gSA rhFkZjkt dh ;g /kjrh Økafrdkfj;ksa dh laxe LFkyh Fkh rks ns”k dh jktuhfr dh ,d ize[q k /kqjhA vkuan Hkou] [kqljks ckx vkSj daiuh xkMsuZ dk vrhr Hkkjr ds egku Økafrdkfj;ksa dh thoar dgkfu;ksa dh dFkkHkwfe FkhA jktdh; laxgz ky; dh izkphjksa ds e/; vla[; lkfgR; dh vej ltZuk,a vkSj dFkk,a tUehaA tks ns”k vkSj nqfu;k ds ekul ij iwjh vkLFkk vkSj fo”okl ds lkFk vkt Hkh teh gSa vkSj fo”okl gS fd d+;ker rd yksxksa ds fnyksa esa Lianu djrh jgax s hA egku “kk;j] dfo vdcj bykgkcknh us ^rksi* tSls ?kkrd gfFk;kj dk Hkh eqdkcyk ^v[+kckj* ls djus dh ckr dh rks fuf”pr gh blesa ^rksi* ls T+;knk ?kkrd vkSj ekjd {kerk gksxhA v[k+ckj dh ;g {kerk gS fd og O;fDr gh ugha cfYd O;oLFkk dks cny ldrk gSA rksi vkSj xksyh dk y{; lhfer gS ysfdu v[k+ckj lekt dk ekul gksrk gSA og mldk f”k{kd vkSj izf”k{kd Hkh gksrk gSA Økafr vkSj “kkafr dk chtea= mlds xHkZ esa iyrs gSa rks vkanksyu vkSj ifjorZu dh t+ehu Hkh rS;kj djrk gSA nqfu;k dk igyk v[k+ckj lu~ 1340 esa phu ls tc fudyk rc rd mldh bl vikj “kfDr dk vanktk “kk;n lalkj dks ugha gqvk FkkA1 ysfdu fganLq rku dks rks ^caxky xtsV*2 ds izdk”ku ds le; gh bldh rkdr vkSj izHkko dk vglkl gks x;k FkkA oSls ^laokn* dh rkdr vkSj {kerk dk ifjp; fganLq rku dks jktra=h “kklu vkSj egkHkkjr dky esa gh gks x;k FkkA ikSjkf.kd vk[+;kuksa esa Hkh ûkjn* dk pfj= izkFkfed i=dkj dk lk fn[krk gS] rks egkHkkjr ds lat; dh fnO;&n`f’V] ;q){ks= ds n`';ksa dk ltho fp=.k /k`rjk’Vª ls djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA i=dkfjrk ;k v[k+ckj dh ;g “kfDr fuf”pr gh ^laokn* dh “kfDr gS] tks euq’; dh izk—frd “kfDr gS] ftlds ewy esa ftKklk vkSj jgL;ksa ls inkZ mBkuk gSA laokn djus vkSj tkuus dh “kfDr gh i=dkfjrk dh okLrfod “kfDr gSA laokn dh bl izfØ;k ls vkxs c<+dj lu~ 1447 esa xqVus cxZ us fiafz Vax izl s dk bZtkn dj lalkj esa fizfVax rduhdh ls Økafr yk nhA vkt dh ,Mokal rduhdh ds ewy esa xqVus cxZ ds fopkjksa dk gh foLrkj gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds ewy vf/kdkjksa esa ôkd~ Lora=rk*3 izR;sd O;fDr dks Hkk’k.k rFkk vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj dh xkjaVh nsrk gSA blh Lora=rk esa izl s dh Lora=rk Hkh “kkfey gSA izl s dh Lora=rk lkekftd rFkk jktuhfrd lekxe dk eeZ gSA Û;k;ky;ksa

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dk ;g izkFkfed drZO; gS fd os izl s dh Lora=rk dks cuk, j[ksa vkSj mu lHkh fof/k;ksa ;k iz”kklfud dk;Zokfg;ksa dks vfof/kekU; dj nsa tks lao/S kkfud lekns”k ds izfrdwy blesa gLr{ksi djrh gaAS *4 bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ^izR;sd s ukxfjd vius fopkjks]a fo”oklksa vkSj n`<+ fu”p;ksa dks fuckZèk :i ls rFkk fcuk fdlh jksd&Vksd ds ekSf[kd “kCnksa }kjk] ys[ku] eqn.z k] fp=.k ds }kjk vFkok fdlh vU; <ax ls vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, Lora= gSA*5 i=dkfjrk dh bl “kfDr dks Hkkjrh; lafo/kku us laj{k.k iznku fd;k gSA ;fn dksbZ ljdkj ;k ljdkjh laxBu bl ij jksd ;k lsl a jf”ki yxkus dk iz;kl djrh gS rks ;g fof/kekU; ugha gks ldrk gSA blh Øe esa ^fdlh lekpkj i= ij vuxZy lal s jf”ki yxkuk*6 ;k mls ^Toyar lkekftd fo’k;ksa ij vius ;k vius laoknnkrkvksa ds fopkjksa dks izdkf”kr djus ls jksduk] Hkk’k.k vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds vf/kdkj dk mYya?ku gksxkA*7 ^;g vf/kdkj ukxfjdksa dks Hkkjr ds jkT; {ks= ds Hkhrj gh ugha cfYd bldh lhekvksa ds ikj Hkh izkIr gSA*8 ;g laokn dh rkdr gh gS fd fganLq rku eas igyk v[k+ckj fudkyus dh ps’Vk djus okys fofy;e oksYV~l us Hkh ;gh b”rgkj ¼laokn½ tkjh fd;k FkkA ^^esjs ikl cgqr lkjh ,slh ckrsa gSa tks eq>s dguk gS vkSj ftudk lac/a k gj O;fDr ls gSA** ftlls ^?kcjk;h ^bZLV bafM;k* dEiuh us oksYVl dks cykr~ Lons”k jokuk dj fn;kA*9 ftl v[kaM fganLq rku dks yxHkx Ng lkS o’kkZas rd fons”kh vkSj fotkrh; geykojks]a vkØkarkvksa vkSj “kkldksa ds egRokdka{kkvksa ds iSjksa rys jkSna k x;k] ftldh lH;rk vkSj laL— fr dh v[kaM vkSj v{kq..k ijaijk dks fons”kh geyksa ls dqpyk x;k( og fganLq rkuh ijaijk vkSj laL—fr] yk[k&yk[k t[+eksa vkSj oSnfs ”kd otzikrksa ds ckn Hkh viuh Lons”kh lH;rk vkSj laL—fr dh egd vf[ky fo”o esa lqokflr djrh jghA ckotwn fganLq rku us tgka fons”kh lH;rkvksa dk Vdjko >syk gS ogha vius dks] leUo; ds vVwV ca/kuksa ls Hkh ckaèkk gSA ^vk;ksZa vkSj vuk;ksZa dk la?k’kZ ns[kk rks rqdks]aZ “kdks]a gq.kks]a ;wukfu;ks]a flfFkfu;ks]a poZjks]a Mpks]a Ýkalhfl;ks]a iqrx Z kfy;ksa vkSj eqxyksa dk Vdjko Hkh ns[kkA*10 ^ywVk] VwVk] c¡Vk ckotwn ewy ls dHkh ugha dVk*] ;gh ^fganLq rku* dh igpku vkSj ijaijk gS] ftls _f’k;ksa vkSj eqfu;ksa us lisjksa vkSj Q+dhjksa ds bl ns”k dks vkLFkk vkSj fo”okl ds vVwV Hkko ls lhapk gSA bl egkns”k dks ftu oSnfs ”kd “kkldksa us lcls vf/kd le; ¼nks lkS o’kZ ls vf/kd½ rd vius izHkqRo esa j[kk] os nqfu;k dh lcls cqf)eku tkfr;ksa esa ls ,d vaxt sz Fks]a ftuds lkezkT; esa dHkh lw;kZLr ugha gksrk FkkA dkj.k] lw;Z dh izFke fdj.kksa ds ns”k ls yxk;r vafre fdj.kksa rd ds ns”k] muds mifuos”k tks FksAa vk/kh nqfu;k ls Hkh vf/kd ij jkT; djus okyh d+keS ] fganLq rku dh lH;rk] laL—fr vkSj lekt”kkL= ij nks lkS o’kkZas rd viuh fczrkuh ekufldrk dks Fkksih vkSj mudk izlkj fd;k] ckotwn fganLq rkuh laL—fr] vius ewY;ksa vkSj vkn”kksZa ds lkFk “kk”or Fkh vkSj vkus okys dy esa Hkh “kk”or jgsxhA Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxkz e esa ns”k ds egku Økafrdkfj;ksa us vius ygw ls ^vktknh dh nsoh* dk Ük`x a kj fd;k gSA Lora=rk vkanksyu dh vy[k dks ns”k vkSj ns”k ds ckgj ^nkokuy*

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esa cny nsus dh {kerk ftu dyedkjksa vkSj i=dkjksa esa Fkh os lPps ek;us esa Hkkjr ds egku Økafrdkjh Fks] ftudh dye dh L;kgh ls Økafr dk chtea= fudyrk Fkk] tks vaxt sz h gqdew r dh lax& s cqfu;kn dks fgyk dj j[k nsrk FkkA dyedkjksa vkSj ukekfuxkjksa us viuh dye dh dher] tku nsdj ;k dkyk ikuh dh lt+k ikdj pqdk;hA vaMeku fudksckj dk ^lsY;qyj tsy* Økafr/kehZ i=dkjksa vkSj Økafrdkfj;ksa ds cfynkuksa dh nkLrka dk c;ku vkt Hkh djrk gSA fganh i=dkfjrk ds bfrgkl ds iUus myVus ij tks n`'; lkeus vkrk gS mlesa fganh i=dkfjrk dk chti= ^mnar ekrZM a * ¼30 ebZ] 1826½ ds laiknd ;qxy fd”kksj “kqDy us dksydkrk ¼rc dydÙkk½ ls tc fganh dk igyk i= fudkyk rks mldk /;s; okD; ¼”yksd½ dk vFkZ Fkk&^^lw;Z ds izdk”k ds fcuk ftl rjg va/ksjk ugha feVrk mlh rjg lekpkj lsok ds fcuk vKtu tkudkj ugha gks ldrsA** vFkkZr î=dkfjrk ds iqj[kksa dks bl ckr dk vglkl Fkk fd fQjafx;ksa dh ywV&[klksV] vU;k;&vR;kpkj&vukpkj ij izgkj fd;k tk,xk rks muds dksi dk lkeuk Hkh djuk iM+x s kA ckotwn Lokra«;dkeh laikndksa us fuHkhZd dye pykbZA*11 ^^vkt** us vius eq[; i`’B ij /;s; okD; fy[kk] ^îjk/khu liusgq lq[k ukghaA** x.ks”k “kadj fo|kFkhZ ds ^îzrki** dk /;s; okD; Fkk&^^ftudks u fut xkSjo rFkk fut ns”k dk vfHkeku gS@og uj ugha] uj i”kq fujk gS] vkSj e‘rd leku gSA** bykgkckn ls izdkf”kr ^Lojkt*12 dk /;s; okD; Fkk&^^fganrq ku ds ge ga]S fganLq rku gekjk gSA** bl v[k+ckj ds <kbZ o’kZ dh mez esa 75 vad fudy lds vkSj dqy 8 laiknd yxs] ftUgsa blds laiknu@izdk”ku ds dkj.k 125 lky dh lt+k feyhA ;g nqfu;k dk igyk v[k+ckj vkSj laikndksa dk eaMy Fkk] ftUgksua s bruh yach lt+k HkksxhA ckotwn mudk mRlkg de ugha gqvkA ,d dks lt+k feyrh rks nwljk laiknd dk;Z laHkkyus dks rS;kj gks tkrkA bl v[kckj esa laiknd ds fy, foKkiu fudyrk Fkk&^^,d tkS dh jksVh vkSj ,d I;kyk ikuh ;g “kjsg&ru[+okg ¼osru½ gS] ftl ij ^Lojkt* bykgkckn ds okLrs ,d ,MhVj erywc ¼vko”;drk½ gSA** bykgkckn ls gh izdkf”kr lkfgfR;d if=dk ^pk¡n* ¼lu~ 1922½ dk ^^Qk¡lh** vad ¼uoacj 1928½ ns”k vkSj nqfu;k esa Qk¡lh nsus ds vkSfpR;] rjhdksa vkSj jkT;Økafr;ksa ij ubZ cgl NsMr+ h Fkh tks vkt Hkh gj Qk¡lh ds ckn pyrh gSA bl vad dks vaxt sz ksa us tC+r dj fy;k FkkA e`R;qnM a dh vekuqf"kd izFkk ij loky [kM+k djus okyk pk¡n ds ^Qk¡lh* vad esa “kghns vkte Hkxr flag us Hkh dbZ Nn~e ukeksa ls ys[k fy[kk FkkA dgus dk vFkZ gS fd ns”k dh Økafr dh ^nkokuy* dks /k/kdkus esa ftruk ce vkSj xksyh us dke fd;k gksxk] mlls dbZ xquk vfèkd] i= vkSj i=dkfjrk us fd;kA jk’VªHkfDr dks tu vkanksyu dk :i nsus vkSj vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa loZLo U;kSNkoj djus dh jk’Vªh; Hkkouk dk izlkj i=dkfjrk us gh fd;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fczfV”k ljdkj us bls ges”kk vad”q k vkSj ;kruk ds f”kdats esa j[kkA blh dkj.k 19oha “krkCnh ds rhljs n”kd esa enzkl ds xouZj ^^lj Vkel equjks* us izl s dh vktknh dks ^vkaXy lÙkk* dh lekfIr dk i;kZ; ekuk**13 tks vkxs pydj lgh lkfcr gqvkA Hkkjrh; Lora=rk dh yM+kbZ esa {ks=h; i=&if=dk,a vkSj i=dkjksa us ftruh rYyhurk ,oa fuMjrk ls j.kHksjh ctkbZ] mruh jk’Vªh; i=dkfjrk us “kk;n ughaA ;gh dkj.k gS] vkapfyd i=dkfjrk ^tu* ds T;knk fudV jgh gS vkSj vkapfydrk dks laj{k.k

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iznku dhA ^tuer* vkSj ^vfHker* rS;kj djus esa vkapfyd i= vkSj i=dkjksa us egrh ;ksxnku fn;kA O;kolkf;d ,oa ykHk ls nwj {ks=h; i=dkfjrk] fo”kq) :i ls vktknh dk ^fe”ku* ysdj py jgh Fkha vkSj vius Lrj ij ml ^fe”ku* dks tu&tu rd QSykus esa layXu FkhaA vkapfyd i=dkfjrk bl ns”k dh vkRek ¼xkaoks½a dh i=dkfjrk gSA Hkkjr ftu otgksa ls tkuk tkrk gS ml lH;rk vkSj laL—fr ds iks’k.k vkSj laj{k.k dh i=dkfjrk gSA xk¡o vkSj vapyksa ds lkSèa kh ekVh vkSj ns”kh;rk ds lao)Zu dh i=dkfjrk gS ftlds fcuk bl ns”k vk/kh v/kwjh gh rLohj curh gS ftlesa Hkkjr dh vkRek ugha gksrh gSA vFkkZr Lons”kh i=dkfjrk gSA m-iz- ds cukjl ls izdkf”kr i= ^^cukjl v[kckj**14 fganh izn”s k dk igyk v[kckj Fkk] ftls f”koizlkn ^flrkjs fgan* us izdkf”kr djk;k FkkA 1850 esa ^lq/kkdj*15 Hkh dk”kh ls fudykA blds nks o’kZ ckn vkxjk ls ^cqf)izdk”k*16 fudykA Hkkjrsna q gfj”panz us 15 vxLr] 1867 esa dk”kh ls ^dfoopu lq/kk* fudkykA fganh i=dkfjrk dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk, rks 1826 ls 1884 rd ds dky dks mn~cks/kudky dgk tk ldrk gS] ftlesa mnar ekrZM a ] caxnwr] lekpkj lq/kko’kZ.k] i;kes+ vktknh] dfoopu lq/kk vkSj fganh iznhi ds }kjk iwjs Hkkjr esa jk’Vªh; psruk dk chtoiu fd;k x;kA lu~ 1885&1919 rd dks ^tkxj.k dky* ds :i es]a ^fgUnksLFkku*] û`flag*] ^Lojkt*] îzHkk*] ^vH;qn;* us Hkkjfr;ksa esa vktknh ikus dh vy[k txk;hA lu~ 1920&1947 rd dks ^Økafrdky* dgk tk ldrk gS ftlesa Lora=rk dh izkfIr gsrq tc Hkkjroklh tkx mBs rks mUgsa fQjafx;ksa }kjk ihfM+r fd;k x;kA ccZj “kkldksa ds fo#) îzrki*] ^deZohj*] ^lSfud*] ^Lons”k* rFkk xqIr izdk”kuksa esa ^j.kHksjh*] ^”ka[kukn*] ^rwQku*] ^fpuxkjh*] ^Økafr* vkSj ^foIyo* vkfn us lkezkT;okn ds loZuk”k ds fy, Økafr dh Tokyk HkM+dkbZA ;g ns”k] xzkeksa vkSj vapyksa dk x.kra= gS] ftlesa jk’Vªh; vkanksyu] vkapfyd i=dkfjrk vkSj i=ksa ls eq[kj gqbZ vkSj jk’Vªh; Loj cuhA ns”kh; ;k Hkk’kkbZ i=ksa dh rkdr ls vaxt sz h lÙkk u dsoy fopfyr gqbZ cfYd ngy Hkh xbZA iwjk ns”k vkanksyujr Fkk] Økafr cht tks v[k+ckj vkSj i=ksa us tu ds ekul esa cks;k Fkk og t+oku vkSj Økafr/kehZ gks pqdh Fkh+A rc ns”k ds fdlh Hkh cM+s “kgj] pkgs fnYyh ;k eqEcbZ gks] dksbZ ,slk jk’Vªh; i= ugha Fkk] tks Økafr dh vkx dks u HkM+dk jgk Fkk] cfYd ns”k ds NksV& s NksVs vapyksa ,oa dLcksa ls fudyus okys gh i= Fks]a ftuesa ns”kHkfDr vkSj jk’Vªh; psruk dwV&dwV dj Hkjh gqbZ Fkh&^vaxt sz h gqdew r ij otzikr dh rjg fxj jgs Fks*a A cM+s i= ;k jk’Vªh; izlkj okys i=ksa dh la[;k ux.; ds cjkcj Fkh] tks Fks Hkh] og vaxt sz ksa ds Fks ;k muds laj{k.k esa py jgs FksA vFkkZr vkapfyd i=dkfjrk ns”k esa jk’Vªh; Hkkouk ds lkFk gh vkapfyd ewY;ks]a vkn”kksaZ ,oa laL—fr;ksa dh Hkh okgd ,oa laj{kd FkhA ns”k dh vkapfydrk bu i=ksa ds ek/;e ls eq[k+fjr ,oa cyorh gqbZ vkSj vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa vkapfyd i=dkfjrk us lcls vf/ kd cfynku fn;kA ;gh dkj.k gS fd 1947 rd vkrs vkrs ;s vkapfyd i=] fczrkuh ljdkj ds xys dh Qk¡l cu x, vkSj varr% mUgsa fganLq rku dks vyfonk dg Lons”k jokuk gksuk iM+kA le; dh js[kk ij i=dkfjrk ds Lo:i ,oa mn~n”s ;ksa esa ifjorZu gksrs 174@ ladYiuk 174@la

jgs] vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa gfFk;kj cus vkapfyd i=dkfjrk] vktknh ds 6 n”kd ckn vkt ogh vkapfyd vkSj Hkk’kkbZ i=dkfjrk vius vfLrRo dh j{kk djus esa v{ke lkfcr gks jgh gSA vkt v[k+ckjksa dsa iUuksa ls xzke] eksgYyk vkSj vapy xk;c gSAa uxjksa vkSj egkuxjksa ls iVk v[k+ckj iwjh rjg ls O;kolkf;d :i xzg.k dj pqds gSa vkSj miHkksDrkokn dks c<+kok ns jgs gSAa i=dkfjrk dh vkRek] ^vkapfyd i=dkfjrk]* tks okLro esa Lons”kh i=dkfjrk gS] vkt laØe.k dky ls xqtj jgh gSA xkao esa v[k+ckj] “kgjksa ds foKkiu ,oa miHkksx ds leku rks igqp a jgs gSa ysfdu xkaoksa ds v[k+ckjksa es]a xkao vkSj fxjk¡o gh xk;c gSAa vFkkZr Økafr dk chti=] ^vkapfyd i=* vkt vius vfLrRo ds ladV ds nkSj ls xqtj jgs gSAa ns”kh;rk vkSj Hkk’kkbZ i=ksa dh rkdr] dkiksjZ Vs v[+kckjksa vkSj ehfM;k ?kjkuksa ds lkeus e`rizk; gksrh tk jgh gSa ftlesa ljdkjh uhfr;k¡ lgk;d gks jgh gSa tks orZeku i=dkfjrk dk fonziw gSA lanHkZ 1234-

gsjEc feJ] laoknnkrk % lÙkk vkSj egÙkk] i`- 5] fdrkc egy] ubZ fnYyh n caxky xtV vkj dsydVk tujy ,MojVkbtj] tsEl vkxLVl fgdh] 29 tuojh] 1780 vuqPNsn&19 ¼1½¼d½ ,Dlisszl U;wt isilZ izk- fy- cuke~ Hkkjr la?k] ,vkbZvkj 1995 SC 578( bafM;u ,Dlizsl U;wt isilZ cuke~ Hkkjr la?k 1985 SC 641 5- lqHkk’k d”;i] gekjk lafo/kku] i`- 95] ,uchVh-] ubZ fnYyh 6- c`tHkw’k.k cuke fnYyh] ,vkbZvkj&1950] SC]129 7- chjsUnz cuke iatkc] ,vkbZvkj-1957 SC 896 8- ekusdk xka/kh cuke Hkkjr la?k] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1978]SC 597 ds ekeys esa U;k;ewfrZ Hkxorh ds vuqlkj 9- fot;nÙk Jh/kj] igyk laikndh;] i`’B 11] lkef;d izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyh 10- ,-,y-ckle] vnHkqr Hkkjr 11- fot;nÙk Jh/kj] igyk laikndh;] i`-13 12- 9 uoacj&1907 lk- mnwZ 13- Mk- vtqZu frokjh] i=dkfjrk vkSj jk’Vªh; psruk dk fodkl] i`’B 16 14- lk- tuojh] 1845 15- lk- rkjkeksgu feJ] 1850 16- eq”a kh lnklq[k yky] 1882

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^xksnku* esa isez pan dk thou&n thou&n''kZu ,oa i=dkfjrk dk lanHkZ & fouksn pkSjfl;k thou&n'kZu dks ge miU;kldkj ds fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; ds :i esa xzg.k dj ldrs gSAa jhfr&ijaijk ds vkpk;ksZa ds erkuqlkj jl ,oa vkuan dh miyfC/k vkSj mldk lk/ kkj.khdj.k dh ek=k esa ikBdksa rd igq¡pkuk gh lkfgR; dk mn~n”s ; gksrk gS vkSj izR;sd ys[kd dks vius lkfgR; l`tu esa bldk vfuok;Z :i ls ikyu djuk pkfg,A vk/kqfud ;qx esa dnkfpr~ bu ekU;rkvksa dks u Lohdkj fd;k tk,xk vkSj fuf”pr :i ls vkt dk lkfgR;dkj ifjofrZr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jhfr&fjoktksa dh bu ekU;rkvksa dks vLoh—r dj nsxkA vk/kqfud miU;klksa ds lac/a k esa Hkh ;gh lR; gSA miU;kl dh vafre ifj.kfr jlksiyfC/k ;k vkuanrRo dh izkfIr esa gks] nwljs 'kCnksa es]a miU;kl dsoy euksjt a u ds lkèku gS] blfy, muls fuf”pr gh vkuan ,oa jl dh izrhfr gksuh pkfg,& bu :<+ ,oa ladfq pr lhekvksa esa vkt miU;klksa dks ugha ck¡/kk tk ldrkA ukVdksa dh Hkk¡fr miU;klksa dk Hkh izR;{k lac/a k ekuo thou ls gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd lkfgR;dkj gh ekuo thou ds fofHkUu i{kksa dks ,d ;k fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa ds ek/;e ls miU;kl esa fpf=r djrk gSA izes pan dk thou Hkh lkfgR; ,oa i=dkfjrk ls vksr&izkrs gSA oxZ&oS’kE;] lk/kkj.k ekuo thou dh dqBa k,¡] vr`Ir okluk,¡ rFkk dkeuk,¡] vkfFkZd fo"kerk,¡] ek/;oxZ dk 'kks"k.k] iw¡thokn dh vlekurk,¡ vkfn ,slh Toyar lkekftd leL;k,¡ gS]a ftuls miU;kldkj dk izHkkfor gksuk LokHkkfod gSA buds dM+o& s ehBs vuqHkoksa ls ;g vius dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyrk gS vkSj fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; fufeZr djrk gS] ftls ge miU;kldkj ds thou n”kZu dh laKk ns ldrs gSAa miU;klksa esa thou&n”kZu bl izdkj izLrqr gksuk pkfg, fd miU;kl lekIr djus ds i'pkr ikBd Lo;a gh ;g fu"d"kZ fudkys fd oLrqr% ys[kd brus lkjs i`"Bksa esa dguk D;k pkgrk Fkk vkSj ys[kd ds fopkj ,oa mn~n”s ; D;k gS\ egku miU;kldkj lnSo gh thou ,oa thou dh leL;kvksa ds lac/a k esa euu&fparu djrs jgrs gSa vkSj muls vius fu"d"kZ fudkyrs jgrs gSAa isez pan ;qxnz"Vk FksA mUgksua s vius ;qx dh vkRek dks xgjkbZ ls gh ugha le>k Fkk] oju vkus okys ;qx dk Hkfo"; Hkh ns[kk FkkA os lkekftd leL;kvksa ij cjkcj fparu&euu fd;k djrs Fks vkSj vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k] oxZ oS"kE;] foiUurk] n`f"Vdks.k ,oa iat w hoknh laL—fr vkfn ls mRiUu fo"kerkvksa dk lek/kku cjkcj lkspk djrs Fks vkSj vius fopkjksa dks izxfr”khy ekunaMksa dh i`"BHkwfe ij LFkkfir djus dh ps"Vk djrs FksA os lkekftd izk.kh Fks blhfy, lekt esa jgdj Hkh mlls vlaiD` r ugha jg ldrs FksA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ^xksnku* esa NksVh&lh& NksVh leL;k ij mUgksua s vius fopkj O;Dr fd, gSAa blh vk/kkj ij ,d vkykspd us dgk gS fd

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^xksnku* vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; thou dk niZ.k gSA isez pan xzkE;&thou dks fpf=r djus esa dSls fl)gLr Fks] ;g fdlh ls fNik ugha gS]a ij vkt ds fdlku etnwj ds nfjnz vkSj ijo”k thou ds fcuk tehankj vkSj fey&ekfyd ds dkj[kkuksa dks ugha le>k tk ldrk gSA ^xksnku* dh dgkuh Hkh ,d fdlku dh thouh dks ysdj gh pyh gS] ftlds pkjksa vksj eè;oxZ dk thou Hkh ?kwerk gSA lkekU; fdlkuksa ds xq.k&voxq.k mlesa fo|eku gSAa fdl izdkj viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj laLdkjksa ls filk gqvk og nfjnz izk.kh d#.k e`R;q izkIr djrk gS] fdl izdkj lHkh dk isV Hkjrk gS vkSj Lo;a dk vius thou dks fdlh lkekU; bPNk dks iw.kZ djus esa vleFkZ jgrk gS] ;gh lc dqN fn[kkuk ^xksnku* dk y{; gSA izes pan ,d izxfr'khy i=dkj FksA blfy, ^xksnku* ds fopkj n'kZu esa Hkh izxfr'khy ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk gSA izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds izFke vf/kos'ku esa Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, mUgksua s dgk Fkk fd dykdkj dks vius vanj Hkh ,d deh eglwl gksrh gS vkSj ckgj HkhA blh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, mldh vkRek cspuS jgrh gSA isez pan lkfgR; dks mn~n's ;ghu vFkok fuf"Ø; ugha cukuk pkgrs FksA os pkgrs Fks fd geesa n`<r+ k vkSj deZ 'kfDr mRiUu gks] ftlls gesa vius nq%[kkoLFkk dh vuqHkwfr gks] isez pan dk lkjk fopkj&n'kZu bUgha izxfr'khy rRoksa ds vk/kkj ij fufeZr gqvk Fkk] ftldk lanq j ,oa izHkko'kkyh fp=.k ge ^xksnku* esa bl izdkj ns[k ldrs gS& a jk; lkgc gj {k.k vius feVrs gq, oxZ ds vfLrRo ds izfr ltx jgrs gSa vkSj dgha dksbZ ,slk volj gkFk ls ugha tkus nsuk pkgrs] tgk¡ mudh eku] izfr"Bk feV~Vh esa fey tk,A ,d ckj mUgsa irk pyrk gS fd ^fctyh* laiknd vksd a kjukFk muds fo#) dksbZ lekpkj Nkiuk pkgrs gSa rks og /kM+/kM+kdj muds ikl igq¡prs gSa vkSj vkos'k esa dgrs gSa fd ^^;fn vki U;k; vkSj lR; dh j{kk ds fy, ;g lekpkj izdkf'kr djds eq>ls yM+kbZ eksy ysuk pkgrs gSa rks eSa Hkh mlds fy, m|r gw¡A eSa vkidk eq¡g can djus ds fy, gh rks 15 ds LFkku 75 pank nsrk gw¡A vkids ?kkVs dks iwjk djus esa lg;ksx nsrk gw¡A nhikoyh] n'kgjk] gksyh ds ioksZa ij vkids ;gk¡ feBkbZ Hkstrk gwA¡ lky esa iPphl ckj vkidh nkor djrk gw¡ rks dsoy blhfy, fd vki viuk eqg¡ can j[ksAa vki fj'or vkSj drZO; nksuksa lkFk&lkFk ugha fuHkk ldrsA vki Lons'kh&Lons'kh fpYykdj fons'kh nokvksa vkSj oLrqvksa dk foKkiu Nkirs ugha 'kekZrs rks eSa D;ksa vius vklkfe;ksa ls M+kM+&rkoku vkSj tqekZuk ysrs D;ksa 'kekZÅ¡\** jk; lkgc dq'ky vkneh FksA igys mUgksua s vksd a kjukFk dks /kedh nsus dh dksf'k'k dh ij tc vksd a kjukFk us Li"Vr% dg fn;k fd ;gk¡ fl)kar dh ckr vk xbZ gS] blfy, og foo”k gS]a rks >V fxjfxV dh rjg jax cnyrs gq, dgrs gSa ^^vPNk HkkbZ tks pkgs fy[kksA eSa rqEgkjs fl)kar dks ugha rksMu+ k pkgrkA eSa bruk gh dg ldrk gw¡ fd vkxs vkidks bl rjg dh dksbZ f'kdk;r ugha feysxhA** jk;lkgc lkS vknfe;ksa dk pank viuh vksj ls nsus dk ok;nk djds vkf[kjdkj vksd a kjukFk dk eq¡g can dj gh nsrs gSAa

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isez pan }kjk jfpr bl miU;kl esa viuh jpuk dks vkSj vkd"kZ.k cukrs gq, mUgksua s laiknd i= ds gjsd Å¡pkb;ksa vkSj uhpkb;ksa dks izdV djus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;k gSA laiknd th Jherh [kUuk ls vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa dh dFkk dg jgs Fks& ^^cl ;ksa lef>, Jherh th fd laiknd dk thou ,d nh?kZ foyki gS] ftls lqudj yksx n;k djus ds cnys dkuksa ij gkFk j[k ysrs gSAa cspkjk u viuk midkj dj lds u vkSjksa dkA** laiknd ds ckjs esa ;s iafDr;k¡ ^xksnku* miU;kl dks vkSj Hkh vkdf"kZr djrh gS& a ^^fy[krs rks og yksx gS] ftuds vanj dqN nnZ gS] vuqjkx gS] yxu gS] fopkj gSA ftUgksua s /ku vkSj Hkksx&foykl dks thou dk y{; cuk fy;k gS og D;k fy[ksx a As ** vkad s kj laiknd dgrs gSa fd vxj /ku esjs thou dk vkn”kZ gksrk] rks vkt eSa bl n”kk esa u gksrkA eq>s Hkh /ku dekus dh dyk vkrh gSA vkt pkgw¡ rks yk[kksa dek ldrk gw¡ ysfdu ;gk¡ rks èku dks dqN le>k gh ugha( lkfgR; dh lsok vius thou dk /;s; gS vkSj jgsxkA ysfdu lekt ds dqN pkVqdkjksa us vkt laikndh; dh fLFkfr dks dqN vkSj gh cuk fn;kA isez pan us viuh ys[kuh ds ek/;e ls xksnku esa dqN bl rjg ls is”k fd;k& laiknd th us esos vkSj Qy [kk;s Fks vkSj tjk dej lh/kh dj jgs Fks fd jk;lkgc us tkdj dgk& ^^vkidks fel ekyrh ;kn dj jgh gS]a /kU; HkkxA** jk;lkgc ds lkFk gh gkWy esa vk fojktsA m/kj ukSdjksa us estas lkQ dj nh FkhaA ekyrh us vkxs c<+dj mudk Lokxr fd;kA laiknd th us uezrk fn[kk;hA ^^cSfB;s rdYyqQ u dhft,A eSa bruk cM+k vkneh ugha gwA¡ **ekyrh pkVqdkjksa dh rjg igys mUgsa ykyp fn;k] in dh egÙkk crkbZ] viuk LokFkZ fn[kk;kA mlds ckn laiknd th dks 'kjkc ihuh iM+h vkSj ml u'ks esa cgqr mYVk&lhèkk cM+cM+k, ftldk urhtk vPNk ugha gqvkaA mi;qDZ r fopkjksa ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd lpeqp izes pan ;qxnz"Vk Fks ftUgksua s ,d lkekU; ls xk¡o dh ekgkSy dks le; dh vko';drk dks ij[krs gq, Hkfo";xkeh ckrksa dks Hkh vius lkfgR; esa j[kus dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;kA jgh ckr laiknd ,oa i=dkfjrk dh rks isez pan vius thoudky esa ,d laiknd ds thou dks Hkh ft;k vkSj le>k gS ftldk izR;{k mnkgj.k ^xksnku* esa laiknd vksd a kj th ds ek/;e ls i<+k vkSj le>k tk ldrk gSA

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ckylkfgR; foe'kZ cky lkfgR; % รง;kstu] vko';drk vkSj Lo:i& lquhrk vkpkj ckylkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk รงns;& ch- uohu fganh cky dgkuh& oh- eerk

