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5@^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB

Hkw f edk ;g o"kZ ¼2017½ vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; dfork ds ,d 'kykdk iq#"k xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k ¼1917 - 1964½ dk tUe&'krkCnh o"kZ gSA muds fu/ku dks] vkSj mudh dkyt;h —fr ^v¡/ksjs esa* ds çdk'ku dks] Hkh ipkl o"kZ ls vf/kd chr pqds gSaA bUgha nksuksa lanHkksZa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ge fouezrkiwoZd ;g iqLrd & ^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB & vkids le{k çLrqr dj jgs gSaA ckj&ckj dgk tkrk jgk gS fd eqfDrcks/k ^dfBu le; ds dfBu dfo* gSa vkSj [kkl rkSj ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a viuh oSpkfjdrk vkSj f'kYixr uohurk ds dkj.k tfVy dfork gS & u mldk dksbZ iwot Z gS vkSj u oa'ktA vkykspdksa dh Qrosckth us ,d ,slk jgL;yksd bl dfo vkSj dfork ds bnZfxnZ cqu fn;k gS fd chloha 'krkCnh dh bl ,d Js"B vfHkO;fDr ds fudV tkrk gqvk ikBd bl rjg Mjrk gS ekuks mls v¡/ksjs esa fdlh czge ~ jk{kl ds ikl tkuk iM+ jgk gksA rjg&rjg dh fopkj/kkjkvksa esa nhf{kr gksdj bl —fr vkSj —frdkj dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djuk jsudksV igudj Luku dk vkuan ysus ds ik[kaM tSlk gSA gekjk ekuuk gS fd dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj laf'y"V vuqHkwfr;ksa ls f?kjs gksus ds ckotwn eqfDrcks/k vkSj ^v¡/ksjs esa* & nksuksa gh csgn dksey vkSj ljy gSaA mrus gh dksey vkSj ljy ftruk fjef>e cjlrk gqvk lkouA tfVyrk mRiUu gqbZ gS vifjp; ds dkj.kA vifjp; gS igys ls vftZr nh{kk ds dkj.kA bl nh{kk ds jsudksV dks mrkj nsa rks eqfDrcks/k dh nqfu;k gesa gekjh viuh nqfu;k yxus yxrh gSA bl nqfu;k dks ns[kus ds] >syus ds] Hkksxus ds] thus ds vkSj blls yM+us vkSj bls cnyus ds vusd dks.k gks ldrs gSaA ;s dks.k gekjh fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrs gSa fd ge egkdkO;kRed psruk ds bl dfo vkSj dkO; dks dgk¡ ls vkSj dSls ns[k jgs gSaA ;gha ls ^v¡/ksjs esa* dfork ds vyx&vyx ikBksa dh laHkkoukvksa ds njhps [kqyrs gSaA ;g iqLrd eqfDrcks/k ds ^v¡/ksjs esa* ds çokg esa Mwcdj blds xHkZ esa fufgr çdk'k chtksa ds igpku djus dk ,d ;Ru Hkj gSA vkb,] vki Hkh blesa xksrk yxkb,A 5 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB

bl iqLrd esa ,d ç;ksx Hkh 'kkfey gSA og ;g fd blds nf~o rh; [kaM esa iwjh ,d iqLrd Hkh 'kkfey dh xbZ gS & çks- xksiky 'kekZ n~okjk fyf[kr ^v¡/ksjs esa* % nsfjnk&–f"V ls ,d txr&leh{kkA bls mUgksaus bl iqLrd ds fy, gh fo'ks"k :i ls fy[kk gSA ge çks- xksiky 'kekZ lfgr lHkh lg;ksxh ys[kdksa vkSj ifjys[k çdk'ku ds çfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA

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6 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB

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11 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 11@^vยก

^v¡/ksjs esa* dk iquikZB & izk-s nsojkt lu mUuhl lkS frjlB esa eqfDrcks/k us vkXU;s'dk lksuh dks ,d fpëh fy[kh FkhA ml fpëh esa mUgksu a s ;g dgk Fkk fd mUgksu a s ,d cM+h yach dfork fy[kh gS ftls os vkXU;s'dk lksuh dks Hkstuk pkgrs gSAa ysfdu cM+h egRoiw.kZ ckr mUgksu a s ml fpëh esa ;g Hkh dgh Fkh fd og dfork gks ldrk gS cgqr vPNh u gks] r`rh; Js.kh dh gks( dfork esa ,slk dqN u gks tks vPNk yxsA blh ds lkFk&lkFk ml dfork ds ckjs esa mUgksu a s ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd esjh bl dfork dks dksbZ if=dk Nkiuk ugha pkgsxhA 'kCn 'kk;n muds Fks fd ^bl dfork dks dksbZ if=dk ugha NkisxhA* bl i= esa lcls vf/kd vkdf"kZr djus okyh vkSj çHkkfor djus okyh tks ckr gS og ;g gS fd mUgksu a s dgk Fkk fd bl dfork esa ,d vk'kadk gS] v¡/ksjh vk'kadk dk okrkoj.k( gekjs ns'k esa dgha ,slk u gksA ;g tks vafre okD; ml fpëh dk gS] ;g eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks le>us dk ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ lw= gesa çnku djrk gSA esjk ekuuk gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh vc rd ftruh O;k[;k,¡ gqbaZ gSa muds vusd dks.k gSAa ysfdu mu dks.kksa esa tks ,d dks.k lcls de 'kkfey gS og ;gh dks.k gS tks eqfDrcks/k gesa nsuk pkgrs FksA ns[kuk ;g gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds ckjs esa [kqn mUgksu a s tks dgk Fkk fd bl dfork esa ^v¡/ksjh vk'kadk dk okrkoj.k gS* og dgk¡ rd lgh gSA ml –f"V ls Hkh ftlds varxZr ge eqfDrcks/k ds thou dh O;k[;k djrs gS]a mls le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa vkSj ml –f"V ls Hkh ftlds varxZr ge eqfDrcks/kdkyhu okrkoj.k dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSAa bl dfork ds jps tkus ds ckn ls ysdj vkt rd ftl okrkoj.k dks ge Hkksx jgs gS]a ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ge lk{kkRdkj dj jgs gSa muds vk/kkj ij Hkh tks –f"V curh gS] mlds vuqlkj Hkh bl dfork dks le>s tkus dh vko';drk gSA tc ge dfork i<+rs gSa rks gesa mlesa tqyl w dk çlax feyrk gSA jkr ds nks cts gSAa eqfDrcks/k vpkud dqN vkoktsa lqurs gSa vkSj viuh xSyjh esa vkrs gSa vkSj lM+d ij mUgsa ,d tqyl w fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lM+d Hkh dSlh gS] ,d ftºok ds leku QSyh gqbAZ ml tqyl w esa ,d cSM a ny 'kkfey gSA mlesa tks yksx py jgs gSa muesa dqN i=dkj gS]a dqN ys[kd gS]a dqN tujy gS]a lsuk ds vU; vf/kdkjh gS]a lsB gS]a iw¡thifr gS]a dkj[kkus ds ekfyd gS]a vkSj mu lcds lkFk 'kgj dk dq[;kr xqM a k Mksekth mLrkn gSA ;s lkjs os yksx gSa tks dfo dks igpkus gq, ls yxrs gSAa ;s os yksx gSa tks fnu esa dk;kZy;ksa es]a vius ?kjksa esa vkSj vU; txgksa ij cSBdj "kM~;= a djrs gSa vkSj vc iwjh rjg ls uaxs gksdj os yksx bl tqyl w esa 'kkfey gks x, gSAa eqfDrcks/k mu lcdks uaxk ns[k ysrs gSAa mudh bPNkvksa dks uaxk ns[k 11 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 11@^v¡