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kuiYdal @ 1 8 1

cky lkfgR; %

ç;kstu] vko';drk vkSj Lo:i & lquhrk vkpkj

^^ftl ns'k ds ikl le`) cky lkfgR; ugha gS] og mTToy Hkfo"; dh vk'kk dSls dj ldrk gS] vkSj ckyd dks dy ;k ijlksa ds Hkjksls dSls NksMk+ tk ldrk gSA bDdhloha lnh dh pqukSfr;ksa ds fy, gekjs ckyd rS;kj gSa fd ugha\**1 t;çdk'k Hkkjrh ds bl dFku dks i<+dj yxrk gS fd ns'k ds Hkfo"; ;kuh tks ckyd ns'k ds fodkl LraHk gSa mudh fpark esa Mwcs Hkkjrh tSls ys[kd cky lkfgR; dh vfuok;Zrk dks eku mldh vksj lc lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj f'k{kkfonksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gSAa ckyd dh igyh ikB'kkyk mldk viuk ?kj gksrk gSA ogk¡ og ifjokj ds jhfr&fjokt vkSj ?kj ds laLdkj lh[krk gS] ij tSls gh og ?kj ls fudy lekt ds yksxksa ls tqMr+ k gS] ikB'kkyk tkrk gS ogk¡ mldk lokax Z h.k fodkl gksrk gSA og viuh vyx igpku cukrk gSA vktdy ekrk&firk ckyd dks dsoy ikBîØe rd gh lhfer j[krs gSa ;k vkxs vkSj vU; iqLrdksa dks i<+us ds fy, çksRlkfgr ugha djrs gSAa blds LFkku ij ,slk gksuk pkfg, fd ckyd vU; iqLrdksa ds çfr Hkh vkdf"kZr gksA lkfgR; ,slh jkg gS ftlds }kjk cPpk Hkfo"; ds fy, vius dks rS;kj dj ldrk gSA cky lkfgR; bl {ks= esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA cky lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr çkphu dky ls vxz.kh jgk gSA nqfu;k dk lkjk cky lkfgR; vkt Hkh laL—r ds ^iapra=* dk _.kh gSA *fgrksins'k* rFkk *dFkklfjrlkxj* vkt Hkh cky lkfgR; ds çsjd xzFa k gSAa ;s dgkfu;k¡ ckydksa dks lqlLa —r] lqlH; ,oa vkn'kZ ukxfjd cuus dh çsj.kk nsrs gSAa iapra= esa i'kq&if{k;ksa dh jkspd dFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls yksd O;ogkj ,oa pfj= fuekZ.k dh f'k{kk dk ç;kstu fl) fd;k x;k gSA iapra= euksjt a u vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk nsus ds ç;kstu dh dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjrk gSA fgrksins'k dh dgkfu;ksa ls Ng eghus esa ckyd ds O;fäRo esa ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA blds vfrfjä yksd dFkkvksa rFkk nar dFkkvksa ds :i esa Hkh cky lkfgR; HkaMkj fo|eku gS tks ih<+h nj ih<+h ekSf[kd :i ls fodkleku gSA euksjt a u dh –f"V ls chjcy] rsukyhjke] xksiky Hkk¡M vkSj yky cq>DdM+ 'kkL=h vkfn ds fdLlksa dk Hkh egRo v{kq..k gSA chloha lnh dh “kq:vkr esa ys[kdksa us cPpksa ds fy, ikSjkf.kd rFkk /kkfeZd dFkk,¡ fy[khA egkHkkjr rFkk jkek;.k tSls xzFa kksa ds cky laLdj.k rS;kj dj is'k fd,A blls ckyd lkgl] ohjrk rFkk LokfHkeku ds çlax i<+ dj mUgsa thou esa viuk ldrs gSAa bl çdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd cky lkfgR; dk eq[; ç;kstu cPpksa dk euksjt a u djrs gq, mUgsa uSfrd f'k{kk ,oa yksd o 'kkL= dh tkudkfj;ksa ls le`) cukuk gSA cky 182@ ladYiuk 182@la

euksjt a u] laL—fr] f'k"Vkpkj vkSj lkSna ;Zcks/k ds laLdkj Mkyus ds fy, cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA cky lkfgR; dYiuk] vk'kk] meax] fo'okl vkSj çse dh Hkkoukvksa ls ljkcksj jgrk gSA blls cPpksa dks i'kq&i{kh vkSj isM& + ikS/ks vius fe= ls yxrs gSAa cky lkfgR; dh lcls igyh ç;kstuh;rk ;g gS fd mlesa Hkjiwj ek=k esa euksjt a u gksA ckyd dks tks lkfgR; fn;k tk; mlls og vius vki dks tksM+ ldsA tSls rkjksa ds lkFk] ç—fr ds lkFk] Qwyks]a frrfy;ks]a i'kq&if{k;ksa ds lkFk vFkkZr ,slh phtsa ftls mlus ns[kk gks] tks mlds lkeus gksA vfHkçk; gS fd cky lkfgR; ckyd dks ;FkkFkZ ls tksMu+ s ds fy, vko';d gSA og euksjt a u ds lkFk mldk Kku c<+krk gS&lkekU; KkuA tks Hkh i<+s mlls euksjt a u ds lkFk mldh ftKklk dh r`fIr gks tk,A thou dk çR;sd {k.k fofoèk ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaL—frd] /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd ewY; thou dh n'kk ds lkFk ifjokj] lekt] ns'k] fo'o dk Hkfo"; lqfuf'pr djrs gSAa vk/kqfud xfr'khy le; esa lHkh dks vkxs tkus dh tYnh gS] ?kj&ifjokj esa ekrk ,oa firk nksuksa gh dke djrs gSAa vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh ds dkj.k pkjksa vksj ls ekufld ruko gSA ,sls esa ruko eqä jgus ds fy, ckydksa dks uSfrd f'k{kk cky lkfgR; ds ek/;e ls nh tk ldrh gSA orZeku esa bldh vf/kd vko';drk gSA fo|ky; ds ikBîØe ds ckn cky lkfgR; ckydksa dks thou dk ikB i<+k ldrk gS blfy, mlds l`tu djus okyksa dk nkf;Ro vfèkd c<+ tkrk gSA mldk drZO; ,sls cky lkfgR; dh jpuk djuk gS tks ckyd dks çsj.kk ns rFkk cky lkfgR; esa fpf=r ewY;ijd ik=ksa dks vkn'kZ xq.k esa vaxhdj dj cky ekufldrk dks LoLFk] ifo= ,oa laLdkfjd cuk,A ,slk gh cky lkfgR; ckyd dks larfq yr cuk,xk] ftlls og vius QSlys Lo;a ys ldsxkA mnkgj.kkFkZ ^iapra=* ds ik¡pos [kaM esa ^vijhf{kr dkjde~* dh tks dgkfu;k¡ gSa os i'kq if{k;ksa dks u ysdj euq";ksa ds ckjs esa gS tks thou ewY; dh f'k{kk euksjt a u ds lkFk nsus esa leFkZ gSA iapra= esa ,d dFkk dk o.kZu gksrk gS rks mlds var ds lkFk ,d dFkk vkSj tqM+ tkrh gSA ;g Øe pyrk jgrk gS vkSj ftKklk c<+rh jgrh gSA ,d mRlqdrk gksrh gSA bu dgkfu;ksa ls ckyd cgqr dqN lh[k ldrk gSA mlds vanj bruk laLdkj Hkj nsuk fd og mlds vkxs >qd tk, vkSj fdlh xyr ekxZ ij dne u j[ksA blesa langs ugha fd mins'k ds }kjk Hkh mu dks Kku o uSfrd f'k{kk nh tk ldrh gSA xq# mlds lehi jgrk gS mldh dgh ckrsa mls fo'okliw.kZ yxrh gSAa xq# Hkh vius f'k"; dks D;k djuk gS] dSls djuk gS dh f'k{kk nsrk gSA rdZiow d Z le>kdj mldk vkRefo'okl c<+krk gSA ijarq cky lkfgR; mls lgt euksjt a u dh ?kqêh ds lkFk f'k{kk nsrk gS vr% ekrk&firk vkSj f'k{kdksa dks vPNs cky lkfgR; dks yksdfç; cukus esa tqV tkuk pkfg,A vkt ds lekt dh ,d çeq[k fpark O;fä dh Lodsfa ær eukso`fÙk vkSj fgaldrk ls tqMh+ gSA vkt bu o`fÙk;ksa ij vad'q k yxkus okys cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk gSA ;fn bl

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fn'kk esa dk;Z ugha fd;k x;k rks fgald o Hkz"V lekt dk gh fuekZ.k gksxkA vr% ;g dguk lgh gS fd Þekuo esa ekuo ds çfr gh ugha] i'kq&if{k;ksa ds çfr laons uk txkus esa Hkh cky lkfgR; dh Hkwfedk mYys[kuh; jgh gSA thou laxkz e esa ckyd lkgl vkSj /kS;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj lds& a çR;{k vkSj ijks{k ;gh lan's k vusd dFkkvksa esa gSA vkt ds ckyd tc cM+s gksx a s rks os pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus esa NwVx as s ugha&>qdx as s ughaA tks cky lkfgR; cM+kas ds }kjk fujarj misf{kr fd;k x;k] ekuo lekt ds fodkl esa mlds ;ksxnku ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkßA2 cky lkfgR; dk Lo:Ik cky lkfgR; dSlk gks\ bl ç'u dk mÙkj ckyd ds eu dks /;ku esa j[kdj gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA vr% cky lkfgR; dks Lor%iw.kZ fuekZ.k esa ckydksa dh vk;q ds vk/kkj ds cus oxksZa dk vk/kkjHkwr egRo gSA 1. f'k'kq ¼3 ls 6 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; 'kS'kokoLFkk ekuo ds fodkl dh loZçFke voLFkk gSA bldh vof/k tUe ls 6 o"kZ rd dh ekuh tkrh gSA fodkl dh lHkh voLFkkvksa esa 'kS'kokoLFkk dk egRo lcls vf/kd gSA ;g voLFkk gh og vk/kkj gS ftl ij ckyd ds Hkkoh thou dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ýk;M ds vuqlkj ^^euq"; dks tks dqN cuuk gksrk gS çkjaHk ds pkj&ik¡p o"kksZa esa gh cu tkrk gSA** ,Myj dk er gS ^^'kS'kokoLFkk ds }kjk thou dk iwjk Øe fu/kkZfjr gksrk gSA**3 ^^pyuk lh[krs gSa tSls cPps xsna ls [ksyuk pkgrs gSa oSls gh cksyuk lh[krs gSa 'kCnksa lsA xsna muds vkxs&vkxs Hkkxrh gS blfy, mUgsa vPNh yxrh gSA 'kCn Hkh ,sls gh gS(a pkgrs gSa tks tcku dks idM+s ugha] mu ij fQlys]a jiVs]a Hkkxs vkSj mudh dYiuk dks nksMk+ ,¡A**4 ^cPpksa dh dfork* dh Hkwfedk esa O;ä los'Z oj ds mi;qä Z fopkj f'k'kqvksa ds lkfgR; ds Lo:i ds lokax Z h.k fodkl ds lVhd fl)kar dk çfriknu djrs gSAa tc cPpk cksyuk lh[krk gSA rks lcls igys og ek¡ ds vk¡py esa jg dj nqfu;k dks ns[krk gSA ek¡ mldh nqfu;k gksrh gSA og ¼ek¡½ mldk ykyu&ikyu dj mlds vklikl ds yksxks]a tSls ekrk&firk] nknk&nknh vkfn leku] jax] isM& + ikS/ks] i'kq&if{k;ksa ls mldk ifjp; djokrh gSA ml le; mls ,slh iqLrdksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gS ftl esa –'; cM+]s jaxksa ls Hkjs] cM+& s cM+s v{kjokys viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs gksAa mls i'kq&i{kh] isM]+ Qwy] pk¡n] lwjt] xqfM+;k ;g lc ns[kuk vPNk yxrk gSA tc og 5 ls 6 lky dk gksrk gS rks mls rqdks&rku ds lkFk gh csrd q h phtksa dk g¡lkus yk;d la;ksx rFkk 'kCnksa dk esy&tksy vPNk yxrk gSA ml le; ckyd dks Kku o`f) ;k uSfrd f'k{kk ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrk gSA os rks dsoy 'kCnksa ds [ksy vkSj ml ds jl ls gh vkuafnr gksrs gSAa ;Fkk&

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^^yìw isMs+ tedj [kkvks <ksy ethjk [kwc ctkvks gS uUgha xqfM+;k dh 'kknh ugha fdlh cqf<+;k dh 'kknhA**5 f'k'kq oxZ dh dforkvksa esa vFkZ] Hkko ;k dkO; lkSna ;Z ugha ns[kk tkrkA cl cPpksa dk euksjt a u djrs gq, mUgsa vkuafnr djuk y{; gksrk gSA f'k'kqvksa ds fy, ,slh vusd dforkvksa dh jpuk gqbZ gSA bl oxZ ds fy, dgkfu;k¡ js[kkfp= ds ek/;e ls ;k 'kCnksa dks ljy rjhds ls ç;ksx dj is'k dh tkrh gSA fp= dks bruk vkd"kZd cuk;k tkrk gS fd ckyd Lo;a gh ml vksj vkdf"kZr gksrk gSA 2. ckyd ¼6 ls 12 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; Ng ls ckjg o"kZ ds cPpksa dh voLFkk ckY;koLFkk dgh tkrh gSA euksoK S kfudksa us ckY;koLFkk dks O;fä ds thou dh fuekZ.kdkjh voLFkk crkrs gq, dgk gS fd bl voLFkk esa ckyd esa tks vknrsa o <ax fodflr gks tkrs gSa mUgsa vkxs tkdj ifjorZu djuk cM+k gh dfBu gksrk gSA dksy ,oa czkbl us bl voLFkk dks ^thou dk vuks[kk dky* ¼Unique period of Life½ dgk gSA Cys;j] tksl a o flEilu ds vuqlkj&^^ckY;koLFkk og le; gS tc O;fä ds ewyHkwr –f"Vdks.kks]a ewY;ksa vkSj vkn'kksZa dk cgqr cM+h lhek rd fu/kkZj.k gksrk gSA** 6 'kS'kokoLFkk ls fudy dj f'k'kq tc ckY;koLFkk esa iSj j[krk gS rc mldh ek¡xas vyx gksrh gSAa og /khjs&/khjs lekt ls ifjfpr gksus yxrk gS] ç'u iwNus yxrk gSA mldh ftKklk rhoz gksus yxrh gS] og nqfu;k dks tkuus dh ps"Vk djrk gSA ekrk&firk] ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa vkSj v/;kidksa dh lgk;rk ls og viuh ftKklk dh I;kl cq>kuk pkgrk gSA vc mlds fy, ,sls lkfgR; dh t:jr gksrh gS tks mldh nqfo/kk dks nwj djsA Hkkjr esa bl oxZ ds fy, mi;ksxh cky lkfgR; dh ijaijk iqjkuh gSA igys Hkh dgk tk pqdk gS iapra= dh dgkfu;ksa esa i'kq&if{k;ksa dks ek/;e cukdj cPpksa dks f'k{kk çnku djus dk lw= viuk;k x;k D;ksfa d dgkuh lquuk cPpksa dks lcls vPNk yxrk gSA os vius vki dks ml dgkuh ls tksM+ ysrs gSAa bUgha dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls mUgsa f'k{kk çnku dh tk ldrh gSA cPpk nknh] ukuh vkSj ek¡ ls dbZ dgkfu;k¡ lqurk gSA dHkh ;s dgkfu;k¡ mls ifj;ksa ds ns'k esa ys tkrh gSa rks dHkh lR; vkSj U;k; tSlh ckrsa Hkh fl[kk nsrh gSA lkgl] cfynku] R;kx vkSj ifjJe tSls xq.kksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrh gSA bl vk/kkj ij ,d O;fDrRo rS;kj gksrk gSA Lej.kh; gS fd cPps rks dPps ?kM+s ds leku gksrs gSAa mUgsa ge ftl vkdkj esa <kysx a s os mlh vkdkj esa <y tk,¡xAs cky lkfgR; dk m)s'; gh bu dks vkdkj nsuk gS& bl

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mís'; dh iwfrZ djuk gSA igys jpukdkj euksjt a u ds lkFk thou dh lPpkb;ksa ls ifjfpr djokrs gSAa vkt ds ckyd dy ds Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; gS]a mlh çdkj mudk pfj= fuekZ.k gksxk rHkh ;s ckyd thou ds la?k"kksZa ls tw> ldsx a s vius QSlys ys ldsx a As lkfgR;dkjksa dks pkfg, fd os igys cky&euksfoKku dh iwjh tkudkjh ys]a fQj lkfgR; l`tu djsAa ckyd ds twrs igu dj vFkkZr muds leku lksp dj dgkuh] dfork] xhr fy[ksAa dgkfu;ksa vkSj dforkvksa ds ek/;e ls ckyd ds eu dks og 'kfä çnku dh tk ldrh gS tks muds Hkhrj vkRefo'okl] laLdkj] leiZ.k] ln~Hkkouk vkSj ns'kçse tkx`r dj ldrh gSA cky lkfgR;dkj cPpksa dks ,sls ia[k nsrk gS ftlls og [kqys vkdk'k esa mUeqä ?kwe ldrk gSA cky lkfgR; ,d Fkkyh gS vkSj mlesa ijkslk x;k euksjt a u] Kku] uSfrd f'k{kk& ;s lc Lokfn"V O;atu gSAa 3. fd'kksj ¼12 ls 18 o"kZ½ ds fy, lkfgR; Cys;j] tksl a vkSj flEilu ds vuqlkj&fd'kksjkoLFkk çR;sd O;fä ds thou esa og dky gS tks ckY;koLFkk ds var ls çkjaHk gksrk gS vkSj çkS<k+ oLFkk ds vkjaHk esAa lkekU;r% ;g voLFkk ckjg o"kZ dh vk;q ls vëkjg o"kZ dh vk;q rd ekuh tkrh gSA oLrqr% bl voLFkk ds vkjaHk gksus dh vk;q] fyax] çtkfr] tyok;q] laL—fr vkSj O;fä ds LokLF; vkfn ij fuHkZj djrh gSA Hkkjr esa ;g if'pe ds BaMs ns'kksa dh vis{kk dqN igys vkjaHk gks tkrh gSA Jerisild – Adolescence is the period through which a growing person makes transition from childhood to maturity.

fd'kksj voLFkk ryokj ij pyus tSlh voLFkk gSA bl voLFkk esa ckyd vleatl esa gksrk gSA u rks og ckyd jgrk gS u gh o;Ld! o;%laf/k dh tks voLFkk gS og gS fd'kksj voLFkkA bl le; 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld ifjorZu gksrs gSAa igys rks mUgsa Lo;a dks le>uk gh dfBu gks tkrk gS fd muds lkFk D;k gks jgk gSA bl le; mUgsa cM+s /;ku ls laHkkyuk iM+rk gSA bl voLFkk esa ;fn mudk lgh fn'kk funs'Z k ugha fd;k x;k rks os xyr jkg ij py ldrs gSAa cky lkfgR; vkSj fd'kksj lkfgR; dh dksbZ vyx&vyx igpku ugha cu ikbZ gS ijarq bu nksuksa ds chp ,d ,slh js[kk gS tks vo'; fdlh dks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA fganh esa fd'kksjksa ds fy, dksbZ [kkl lkfgR; dh jpuk ugha gqbZ gSA çkphu le; ls gh muds fy, dksbZ xzFa k ;k iqLrd dh jpuk ugha gqbZ gSA os ckydksa dh fxurh esa ugha vkrs gSa ij ,slk ugha gS fd os ckyd ls vyx gSAa bl lac/a k esa ^^nsoæas dqekj ^nso's k* viuh iqLrd Þfd'kksj lkfgR; dh laHkkouk,¡ß esa foLrkj ls ppkZ dh gSA blesa fd'kksj lkfgR; dh vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk] ekStnw fd'kksj lkfgR; dh iM+rky vkSj l`tu dh laHkkoukvksa dk jpukRed ifj–'; mifLFkr djus dk ç;Rud fd;k x;k gSA**7

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fiNys ik¡p&Ng n'kdksa ls fganh esa fd'kksj lkfgR; dh fn'kk esa Hkh u, ç;ksx vkSj ç;Ru tkjh gSAa lkfgR;dkjksa dks pkfg, fd os fd'kksj euksfoKku dks le> dj muds Lrj ij vkdj fy[ksAa jpuk ,slh gks ftlesa mudk ekufld fodkl gks vkSj tks ewY; ijd o uSfrdrk ls vksr&çksr gks] rHkh os thou esa lQy gksus ds fy, lq–<+ pfj= dk fodkl dj ldrs gSAa [ksn dh ckr gS fd fganh esa ,sls fd'kksj lkfgR; dh cM+h deh gSA mi;qä Z foospu ds vk/kkj ij ;g Li"V gS fd dksjh LysV tSls cky eu dks laLdkfjr djuk rFkk lkFk gh euksjt a u djrs&djrs lkSna ;Zcks/k vkSj ewY;cks/k dk fuekZ.k djuk cky lkfgR; dk ç;kstu gSA ;gh cky lkfgR; dh vko';drk vkSj lnk çklafxdrk dk Hkh vk/kkj gSA ;g Hkh Li"V gqvk gS fd cky lkfgR; jpuk blfy, vR;ar pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gS D;ksfa d bldk y{; ikBd vFkkZr ckyd oxZ cM+h rhozrk ls cnyrk vkSj fodflr gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cnyrh vk;q ds lkFk cnyrs cky euksfoKku dks /;ku esa j[ks fcuk mR—"V cky lkfgR; ugha jpk tk ldrkA lanHkZ 1- t;çdk'k Hkkjrh] mx vk;k cky lkfgR; dk u;k lw;Z ¼Hkwfedk½] cky lkfgR; dk fodkl ¼la- t;çdk'k Hkkjrh½] i`- 4 2- ogh 3- Mk- fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 57 4- losZ'oj n;ky lDlsuk xzaFkkoyh&5] i`- 113 5- 'ksjtax xxZ ¼uanu 1973½ 6- Mk- fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 60 7- Mk- fxjh'k ipkSjh] f'k{kk ds euksoSKkfud vk/kkj] i`- 66

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Ckky lkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk”kkoknh dk izns; & ch- uohu iz[;kr ys[kd] dgkuhdkj] dfo ,oa cky lkfgR;dkj lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk tUe 6 uoacj] 1959 dks tuin esjB ¼m-iz-½ esa gqvkA mudh vHkh rd 32 iqLrdsa izdkf'kr gks pqdh gSa ftueas cky lkfgR; dh 8 —fr;ksa ¼vaR;k{kjh] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] ukuk&uknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡] eqgkojksa ds xhr] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] ,d&,d X;kjg] Nqb& Z eqb½Z ds lkFk 10 dgkuh laxgz ¼ijk, vk¡xu es]a /kwi dk VqdM+k] dqN vius iy] dka/ks ij lQj] ,d vkSj ;q)] lkbysl a tksu vkfn½] 6 y?kqdFkk laxgz ¼ljksdkj] vius&vius vFkZ] izfrfuf/k y?kqdFkk,¡] eq[kkSVk] vk¡p½] 4 miU;kl ¼dkyk pk¡n] nsg] Hkkouk] I;kls fj'rs½] 3 dkO; laxgz ¼cQZ <ksrh laons uk,¡] fpfM+;k foLQksV djsxh] iqu% uhM+ dh vksj½ rFkk 1 O;aX; —fr ¼,d HkSl a s dh vkRedFkk½ 'kkfey gSAa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh lkfgR;dkj ds lkFk&lkFk f'k{kkfon~ gSAa os lelkef;d folaxfr;ksa ,oa fonwiz rkvksa dks vius lkfgR; esa mdsjus ds lkFk&lkFk ewY;ksa dks Hkh izfrLFkkfir djrs gSAa ;gk¡ lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ds lkfgfR;d izn;s ij n`f"V dsfa nzr dh tk jgh gSA cky lkfgR; ds ekè;e ls thou ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk nsus dk mik; gh Mk- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ds erkuqlkj lokZf/kd mi;qDr gSA ^^dkj.k Li"V gS fd ftu ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk ckyeu esa le;kuqlkj gks tk,xh] ogh ewY; ckyd ds Hkfo"; esa ewY;ksa dh e;kZnk,¡ lgstus esa dkjxkj Hkwfedk dk fuokZg dj ldrs gSAa **1 ,slk ugha gS fd lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dsoy cky lkfgR; gh fy[krs gSAa lkekftd fo"kerkvksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrh y?kqdFkk,¡] dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡ ,oa miU;kl ys[ku esa Hkh mudh #fp gSA ,sls esa mudk iz;kl jgrk gS fd lHkh vk;q oxksZa dh euksn'kk] fo'ks"k vk;q dk euksfoKku l`tu dks ,d nwljs dh fof'k"Vrk ds vk/kkj ij foyx djsA mYys[kuh; gS fd ,d le; Fkk fd tc fganh cky lkfgR; dh iqLrdksa ,oa if=dkvksa ls cktkj Hkjk jgrk FkkA ^^cqd LVkWYl ij vusd cky if=dk,¡ ckydksa ds vkd"kZ.k dk dsna z jgk djrh FkhaA cky l[kk] pank ekek] uanu] uUgha nqfu;k] eueksgu] vatw iat]w 'ksj cPpk] paid] cky gal lfgr cky miU;kl ,oa cky dkWfeDl ckydksa dks yqHkkrs FksA ysfdu orZeku esa dqN fxuh pquh if=dk,¡ gha cktkj esa jg xbZ gS]a ftuesa ls vf/kdka”k esa og ckyksi;ksxh lkfgR; ugha gS] ftls cky euksfoKku dh dlkSVh ij [kjk dgk tk ldsA**2 bl ij lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh fpark O;Dr djrs gSAa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dh cky lkfgR; dh iqLrdksa esa Nqb& Z eqbZ ¼cky xhr] 1995½] vaR;k{kjh ¼2010½] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡ ¼2010½] ukuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡ ¼2010½] eqgkojksa ds xhr ¼2013½] eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡ ¼2013½] ,d&,d X;kjg ¼vad dfork,¡] 2014½] vkvks ioZ euk,¡ ¼2014½ mYys[kuh; gSAa

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cky lkfgR;dkj ds :i esa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh us ^Nqb& Z eqb*Z ¼cky xhr½ ds ek/;e ls NksVh&NksVh okD; jpukvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, cPpksa dks vtxj] fpfM+;k] frryh] eksj] fcYyh] dcwrj] phaVh] gkFkh] es<a d ds LokHkkfod xq.kksa dks le>k;k gSA cPpksa dks fl[kkus ds fy, igys mudh ekufldrk dks le>uk vfuok;Z gSA ;fn mUgsa lhèks&lhèks mins'k nsx a s rks ckr fcxM+ ldrh gS ysfdu xhrksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls le>k,¡xs rks ckr muds fnekx esa ?kj dj tkrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ehBs opu dh egÙkk dks Li"V djrk gqvk ;g xhr ns[ksa & ^^dkSvk fdlls D;k ys ysrk dks;y fdldks D;k ns nsrh dkSvk dk¡o dk¡o fpYykrk blhfy, u eu dks Hkkrk dks;y ehBs xhr lqukrh blhfy, lcds eu HkkrhA**3 cPpksa dks /ofu;ksa ds ckjs esa fl[kkus ds fy, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk ;g xhr cgqr mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS& ^^>j >j >j >juk cgrk gS QV QV QV iaNh mM+rk gS Vj Vj Vj es<a d VjkZrk HkkSa HkkSa dj dqÙkk xqjkZrkA**4 ek¡ dh eerk dks n'kkZus okys bl xhr dks ns[ksa & ^^lcls I;kjh gS esjh ek¡ tx ls U;kjh gS esjh ek¡ lnk isez dk ikB i<+krh ckr ckr esa gS nqyjkrhA esjh ek¡ dk gS midkj ek¡ ls gh gS ?kj lalkjA**5 vaR;k{kjh cPpksa dh cgqr ilanhnk fo/kk gSA flQZ cPpksa ds fy, gh ugha vfirq cM+kas ds fy, HkhA le; fcrkus dk blls vPNk vkSj Kkuo/kZd mik; nwljk ugha gSA blls ,d vksj le; Hkh dV tkrk gS nwljh vksj Kku Hkh feyrk gSA lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dk cgqr fnuksa dk iz;kl gS vaR;k{kjhA ;g euksjt a u ds lkFk&lkFk Kku dh ckrsa Hkh fl[kkus esa l{ke gSA bl iqLrd ds ek/;e ls mUgksua s uSfrd] lkekftd vkSj jk"Vªh; thou ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh gSA ^nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡* 'kh"kZd iqLrd ds ek/;e ls mUgksua s mu dgkfu;ksa dks lgstk gS ftuds ek/;e ls Kku ds lkFk lkFk cPpksa esa ewY; izfrLFkkfir gksAa os dgrs

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gSa fd ^^cpiu esa nknk&nknh ls lquh dgkfu;k¡ vkt Hkh eq>s tc ;kn vkrh gSa rks eu xqnxqnkus yxrk gSA jkr nsj rd tkxdj nknk&nknh ds fcLrj esa dHkh ifj;ksa dh tknqbZ dgkuh lquus dh ftn~n djus yxrsA gj jkr nknk&nknh dks ;w¡ gh lrkrs vkSj ubZ&ubZ dgkfu;k¡ lqurs rks dHkh rksrk&eSuk dh dgkuh lquus dh ftn~n dj cSBrsA gesa dgkfu;k¡ lqukus esa mUgsa Hkh rks vkuan feyrk FkkA fdruh lqgkuh Fkh oks jkrsAa vkt Hkh eq>s os jkr vkSj mu jkrksa esa nknk&nknh ls lquh dgkuh vPNh rjg ;kn gSA**6 bl iqLrd esa ladfyr dgkfu;ksa rFkk blesa fu:fir thou ewY; egRoiw.kZ gSA ûkuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡* dh ltZukRedrk ds ckjs esa Li"V djrs gq, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh dgrs gSa fd ^^dqN dgkfu;ksa dks fy[kus dk volj feyk rks viuh bl Hkkxrh&nkSMr+ h ftanxh ls dqN iy fudkys vkSj ukuk&ukuh dh mu dgkfu;ksa dks ,d dkxt ij mdsjrk pyk x;kA vkt bUgha dgkfu;ksa us ,d iqLrd dk :i ys fy;kA dgkfu;ksa dks cgqr gh ljy Hkk"kk esa fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ;s dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa esa laL— fr] f'k{kk vkSj Kku dk lapkj Hkh djsx a hA --- rks vkb, vius Kku dks c<+k,¡ vkSj i<+as ukuk&ukuh dh ,slh dgkfu;k¡ ftuls gks cPpksa ds pfj= dk fuekZ.kA eq>s vk'kk gh ugha vfirq iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd iqLrd cky&ikBdksa ds fy, gh ugha vfirq izR;sd oxZ ds ikBdksa ds fy, mi;ksxh fl) gksxhA**7 eqgkojksa ds ckjs esa le>kuk cgqr gh dfBu gksrk gSA ckydksa ds fy, x| ds ek/;e ls fl[kkuk tfVy gksrk gSA mUgsa [ksy&[ksy esa fl[kkus ds fy, ,slh fo/kk pkfg,] tks d.kZfiz; gks rFkk ckydksa dk euksjt a u Hkh djsAa ^îzkjafHkd f”k{kk esa ;fn ckydksa dks Kku ds fy, izfs jr djuk gksrk gS] rks mUgsa dksey Hkkoksa dh dfork,¡ lqukdj daBLFk djkbZ tkrh gS] ftuesa ckyd vYi iz;kl esa gh vf/kd lh[k tkrk gS rFkk fcuk vf/kd ifjJe ds ckyd ds Kku HkaMkj esa vis{kk ls vf/kd o`f) gksrk gSA**8 êqgkojksa ds xhr* Hkkjrh; lekt ds O;kogkfjd fu"d"kksZa ls mits eqgkojksa ds vFkksZa dk dkO;e;h laxzg gS ftls ckydksa ds euksfoKku dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, fy[kk x;k gSA ;g iqLrd fu”p; gh ckydksa ds Kku dk foLrkj djus esa lgk;d gksxhA êqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡* esa êqgkojksa ds xhr* dh Hkk¡fr gh dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls eqgkojksa ds ckjs esa Li"V fd;k x;k gSA eqgkojs Hkkjrh; lekt dh thou 'kSyh ds O;kogkfjd fu’d"kZ gksrs gS]a lks êqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡* ds ek/;e ls eqgkojksa ds vFkZ ,oa muls lacfa èkr dgkuh fy[kus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA blesa langs ugha fd ;s dgkfu;k¡ ckydksa ds ekul iVy ij vfeV Nki vafdr djds muesa lkspus ,oa vius O;kogkfjd thou dh lPpkbZ;ksa ls voxr gksus dh {kerk iznku djrh gSAa ^,d&,d X;kjg* oLrqr% vad dforkvksa dk ladyu gSA cgqr gh jkspd <ax ls mUgksua s cPpksa dks xhrksa ds ek/;e ls vadksa dh fxurh fl[kkbZ gSA orZeku f'k{kk i)fr ij Hkh O;aX; dlus esa lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ugha pwdrsA ns[ksa &

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^^v vk b bZ m Å , ,s vks vkS va v% d [k x ?k cpiu esa fl[kky, tkrsA , ch lh Mh b ,Q th ,p vkbZ ts ds ,y ,e ,u vks lcdks [kwc jVk, tkrsA ou Vw Fkzh Qksj Qkbo flDl lsou ,V ukbu vaxy q h ij fxuok, tkrsA**9 lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh flQZ vadksa dh fxurh gh ugha fl[kkrs cfYd ewY;ksa dks Hkh LFkkfir djrs gSAa tSls & ^^,d ,d tc fey tkrs gSa feydj os nks dgykrs gSa ,d&nwljs ds lax feydj os cy'kkyh gks tkrs gSAa **10 ^vkvks ioZ euk,¡* ds ek/;e ls lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh us Hkkjrh; ioksZa ds ckjs esa cPpksa dks fl[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA iangz vxLr] j{kkca/ku] Jh—".k tUek"Veh] nks vDVwcj] fot;n'keh] okYehfd t;arh] nhikoyh] bZn] iPphl fnlacj ,sls dbZ R;ksgkjksa ds ckjs esa cPpksa dks cky xhrksa ds }kjk le>k;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ns[ksa & ^^fVd&fVd djrh ?kM+h crkrh feuV vkSj ?kaVksa dh pfy dc esa iwjk cjl gS chrk vk;k gS fQj u;k lkyA tc vkrh gS ,d tuojh o"kZ dk gksrk igyk fnu lky iqjkuk ihNs NwVk u, lky dh [kqf'k;k¡ fxuA**11 ^^vkbZ gS NCchl tuojh ns'k dk gS x.kra= fnol lafo/kku ykxw gksus dk le>ks ;g gS tUe fnolA**12 lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh cPpksa dks ljy vkSj lgt Hkk"kk esa /keZ dh vo/kkj.kk dks Li"V djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd & ^^/keZ ogh gS tks /kkj.k djrs ftlesa thrs vkSj gSa ejrs /keZ vkpj.k gS fl[kykrk

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vuq'kklu ls ftldk ukrkA /keZ dh viuh gS ifjHkk"kk fl[kykrh thou vfHkyk"kk /keZ dh viuh ijaijk,¡ feydj ftudks lHkh fuHkk,¡A**13 oLrqr% /keZ thou n'kZu gSA /keZ vkpj.k fl[kkrk gSA ysfdu vkt /keZ ds uke ij dqN lukruh dV~Vjoknh yksx ns'k dks VqdM+kas esa ck¡V jgs gSAa blhfy, lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh cPpksa dks fl[kkrs gSa fd & ^^/keZ gekjk thou n'kZu blls gh thou ifjorZu /keZ gekjk lcls U;kjk /keZ gesa gS lcls I;kjkA**14 vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lq/kkdj vk”kkoknh ,d ,sls l`td iz;ksx/kehZ O;Dr lkfgR;dkj gSa ftUgksua s cPpksa ds euksfoKku dks iwjh rjg ls le>k gSA muds fy, cky lkfgR; flQZ euksjt a u dk lk/ku ugha gS vfirq ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djus dk ek/ ;e gSA lanHkZ 1- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^cky lkfgR; l`td dks iz;ksx/kehZ gksuk pkfg,* uhjtk dh fo”ks"k ckrphr½] lzofa r] o"kZ&59] vad&11] Qjojh] 2015] 2- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^cky lkfgR; l`td dks iz;ksx/kehZ gksuk pkfg,* uhjtk dh fo'ks"k ckrphr½] lzofa r] o"kZ&59] vad&11] Qjojh] 2015] 3- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] êhBh cksyh*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 9 4- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^>juk*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 12 5- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] êk¡*] NqbZ&eqbZ] i`- 4 6- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] nknk&nknh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] i`- 3 7- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] ukuk&ukuh dh vueksy dgkfu;k¡] i`- 3 8- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] Hkwfedk] eqgkojksa ds xhr] i`- 3 9- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^vad dfork,¡*] ,d&,d X;kjg] i`- 4 10- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^nks*] ,d&,d X;kjg] i`- 6 11- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] û;k lky*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 3 12- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^NCchl tuojh*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 4 13- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^/keZ*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 2 14- lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh] ^/keZ*] vkvks ioZ euk,¡] i`- 2

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¼lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ls xqjZedksaMk i`- 15 ¼lq/kkdj vk'kkoknh ls xqjZedksaMk i`- 16

fganh cky dgkuh & oh-eerk ckyd fo/kkrk }kjk fufeZr og vyH;&vuks[kk Ñfr gS] tks thou dh feBkl] laxhr vkSj lqjfHk ds lkFk&lkFk ewY;ks]a ijaijkvksa dks Hkh lqjf{kr j[krk gSA cPpksa dk eu dgkuh lquus ds fy, mrkoyh gksrk gSA nknh&ukuh dh dgkfu;ksa dh fiVkjh tc [kqyrh gSa rks mlesa /kjs ,d&ls&,d uk;kc jRuksa dh ped ls uUgks& a eqUuksa dh vk¡[ksa pkSfa /k;k tkrh gSAa xfeZ;ksa dh lqjebZ lka> dh [kqyh Nr gks ;k tkM+s dh lnZ jkr dh xje jtkbZ] nknh&ukuh dh dgkuh dk dqN vyx gh etk gksrk gSA cPpksa dh nqfu;k dk gj jax] gj Hkko] gj Nfo] gj Hkko&Hkafxek fganh cky dgkuh esa ekStnw gSA ckyd fo”o ukxfjd gksrk gS] ckY;koLFkk esa mls ns”k] dky] tkrh] o.kZ vkSj /keZ dh lhek,¡ ugha ck¡/k ikrhA mldh Hkkoukvksa ,oa dYiukvksa dk lalkj foLr`r gksrk gSA ckyd dh bu Hkkoukvksa ,oa dYiukvksa dk LoLFk fodkl gksuk pkfg, D;ksfa d lkekftd fodkl ds vadjq cPps gh gksrs gSAa cky dgkuh mu laLdkjksa dks dgkuh ds ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls iq"V djrk gS tks cM+s gksdj mUgsa thou ewY;ksa dks igpkuus esa lgk;rk djrh gSAa cky thou esa ewY; ,oa laLdkj Hkjus ds fy, iapfoa”kfrdk] flagklu cÙkhlh] Hkkst izcèa k] “kqd lIrfr tSls laLÑr dFkk lkfgR; izkIr gSAa osn] iqjk.k] mifu’kn vkfn xzFa kksa ds vk[;ku] mik[;ku] uSfrd ewY;ijd vla[; dFkkud vkSj vusd egkiq#’kks]a nsoh&nsorkvksa ds dFkk&izlx a ksa dh v{k; xaxks=h ls fganh cky dgkfu;ksa dh eankfduh izokfgr gks jgh gS] tks ekuo thou ds ukuk :iksa dh O;k[;k djrh gSA ftKklk vkSj dkSrgw y ekuo dh lgt izof` Ùk gSA blhfy, dgkuh ekuo bfrgkl ds vkjaHk ls gh mlds lkFk tqMh+ gqbZ gSA dgkuh esa cPps vf/kd jl ysrs gSAa gj vk;q ds cPps viuh&viuh #fp dh dgkfu;k¡ lquuk ;k i<+uk ilan djrs gSAa dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa dks fj>krh gSa vkSj dYiuk ds u, yksd esa ys tkrh gSAa cPpksa dh vfHk#fp;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj cky&dgkuh dk oxhZdj.k bl izdkj fd;k tkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;k¡ % bl dgkuh dk vk/kkj bfrgkl gksrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkuh ds ,d :Ik esa HkkSfrd ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu gksrk gS rks nwljs :i dk lac/a k jktuhfr ls vf/ kd gksrk gSA ,sfrgkfld dky esa thfor ik= ltho laons u”khy izk.kh gksrs gSAa os vius dk;Z O;ogkj] fparu] vuqHko] vkn”kZ vkfn ls bfrgkl dh /kkjk eksM+ nsrs gSa vkSj vius thou dh Nki vkxs ds le; ij NksM+ tkrs gSAa lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku viuh dfork esa dg pqdh gS& a ^cqna y s s gjcksyksa ds eq¡g geus lquh dgkuh Fkh] [kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >k¡lh okyh jkuh FkhAA* 193@ ladYiuk 193@la

tgk¡ bfrgkl jktk] jkuh] lSfud] turk dk ifjp; nsrk gS] ogha ;g ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ksa dh i`’BHkwfe cu ldrh gSA ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ksa ls /kS;]Z lkgl] ohjrk] jktuhfr] ‘kM;a=] ns”kHkfDr] vkRelEeku] ml le; dh thou “kSyh] lkfgR;&laLÑfr vkfn dk Kku izkIr gksrk gSA ikSjkf.kd dgkfu;k¡ % Hkkjr dk izkphu bfrgkl iqjk.kksa esa lqjf{kr gSA iqjk.kksa dh jpuk esa dYiuk dk iqV T;knk gksus ij Hkh vrhr thou ds n`“; laxfz gr gSA ;s n`“; vR;ar ltho rFkk ekuoh; laons ukvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSAa ns”kHkDr ckyd “kreU;q vdkyxzLFk ns”k dks cpkus ds fy, izk.kksa dk cfy p<+kus rS;kj gksrk gSA banz dks izlUu djus ds fy, ujes/k fd;k tkus yxk rks ckjg o’khZ; ckyd “kreU;q Hkjh lHkk esa [kM+k gksdj dgrk gS] ^^vla[; izkf.k;ksa dh j{kk ,oa ns”k dks ladV dh fLFkfr ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy, esjk izk.k lg’kZ vfiZr gSA** ckyd “kreU;q tSls ik= ls cPpksa esa R;kx] drZO;fu’Bk] ns”k izes ] ijksidkj lgt gh iSnk fd;k tk ldrk gSA i|e; cky dgkfu;k¡ % cPpksa dh lokZf/kd yksdfiz; fo/kk gS dgkuh vkSj ;gh dgkuh dfork ds :Ik esa dgh tk, rks mUgsa nqxuq h fiz; gks tkrh gSA Lkksguyky f}osnh dh ^pyjs eVds VEed Vw¡* “kq:vkr gh ckyeu esa iwjh dgkuh ds izfr xgjh yyd mitk nsrh gS& ^cgqr fnu gq, cqf<+;k ,d@pyrh Fkh ykBh VsdA mlds ikl cgqr Fkk eky@tkuk Fkk mldks llqjkyA exj jkg esa phrs&”ksj@ysrs Fks jkgh dks ?ksjA cqf<+;k us lksph rnchj@ftlls ped mBs rdnhjA fQj ,d cM+&lk eVdk e¡xkdj vkSj mlesa lkeku lfgr [kqn cSBdj cqf<+;k llqjky py nh & ^vk;s phrs] vk;s “ksj@ij cqf<+;k dks lds u ?ksjA ysdj ds lc ?kj dk eky@cqf<+;k igq¡p xbZ llqjkyA cqf<+;k xkrh tkrh ;w¡@pyjs eVds VEed Vw¡A ijhdFkk,¡ % ijh dFkk,¡ cPpksa dks cgqr Hkkrs gSAa fo”o dh dksbZ Hkk’kk ,slh u gksxh ftlesa ifjdFkk,¡ u gksAa dqN ijhdFkk laxkz gdksa vkSj ijhdFkkdkjksa dh cky lkfgR; dks egRoiw.kZ nsu ekuh tkrh gSA ijhdFkk ,d dYiuk gSA ifj;ksa dk jax lQsn] mM+us ds fy, ia[k] ckSuk dn gksrs gSAa ifj;k¡ cPpksa dks pany z ksd dh lSj djkrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ln~x.q kksa ds cgqr fudV cPpksa dks ;FkkFkZ thou dh fujk”kk ls nwj lkaRouk ,oa lg;ksx nsdj os mudh vkLFkkvksa vkSj fo”oklksa dks c<+krh gSAa ijhdFkkvksa esa ,slh ?kVuk,¡ gksrh gSa ftUgsa ge lkèkkj.kr;k lksp gh ugha ldrs] ysfdu muls gekjk efLr’d fo”kky curk gS vkSj vkxs lkspus dh cqf) mitrh gSA 194@ ladYiuk 194@la

uSfrd&/kkfeZd dgkfu;k¡ % bu dgkfu;ksa ls cPpksa ds fn”kk funs”Z k nsus esa dksbZ langs ugha gSA gesa ;g ns[kuk gS fd /kkfeZd dgkfu;k¡ dgha cky&eu esa va/kfo”okl] /kekZ/a krk] ?k`.kk vkSj fo}s’k tSls Hkko rks ugha Hkj jgh gSAa cPpksa dks LoPN ,oa LoLFk thou ewY;ksa ls tksMu+ s esa budh mikns;rk vR;f/kd gSA ;”kiky tSu us lLrk lkfgR; eaMy ls ^cksèk dFkk,¡*] ^uhfr ds cksy*] ^vkn”kZ nsfo;k¡* tSlh iqLrdksa ls cPpksa dks thou;kiu dh jkg fn[kkbZA cPpksa esa izjs .kk ds cht dsoy ,sfrgkfld&ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa esa gh ugha feyrh dHkh&dHkh vius vkl&ikl ds thou esa Hkh gesa ,sls pfj= fn[k tkrs gS]a ftUgksua s vius ladYi] Je vkSj thou ls grk”k ds ?kus dksgjs dks phjdj lQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+h gSAa vius utnhd ?kweus okys ;s thrs&tkxrs ik= cPpksa dks de izHkkfor ugha djrsA budh lPph dgkfu;k¡ i<+dj muds eu esa Hkh lQy gksus dh vkdka{kk tkxrh gSA lkglh dgkfu;k¡ % thou cM+kas dk gks ;k ckydksa dk lkgl dh nksuksa dks vko”;drk gksrh gSA lkekU; thou esa lkgl “kfDr dk lapkj djrk gSA tcfd vkdfLed dfBukb;ksa esa lkgl “kfDr c<+kdj cpus ;k dfBukbZ ij fot; fnykus esa lQy gksrk gSA 1938 o’kZ esa izdkf”kr iqLrd ^tku gFksyh ij* esa jkeo`{k csuhiqjh us ohjrk vkSj lkgl dh jksekapd dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa iqLrd dh Hkwfedk esa mUgksua s fy[kk gS&^ohjrk] o;] fyax] oxZ&fdlh Hkh HksnHkko ij fuHkZj ugha djrhA ;g LofxZd pht gS] tc tgk¡] ftl ij ped tk,A* lkgl ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj mRiUu gksrh gSA blh ds ifj.kkeLo:Ik ekuo Lo;a lkgliw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA lkfgR;dkjksa us lkgliw.kZ dk;Z iznf”kZr dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk dhA cky ikBd ,slh dgkfu;ksa esa jleXu gksdj vius ân; dks fodflr djrk gSA f”kokth dh ek¡ thtkckbZ f”kokth dks cpiu esa ohjrkiw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ lquk;k djrh FkhaA bu ohjrkiw.kZ dgkfu;ksa ds lkgl dh ,slh Nki f”kokth ij iM+h fd vkxs pydj mUgksua s “kfDr”kkyh ckn”kkg vkSja x a tsc ds nk¡r [kV~Vs dj fn,A yksd dFkk,¡ % yksd thou dh cgqeYw ; Fkkfr vkSj ns”k dh lkaLÑfrd ,drk dh fun”kZd Hkh gSA yksd dFkk,¡ cky lkfgR; dk “kk”or Lkzkrs gSA yksd lkfgR; esa tuekul dks vfHkO;fDr feyhA yksd dFkk,¡ lai.w kZ vkfnoklh thou dks izfrfcafcr djrh gSAa bu dFkkvksa ds jpukdkjksa dk ekul vR;ar O;kid gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd i”kq&if{k;ksa ls ysdj isM& + ikS/kksa vkSj ekuotkfr rd vFkkZr~ tM+&psru lHkh dks yksd dFkkvksa esa ok.kh feyhA bu dFkkvksa us tM+ dks Hkh psru fn;kA tklwlh dgkfu;k¡ % tklwlksa dk fodkl vijk/kksa dk irk yxkus ds fy, gqvk gSA viuh lw{e cqf) dk izek.k rFkk rdZ&fordZ ds vk/kkj ij tklwl vijkf/k;ksa rd igq¡prs gSAa fdarq tklwl vius dke esa ftrus eqLrSn vkSj dq”kkxz gksrs gS]a vijk/kh Hkh mrus gh cqf)eku

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gksrs gSAa nksuksa ,d nwljs ls ekr [kk;k djrs gSa vkSj dHkh tklwl vijkf/k;ksa dks idM+us esa lQy gksrs gS]a rks dHkh vijk/kh tklwlksa dks /kks[kk nsdj viuk dke cukus esa lQy gks tkrs gSAa vaxt sz h esa tklwlh lkfgR; dk izpyu cgqr igys gh gks pqdk FkkA fganh cky lkfgR; esa og izokg gh gS] fQj Hkh tklwlh lkfgR; us viuk LFkku cuk fy;k gSA 1941 esa ^uanu* cky if=dk dk iwjk vad gh tklwlh dgkuh vad ds :Ik esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA gkL; dgkfu;k¡ % ckydksa ds LokLF; ds fy, gkL; dh vko';drk gksrh gSA gkL; dgkkfu;k¡ bl fo’k; esa ize[q k Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSAa cky lkfgR; dk mn~n”s ; ckydksa ds ekufld fodkl ds lkFk gh mudk euksjt a u djuk Hkh gS fdarq gkL; cky&lkfgR; rks fo”kq) euksjt a u dh n`f’V ls gh l`ftr gksrh gSA dgkfu;ksa ,oa mins'kksa ds lgkjs cPpksa ds pfj= dk fodkl djrs gSAa izes ] lgkuqHkwfr] eerk] okRlY; vkSj Lofoosd dh muesa {kerk gksrh gSA ;s lc Hkko mins”k ls ugha izkÑfrd :Ik ls muesa tUe ys ysrs gSAa muds iw.kZ thou dks ekufld :Ik ls LokLF; cuk, j[kus rFkk mYykl vkSj mRlkgiw.kZ cukus ds fy, gkL; lkfgR; dh mi;ksfxrk gSA /keZiky 'kkL=h] lR;nso prqonZs h] deyk eYgks=k vkfn us vPNh gkL; dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa i”kq&if{k;ksa dh dgkfu;k¡ % i”kq&if{k;ksa dh dgkfu;ksa dk izFke Lkzkrs iapra= ,oa fgrksins”k ds igys ls gSA i”kq&if{k;ksa }kjk cky dgkuh jpuk dh n`f’V lgt vkSj LoHkkfod gSA ekuo thou i”kq&if{k;ksa ds lkFk ?kqy&feydj gh izkjafHkd dky ls chrrk vk;k gSA l`f’V ds vkjaHk esa ekuo thou i”kq&if{k;ksa ds lkFk bruk ?kfu’B :Ik ls tqMk+ gqvk Fkk fd ekuo mUgsa vius thou dk vax ekuus yxkA /khjs&/khjs og muls ckrphr djus] vius lq[k&nq[k dh ckrsa djus vkSj muds lq[k&nq[k dh Hkh dYiuk djus yxkA vkfn ckyd dh Hkk¡fr vkt dk ckyd Hkh i”kq&if{k;ksa dh laxfr esa igq¡pus ds fy, ykykf;r jgrk gSA rHkh vkt dk cky dgkuhdkj i”kq&if{k;ksa dks vk/kkj cukdj dgkfu;k¡ fy[k jgk gSA ^vCcw[kk¡ dh cdjh* “kh’kZd cky dgkuh ds ys[kd Mk- tkfdj gqluS gSAa bl dgkuh dh dsna hz ; laons uk gS& viuh vktknh dh j{kk ds fy, ej&feVus dh HkkoukA oSKkfud dgkfu;k¡ % vkt dk ;qx foKku dk ;qx gSA foKku us gesa dsoy mUufr ds volj ugha fn,] cfYd viuh ;FkkrF;rk ls gekjs n`f’Vdks.k dks Hkh cny fn;k gSA oSKkfud dgkfu;ksa ds ys[ku esa nks n`f’Vdks.k gS& a foKku dh tkudkjh nsuk vkSj oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k dk fodkl djukA izFke dksfV dh cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kus ds fy, jpukdkj dks foKku dh Bksl tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,] D;ksfa d og vius cky ikBdksa dks oSKkfud rF;ksa ls voxr djkrk gSA nwljh dksfV dh cky dgkfu;ksa esa va/kfo”okl dk [kaMu rFkk

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izn’w k.k ls cpko tSls fo’k;ksa }kjk cPpksa esa oSKkfud n`f’Vdks.k dk fodkl fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ,d Js.kh ,slh gS] ftlesa oSKkfud rRo dh vis{kk QSVa l s h rRo vf/kd gkoh jgk gSA eqgkojksa dh dgkfu;k¡ % eqgkojs Hkk’kk ds fof”k’V iz;ksx ds lwpd gSa vkSj Hkk’kk dh O;atukiw.kZ bdkbZ gSAa viuh vFkZ xaHkhjrk }kjk Hkk’kk dh l?kurk iznku djrs gSAa eqgkojksa dh nwljh fo”ks’krk gS fd muds ewy esa fdlh ?kVuk dk ladrs jgrk gS tSls ^^LoxZ ls fxjk [ktwj ij vVdkA** Mk- gfjÑ’.k nsoljs ds “kCnksa esa ^^bu dgkfu;ksa dh jpuk esa ;g fo”ks’krk gksrh gS fd os eqgkojksa esa ls gh fudyrh gSAa eqgkojsnkj dgkuh fy[kus okyksa esa gfjÑ’.k nsoljs] vksd a kj prqonZs h] vkseizdk”k flagy vkfn ize[q k gSAa ^vDy cM+h ;k HkSl a *] ^eu paxk rks dBkSrh esa xaxk*] ^rsy ns[kks] rsy dh /kkj ns[kks* tSlh dgkfu;ksa esa bUgksua s thou o txr dks eqgkojksa ls tksMk+ gSA cky euksoSKkfud dgkfu;k¡ % bl oxZ dh cky dgkfu;ksa dh “kq:vkr esa izes pan dh bZnxkg fy[kh xbZA lkfo=h nsoh oekZ] eUeFkukFk xqIr] fo’.kq izHkkdj tSls iqjkus dgkuhdkjksa ds lkFk ckn ds ys[kdksa us Hkh lqna j euksoK S kfud cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh gSAa fo’.kq izHkkdj dh ^lqna j yM+dh* dgkuh esa ukS&nl o’kZ dh xqfM+;k tSlh eatjh dks vius :i&lkSna ;Z ij ?keaM gSA eNqokjs dh yM+dh dud mldh leo;Ld gS] og eatjh dks dq:i yxrh gSA ij tc ogh dud mls leqnz esa Mwcus ls cpkrh gS rks mldh vk¡[kksa esa lcls lqna j yM+dh cu tkrh gSA ^feuh egkRek* ¼vkye”kkg [kku½ Jh izlkn dh ^#uq :Bh gS*] {kek “kekZ dh ^tqnkbZ fdju* vkfn ize[q k cky dgkfu;k¡ gSAa cPpksa dk thou vkSj vkfLerk dh ryk”k djrh cky dgkfu;k¡ % cPpksa dk lalkj cgqr cny x;k gSA igys [ksy&f[kykSuksa ls] gksyh&fnokyh rd mudh [kqf”k;k¡ lhfer FkhA vkt dEI;wVj ds ekml ds lkFk [ksyrs gSAa dkSrgq y ,oa ftKklk cgqr c<+ x;k gSA ekrk&firk dh e”khuh ftanxh] iSlksa ds ihNs HkkxnkSM+ esa vkt dk cPpk vdsyk gSA fd”kksjkoLFkk esa igq¡prs gh muds LoHkko esa fonzkgs h] mxz] [krjukd rsoj ns[kus dks feyrs gSA cPpksa ds ledkyhu thou ds cgqjx a h n`“;ksa dks mtkxj djus okyh vPNh cky dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh xbZ gSAa os dgkfu;k¡ cPpksa ds cgqr yqHkkrh gS]a D;ksfa d muesa mldk thou] mldk lalkj vkSj mldh vfLerk dh ryk”k dk iz;kl fufgr gSA t;izdk”k Hkkjrh dh ^xqCckjs*] “kdqra yk oekZ dh ^gkj dh thr*] Ñ’.k ukxj dh ^va”kw&ea”kw* vkfn gl izdkj dh dgkfu;ksa esa ize[q k gSAa Mk- “;ke “kf”k] Mk- m’kk ;kno] paniz ky flag ^e;ad*] Mk- jkes”oj nÙk “kekZ] Ñ’.k ukxj] Hkxorh izlkn f}osnh] izHkkr xqIr vkfn ds uke mu dgkfu;ksa ds ys[kdksa esa gS] ftuls cPpksa dks euksjt a u vkSj fn”kk funs”Z ku izkIr gksrk gSA cPpksa ds fy, fofHkUu fo’k;ksa ij dgkfu;k¡ fy[kh tk jgh gS]a ftuls cPpksa ds fofHkUu Lrj ds Kku esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj muesa fofHkUu izof` Ùk;ksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA

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vuqokn foe'kZ fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r rsyx q q miU;kl ^osf;iMxyq* dk vuqokn % lkaL—frd lanHkZ & ih- ikouh

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kuiYdal @ 9 9 1

fo fo''oukFk lR;ukjk;.k —r rsyqxq miU;kl ôsf;iMxyq* dk vuqokn % lkaL—frd lanHkZ & ih- ikouh fo'oukFk lR;ukjk;.k ¼1895&1976½ rsyx q q ds izfl) ys[kd] miU;kldkj] dfo] vkykspd rFkk ukVddkj gSAa ôsf;iMxyq* ¼1939½ muds izfl) miU;kl gSA ih-ohujflagkjko us bldk fganh esa ^lglzQ.k* ¼1970½ uke ls vuqokn fd;k gSA bl miU;kl esa ,d vksj tgk¡ Hkkjrh; laL—fr gS ogha nwljh vksj rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt vafdr gSA lkFk gh bl miU;kl esa jktuhfr Hkh gS] bfrgkl Hkh gS] 'kkL= Hkh gS vkSj yksd ekU;rk,¡ Hkh gSAa dqN vkykspdksa us bls miU;kl dgus ij vkifÙk trkbZ D;ksfa d ;g miU;kl ls vfrfjDr cgqr dqN gSA /;ku ls ns[ksa rks ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ^^bldk eq[; fo"k; Hkkjrh; thou rFkk thou n”kZu esa orZeku laf/kdky dk foospu&fo”ys"k.k gSA** ¼ih-ohujflagkjko] izkLrkfod] lglzQ.k] i`- 7½A bl fo”kkydk; miU;kl ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us ,d ,sls ;qx dk fp=.k fd;k gS tgk¡ izkphu ewY;ksa dk gzkl gks jgk gS vkSj mlds LFkku ij u, ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk Bhd rjg ls ugha gks ikrhA ifj.kkeLo:i la?k"kZ vkSj vfuf”prrk ?ksj ysrs gSAa bl miU;kl esa vk/kqfud lH;rk dk rM+d&HkM+d] <dkslyk vkfn dk Hkh ekfeZd fp=.k gSA ^^miU;kl dk fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd Hkkjro"kZ esa lekt jpuk dh uhao gekjs fparu&vkn”kksZa ds vk/kkj ij gh gksuh mfpr gSA fdlh vkSj vk/kkj ij og uhao [kks[kyh gh jgsxhA** ¼ih-ohujflagkjko] izkLrkfod] lglzQ.k] i`- 7½A dF;] pfj=&fp=.k vkSj Hkk"kk 'kSyh vkfn dh n`f"V ls rsyx q q lkfgR; txr esa blus viuk ,d vuwBk LFkku cuk;k gSA ,slh —fr dk vuqokn pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ôsf;iMxyq* ds fganh vuqokn ^lglzQ.k* esa iz;Dq r lkaL—frd vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk foospu&fo”ys”k.k ;gk¡ fd;k tk jgk gSA lkaL—frd 'kCnksa rFkk vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks eq[; :i ls rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkftr dj ldrs gSa & v- /keZ ls lacfa /kr vk- fofo/k laLdkjksa ls lacfa /kr b- yksd fo”oklks]a ekU;rkvksa ls lacfa /kr v- /keZ ls lacaf/kr 1- lzkrs Hkk’kk % foekueq ¼i`- 945½ y{; Hkk’kk % foeku ¼i`-la- 449½ leh{kk % nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eafnjksa dk fuekZ.k 'kSyh mÙkj Hkkjr ds eafnjksa ls vyx gSA nf{k.k esa eafnj ds xHkkZy; ds Åij cuk gqvk Bksl fuekZ.k tks fd mÙkjksÙkj lwP;k—fr /kkj.k djrk gS mldks foeku dgrs gSAa mÙkj ds eafnjksa esa lk/kkj.kr% ,sls fuekZ.k fn[kkbZ

200@ ladYiuk 200@la

ugha nsrAs blfy, bl ^foekueq* 'kCn dks fyI;arfjr djds ^foeku* :i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2- lzk-s Hkk % cfyihBeq ¼i`- 179½ y- Hkk % cfy&ihB ¼i`- 122½ leh{kk % nsoeafnjksa esa Hkxoku dh ewfrZ ds lkeus cfyvUu vkfn j[kus ds ih<+k dks cfy&ihB dgrs gSAa ;g ih<+k /otLraHk ds ikl jgrk gSA vUu] v/;Z] v{kr ds lkFk cfy osnh ij jkst Hkxoku dks uSo| s p<+k;k tkrk gSA eafnj ij vk/kkfjr i”kq&if{k;ks]a dhMs&edksMksa ds fy, ;g uSo| s t:j p<+krs gSAa mÙkj Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa bl rjg dh ladYiuk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrhA blfy, fyI;arfjr djds ikn fVIi.kh ds ek/;e ls Li’V fd;k x;k gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % 'kBxksieq ¼i`- 355½ y- Hkk % 'kVdksi ¼i`- 184½ leh{kk % Lokeh ds pj.k tks HkDrksa ds flj ij fVdk, tkrs gSAa lksuk] pk¡nh ;k rkez ls eafnj ds xksijq tSlk vk—fr esa jgrk gS ftl ij Hkxoku ds pj.k fpg~u vafdr jgrk gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % laikz {s k.keq ¼i`- 13½ y- Hkk % laikz {s k.k ¼i`- 24½ leh{kk % eafnj esa dksbZ vNwr ?kVuk ?kVh gks] dqÙks dk izo”s k gqvk gks] fdlh dh e`R;q gqbZ gks ;k eafnj dk fuekZ.k djds 100 lky ;k 60 lky gqvk gks rc eafnj dks lai{zs k.k djrs gSAa ;g eafnj ds fy, fof”k"V /kkfeZd lanHkZ gSA bl volj vfHk"ksd] ;K vkfn dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA 5- lzk-s Hkk % dY;k.kksRloeqyq ¼i`- 7½ y- Hkk % dY;k.kksRlo ¼i`- 20½ leh{kk % nf{k.k ds eafnjksa esa Hkxoku ds fookg dks gj lky mRlo ds :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA ;g mRlo eafnjksa esa 5]7]9]11 fnu eukrs gSAa mÙkj Hkkjr ds eafnjksa esa ;g izFkk cgqr de fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA fyI;arj.k djds ikn fVIi.kh ds lgkjs vFkZ Li"V fd;k x;k gSA 6- lzk-s Hkk % /oktkjksg.keq ¼i`- 765½ y- Hkk % /oktkjksg.k ¼i`- 338½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa ds igys fnu ^/otkjksgj.k* fd;k tkrk gSA lQsn diM+s ij egkoj ¼gYnh vkSj pwus dk feJ.k½ ls fp= [khapdj osn ea=ksPpkj.k ds lkFk /otLraHk ij mldks Qgjk;k tkrk gSA ^/otkjksg.k* ls dY;k.kksRloksa esa lHkh nsoh nsorkvksa dks fuea=.k fn;k tkrk gSA

201@ ladYiuk 201@la

7- lzk-s Hkk % rsIik;qRloeq ¼i`- 162½ y- Hkk % ukSdk mRlo ¼i`- 109½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa ds var esa Hkxoku dh ewfrZ;ksa dks uko ¼ukSdk½ esa cSBkdj eafnj ds ikl ryS;k esa ?kqekrs gSAa bls ûkSdk mRlo* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ewy esa iz;Dq r ^rsIik* “kCn dk vFkZ gS ûko* vr% “kkfCnd vuqokn dk lgkjk ysdj ukSdk mRlo dk lVhd iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA 8- lzk-s Hkk % nsonklh ¼i`- 46½ y- Hkk % nsonklh ¼i`- 48½ leh{kk % eafnj es]a fo”ks”k :i ls nf{k.k Hkkjr ds eafnjksa esa e/;;qxhu izFkk ds vuqlkj ,d urZdh dh fu;qfDr gksrh FkhA og urZdh Hkxoku ds lEeq[k u`R; djrh Fkh vkSj vius thou rFkk ;kSou dks Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k djrh FkhA og fdlh ls fookg ugha djrhA Hkxoku gh mlds ifr le>s tkrsA bl nsonklh izFkk dk nf{k.k esa jkspd bfrgkl gSA bl mnkÙk rFkk ifo=iw.kZ izFkk esa /khjs&/khjs dkeqdrk vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dk lekos”k gksrk x;k vkSj var esa ;g izFkk lekIr gks xbZA 9- lzk-s Hkk % /otLraHkeq ¼i`- 945½ y- Hkk % /otLraHk ¼i`- 449½ leh{kk % nf{k.k Hkkjr esa eafnj ds lkeus yach ydM+h dks [kM+k fd;k tkrk gS tks eafnj ds f”k[kj ds leku Å¡pkbZ esa jgrk gSA bls ûkjkosfi* uked [kkl ydM+h ls cukrs gSAa ml ydM+h dks yksgs ls rikrs gSAa /otLraHk dks eafnj dk jh<+ ekuk tkrk gSA /otLraHk ds fcuk dksbZ eafnj ugha gksrAs dkfrZd ekg esa 'kke dks fn;k tykdj /otLraHk ds Åij yVdkrs gSAa bls ^vkdk”k nhieq* ¼vkdk”knhi½ dgrs gSAa bldk n”kZu djuk iq.; ekuk tkrk gSA dY;k.kksRloksa ds le; /otkjksg.k /otLraHk ij gh djrs gSAa 10- lzk-s Hkk % iqfydkiq isVV~ Vq dq vpZdM q q foxzgeqyuq fujyadkjeqyx q k mapus q ¼i`- 37½ y- Hkk % iqtkjh us Lokeh dks Luku djkus ds fy, vkHkw"k.k mrkj fn, FksA ¼i`- 42½ leh{kk % eafnjksa esa ewfrZ;ksa dks R;ksgkjksa ;k fof”k"V voljksa ij fujyadkj djds ugk;k tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa îqfydkiq isVV~ Vq *A vuqokn esa Hkkokuqokn dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA 11- lzk-s Hkk % xa/k rkacy w eqy]q ikudiq fcany s q bfPp v¸;k! eh Lokfeokfjfd ek lR;Hkkek nsfo xkfjfu bfPp fookgeq pslns eqA ehjaxhdjh;oy;quq vfufjA ¼i`- 768½ y- Hkk % dgus yxs] panu] rkacy w vkSj 'kcZr ds xkxj viZ.k djds ge fookg jpk,¡xAs vki bls Lohdkj djsAa ¼i`- 340½ leh{kk % dY;k.kksRloksa esa ,d fnu xk¡o ds eqf[k;k ;k tehankj ifjokj ds lkFk xk¡o ds ckgj tkrs gSa vkSj ogk¡ ls gkfFk;ksa vkSj ?kksMk+ as ij lokj gksdj Lokeh ds eafnj ds ikl

202@ ladYiuk 202@la

vkrs gSAa iqtkjh vkSj ea=h x.k mudk lknj lRdkj djrs gSAa panu] rkacy w lefiZr djrs gSAa 'kcZr ds :i esa b{kq jl ¼xqM]+ dkyh fepZ] byk;ph vkSj ikuh dk feJ.k½ nsrs gSAa bls rsyx q q esa ^ikoude* dgk tkrk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa ^jke uoeh* ds fnu ;g jl izlkn ds :i esa ck¡Vrs gSAa vkt Hkh rsyx q q Hkk"kkh lekt esa 'kknh ds le; ;g jLe fuHkkrs gSAa vuqokn esa ^”kcZr* dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS tks ewy vFkZ Li’V djus esa vifj;kIr gSA vk- fofo/k laLdkjksa ls lacaf/kr 1- lzk-s Hkk % dk;Zeq ¼i`- 81½ y- Hkk % xHkkZnku ¼i`- 73½ leh{kk % fganw /keZ ds lHkh lektksa esa tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd gj O;fDr dks 16 laLdkjksa dks fuHkkuk iM+rk gSA muesa izFke laLdkj gS ifr&iRuh dk izFke lekxeA rsyx q q Hkk"kk esa blds fy, ^dk;Ze*q 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt esa dk;Zeq 'kCn ds fy, lkekU; vFkZ gS dk;ZA vuqoknd us ewy esa fufgr vFkZ dks y{; Hkk’kk esa izkIr lVhd “kCn }kjk vfHkO;Dr fd;k gSA 2- lzk-s Hkk % ikuqiq ehnk Hkk;kZHkrZyuq dwpM qaZ csfV~V eqÙkbnqoyq ikVyq ikfMfj-A reyikdqyq pqfV~V /kekZjkoq psrk dksfjfdafp] v#a/kfrfu dks#defufjA vkes dks#dysn-q A ¼i`- 90½ y- Hkk % /kekZjko vkSj v#a/krh dks lst ij fcBk;k x;kA lqgkfxuksa us xhr xk,-- iku ds chM+s cukdj igys /kekZjko ds eq¡g esa fn, vkSj vk/kk chM+k dVokdj v#aèkrh dks fn;k x;kA -- v#a/krh us og vk/kk chM+k ugha [kk;k --A ¼i`- 79½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk lekt esa 'kknh ds le; ;k 'kknh ds i’pkr oj o/kq ds chp dbZ izdkj ds jkspd [ksy jpkrs gSAa nksuksa ds chp I;kj dk Hkko txkus ds fy, ,d nwljs dk twBu f[kykrs gSAa ewy vkSj vuqokn esa blh dk ladrs fd;k x;k gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % e/kqidZey q q ¼i`- 82½ y- Hkk % e/kq idZ ¼i`- 74½ leh{kk % 'kknh ds jLe fjoktksa esa rsyx q q vkSj fganh Hkk"kkh lekt esa dbZ fHkUurk,¡ gSAa rsyx q q lekt esa oj] o/kq dks gYnh ikuh esa fHkxksdj lq[kk, lQsn oL=ksa dks igukrs gSAa buds fy, fof'k"V 'kCn gS&^e/kqidZey q *q A y-Hkk- esa fyI;arj.k djds ikn fVIi.kh }kjk Li’V fd;k x;k gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % ukxoYyh ¼i`- 946½ y- Hkk % ukx oYyh ¼i`- 449½ leh{kk % fookg ds le; fuHkkusokyk ,d jLe gSA czkã.k ds fookgksa esa ;g jLe fo”ks’kr% fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bl jLe ds le; tehu ij jax&fcjaxs pw.kksZa ls ,siu iwjrs gS ftls jaxksyh dgk tkrk gSA ml jaxksyh ds chp esa oj o/kw dks fcBkdj uhyyksfgrk ¼dkys eksfr;ks½a dh iwtk djkrs gSAa ckn esa mu dkys eksfr;ksa dks /kkxs esa xw¡Fkdj oj o/kw dks igukrk gSA 203@ ladYiuk 203@la

5- lzk-s Hkk % xa/k rkacy w eqyq ¼i`- 35½ y- Hkk % iku&lqikjh ¼i`- 40½ leh{kk % fookg ds le; vk, gq, vfrfFk;ksa ds gkFkksa ij panu ysidj csy ds iÙks] lqikjh] Qy vkfn feykdj nsus dk fjokt rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h lekt dk ,d vax gSA vkSjrksa dks gYnh] dqd a eq vkSj Qwy] Qy fn;k tkrk gSA 6- lzk-s Hkk % czkã.k laHkkouk veks/keqxk tfjxsuAq v/;;ue iwfrZxk psflukokfjfd uojlqfyPpsuq ¼i`- 82½ y- Hkk % czkã.kksa dks [kwc nf{k.kk feyhA ftu czkã.kksa us osn v/;;u fd;k Fkk] mUgsa izfr O;fDr dks ,d v'kjQh nh xbZA ¼i`- 74½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h lekt esa [kkldj czkã.k tkfr esa fookg ik¡p fnuksa dk gksrk gSA pkSFks fnu lHkk dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA osnk/;;u djus okys iafMrksa dks vkeaf=r djds mudk vknj lRdkj fd;k tkrk gSA osn iBu ds ckn oj o/kq dks vk”khokZn nsrs gSAa bl dk;ZØe dks ^lnL;eq* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA laxhr lHkk dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA 7- lzk-s Hkk % vfgrkXuqyq ¼i`- ½ y- Hkk % vfgrkfXu ¼i`- 27½ leh{kk % osnk/;;u djus okyss czkã.k dbZ izdkj ds laLdkjksa dk ikyu djrs gSAa tks vius ?kj esa gksekfXu cq>us ugha nsrs vkSj fnu esa rhu ckj gou djrs gSa mu yksxksa dks ^vfgrkXuqy*q ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA y{; Hkk’kk ikB esa fyI;karj.k dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA 8- lzk-s Hkk % oS”onsoeq ¼i`- 17½ y- Hkk % oS”onso ¼i`- 27½ leh{kk % fo”o nsorkvksa dks izlUu djus ds fy, izfrfnu gkse djrs gSAa [kkuk idkdj mls 24 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djds nsorkvksa dks] i'kq&if{k;ksa dks lefiZr djrs gSAa 9- lzk-s Hkk % lkse;kth ¼i`- 17½ y- Hkk % lkse;kth ¼i`- 27½ leh{kk % ;K djus okys czkã.k dks lkse;k th dgrs gSAa mldh iRuh dks lksfensoEek dgrs gSAa 10- lzk-s Hkk % la/;koanukfndeqyq ¼i`- 166½ y- Hkk % la/;koanu ¼i`- 111½ leh{kk % xk;=h ea= ti djds lw;Z nso dks v?;Z iznku djus dh fof/k dks la/;koanu dgrs gSAa

204@ ladYiuk 204@la

11- lzk-s Hkk % vij dekZ ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % vij deZ ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % ej.kksijkar fØ;kvksa tSls nkg laLdkj] ckjg fnu rd gksus okys iwtk ikB] nku] czkã.k Hkkst vkfn dks ^vij deZ* uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA vuqokn esa ikn fVIi.kh ds ek/ ;e ls Li’V fd;k x;k gSA 12- lzk-s Hkk % "kksM’k nkueqyq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % "kksM’k nku ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % e`R;q ds mijkar ckjgosa fnu e`r O;fDr ds uke ij 16 izdkj ds oLrqvksa dks czkã.kksa dks nku esa nsrs gSAa muesa dqN bl izdkj gS& a lksuk] pk¡nh] nky] pkoy] rjdkjh] iyax] rfd;k] pIiy] Nrjh] xk;] xzFa k ¼Hkkxor iqjk.k ;k Hkxon~xhrk½ fry] tehu] ?kh vkfnA bls ‘kksM’k nku ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA 13- lzk-s Hkk % xksnkueq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % xksnku ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % fganw lekt esa e`R;q ds mijkar xksnku fn;k tkrk gSA ekuk tkrk gS fd e`r dh vkRek ijyksd tkrs le; chp esa ygw ¼[kwu½ dh unh oSrfj.kh ikj djuk iM+rk gSA ;fn xksnku fd;k tk, rks xk; ml unh dks ikj djkrh gSA 14- lzk-s Hkk % o`"kksRltZueq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % o`"kksRltZuk ¼i`- 30½ leh{kk % e`R;q ds mijkar laiUu gksus okys laLdkjksa esa o`"kksRltZuk ,d gSA blesa o`"kHk vkSj xk; dh 'kknh djds ml o`"kHk dks xk¡o esa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA lHkh ml o`"kHk dks Hkxoku dk Lo:i ekudj iwtrs gSAa og o`"kHk xk¡o esa tgk¡ pkgs ogk¡ fopj.k djrk gS vkSj ?kkl pjrk gSA 15- lzk-s Hkk % ekfldeq ¼i`- 24½ y- Hkk % ekfld Jk) ¼i`- 32½ leh{kk % fdlh O;fDr dh e`R;q ds ,d lky rd gj eghuk ekfld Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ftl frfFk ds fnu e`R;q gksrh gS ,d lky rd gj eghuk ml frfFk ds fnu ekfld Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA 16- lzk-s Hkk % =Sif{kdeq ¼i`- 23½ y- Hkk % =Sikf{kd Jk) ¼i`- 31½ leh{kk % fdlh O;fDr ds e`R;q ds 45 osa fnu =Sikf{kd Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA 17- lzk-s Hkk % fir` 'ks"keq ¼i`- 166½ y- Hkk % fir` 'ks"k ¼i`- 111½

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leh{kk % Jk) ds fnu ?kj esa cuk, [kkus dks ^fir` 'ks"k* dgk tkrk gSA 18- lzk-s Hkk % fir` ;Keq osyk Hkk;kZ vfXu rsPpqVk laHkfofpuand q q /kekZjkoq larksf’kpsuq ¼i`- 166½ y- Hkk % fir` Jk) ds fnu mldh iRuh dks vfXu ys vkus dk volj feyk FkkA ¼i`- 111½ leh{kk % ftl frfFk esa O;fDr dh e`R;q gksrh gS] gj lky ml frfFk dks Jk) laiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ml fnu gou ds fy, ml ?kj dh cgw dks vfXu ykuh gksrh gSA 19- lzk-s Hkk % deZdq rsfPpu oLrqoy q q fexqyjknq ¼i`- 21½ y- Hkk % vij deZ ds fy, vk;k gqvk lkeku cpuk ugha pkfg, ¼i`- 31½ leh{kk % Jk) deZ dks v'kqHk ekuk tkrk gSA bl volj ij yk, x, lkeku iwjk [kpZ dj ysuk gSA cp x;k rks ckgj Qsd a rs ;k ukSdjksa dks ns nsrs gSAa ;g fjokt vkt Hkh dbZ lektksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 20- lzk-s Hkk % lw;uZ kjk;.kuq] jkts'o#Mquq ifV~V xfM~M osfl] pki osfl i#aMcsfV~Vfj] ukapkjEek f'kjLlq on~n nhieq isVV~ us Aq lw;uZ kjk;.k psfoyks ukjk;.kk] ukjk;.kk] vuqpM aq us q ¼i`- 907½ y- Hkk % /kekZjko ds nksuksa thtkvksa us ?kkl dh lst yxkdj ml ij pVkbZ fcNkbZA fQj ml ij v#a/krh dks fyVk;k x;kA mlds flj ds ikl nhid j[kk x;kA dksbZ mlds dku esa ukjk;.k ukjk;.k dk ti djus yxkA ¼i`- 442½ leh{kk % ej.kklUu O;fDr dks iyax ij ls mrkjdj uhps theu ij ?kkl dh lst ij fyVk;k tkrk gSA iyax ij ejuk vPNk ugha ekursA vafre {k.kksa esa Hkxoku ukjk;.k ds uke dku esa mPpkj.k djrs gSa rkfd e`r vkRek dks LoxZ izkIr gksA ;g fjokt lHkh Hkk"kkbZ lektksa esa fdlh u fdlh :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 21- lzk-s Hkk % v#a/krh xfnyksfd iksf; jsM a q rkacy w eqyq rsfPp nsonkfl psfryks mapus q ¼i`- 160½ y- Hkk % v#a/krh dejs ls nks iku ykdj nsonklh ds gkFk esa j[k fn;k ¼i`- 107½ leh{kk % dksbZ yM+dh ;k lqgkfxu ?kj vk;s rks [kkyh gkFk ugha HkstrsA Qy] Qwy] feBkbZ] diM+s dqN u dqN HksVa djus dh fjokt vkt Hkh gSA csy ds iÙks] lqikjh] Qy] Qwy vkfn dks feykdj ^rkacy w * dgk tkrk gSA y{; Hkk’kk esa flQZ ^iku* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS ftlls rkacy w 'kCn esa fufgr vFkZ iwjh rjg Li"V ugha gksrkA 22- lzk-s Hkk % jaxktEek xk# ifn :ik;yq isfV~V phjk vksdfV dksfu ilqiq dad q eq yq] ifVdk csYyeq] dksCcfj fpIiyq rsfPp v#af/kfrfd dkuqxk bPpsuAq y- Hkk % jaxktEek us nl #i, dh lkM+h e¡xok;h vkSj gYnh] dqd a eq ] feJh rFkk ukfj;y ds lkFk v#a/krh dks HksVa dhA ¼i`- 89½ leh{kk % ?kj esa cgw izFkeckj vkrh gS rks mldks ns[kus ds fy, fj”rsnkj [kkyh gkFk