ysrs gSAa vkSj vpkud dqN yksxksa dh ut+j eqfDrcks/k ij iM+ tkrh gSA rqjr a mu yksxksa ds eq¡g ls fudyrk gS] êkjks lkys dks! xksyh nkxks lkys dks!* ;g tks fLFkfr gS tqyl w dh ml dfork esa ;g bl vksj ladr s djrh gS fd bl ns'k esa vktknh ds feyus ds rqjr a ckn ls gh tks ,d okrkoj.k cuuk 'kq: gqvk Fkk og okrkoj.k ml tqyl w dk okrkoj.k gSA ge /;ku nsa fd tSl&s tSls bl ns'k dh vktknh vkxs c<+rh gS] oSl&s oSls bl ns'k esa ,d vksj vke turk gS tks fugRFkh gS] ftlds ikl os lkjh phtsa ugha gSa ftudks ysdj dksbZ lq[kiwod Z thou th ldrk gS] ftlds ikl ,d lkFkZd Hkk"kk dk vHkko gS] ftlds ikl vkfFkZd lk/kuksa dk vHkko gS] ftlds ikl mldh bPNkvksa dks iwjk djus ds lk/ku ugha gSAa ,d vksj ;g turk gSA ij nwljh vksj os yksx gSa tks 'kfDrlaiUu gS]a ftuds gkFk esa dkuwu cukus ds vfèkdkj gS]a vkSj bl çdkj ls dkuwu cukus dh lqfo/kk,¡ gSa fd muesa cgqr lkjs Nsn gksa vkSj tc pkgs mu Nsnksa esa ls fudydj dkuwu dks rksMAas+ bl çdkj ls rksMas+ fd U;k;ky; mudk dqN u fcxkM+ ldsAa iw¡thifr gSa ftuds vanj lcdks [kjhnus dh rkdrsa gS(a dksbZ Hkh ykyp os ns ldrs gS]a dksbZ Hkh /kedh os ns ldrs gS]a vkSj ,sls ys[kd vkSj i=dkj gSa tks viuh dye dks fdlh Hkh {k.k cspus ds fy, rS;kj cSBs jgrs gSAa bu lcls feydj lÙkk yxkrkj turk ds f[kykQ "kM~;= a cukrh jgrh gSA vxj turk esa ls ,slk dksbZ O;fDr mHkjrk gS tks budks uaxk ns[k ysrk gS rks og budk lcls cM+k 'k=q gks tkrk gSA ;g fLFkfr tSl&s tSls rFkkdfFkr vktknh vkxs c<+rh gS oSl&s oSls cgqr fo:i :i es]a cgqr fodjky :i es]a cgqr Hk;kud :i esa gekjs lkeus vkrh pyh tkrh gSA vki ;kn djsa fd eqfDrcks/k tc e`R;q'k¸;k ij Fks vkSj iafMr tokgjyky usg# dh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh rks mUgksu a s yxHkx csgks'kh dh lh gkyr esa Hkh usg# dh e`R;q dk lekpkj lqudj dgk Fkk fd îkVZuj] vc bl ns'k esa QkflTe vk tk,xkA* ns[ks]a fd usg# dh e`R;q ds ckn QkflTe vk;k ;k ughaA muds ckn tc bafnjk xkaèkh lRRkk esa vkrh gSa rks iwjh rjg ls QkflLV jkLrk viukrh gS]a vius LokFkZ ds fy, dkaxl sz dk foHkktu djrh gSa vkSj mlds ckn ekSdk iM+us ij bl ns'k esa vkikrdky ?kksf"kr djrh gSAa vkikrdky esa mruh rkdroj gks tkrh gSa fd vius chl lw=h dk;ZØe dk leFkZu cM+&s cM+s ys[kdks]a i=dkjksa ls] cgqr cM+&s cM+s cqnf~ èkthfo;ksa ls djk ysrh gSAa vkSj fouksck Hkkos tSls lar ftudk viuk dqN ugha Fkk] ftudk lc dqN ns'k dk vkSj lekt dk gh Fkk] ekuork dk gh Fkk] ftUgksu a s iwjk thou bl ekuork ds fy, gkse dj fn;k] os lar Hkh & os fouksck Hkkos Hkh & vkikrdky dks îoZ* ?kksf"kr djrs gSAa ^vuq'kklu ioZ* mUgksu a s ml vkikrdky dks dgk FkkA ml vuq'kklu ioZ ds uke ij fdrus yksxksa dks yxkrkj vBkjg eghus tsy esa jguk iM+k! fdrus yksxksa dh e`R;q gks xbZ! fdrus yksxksa ds fljksa ij tsyksa esa lkS&lkS] ik¡p lkS okV ds cYc tyk fn, x,! fdrus yksxksa dk irk gh ugha pyk fd os dgk¡ gS!a vkSj mlds lkFk&lkFk ,sls yksx ftudk jktuhfr ls dksbZ 12 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 12@^v¡

eryc ugha Fkk & tks fjD'kk pykrs Fks] tks lfCt;k¡ csprs Fks] ckxcku Fks & tks vU; lkekU; dke djrs Fks & muds eq¡g ls Hkh vxj vkikrdky ij dksbZ fVIi.kh fudyrh tks lRRkk dks ilan ugha vkrh rks mudks can dj fn;k tkrk Fkk tsy esAa yxkrkj tsy esa can jgs os yksxA vkikrdky lekIr gksrk gS vkSj turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj bl ns'k esa vkrh gSA dqN fnuksa ckn og ljdkj VwV tkrh gSA vkSj fQj ,slk fc[kjko bl ns'k esa vkrk gS & jktuhfr esa & tks vkt rd ugha laHkyrk fn[krkA vkSj gekjh ubZ lRRkk tks cgqr l{ke gS] ftlds ikl iw.kZ cgqer gS & og Hkh ftu jkLrksa ij tk jgh gS] og Hkh ftl çdkj ds fu.kZ; dj jgh gS] os Hkh QkflTe dh vksj tkus okys jkLrs gS]a QkflLV jkLrs gSAa dguk ;g gS fd eqfDrcks/k us viuh dfork esa tks vk'kadk O;Dr dh Fkh og vk'kadk vkt lp gksrh fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS( vkSj vkt bl dfork dks i<+dj ge QkflTe ds uaxs psgjs dks cgqr xgjkbZ ls ns[k ldrs gSAa QkflTe dh tks ckr mUgksu a s dgh Fkh og ;FkkFkZ ij fVdh gqbZ FkhA ge tkurs gSa fd eqfDrcks/k tc ^u;k [kwu* esa dke dj jgs Fks ftls mUgksu a s viuh jsfM;ks dh ukSdjh NksMd + j Tokbu fd;k Fkk 1956&1958 ds chp] mlh le; ^,Eçsl fey xksyh dkaM* gqvk Fkk ukxiqj esAa eqfDrcks/k ,d i=dkj dh gSfl;r ls ogk¡ ekSds ij FksA ogk¡ muds fe= us iwNk Fkk fd ^egkxq# D;k dfork fy[kksx\s * rc mUgksu a s dgk Fkk fd ^fe=] ikVZuj! vHkh vuqHko idus nks] dfork fy[kh tk,xhA* vkSj ,slk yxrk gS fd vuqHko idrs jgsA vki ;g Hkh ;kn djsa fd 1962 esa eqfDrcks/k dh ,d iqLrd ij eè;çns'k dh rRdkyhu ljdkj us çfrca/k yxk;k FkkA ml iqLrd dk uke gS ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr*A eqfDrcks/k us og iqLrd ;n~;fi fon~;kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, rS;kj dh Fkh ysfdu ml iqLrd esa mudh viuh –f"V Fkh] tks –f"V ;FkkfLFkfrokfn;ksa dks ilan ugha vkbZA eqfDrcks/k ;FkkFkZ ds vk/kkj ij bfrgkl ds dqN fu"d"kZ ml iqLrd ds ek/;e ls nsus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA ,sfrgkfld fodklØe dh dlkSVh ij laL—fr dks dldj gekjh lkaL—frd psruk dks ,d ubZ /kkj nsus dh dksf'k'k esa os FksA LokHkkfod :i ls tks lkaçnkf;d rkdrsa gSa mUgsa ;g pht ilan ugha vkbZA tula?k uke dh ,d jktuhfrd ikVhZ gqvk djrh FkhA mlus rFkk mlls tqMs+ lkaçnkf;d laxBuksa us ftuesa vkj-,l-,l- cgqr çeq[k gS] feydj ml iqLrd ds fo#n~/k ,d vkanksyu [kM+k fd;kA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd ml tekus esa rhu iqLrdsa bu yksxksa ds fu'kkus ij Fkha & lkaçnkf;d rkdrksa ds fu'kkus ij FkhaA ysfdu /khjs&/khjs og iwjk dk iwjk vkanksyu dsoy eqfDrcks/k ds fo#n~/k [kM+k gks x;kA tcyiqj tSls 'kgj esa tqyl w fudkys x,] ukjsckth gqbZ ml iqLrd ds fo#n~/kA vkSj iwjh rjg ls vkanksyu yksxksa us fd;kA lsB xksfoannkl tSls lq/kh O;fDr us ;g dgk fd ^bl iqLrd dks tyk fn;k tkuk pkfg,-* eqfDrcks/k us og iqLrd cgqr ifjJe ls] cgqr v/;;u ds i'pkr rS;kj dh Fkh vkSj os pkgrs Fks fd ml iqLrd 13 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 13@^v¡