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ugha tkrsA gYnh] dqd a eq ] Qy] Qwy vkfn 'kqHk lwpd ds :i esa HksVa djrs gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh bldk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA 23- lzk-s Hkk % jkes”ojequdq foLrfjyks fruqVk vyokVq ysdk Hkkstuexqojdq foLrfjvar;q ikMf;iks;us q ¼i`- 333½ y- Hkk % jkes”oje~ dks iÙky ij [kkus dh vknr ugha FkhA blh ls Hkkstu lekIr gksus rd iÙky vLrO;Lr gks xbZA ¼i`- 174½ leh{kk % nf{k.k esa ?kj ij dksbZ esgeku vk, rks iÙky ij gh [kkuk ijkslrs gSAa ;g xkSjoizn ekuk tkrk gSA dsys ds iÙky dks gh T;knkrj mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkt Hkh nf{k.k Hkkjr esa 'kknh ds le; ;k fdlh vU; voljksa ij dsys ds iÙkyksa esa ijkslus dk fjokt gSA bl miU;kl esa jkes”oje~ dHkh iÙky esa [kkuk ugha [kkrkA [kkuk iwjk gksus rd iÙky QV tkrk gSA dqN yksxksa dks jkst iÙky esa gh [kkus dh vknr gksrh gSA 24- lzk-s Hkk % v#a/krh foLrfj osflufn -- nwjeq uafq M vkes foLrfj ehnk uhYyq pfYy vfHk?kfjpsuq ¼i`- 156½ y- Hkk % v#a/krh us iÙky yxk;h vkSj nwj ls iÙky ij ikuh fNM+dus yxhA leh{kk % [kkuk [kkus dh vknr Hkh vyx vyx jgrk gSA dqN yksx fo”ks’k :i ls czkã.k jkst iÙky esa gh [kkrs gSAa iÙky ijksldj ikuh fNM+ddj lkQ djrs gSAa ckn esa nks rhu cw¡n ?kh fNM+drs gSAa bl izfØ;k dks rsyx q q esa ^vfHk?kfjpM+*a dgrs gSAa ;g lkaL—frd “kCnkoyh gSA [kkuk ijkslus ds ckn fQj ls ?kh Mkyus ds ckn gh [kkuk [kkrs gSAa y{; Hkk’kk esa bl 'kCn dks vuqokn ugha fd;k x;kA 25- lzk-s Hkk % }knf”kikj.kk ¼i`- 765½ y- Hkk % }kn”kh dk ikj.k ¼i`- 343½ leh{kk % ,dkn”kh ds fnu miokl djds }kn”kh ds fnu [kkuk [kkus dks ^}kn”khikj.kk* dgrs gSAa }kn”kh ds fnu }kn”kh frfFk ds jgrs le; esa gh [kkuk [kk ysrs gS]a ugha rks miokl ozr csdkj gks tkrk gSA 26- lzk-s Hkk % ,dkn”kqyq miokleqM a uq q — e#ukMq izkns n~ Uq uk czkã.kqfu fifyfpu Lo;aikdfefPp vk;uk Hkkstueq pslus fu rsyl q d q ksfu Hkqftapuq q ¼i`- 218½ y- Hkk % ,dkn”kh dks miokl djrh vkSj nwljs fnu vFkkZr }kn”kh dks losjs czkã.kksa dks lnkozr dh lkexzh nsdj mudk Hkkstu gksus ds mijkar Lo;a djrhA ¼i`124½ leh{kk % ,dkn”kh ds fnu miokl ozr djds }kn”kh ds fnu czkã.k dks lnkozr dh lkexzh nsrs dh jhfr gSA lnkozr dh lkexzh esa nky] pkoy] beyh] xqM] lkx] ?kh] rsy] ngh vkfn nsrs gSAa iqjkus tekus esa czkã.k vU; fdlh ds ;gk¡ [kkuk Lohdkj ugha djrs FksA blfy, lnkozr dh lkexzh ysdj Lo;a [kkuk idkdj [kkrs gSAa

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27- lzk-s Hkk % rYyh fpariaMq iPpfMrks vUueq isVV~ us q -- /kekZjkoqdq usf;ysdk lfgapysnAq ¼i`- 80½ y- Hkk % ek¡ us beyh dh pVuh ls [kkuk f[kyk;kA ij ?kh ds fcuk /keZjko ls [kk;k u x;kA ¼i`- 73½ leh{kk % beyh] [kM+h yky fefpZ] xqM] ued dks feykdj pVuh cuk;k tkrk gSA xje pkoy] ?kh ds lkFk beyh dh pVuh [kkrs gSAa ;g ikpu “kfDr dks c<+kus esa dke vkrk gSA nf{k.k esa ?kh ds fcuk cgqr yksx [kkuk ilan ugha djrsA [kku&iku dh rjg os”k&Hkw"kk Hkh gj Hkk"kk lekt dh thou 'kSyh dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gSA 28- lzk-s Hkk % fr#pw.kZeq ¼i`- 31½ y- Hkk % fr#pw.kZ ¼i`- 61½ leh{kk % gYnh vkSj pkoy feykdj filk gqvk pw.kZ ftlls oS”.ko yksx fryd yxkrs gSAa 29- lzk-s Hkk % Å/oZi.q Mªey q q ¼i`- 33½ y- Hkk % Å/oZi.q Mª ¼i`- 39½ leh{kk % og [kM+k Vhdk tks oS".ko yksx yxkrs gSAa 30- lzk-s Hkk % esMyks ukuq] dklqyis#--eksxequk ,jZuh dqd a eq k cksVV~ M aq us q ¼i`- 109½ y- Hkk % xys esa lksus dk gkj Fkk vkSj eLrd ij yky&yky dqd a eq dk fryd ¼i`95½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h lekt esa yM+fd;k¡ xys esa gkj]eLrd ij fryd ds fcuk cM+kas ds lkeus ugha vkrhaA mi;qDZ r m)j.k esa lqgkfxu dh os”k&Hkw’kk dk fp=.k gSA ^ukuq* oLrqr% eaxylw= gSA b- yksd fo”oklksa] ekU;rkvksa ls lacaf/kr gj Hkk"kk;h lekt esa yksd fo”okl rFkk ekU;rk,¡ fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa esa izpfyr gSAa rhrj dwduk] xk; Nhaduk] ckgj tkrs le; fcYyh lkeus vkuk vkfn dks v”kqHk ekurs gSAa 1- lzk-s Hkk % jksM a q tkeqyIiqMq vkdk”kequk ,pfV uafq M ofPpunks] rhrqoq fiV~Vk dwlus q ¼i`- 43½ y- Hkk % mlh le; ,d rhrj u tkus dgk¡ ls mM+rk gqvk vk;k vkSj dwd mBkA ¼i`- 48] 447] 181½ leh{kk % cqtx q Z yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd v”kqHk ?kVuk ?kVus okyh gks rks rhrj dh dwd lqukbZ nsrh gSA vr% rhrj dk dwduk vi”kdqu ds :i esa ekurs gSAa ekuk tkrk gS fd fdlh u fdlh dh e`R;q gks tk,xhA 2- lzk-s Hkk % okfdfV eqna q es;p q Uq u vkoq dflfDduk rqEesuAq -- bfn ;sfe vi'kdqueq! ¼i`359½ 208@ ladYiuk 208@la

y- Hkk % brus esa ckgj pjusokyh xk; dh Nhad lqu iM+h -- ;g dSlk vi'kdqu gS\ ¼i`- 188½ leh{kk % fganw lekt esa xk; dks Jhegky{eh ekudj iwtk tkrk gSA yxHkx lc vius ?kjksa esa xk; dk ikyu&iks"k.k djrs gSAa xksnku dks Js’B ekurs gSAa exj xk; dh Nhad lqus rks O;kdqy gks tkrs gSa fd dqN u dqN v”kqHk gksus okyk gSA 3- lzk-s Hkk % jkfo psVV~ q ehnk iSfMdafV nairqyq dyfl fdyfdykjkoeqyq pslus Aq /kekZjkoq] ^^ejyk] bZ 'kqHk”kdquesfe\** ¼i`- 359½ y- Hkk % ikl ds ihiy ds o`{k ij 'kdqu if{k;ksa ds ;qxy us dyjo epuk 'kq: dj fn;kA /kekZjko dgus yxk] fQj ls ;g 'kqHk D;ksa gSA ¼i`- 188½ leh{kk % 'kdqu if{k;ksa ds dyjo lquuk 'kqHk lwpd ekuk tkrk gSA 4- lzk-s Hkk % vrfufd fiYyyq dyqxVq ;q] iksoVq ;qxk mUufnA vrfu Hkk;kZ osipsVy ~ dq iznf{k.keqy]q jkfopsVy ~ dq iznf{k.keqyq pslus Aq ¼i`- 499½ y- Hkk % mlds larku gksrh] ij gksrs gh ej tkrh-- mldh iRuh dbZ uhe o`{kksa vkSj ihiy ds isMk+ as dh ifjØek dj pqdh FkhA ¼i`- 220½ leh{kk % dbZ izn”s kksa esa uhe vkSj ihiy o`{kksa dks feykdj iwtk djrs gSAa bu nksuksa o`{kksa dk ,d lkFk iSnk gksuk cM+k HkkX; ekurs gSAa mu isMk+ as dh ifjØek djrs gaAS nhi tykrs gSAa fuLlarku yksx bu o`{kksa dh Mkfy;ksa ij NksV&NksVs >wys Mkydj cPpksa ds fy, eUursa ek¡xrs gSAa dqN yksx LokLF; ds fy, o`{kksa ds ewy esa nw/k Mkydj ifjØek djrs gSAa uhe vkSj ihiy ds o`{kksa ls lacfa /kr dbZ izdkj ds yksd fo”okl izpfyr gSAa 5- lzk-s Hkk % vkoqudq n`f"V rhflfjA iqfyfoLrjkdqyq fnxrqfMfp rxqy csfV~VfjA ,jZfu uhYyq rhfl iksflfjA ¼i`- 3½ y- Hkk % xk; ij nhB mrkjh xbZA twBs iÙkyksa dks xk; ij ls mrkjdj tyk fn;k x;kA ¼i`- 16½ leh{kk % ikyrw tkuoj tSls xk;] cSy] cdjh ds xys esa n`f"V nks"k gVkus ds fy, jLlh ck¡/krs gSAa ml jLlh dks ckyksa rFkk dkSfM+;ksa ls cukrs gSAa dqN txg utj mrkjus ds fy, egkoj dk ikuh ¼gYnh] pwus dk feJ.k½ mi;ksx djrs gSAa lzk-s Hkk lekt esa xk; ij nhB mrkjus ds fy, bl ikuh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA y-Hkk esa bldk vuqokn ugha fd;k x;kA twBs iÙkyksa ls nhB mrkjdj tyk nsrs gSAa vkt Hkh xk¡oksa esa ;g ekU;rk gS fd n`f"V nks’k ls xk; ;k cSy nw/k de nsrs gSa ;k ugha nsrs rks dgrs gSa fd fdlh dh utj yxh gSA dqN yksx NksVs cPpksa dk utj mrkjus ds fy, xk; ds xkscj dk mi;ksx djrs gSAa dqN yksx vjaMh rsy esa fHkxks, diM+s dks tykdj ml tyrs gq, diM+s ls utj mrkjrs gSAa

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6- lzk-s Hkk % x.kkpkjh ¼i`- 1½ y- Hkk % x.kkpkjh ¼i`- 15½ leh{kk % xzkeh.k izFkk ds vuqlkj lqcez .;s”oj Lokeh dks viuk ifr ekudj vfookfgr jg tkusokyh vkSjr dks ^x.kkpkjh* dgrs gSAa yksx mls nSoh ladrs dk ek/;e ekurs gSAa xk¡o esa ?kVusokyh lHkh 'kqHk gks ;k v”kqHk ?kVukvksa ds lac/a k esa igys ls yksxksa dks psrkouh nsrh jgrh gSA 'kqHk fo"k; gks rks yky lkM+h] gkFk esa uhe dh Vguh ysdj ckgj fudyrh gSA v”kqHk fo"k; gks rks lQsn lkM+h] gkFk esa ihiy dh Vguh ysdj fudyrh gSA 7- lzk-s Hkk % jaxkjkoq xkfjfd iq=ksn;eSuIiqMq uk;Mq isnn~ k mRloeq pslus q ¼i`- 50½ y- Hkk % ftl fnu jaxkjko ds ?kj yM+dk gqvk —".keuk;Mq us ,d HkO; lekjksg dk vk;kstu fd;kA ¼i`- 51½ leh{kk % rsyx q q Hkk"kk;h leqnk; esa csVk iSnk gqvk rks mRlo eukus dk fjokt gSA 8- lzk-s Hkk % laØkafr ¼i`- 268½ y- Hkk % laØkafr ¼i`- 156½ leh{kk % vka/kz izn”s k esa euk;s tkusokys R;ksgkjksa esa ls eq[; R;ksgkj gS laØkafrA bls edj laØkafr Hkh dgrs gSAa lw;Z ckjg jkf”k;ksa esa ,d ,d eghuk xeu djrk gSA oSls edj jkf”k esa izo”s k ds fnu dks ^edj laØe.k* dgrs gSAa rfeyukMq esa bls iksx a y ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;g rhu fnu dk ioZ gSA Hkksfx] laØkafr] duqekA 9- lzk-s Hkk % xksfCcYyq ¼i`- 412½ y- Hkk % xkscj ds NksVs NksVs ykSna s ¼i`- 212½ leh{kk % edj laØkafr ds ,d eghus ds iwoZ ls ?kj dh NksVh dU;k,¡ xk; ds xkscj ls xksy ykSna s cuk dj mUgsa dqEgM+k+ ] rqjbZ Qwyksa ls ltkdj gYnh vkSj pkoy ds pw.kZ dh jaxofYy;ksa ls vya—r vkaxu esa j[krh gS]a ftUgsa rsyx q q esa ^xksfCcYyq* dgrs gSAa xksfCcYyq dk vFkZ gS ^xksih cksEeyq* ;kuh xksfi;k¡A viuh lgsfy;ksa ds lkFk ^xksCcsEek xhr* Hkh xkrs gSAa 10- lzk-s Hkk % Hkksxh ¼i`- 269½ y- Hkk % Hkksxh ¼i`- 156½ leh{kk % vka/kz esa euk;s tkusokys ize[q k R;ksgkj gS laØkafrA laØkafr rhu fnu dk ioZ gSA izFke fnu dks ^Hkksxh* dgrs gSAa ^Hkksxh* dk vFkZ gS Hkksx HkkX;ksa ls le`) jgukA Hkksxh ds fnu cM+s rM+ds mBdj vH;ax Luku djrs gSAa csdkj phtksa dks tyk nsrs gSAa ^xksCcsEeyq* dks lq[kkdj cuk;s miyksa dks jLlh esa xwF¡ kdj ml vfXu esa Mkyrs gSAa 'kke dks NksVs cPpksa dks ^^Hkksfx iaMy ~ *w ¼csj ds Qy] Qwy vkSj #i, ds flDdksa dks feykdj½ Mkyrs gSAa ekurs gSa fd blls cPpksa dk utj mrj tkrk gSA nkeknksa dks migkj nsrs gSAa 11- lzk-s Hkk % lkrkfu ft¸;# ¼i`- 412½

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y- Hkk % ft¸;j ¼i`- 211½ leh{kk % oS".ko HkDr tks flj ij dqEgM+s dh vk—fr dk rkezik= j[kdj gkFk esa rkuiqjk fy, cM+s rM+ds Hkxoku dk Hktu xkrs gq, xk¡o esa fHk{kkVu djrk gS mls ft¸;j dgrs gSAa edj laØkafr ds igys ds rhl fnuksa dks /kuqekZl dgrs gSAa flQZ /kuqekZl esa gh ft¸;j fHk{kkVu djrk gSA 12- lzk-s Hkk % uwyiq ksxq oafV pan# q udq uwyiq ksxq os;nq efu pwpus q ¼i`- 20½ y- Hkk % 'kkL=h th us lwr dh HksVa p<+kuh pkghA ¼i`- 29½ leh{kk % nwt ds pk¡n dk n”kZu djrs le; vius vax oL= ls lwr fudkydj p<+kus dh izFkk gSA mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjr esa yksxksa ds jgu&lgu jhfr&fjokt] vkpkj&O;ogkjksa esa varj gSA [kk| inkFkksZa es]a Hkkstu djus rFkk djkus dh i)fr;ksa esa Hkh varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mi;qDZ r foospu ls ;g Li’V gksrk gS fd ewy esa fufgr lkaL—frd “kCnksa ,oa vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks y{; Hkk’kk esa vuqokn djrs le; izk;% fyI;arj.k dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gSA lkFk gh ewy Hkko dks ;FkklaHko lqjf{kr j[kk x;k gSA ikn fVIif.k;ksa ds ek/;e ls vFkZ dks Li’V fd;k x;k gSA

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fofo/kk miU;kldkj ds :i esa M‚- nso's k Bkdqj & isfjds >kalh y{ehckbZ Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq* dk jktuhfrd fparu & ek/kqjh frokjh fganh miU;klksa esa f'k{kk txr dk ;FkkFkZ & izHkk dqekjh Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ & jkecnu flag ;kno vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa ç—fr fp=.k & ueZnk vkdkjiq jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* dh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k & oSthukFk fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ & vat’q kk pkSgku cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa ys[kdh; O;faDrRo & ;w- lquhrk cukjlh nkl prqonZs h % i=ksa ds vkbZus esa & vt; dqekj ekS;Z

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kuiYdal @ 3 1 2

miU;kldkj ds :i esa Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj & isfjds >kalh y{ehckbZ O;fDr dk fodkl lekt dh izxfr ds lanHkZ esa ukik tkrk gS vkSj lekt dh izxfr dk ys[kk&tks[kk lkfgR; esa izfrfcafcr gksrk vk;k gSA orZeku ;qx esa euq"; thou dk lexz foospu djus okyh l{ke ,oa leFkZ fo/kk gS miU;klA blh dkj.k miU;kl dks x| dk egkdkO; dgk tkrk gS tks lokZf/kd l'kDr vkSj yksdfiz; fo/kk gSA fganh lkfgR; esa miU;kl fo/kk dks izes pan us lEekutud Å¡pkbZ ij inklhu djok;kA izes panksÙkj ;qxhu miU;klksa ds dF; esa foLrkj vk;k gSA ifjos'k ds izfr tkx`r miU;kldkjksa us e/;oxZ dh egkuxjh; i`"BHkwfe dks vk/kkj cukdj vkS|ksxhdj.k ds c<+rs pj.kksa ls fodflr uxjks]a egkuxjksa ds fodkl rFkk fo—fr;ksa dks mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA buesa HkhM+] e'khu] n¶rj] fgalk] dVqrk] izes ] mPN`[a kyrk] 'kks"k.k] csdkjh] csjkstxkjh] xaqMkxnhZ] Hkz"Vkpkj] fonzkgs vkfn dks ;FkkFkZ <ax ls mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA ,sls gh egkuxjh; thou dh >kadh izLrqr djus okys ize[q k miU;kldkjksa esa nso's k Bkdqj dk uke vknj ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA nso's k Bkdqj vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR; ds yC/k&izfrf"Br v/;kid] lqfo[;kr] izxfr'khy jpukdkj vkSj ew/kZU; leh{kd gSAa mUgksua s lkfgR; dh fofHkUu fo/kkvksa esa viuh ys[kuh pykdj vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR; dks xfjekeafMr fd;k gSA dkO;] dFkk] leh{kk] fuca/k] miU;kl vkfn fo/kkvksa esa lQyrk ds lkFk fy[krs gq, Hkh mUgksua s miU;kldkj ds :i esa [;kfr izkIr dh gSA nso's k Bkdqj Li"Vokfnrk ds dkj.k fo[;kr gSAa muds miU;klksa esa e/;oxZ dh foMacukvksa dk [kqydj fp=.k n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA ;Fkk& HkzeHkax ¼1975½ % HkzeHkax fuEue/;oxhZ; ;qod dh ikfjokfjd&lkekftd =klfn;ksa dk nLrkost gSA vius vfLrRo dks cuk, j[kus vkSj ifjokj dks vius lkFk ys pyus ds ladYi esa vkbZ vM+puks]a vlqfo/kkvksa vkSj voekuukvksa dh ;g la?k"kZ xkFkk vR;aRk lgt vkSj izHkkoh 'kSyh esa izLrqr dh xbZ gSA bl miU;kl dk dFkkuk;d ,d bZekunkj ftEesnkj vkSj vkn'kZoknh ;qod panu gSA mls vius ifjokj ls yxko gSA fookg djrs le; Hkh bl ckr dk /;ku j[krk gS fd mldh iRuh ukSdjhis'kk gksA ifjokj dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr u fcxM+s mlds fy, og viuk ifjokj fu;kstu Hkh djrk gSA fQj Hkh tc mls vius yksxksa ls dsoy mis{kk] vfo'okl vkSj voekuuk gh izkIr gksrh gS] rc mu lac/a kksa vkSj fj'rksa dh lPpkbZ ds lac/a k esa lafnX/k gks tkrk gS] ftuds fy, og vc rd vius vkidks [kikrk jgkA lac/a kksa ds csekuhiu ij lksprs&lksprs og ftl urhts ij igq¡prk gS] og mlh ds 'kCnksa esa fdruk Hk;kog vkSj fdruk rh[kk gS& ^^Ekk¡ vkSj cfgu ds fj'rsA dSlk [kwu\ dSlk I;kj\ ;s rks xSx a hz u gS] ftank jguk gS rks budks 'kjhj ls dkV dj Qsd a 1 nsuk gksxkA** bl fcanq ij igqp ¡ dj og viuh lkjh eè;oxhZ; ekufldrk dks dqpy nsrk gS rFkk e/;oxhZ; laLdkjksa ds ca/ku dks rksM+ nsrk gSA reke e`r lac/a kksa ds vkn'kksaZ ls og

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eqDr gks tkrk gSA thou dh lPpkbZ dh Loh—fr ds fy, mldk fonzkgs h eu bl HkzeHkax dks vko';d Hkh ekurk gSA og dgrk gS& ^^viusiu ds Hkze VwVrs gh gSAa mUgas VwVuk gh gksrk gS fd okLrfodrk cuh jgs] lPpkbZ thoar gksA**2 fiz; 'kcue ¼1978½ % ;g ^i= 'kSyh* esa fy[kk x;k nso's k Bkdqj dk nwljk miU;kl gSA oxZ&Hksn izes dh euksn'kk esa Hkh dSlh xzfa Fk;k¡ Mky nsrk gS] ;gh bl miU;kl dk ewy dF; gSA fuEue/;oxZ dk ;qod ckSf)d n`f"V ls laiUu gks tkus ij Hkh dqBa kvksa ls eqDr ugha gks ikrkA mldk vrhr mls lnk vius ukxik'k esa tdM+s jgrk gSA mlds e/;oxhZ; laLdkj mls dksbZ Økafrdkjh dne ugha mBkus nsrAs ys[kd us bl miU;kl dk uk;d eaxy ds ek/;e ls e/;oxhZ; ;FkkFkZ xkFkk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA miU;kl dk uk;d eaxy fuEu e/;oxhZ; ifjos'k ls Åij mBrs&mBrs cacbZ ds ,d dkWyt s esa izk/;kid fu;qDr gks tkrk gSA og ,d vfHktkR; ;qorh 'kcue ls izes djus yxrk gSA 'kcue Hkh mlls izes djrh gSA vius laLdkjksa dh nwjh dks feVkus es]a nksuksa pfj= fdu ck/kkvksa ds chp esa ikrs gSa vkSj vius iz;klksa esa D;ksa lQy ugha gks ikrs&blh dh O;k[;k gesa n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gSA3 dk¡p?kj ¼1981½ % Mk- nso's k Bkdqj —r ^dk¡p?kj* ,d izk;ksfxd miU;kl gS ftlesa fofHkUu estksa ds lgkjs lekt ds mPpe/;oxZ dh oSpkfjdrk dks Li"V fd;k x;k gSA ys[kd us cacbZ ds fdlh jsLVªk¡ dk ekgkSy fpf=r fd;k gSA bl jsLVªk¡ esa estksa dh nks drkjsa gSAa bu estksa ij cSBs rjg&rjg ds yksxksa ds chp gksus okys laoknksa dks gh miU;kl dk :i ns fn;k x;k gSA ;g fganh dk igyk miU;kl gS] tks “kq: ls var rd laoknksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA dk¡p?kj dh estas egkuxjh; lH;rk dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSa ftlesa lHkh ekuoh; fj'rs vius vFkZ [kks pqds gSAa 4 viuk&viuk vkdk vkdk''k ¼1986½ % Mk- nso's k Bkdqj us ^viuk&viuk vkdk'k* miU;kl ds ek/;e ls O;fDrRo ds fodkl esa larku ds fy, lPps izes ] Lusg vkSj lPph fpark dh vko';drk dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA ekrk&firk dk Lusg ugha fey ikus ds dkj.k ^fiz;k* dk O;fDrRo vareq[Z kh rFkk laons u'khy gks tkrk gSA5 bl miU;kl ds 'kh"kZd viuk&viuk vkdk'k ds ek/;e ls miU;kldkj us n'kkZ;k gS fd gj O;fDRk rFkk oxZ ds vius&vius vkdk'k gksrs gS]a ftls ikus ds fy, yksx vyx&vyx ek/;e dk iz;ksx djrs gSAa tSls izdk'k us viuh eafty rd igq¡pus ds fy, fiz;k dks jkg cukuk pkgk gS] D;ksfa d fiz;k le`)] lanq j rFkk bTtrnkj gSA izdk'k tkurk gS fd fiz;k ds lkFk og vklkuh ls dyk dh Å¡pkbZ;ksa rd igq¡p ldrk gSA blhfy, ¼1978½ % Mk- nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ^blhfy,* laiUu&n`f"V rFkk jpukRed dF; okyk miU;kl gSA ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk Hkkoqdrk O;fDr dks thou dh vusd lq[k&lqfoèkk,¡ miyC/k jgus ds ckotwn [kqf'k;k¡ ugha ns ikrh] D;ksfa d miU;kldkj dh

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n`f"V esa lqfo/kk dk vFkZ lq[k ugha gSA lqfo/kk,¡ vDlj HkkSfrd gksrh gS]a tcfd lq[k dk lac/a k O;fDr dh ekufld fLFkfr ls gSA ,slh fLFkfr ls futkr ikus ds fy, vxj O;fDr viuh n`f"V dks O;kid cuk ysa vkSj vxj vius vkidks lekt ds ,d fo'kky tulewg ls tksM+ ysa rks thou dks jkg fey tkrh gSA fujFkZd thou esa Hkh lkFkZdrk vk tkrh gSA6 tuxkFkk ¼1986½ % ^tuxkFkk* ekDlZoknh fopkj/kkjk ls izHkkfor gSA miU;kl ^tuxkFkk* ds dFkkud esa miU;kldkj us 'kdqu dh dFkk ds ek/;e ls nq%[kokn ds izfr viuh n`f"V dks Li"V fd;k gSA 'kdqu dSl a j dh ejht gS rFkk og e`R;q ls la?k"kZ dj jgh gSA Mk- nso's k Bkdqj ekurs gSa fd O;fDr vius nq%[kksa ls [kqn la?k"kZ djrk gS] mls ck¡Vk ugha tk ldrkA7 xq#dqy ¼1990½ % xq#dqy esa nso's k Bkdqj us vius izk/;kidh; thou ds vuqHkoksa dks lkoZtuhu ifjos'k fn;k gS vkSj vkt ds v/;;u fojks/kh] xqVckth] Hkz"V rFkk tksM& + rksM+ 8 dh VqPph jktuhfr pykus okys v/;kid oxZ dh iksy [kksyh gSA 'kwU; ls ff''k[kj rd % Mk- nso's k Bkdqj dk ;g miU;kl O;fDroknh jpukdkj ds 'kwU; ls f'k[kj rd igq¡pus esa vk, fofHkUu iM+koksa dh dFkk gSA ys[kd us vkpk;Z lnkuan vkSj oS'kkyh ukjk;.k ds ek/;e ls ukjh psruk ,oa Lora=rk ds izlx a dks cM+h dq'kyrk ls 9 O;Dr fd;k gSA varr% ¼1991½ % nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ,d furkar fHkUu Hkwfedk ij L=h&iq#"k lacèa kksa dh laf'y"Vrk dks fo'ysf"kr djrs gq, vR;ar la;e vkSj lko/kkuh ds lkFk L=h vkSj iq#"k ds ijLij lac/a k vkSj mldh vko';drk dks :ikf;r djrk gSA10 bl izdkj ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd Mk- nso's k Bkdqj us fofHkUu miU;klksa esa e/;oxhZ; thou dh >kadh IkzLrqr dh gSA lanHkZ 1- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] HkzeHkax] i`- 187 2- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] HkzeHkax] i`- 203 3- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] fiz; 'kcue] i`- 76 4- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 156 5- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] viuk&viuk vkdk'k] i`- 40 6- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] blhfy,] i`- 133 7- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 160 8- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 161 9- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 161 10- Mk- nsos'k Bkdqj] vYifojke] i`- 158

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Q.kh”ojukFk ^js.kq* dk jktuhfrd fparu & ek/kqjh frokjh Q.kh”ojukFk ^js.kq* dk tUe 14 ekpZ] 1921 dks vkSjkgh fgaxuk uked xk¡o] ftyk iwf.kZ;k fcgkj esa gqvkA js.kq ds miU;klksa esa neu vkSj 'kks"k.k ds fo#) vkthou la?k"kZ eq[kfjr gS pw¡fd js.kq dk tUe xqyke Hkkjr esa gqvk vkSj toku Hkh xqyke Hkkjr esa gq,A tSlk fd ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd ckY;koLFkk dh ?kVuk,¡] ;qokoLFkk dh ?kVuk,¡ fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds O;fDrRo fuekZ.k djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSAa ;g ckr Li"V djuk blfy, t:jh gS D;ksfa d js.kq dk tUe Hkh vHkkoksa esa gqvk rFkk jktuhfr esa lfØ; fgLlsnkjh jgh vkSj mUgksua s 1942 ds Hkkjrh; Lok/khurk&laxkz e esa ,d ize[q k lsukuh dh Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkbZA blds lkFk gh vkidk lu~ 1950 esa usikyh turk dks jk.kk'kkgh ds neu vkSj vR;kpkjksa ls eqfDr fnykus ds fy, ogk¡ dh l'kL= Økafr vkSj jktuhfr esa lfØ; ;ksxnku jgkA blds ckn jktuhfr dh vis{kk lkfgR;&l`tu dh vksj vfèkdkf/kd >qdko jgk gS ftldk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k 1954 esa cgqpfpZr miU;kl êSyk vk¡py* dk izdk'kuA oSls rks Lokra«;iwoZ ls ysdj Lokra«;ksÙkj dky rd dh jktuhfr dk Lo:i gekjs lkeus mUgkaus s vius miU;klksa ds ek/;e ls mtkxj fd;k gSA êSyk vk¡py* fganh dk Js"B vkSj l'kDr vk¡pfyd miU;kl gSA êSyk vk¡py* esa js.kq th us usiky dh lhek ls lVs mÙkj&iwohZ fcgkj ds ,d fiNM+s xzkeh.k vapy dks i`"BHkwfe cukdj blesa ogk¡ ds thou dk] ftlls og Lo;a Hkh ?kfu"B :i ls tqMs+ gq, Fks] vR;ar thoar vkSj eq[kj fp=.k fd;k gSA ,d mnkgj.k ns[ks& a ^^vki rks yhMj gh gks x,A rks vkt dy dkaxl sz vkfQl dk pkSdk&crZu dkSu djrk gS\** gjxkSjh vpkud mcy iM+kA ^^vjs HkkbZ] lHkh dk'kh pys tkvksx\s iÙky pkVus ds fy, Hkh rks dqN yksx jg tkvksA tsy D;k x,] iafMr tekfgjyky gks x,A dkaxl sz vkfQl esa HkksyfV;jh djrs Fks] vc va/kksa esa dkuk cudj ;gk¡ yhMjh Nk¡Vus vk;k gSA Lo;alos d u ?kksMk+ dk nqe!**1 êSyk vk¡py*esa ,d ;qok MkWDVj gS tks viuh f'k{kk iwjh djus ds ckn ,d fiNM+s xk¡o dks vius dk;Z&{ks= ds :i esa pqurk gS] rFkk blh Øe esa xzkeh.k thou ds fiNM+is u] nq%[k&nSU;] vHkko] vKku] va/kfo'okl ds lkFk&lkFk rjg&rjg ds lkekftd 'kks"k.k&pØksa esa Q¡lh gqbZ turk dh ihM+kvksa vkSj la?k"kksZa ls Hkh mldk lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA dFkk dk var bl vk'kke; ladrs ds lkFk gksrk gS fd ;qxksa ls lksbZ gqbZ xzke&psruk rsth ls tkx jgh gSA dFkkf'kYih js.kq th ds miU;klksa esa xzkeh.k vapy dh /ofu;ksa vkSj /kwlj ySM a LdsIl ls laiUu ;g miU;kl fganh dFkk&txr esa fiNys dbZ n”kdksa ls ,d Dykfld jpuk ds :i esa LFkkfir gSA js.kq th us vius bl miU;kl esa vius jktuhfrd fopkjksa dks c[kwch O;Dr fd;k gSA blds lkFk gh jktuhfr dk vkarfjd ;FkkFkZ rFkk ckgjh vkSipkfjdrk dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k gSA