dks i<+k tk,A blhfy, vius fln~/kkarksa ls le>kSrk djds Hkh eqfDrcks/k us rRdky jkT;iky ls feyus dh dksf'k'k dhA jkT;iky muls feys] mudh lkjh ckr lquhA vkSj dgk ;g tkrk gS fd jkT;iky eqfDrcks/k ds rdksZa ls lger FksA ysfdu tks lkaçnkf;d rkdrsa Fkha muds fo#n~/k dqN ugha dj ldrs FksA ;k muds lkeus mudh pyrh ugha FkhA gfj'kadj ijlkbZ us ml jkT;iky dks fon~oku vkSj dk;j jkT;iky dgk gSA yxrk gS] ;g ckr lgh gSA jkT;iky us eqfDrcksèk dks dg fn;k fd ^ckr Bhd gS vkidh] ysfdu eSa D;k dj ldrk gw¡A* ml le; ds eq[;ea=h ds ikl x, eqfDrcks/kA mudh iksfVZdks esa yxkrkj ,d ?kaVk [kM+s jgs vkSj eq[;ea=h tc ckgj fudys rks eqfDrcks/k us ckr dguh pkgh] ysfdu dksbZ ifj.kke ugha fudykA eq[;ea=h us eqfDrcks/k dks lquus ls budkj dj fn;k vkSj dg fn;k fd ^vc bl fo"k; esa dqN ugha gks ldrkA* dgk tkrk gS fd mlds ckn eqfDrcks/k cgqr T;knk vlar"q V gq,A cgqr T;knk fujk'k gq,] cgqr {kksHk muds eu esa iuik vkSj mUgksu a s vius fe=ksa ds ikl vkdj ;g vk'kadk O;Dr dh fd vc QkflTe vk jgk gSA blds lkFk&lkFk ,d vkSj pht eqfDrcks/k us vius fe=ksa ls ml le; ,d vkSj ckr ckj&ckj dgh Fkh fd vxj ge [kM+s u gq, rks QkflTe vk tk,xkA nqHkkZX; ls yksx [kM+s ugha gks ldsA vkt Hkh yksx [kM+s ugha gks ik jgs gSAa blfy, u ml le; QkflTe ls iwjh rjg ls yM+k tk ldk vkSj u vkt QkflTe ds f[kykQ dksbZ l'kDr ekspkZ rS;kj gks ik jgk gSA ns[kuk ;g gS fd ;g tks ladr s eqfDrcks/k us gesa fn;k Fkk vkXU;s'dk dks fy[ks i= ds ek/;e ls vkSj ml dfork ds ek/;e ls tks fp= mUgksu a s cuk, gSa mudks ge le> jgs gSa ;k ughaA vHkh rd rks ,slk yx jgk gS fd mUgsa iwjh rjg ge ugha le> jgs gSAa vkSj D;ksa ugha le> jgs gS]a blds dkj.kksa dks Hkh eqfDrcks/k us viuh dfork esa çLrqr dj fn;k gSA vki /;ku djsa fd ;g dfork dqN bl çdkj ls 'kq: gksrh gS rks bu iafDr;ksa ls 'kq: gksrh gS & ßftanxh ds--dejksa esa v¡/ksjs yxkrk gS pDdj dksbZ ,d yxkrkjÞ vkSj tks pDdj yxk jgk gS mldh flQZ vkokt lqukbZ ns jgh gS] og fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA eqfDrcks/k ds eu esa vkrk gS fd og dkSu gS\ ,d ç'u iSnk gksrk gS fd og dkSu gS! mudh cqnf~ /k ç'u iwNrh gSA tSls gh ç'u iwNrh gS oSls gh dfork ,d Hk;kud eksM+ ys ysrh gSA og O;fDr mUgsa dqN bl :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd ml v¡/ksjs can dejs dh nhokjksa ds iyLrj fxjus 'kq: gks tkrs gS]a jsr fxjuh 'kq: gks tkrh gSA vkSj Lor% gh ,d Hk;kud psgjk mHkj vkrk gSA eqfDrcks/k vanj rd ?kcjk tkrs gSAa og psgjk mudh igpku esa ugha vk ikrkA 14 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 14@^v¡