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js.kq th dk nwljk miU;kl gS ^ijrh ifjdFkk*A tSlk fd miU;kl ds uke ls fofnr gksrk gS ;g ,sls xzkeh.k vapy dh dgkuh gS tgk¡ dh Hkwfe ck<+ rFkk vdky nksuksa ls gh izHkkfor gSA lkFk gh lkFk tgk¡ fdlku dkslh unh rFkk dkslh dh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds ck<+ ls ihfM+r gSa rFkk nksgjh ekj tehankjh :ih egkekjh ls fdlku xzflr gSA ysfdu js.kq th us cM+h prqjkbZ ls rkfd ikBd Åcs u bl dkj.k miU;kl ds uk;d dks isez esa fj>kus dh Hkjiwj ps"Vk dh gSA js.kq th ds ^ijrh ifjdFkk* esa fdlkuksa dk fonzkgs ] tehankjh izFkk mUewyu ds ckn tks fo—r tehankjh izFkk dk tUe gqvk mls Hkh ,d xaHkhj leL;k ds :i esa mtkxj fd;k gS ftldh tM+as orZeku le; esa Hkh c<+rh gh tk jgh gSAa ^^---fganLq rku esa laHkor% lcls igys iwf.kZ;k ftys ij gh ySM a losZ vkijs'ku dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA ftys ds tehankjksa vkSj jktkvksa dh tehankfj;ksa dk fouk'k vo'; gqvkA fdar]q fganLq rku ds lcls cM+s fdlku ;gha fuokl djrs gSAa --- xq#calh ckcw tehankj ugha] fdlku gSAa nl gtkj ch?ks tehu gS] nks&nks gokbZ tgkt j[krs gSAa iangz gtkj ch?ks tehu gS] Ms<+ ntZu VªDs Vj j[krs gSAa ij ;g ckr Hkh lPph gS fd os tehankj ughaA**2 ;g mnkgj.k fdruk izR;{k gSA gekjs xk¡oksa esa u rks fdlkuksa ds ikl tehu gS vkSj fdlku gh va/kfo'okl] tkfrokn] 'kks"k.k tSlh dqjhfr;ksa ls Hkh xzflr gSA xk¡o dh jktuhfr] iapk;rh jktuhfr] iw¡thifr;ksa dh jktuhfr ds lkFk cM+s jktuSfrd nyksa dh jktuhfr dh ekj ls 'kksf"kr Hkh xjhc fdlku gksrk gSA js.kq th us tks fodV leL;k dk vkdyu Lokra«;iwoZ dky esa yxk fy;k Fkk og vkt orZeku le; esa Qy&Qwy jgh gSA ^nh?kZrik* ,d ,slk miU;kl gS ftlesa ;g n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd vkt ds ;qx esa tgk¡ Hkz"Vkpkj dk cksyckyk gks] pfj=ghurk ijkdk"Bk ij gks] vius vkSj ijk, dk Hkko&cks/k tM+ tek, cSBk gks] pkjksa vksj ^gk; iSlk] gk; iSlk* dh vQjk&rQjh eph gks] ,sls ekgkSy esa 'kkafriwod Z thou clj dj ikuk fdlh pqukSrh ls de ughaA bl miU;kl dh ukf;dk csyk xqIr tks lgt thou thuk pkgrh gS dbZ gknlksa ds ckotwn og ugha VwVrh cfYd vius drZO; iFk ij vxzlj jgrh gSA ysfdu vkt --\ js.kq th us tgk¡ ukjh dk csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls vkn'kZ :i izLrqr fd;k gS ogha T;ksRLuk vkuan ds ek/;e ls prqj] v/ksM+ mez esa Hkh okluk esa fyIr] ‘kM;a=dkjh] LokFkhZ Nfo Hkh gekjs lEeq[k izdV fd;k gSA ysfdu ,sls dqfVy] pfj=ghu ‘kM;a=dkjh jktuhfr ds pØO;wg esa Qaldj csyk xqIr VwV tkrh gSA bZekunkjh] dk;Z ds izfr fu"Bk mlds fy, vc csbekuh gks pqdh gSA tSls lkjh phtksa ij ls mldk eksgHkax gks x;k gks! vkSj ;gh otg gS fd nwljksa ds vijk/kksa dks Lohdkj dj tsy&thou viuk ysrh gSA js.kq th us csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls lai.w kZ Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa ls iz'u fd;k gS& ^^;gh gS rqEgkjh vktknh] ;gh gS rqEgkjs lektoknh lekt dh :ijs[kk\ --- lPpkbZ uked xq.k euq"; ds ân; ls /khjs&/khjs yksi gks jgk gSA --- LokFkZ flf) ds fy, vkneh fdlh Hkh 'krZ ij viuh vkRek dks csp ldrk gSA --- tgk¡ thou esa dksbZ voyac ugha] vk/kkj ugha] fo'okl ughaA pkjksa vksj O;FkZrk dk jkt --A**3 ^nh?kZrik* miU;kl esa ys[kd us ohesl a osyQs;j dh vkM esa efgykvksa ds ekSu mRihM+u 218@ ladYiuk 218@la

dks mtkxj fd;k gS ogha ljdkjh oLrqvksa dh ywV&[klksV ij ls inkZ gVk;k gSA tgk¡ ,d vksj js.kq th us êfgyk ;kSu mRihM+u* ds fofHkUu vkn'kZoknh] dY;k.kdkjh laLFkkvksa ls inkZ gVk;k gS ogha ihfM+r efgykvksa ds fy, miU;kl ds var esa csyk xqIr ds ek/;e ls isjz .kknk;d lq>ko Hkh fn;k gSA^^dqN ,sls pfj= gksrs gSa tks izk.k izfr"Bk ikrs gh vius fljtugkj ds c¡/ks&c¡/kk, fu;e&dkuwu] uhfr vFkok ^Qkewy Z *s dks rksMd + j ckgj fudy vkrs gSa vkSj vius thou dks vius eu ds eqrkfcd x<+us yxrs gSAa muds vanj ftanxh dks ckj&ckj rksM+ dj x<+us ds fy, vxkèk Lusg dh lathouh /kkjk lnSo cgrh jgrh gS&iq.;k -- ifo=k --- iq.;e;h - ikigjk --- èkkjk!!**4 îYVw ckcw jksM* esa ubZ&ubZ dFkkHkwfe;ksa dh [kkst djus okys js.kq th ,d dLcs dks viuh dFkk dk vk/kkj cukrs gSAa lekt ds dBksj ,di{kh; fu;e] va/kfo'okl] :f<+okn] gzklksUeq[k lekt dks js.kq th ys[kdh; <ax ls ij[krs gSAa js.kq th us bl miU;kl esa vius xk¡o bykds dks NksMd + j cSjxkNh dLcs dks dFkkHkwfe cukrs gSAa bl dLcs dk lcls lEekuuh; ekus tkus okys îYVw ckcw* bl xk¡o dh fu;fr gSA xk¡o ds yksx iYVw ckcw ds Hkhrjh eu dks ugha tkurs tcfd ys[kd us dkb;k¡] dkeqd o`) gksus lkFk Hkh xk¡o dk Hkfo"; buds gkFk esa fn;k gSA mlus dLcs ds fy, ,slh jkg fufeZr dh gS ftl ij jktuhfrK] Bsdns kj] O;kikjh] odhy ¼iwjs dLcs ds yksx½ gh py jgs gSAa ;g lc ns[kdj ,slk izrhr gksrk gS ekuks lkjs dLcsoklh 'krjat ds eksgjs gSa vkSj iYVw ckcw buds lapkydA bl miU;kl dk y{; mPpoxZ ds varfoZjks/kks]a mldh fxjkoV] jktuhfr vkSj vkfFkZd lacèa kksa esa ;kSu&O;kikj vkfn dk inkZQk”k djuk gSA fuEuoxZ fNViqV vk;k gSA vkn”kZoknh ik= foMacuk ls f?kjs gSAa js.kq th vius gj miU;kl ds fy, ,d ubZ dFkkHkwfe dh [kkst djrs gSAa ^fdrus pkSjkgs* y?kq miU;kl gSA vktknh ds fy, la?k"kZ djus vkSj cfynku nsus okys ;qodksa dks dsna z esa j[kdj fy[kk x;k gS] rkfd vkt ds fd'kksjksa esa ns'kisez ] lsok] R;kx vkfn vkn'kksZa dk izpkj gks ldsA bl miU;kl esa eueksgu o fiz;ksnk ds ek/;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd ;qok ih<+h dks ns'k ds fy, O;fDrxr lq[k&nq%[k] LokFkZ&eksg ls Åij mBuk pkfg,A ns'k ds fy, thus ejus okyksa ds ekuoh;] laons u'khy :i dks mHkkjrk gS ;g miU;kl ^êueksgu vHkh b/kj&m/kj ugha ns[ksxkA lh/kk pyrk tk,xkA fdlh pkSjkgs ij eqMx s+ k ugha&u nk,a] u ck,¡--\**5 lquhy egjkt us eueksgu ls dgk] ^^vkneh dh lsok ugha] Hkxoku dh lsok djus tk jgk gSA ;kn j[kukA**6 ^êueksgu dh M~;Vw h -- 1934] 15 twu( HkwdEi ls ihfM+r vLriky esa yxhA gj v/ksM+ ds psgjs ij og vius ckcw th ds eq[kM+s dh Nk;k ns[krk gSA lHkh ?kk;y] chekj vkSjrsa mldh ek¡ gSa -- fdruh iq"ih] uhyw] xquh th] 'kjcfr;k nhnh] fiz;ksnk -- fdrus&fdrus --- vkg! ph[k&iqdkj ---!**7 ^^1936 -- nks gh o"kksZa ds ckn eueksgu dh ckr QSy xbZA mlus gsMekLVj lkgc ls dgk Fkk] lj] ge pqjkdj dqN ugha djsx a As ftl fnu >aMk Qgjkuk gksxk] [kqys vke] fof/kiwod Z gh >aMk Qgjk,¡xAs **8 ^^mUgsa bl ckr dk larks"k Fkk fd nq'euksa ds rhu&rhu VSd a ksa dk lQk;k mUgksua s dj fn;k gSA os ykSVas vius 219@ ladYiuk 219@la

vM~Ms dh vksj] fdarq foeku esa foLQksV gqvkA vkSj] ,d gh îzk.k* dh gkfu gqbZ vkSj ml ,d îzk.k* dks lHkh eueksgu dgrs FksA vc mudh yk'k mudh tUeHkwfe ij --A**9 bl miU;kl ds o`Ùkkar esa ys[kd us futh thou dh dbZ ?kVukvksa dks la;ksftr fd;k gS tks dFkk ds uk;d rFkk dFkk dks vke yksxksa ls tksMr+ h gSA bl izdkj js.kq th ds lHkh miU;klksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij ;g ckr mHkj dj vkrh gS fd js.kq th us Lokra«;iwoZ tks jktuhfr dk ;FkkFkZ] uSfrd iru] Hkz"Vkpkj mtkxj fd;k Fkk vkt og jktuhfr dk vfHkUu vax cu pqdk gS ,d iz[kj lkfgR;dkj dh iSuh utj mls orZeku fLFkfr dk vkdyu dj Hkfo"; nz"Vk cuk nsrh gSA tSls Lokra«;iwoZ ^foesl a osyQs;j* dh vkM esa efgykvksa dk ;kSu mRihM+u vkt ns'k dh xaHkhj leL;k cu pqdk gS ogha js.kq th us T;ksRLuk vkuan tSlh ^v/ksM+ dkeqd* efgykvksa dks mudk drZO; cksèk djkus ds fy, gh mUgsa 'kfDr nh gSA ysfdu vkt pfj=ghurk T;ksRLuk vkuan dh rjg QS'ku cu x;k gSA ogha vkt dqN ;qok ih<+h jktuhfr dks dhpM+ ekudj jktuhfr ls nwj Hkkxrh gS tcfd js.kq th us lkQ&lkQ 'kCnksa esa ;qok ih<+h dks ns'kHkfDr djus rFkk jktuhfr vkSj jktuhfrd ikVhZ dk iz;kstu ns'k lsok crk;k gS& pkgs gj ikVhZ ds fl)kar gh D;ksa u vyx gksA js.kq th us vius miU;kl îYVw ckcw jksM*+ esa tgk¡ fctyh n~okjk ;g dgyok;k fd ,d gh ?kj ds lnL; vyx&vyx ikfV;ksaZ ds vxj lnL; curs gsa rks blesa cqjkbZ D;k gS D;ksfa d gj ikVhZ vkSj ikVhZ dk lnL; ns'klsok ds fy, ikVhZ ls tqMr+ k gS( ogha eueksgu tSls fd”kksj ds ek/;e ls fd'kksjksa esa ns'kHkfDr dk jkx Hkjk gSA bl izdkj js.kq th ds miU;klksa dks i<+dj lekIr djus rd ikBd vusd pfj=ks]a ?kVuk izlx a ks]a laoknksa vkSj o.kZu 'kSyh ds peRdkjksa ls bruk lkehI; vuqHko djus yxrk gS fd muls fcNqMu+ k ,d ckj mlds ân; esa vo”; dld iSnk djrk gSA lanHkZ 123456789-

Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] eSyk vk¡py] i`- 21 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] ijrh ifjdFkk] i`- 27 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] nh?kZrik] i`- 140 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] nh?kZrik] i`- vkoj.k Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 135 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 102 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112 Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq] fdrus pkSjkgs] i`- 112

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fganh miU;klksa esa f”k{kk txr dk ;FkkFkZ : ^jkx njckjh* dk fo”ks"k lanHkZ & izHkk dqekjh Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dh ijaijk cgqr izkphu gS] bruh izkphu fd mldk izkjaHk fdrus o"kZ iwoZ gqvk] vkt ;g fuf'pr :i ls crk lduk 'kk;n laHko gh ugha gSA fo'o lkfgR; esa osn izkphure xaFz k gSAa 1 bl izdkj oSfnd laL—fr fo”o dh izkphure laL—fr gSA ;tqonZs esa dgk gS] ^lk izFkek laL—frfoZ”ookjk*& ;g fo”o dh izFke laL—fr gSA eksgutksnMks] gM+Iik rFkk vU; LFkkuksa esa [kqnkbZ ls fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk dk tks :i izdk'k esa vk;k gS] mlds lac/a k esa vHkh ;g iwjh rjg fuf'pr ugha gks ik;k gS fd og oSfnd ;qx dh gh gS] ;k mlls igys@ckn dhA mls dqN fo}ku oSfnd ;qx ls igys dk ekurs gSa vkSj dqN oSfnd ;qx dk gh ekudj mls vk;Z lH;rk ekurs gSAa oLrqfLFkfr tks Hkh gks] gekjs ns'k esa f'k{kk dh ijaijk fu%langs izkphu gSA gekjk ns'k Kku xq# jgk gSA bl lac/a k esa Mk- VkWel ds ;s 'kCn /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS]a ^^Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSAa lalkj dk dksbZ ns'k ,slk ugha gS tgk¡ Kku ds isez dk mn~xe bruk izkphu gks vFkok mldk izHkko bruk fpjLFkk;h vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh gksA**2 Kku dk ;g fpjLFkk;h vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh izHkko vkt rd ekStnw gS] ;|fi ml f'k{kk dk :i vkSj pfj= cnys gtkjksa o"kZ gks x, gSAa blfy, izkphu f'k{kk rFkk mldh fodkl ;k=k dk ifjp; izkIr dj ysuk gekjs fy, mi;ksxh gksxkA oSfnd f'k{kk dk fooj.k osnksa esa rFkk oSfnd lkfgR; esa feyrk gSA ^^oSfnd ;qx ls ysdj vkt rd Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk ewy rkRi;Z ;g jgk gS &f'k{kk] izdk'k dk og lzkrs gS tks thou ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa gekjk lPpk iFkizn'kZu djrh gSA**3 oSfnd dky esa f'k{kk ds eq[; mn~n's ; ,oa vkn'kZ Fks&/kkfeZd Hkkouk dk fodkl] pfj= fuekZ.k] O;fDrRo dk fodkl] lkekftd drZO;ksa ij cy] laL—fr dk laj{k.k ,oa lao/kZu vkfnA egkRek xkSre cq) ds tUe ds le; oSfnd /keZ dk cgqr iru gks pqdk Fkk] /kkfeZd Hkkouk u"V gks pqdh Fkh] /keZ ds uke ij ckg~; vkMacj 'ks"k cps Fks] ;Kksa ds uke ij fgalk dh tkrh Fkh] f'k{kk ds }kj lcds fy, [kqys ugha jg x, Fks rFkk o.kZ&O;oLFkk deZ.kk ds LFkku ij tUeuk gks xbZ FkhA mu fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa xkSre cq) us tks mik; crk,] mUgsa ckS) f'k{kk dgk x;kA ckS) f'k{kk ds mn~n's ; Hkh oSfnd f'k{kk ds leku gh FksA oSfnd ;qx esa ^;K* laL—fr ds dsna z Fks] mlh izdkj ckS);qx esa ^la?k* f'k{kk vkSj fo|k ds dsna z FksA ckS) dky esa eBks]a fogkjksa o fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Hkh f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA ckS) dky esa dqN fo'ofo|ky; cgqr izfl) gq, fTkuesas f'k{kk ysus ds fy, fo|kFkhZ fons'k¨a ls Hkh vkrs FksA ¸¨ fo'ofo|ky; gSa & r{kf'kyk % vk/kqfud jkoyfiaMh ¼ikfdLrku½ ds ikl ;g uxj FkkA oSfnd f'k{kk ds ckn 221@ ladYiuk 221@la

;g ckS) f'k{kk dk Hkh ize[q k dsna z FkkA laL—r ds izfl) oS;kdj.k ikf.kfu rFkk izfl) oS| thod ;gha dh mit FksA vkpk;Z pk.kD; dh mPp f'k{kk ;gha gqbZ FkhA4 ukyank % vk/kqfud iVuk ds fudV ;g ckS) f'k{kk dsna z FkkA v'kksd us ;gk¡ fogkj cuok;k FkkA xqIr lezkVksa us eB cuok,A ;s eB gh fo'ofo|ky; ds ize[q k vax FksA ;g ckS)èkeZ dh ^egk;ku 'kk[kk* dk ize[q k dsna z FkkA ;gk¡ ,d fo'kky ukS eaftyk iqLrdky; FkkA5 oyHkh % dkfB;kokM esa ;g izfl) ckS) f”k{kk dsna z FkkA ^ghu;ku 'kk[kk* dk ;g ize[q k dsna z FkkA ex/k % foØef'kyk] vksnra iqjh] fefFkyk] caxky esa ufn;k ¼uo}hi½] txn~nyk] oSfnd f'k{kk ds vkSj ckn esa ckS) f'k{kk ds Hkh izfl) dsna z jgsA6 vkBoha 'krh esa Hkkjr ij eqlyekuksa ds vkØe.k gksus yxs FksA ckjgoha “krh ds var esa eqgEen xksjh us Hkkjr ds if'peksÙkj Hkkx ij vkØe.k fd;k rFkk eqgEen xksjh ls ysdj eqxy lkezkT; ds vafre 'kkld cgknqj 'kkg t+Qj+ rd] vFkkZr yxHkx 500 o"kksZa rd Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ij eqlyekuksa dk 'kklu jgkA bu vkØe.kdkfj;ksa us rRdkyhu f'k{kk dsna kz as dks u"V fd;kA blls izkphu Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dh ijaijk u"V rks ugha gks ldh] ij [kafMr vo”; gks xbZA èkeZ dk izpkj gj eqlyeku dk drZO; ekuk x;k gSA vr% eqfLye 'kkldksa us bLykeh f'k{kk dks bLyke /keZ ds izpkj dk lk/ku cuk;kA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk chtkjksi.k ;wjksih; fe'kufj;ksa }kjk fd;k x;kA bl izdkj mUgsa Hkkjr esa ,d uohu f'k{kk iz.kkyh ykus vkSj vk/kqfud f'k{kk&i)fr ds izorZd gksus dk lEeku izkIr gSA7 bl lanHkZ esa izk-s ,-,u- clq dk dFku gS fd ^^;g eq[;r% fe'kufj;ksa dk gh ifj.kke Fkk fd 19oha 'krkCnh ds izkjafHkd o"kksZa us bl ns'k esa f'k{kk dh ,d uohu i)fr dk vkfoHkkZo ns[kkA**8 fe'kujh dky esa ,d iw.kZr;k uohu f'k{kkO;oLFkk dk izkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] tks vaxt sz h ekè;e }kjk iznku dh tkrh FkhA ik'pkR; Kku ,oa foKku dk iw.kZ :i ls izlkj djuk gh bl uohu f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk eq[; mn~n's ; FkkA eSdkys ds ?kks"k.kki= ds i'pkr Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa rhoz fodkl gksus yxkA izkP;&ik'pkR; fookn Hkh [kRe gks x;kA vaxt sz h dks f'k{kk dk ek/;e cukdj ik'pkR; Kku ds }kj ges'kk ds fy, Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds fy, [kksy fn, x,A blh ik'pkR; Kku ls Hkkjrh;ksa esa jktuSfrd tkx`fr vkbZA Qyr% mUgksua s Hkh jktuSfrd la?k"kZ vkjaHk fd;k vkSj ns'k dks eqfDr fnykbZA Hkkjr esa Lora=rk ds i'pkr fo'ofo|ky; rFkk mlds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k esa fujarj rhozrk ls o`f) gks jgh FkhA ysfdu lHkh fo'ofo|ky; fczfV'k dkyhu f'k{kk ls izHkkfor FksA ;s uo Lora= ns'k dh rkRdkfyd jktuSfrd rFkk lkekftd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djus esa vleFkZ FksA vr% f”k{kk iz.kkyh ds Hkkjrh;dj.k dh pqukSfr vkt Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA 222@ ladYiuk 222@la

fganh lkfgR; txr esa miU;kldkjksa }kjk ftu fo"k;ksa dks eq[; :i ls mBk;k x;k gS] muesa f'k{kk foe”kZ rks yxHkx ux.; gh gSA blds ckotwn dqN miU;kldkjksa us viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk txr ds ;FkkFkZ dks ize[q krk ds lkFk of.kZr fd;k gSA tSl]s Q.kh”ojukFk js.kq dk ^nh?kZrik* uked y?kq miU;kl lu~ 1964 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bl miU;kl dk dFkk{ks= fcgkj jkT; dh jkt/kkuh] iVuk dk ,d ofdZx a foesl a Nk=kokl gSA miU;kl esa bl izdkj ds Nk=koklksa ds vanj iuius okys Hkz"Vkpkj] fL=;ksa ds dke 'kks"k.k vkfn dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA nq’;ar dqekj dk miU;kl ^NksV& s NksVs loky* 1964 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bUgksua s bLk miU;kl eas dkWyt s ksa esa iui jgs Hkz"Vkpkj] vfu;ferrk] dkWyt s ksa esa vuq'kklughurk tSlh leL;kvksa dk fp=.k fd;k gSA f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa ds uke ij ns'k esa pyus okys ?k`f.kr O;olk; vkSj bl O;olk; dks pykus okys lsB] lkgwdkjksa vkSj mUgha ds tSls vU; O;fDr;ksa dh f?kukSuh gjdrksa dk fp=.k gh bl miU;kl esa miU;kldkj dk eq[; y{; jgk gSA dk'khukFk flag dk miU;kl ^viuk ekspkZ* 1972 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA lanfHkZr miU;kl dh i`"BHkwfe dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj esa O;kIr vO;oLFkk ls lacfa /kr gSA ;g miU;kl eq[;r% Nk= vkanksyu dks fo"k; cukdj fy[kk x;k gSA lkrosa n'kd esa fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls iSnk gq, Nk= vlarks"k vkSj ^v¡xjsth gVkvks* vkanksyu ls mÙkj Hkkjr dk 'kSf{kd ifjlj {kqC/k vkSj v'kkar gks x;k FkkA miU;kl esa Nk= leL;kvksa dks bZekunkjh ls mHkkjk x;k gSA ân;s”k ds miU;kl ^lkaM* dk izdk'ku lu~ 1981 bZ- esa gqvkA bl miU;kl esa mÙkj izn's k dh dLckbZ f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj dk vadu fd;k x;k gSA blesa ys[kd us fn[kk;k gS fd v/;kidksa dks dsoy 150 #i, ru[okg nh tkrh gS ysfdu gLrk{kj 225 #i, ij fy, tkrs gSAa ,d v/;kid tc blds fojks/k esa vkokt mBkrk gS rks mldh lsokvksa dks lekIr dj fn;k tkrk gSA fxfjjkt fd'kksj dk miU;kl ^ifjf'k"V* lu~ 1984 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA rduhdh f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa ds ;kaf=d] vekuoh; vkSj vkj{k.k fojks/kh ifjos'k esa nfyr oxZ ds Nk=ksa ds vjekuksa vkSj liuksa dh fdl izdkj gR;k dj nh tkrh gS] blh dk ekfeZd fp=.k bl miU;kl esa gqvk gSA ^^vuqlfw pr dksbZ tkfr ugha ekufldrk gS ftls vfHktkr oxZ nwljs ij <dsy nsrk gS vkSj og vuqlfw pr gks tkrk gSA**9 nso's k Bkdqj dk miU;kl ^xq#dqy* lu~ 1989 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA miU;kl esa bUgksua s cacbZ dh f'k{k.k laLFkkvksa esa O;kIr vkfFkZd&uSfrd Hkz"Vkpkj] dkWyt s ksa ds izc/a ku esa lsBksa ds uktk;t gLr{ksi] f'k{kdksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xqVcanh vkSj ‘kM;a=] v/;kidksa ds izfr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lkft”k vkSj /kk¡/kyh] O;oLFkk ds izfr Nk=ksa esa vlarks’k] v/;kidksa dh

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?kqVuHkjh ftanxh rFkk 'kSf{kd {ks= esa gksus okys voewY;u dk foLrkj ds lkFk vadu fd;k gSA viuh lÙkk ds en esa pwj vksNy s ky uked ik= dh uhprk dk ;g mnkgj.k n`"VO; gS&^^vkius ns[kk] 'khrka'kq dks nl lky rd fjlpZ xkbM ugha gksus fn;k geusA vHkh rd mls ,e-,- rks D;k ch-,- dh ,Dtkfeujf'ki Hkh ugha nhA ,e-,- dh Vhfpax ikap lky rd jksd yhA --- fy[krk jgs fdrkcs]a c<+krk jgs viuh isij DokfyfQds'kuA**10 cEcbZ gks ;k ns'k dk dksbZ Hkh fgLlk] lHkh txg dh fLFkfr yxHkx leku gSA jkenj'k feJ ds miU;kl ^vkfne jkx* esa ,d v/;kid dh NViVkgV dk o.kZu gS] tks vius ?kj ls Hkkxdj iRuh ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, vius vki dks f'k{kk {ks= esa lefiZr djuk pkgrk gSA 'khy xqtjkr ds ,d dkWyt s esa ysDpjj cuk gSA mldh bPNk gS fd og Nk=ksa dks vPNh rjg i<+k,A og dM+h esgur djrk gS ysfdu Nk= mls dqN ugha le>rs gSAa og ugha le> ikrk fd Nk= D;k pkgrs gSAa og lc dqN NksMd + j Hkkx tkuk pkgrk gSA rc mls ,d Nk=k jhrk }kjk ekywe gksrk gS fd izkjaHk esa Nk= lHkh v/;kidksa dks ijs'kku djrs gSAa 1974 esa f'koizlkn flag dk miU;kl ^xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS* izdkf'kr gqvkA ^xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS* dk dsna hz ; fo"k; ;qok vkØks”k gSA f'koizlkn th us ^uqDdM+ lHkk* ¼miU;kl dh Hkwfedk½ esa Bhd gh dgk gS fd ^;qok vkØks”k iwjs ;qok lekt esa QSyh oLrq gS*] og dsoy ^Nk= vlarks"k ;k Nk= v'kakfr* ugha gS] ^;qok ,d 'kfDr gS*] ^Hkfo"; dks eksMu+ s dk dk;Z bUgha gkFkksa laiUu gksxk*A ^;qok vkØks”k* ls tqMs+ bl cks/k dks f'koizlkn flag us dk'kh fganw fo'ofo|ky; ifjlj ds lanHkZ esa izLrqr fd;k gSA jkgh eklwe jt+k dk miU;kl ^Vksih 'kqDyk* lu~ 1969 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvkA bl miU;kl esa fgan& w eqfLye lac/a kksa dk ekfeZd :i ls fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA bl miU;kl esa fgan& w eqfLye lac/a kksa dh leL;k dks mlds lgh lanHkZ esa ns[kus vkSj fpf=r djus dk ,d lkgliw.kZ iz;kl gSA Hkkjr tSls yksdrkaf=d ns'k esa Ldwy iz'kklu ;k izc/a ku ra= dks tura= ds vkn'kksZa ,oa ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksuk pkfg,A ijarq bl miU;kl esa izc/a ku ra= Eksa vUksd [kkfe;ka ns[kUks dks feYkrh gSAa TkSl& s f'k{kk ra= esa Hkz"VkpkjA f'k{kk txr esa pkjksa vksj O;kIr Hkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k f'k{kk esa okLrfod ewY;ksa dh deh gSA gj Lrj ij Hkz"Vkpkj gSA izR;sd {ks= esa O;fDr vius drZO;ksa dk fuokZg ugha djrk gSA og vius dk;Z ls th pqjkrk gS] ;Fkk& ^^fizfa liy lkgc vc vkxs c<+ x, rks DydZ cksyk] ^^Bsdns kj lkgc dks Hkh dkWfyt&desVh dk esEcj cuok yhft,A dke vk,¡xAs ** fiafz liy lkgc lksprs jgsA DydZ us dgk] ^^pkj lky igys dh rkjh[k esa laj{kd okyh jlhn dkV nsx a As izc/a kd 11 desVh esa Hkh budk gksuk t+:jh gSA rc Bhd jgsxk*A** fo|ky; esa ,d Hkou fuekZ.k dk;Z py jgk gS] ogk¡ Bsdns kj ckrks& a ckrksa esa fizfa liy dks crkrk gS fd etnwj dke gh ugha djrsA iwjs fnuHkj buds ihNs iqdkjuk iM+rk gS rc

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dgha dke djrs gSAa fizfa liy Hkh blh ckr dk leFkZu djrk gS vkSj dgrk gS] gekjs dkWfyt esa Hkh vè;kid ,slk gh djrs gSa vFkkZr~ v/;kiu dk;Z ls th pqjkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSAa Jhyky “kqDy us ^jkx njckjh* esa ;g Hkh izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; yksdra= O;oLFkk vius vki esa ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSj fo'o esa lcls cM+h O;oLFkk gSA bldk vkt Hkkjr o"kZ esa l{ke vkSj le`) yksxksa vkSj ifjokjksa }kjk tks etkd cuk;k tkrk gS] og vius vki esa ,d nq[kn vkSj nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA njckjh laL—fr] izc/a ku ra= dh rkuk'kkgh] vkfFkZd Hkz"Vkpkj] izc/a ku lfefr ds pquko esa Hkqtcy dk iz;ksx] iz'kklfud Hkz"Vkpkj] yksdra= vkSj U;k; O;oLFkk dk e[kkSy vkfn ges ;gk¡ gj rjQ ns[kUks dks feyrk gSA f'k{kk tM+ ugha vfirq ,d psru rFkk LosfPNr f}eq[kh izfØ;k gSA bl n`f"V ls f'k{kk ds fy, nks O;fDr;ksa dk gksuk ije vko';d gS&,d f'k{kd vkSj nwljk f'k{kkFkhZ vFkkZr ckydA f'k{kd ds dqN vkn'kZ] ewY; rFkk fo'okl gksrs gaS vkSj ckyd bu lcls izHkkfor gksrk gSA ^jkx njckjh* esa ;g fn[kk;k Xk;k gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa muds ekul esa dksbZ fpark ugha gksrh gSA bl lca/k esa ,d m)j.k n`"VO; gS&^^FkksMh+ nsj esa ,d Hkyk&lk fn[kus okyk ukStoku vkrk gqvk ut+j vk;kA fiafz liy lkgc us mls nwj ls ns[krs gh fpYykdj dgk] ^HkkbZ] ekyoh;] ;g Dykl Hkh ns[k ysukA *ekyoh; ut+nhd vkdj NIij dk ,d ck¡l idM+dj [kM+k gks x;k vkSj cksyk] ^,d gh ihfj;M esa nks Dykl dSls ys ldw¡xk\*--- fizfa liy lkgc us vkokt+ rst+ djds dgk] ^T+;knk dkuwu u Nk¡Vks] tc ls rqe [kUuk ds lkFk mBus&cSBus yxs gks] rqEgsa gj dke esa fnD+dr ekywe gksrh gSA *ekyoh; fizfa liy lkgc dk eqg¡ ns[krk jg x;kA DydZ us dgk] ^ljdkjh cl okyk fglkc yxkvks ekyoh;A ,d cl fcxM+ tkrh gS rks lc lokfj;k¡ ihNs vkusokyh nwljh cl esa cSBk nh tkrh gSAa bu yM+dksa dks Hkh oSls gh vius ntZ+s esa ys tkdj cSBk yksA* mlus cgqr ehBh vkokt+ esa dgk] îj ;g rks uok¡ nt+kZ gSA eSa ogk¡ lkrosa dks i<+k jgk gw¡*A**12 fizfa liy ekyoh; ¼v/;kid½ ls nwljh d{kk dks laHkkyus dh ckr dgrk gS rks ekyoh; tokc esa dgrk gS&,d le; esa nks d{kk dSls i<+kÅ¡\ fizfa liy iwokZxgz ls xzflr gS blfy, bls vius fojks/kh [kUuk dk izHkko ekudj ekyoh; ij vkjksi yxkus yxrk gSA oLrqr% fizfa liy vkSj [kUuk nks foijhr xqVksa esa gSA bl xqVcanh dk f'k{kk ij tks izHkko iM+rk gS og DydZ ds dFku ls O;aftr gS fd v/;kid daMDVj vkSj Nk= lokjh ds leku cudj jg tkrs gSAa Hk;Hkhr v/;kid izc/a k ra= ls blfy, Mjs jgrs gSa D;ksfa d dHkh Hkh mudh ukSdjh Nhuh tk ldrh gSA ;Fkk& ^^[kUuk th vkSj ekyoh; th] eSa vkSjksa ls ugha dgrk] dsoy vkils dg jgk gw¡A vkidks bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA** mudh ckr dkVrs gq, [kUuk us dgk] ^îj --A** ^ûgha**] n;kyqrk ds lkFk] ij et+crw h ls mUgksua s nksgjk;k] ^ûgha] eSa igys gh dg 225@ ladYiuk 225@la

pqdk gw¡] vkt dsoy eSa cksy¡x w kA rks] eSa dg jgk Fkk] vkidks bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA vkt vkSj vHkh] ;gha vkSj blh oDr! vkidks bLrhQ+k nsuk gksxkA**13 oS|th [kUuk th o ekyoh; th dk ekLVj in ls bLrhQ+k ekaxrs gSAa ;gk¡ O;aftr gS fd vè;kid izc/a ku ra= ds gkFkksa c¡/ks gq, gSAa os Lora= dqN dj ugha ldrs flok; vkns'k dk ikyu djus dsA ;gk¡ dkWyt s izc/a ku lfefr ds v/;{k oS| th dqN lquuk ugha pkgrs vkSj nksuksa v/;kidksa dks funs'Z k nsrs gSa fd rqedks bLrhQk nsuk gh gksxkA bl ls Li"V gS fd vf/kdka'k f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa blh izdkj dk uokch Qjeku fudyrk gS ftlds ckjs esa dqN Li"Vhdj.k ugha lquk tkrk flQZ gqDe dh rkehy gksrh gSA vr% v/;kidksa dh fLFkfr cM+h Hk;kud vkSj =kliw.kZ gks tkrh gSA f'k{kk O;oLFkk ds rhu ize[q k vaxks& a izc/a ku] v/;kid vkSj Nk= esa Nk= lcls ize[q k gSA Nk= ;k fo|kFkhZ dks gh fdlh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dk ukfHkd gksuk pkfg, rFkk 'ks"k iwjh O;oLFkk mlh ds gsrq gksuh pkfg,A Jhyky 'kqDy us foosP; miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* esa ledkyhu Hkkjr dh f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh nqn'Z kk dk vadu djrs gq, ;g n”kkZ;k gS fd fo|kFkhZ vkSj fo|ky; Hkh izcèa ku&ra= vkSj f'k{k.k&ra= dh rjg vuqÙkjnkf;Roiw.kZ ,oa iznfw "kr gks pqds gSAa ^jkx njckjh* dh lkjh f'k{kk lac/a kh xfrfof/k;ksa dk dsna z ,d fo|ky; gSA ijarq bl fo|ky; esa fo|k ds okrkoj.k dk furkar vHkko gSA fo|ky; ukxfjdksa dh fuekZ.k'kkyk gSA ;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd fo|ky; Hkou lac/a kh ekudksa ds vuqlkj fo|ky; dk viuk iDdk Hkou gksuk pkfg,A izR;sd d{kk ds fy, vyx d{k gksus pkfg,A 'kkSpky;] fo|qr] ikuh dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A iqLrdky; gksuk pkfg,A QuhZpj dh mÙke O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A bu ekudksa ds fglkc ls ns[ksa rks ^jkx njckjh* esa of.kZr f'koikyxat dk dkWyt s bl dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjuk rks nwj bUgsa Nw Hkh ugha ikrk gSA dkWyt s Hkou ds uke ij lkeqnkf;d Hkou] jsyos dk ,d dejk vkfn gSA eSnku ds uke ij [kkyh iM+h Ålj t+ehu] ftl ij dqN txg —f"k foKku ladk; ds iz;ksx esa vkrh gSA vr% Hkou ds uke ij [kkukiwfrZ ek= gSA ,sls fo|ky; ds fo|kFkhZ f'kf{kr gksdj Hkh] f'k{kk dk okLrfod :i xzg.k ugha dj ikrsA f'koikyxat dk ;g fo|ky; orZeku esa Hkh Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa ljdkjh fo|ky; Hkouksa dh n'kk dk c;ku djrk gSA vktknh ds brus n'kdksa ckn Hkh ;g n'kk cgqr T;knk ifjofrZr ugha gks ikbZ gSA u gh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lksp esa vf/kd ifjorZu vk;k gSA orZeku esa 'kks/kdk;Z ds izfr mis{kkiw.kZ joS;k viuk;k tkrk gSA jaxukFk bl fLFkfr dh f'kdkj gS&^^jaxukFk us f'k"Vkpkj dh bl dksf'k'k dks eqLdjkdj c<+kok fn;kA Mªkboj us dgk] ^f'kfjeku th] vktdy D;k dj jgs gS\a ** ^^?kkl [kksn jgk gw¡A** ^^Mªkboj g¡lkA nq?kZVuko'k ,d nl lky dk uax&/kM+x a yM+dk Vªd ls fcYdqy gh cp

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x;kA cpdj og ,d iqfy;k ds lgkjs fNidyh&lk fxj iM+kA Mªkboj blls izHkkfor ugha gqvkA ,fDlysVj nckdj g¡lrs&g¡lrs cksyk] ^D;k ckr dgh gS! t+jk [kqyklk le>k,A** ^^dgk rks] ?kkl [kksn jgk gw¡A blh dks vaxt zs h esa fjlpZ dgrs gSAa ijlky ,e-,- fd;k 14 FkkA bl lky ls fjlpZ 'kq: dh gSA** ;gk¡ eq[; Hkwfedk esa mifLFkr jaxukFk uked ik= dk o.kZu gS] tks 'kks/k Nk= gSA mlds ekè;e ls ;gk¡ Hkkjrh; mPp f'k{kk ds izfr 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dh euksn'kk dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh laf{kIr fodkl ;k=k ds v/;;u ds i'pkr ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd fofHkUu ;kstukvksa vkSj lfefr;ksa }kjk fn, x, lq>koksa dks fu"i{k :i ls vxj ykxw fd;k tkrk rks] orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk psgjk fHkUu gksrkA orZeku f'k{kk esa fxjrs ewY;ksa dks ns[kdj yxrk gS fd f'k{kk dk okLrfod :i lekt ds lkeus ugha vk ik jgk gSA f'k{kk orZeku esa flQZ jkstx + kj dk tfj;k ek= gSA f'k{kk ds ewY; [kRe gks pqds gSAa miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* esa f'k{kk ds bl :i dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS&^orZeku f'k{kk&i)fr jkLrs esa iM+h dqfr;k gS] ftls dksbZ Hkh ykr ekj ldrk gSA* vFkkZr bl dFku ls Hkh Li"V gksrk gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk i)fr dk dksbZ okLrfod egRo ugha jg x;k gSA Jhyky 'kqDy dk miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* lu~ 1968 esa izdkf'kr gqvkA Hkkjr dh Lora=rk ds i'pkr~ ls vkt rd yxHkx 68 o"kksZa esa f'k{kk esa ek=kRed o`f) rks vo'; gks ikbZ gS] ijarq f'k{kk esa vxj xq.kkRed o`f) dh ckr dh tk, rks 'kk;n ifj.kke gesa os ugha fey ik, gS]a ftudh gesa vis{kk FkhaA f'k{kk orZeku esa ,d O;olk; cu x;k gSA ,d ,slk O;olk; ftlls izR;{k esa rks izn"w k.k gksrk fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] ijarq bl O;oLFkk ls lkekftd ewY;ksa esa ,slk izn"w k.k gks jgk gS ftls jksduk cgqr vko';d gSA vr% ;g Li"V gS fd orZeku Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu dh vko';drk gS ftlls Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa vius izkphu uSfrd ewY;ksa dks iqu% yk;k tk, vkSj Hkkjro"kZ iqu% Kku xq# cu ldsA lkfgR; txr esa jpukdkjksa }kjk fofHkUu lkekftd foe'kksZa ij ckr dh xbZ gSA eq[; :i ls L=h foe”kZ] nfyr foe”kZ vkfn fo"k;ksa ij [kwc jpuk,¡ dh xbZ gSAa ijarq lekt dk og fo"k; ;k foe”kZ ftlls lai.w kZ O;fDr txr dh rLohj dks lai.w kZ :i ls cnyk tk ldrk gS] og gS ^f'k{kk&foe”kZ*A ekuo txr esa xq.kkRed f'k{kk gh og gfFk;kj gS] ftlls jk"Vª ds vFkZ'kkL= o jktuhfr'kkL= dks Hkh ldkjkRed :i ls cnyk tk ldrk gSA fganh ds dqN miU;kldkjksa dk /;ku bl vksj x;k gS tSls Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq us nh?kZrik] nq";ar