mlds ckn fQj rkykc gS] dfork ds vxys va'k esAa ml rkykc esa tks v¡/ksjk dkyk ty gS ml ty ij ,d vk—fr QSy tkrh gSA ysfdu fQj Hkh og vk—fr le> esa ugha vkrhA mlds ckn –'; cnyrk gSA dqN isM+ gS]a mu isMk+ as ds v¡/ksjs ls <dh gqbZ ,d xqQk gS] [kksg gSA ml [kksg dk n~okj /kM+ ls [kqyrk gS vkSj rc ,d jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k dh vk—fr eqfDrcks/k dks fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;gk¡ igyh ckj mUgsa yxrk gS fd og tks jDrkdyksd&Lukr iq#"k gS og eqfDrcks/k dh vc rd u ikbZ xbZ vfHkO;fDr gSA blds ckn dfork vkxs c<+rh gSA vkSj og tks jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k gS ftls eqfDrcks/k us ^vc rd u ikbZ xbZ viuh vfHkO;fDr* dgk gS og lkady ctkrk gSA eqfDrcks/k dks yxrk gS fd lkady ctkdj og vfHkO;fDr mlds ikl vkuk pkgrh gSA ;gk¡ eqfDrcks/k ?kcjk tkrs gS]a ;k dguk pkfg, fd vxj eqfDrcksèk u dgsa vkSj dkO; uk;d dgsa rks T;knk lqfo/kk gksxhA rks dkO; uk;d ?kcjk tkrk gS] Mj tkrk gSA D;k Mj gS mls\ Mj ;g gS fd tks O;fDr lkady ctk jgk gS mlds dejs dh] og f'k[kjksa ij cSBk nsrk gS] jLlh ij pyus dh pqukSrh nsrk gS] vkSj tks xºoj gSa muds ikj tkus dh ckr djrk gSA ysfdu dkO; uk;d rks viuh [kksg esa iM+k jguk pkgrk gSA mls viuh detksfj;ksa ls yxko gSA mls viuh foQyrkvksa ls yxko gSA og lkgl ugha dj ikrk vkSj lkady ctkdj og vkneh dgha pyk tkrk gSA og pyk tkrk gS rks fQj dkO; uk;d dks yxrk gS fd ugha] eq>s mlls feyuk pkfg,A lkady [kksyrk gS ogA rc rd og O;fDr tk pqdk gksrk gSA vkSj ;gha vki ;kn djsa fd dfo ,d cjxn ds uhps igq¡prk gSA og ,slk cjxn gS ftlds uhps ,d ikxy jgrk gSA og ikxy dqN dg jgk gSA ogk¡ dkO; uk;d dgrk gS fd ;n~;fi og ikxy Fkk ysfdu vkt og ckSnf~ /kd esa ifjofrZr gks x;k gSA vkSj ogk¡ ç'u [kM+s gksrs gSa ml dfork esa fd ^gs esjs fln~/kkaroknh eu! vc rd D;k fd;k\ thou D;k ft;k\* vkSj vkxs ns[ksa bl dfork esa fd ;g dgk x;k gS fd tks dkO; uk;d gS og fdlh O;fHkpkjh dk fcLrj cu x;k gS] mlus cgqr fy;k gS ysfdu ns'k dks cgqr de fn;k gSA ;s lkjh ckrsa ml dfork esa vkrh gS]a buds ek/;e ls eqfDrcks/k ,d jgL; [kksyuk pkgrs gSAa jgL; ;g fd og O;fDr tks QkflTe dk f'kdkj yxkrkj gks jgk gS] tks 'kks"k.k dk f'kdkj yxkrkj gks jgk gS] og viuh detksfj;ksa ds dkj.k [kM+k gksus esa vleFkZ gS vkSj ;s tks mldh detksfj;k¡ gS]a tks mls la?k"kZ esa ugha /kdsy ik jgh gS]a ;k tks mls yM+kbZ djus ls jksd jgh gS]a os ,slh detksfj;k¡ gSa tks gekjh bl lkjh nqjoLFkk ds fy,] gekjh cqjh voLFkk ds fy, ftEesnkj gSAa u dsoy gekjs cfYd iwjs okrkoj.k ds] gekjs lekt ds cqjs fnuksa ds fy, ;s gh fLFkfr;k¡ ftEesnkj gSAa ;g ge ml dfork ls le> ldrs gSAa njvly eSa ladr s bl vksj dj jgk gw¡ fd D;ksa ge yxkrkj QkflLV okrkoj.k esa jgus dks etcwj gks jgs gS]a bldk jgL; eqfDrcks/k us [kksyk gSA lkFk 15 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 15@^v¡

gh ,d vkSj pht bl dfork esa cgqr çHkko'kkyh gSA vki dYiuk djsa fd lius esa gh Økafr gks tkrh gS] dgha vkx yx tkrh gS] dgha xksyh py tkrh gSA ogk¡ eqfDrcks/k ;g fn[kkrs gSa fd turk Økafr dj jgh gSA bl Økafr esa tSls lc dqN ?kweus yxrk gS] cgqr lkjh cand w as pyus yxrh gSAa iÙks Hkh Økafr djus yxrs gS]a vusd phtsa ogk¡ gksus yxrh gSAa ysfdu dqN yksxksa dks bl Økafr dk fo'okl ugha gksrk] mu yksxksa dh vksj Hkh eqfDrcks/k us bl dfork esa ladr s fd;k gSA dfork esa tc Økafr gks tkrh gS rks eqfDrcks/k /;ku fnykrs gSa fd lc pqi] lkfgfR;d pqi vkSj dfotu fuokZd~ fpard] f'kYidkj] urZd pqi gSa muds [k;ky ls ;g lc xi gS ek= fdaonarhA vkSj mlesa nk'kZfud Hkh pqi gSAa mlesa i=dkj Hkh pqi gSAa mlesa lkjs cqnf~ /kthoh pqi gSAa dsoy pqi gSa bruk gh ugha gS] cfYd eqfDrcks/k ogk¡ dgrs gSa fd bu lkjs yksxksa dks tks iwjk dk iwjk cqnf~ /kthoh oxZ gS] bl cqnf~ /kthoh oxZ dks ;g fo'okl gh ugha gS fd Økafr gks ldrh gS] turk Økafr dj ldrh gSA ;g fo'okl bu yksxksa dks ugha gSA vc eqfDrcks/k bl oxZ ds pfj= dks [kksyrs gSAa os dgrs gSa & jDrik;h oxZ ls ukfHkukycn~/k ;s yksxA ;s lkjs ds lkjs yksx tks jDrik;h oxZ gS] tks 'kks"kd oxZ gS] tks QkflTe ds fy, ewyr% ftEesnkj gS] mlls ukfHkukycn~/k gSAa mlls mudk xgjk lac/a k tqMk+ gqvk gSA tSls gh og uky dV tk,xh oSls gh mudk thou lekIr gks tk,xkA ,d vkSj xgjh ckr ogk¡ dgrs gSa eqfDrcks/k fd ;g tks iwjk dk iwjk oxZ gS cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dk] ml oxZ dks ç'u dh mFkyh lh igpku gS] xgjh igpku ç'u dh ugha gSA ;g iwjk dk iwjk cqnf~ /kthoh oxZ Økafr ds jgL; ls vutku gSA rks dguk ;g gS fd ogk¡ ij turk tks Økafr djrh gS ml Økafr ds çfr cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dk dksbZ lfØ; lg;ksx ugha gS] mudk dksbZ fo'okl ml Økafr esa ugha gSA vkSj bu cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dks turk ds lokyksa dh igpku ugha gSA vFkkZr ;s cqnf~ /kthoh O;kid ;FkkFkZ ls vufHkK gSa vkSj jDrik;h oxZ ls xgjs tqMs+ gq, gSAa ;g fLFkfr eqfDrcks/k ds tekus esa FkhA ;gh fLFkfr vkt Hkh gSA blfy, bl dfork dk ;g tks ikB gS ;g gekjs vkt ij Hkh iwjh rjg ykxw gksrk gSA ge ns[krs gSa fd ledkyhu nkSj es]a vkSj eqfDrcks/k ls ysdj vkt rd dk gekjk tks nkSj gS mlesa cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dh Hkwfedk cgqr gh Hkzked jgh gS] cgqr fujk'kktud jgh gS] turk dks cgdkus okyh jgh gSA ;s cqnf~ /kthoh yxkrkj ,d dke djrs jgs gSa fd lRRkk ls tqMu + s ds fy,] lRRkk ls tqMd + j ykHk dekus ds fy,] ;s ewyr% tu fojks/kh uhfr;ksa dh O;k[;k,¡ ;k rks ljdkj ds i{k esa djrs jgs gSa ;k iw¡thifr;ksa ds i{k esa djrs jgs gSAa vkSj tks buds fojks/k esa [kM+k gksrk gS] tks lgh ckrsa dguk pkgrk gS] tks muds jgL; dks [kksyuk pkgrk gS] og ;k rks ykyph gks tkrk gS ;k fQj mlds lkeus ,slh cgqr lkjh fLFkfr;k¡ [kM+h dj nh 16 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 16@^v¡