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dqekj us NksV& s NksVs loky] dk'khukFk flag us viuk ekspkZ] ân;s'k us lkaM] fxfjjkt fd'kksj us ifjf'k"V] nso's k Bkdqj us xq#dqy] f'koizlkn flag us xyh vkxs eqMr+ h gS] jkenj'k feJ us vkfne jkx] xksfoan feJ us yky ihyh tehu vkSj jkgh eklwe jt+k us Vksih 'kqDyk esa f'k{kk foe”kZ dks eq[; LFkku fn;k gSA buesa Jhyky 'kqDy —r miU;kl ^jkx njckjh* ¼1968½ dk f'k{kk txr ds ;FkkFkZ fp=.k dh n`f"V ls foospu] fo'ys"k.k djus ls ;g fu"d’kZ lkeus vk;k gS fd miU;kldkj Jhyky 'kqDy us bl —fr esa f'k{kk txr ds izc/a ku ra=] f'k{k.k ra=] fon~;kFkhZ vkSj fon~;ky; tSls ize[q k vaxksa ls tqMh+ okLrfodrkvksa dk f'koikyxat ds Naxkey baVj dkWyt s ds cgkus xgu O;aX;kRed fp=.k fd;k gS vkSj n'kkZ;k gS fd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh n'kk jkLrs dh dqfr;k tSlh xbZ chrh gks xbZ gSA lanHkZ 1- osn fdrus iqjkus gS] bl ckjs esa fo}ku ,der ugha gSA dksbZ budh jpuk yxHkx ikap gtkj o"kZ iwoZ ekurk gS] rks dksbZ nl gtkj o"kZ iwoZ] vkSj dqN fo}ku budh jpuk ekuo l`f"V ds vkjaHk esa ekurs gSaA& iaj?kquanu 'kekZ] oSfnd laifÙk] ubZ fnYyh % n;kuan laLFkku] 1983] i`- 36&114 2. A.S. Altekkar, Education in Ancient India, Pg. 4 3. Suresh.C.Ghosh , History of Education in India, pg. 115 4. Suresh.C.Ghosh , History of Education in India, pg. 115 5. Suresh.C.Ghosh, History of Education in India, pg. 115 6. Murullah & Naik, A History of Education in India, 1951, Pg. XIV 7. A.N. Basu, Education in Modern India – Pg. 17

8- fxfjjkt fd'kksj] ifjf'k"V] i`- 1 9- f'koizlkn flag] xyh vkxs eqM+rh gS] i`- 81 10- nsos'k Bkdqj] xq#dqy] i`- 37&38 11- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 27 12- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 23 13- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 329&330 14- Jhyky 'kqDy] jkx njckjh] i`- 9

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Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ & jkecnu flag ;kno ^^vks 'kgj dh HkhM+ vc eq>dks {kek nks ykSVdj eSa xk¡o tkuk pkgrk gw¡] xk¡o dh og /kwy tks Hkwyh ugha gS fQj mls ekFks yxkuk pkgrk gw¡A**1 jke vorkj R;kxh dh ;s iafDr;k¡ Jhyky 'kqDy ds miU;kl ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* ds ewy dsna hz ; Hkko dks O;Dr djrh gSAa bl miU;kl dk uk;d jkenkl gSA og fuEuoxZ ls gSA fuEuoxZ ls gksrs gq, Hkh og viuh f'k{kk ds fy, vFkd la?k"kZ djrk gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa vusd miyfC/k;k¡ izkIr djrk gSA bl Øe esa mls vusd izdkj dh ;krukvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] viuh f”k{kk ds nkSjku vkSj cknA mls vusd dVq vuqHko gksrs gSAa vusd ckj mlds lius fc[kjrs gS(a vkLFkk ij pksV iM+rh gS] ;gk¡ rd fd og ftl f”k{kd ds ;gk¡ i<+rk gS os Hkh mldk Je 'kks"k.k djrs gSAa og fnu Hkj dM+h esgur dj ?kj dk dke lekIr dj nks cts nksigj ds ckn gh ikB”kkyk tk ikrk gSA vr% jkenkl miU;kl dk ,d ,slk ik= gS tks xjhch] ykpkjh vkSj 'kks"k.k ls vius orZeku lekt dks mckjus esa foo'k gSA jkenkl ds lkFk vusd ik= miU;kl esa xzkeh.k lanHkksZa vkSj leL;kvksa dks izfrfcafcr djrs gSAa vr% jkenkl vius xk¡o dh lwuh ?kkVh esa mxus okyk ,slk lwjt gS tks Lo;a vius varn~onaZ o~ dh rki ls ty jgk gSA miU;kl esa tkfr&ik¡fr dk Hksn tks xk¡oksa dh dej rksMu+ s okys ize[q k dkjdksa esa gS] mldk fp=.k cM+h xaHkhjrk o jkspdrk ds feJ.k ds lkFk fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd xzkeh.k ikB”kkyk :ih eafnj Hkh bl vLi`“;rk ls vNwrs ugha gSAa ;Fkk] cPpksa esa >xM+s dk dkj.k Hkh tkfrxr Hksn Hkko gS&,d dgrk&^^vjs pejok us esjs Åij xqByh Fkwd nhA blds nk¡r rksM+ nw¡xkA**2 og xk¡o tgk¡ dh 'kjkQ+r vkSj lH; vkpj.k ds xq.kxku fd, tkrs gS]a ogk¡ dk cPpk&cPpk NksVh tkfr;ksa ds izfr vius eu esa t+gj Hkjs gq, gSAa miU;kl esa n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd fdl izdkj xzkeh.k ikB”kkykvksa esa fuEuoxZ ds ckykdksa dks 'kkjhfjd o ekufld izrkM+uk >syuh iM+rh gS&^^rc dqN ckeu vkSj Bkdqjksa ds yM+ds gjhjke dks idM+ ysrAs og pekj dk yM+dk FkkA ,d canj ds cPps dh Hkk¡fr og fpfp;kus yxrkA mldh vk¡[kksa dks gk¡Fkksa ls can djds nwljs yM+ds mlds flj ij pirsa ekjrs vkSj gj pir ij dgrs& ^^nks ds nks** ^^nks nwus pkj**

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^^nks fr;k¡ NgA**3 Jhyky 'kqDy dh loksiZ fj fo'ks"krk ;gh gS fd mUgksua s xzkeh.k ifjos'k dh l`f"V viuh jpukvksa esa djrs le; fdlh izdkj dh —f=erk dk lgkjk ugha fy;kA gk¡] muds xzkeh.k ik=ksa dh Hkk"kk dks NksMd + jA ;fn os xzkeh.k ik=ksa ds fy, BsB cksyh dk p;u djrs rks 'kk;n vf/kd mÙke ,oa mfpr gksrkA fdarq muds xzkeh.k ik= Hkh oSlh gh [kM+hcksyh cksyrs gS]a tSlk fd ogk¡ ds f”kf{kr oxZA gk¡] miU;kldkj us bldk iz;kl ;nk&dnk vo'; fd;k gS fdarq ;g i;kZIr ugha gSA rkRi;Z gS fd miU;kl esa leL;k,¡ LokHkkfod gS]a fdarq Hkk"kk ughaA ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* miU;kl xk¡o ds yksxksa ds x¡obZiu ds vusd lanHkZ fpf=r djrk gSA xk¡o ds f”kf{kr ;qod o ckyd Hkh vius Kku dk lnqi;ksx ugha dj ikrs gSAa ;Fkk ys[kd fy[krs gS& a ^^esjs mu lkfFk;ksa esa dksbZ nl rd igkM+k i<+rk gqvk gy tksr jgk gSA dksbZ lkS rd fxurh fxurk gqvk HkkM+ >ksd a jgk gSA dksbZ jkek;.k dh pkSikb;k¡ dgrk gqvk cSyxkM+h pyk jgk gS] <sdy q h [khap jgk gSA**4 rkRi;Z gS fd xk¡o ds ckyd ;fn i<+&fy[k Hkh ysa rks Hkh mUgsa vius fodkl ds volj o okrkoj.k miyC/k ugha gSAa vr% os Hkh ogh djus yxrs gSa tks muds iqj[ks djrs vk, gSAa bl fLFkfr dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, Jhyky 'kqDy vius ik= ds ek/;e ls dgrs gS& a ^^os lc ogh dj jgs gS]a tks muds iqj[ks djrs pys vk, gSAa lcds ?kj dPps gSAa tgk¡ cjlkr esa nhokj fxj tkrh gS] mlh txg oSlh gh nwljh nhokj os fQj mBk ysrs gSAa mudk ;gh iq#"kkFkZ gSA**5 ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* okLro esa xzkeh.k pØO;wgksa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA ;gk¡ xzke&lkSna ;Z ls vf/kd xzke&leL;k dks LFkku izkIr gSA vr% ftl izdkj ryokj ugha] ryokj dh èkkj ns[kuh pkfg,] mlh izdkj vkyksP; miU;kl esa xzkeh.k lanHkZ ugha] xzkeh.k phRdkj ns[kuh pkfg, D;ksfa d bl jpuk ds ihNs ys[kd dk mn~n”s ; dqN gSA ml mn~n”s ; dks lkekU; ugha ekuk tk ldrkA Mk- lqj”s k iVsy dk ekuuk gS fd ^^Jhyky 'kqDy us jkenkl ds pfj= ds n~okjk lkearh vkSj iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds eq[kkSVs ds udkc dks [kksyus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA**6 ^lwuh ?kkV dk lwjt* ds vU; eq[; ik= gS]a tSl& s cM+s Bkdqj] ea”q kh uojru yky] izkQ s l s j flagk] Bsdns kj lkscju flag] lR;k] csch vkfnA bu lHkh ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls Jhyky 'kqDy us xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk ,slk fp= [khapk gS] ftlesa izR;sd oxZ dh ekufldrk fpf=r gksrh gSA 'kqDy th ds bu ik=ksa esa eq[;r% nks izdkj ds ik= gS& a ,d] 'kks"kd vkSj nwljk] 'kksf"krA 'kksf"krksa esa dqN lq/kkjoknhA jkenkl] mlds firk jeUuk] Ldwy dk pijklh] Qwyk pkph] jkeizlkn daiksftVj] Jhethoh et+njw vkfn fuEuoxhZ; ik= gSAa fu/kZu yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k Åij dk izR;sd oxZ djrk gSA xk¡oksa esa fdl izdkj fu/kZurk ogk¡ dh Hkfo"; dh ih<+h ds fy, vfHk”kki cu jgh gS] ;g

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bl miU;kl esa c[kwch n”kkZ;k x;k gSA fu/kZu yksxkas ds ej tkus ds ckn muds cPps muds n~okjk fy, x, _.k dh pDdh esa filrs jgrs gSAa blds lkFk gh muds fodkl dh iwjh izfØ; vo#) gks tkrh gSA vius firk dh e`R;q ds ckn jeUuk i<+kbZ NksMd + j dqyh cuus ds fy, foo'k gks tkrk gSA jkenkl dks vius firk dk _.k pqdkus ds fy, viuh t+ehu nsuh iM+rh gSA bruk gh ugha vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k mls uojru yky ds ;gk¡ dke Hkh djuk iM+rk gSA Jhyky 'kqDy us n'kkZ;k gS fd xk¡oksa esa iqfyl Hkh fuEuoxZ ds yksxksa dk 'kks"k.k djrh gSA tks ,d ckj tsy pyk tkrk gS] mls ckj&ckj >wBs dsl esa iqfyl vius lEeku dks cpkus ds fy, tsy Hkstk djrh gSA Jhyky 'kqDy us xk¡oksa ds fu/kZu eqgYyksa esa gksus okys xkyh&xykSt dk eqnn~ k Hkh vius miU;kl esa mBk;k gSA tSls fd xkyh&xykSt rks fuèkZu eqgYyksa esa vke gks x;k gksA ;Fkk& ^^tks ikl dh nqdkuksa ls 'kjkc ihdj ykSVrs] os bu ;q)ksa esa okLrfodrk ds jax HkjrsA ugha rks ;s 'kkfCnd ;q)&Hk;adj xkfy;ksa vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh bUgha etnwjksa ds thou dh Hkk¡fr [kks[kys jg tkrsA fnu Hkj dh Fkdku] ?kqVu vkSj jkr dks pV~Vkuksa ls fudyus okys xeZ fu%”okl] vkl&ikl QSys gq, /kq,¡ vkSj muds nqf”parkvksa ds izdj.k esa jkr dks gksuos kys ;s fo"k;ghu 'kCn&;q)] ml okrkoj.k ds ,d LokHkkfod vax ls tku iM+rs FksA**7 vr% Jhyky 'kqDy us xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k ^lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt* esa fd;k gSA ;g ,d ,sls xzkeh.k ;qod dh dgkuh gS tks f'kf{kr vkSj izfrHkk'kkyh gksus ds ckotwn Lo;a dks ,d ,sls lekt esa ikrk gS] tgk¡ mldh lksp] vkn'kksZa vkSj xq.kksa ds O;kikjh izfrf"Br gSAa 8 fu"d"kZr% ^lwuh ?kkV dk lwjt* xzkeh.k lanHkksZa dk xqynLrk gSA blesa xzkeh.k lekt dh laL—fr ,oa mudh leL;kvksa dk fp=.k gSA leL;kvksa dks mBkus ds lkFk ys[kd us buds fuokj.k ds lanHkZ Hkh bl miU;kl esa lq>k, gS]a tks bl jpuk dks lkFkZd cukrs gSAa lanHkZ 1- jke vorkj R;kxh] xk¡o tkuk pkgrk gw]¡ xhrk dfork dks'k] osclkbV] ¼lapkyd½ jktho —".k lDlsuk] i`- 2 2- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 21 3- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 21 4- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 23 5- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 23 6- Mk- lqj”s k iVsy] Jhyky 'kqDy % ,d v/;;u] i`- 71 7- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] i`- 50 8- Jhyky 'kqDy] lwuh ?kkVh dk lwjt] vkoj.k i`"B

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vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa iz—fr fp=.k & ueZnk vkdkjiq lkfgR;dkj lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u lkfgR; txr esa vKs; ds uke ls izfl) gS]a mudk tUe 07 ekpZ] 1911 dk'kh uxj ftyk nsofj;k mÙkj izn's k esa gqvk FkkA 04 vizy S ] 1987 dks mudk fu/ku gqvkA budh dgkfu;ksa esa tks iz—fr dk o.kZu feyrk gS] og lanHkksfZ pr jgrk gSA euq"; vkSj iz—fr budk laca/k dHkh Hkh vyx djds ugha ns[k ldrs gSaA Hkxoku us iz—fr dk l`tu euq"; ds fy, gh fd;k gS rFkk iz—fr dk vkuan mBkus ds fy, gh euq"; gSA iz—fr ds fcuk euq"; v/kwjk gS vkSj euq"; ds fcuk iz—fr v/kwjh gSA euq"; tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd vius thou dh gj voLFkk esa iz—fr ij fuHkZj jgrk gSA iz—fr Hkh viuh gj va”k dks ekuo thou dks lq[kn cukus ds fy, gh rS;kj djrh gSA tSls dchj us dgk gS ^^c`PN Qy u Hk[kS] unh u laps uhjA^^ ;kuh o`{k vius Qy [kqn dHkh ugha [kkrs vkSj unh viuk ikuh [kqn ugha ihrh] iz—fr flQZ ijksidkj ds fy, gh gSA ekuo iz—fr dks viuh vko”;drkvksa ds fy, gh ugha cfYd euksjt a u ds fy, Hkh mi;ksx djrk gSA iz— fr ls euq"; izjs .kk ikrk gSA iz—fr ls euq"; lh[krk gSA iz—fr ds lkFk gh og iyrk gSA lkekU; :i ls lekt esa euq"; iz—fr ds izes rFkk Øks/k nksuksa ls gh ,d leku ifjfpr gSA euq"; iz—fr dks Hkxoku dk Lo:i ekurs gSAa mls iwtrs gaAS vKs; us viuh ^uhyh g¡lh* dgkuh esa dsys ds isM+ ds egRo dks n”kkZ;k gSA tSls ^^dnyh dh voKk vuqfpr gS&ftldh tMs]a gkM Nky] Qy&Qwy lHkh mi;ksxh gSa vkSj muds Hkkstu&Nktu dk lgkjk gSA** dsys ds isM+ dh voKk ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksfa d dsys ds isM+ euq"; ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gksrs gSAa tSls muds Qy] Qwy Hkkstu ds :i esa dke vkrs gSAa vKs; viuh mlh dgkuh esa ,d vkSj txg ,d vU; mnkgj.k Hkh fn, gSAa ^^nks o"kZ cjkcj ck<+ vkbZ FkhA }hi izk;% uke 'ks"k gks x;k FkkA vkSj vc og u tykus ds fy, rsy ;k u [kkus dks ued&nksuksa gh pyuh vkrs Fks--- nsodkardnyh ds rus tykdj mudh jk[k ely jgk gSA mlh dk [kkj mUgsa nqfnZu esa ued dk dke nsrk gS--- [kkj og g¡fM;k esa Hkj ysxk u tkus fdrus fnu pysxh ogA** ck<+ tSlh dfBu le; esa tc [kkus ds fy, ued feyuk eqf'dy gks tkrk gS rc yksx dsys ds isM+ ds rus tykdj mudh jk[k dks ued ds :i esa mi;ksx djrs gSAa bl mnkgj.k esa gesa iz—fr ds nks :iksa dk fp=.k feyrk gSA ekuo thou ds fy, lgkjk cuus okyh iz—fr viuh Øks/k ls mlds thou dks dfBu cuk nsrh gS vkSj fQj ogh vius 'kkar :i ls thou dk lgkjk curh gSA ys[kd ^ij”kqjke ls rwj[ke] ,d Vk;j dh jkedgkuh* okyh dgkuh esa mnkgj.k nsrs gSa

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fd ^^ftlus og ugha ns[kk og ugha ekusxk fd laL—r okD;ksa esa dnyhou esa fopjrs gkfFk;ksa dk tks o.kZu feyrk gS og v{kj”k% lR; gks ldrk gSA taxyh gh lgh dsys ds brus cM+s taxy fd nks ?kaVs eksVj nkSMk+ dj Hkh ikj u gks--- vkSj mudh fpduh] xgjh] gjh Nk¡gksa esa dgha gkfFk;ksa ds >qM a vkSj dgha cM+h 'kkyhurk ls ?kwers feBwu---A** taxyh dsys ds ouksa dk o.kZu ;gk¡ ij gS tks [kkldj iwoksÙZ kj Hkkjr esa vf/kd ik, tkrs gSa ftuds ckjs esa laL—r ds dkO;ksa esa Hkh o.kZu gSA mu ouksa esa ?kweus okys gkfFk;ksa vkSj feBwuksa dk Hkh o.kZu gSA igkM+h bykdksa ls Hkjs {ks=ksa tks lk/kkj.k :i ls gh eueksgd gksrk gS mls vKs; us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa vR;ar lqna jrk ls v{kjc) fd;k gSA mUgksuas s viuh dgkuh ^ghyh&cksuw dh cÙk[ks* esa ml izdkj mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k gSA ^^tjkSrs dh >kfM+;k¡ ftuds ihNs ,d NksVk lkbjuk cgrk FkkA ghyh us mldk ty dHkh ns[kk ugha Fkk( dsoy dy&dy 'kCn gh lquk Fkk& tjkSr dk >qjeqV mls fcYdqy Nk, gq, FkkA** igkM+kas esa cgus okys >jus] ugjsa tks dHkh /;ku ls ns[kus ij gh fn[krs gSa ,sls gh ,d >jus dk o.kZu ;gk¡ ij gSA ghyh tks ml taxy ds ckjs esa tkurh gS rFkk ml >jus ds dyjo ls Hkh voxr Fkh ij mlus mls dHkh ns[kk ugha Fkk og mls vHkh ns[k jgh Fkh D;ksfa d og >juk tjkSrs ds >qjeqV ls <dk gqvk FkkA veyrkl o`{k ds Qwy cgqr lanq j gksrs gSAa os yky jax ds gksrs gSAa nwj ls ns[kus esa fcYdqy nhiksa dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAa ys[kd us viuh îj'kqjke ls rwj[ke* dgkuh esa budk o.kZu fd;k gSA tSl& s ^^tc cfx;k ds pkjksa dksuksa ij tc veyrkl ds o`{k Qwyksa ls yndj ,sls nhIr gks mBs fd cfx;k esa pkjksa dksuksa ds vfrfjDr ekuks dqN fn[krk gh ughaA** veyrkl ds Qwy tc f[ky tkrs gSa rks os nhiksa dh rjg vkdf"kZr curs gSAa os brus vn~Hkqr fn[krs gSa fd cxhps esa muds flok utj fdlh vU; phtksa ij ugha tkrhA mudk vkd"kZ.k ,slk gks tkrk gS fd mlds lkeus cxhps dh ckdh lqna jrk Qhdh iM+ tk,xhA vKs; dh ^lso vkSj nso dgkuh*esa êukyh* ds ikl okys taxyksa dk o.kZu gSA ^îgkM+h jkLrk vkxs ,dk,d [kqy x;k Fkk] phM+ ds o`{k lekIr gks x, FksA vkxs jkLrs dks ikj djrk gqvk ,d >juk cg jgk FkkA mldk ftruk vax lery Hkwfe esa ;k ml ij rks Nk;k Fkh] ysfdu tgk¡ og ekxZ ds ,d vksj uhps fxjrk Fkk] ogk¡ izHkkr ds Qsu ij lw;Z dh fdj.ksa Hkh iM+ jgha FkhaA ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk fd va/kdkj dh dks[k esa ls pk¡nh dk izokg VwV iM+ jgk gS&;k fd iz—fr&ukf;dk dh dtjkjh vk¡[k ds Lusg ds xn~xn~ vk¡lv q ksa dh >M+h--A** ys[kd us bl mnkgj.k esa lanq j okfn;ksa rFkk >juksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA vKs; dh dgkfu;ksa esa gesa iz—fr dk o.kZu Hkh feyrk gS ij og FkksMk+ fHkUu :i esa feyrk gSA os iz—fr ds gj :i dk lanHkksfZ pr o.kZu izLrqr djrs gSAa

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jes'k iks[kfj;ky ^fu'kad* dh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k & oSthukFk vkjaHk ls gh fganh ys[kdksa us dgkfu;ksa ds ek/;e ls lekt esa c<+rh csjkstxkjh dk mYys[k fd;k gSA vkt lekt esa lcls cM+h leL;k csjkstxkjh cu xbZ gSA blh csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k lekt esa dbZ cM+h leL;k,¡ tUe ys jgh gSAa tSl& s Hkz"Vkpkj] xjhch] nfjærk] ykpkjhA bu dkj.kksa ls lekt vkSj ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dk ;g Lrj c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA csjkstxkjh ,d ?kj ;k ,d ifjokj dh leL;k ugha gS] ;g rks lai.w kZ ns'k dh leL;k cu xbZ gSA vkt lekt esa ;qok ih<+h+ csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k viuk thou u"V dj jgh gSA csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k xyr dne mBkrs gSAa tSl& s gR;k] ywV] pksjh vkfnA lekt esa i<+& s fy[ks gksus ds ckn Hkh gj O;fä dks ukSdjh ugha fey ikrh gSA ukSdjh dh ryk'k esa og nj&nj HkVdrk gSA ijarq mls ukSdjh ds LFkku ij fujk'kk gh gkFk yxrh gSA ys[kd us viuh dgkuh ÞD;k ugha gks ldrkß esa bl leL;k dk fp=.k fd;k gSA tSl& s ^^D;k gkyr cuk j[kh gS ;s\ og ek;wl gks dj cksyk] HkkX; dks dkSu cny ldrk gS\ fdLer esa ;gh lc fy[kk gS u]rks dksbZ dj Hkh D;k ldrk gSA nl o"kksZa ls ukSdjh ds fy, nj&nj HkVd jgk gw¡A vkt rd lSd a M+kas baVjO;w ns pqdk gw¡ ijarq dgha Hkh rks-\ [kSj NksMk+ s rqe crkvks D;k gky gS rqEgkjk\** dey ,d csjkstxkj O;fä gSA ukSdjh dh ryk'k esa fiNys nl lky ls HkVd jgk gSA ukSdjh u feyus ds dkj.k os ek;wl vkSj detksj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc dey dk nksLr mlls feyus vkrk gS rks mls igpku ugha ikrk gSA dey viuh fdLer dks dkslrk jgrk gSA ys[kd us bl mnkgj.k esa ,d ,sls O;fä dk o.kZu fd;k gS tks csjkstxkjh ds dkj.k VwV pqdk gSA lekt esa O;fä csjkstxkj gksus ds dkj.k vius ifjokj dh lgh ns[kHkky ugha dj ikrk gSA ukSdjh u gksus ds dkj.k og Lo;a dks fu%lgk; eglwl djrk gSA ys[kd us viuh ^^cl ,d gh bPNk** dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ^^ckcw th esjs firk th [ksrh dk dke djrs gS]a eq>s vkxs i<+kus dh mudh fgEer ugha FkhA ,d lky ?kj esa [kkyh jgkA cgqr gkFk iSj ekjs dke dh ryk'k es]a fdarq dqN u feykA ge pkj HkkbZ cgu gSAa ,d cgu cM+h gS mldh vHkh rd 'kknh Hkh ugha gqbAZ fdruh dksf'k'k djrs gSa ijarq xjhc yksx gSa u] dkSu ilan djrk gS xjhc dh csVh dks\ nks HkkbZ Ldwy i<+us tkrs gSAa firk th dh bPNk Fkh fd eSa fdlh vPNh ukSdjh esa yx tkÅ¡ vkSj dqN iSlk dekdj cgu dh 'kknh djok nw¡A mUgsa D;k irk fd eSa ;gk¡ fdl fLFkfr esa gw¡A** foØe dk tUe ,d xjhc ifjokj esa gqvk gSA mlds firk th fdlku gS]a mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr Bhd u gksud s s dkj.k mls viuh f'k{kk chp esa gh jksduh iM+h FkhA bl dkj.k og vf/kd i<+ ugha ldk

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FkkA vf/kd i<+k fy[kk u gksus ds dkj.k foØe dks dgha Hkh ukSdjh ugha feyrh gSA mlds nks HkkbZ gSa fdarq os mlls NksVs gSAa blfy, cgu dh 'kknh dh ftEesnkjh foØe ij gh gSA fdarq ukSdjh u feyus ds dkj.k og dqN Hkh ugha dj ikrk gSAa ys[kd us ,d csjkstxj O;fä dh etcwjh dks n'kkZ;k gSA ukSdjh u feyus ds dkj.k ;qok ih<+h ds LoHkko esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA mldk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gks tkrk gSA vkSj og gj iy vkanksyu djus ds fy, cspuS jgrk gSA ys[kd us ^^D;k ugha gks ldrk** dgkuh esa bl leL;k dks n'kkZ;k gSA tSl& s ^^;kj! eSa rks vc lc csjkstxkjksa dks ysdj vkanksyu djus okyk gwA¡ ;gk¡ rks ukSdjh ds ykys iM+ jgs gSa vkSj rqe fe;k¡&chch nksuksa dks ukSdjh\** dey nl o"kksZa ls ukSdjh ds fy, baVjO;w ns jgk FkkA og ns'k ds lkjs csjkstxkj yksxksa dh fLFkfr dks le> ldrk Fkk D;ksfa d og Hkh blh fLFkfr ls xqtj jgk FkkA blfy, og lkjs csjkstxkjksa dks ysdj vkanksyu djuk pkgrk FkkA dey dh bPNk Fkh fd bl vkanksyu ls csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dk lek/kku fudysA ys[kd us csjkstxkj O;fä dh euksn'kk dks O;ä fd;k gSA euq"; dks vius ifjokj dks ikyus ds fy, jksVh] diM+k vkSj edku pkfg,A euq"; ds thou esa dqN ,slh leL;k,¡ vkrh gSa ftuds dkj.k ?kj] tehu lc dqN cspuk iM+rk gSA ys[kd us ^^ubZ ftanxh** dgkuh esa thou ds blh dVq lR; dk ;FkkFkZ fp= [khapk gSA tSl& s ^^mls yxk tSls og Lo;a gh lM+d ij nks&nks cPpksa ds lkFk iM+k gks vkSj bl ihM+k dks Lo;a gh >sy jgk gksA rqeus bu cPpksa dks vukFkkJe esa D;ksa ugha Mky fn;k] dqN rks ns[k&js[k gksrh budh\ lkgc thrs&th dSls budks vukFk cukÅ¡\ dbZ ckj lkspk fdarq eu us xokgh ugha nhA dqN yksxksa us dgk fd ljdkj bl le; xjhcksa dks enn ns jgh gSA gkFk tksM& + tksMd + j Fkd x;k] dbZ vftZ;k¡ fy[kha ijarq ljdkj ds dkuksa esa t¡w rd ugha jsx a hA vc vki gh crkb, fd bl lalkj esa eq> cnfdLer ls Hkh c<+dj dkSu xjhc gksxk\** vehjnkl ,d ljdkjh dk;kZy; esa DydZ ds in ij dk;Z djrk FkkA vpkud mldh iRuh dk LokLF; [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k mls viuk lc dqN cspuk iM+rk gSA tehu] tk;nkn vkfn lHkh dks iRuh ds vPNs bykt ds fy, csp nsrk gS] mldh ukSdjh Hkh pyh tkrh gSA og lksprk gS fd vxj esjs ikl ukSdjh gksrh rks ,sls fnu u ns[kus iM+rAs var esa fu"d"kZ ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ys[kd us viuh dgkfu;ksa esa csjkstxkjh ls mRiUu gksus okyh leL;kvksa dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k fd;k gS vkSj bl leL;k ls tw>rs yksxksa dh euksn'kk dk ekfeZd o.kZu fd;k gSA

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fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ & vatq"kk pkSgku thou thus ds fy, L=h dks iq#’k dh] iq#"k dks L=h dh rFkk nksuksa dks ifjoj clkus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nksuksa ,d nwljs ds fcuk v/kwjs gSa vkSj ifjokj bu nksuksa ds feyu ls gh curk gSA ifjokj esa nksuksa ,d nwljs ds nq[k dks ck¡V ysrs gSa vkSj [kqf'k;ksa dk R;ksgkj eukrs gSAa nksuksa viuh lw>&cw> ls lkjh ijs'kkuh nwj dj ysrs gSAa blfy, dgk Hkh x;k gS fd L=h vkSj iq#"k ifjokj :ih xkM+h ds nks ifg, gSAa ns[kk gS fd tks ifjokj dsoy iq#"k ç/kku gksrs gSa ogk¡ [kqf'k;k¡ ges'kk ugha jgrhaA ;g Hkh ekuk x;k gS fd ftl ifjokj esa L=h dk gh cksyckyk gksrk gS ogk¡ ?kj iwjh rjg LoxZ dh ifjHkk"kk ugha n'kkZrk gSA L=h&iq#"k tgk¡ feydj ,d lkFk viuk thou ;kiu djrs gSa mlh ifjokj esa [kq'kgkyh igjk nsrh gS] cPpksa dks vPNs laLdkj feyrs gSAa dgkfu;ksa esa L=h vkSj iq#"k ds bu lacèkksa rFkk muds vkilh O;ogkj dk ;FkkFkZ fp=.k feyrk gSA dgkuh lekt dk niZ.k gS og gesa ogh crkrh gS tks gekjs lekt esa ?kVrk gSA dgha L=h iq#"k ds lac/a k e/kqj gksrs gSa rks dgha ^dQu* dgkuh dh rjg ls vekuqf"kd Hkh cu tkrs gSa tgk¡ gksus okys cPps dh ek¡ ls gh iq#’k NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrk gSA ^dQu* dgkuh esa çsepan us lekt esa ?kV jgh ?kVukvksa dk fp=.k c[kwch fd;k gSA ek/ko us viuh iRuh dh lsok Hkh ugha dh( iRuh fpYyk dj ej xbZA tc ?khlw us dgk& ^ekywe gksrk gS cpsxh ugha tk tkdj ns[k vk rks ek/ko us xqLls esa vkdj dgk fd ^^ejuk gh gS rks tYnh ej tk, ns[kdj D;k d:¡A**1 ek/ko vkSj ?khlw ds bl cjrko ls ç”kLr gksrk gS fd cqf/k;k dh D;k txg Fkh] muds ?kj esAa lekt esa L=h dh ;g n'kk dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gS] ?khlw vkSj ek/ko dh lksp gh ,slh FkhA tc ls ;g vkSjr vkbZ Fkh mlus [kkunku esa O;oLFkk dh uhao Mkyh FkhA ?kj] ?kj tSlk yxus yxk FkkA filkbZ djds ;k ?kkl ykdj og lsj Hkj vkVs dk bartke dj ysrh Fkh vkSj bu nksuksa csxjS rksa dk isV Hkjrh FkhA vkt tc mls vius ifr ds lkFk dh vkSj llqj ds viuRo dh vko';drk gS rks os nksuksa mldh mis{kk djds ckrsa cuk jgs gSAa 2 ^xny* ¼jkax;s jk?ko½ esa Hkh n”kkZ;k x;k gS fd tc L=h&iq#"k dqN vyx lksprs gSa rks mudk ifjokj fdl rjg fc[kj tkrk gSA xny ,d fo/kok gSA tc mldk fookg gqvk Fkk rc og cgqr NksVh FkhA ijarq tc og fo/kok gks xbZ rc Hkh mlus fgEer ugha gkjh vkSj vius thou ds la?k"kZ dks vdsys gh dkVus yxhA dgha u dgha mlds eu esa pkg Fkh fd mldk nsoj mldk lkFk ns iajrq ,slk gqvk ughaA og lekt vkSj viuh mez ds vkxs gkj x;k FkkA xny us vius cPpks dks eqlhcrksa ls ikyk FkkA tc og viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls eqä gks xbZ rc mlus FkksMh+ vius fy, [kq'kh pkgh ijarq ?kj esa csV& s cgw dks og ckr jkl ugha vkbZ vkSj os mlds lkFk cqjk O;ogkj djus yxsA cgw mls xkfy;k¡ rd nsus yxh ^^rq>s 'kje ugha vkrh] xnyA**3 ,sls 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gksus

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yxkA ifjokj esa dyg Dys'k gksus yxsA euq"; ds fy, ifjokj ,slk LFkku gS] tgk¡ og viuh Fkdku feVkrk gS vkSj vius nq[k&nnZ dks nwj djrk gSA ikfjokfjd lq[k u feyus ij euq"; dh ftanxh vk/kh gks tkrh gSA fnu Hkj og fdruk Hkh dke djs ij tc og Fkd gkj dj ?kj esa vkrk gS] vius cPpksa ds lkFk g¡lrk&[ksyrk gS rks mldh lkjh Fkdku dgha ekuks [kks tkrh gSA og vius lkjs nq[kksa dks Hkqyk nsrk gSA ;g ,d lPpkbZ gS fd ifjokj ges'kk lq[k gh ugha dHkh&dHkh dk¡Vks& a lk nnZ Hkh nsrk gSA tc ifjokj ds yksxksa esa le>nkjh de gksrh gS rc ifjokj cgqr fnuksa rd ugha pyrk gS vkSj og ifjokj VwV tkrk gSA xny dk ifjokj Hkh ,slk gh ifjokj gSA ifjokj esa dyg&Dys'k iM+k jgrk gSA dksbZ fdlh dh lqurk ugha gSA ,d nwljs ij vkjksi yxkrs jgrs gSAa vkjksi yxkus ds i'pkr Hkh dgha u dgha os ,d fj'rs esa ca/ks gSAa ,d nwljs ds nnZ dks le>rs gSAa tSls ^^'kke gks xbZ FkhA ekSuh ckgj cSBk FkkA xny us xje pVuh vkSj vke dh jksVh [kkus dks nhA**4 xny dks ekSuh dh fpark Fkh rHkh rks mlus dgk fd ^^rqe ,d vkSj C;kg D;ksa ugha dj ysrAs ** ,d vkSj lp fNik Fkk bl ifjokj esa tSl& s ^^xny g¡lh] >u>ukrh gqbZ g¡lh]** ^^nsoj rks esjk rw vxys tUe esa Hkh jgsxkA ogh eq>ls #[kkbZ fn[kkrk] rks D;k og ik¡o dVs fcuk ml nsgyh ls ckgj fudy ldrh Fkh\ mlus eq>ls eu Qsjk eSua s mllsA eSua s ,slk cnyk fy;k mllsA** bl dFku ls ;g çrhr gksrk gS fd xny vanj ls VwV xbZ FkhA rHkh rks tc og iVsy ds ;gk¡ igq¡ph rc iVsy ds iwNus ij mlus dgk Fkk& ^^tc NksVh Fkh rc esjk nsoj yV~B ck¡/k esjs [kle ds lkFk vk;k FkkA blh ds gkFk ns[krh jg xbZ Fkh eSa rksA lkspk Fkk] ejn gS] bldh Nrj Nk;k esa th yw¡xhA crkvks] iVsy ogh Fkk tks xny ds ifr ds ejus ds ckn mls j[k ldkA ejrs&ejrs xny us crk gh fn;k fd ,d gh ifjokj esa jgdj og ges'kk vius nsoj ds ikl Fkh vkSj ejrs&ejrs Hkh mlds eq¡g ij g¡lh FkhA ftruh eqf'dy ifjokj cukus esa gksrh gS mlls dgha vf/kd eqf'dy ifjokj pykus esa gksrh gS vFkkZr ifjokj dks tksMs+ j[kus esa gksrh gSA ^mldh jksVh* ¼eksgu jkds'k½ esa ifjokj dh lPpkbZ n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA crk;k x;k gS fd ifr&iRuh ,d xkM+h ds ifg, gSa ftuds fcuk xkM+h pyuk laHkao ugha gSA iRuh vius ifr dk fnu jkr [+k;ky j[krh gS] ifr ;fn ukjkt Hkh gks tk; rks Hkh mldk [+k;ky mlh rjg ls j[krh gSA bl dgkuh esa ckyks fnu jkr vius ifr dks lEeku nsrh gS] fnu Hkj mldk bratkj djrh gS] og nsjh ls vkus dh ltk vius vki dks nsrh gS D;ksfa d og FkksMh+ nsjh ls vkbZ Fkh vkSj lqPpk flag dh cl fudy xbZ FkhA bldk ftEesnkj og vius vki dks gh le>rh gSA lqPpk tc nksigj dks vk;k rc mlus xqLls ls jksVh ugha yhA ckyks dks cqjk yxus dh ctk; og viuh xyrh eku jgh FkhA blfy, mlus nksigj ls 'kke rd vkSj 'kke ls jkr rd mldk bratkj fd;kA mlds iSj Fkd x, Fks ysfdu og Vl ls el ugha gqbAZ vkf[kj esa cl vkbZ vkSj lqPpk us jksVh ys yhA ckyks cgqr [kq'k Fkh D;ksfa d mlus eaxyokj dks vkus dk oknk tks ys fy;k FkkA lqPpk viuh iRuh ds I;kj ds vkxs >qd x;k FkkA og le> x;k Fkk fd og mldk 237@ ladYiuk 237@la

lPpk I;kj gSA mldk xqLlk\ vpkud cknyksa ds Hkhrj tc pk¡n Nqi tkrk gS mlh rjg mldk xqLlk Hkh dgha fNi x;k FkkA ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* ¼vejdkar½ esa ifjokj dk ;FkkFkZ utj vkrk gS fd lc ,d lkFk nksigj dk Hkkstu ugha [kk jgs gSa ijarq rhuksa Hkkb;ksa rFkk cki&lHkh ,d nwljs ds fo"k; esa iwN jgs gSAa ,d nwljs dh bTtr dj jgs gSAa mUgsa fpark gS fd ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa us Hkkstu fd;k ;k ughaA ek¡ mUgsa tcjnLrh Hkkstu nsrh gSA vkSj dgrh gS fd rqEgkjs cM+s HkkbZ us bruh jksVh [kkbZ rqEgsa Hkh [kkuh iM+x s hA5 ysfdu ;gk¡ ij ;FkkFkZ vkSj fcMacuk gS fd ifjokj ds lc lnL; ;g tkurs gSa fd vU; lnL; ds fy, Hkkstu ugha gS] fQj Hkh ekSu jgrs gSAa ifjokj dh ifjHkk"kk esa ;g gksrk gS fd tgk¡ ,d nwljs dh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku feyrk gS og ,d ifjokj gksrk gS ijarq ek/ko rks lksp jgk Fkk fd mldh iRuh dy ejrh gks rks vkt ej tk,A nksuksa cki&csVksa dks rks cl [kkus dh iM+h gSA6 bl çdkj ys[kd us ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ dh Øwjrk dks lkeus j[kkA Hkkjrh; ifjokj O;oLFkk iq#"kopZLooknh O;oLFkk gSA ?kjksa esa fL=;k¡ Hkh iq#"kksa dks mPp LFkku çnku djrh gSAa ?kj ds eqf[k;k iq#"k gh gksrs gSAa fL=;ksa ls lykg ysuk rd os viuh 'kku ds f[kykQ le>rs gSAa iq#"kksa dks yxrk gS fd os dek,¡ ;k u dek,¡ fdarq ?kj ds eqf[k;k os gh gS]a ;g ije lR; gS bldks leLr ifjokj dks viukuk gh iM+x s kA fganh dgkfu;k¡ bl ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ dk lgh çfrfcac çLrqr djrh gSAa ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* ¼vejdkar½ esa ;gh rks crk;k gS fd iq#"k oxZ ?kj dh fpark ls eqä gSA dsoy ek¡ lcdh fpark ls O;kdqy gSA og lcdk [+k;ky Hkh j[krh gS vkSj ?kj dh fparkvksa esa Mwch gqbZ Hkh gSA NksVk csVk chekj gSA ifr ds ikl dksbZ dke ughaA og vc Hkh dke dh ryk'k esa bèkj&m/kj HkVd jgk gSA nksuksa toku csVksa dk dksbZ lgkjk ugha] mudk dksbZ vrk&irk ughaA os viuh nqfu;k esa dgh [kks, gq, FksA ysfdu ek¡ fQj Hkh viuk drZO; fuHkkrh FkhA le;≤ ij lcdk [+k;ky j[krh Fkh ijarq [kqn ikuh ds uke ij vk¡lw ds ?kw¡V gh ih jgh FkhA ifjokj esa iq#"k }kjk nkf;Roiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds fuokZg esa dksrkgh dks ;g dgkuh Hkyh çdkj lkeus ykrh gSA blh çdkj ^dQu* dgkuh esa crk;k x;k gS fd ?kj dh efgyk çlo ihM+k ls rM+i jgh gS] tksj&tksj ls fpYyk jgh gS ijarq ?kj ds iq#"k mlds nnZ dks ck¡V ugha jgs gSa cfYd ;g çkFkkZuk dj jgs gSa fd dy ejrh gks rks vkt gh ej tk, vkSj os mldh ftEesnkjh ls eqä gks tk,¡A vkt os cki csVs ftldh ftEesnkjh ls eqä gksuk pkgrs gSa mlh us ?kj esa vkdj lkjh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks viuk fy;k FkkA vr% iq#"k dh Hkwfedk detksj gh n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA os viuk QtZ fuHkkus esa pwd jgs gSAa vHkko dgsa ;k fd viuk drZO; Hkwy x, gSAa 'kk;n os pkgrs rks cqf/k;k cp ldrh FkhA ifjokj esa iq#"k dh Hkwfedk cgqr gh etcwr gksuh pkfg, tSls fd ^iktsc* dgkuh esa uSjVs j firk dhA tc mUgsa eqUuh dh iktsc xqe gks tkus dk irk pyk rks mUgksua s cgqr gh /kS;Z ls iwNrkN dh vkSj fdlh dks nq[k Hkh ugha

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igq¡pk;kA îjk;k lq[k* dgkuh esa lsBh us cgqr /ku dek;kA mls vc /ku dekus dh ykylk ugha gSA /ku dekus dk lq[k og ik pqdk gS] vc ifjokj clkuk pkgrk gSA nwljh vksj ccyw vkSj mldh ek¡ vkfFkZd raxh >sy jgs gSa D;ksfa d ccyw ds firk dh vk; cgqr de gSA lsBh dks tc lc dqN irk pyk rks mlus nkSyr ccyw ds uke dj nhA7 bl çdkj lsBh us ifjokj dk eqf[k;k u gksrs gq, Hkh rnuq:i drZO; dk fuokZg fd;kA drZO; fuHkkuk bruk vklku ugha gksrk ysfdu lsBh us ,d {k.k Hkh ugha yxk;k ccyw ds çfr viuk QtZ fuHkkus ds fy,A dkj.k pkgs dksbZ Hkh gks ijarq mlus vius fny dh ckr lquh vkSj mlds fny esa dsoy ,d usd Hkkouk vkbZA Hkkjrh; ifjokj O;oLFkk esa L=h dk LFkku iq#"k dh rqyuk esa n~forh;d ekuk tkrk gSA og] firk] HkkbZ] ifr ;k iq= ds laj{k.k esa jgus ds fy, foo'k gksrh gS rFkk vius ifjokj ds lacèa k esa fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, Hkh v{ke jgrh gSA ifr ds fy, ru&eu lc dqN U;kSNkoj dj nsrh gSA cPps viuh tax thrus ds fy, ek¡ dks eksgjk cukrs gSAa vius tk;s cPpksa ls og gkj tkrh gSA iq#"k oxZ L=h dks vktknh nsus ls Mjrk gSA ^xny* ¼jkax;s jk?ko½ dgkuh esa L=h dh tks ihM+k fn[kkbZ xbZ gS og gekjs lekt esa fdrus gh ?kjksa dh fL=;ksa esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vkSjr gh vkSjr dh nq'eu gksrh gS bldk çek.k Hkh bl dgkuh esa gSA xny dh cgw vkSj tsBkuh nksuksa mlds nq'eu cu x, FksA mldh ihM+k D;k gS] mldh pkgr D;k gS] dksbZ mls le> ugha jgk FkkA Lo;a mldk csVk Hkh mlds fo#) FkkA ;Fkk] fugky fpYyk;k fd ^^lqu ys ijesljq h tx galkbZ gks jgh gSA [kkfj;ksa dh rks rwus ukd dVk NksMh+ A**8 xny viuh [kqf'k;ksa dks [kkstus ds fy, ifr ds ejus ds i'pkr ,d ykSgkjs xwtj ds ;gk¡ cSB xbZA vc og gkj eku pqdh FkhA xny vius nsoj ls dqN mEehn yxkdj cSBh Fkh D;ksfa d b/kj mldk ifr ej x;k Fkk m/kj mldh nsojkuhA mls yxrk Fkk fd MksMh 'kk;n mls viuk ysxk ijarq ,slk gqvk ughaA ,d ckj xny viuh tsBkuh ls dg cSBh ^ôkg tsBkuh iqjkus ejn dk eksy u;s ejn ls rsjs ?kj dh cS;j gh pqdokrh gksxhA xny rks ekyfdu cu dj jgrh gSA**9 blls ;g Hkh çrhr gksrk gS fd ,d L=h dks ru&lq[k ds lkFk lEekutud LFkku dh Hkh t:jr gksrh gSA ^rhljh dle* dgkuh esa ghjkckbZ xk¡o&xk¡o ?kwe dj ukSVa dh djrh gSA yksx mlls viuk eu cgyk ysrs Fks clA dksbZ mls le> ugha ik;k FkkA ghjkeu ,d xkM+hoku FkkA og mls og bTtr nsrk gS tks ,d efgyk dks lekt esa feyuh pkfg,A ghjkckbZ eu dh lkQ] ru Hkh lkQ! ysfdu lekt us mls dsoy ûkSVd a h djus okyh ,d vkSjr dk eku fn;k gSA*10 ml vkSjr dks viuk lq[k eukus dk viuk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA blh rjg ls ^mldh jksVh* dgkuh esa ,d efgyk dk fp=.k gS tks viuh xyrh ekurh gS tcfd mldh dksbZ xyrh ugha gSA og rks vius ifr dks vius gkFkksa ls cuk vkSj ?kj dk Hkkstu f[kykuk pkgrh gSA ysfdu mlds ifr dk eq¡g lh/kk ugha gksrkA og vius ifr gksus dk Qk;nk mBkrk gS vkSj iRuh ls lh/ks eqg¡ ckr Hkh ugha djrkA ckyks iwjk fnu mldk bartkj djrh gS ijarq mldk ifr lkeus gksrs gq, Hkh mldk [kkuk Lohdkj ugha djrkA11 239@ ladYiuk 239@la

vkSjrksa dh dgkuh gjsd ?kj esa ,d leku gksrh gSA vkSjr yqVus dks rS;kj vkSj nwljs mls ywVus dks rS;kjA og ges'kk gh n;uh; fLFkfr esa gksrh gSA vkneh blh ckr dk Qk;nk mBkrk gS fd ;g vkSjr gh tc bl tky ls fudyuk ugha pkgrh rks eq>s D;k\ eSa rks viuk Qk;nk mBkÅ¡xk] viuk dke fudkyw¡xkA ^dQu^ esa cqf/k;k ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gS fd tc ls ;g vkSjr vkbZ Fkh de ls de [kkus dk bartke rks dj ysrh FkhA dSls Hkh [kkuk rks feyrk FkkA og fdl rjg ls [kkus dk bartke djrh Fkh ;g Hkh os tkuuk ugha pkgrs FksA cqf/k;k viuk drZO; fuHkkuk tkurh FkhA ;fn og ,slk u djrh rks ?kj dh n'kk D;k gksrh og tkurh Fkh D;ksfa d ?kj ds nksuksa enZ rks csxjS r] vkylh vkSj xanh lksp j[kus okys FksA mUgksua s ?kj dh vkSjr dh j{kk rks nwj mlds nnZ dks eglwl rd ugha fd;kA cqf/k;k ds ejus ds i'pkr mu nksuksa us mlds dQu ds #i;ksa ls ekSt eLrh dhA os ml vkSjr ds fy, ,d dQu rd Hkh u ns ik, ftlus mudh lsok Vgy djrs gq, tku rd ns nhA ^nksigj dk Hkkstu* Hkh ,d ,slh dFkk gS tks 'kk;n gj ?kj dh dgkuh gSA ,d vkSjr lcdk [+k;ky j[krh gS fdarq og viuk [+k;ky ugha j[k ikrh gS mls rks ikuh ihus dh lq/k ugha jgrh gSA12 flís'ojh ds ?kj dh gkyr Bhd ugha FkhA [kkus ds Hkh ykys iM+us yxs FksA ysfdu mlus viuk drZO; ugha NksMk+ A vpkud I;kl yxus ij mlus ikuh fi;k ysfdu [kkyh isV gksus ds dkj.k dysts esa yx x;k vkSj og gk; jke djds ogha tehu ij ysV xbZA13 ;gk¡ ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd D;k okLro esa L=h mruh gh n;uh; fLFkfr esa gS ftruh fd bu dgkfu;ksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vkSjr ges'kk vius ifjokj dh HkykbZ ds ckjs esa gh lksprh gSA fookg ds i'pkr tks çse mls ugha fey ik;k Fkk ml çse dks Hkh og Hkwy tkrh gS D;ksa fd blh esa og lcdh HkykbZ le>rh gSA lc dqN vius ifjokj ij dqckZu dj nsrh gSA tSls ^mlus dgk Fkk* dgkuh esa lwcns kjuh cpiu esa gh fdlh ls feyh vkSj yguk flag ds çfr dksey dyh eu esa f[kyh vkSj yguk Hkh mls ilan djrk Fkk ysfdu dS”kkS;Z dk vkd’kZ.k og ogha lekIr gks x;k vkSj lwcns kjuh o"kksZa ds ckn yguk flag ls feyhA rc Hkh mlus viuh dksbZ ckr ugha dhA mls dsoy vius csVs vkSj ifr dh fpark Fkh blfy, mlus mu nksuksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh izkFkZuk dhA cpiu esa tks viukiu yguk us fn[kk;k Fkk og lc lwcns kjuh us mls ;kn fnyk;k vkSj mlds lkeus vk¡py ilkjus yxhA14 vkSjr ds thou dk ;gh ;FkkFkZ gS fd og fujarj vius ifjokj dh dq'kyrk dh gh fpark djrh gSA L=h vkSj iq#"k ds thou dk lcls lq[kn vuqHko çse dk vuqHko gksrk gSA L=h&iq#"k ds feyu dh lkekftd O;oLFkk fookg ds }kjk dh tkrh gSA vktdy ds yksx çse igys djrs gSa vkSj fookg ckn esAa çse tc fdlh ds thou esa vkrk gS rks og lkrosa vkleku esa mM+rk gSA fookg gksus ds i'pkr L=h dks iq#"k rFkk iq#"k dks L=h ds vykok dksbZ vkSj utj ugha vkrkA izes dky esa mUgsa ,d nwljs ds Hkhrj dksbZ deh utj ugha vkrh exj fookg ds dqN le; i'pkr mUgsa ,d nwljs esa dsoy dfe;k¡ gh utj vkrh gSAa bldk 240@ ladYiuk 240@la

dkj.k gS ijLij çse dk de gksukA blfy, fookgsÙkj lac/a kksa dh 'kq:vkr gksrh gSA ysfdu ijLij lac/a k cuk jgs rks çse drZO;cksèk ds lkFk tqMd + j mnkÙk cu tkrk gSA ^mlus dgk Fkk* dgkuh esa yguk flag cpiu ls gh fdlh dks ilan djus yxk FkkA eu gh eu esa fdlh dks viuk cuk cSBk Fkk ijarq mls D;k irk Fkk fd og fdlh vkSj dh vekur gSA yguk ds thou esa og nksckjk vkbZ ijarq rc yguk viuh ftanxh ds nksjkgs ij [kM+k Fkk lwcns kjuh vkSj yguk flag ,d nwljs dks igpku ysrs gSAa lwcns kjuh vius csVs vkSj ifr dh j{kk djus dk Hkkj yguk flag dks lkSia rh gS vkSj yguk flag blds fy, viuh tku dh ckth yxk nsrk gSA15 ^dQu* dgkuh esa çse rks utj ugha vk;k] fookg vkSj mlds i'pkr ifr&iRuh dk gky c[kwch lkeus vk;k gSA cqf/k;k us fookg esa [kkbZ dlesa iwjh rjg ls fuHkkbZA og ges'kk ifjokj ds fo"k; esa gh lksprh jgh vkSj [kkus&ihus dh O;oLFkk djrh jghA ijarq mlds llqj vkSj thou Hkj dk lkFk fuHkkus ds fy, dle [kkus okyk ifr mldh çlo ihM+k lqu Hkh ugha ik jgs FksA mlds ifr us fookg ds ckn fookg ds ,d Hkh drZO; dks ugha fuHkk;kA16 ifr&iRuh ,d nwljs ds nq[k dks Hkh u le> ik,¡ rks ,slk fookg fdl dke dkA ^ijk;k lq[k* dgkuh ;'kiky }kjk jfpr gSA mUgksua s ,d ,sls çse dks n'kkZ;k gS tks /ku ls larI` r gksus ds ckn ikfjokfjd çse vkSj larks"k dh ryk'k esa gSA ^mlus dgk Fkk* dh rjg ;gk¡ Hkh çse dk mnkÙk :i nf'kZr gS D;ksfa d çse ik= dks çkIr u dj ikrs gq, Hkh dFkkuk;d mlds csVs dks viuh laifÙk nsus dk fu.kZ; ysrk gSA ;g Hkh lR; gS fd felst enu vius ifr ds lkFk lq[kh FkhaA muds lac/a k vius ifr ds lkFk cgqr xgjs FksA ,d iy mUgsa yxk fd og vius jkLrs ls HkVd tk,¡xh] og vyx jkLrs ij pyh tk,¡xh ijarq mudk çse bruk detksj ugha FkkA mUgksua s vius vkidks la;e esa j[kk vkSj ifr ds lkFk xgjs lac/a kksa us mUgsa cpk fy;kA lsBh us dgk ^^rch;r ugha gksrh bl caxys dks NksMd + j tkus dhA** mfeZyk us d#.k –f"V ls lsBh dks ns[kk vkSj vk¡[ksa >qdk yhaA 'kCn u FksA mlus ifr ik;k Fkk ijarq ,slh mnkjrk] la;e vkSj vuqjkx u ns[kk FkkA mldk jkse&jkse iqdkjuk pkgrk Fkk& rqe mnkj gks] egku gks ijarq ftàk can FkhA L=h dh ges'kk gkj gksrh gS tc ml ij vkØe.k gksrk gS rc Hkh vkSj tc mls iukg nh tkrh gS rc HkhA17 ^xny* dgkuh esa xny dk ifr ej tkrk gS vc og vdsyh gSA cPps] cgw lHkh vius ifjokj ds lkFk lq[kh gSAa ijarq xny vkSj mldk nsoj vius&vius Lrj ij vdsykiu >sy jgs FksA xny eu gh eu MksMh+ dks pkgus yxh Fkh vkSj MksMh HkhA exj txgalkbZ ds Mj ls og bl çse dh ngyht ikj ugha dj ik;k FkkA rHkh rks lUukVs esa MksMh us /khjs ls dgk] ^^xny** ^^D;k gS\** xny us gkSys ls dgk ^^rw pyh xbZ u\** xny us dgk& ,d fnu lc pys tkrs gSAa MksMh us dgk& tSls rw xbZ oSls dksbZ ugha tkrkA tx g¡lrk gS tkurh gSA xny us dgk ^^txgalkbZ ls ugha Mjrh nsojA rw lksprk gksxk fd xny dh mfej gks xbZ] vc bls [kle dh D;k t:jr gS] eSa vc viuh cgqvksa dh xqykeh ugha d:¡xhA vc dksbZ fdlh dh ijokg ugha djrk gSA MksMh dk xyk HkjkZ x;k

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vkSj mlus dgk ^^xny] eSa cqïk gw¡A Mjrk Fkk] tx g¡lx s kA csVs lkspx as ]s pkpk dk vEek ls igys ls gh ukrk gksxkA HkS;k dh cnukeh gksxh uA** xny us MksMh dh ,d u lquh vkSj og jksus yxhA18 lp gh çse mez dk eksgrkt ugha gksrkA ;g og lq[k gS ftldk vuqHko dHkh Hkh gks ldrk gSA ^rhljh dle* dgkuh esa ghjkeu dh viuh ,d dgkuh gSA ghjkeu dh Hkh 'kknh gqbZ Fkh] cpiu esa gh ghjkeu dh 'kknh djok nh xbZ FkhA nqygu xkSus ls igys gh ej xbZA ghjkeu dks viuh nqYgu dk psgjk rd ;kn ughaA nwljh 'kknh\ nwljh 'kknh u djus ds vusd dkj.k gSAa HkkHkh dh ftí Fkh fd dqo¡ kjh yM+dh ls gh 'kknh djokuk pkgrh FkhA dksbZ yM+dh okyk nks C;kgw dks viuh yM+dh xjt esa iM+us ij gh ns ldrk gSA HkkbZ ds vkxs HkkHkh dh ugha pyrh] mUgksua s tks lksp fy;k lksp fy;kA ghjkeu us r; dj fy;k fd og 'kknh ugha djsxkA19 bl lexz v/;;u ls Li’V gS fd fganh dgkfu;ksa esa ikfjokfjd ;FkkFkZ ds ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed fofo/k i{kksa dk lVhd] izHkkoh vkSj ekfeZd vadu gqvk gS tks dgkuhdkjksa ds xgu ;FkkFkZcks/k dk ifjpk;d gSA lanHkZ 1- çsepan] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 15 2- çsepan] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 5 3- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 67 4- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 65 5- vejdkar] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 200 6- çsepan] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 143 7- ;'kiky] ijk;k lq[k] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 6 8- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 67 9- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgfu;ka ¼ukeoj flag½ i`- 67] 68 10- Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq* rhljh dle] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`-87 11- eksgu jkds'k] mldh jksVh] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 173 12- vejdkar] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 201 13- vejdkar] nksigj dk Hkkstu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 202 14- paæ/kj “kekZ xqysjh] mlus dgk Fkk] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 12 15- paæ/kj “kekZ xqysjh] mlus dgk Fkk] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 12 16- çsepan] dQu] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 14 17- ijk;k lq[k] ;'kiky] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 63 18- jkaxs; jk?ko] xny] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 7 19- Q.kh'ojukFk ^js.kq*] rhljh dle] fganh dgkfu;k¡ ¼ukeoj flag½] i`- 89

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cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa ys[kdh; O;fäRo & ;w- lquhrk lk{kkRdkj ,slh lkfgfR;d fo/kk gS ftlesa dYiuk dh xqt a kb'k ugha gksrhA blds varxZr lk{kkRdkjdrkZ bl çdkj ds ç'u iwNrk gS fd lacksf/kr O;fä ds O;fäRo] thou] miyfCèk] la?k"kZ] fopkj vkSj ekufldrk ds fofo/k igyqvksa ds ;FkkFkZ ls ifjfpr gqvk tk ldsA M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkj laxgz ^esjs lk{kkRdkj* dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij muds O;fäRo vkSj thou ds ckjs esa vusd rF; Kkr gksrs gSAa M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds ys[kdh; O;fäRo ds fuekZ.k esa muds dk'khokl dk cM+k gkFk gSA os crkrs gSa ^mu fnuksa eSa dqN rqdcanh djrk FkkA ogk¡ ,d rsyx q q ,lksfl,'ku FkkA eSa mldk lgk;d lfpo FkkA vka/kz dk eq[; ioZ ^mxkfn* gSA geus lkspk fd bl volj ij fdlh i=dkj ;k laiknd dks v/;{krk ds fy, cqyk;k tk, rkfd gekjh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lHkh dks irk py ldsA blfy, geus iafMr deykifr f=ikBh dks vkeaf=r fd;kA lekjksg esa eSua s vka/kz ds ckjs esa crk;kA bl ij f=ikBh th us dgk&^jsìh th] vkidk oäO; rks cgqr vPNk FkkA ge pkgrs gSa fd ioZ&R;ksgkj dh vis{kk ogk¡ ds jhfr&fjokt ;k lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fy[kdj nhft,A* ;gk¡ ls muds ys[ku dks fn'kk feyuh vkjaHk gqbAZ blh çdkj ljksftuh uk;Mw ds fu/ku ij vk;ksftr J)katfy lHkk esa jsìh th us viuh dfork lqukbZ rks iqu% iafMr deykifr f=iBh us fy[kus dh çsj.kk nhA M‚- jsìh us ;g Hkh crk;k fd muds xq# iafMr xaxk/kj feJ us mUgsa ;g cks/k djk;k fd ^rqe dfork ls vPNk x| fy[k ldrs gksA vr% x| esa gh ç;kl djksA* xq#th ds bl okD; dks ea= eku os dfork NksMd + j x| dh vksj eqM+ x, vkSj fujarj x| fy[krs jgsA jsìh lnk mRlkfgr jgus okys çk.kh FksA ;g muds O;fäRo dh dqt a h gSA mudh igyh jpuk 1948 bZ- esa okjk.klh ls gh çdkf'kr gksus okys fganh lkIrkfgd i= ^xzke&lalkj* esa Nih FkhA mlds yxHkx iaæg chl fnu ckn ,d fnu mUgksua s ,d gksVy esa rsyx q q dh ,d ikf{kd if=dk ns[kh rks mudh çlUurk dk fBdkuk u jgkA dksbZ rsyx q q Hkk"kh O;fä 'kk;n ogk¡ if=dk NksM+ x;k FkkA ^gksVy ds eSut s j dh vuqefr ls eSa ml if=dk dks ysdj ?kj vk x;k vkSj mls iwjk i<+ x;kA i<+us ds ckn eq>s yxk fd blesa çdkf'kr dfri; jpukvksa ls vPNh jpuk eSa fy[k ldrk gwA¡ fQj D;k Fkk] mlh jkr dks tkxdj eSua s vius dejs esa ^yfyr dyk,¡* 'kh"kZd ,d ys[k rsyx q q esa fy[kk vkSj mls çdkf'kr gksus ds fy, eækl ls fudyus okyh ,d if=dk ^f=fyax* ¼ikf{kd½ dks Hkst fn;kA ,d eghus ds i'pkr~ eqfær gksdj og jpuk eq>s çkIr gqbAZ esjs ys[k dks i<+dj rsyx q q ds ,d fo[;kr lkfgR;dkj Jh çifrZukjk;.kk;qM Z q us ,d ç'kalkRed i= HkstkA rHkh ls çksRlkfgr gksdj eSa cjkcj fganh vkSj rsyx q q esa fy[kus yxk vkSj deksc's k ;g vkt rd tkjh gSA gk¡] ftrus lkfgR; dh jpuk eSua s fganh esa dh gS] mruk rsyx q q esa ugha dj ik;kA

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rsyx q q fganh nksuksa Hkk"kk,¡ esjs nks u;u ds leku gSa ftlds vkyksd esa esjh lkjLor lkèkuk çfrfcafcr gSA* bl dFku ls muds O;fäRo dh bl fo'ks"krk dk Hkh irk pyrk gS fd os rsyx q q vkSj fganh nksuksa dk leku lEeku djrs FksA dk'kh ds vfrfjä bykgkckn ds ifjos'k us Hkh M‚- jsìh ds ys[kdh; O;fäRo ds xBu esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ;s nks uxj laL—fr] jktuhfr] ,sfrgkfld vkSj /kkfeZd –f"V ls Hkh Hkkjrh; lekt esa vR;ar fof'k"V LFkku j[krs gSAa bu uxjksa esa mUgsa egkohj çlkn f}osnh ls ysdj iar] egknsoh] fujkyk] jkedqekj oekZ] gfjoa'k jk; cPpu] misæa ukFk ^v'd* bR;kfn pksVh ds lkfgR;dkjksa ls vijks{k vkSj ijks{k çsj.kk feyhA fdlh lkfgR;dkj ds fy, ;g r; djuk cM+k t:jh gksrk gS fd og D;k fy[ks] D;ksa fy[ks] dSls fy[ks vkSj fdlds fy, fy[ksA bl lac/a k esa M‚- jsìh crkrs gSa fd&^tc eSua s fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;k] ml le; esjs lkeus u dksbZ y{; Fkk vkSj u eq>s vius ys[kdh; drZO; dk cks/k gh FkkA D;ksfa d [kqn fy[kus dh çsj.kk gqbZ vkSj fy[kus dk vnE; mRlkg Hkh Fkk] eSa fy[krk x;kA tks jpuk,¡ eq>s fganh vkSj rsyx q q esa vPNh yxha] mudk eSa vuqokn djds Lrjh; i=&if=dkvksa esa çdkf'kr djkrk jgkA esjh –f"V ;gh jgh fd jpuk mÙke Js.kh dh gks vkSj ikBdksa ds fy, #fpdj gksus ds lkFk çsj.kknk;d o KkuoèkZd Hkh gksA laikndksa vkSj ikBdksa dks esjh jpuk,¡ vPNh yxha vkSj muls eq>s mRlkgoèkZd i= çkIr gksus yxsA eSa ,d vPNk ikBd Hkh FkkA fganh vkSj rsyx q q dh jpukvksa dk fu;fer :i ls v/;;u djrk FkkA ml le; eq>s dfri; jpuk,¡ Qhdh vkSj O;FkZ çrhr gksrh Fkha] rc eSua s tkuk vkSj vuqHko fd;k fd ;fn eSa Hkh bl çdkj dh vfgrdj vkSj fujFkZd jpuk,¡ d:¡ rks ikBdksa dks ykHk rks ugha gksxk cfYd mudk vewY; le; O;FkZ tk,xkA* bl çdkj mUgsa ys[kdh; drZO; dk cks/k gqvkA mUgsa yxk fd lekt vkSj ikBdksa ds çfr ys[kd dk viuk nkf;Ro gksrk gSA bl Hkkouk ls muds Hkhrj Kkuksn; gqvkA ^ml le; ls eSa tks Hkh jpuk djrk gw]¡ vius ys[kdh; nkf;Ro dks le> dj djrk gw¡ vkSj bl ckr dk [+k;ky j[krk gw¡ fd og jpuk ljy] ljl] Kkuo/kZd gksus ds lkFk&lkFk lkekftd nkf;Ro ls iw.kZ gksA ys[ku ds iwoZ eSa Lo;a vkRefo'ys"k.k djds ns[krk gw¡ fd ;g jpuk çdkf'kr gqbZ rks ikBdksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gks ldrh gSA* bl çdkj muds ys[kdh; O;fäRo esa Lok/;k;] drZO;cks/k rFkk vkRekoyksdu tSls mnkÙk xq.k lekfo"V gSAa ljyrk] lgtrk vkSj fujkfHkekurk ds xq.kksa ls laiUu M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dks vfr'k;ksfä iw.kZ ç'kalk ls ijgst gSA os crkrs gSa fd&^fdlh ys[kd us eq>s nf{k.k ds çsepan ds :i esa n'kkZus dk ç;kl fd;kA mUgksua s vfr mRlkg vkSj laHkor% esjs çfr fo'ks"k lkSgknZ ds dkj.k rqyuk djus dk ç;kl fd;kA eSa çsepan ds Lrj dks pkyhl&ipkl çfr'kr Hkh çkIr dj ldw¡ rks vius thou dks /kU; ekuwA¡ okLro esa nf{k.k ds çsepan dk 'kh"kZd i<+dj eq>s nq%[k gqvkA gk¡] ml ys[k esa of.kZr fo"k; esjs lkfgR; dk çfrfcac FkkA fdlh pksVh ds ys[kd ds lkFk vfr'k;ksfäiw.kZ rqyuk djuk eSa vPNk ugha le>rkA* blls muds 244@ ladYiuk 244@la

O;fäRo esa fufgr vgadkjghurk ds xq.k dk irk pyrk gSA M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds O;fäRo dh ,d cM+h fo'ks"krk gS&mudh jk"Vªh; psrukA os fganh i<+u& s fy[kus dh fn'kk esa jk"VªO;kih jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds fnuksa esa izoÙ` k gq, vkSj vius ys[ku dks tkrh; o jk"Vªh; vfLerk dk çrhd cukrs x,A os ekurs Fks fd jk"Vª ds fuekZ.k esa leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh lgHkkfxrk gksuh pkfg,A blls mudh jk"Vªh; psruk dk irk pyrk gSA os crkrs gSa fd& ^gekjh lkaL—frd fojklr us ,d gh vkn'kZ jk"Vª ds lEeq[k j[kk gS] og gS&fHkUurk esa ,drk ds n'kZu djukA vc lkfgfR;d vknku&çnku ds ek/;e ls leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa l`ftr ok³~e; dks vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/k djkuk vkSj leLr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkjLor izn;s dks fganh esa :ikarfjr djokdj Hkkjr dh Hkkjrh ds :i esa çfrf"Br djuk gekjk y{; gksuk pkfg,A* —rKrk dk vuqHko Hkh M‚- jsìh ds O;fDrRo dh cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA os çlUurkiwod Z crkrs gSa fd& ^eq>s fganh txr ds çdk'kdksa o laikndksa dk Lusg o vknj feykA* jsìh th dk ys[ku fujk”kkoknh ugha FkkA os dgrs gSa fd&^,slk dksbZ Hkh O;fä tks lekt dks çHkkfor djrk gS] eq>s Hkh çHkkfor djrk gSA esjs lkspus dk <ax esjs ys[ku esa çR;{k gks tkrk gSA eSa u gh yksxksa ij vius fparu dks vkjksfir djus esa fo'okl j[krk gw¡ vkSj u gh dksbZ fu.kZ; lqukuk ilan djrk gw¡A gj O;fä pyrs&pyrs ,d pkSjkgs ij igq¡prk gS] tgk¡ mls viuk ekxZ pquuk iM+rk gSA jkLrs esa ^lkbucksM*Z yxs gksrs gS]a ij thou ds ekxZ ij viuh jkg [kqn pquuh iM+rh gSA tks lgh iFk ij ix /kjrk gS og Bhd y{; ij igq¡p tkrk gSA* viuh ys[kdh; NViVkgV ds ckjs esa mudk dguk Fkk& ^vuqHko dh rhozrk ds dkj.k esjs vanj ,d NViVkgV iSnk gks tkrh gSA esjs gkFk dFkk dk ,d cht gksrk gS] mls igys ij[krk gwA¡ mldh {kerk dks tk¡prk gw¡ fd og O;kid gks ik,xk ;k ughaA fQj v/;k;ksa esa foHkkftr djrk gw¡A pkj&ik¡p eghus ik=ksa o ?kVukvksa ds LokHkkfod xqQ a u esa eu ls yx tkrk gw¡A rc tkdj dke 'kq: djrk gw¡A nsgkrh gw¡( eu dh ckr lh/ks miU;klksa esa çdV dj nsrk gw¡A* dYiuk'khyrk Hkh jsìh th dk O;fäRoxr xq.k gSA cpiu esa os dbZ lius ns[krs Fks] tks vuqHkwfr dk fØ;kRed :i /kkj.k djus ds iwoZ bl çdkj v–'; gks tkrs Fks] tSls vkdk'k esa fo|qr dh dkS/a k] iy Hkj ds fy, viuh vkHkk NksMd + j v–'; gks tkrh gSA ijarq tc os fo|k/;;u gsrq ç;kx dh vksj çLFkku dj jgs Fks] rc foa/;kpy lehiofrZuh çk—frd lq"kek dks ns[k mudk eu vfHkHkwr gqvk vkSj fulxZ dk ;g lkSna ;Z muds eu&çk.k esa lek x;kA ml æfor fLFkfr esa os fdlh vKkr dYiuktxr esa fopj.k djus yxs vkSj mldh çfrfØ;kRed Hkkouk,¡ dfork ds :i esa cfgxZr gqbAZ ;FkkFkZ vkSj dYiuk dk ;g lefUor :i muds lkfgR; dks vuqçkf.kr djrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

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M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dh jpuk/kfeZrk ds fodkl esa muds Lok/;k;] vuqHko] dYiukço.krk vkSj lkekftd&jk"Vªh; psruk dk egRiow.kZ ;ksx jgkA os crkrs gS]a ^jpuk,¡ i<+r& s i<+rs eu esa fopkj mBrs FksA ,slk D;ksa gS] oSlk D;ksa ugha( blh ls ys[ku mHkjkA u,&u, ç'u ys[ku ds fy, çsfjr djrs gSAa çsepan] çlkn vkSj fujkyk esjs fç; jpukdkj gSAa fo".kq çHkkdj ds dFkklkfgR; us çHkkfor fd;kA deys'oj dk ^fdrus ikfdLrku*] xksfoan feJ dk îk¡p vkaxuksa okyk ?kj*] fp=k eqnx ~ y dk ^vkok¡* vPNs yxsA fgeka'kq tks'kh dh dgkfu;k¡] jktsæa voLFkh dk dkyfparu] xaxkçlkn foey vkSj txnh'k prqonZs h dh dfork,¡ eq>s cgqr ilan gSAa ^dkek;uh* dks eSa loZJ"s B egkdkO; ekurk gw¡A fujkyk dh dfork,¡ Hkh mR—"V Js.kh dh gSAa * os ekurs gSa fd tc rd euq"; gS] l`tu dh çfØ;k pyrh jgsxhA eu dh ps"Vk,¡] O;Fkk,¡] g"kksYZ ykl QwVx as s ghA mUgsa vfHkO;ä djuk gh gksxkA l`tu dh O;Fkk] ihM+k] Lor% QwV iM+rh gSA ukS jl LokHkkfod fLFkfr;ksa o le; esa çdV gksrs gSAa çlax ds vuq:i lkfgR; viuk :i xzg.k djrk gSA mudh ekU;rk Fkh fd&^ys[kd dks thou ls tqMs+ lHkh fo"k;ksa dk çkFkfed Kku gksuk pkfg,A mls cgqr i<+uk pkfg,A ,slk u gksus ij lkfgR; ds [kkfjt gksus dk van's kk cuk jgsxkA* viuh ys[ku ;k=k ds fodkl ds ckjs esa M‚- jsìh crkrs gSa fd mudh igyh jpuk ^xzke lalkj* ^Hkzej* us çdkf'kr dhA mlds i'pkr ^vkt* esa rks fujarj çdkf'kr gksrh jgh gSA nf{k.k tkus ds i'pkr rsjg o"kksZa rd ^vkt* ds nf{k.k ds fo'ks"k laoknkrk jgsA os ckj ckj crkrs gSa fd&êSua s xka/kh th ls gLrk{kj ysdj fganh lh[khA* M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh ds lk{kkRdkjksa esa mudh jpuk/kfeZrk ds fodkl ds lac/a k esa fuEufyf[kr tkudkjh feyrh gS& ¼v½ ^fganh esa çkjaHk esa eSua s fuca/k vkSj dgkfu;k¡ fy[khA esjh jpuk,¡ vkt] jk"Vª Hkkjrh] vktdy] nf{k.k Hkkjr] fo'kky Hkkjr] /keZ;x q ] çokg] lqçHkkr] fganh çpkj lekpkj] vtark] uoHkkjr VkbEl esa çdkf'kr gqbZaA iqLrd :i esa esjh —fr îapke`r* lu~ 1954 esa fganh çpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn ls çdkf'kr gqbZA 1956 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds f'k{kk foHkkx us nks gtkj #i, rFkk mÙkj izns”k ljdkj us rhu lkS #i, dk iqjLdkj fn;kA laHkor% Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ;g çFke iqjLdkj ;kstuk FkhA esjs lkFk tSuæas dqekj th dks îki vkSj ujd* ds fy,] Jh Q.kh'ojukFk js.kq dks êSyk vk¡py* ds fy, rFkk f'konku flag pkSgku dks muds leh{kk xzFa k ds fy, iqjLdkj çkIr gq,A uoHkkjr VkbEl us nks d‚yeksa esa esjh iqLrd dh leh{kk îapke`r ls jk"VªHkkjrh dk vfHk"ksd* 'kh"kZd ls çdkf'kr dhA fcgkj jk"VªHkk"kk lEesyu ds eq[ki= us îapke`r* ij ,d laikndh; fVIi.kh çdkf'kr dhA M‚- gtkjh çlkn f}osnh] M‚- oklqnso”kj.k vxzoky bR;kfn us cgqr vPNh jk; nhA buds vfrfjä fganh rFkk rsyx q q i=ksa esa esjh vk'kk ds foijhr vR;ar ç'kalkRed leh{kk,¡ çdkf'kr