tkrh gSa fd og gkf'k, ij /kdsy fn;k tkrk gSA bl çdkj ls ;g tks cqnf~ èkthoh oxZ gS ftls okLro esa cqnf~ /kthoh dgus esa dHkh dHkh 'kadk gksrh gS] dHkh dHkh eu djrk gS fd ,sls yksxksa dks turk ds chp esa ys tkdj ds [kM+k dj fn;k tk, vkSj mudh lkjs ijrsa m/ksM+ nh tk,¡A ;g tks ,d ,slk oxZ gekjs ns'k esa gS] ;k gekjs lekt esa gS og gh tuØkafr dks jksdus esa cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA blds lkeus tks yksx [kM+s gq, gSa os yksx lk/kughu yksx gSAa muds lkspus dks dksbZ egRo ugha fn;k tkrkA blfy, bl ns'k dh fLFkfr cgqr fofp= gks xbZ gSA ;k dguk pkfg, fd yxkrkj ,d ,slh va/kh xqQk esa ge tk jgs gSa tgk¡ dksbZ jkLrk fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA eqfDrcks/k us ,d vkSj ladr s cqnf~ èkthfo;ksa dk ewY;kadu djrs gq, fn;k gS tks cgqr nwj dh dkSMh+ Hkh gks ldrk gSA og ladr s ;g gS fd vki ns[ks]a ftl le; xka/kh th feyrs gSa eqfDrcks/k dks ml le; muds da/ks ij ,d cksjk gS ftlesa cPpk gSA ml cPps dks xkaèkh th dfo ds da/ks ij ykn nsrs gSAa dkO; uk;d ds da/ks ij ns nsrs gSAa xka/kh th ogk¡ ls pys tkrs gSa ysfdu tkus ls igys ,d ckr dg tkrs gSAa os dgrs gSa fd ;g nqfu;k dwMs+ dk <sj ugha gS ftl ij dksbZ eqxkZ nkuk pqxus ds fy, vk, vkSj elhgk cu tk,A okLro esa Hkfo"; esa bl lekt dk mn~/kkj djus okyk] bl lekt esa Økafr djus okyk tks iSnk gksxk og bl turk ds chp esa ls gh iSnk gksxk & ;g dgdj xka/kh th pys tkrs gSAa vki ns[krs gSa fd xka/kh th ds tkus ds ckn og cPpk jksrk gSA mlds jksus ls dkO; uk;d Mjrk gSA ysfdu mls larks"k Hkh gksrk gS fd thou Hkj og tks ugha dj ldk] og cPpk dj jgk gSA blds ckn cPpk xk;c gks tkrk gSA lwjteq[kh ds Qwyksa dk xqPNk dkO; uk;d ds da/ks ij vk tkrk gSA vkSj og lwjteq[kh ds Qwyksa dk xqPNk Hkh xk;c gks tkrk gS vkSj ,d cand w dkO; uk;d ds da/ks ij vk tkrh gSA bl iwjs ?kVukpØ ls lh/ks lh/ks gesa tks lw= feyrk gS og ;g gS fd turk dk mn~/kkj djus okyk tks Hkh O;fDr gksxk] ;k tks Hkh oxZ gksxk] og turk dh chp esa ls gh iSnk gksxkA tulRRkk ls vyx gV djds tks yksx nkok dj jgs gSa ;k djrs jgs gSa fd os turk dk fgr dj ldrs gS]a turk dks /kks[kk ns jgs gSa ;k vlR; Hkk"k.k dj jgs gSAa ,d ;g i{k gSA bl i{k ls Hkh gesa bl dfork dks le>uk pkfg,A ,d vkSj lw= gesa bl dfork esa feyrk gSA og lw= gS fd ftl le; Økafr gksrh gS ml le; ;qodksa dk O;fDrRo varj.k gksrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dfork esa dgrs gSa fd ^esjs ;qodksa esa gksrk tkrk O;fDrRokarj*A og O;fDrRo varj.k dSls gks jgk gS\ og ,d unh dk ty ihdj gks jgk gSA ml unh esa ty fdldk gS\ ml unh esa turk vFkkZr lkekU; yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa dk ty gSA mudh osnukvksa dk ty gSA ml osnukvksa ds ty dks ihdj ;qokvksa dk O;fDrRo varj.k gks jgk gSA dfo lh/ks&lh/ks vius dkO; uk;d ds ek/;e ls bl ckr ij cy nsuk pkgrk gS fd Økafr esa ;qok mRlkg dk gksuk t:jh gSA vkSj og ;qok mRlkg mlhds Hkhrj 17 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 17@^v¡

ls mitsxk ftldk O;fDrRo varfjr gks pqdk gSA rks esjk dguk ;g gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk ewY;kadu vHkh gksuk ckdh gSA gekjs ftu cM+&s cM+s leh{kdksa us bl dfork dk ewY;kadu djus dh dksf'k'k dh gS muesa nks uke gekjs lkeus gSAa ,d jkefoykl 'kekZ dk vkSj nwljk ukeoj flag dkA eq>s ugha ekywe fd D;ksa ,slk gqvk] ysfdu gqvk fd jkefoykl 'kekZ us bl dfork dks fujLr djus dh iwjh dksf'k'k dhA mUgksu a s bl dfork dh O;[;k djus ds ctk; eqfDrcks/k dh O;k[;k dh vius iwjs ys[ku esAa vkSj eqfDrcks/k dks foHkkftr O;fDrRo dk ,d ys[kd fln~/k fd;kA mUgksu a s fltksÝfs u;k ls ;qDr eqfDrcks/k dks crk;k vkSj bl rjg mUgksu a s iwjh dfork esa eqfDrcks/k us tks Hkh dgus dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh mls mUgksu a s fjtsDV fd;k] mls fujLr fd;kA ukeoj flag us bl dfork dks cgqr gn rd ,d u, çdkj ds jgL;okn esa yisVus dh dksf'k'k dh gS ftldh jpuk fganh vkykspuk esa ukeoj flag us dh gSAa mUgksu a s bl dfork dks flQZ vkRe dh [kkst ls tksMu + s dh dksf'k'k dhA rFkkfi mUgksu a s bl dfork dks le>us ds fy, ,d lw= rks fn;k gh gS tks gekjs fy, lgk;d fln~/k gks ldrk gSA og ;g fd iwjh dh iwjh dfork LoIu esa pyrh gS] vkSj bl LoIu dks ukeoj flag us gesa idM+ok;k gS ;k [kqn bls idM+us dh dksf'k'k dh gSA mUgksu a s dgk gS fd bl dfork esa tks vlacn~/k phtsa gS]a fLFkfr;ksa dh vlacn~èkrk gS] og vlacn~/krk bl dfork ds LoIu 'kSyh esa jps tkus ds dkj.k gSA ;fn ;g dfork LoIu 'kSyh u jph xbZ gksrh rks 'kk;n tks vlacn~/k phtsa gekjs lkeus gSa os gesa ,d Øe çnku ugha djrha vkSj gekjs fparu dks >d>ksjrh ugha FkhaA ;g mudh cM+h nsu bl dfork dks le>us esa t:j gS] ysfdu bl dfork dks eqfDrcks/k ds O;fDrRo ls tksMd + j ds vkSj O;fDrRo dh [kkst ls tksMd + j ds mUgksu a s tks le>kus dh dksf'k'k dh gS og bl dfork dks ewy jkLrs ls gVkrh gSA esjk ekuuk ;g gS fd ;g dfork u rks eqfDrcks/k us vius O;fDrRo dh [kkst ds fy, fy[kh Fkh] jph Fkh] u ;g dfork fltksÝfs u;k ds ncko esa fy[kh xbZ Fkh] cfYd ;g dfork bl ns'k esa vkus okys QkflTe ds [krjs dks /;ku esa j[kdj fy[kh xbZ FkhA ;g vyx ckr gS fd eqfDrcks/k mlds f'kdkj gq,A vkSj ,sls f'kdkj gq, fd muds rRdkyhu fe= crkrs gSa fd eqfDrcks/k os QkflTe dh ppkZ djrs gq,] bl ns'k ij eaMjkus okys [krjs dh ckr djrs gq,] yq<d + tk;k djrs FksA eqfDrcksèk us tc igyh ckj vius fe=ksa ds le{k nks ?kaVs bl dfork dk ikB fd;k Fkk rc tSlk fd gfj'kadj ijlkbZ us fy[kk gS] lc yksx l[krs dh gkyr esa vk x, Fks vkSj eqfDrcks/k chM+h ij chM+h Qw¡ds tk jgs FksA os ,d ,sls O;fDr Fks tks bl ns'k dh iwjh fLFkfr ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds vanj cgqr&cgqr vkØks'k Fkk] ftls yxkrkj vlQyrk ds na'k dks Hkksxuk iM+k FkkA ,slk O;fDr dsoy vius fy, dfork jp jgk gks] ;g laHko çrhr ugha gksrkA vxj ge ,slk dgrs gSa rks bl dfork dks ge jksdrs gSa vkSj bl dfork dks jksddj ge bl ns'k esa ;FkkfLFkfroknh 'kfDr;ksa 18 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 18@^v¡