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gqbAZa vusd ikBdksa vkSj fo}kuksa us Hkh viuh ç'kalkRed çfrfØ;k O;ä dhA ,d çdkj ls eq>s fganh rFkk rsyqxq ds if=dk txr ;k ikBd oxZ esa Loh—fr feyh vkSj loZ= esjh igpku c<+hA* ¼vk½ ôkLro esa ^'kcjh* dh dFkkoLrq eSaus vius ,d fj'rsnkj ds fy, rS;kj dh FkhA ml le; eSua s okYehfd] rqylh] rfey] rsyx q q jkek;.kksa dk v/;;u fd;kA ^'kcj tkfr* vkt Hkh mÙkjka/kz rFkk e/; çns'k dh lhekorhZ cLrh esa fuokl djrh gSA fo'ks"kdj txnyiqj] cLrj ds {ks= esa oU; çkarksa esa 'kcj yksx fuokl djrs gSaA rsyqxq esa mu vkfnokfl;ksa dks ^'kcj* tkfr ls vfHkfgr djrs gSaA eSaus mu vkfnokfl;ksa ds thou] jgu&lgu bR;kfn ds ckjs esa i<+k] lquk] ppkZ dh] rc eSaus :ijs[kk rS;kj dhA eSaus ^'kcjh* dks vkfnokfl;ksa dh fe= ds :i esa çLrqr fd;kA vkfnoklh vf/kdrj taxyksa esa jgrs gSa vkSj vius Hkqtcy ij vk[ksV [ksydj thou thrs gSAa ^'kcjh* dks eSua s iq#"kksa ds çfr}anh ds :i esa çLrqr fd;kA mls vkfnokfl;ksa dk usr`Ro djus ds fy, çsfjr fd;k] ijarq ukjh dh dksey Hkkoukvksa dks Hkh mlds O;fäRo ds fodkl esa lgk;d çfrikfnr fd;kA thoui;arZ mls vius lekt ds vf/kdkj fyIlk dk Hkko j[kus okys míaM ;qodksa rFkk mPp oxZ ds yksxksa ds frjLdkj vkSj geys lgus iM+As bl la?k"kZ thou esa vius O;fäRo dk fodkl djrs gq, var esa ^'kcjh* vk/;kfRedrk dh vksj ço`Ùk gksrh gS vkSj ^jkek;.k* ds çlaxkuqlkj jke dks >wBs csj f[kykdj viuh Hkfä çnf'kZr djrh gSA blesa vf/kdka'k ?kVuk,¡ dYiuk&çlwr gS]a tks ;FkkFkZ dh èkjrh ij fufeZr gSAa eSaus bl miU;kl dks viuh ,d jpukRed i`"BHkwfe ij laHkkO; Hkfo"; dks – f"Vxr djrs gq, çLrqr fd;kA* ¼b½ **ydqek* vkSj ôhj dsljh* esjs nks çeq[k ,sfrgkfld miU;kl gSAa ^ydqek* jsìh ;qx ls lacfa èkr gS rks ôhj dsljh* fot;uxj lkezkT; lsA eSua s bu nksuksa dky[kaMksa dk lexz bfrgkl i<+ fy;k Fkk vkSj bl bfrgkl dh i`"BHkwfe ij jfpr miU;klksa dk v/;;u Hkh fd;k FkkA bls i<+us ds i'pkr eq>s yxk fd dqN ?kVuk,¡ ,slh gSa] tks çLrqr ugha gqbZ gSaA bfrgkl ds opZLo dks dk;e j[kus esa bu ?kVukvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA mu dky[kaMksa ds bfrgkl dk v/;;u djrs le; eq>s yxk fd ydqek tks ,d nsonklh dh iq=h gS] vn~Hkqr çfrHkk'kkyh urZdh gSA mlds u`R; esa Hkjreqfu }kjk ç.khr ukVî'kkL= esa of.kZr pkSalB dykvksa ls dgha vf/kd èoU;kRedrk gSA rc fQj eSaus u`R; lkfgR; lacaèkh tkudkjh çkIr djus ds fy, mlds fo'ks"kKksa ls ppkZ dj FkksMh+ lh çkFkfed tkudkjh çkIr dhA fQj viuh dYiuk rFkk vuqHkotU; Kku ds vk/kkj ij ml ik= dks :ikf;r fd;kA eSaus ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa dh iqf"V ds fy, nks&pkj ik=ksa dh l`f"V Hkh dh] tks dFkkoLrq esa fodkl ds lgk;d fl) gks xbZA gekjk orZeku gekjs çkphu bfrgkl

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dh lq–<+ fHkfÙk ij [kM+k gSA ¼bZ½ eSaus 23 o"kksaZ rd ^pank ekek* dk laiknu fd;kA bldh yksdfç;rk dk vanktk vki blh ckr ls yxk ldrs gSa fd 70 ds n'kd esa bldh yxHkx 2 yk[k çfr;k¡ Nirh FkhaA ,d cgqr cM+k oxZ bldk ikBd FkkA fo'ks"k ç;kl ds rkSj ij eSaus loZçFke fparu fd;kA fparu fd;k fd eSa Hkh dHkh ckyd Fkk] vc cPpksa dk firk gw¡ -- vius cpiu ds ckyeu dk Lej.k djrs gq,] firk ds :i esa ckyeuksfoKku dk v/;;u fd;kA ikl iM+kl s ds dbZ cPpksa dks bdëk djds muds ckyeuksfoKku dks le>us dk ç;Ru fd;kA lewg esa cSBdj dbZ&dbZ dgkfu;k¡ lqukbZA buesa cPpksa dks tks dgkuh lcls vf/kd ilan vkbZ] mlds dkj.kksa dh [kkstchu dhA fQj eSua s ik;k fd if=dk ds fy, tks lkexzh rS;kj gqb]Z og iw.kZr;k ckyeuksfoKku ds vuq:i BgjhA* ¼m½ ^eSaus LosPNk ls fganh ls rsyqxq esa vuqokn dk;Z fd;k gSA ,l-,u-O;kl dh ^jkek;.kdky esa laL—fr* dk rsyqxq esa vuqokn fd;k vkSj eækl ls Niok;kA bldh nks gtkj çfr;k¡ fcdhaA fujkyk ds miU;kl ^fcYysljq cdfjgk* dk ,uchVh ds fy, vuqokn fd;kA jkefoykl 'kekZ dh ^fujkyk dh lkfgR; lk/kuk* ds çFke [kaM dk vuqokn fd;kA ^fganh dh Js"B 21 dgkfu;k¡* ¼la- /kuat; oekZ½ dk vuqokn fd;kA fot;pan tSu ds [kaMdkO; ^os';k* dk esjk vuqokn rsyqxq esa [kwc fcdkA* M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dk tUe dM+ik ¼vka/kz çns'k½ ds ,d /kuh&ekuh ifjokj esa gqvkA fganh i<+us o fy[kus esa muds çsj.kklzksr xka/kh th jgsA xka/kh ds jpukRed dk;ZØeksa esa gfjtu m)kj] ukjh f'k{kk] dqVhj m|ksx ds lkFk fganh lh[kuk Hkh lfEefyr FkkA mUgha dh izsj.kk ls jsìh th fganh dh vksj vk—‘V gq,A ^xka/kh th us 21 tuojh] 1946 dks nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk dh jtr t;arh lekjksg dk mn~?kkVu fd;k FkkA mUgksua s vius Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk fd cgqr tYnh gh ns'k vktkn gksus tk jgk gSA vktkn fganqLrku dh jk"VªHkk"kk fganh gksxhA vr% eSa efgykvksa rFkk ;qodksa ls vihy djrk gw¡ fd vki yksx vHkh ls fganh lh[kuk vkjaHk djs]a rkfd fganLq rku ds vkTkkn gksrs gh turk dh Hkk"kk esa 'kklu dk dk;Z laiUu gks ldsA xka/kh th dk ;g liuk FkkA ijarq vkt rd ge yksx muds lius dks lkdkj ugha dj ik,A* xka/kh n'kZu mudh jpuk/kfeZrk dh fujarj çsj.kk cuk jghA vkxs pydj fo'kkjn] lkfgR;jRu] lkfgR;kyadkj dh ijh{kk,¡ mÙkh.kZ dhA fganh i<+us ds fy, dk'kh rFkk ç;kx Hkh x,A ogk¡ ij fujkyk] egknsoh oekZ] cPpu th tSls cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa ls ifjp; gqvk ftuls fy[kus i<+us dh çsj.kk feyhA os crkrs gSa fd&^rsyqxq vkSj fganh nksuksa esa eSua s lekarj :i ls ys[ku dk;Z fd;k gSA tgk¡ rd ckr rsyqxq esa ys[ku dh gS] rks blesa eSaus dbZ ,sfrgkfld miU;kl] ukVd] dgkuh vkSj

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laL—fr rFkk cky euksfoKku ls lacfa /kr fo"k;ksa ij iqLrdsa fy[kh gSAa yxHkx esjh lHkh Js"B rsyqxq jpukvksa dk fganh esa Hkh vuqokn gqvk gSA* viuh thou ;k=k esa Mk- jsìh vius firk th dks Hkxoku dk ntkZ nsrs gSAa mudk dguk gS fd& ^eSa Hkxoku dks ugha tkurkA esjs firk gh Hkxoku gSa esjs fy,A eSa Hkh"e dks ugha tkurk] esjs firk gh Hkh"e gSa esjs fy,A* pkj o"kZ dh vk;q esa ekrk dh e`R;q gks tkus ij firk th us gh jsìh th dk ikyu iks"k.k fd;kA os crkrs gSa fd ^firk us dHkh ek¡ dh deh eglwl gksus ugha nhA esjs ekek fu%larku Fks lks mUgksaus firk th dks le>k cq>kdj eq>s xksn ys fy;k FkkA ekek eq>s th tku ls pkgrs Fks] ij ekeh dqN mxz LoHkko dh FkhA ml le; yxHkx vkB ;k ukS lky dk FkkA ,d fnu Ldwy ls ykSVk rks dM+h Hkw[k yxh FkhA lks ekeh ls [kkuk ijkslus dh ftn djus yxkA ml le; ekeh esjh ek¡ ds gh <sjksa xgus igu&igu dj [kqn dks laokjus esa yxh FkhA esjs ckj&ckj f>a>ksMu+ s ij fp<+ xbZ vkSj cksyh ^rwus FkksMs+ gh dekdj j[kk gS ;gk¡A* cl bruk lquuk Fkk fd esjs rucnu esa vkx yx xbZA eSaus mBkbZ ikl gh iM+h phuh feV~Vh dh IysV vkSj ns ekjh ekeh ds flj ijA mldk flj cgqr t[eh gks x;k FkkA [kwu dk QOokjk cg mBk FkkA mls ns[kdj eSa tksjksa ls Mj x;k vkSj ogk¡ ls lh/kk Hkkxk vius firk ds xk¡o] tks fd ogk¡ ls yxHkx 2&3 fdeh nwj FkkA ?kj igq¡pdj gh eSaus ne fy;k FkkA eSa Mj t:j x;k Fkk] ij mldk eq>s i'pkÙkki ugha Fkk] D;ksafd vius nsork ls firk ds fy, eSa cqjs 'kCn lgu ugha dj ldrk FkkA ekeh Bhd gks xbZ FkhA ekek eq>s fQj ysus vk;s Fks ij esjs nksLrksa us eq>s Mjk fn;k Fkk fd vc tk,xk rks ekeh t:j bldk cnyk ysxh] D;ksafd eSaus mlds lkFk cqjk lywd fd;k FkkA* blds ckn firk dh N=Nk;k esa mudk ckdh le; lq[kiwoZd chrk vkSj ;Fkkle; fookg vkSj cPpksa dk tUe gqvkA os o`)koLFkk esa vkdj igyh ckj chekj gq, ftls ;kn djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd^thou esa igyh ckj xr pkj&ik¡p eghus ls vLoLFk jgkA eSaus lius esa Hkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd eq> tSlk iryk vkneh dksyLVªky s ds vkf/kD; ds dkj.k ân; jksx dk f'kdkj gksxkA lp dgw¡ rks M‚DVjksa us bZ-lh-th-] VªsMfey ,aft;ksxzkQh ds ijh{k.kksa ds ek/;e ls ;g fu.kZ; fd;k fd esjh pkj jä okfgfu;ksa esa ls rhu jä çlkj.k dh n`f"V ls vo#) gSAa ;fn FkksMk+ &lk Hkh foyac gksrk rks tku dk [krjk FkkA oSls yanu ds ,;jiksVZ esa U;w;kdZ tkrs gq, ^ekbYM vVSd* 11 väwcj] 1994 dks gqvkA fQj Hkh vius –<+ ladYi ds dkj.k eSaus ;k=k pkyw dh vkSj rsbZl fnu ckn vesfjdk ls ykSVkA fQj uoacj ckbZl dks fnYyh esa vpkud gkVZ vVSd gqvk] M‚- jes'k Hkkj}kt us ogk¡ ds çfl) ân;jksx fo'ks"kK dks fn[kk;k rks mUgksua s rRdky ijh{k.k djds crk;k fd eSa nl fnu vLirky esa ;Fkksfpr fpfdRlk djkÅ¡A mUgksaus ;k=k djus ls Hkh euk fd;k FkkA ysfdu nks fnu ckn eSa ok;q;ku }kjk eækl igq¡pkA ;gk¡ ds ijh{k.kksa ls ;g çekf.kr gqvk vkSj ekpZ X;kjg 1995 dks Hkkjr ds fo[;kr vLirky ^viksyks* esa M‚-

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,e-vkj- fxfjukj ds usr`Ro esa esjk vkçs'ku lQyrkiwoZd laiUu gqvkA rhu fnu ds ckn gks'k esa vk;kA* mfpr le; ij mipkj rFkk ckbZikl ltZjh gks tkus ls ml le; M‚- cky'kkSfj jsìh dh çk.k j{kk gks xbZ rFkk mlds ckn iwjs nks n”kdksa rd vkSj Hkh os LoLFk jgdj iwjh fu"Bk ls fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh lsok esa mRlkgiwod Z layXu jgsA rsjg flracj 2015 dks nlosa fo”o fganh lEesyu ¼Hkksiky½ ls psUuS ykSVus ij 87 o’kZ dh vk;q esa mudk fu/ku gks x;kA

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cukjlhnkl prqonZs h : i=ksa ds vkbZus esa & vt; dqekj ekS;Z dk¡p dh pwfM+;ksa ds fy, lqifz l) 'kgj ftyk fQjkstkckn] mÙkj izn's k esa ,d xzke f'k{kd ia- x.ks'kh yky pkScs th ds ?kj izFke lqi= q dk tUe 24 fnlacj] 1892 dks gqvk FkkA mUgsa fganh txr cukjlhnkl prqonZs h ds uke ls tkurk gSA dfo] laiknd] Lokra«krk lsukuh vkSj laln lnL; cky—".k 'kekZ ûohu* dks yxHkx 1954&1955 esa fy[ks i=& ^^firk th 10 #i, ekgokj ikrs Fks vkSj mlh jde ls lar"q V FksA**1 baVjehfM,V djds 1913 esa mUgksua s ekLVjh 'kq: dh] Ng o"kZ bankSj ds ^jktdqekj dkyst* es(a fQj pkj o"kZ vgenkckn esa xka/kh th ds ^xqtjkr fo|kihB* esa fganh i<+kbZA fdarq lokZf/kd r`fIr vkSj LFkk;h dhfrZ Lora= i=dkfjrk ls feyhA fQj 1927 ls dksydkrk ls ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds vk| laiknd cus] fQj Vhdex<+ ¼mÙkj izn's k½ ls ikf{kd if=dk ê/kqdj* dk laiknu Hkh fd;kA {ks=h; cksfy;ksa rFkk tuinh; vkanksyu ds fy, lefiZr FksA Lo;a vPNh vaxt sz h] Qhth] :lh vkfn Hkk"kkvksa ds vPNs Kkrk gksrs gq, Hkh fganh ,oa tuinh; Hkk"kkvksa dks izkRs lkgu fn;k vkSj thoui;Zra fganh ds fy, gh lefiZr jgsA ^^mudk igyk ys[k 1912 esa Nik Fkk tc os vHkh fo|kFkhZ FksA**3 twu 1914 esa vius 'kgj fQjkstkckn esa mudh eqykdkr Qhth ls ykSVs fxjfefV;k ia- rksrkjke luk<~; ls gqbAZ Qhth ds Hkkjrh; fxjfefV;ksa dh n'kk dk fny ngyk nsus okyk o.kZu rksrkjke th ds eqg¡ ls lqudj mUgksua s mls vius 'kCnksa esa fy[k Mkyk vkSj mUgha ds uke ls iqLrd :i esa Niok;kA ^Qhth }hi esa esjs 21 o"kZ* uke dh ;g iqLrd vkdkj esa NksVh Fkh] ij mlus nwj&nwj rd viuk vlj MkykA izHkko'kkyh vaxt sz h nSfud ^yhMj* us ml ij laikndh; fy[kk] gkFkksa gkFk og ejkBh vkSj xqtjkrh esa vuwfnr gqbZ vkSj lkr leanj ikj yanu esa fczfV'k lkezkT; dh 'kkgh ifj"kn dh cSBd esa mldk mYys[k gqvkA fxjfefV;k izFkk ds mUewyu esa mldk gkFk jgkA ij mlls Hkh cM+h ckr ;g gqbZ fd mlus izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds iz'u esa prqonZs h th dh fnypLih txkbZ vkSj vkxs pydj muds thou dks ubZ fn'kk nhA bankSj ds ^Msyh dkyst* esa fganh i<+krs gq, mUgksua s izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds ckjs esa tks Hkh eqfnzr lkexzh fey ldh lc i<+ Mkyh vkSj îzoklh Hkkjroklh* uke dh 728 i`"Bksa dh iqLrd fy[kh] tks fganh esa vkSj 'kk;n reke Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa bl fo"k; ij igyh cM+h iqLrd FkhA bldh Hkwfedk fy[kokus ds fy, os dksydkrk esa nhucaèkq lh-,Q- ,UMªt w dh lsok esa mifLFkr gq,] ftUgsa os 1914 esa gh viuk vkjk/; eku pqds FksA ,UMªt w us iqLrd dk cM+k fgLlk i<+okdj lquk vkSj cM+h izlUurk ls mldh Hkwfedk fy[k nhA**4 ^^blls lh-,Q- ,UMwªt lfgr johanuz kFk VSxksj] egkRek xka/kh dk lkfUu/; rFkk oh-,lJhfuokl 'kkL=h vkfn dk Lusg feykA egkohj izlkn f}osnh] x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ vkfn dk isez mUgksua s vyx ls izkIr fd;kA**5 ^^bu egkiq#"kksa dh —ik dks mUgksua s thou dk iq.; Qy ekuk vkSj viuh f}rh; vkRedFkk dk uke gh j[kk êgkiq#"kksa dh [kkst*A**6 txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks fnukad 28-04-1977 dks dksV}kj ls fy[kk ,d i= 251@ ladYiuk 251@la

^^ikykxu! eSua s ^Qhth }hi esa esjs 21 o"kZ* dh ,d izfr Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h dh lsok esa Hkst nh FkhA mudk vPNk i= vk;k gSA izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, dqN Bksl dke djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj esjs ekxZn'kZu dh vkdka{kh gSAa **7 blls Kkr gksrk gS fd iqLrd ls izHkkfor oktis;h th rFkk vU; x.kekU; fe=ksa ls fey dj izHkko'kkyh ;kstuk ds rgr izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa gsrq dqN dk;Z djus ds fy, Je dj jgs FksA lekt lsfodk] lkfgR;dkj vkSj dykdkj] laln lnL; lR;orh efyd dh Hkh blesa vPNh Hkwfedk FkhA fdarq ljdkj izoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, D;k dj ldh\ ;g txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks fQjkstkckn ls fy[ks 27-03-1979 ds ,d i= ls irk pyrk gS % ^^Qhth dh jktq fjiksVZ ¼Venkatapati Raju Report½ dks rRdkyhu ljdkj us Suppress dj fn;k FkkA Nikus ds ckn Hkh turk rd ugha tkus fn;kA dkyksfu;y vkWfQl dk Mj FkkA vc rks og Ni tkuh pkfg,A Nih NikbZ j[kh gSA**8 cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk nwljk dk;Z Fkk Jethoh i=dkjksa dh fLFkfr lq/kkjuk&^^Jethoh i=dkjksa dh vkfFkZd& ckSf)d lqn”kk o mUufr ds fy, os vkthou iz;Ru'khy jgs] ftlds fy, mUgsa 1945 esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; fganh i=dkj lEesyu dk vkSj 1955 esa Hkkjrh; Jethoh i=dkj la?k dk vè;{k pquk x;kA 1952 ls 1964 rd ckjg o"kZ igys foU/; izn's k vkSj fQj e/; izn's k dh vksj ls jkT; lHkk esa jgrs gq, mUgksua s jktuhfr esa viuh tM+as tekus ds ctk; 'kghnksa ds Jk) vkSj muds ifjokjksa dks vkfFkZd lqj{kk fnykus esa viuh 'kfDr O;; dhA fnoaxr lkfgR;dkjksa dh dhfrZ&j{kk mudh lfØ; fpark dk ,d vkSj LFkk;h fo"k; FkkA**9 fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 05-07-1967 dks ckcw o`na kounkl th dks fy[kk ,d i= -- ^^,d nwljk ys[k lkfgR; txr dh ,d vko';drk&^NqVHkb;ksa dks izkRs lkgu* bl fo"k; ij Hkh fy[kuk pkgrk gwA¡ lu~ 1928 ls ;kuh ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds izkjaHk ls gh bl fn'kk esa dke djrk jgk gw¡ vkSj vkt fganh txr esa tks pksVh ds ys[kd ;k dfo gSa muesa dqN ^fo'kky Hkkjr* ds dkQh _.kh gSAa **10 blls Kkr gksrk gS fd budk dk;Z fo'kky Hkkjr ds ekè;e ls u,&u, lkfgR;dkj cukuk vkSj uo l`tu ds fy, izkRs lkgu nsuk gh Fkk] ftlls vkt gekjs lEeq[k fganh lkfgR;dkj o lkfgR; dk fo'kky HkaMkj gSA fganh Hkk"kk ds fy, buds fopkj Mk- izHkkdj ekpos dks fy[ks fnukad 10-01-1971 ds ,d i= esa nz’VO; gS % ^^vki tkurs gSa fd esjs fopkj jk"VªHkk"kk ds fo"k; esa vU; yksxksa ds fopkjksa ls fHkUu gSA Hkkjr dh lHkh eq[;&eq[; Hkk"kkvksa dks jk"VªHkk"kk ekurk gw¡ vkSj fdlh Hkh gkyr esa fdlh ij Hkh fganh yknuk ugha pkgrkA xq#nso ¼johanuz kFk Bkdqj½ ds os 'kCn vkt Hkh esjs dkuksa esa xw¡t jgs gSa &Why do you hang the sword of Hindi over our heads? Produce great literature and we will all learn Hindi. fganh txr dk orZeku usrR` o cgqr gh xyr gkFkksa esa jgk gSA** ^^They have made a mess of whole thing.^^ fouezrk ls vkSj lcdh lsok djrs gq, gh fganh lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa vxz.kh cu ldrh Fkh] ij bruh le>nkjh fganh okyksa us ugha fn[kykbZA**11 ,d vkSj i= fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 9&7&1967 dks ckcw o`na kounkl dks fy[kk Fkk ---^^bl 252@ ladYiuk 252@la

le; tks bZ";kZ fganh txr esa QSyh gqbZ gS] mldk dkj.k ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd gekjs pksVh ds ys[kd rFkk dfo vkRedsfa nzr gks x, gSAa fey&ck¡V dj [kkus dh uhfr esa mudk ;dhu ugha jgkA mudh vkykspuk djus dh t:jr ughaA Lo;a ge yksx vius dks Bhd ekxZ ij j[ks]a cl bruk gh i;kZIr gSA czt izkra cus ;k u cus ij czt tuin rks cuk gh jgsxk vkSj mldh lokZx a h.k mUufr ds fy, ge lcdks feydj dke djuk gSA ikjLifjd bZ";kZ fo}s’k ls czt&lkfgR; eaMy dh tks n'kk gqbZ mllss gesa lcd ysuk gSA**12 bl i= esa ml le; dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lkQ >yd jgh gSa vkSj lkFk gh lkfgR;dkjksa dh lksp ls cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk O;fFkr ân; HkhA vkxs 22-05-1968 ds i= esa fy[krs gSa fd&^^,d ckr vkSj Hkh& fganh txr ds vf/kdka'k usrk ftuds uke i=ksa esa Nirs jgrs gSa vkRedsfa nzr O;fDr gSAa nwljksa dk 'kks"k.k djds viuk mYyw lh/kk djus esa os dq'ky gSAa ge yksx muds pDdj ls cps]a blh esa gekjk dY;k.k gSA**13 bl fopkj ls dke ugha pyk vkSj cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dks vkanksyu ds fy, dej dluh iM+hA ml le; Hkh izdk'kd vU;k; djrs FksA ns[ksa Vhdex<+ ls fnukad 24-08-1949 dk lR;orh dks fy[kk i= --^^fiz; cgu] lknj iz.kke! iqLrdksa ds fy, —rK gwA¡ nksuksa dks /;kuiwod Z i<wx ¡ kA ^ekuojRu* dh Hkwfedk esa vkius esjk Hkh ftØ dj fn;k gSA iqLrd dh jk;YVh rks vkidks feyuh gh pkfg,A izdk'kdksa dh /kka/kyh ij vo';eso ,d izglu fy[kk tkuk pkfg,] ij bu izdk'kdksa dks bl rjg ugha NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A vU;k; dks lgu djuk Hkh ,d izdkj dh vuSfrd pht gSA nwljksa dks /kks[ks ls cpkus ds fy, Hkh mldk fojks/k vko';d gSA esjs ikl nks dsl blh <ax ds vHkh vk, gSAa efyd th dks iz.kke!**14 izdk'kdksa ds crkZo ls nqf[kr lkfgR;dkjksa dh fLFkfr bl i= ls Kkr gksrh gSA {ks=h; fodkl ds fo"k; ij ,d i= ds tokc esa cukjlhnkl prqonZs h ckcw o`na kou nkl th dks fQjkstkckn ls fnukad 29-03-1968 ds i= esa fy[krs gaS fd ---^^tSlk fd eSua s vius v/kZ'krkCnh okys Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk] vkils eq>s cM+h&cM+h vk”kk,¡ gSAa eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd vki czt ds lkfgfR;d rFkk lkaL—frd {ks= ds loZJ"s B izfrfuf/k cusAa Jh }kfjdkukFk th HkkxZo us eq>ls ,d ckj iwNk FkkA D;k dkj.k gS fd dk'kh vkxs c<+ xbZ vkSj eFkqjk fiNM+ xbZ\ oLrqr% dk'kh dks egkeuk ekyoh; th tSls egkiq#"k dk usrR` o fey x;k] tcfd eFkqjk bl ckjs esa mruh lkSHkkX;'kkyh u cu ldhA vc ge yksxksa dk drZO; gS fd tks Hkh lsok eFkqjk rFkk czt dh dj lds]a djsAa eSa rks dkQh detksj gks x;k gw¡ T;knk ?kwe fQj ugha ldrk] ot+u dkQh ?kV x;k gS&ij vki vis{kk—r ;qod gh gSAa tks ijke'kZ le> esa vkrs tkosx a s dHkh Hkstrk jgw¡xkA**15 iqu% {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa ds fo"k; esa fnukad 15-05-1969 ds i= esa fy[krs gSa fd ^^cztHkk"kk ds fo"k; esa tks dqN vkius fy[kk gS mlls eSa iw.kZr;k lger gw¡A mnw]Z vo/kh] Hkkstiqjh rFkk canq y s [kaMh ds fy, Hkh gekjk eaMy Hkjiwj iz;Ru djs] D;ksfa d cztHkk"kk lcdh cM+h cgu 253@ ladYiuk 253@la

gS] mnwZ dh rks ekrk HkhA nqbZ fcfV;k cztHkk"kk dh gS fganh mnwZ lanq j ukjA tsBh egyu esa cSBh] ygqjh cSBh tkb ctkjAA varj tuinh; ifj"kn dk dke tkjh jf[k,A**16 {ks=h;rk dh lksp ls Hkfo"; esa gksus okys ifjorZu ds fo"k; esa fnukad 30&12&1967 ds ,d i= esa fy[kk fd -- ^^eSa Lo;a czt izkra ds vyx cuus dk fojks/kh Fkk vkSj eSua s eFkqjk esa ;g ckr dgh Hkh Fkh] ij bl ckjs esa eq>s iqfufoZpkj djuk iM+k gSA eSa dksbZ jktuSfrd vkneh ugha] 'kq) lkfgfR;d rFkk lkaL—frd n`f"V ls gh fopkj djrk gwA¡ yksx izkra h;rk vkSj izkra isez esa Hksn ugha dj ikrsA ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd mÙkj izn's k vkxs pydj nks Hkkxksa esa c¡Vs fcuk ugha jg ldrkA rc if'peh Hkkx dk uke czt izn's k fd;k tk ldrk gS ij dsoy uke j[kus ls rks dqN dke ugha py ldrkA czt dh turk esa vius tuin ds izfr isez mRiUu djuk gSA tc rd ge yksx tks cqf)thoh gS]a ikjLifjd fopkj ifjorZu djds ,d nwljs ds fudV ugha vkrs rc rd izkra fuekZ.k dh ckr gok esa gh jg tk,xhA ge esa ls lHkh dks dqN u dqN R;kx] dqN u dqN ifjJe vius tuin ds fy, djuk iM+x s kA ftlds isl z gSa og dqN NikbZ dk dke djs]a ys[kd ;k dfo dqN ys[k ;k dfork djs]a /kuoku /ku nsa vkSj 'kkjhfjd Je djus okys dqN esgur gh djsAa **17 cukjlhnkl prqonZs h cztHkwfe dk vFkZ c[kwch le>krs gq, fy[krs gSa fd -- ^^czt dk vFkZ gS&og gjh&Hkjh Hkwfe pgk¡ xÅ,¡ pjrh gSAa czt ds gjs&Hkjs ou dks dk;e j[kuk vkSj ;gk¡ xks&lH;rk dk fuekZ.k djuk gS] isVªky s lH;rk ds vkØe.kksa rFkk vukpkjksa ls mls cpkrs gq,A**18 f}osnh ;qx ds izkjaHk esa gh dfo lR;ukjk;.k th us ^Hkzej nwr* esa dgk Fkk& ^^ifgys dS lks vc u frgkjkS ;g o`na kou] ;kds pkjksa vksj Hk;s cgq fof/k ifjorZuA cus [ksr pkSjl u;s dkfV ?kus ou&dat q ] ns[ku dks cl jfg x,] fuf/k cu lsok dat q A dgk¡ pfjgSa xÅ\**19 cukjlhnkl prqonZs h dk ,d ize[q k dk;Z Fkk ^'kghnksa dk Jk)*A blds fy, cgqr gh ifjJe djds 'kghnksa ds vkfJr ifjokjtuksa dks lgk;rk igq¡pkrs FksA 'kghn pan'z ks[kj vktkn dh iwT; ekrk th dh gkyr c;ka djrk gqvk ,d i= fnukad 14-03-1949 dks lR;orh efyd ds uke ---^^Jherh txjkuh nsoh frokjh ,oa Jh lhrkjke th frokjh dh vafre larku vktkn 28 Qjojh] 1931 dks vYÝsM ikdZ bykgkckn eas 'kghn gks x,A vHkkxh o`)k bl le; 70 o"kZ dh gSA vktkn dk LoxZokl gksus ij flj iVd&iVd dj mlus viuh ,d vk¡[k [kks nh FkhA vktkn ds firk th Jh lhrkjke th frokjh mUuko ftys ds FksA muds LoxZokl dks Hkh 11 o"kZ chr x,A dgha ls dqN Hkh lgkjk ughaA ;w-ih- vkSj e/; Hkkjr dh ljdkjksa us iphl&iphl #i, eghus dh isa'ku nsus dh Loh—fr dbZ eghus igys eq>s Hkst nh Fkh] ij ljdkjh e'khujh dh f<ykbZ ds dkj.k vc rd ,d iSlk Hkh ekrk th ds ikl ugha igqp ¡ kA tjk dYiuk dhft, ml cqf<+;k dh

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nqn'Z kk dhA os ,d ,slk xzke ds dksus ij jgrh gS tgk¡ eq[; tula[;k Hkhyksa vkSj eqlyekuksa dh clrh gSA 'kjhj ttZj gks x;k gSA Toj vkrk gS( [kkalh Hkh gSA**20 cgqr iz;kl ls is'a ku dk iSlk feyk ckn esa ljdkj dh uhan rc [kqyh tc og i= lekpkj i=ksa esa Ni x,A 02-09-1978 ds i= esa fy[kk -- ^^eSua s tks fpV~Bh vktkn dh ekrk th ds ckjs esa ¼vkidks½ fy[kh Fkh og cjkcj Ni jgh gSA ikB~; iqLrdksa esa vk xbZ gSA ml ij iafMr th us 250 #- Hksts Fks vkSj i=ksa esa Ni tkus ij 2]000 #- ekrk th dks fey x,A**21 bu i=ksa ls ml le; dh ljdkj dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSAa vktkn dh ekrk th v/kZ&fof{kIr gks pqdh FkhaA vius fiz; f'k"; gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dks fnukad 16-01-1971 ds i= esa viuh mikf/k;ksa ds fo"k; esa gkL; esa fy[kk & ^^cM+& s cM+us dh vdy vc pju yxh gS ?kklA QksdV esa Mh-fyV- cus Jh cukjlh nklA** iqu'p % vc iwjh mikf/k;ksa ds lkFk esjk uke ;g gS&lkfgR; okpLifr ¼lEesyu½] lkfgR; okfjf/k ¼m-iz- lEesyu½] lkfgR;&ekrZM a ¼eFkqjk½] Mh-fyV- ¼vkxjk fo'ofo|ky;½] cukjlhnkl prqonZs h&Hkkjr lk¡M+ ¼uohu th }kjk iznÙk½A**22 rFkk ;'kiky tSu dks fnukad 01-05-1971 ds ,d i= esa fy[krs gSa fd&^^bl ?kVuk dks 54&55 o"kZ gks x, vkSj lkbfVdk dks eSa fcYdqy Hkwy gh x;kA ij ik¡p&N% fnu igys ;gh mikf/k eq>s Hkh fey xbZA vc iwjh mikf/k;ksa ds lkFk esjk uke fy[k ldrs gSa & & lkfgR;&okpLifr ¼fg-lk- lEesyu½ & fo|k okfjf/k ¼mÙkj izn's kh; fg-lk- lEesyu½ & lkfgR;kpk;Z ¼fganh izpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn½ & Mh-fyV- ¼vkxjk fo'ofo|ky;½ vkSj & lkbfVdkxzLr !!!**23 lkFk gh dqN i=ksa esa gkL; jpuk Hkh nz’VO; gSA dUgS;kyky feJ ^izHkkdj* dks fnukad 28-01-1945 ds i= esa fy[kk gS& ^^1½ vki jkr dks ,d cts i= fy[krs gSa D;k fdlh Hkh fo/kqj dks uhan ugha vkrh\ 2½ vki lglk chekj iM+ x, D;k fdlh lkfgfR;d flikgh dks chekj iM+us dk vf/kdkj gS\**24 txnh'k izlkn prqonZs h dks ,d i= esa fy[kk & ^^;g tku dj [kq'kh gqbZ fd vki vkjke dj jgs gSAa ** ftruk t:jh gks mruk gh dke dhft, vkSj fganh Hkou] Jethoh i=dkj la?k ;k ns'k dh vU; fdlh Hkh eqbZ laLFkk dh fQØ er dhft,A tkus nhft, mu lcdks tgUuqe esAa cl gesa ran# q Lr vkSj nenkj cus jguk gSA dw¡Mh lksVs dks ctk vkSj ns[k Vqd dqnjr ds [ksyA NksM+ lc dkeksa dks xkfQy] Hkax ih vkSj MaM isyAA**25 ,d yk[k ls vf/kd i= fy[kus okys cukjlhnkl prqonZs h 2 ebZ] 1985 dks egkiz;k.k

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dj x,A vr% dfooj Jh ve`ryky prqonZs h us fy[kk gS --^^tkes usd u Bdqj lqgkrhA fiz; cukjlhnkl ygh gS fyf[k fyf[k ikrh [;krhAA ukSre Hkko&uohu ;kstuk fy[kfr u dye FkdkrhA lanq j LoPN fy[kkoV budh if<+ Nkrh mexkrhAA fganh vkS vaxjsth Hkk"kk L;kgh gw¡] }S Hkk¡rhA :ik ipkld izfr eghuk esa ;g chekjh [kkrhAA fp= [ksfpokS nwth O;k/kk tsÅ lc [kSjkrhA tc ns[kkS rc fy[kr jgr gSa buds uk fnu jkrhAA tkus dSls ;g lc budks lgt Hkko iqfl;krhA uo ys[kd uohu dfo;u dh lnk c<+kor NkrhAA ,d x/kk ds cks> Mkd bu fur izfr vkrh tkrhA buds i=u dkS laxgz yf[k rfc;r [kql gS tkrhAA ns”kHkDr] usrk] dfo] dksfon] ys[kd] Å¡ps ik¡rhA lcds i= Hkjs Vªd a u esa lq#fp lqjfPNr Hkk¡rhAA ve`r buds thou Hkj dh tbZ dekbZ FkkrhA foUnzkou tw i= c/kkbZ NkI;kS laxgz ikrhAA**26 lanHkZ 1. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 277 2. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 3. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 15 4. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 15 5. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 6. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 7. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 141 8. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 145 9. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] vkoj.k 10. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 276 11. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 256 12. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 284 13. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 14. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 480 15. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 63 16. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 330 17. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 49 18. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 19. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 286 20. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 477 21. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 493 22. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 203 23. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 311 24. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 45 25. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=&1] i`- 155 26. cukjlhnkl prqosZnh ds pqfuank i=] 'kqHkk”kalk

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