dh gh lgk;rk djrs gSAa eSa dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd vkt u, fljs ls ge fo:i fLFkfr;ksa dk f'kdkj gks jgs gS]a cgqr [kwclwjr <ax ls gekjs lkeus [krjs vkdj [kM+s gks jgs gSAa ;s [krjs dsoy ns'k ds vanj 'kfDr;ksa n~okjk gh ugha [kM+s fd, tk jgs gSa cfYd ns'k ds ckgj dh 'kfDr;ksa ds ek/;e ls Hkh vk jgs gSAa cgqr lkjs [krjs HkweM a yhdj.k ds ek/;e ls gekjs lkeus vk, gSAa cgqr lkjs [krjs gekjs bfrgkl ij tks u, fljs ls geys gks jgs gS]a gekjh laL—fr ij ubZ fljs ls geys gks jgs gS]a muds ek/;e ls gekjs lkeus vkrs gSAa gekjs lkeus Hkk"kk dk [krjk u, fljs ls [kM+k gks x;k gSA fdl Hkk"kk esa ge dfork jps\a fdl Hkk"kk dks ge lkaçnkf;drk ds f[kykQ ç;ksx djs\a fdl Hkk"kk dks ge etnwj ds i{k esa ç;ksx djsAa 'kCnksa dk pquko] eqgkojksa dk pquko] dgkorksa dk puko] ;s ç'u u, fljs ls gekjs lkeus [kM+s gks x, gSa pw¡fd ge yxkrkj le>kSrkokn dh vksj c<+ jgs gSAa vkt dh fLFkfr esa ftu ys[kdksa dks] ftu dykdkjksa dks] ftu lkekU; yksxksa dks lrk;k tk jgk gS muds fo#n~/k [kM+s gksus okys yksxksa dh la[;k yxHkx ux.; gSA ;g gekjh dk;jrk dh fu'kkuh gSA ;g gekjs mis{kkiw.kZ O;fDrRo dh fu'kkuh gSA gekjs le>kSrkokn dh fu'kkuh gSA eqfDrcks/k buds fo#n~/k gh gesa lko/kku djuk pkgrs FksA eqfDrcks/k gq, ,d 'krkCnh chr pqdh gS vkSj ^v¡/kjs es*a dfork dh jpuk gq, Hkh ipkl o"kZ ls vf/kd chr pqds gSAa yfdu bl dfork dk tks uksfVl fy;k tkuk pkfg, Fkk] ftl çdkj ns'k Hkj esa bl dfork dh ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg, Fkh og ugha gqbZ gSA esjk ekuuk gS fd ;g cqjk gqvk gSA blfy, ge le; jgrs bl dfork dks u, fljs ls le>us dh dksf'k'k djsAa bl dfork dk u;k ikB rS;kj djus dh dksf'k'k djsAa ij ,slk ikB rS;kj djsa tks eqfDrcks/k ds T;knk fudV gks] vkykspdksa ds fudV de ls de gks rks laHkor% ge viuh ftEesnkjh fuHkk ik,¡xAs ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa xka/kh ds vykok fryd] cqn/~ k vkSj rksYLrks; ds tks çlax vkrs gSa os Hkh bl dfork ds iquikZB esa gekjh lgk;rk dj ldrs gSAa mnkgj.k ds fy, eqfDrcks/k rksYLrks; dks ,d ys[kd ds :i esa cgqr T;knk ilan djrs FksA rksYLrks; rkjksa esa ?kwe jgs gSa vkSj fQj xk;c gks tkrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k dks yxrk gS fd rksYLrks;uqek dksbZ O;fDr gS tks ogk¡ FkkA rksYLrks; dk ewy lac/a k lkearokn ls Fkk ysfdu lkearoknh oxZ ls lac/a k gksus ds ckotwn os mlls ckgj fudys vkSj mUgksu a s mlh oxZ dh vkykspuk dhA rksYLrks; dk ;g i{k eqfDrcks/k dks ilan FkkA os Hkkjro"kZ esa bls ?kfVr gksrs ns[kuk pkgrs FksA vU;= os fryd dh ewfrZ ns[krs gSAa fryd dh ewfrZ dh cgqr cqjh voLFkk gSA ckn esa dfork esa vk;k gS fd fryd dh ewfrZ dh ukd ls [kwu cgus yxrk gSA fryd Hkkjro"kZ ds Lokèkhurk laxkz e esa cgqr uoksUes"kh O;fDr Fks ftUgksu a s yksxksa dh /kkfeZd vkLFkkvksa dk mi;ksx Lok/khurk laxkz e ds fy, fd;k FkkA yksdekU; fryd us /keZ ds uke ij tks ijaijk,¡ pykbZa os lhèks&lh/ks gekjs Lok/khurk laxkz e ls tqMh+ gSAa fryd bl ns'k dks uoksUes"k ds 19 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 19@^v¡

ekè;e ls vktknh fnykuk pkgrs Fks vkSj turk dh /kkfeZd Hkkoukvksa dks lekt lkis{k vkSj jk"Vª lkis{k cukuk pkgrs Fks] ysfdu ,slk ugha gqvkA fryd ds ckn esa bl ns'k esa /keZ dk lkaçnkf;dhdj.k fo'ks"k :i ls gqvkA blhfy, eqfDrcks/k dh dfork esa mudh ukd ls [kwu cgus yxrk gSA ;g Hkh ladr s bl dfork dks le>us esa lkg;d gks ldrk gSA eqfDrcksèk us ,d vkSj ladr s fn;k gS & ^esjh og [kks;h gqb@ Z ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj@ vkRe&laHkokA* bl ije vfHkO;fDr dk ,d nk'kZfud ;k vk/;kfRed i{k gS ftl ij fganh ds lekykspdksa us lcls vf/kd cy fn;k gSA ;g ije vfHkO;fDr çR;sd O;fDr ds vanj gS ftlls og vius pkfjf=d xq.kksa dk fodkl djrk gS] vius ikiksa dks /kksrk gS] mlls vius dks igpkurk gS] vkSj vius dks igpku dj og lkjh cqjkb;ksa ls nwj gksrk gS] vius thou dk mn~èkkj djrk gSA ;g mldh ije vfHkO;fDr gS tks mldh vkRek ls QwVrh gSA vkRek ds pkjksa rjQ fyiVk ey lekIr gks tkrk gS rks og mlls vius vkidks ckgj fudky ysrh gSA ,slk O;fDr lekt lsok esa tqM+ tkrk gS] ;k èkeZ dh lsok esa tqM+ tkrk gSA ,d ;g ije vfHkO;fDr iwjh rjg nk'kZfud vkSj vk/;kfRed gS yfdu eq>s yxrk gS fd eqfDrcks/k bl ije vfHkO;fDr dh] bl vkRe[kkst dh] ckr ugha dj jgs jgrs FksA os ml ije vfHkO;fDr dh ckr dj jgs Fks ftldk lac/a k etnwjksa ls gS] Jfedksa ls gS] ncs&dqpys yksxksa ls gS] 'kksf"krksa ls gSA vki ;g ns[ksa fd tks 'kksf"kr yksx gSa muesa pkgs fL=;k¡ gh gS]a ;k Jfed gh gS]a muds 'kks"k.k ds nks i{k gSAa ,d i{k rks ;g gS fd 'kks"k.k cqjh pht gS] cqjk gS & og 'kks"k.k ugha gksuk pkfg,A nwljk i{k ;g gS fd ;g 'kksf"kr oxZ gS tks cgqr dqN vius 'kks"k.k dks viuk HkkX; ekudj] viuh fu;fr ekudj ds Lohdkj dj ysrk gS vkSj yxkrkj 'kksf"kr gksrk pyk tkrk gSA tks çxfr'khy rkdrsa gSa os dgrh gSa fd tks 'kksf"kr yksx gSa mudks le>kvks fd mudk 'kks"k.k gks jgk gSA mlds ckn dk jkLrk os fudky ysxa As eqfDrcks/k b/kj ladr s djuk pkgrs gSAa vkykspdksa us ckj&ckj bl dfork dks e/;oxhZ; yksxksa ls tksMk+ gSA ysfdu ,slk djus ls dfork dk ikB lhfer gks x;k gS] D;ksfa d eqfDrcks/k ml [kksg esa iM+s e/;oxZ ds lkFk&lkFk cgqr lkjh ckrsa etnwj oxZ ds fy, dguk pkgrs FksA tSls e/;oxZ viuh cgqr lkjh detksfj;ksa ls fudy dj ekspkZcna h dj ldrk gS ysfdu og ,slk ugha dj jgk gS] Bhd oSls gh tks Jfed oxZ gS vxj mls viuh detksfj;ksa dk irk yx tkrk gS] vxj mls ;g irk yx tkrk gS fd mldk 'kks"k.k gks jgk gS vkSj bl 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr vko';d gS] bl 'kks"k.k ls og eqDr gks ldrk gS rks og viuh ije vfHkO;fDr dks çkIr dj ldrk gSA etnwj dh vfHkO;fDr mldh Hkk"kk dh [kkst esa gSA etnwj dh vfHkO;fDr ml le> dh [kkst esa gS ftlesa og le>sxk fd mldk 'kks"k.k gks jgk gS] mls nck;k tk jgk gS] mls dqpyk tk jgk gS vkSj mlds xys ij v¡xB w k j[kdj mldks viuk vf/kdkj ek¡xus ls oafpr fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g tks pht gS mls le>us dh vko';drk gSA ,d vkSj pht 20 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 20@^v¡

gS fd pkgs etnwj gks ;k pkgs e/;oxZ gks ;k pkgs vkSj dksbZ gks] ge lcdh cqjh voLFkk ds ewy esa vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh gSAa ge tc rd viuh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds n~or S dks ugha le>sxa ]s fdl çdkj ls gekjk vkfFkZd 'kks"k.k vkSj lkekftd 'kks"k.k fd;k tk jgk gS mldks vxj ge ugha le>sxa s vkSj blls vkxs c<+dj fdl çdkj bfrgkl dk nq#i;ksx vke yksxksa ds 'kks"k.k ds fy, fd;k x;k gS] mldks vxj ge ugha le>sxa ]s rks ge vius vkidks çkIr ugha dj ldsxa As vius vkidks çkIr djus dk vFkZ gS viuh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks çkIr djuk] mUgsa le>uk] vius okrkoj.k dks le>uk vkSj ml okrkoj.k esa viuh Hkwfedk fu/kkZfjr djukA vxj ge viuh Hkwfedk fu/kkZfjr djus dh fLFkfr esa vk tkrs gSa rks ge vius dks ik ysrs gSAa fLFkfr ;g gS fd vHkh ge viuh Hkwfedk fu/kkZfjr djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSA ge ftls viuh Hkwfedk le> jgs gSa ml ij pkjksa vksj ls ncko iM+s gq, gSa vkSj mu nckoksa dks Lohdkj djds ge tSlk jkLrk gedks fey jgk gS ml rjg pyrs pys tk jgs gSAa blhfy, ge dgha tedj [kM+s ugha gks ik jgs gSAa ;g tks vfHkO;fDr dk vius vkidk i{k gS ml vksj eqfDrcks/k 'kk;n tksj nsuk pkgrs FksA vki /;ku djsa fd dfork ds tks nks&rhu vafre [kaM gSa muesa nks i{k cgqr tksjnkj gSAa ,d vksj eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa ^vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs@ mBkus gh gksxa @ s rksMu + s gh gksxa s eB vkSj x<+ lcA* ,d ;g –'; gSA ,d nwljk –'; gS fd tc dfork var dh vksj c<+rh gS] Økafr 'kq: gks tkrh gS vkSj dfo dk LoIu Hkax gksrk gS] rc og fQj mlh jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k dks ns[krk gSA vkSj rc og mlds ihNs nkSMu + s dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA ysfdu gksrk ;g gS fd og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k HkhM+ esa xk;c gks tkrk gSA ogk¡ dfo iNrkrk gSA cgqr ijs'kku gksrk gSA og Lohdkj djrk gS fd ogh esjh ije vfHkO;fDr gS vkSj eSa mldk f'k"; gw¡A ogh esjh xq# gSA ogh tks jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k dfork ds çkjaHk esa dkO; uk;d dks fn[kkbZ fn;k Fkk] og var esa Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ysfdu og mls çkIr ugha gksrkA vxj dfork lq[kkaroknh –f"V ls jph xbZ gksrh rks 'kk;n og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k dkO; uk;d dks fey x;k gksrkA nksuksa xys yx x, gksrAs ysfdu eqfDrcks/k brus xSj&le>nkj dfo ugha FksA os tkurs Fks fd bl ns'k dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vHkh Hkh ,slh ugha gSa vkSj u gh turk us vHkh rd viuh 'kfDr dks bl çdkj igpkuk gS fd og bl iwjh lÙkk ds fojks/k esa [kM+h gks ldsA vHkh turk dks vius vkidks le>uk ckdh gS] viuh leL;kvksa dh ç—fr dks le>uk ckdh gS vkSj blhfy, og tks jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k gS dfork ds var esa fQj ls HkhM+ esa xk;c gks tkrk gSA ysfdu ml jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k ds HkhM+ esa xk;c gksus dk ,d vkSj vFkZ gS fd tks okLrfod rkdr gS & la?k"kZ dh] 'kks"k.k ds fojks/k dh] og turk esa gh gSA ckj&ckj eq>s ,slk yxrk gS fd og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k turk ds Hkhrj ls ckgj fudyrk gS vkSj cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dks 21 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 21@^v¡

fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA cqnf~ /kthoh igys nkSj esa mlls Mj tkrs gSa vkSj nwljs nkSj esa tc mldks idM+us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa rks fQj ls og turk esa gh pyk tkrk gSA 'kk;n tkrs&tkrs ;g dg tkrk gS fd vxj eq>s çkIr djuk gS rks turk ds chp esa vkvks] blls ckgj jgdj rqe eq>s çkIr ugha dj ldrsA bl çdkj bl dfork esa 'kk;n eqfDrcks/k dfo] dfork vkSj turk ds ,dkRe fj'rs dh vksj Hkh ladr s djrs gSAa ;gha ,d vkSj ladr s dks le>uk t:jh gSA eqfDrcks/k bl jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k esa euq dks ns[krs gSa & ^–<+ guq@ dksbZ vutkuh vu&igpkuh vk—frA@ dkSu og fn[kkbZ tks nsrk] ij@ ugha tkuk tkrk gS!@ dkSu euq\* fuf'pr :i ls vxj ge euq dk vFkZ ogh euq le>rs gSa ftlls euq"; dh Js.kh pyrh gS ;k euq"; dh csy pyrh gS rks ge Hkze esa gSAa eq>s yxrk gS fd euq dk ç;ksx djds dfo us gesa dsoy ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k dh gS fd ge euq"; gSa vkSj euq"; gksus ds ukrs ge vius dks çkIr djs]a ;g gekjh ftEesnkjh gSA 'kk;n çkjaHk esa gh os fLFkfr dks Li"V dj nsuk pkgrs gSa fd euq vxj ml ijaijk ls pyk vk jgk gS rks mldh vko';drk ugha gS pw¡fd og gesa fQj HkVdk,xk] fQj gesa vkn'kksZa dh pknj esa yisVxs kA blhfy, vkius ns[kk fd dfo dsoy ^dkSu euq\* ;g dgrk gS vkSj fQj ;g euq ihNs jg tkrk gS & fQj euq dfork esa vkrk gh ugha gSA eqfDrcks/k dk euq fuf'pr :i ls iqjk.k dk euq ugha gks ldrkA mldk psgjk rks fxjrs gq, iyLrjksa ls fudyrk gS ;k f[kjrh jsr ls fudyrk gS vkSj igpkuus esa ugha vkrkA blfy, ,dk/k 'kCn ds ç;ksx ds vk/kkj ij ge ;g u le>sa fd og mlh ikSjkf.kd euq dh ckr gSA dfo us flQZ vkt ds euq"; dks ladfs rr djuk pkgk gS] ,slk esjk ekuuk gSA vkSj ,d lanHkZ nsf[k,A dkO; uk;d idM+k tkrk gS] mls ,d LVwy ij cSBk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mldh [kksiM+h ij gFkkSMh+ pykbZ tkrh gSA ogk¡ dgk tkrk gS fd ml fçafVax çsl dks [kkstks ftlesa [k;kyksa ds ipsZ Nirs jgrs gSAa bl laLFkk ds lsØVs jh dks [kkstks] vkLFkk dks [kkstksA 'kk;n vkLFkk gh lsØVs jh gS ogk¡ dhA ,d vf/kdkjh dgrk gS fd ^LØhfuax djks & feLVj xqIrk]@ ØkWl ,Dtkfeu fge FkkWjksyh!!* bl rjg dh tks ckrsa dgh xbZ gSa os lh/ks&lh/ks bl vksj ladr s djrh gSa fd lRRkk vius fo#n~/k [kM+s gksus okys yksxksa dks fdl çdkj idM+rh gS] vkSj fdl çdkj ls mUgsa u"V djrh gSA ;g lh/kh&lh/kh pht fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA blesa eqfDrcks/k bfrgkl dh mu ?kVukvksa dks Hkh vius /;ku esa j[krs gSa ftu ?kVukvksa esa lRRkk ds fo#n~/k [kM+s gksus okys yksxksa dks ;k rks xksyh ekj nh tkrh gS] ;k Qk¡lh ij p<+k fn;k tkrk gS] ;k fQj mUgsa tsy esa lM+k fn;k tkrk gSA ,slh ?kVuk,¡ nqfu;k ds vf/kdka'k ns'kksa esa gqbZ gSAa vÝhdh ns'kksa dks ys ysa ;k ,f'k;k ds nwljs ns'kksa dks & ogk¡ ;s lkjh ?kVuk,¡ gqbZ gSAa eqfDrcksèk ds ckn Hkh gksrh jghaA ,d rks ;g fLFkfr gSA nwljh fLFkfr] ftlesa eqfDrcksèk cgqr xgjk ladr s djuk pkgrs gS]a ;g gS fd lRRkk ml O;fDr ls de Mjrh gS tks lkeus [kM+k gqvk gSA O;fDr dh rqyuk esa 22 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 22@^v¡

og fopkj ls T;knk Mjrh gSA blfy, lRRkk dh iwjh Vhe gS dkO; uk;d dks idM+dj LVwy ij fcBk nsrh gSA og mls ekj ugha jghA cfYd mlds efLr"d dks rksMd + j ml fçafVax çsl dks [kkst jgh gS] ml vkLFkk dks [kkst jgh gS tks ml laLFkk dh lsØVs jh gS tks lRRkk ds f[kykQ [kM+h gks jgh gS & ^bl laLFkk ds lsØVs ªh dks [kkst fudkyks]@ 'kk;n] mldk gh uke gks vkLFkkA* ;gk¡ ^vkLFkk* 'kCn cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA okLrfod pht ;g gS fd vkLFkkoku gksdj gh ge Økafr Hkh dj ldrs gSAa vxj Økafr ds çfr gekjk lhfer tqMk+ o gS rks og lhfer tqMk+ o gesa HkVdk nsrk gSA Økafr djus ls igys Økafr esa igys gekjh vkLFkk gksuh pkfg,A Økafr esa gekjk fo'okl gksuk pkfg,A gesa ;g yxuk pkfg, fd Økafr gh ,dek= jkLrk gS vkSj tc fdlh pht ds çfr gekjh vkLFkk gksrh gS rks ge mls vkRekfiZr djrs gSAa Økafr dks vkRekfiZr fd, fcuk] la?k"kZ dh Hkkouk dks vkRekfiZr fd, fcuk ge u rks la?k"kZ'khy gks ldrs gSa vkSj u gh fopkj'khyA vkLFkk 'kCn dk ç;ksx djds eqfDrcks/k ;gh dguk pkgrs gSa fd ml Økafr ds çfr vkLFkk gesa j[kuh gS vkSj ml vkLFkk dks feVkus dh] rksMu + s dh dksf'k'k lRRkk ;k mlds nyky ;k çfrfuf/k yxkrkj djrs gSAa os ml fçafVax çsl dks [kkstus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa ftlesa [k;kyksa ds ipsZ Nirs gSAa vFkkZr eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa fd Økafr dh çfØ;k ds nkSjku ,d ds ckn ,d fopkj yxkrkj pys vkrs gSAa Økafr fopkjksa dks jksdus dk uke ugha gSA fopkjksa dh Ük`[a kyk gj Økafr ds ihNs gksrh gSA vkSj lRRkk bl fopkjksa dh Ük`[a kyk dks gh rksM+ nsus pkgrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd iwjh Vhe ml fçafVax çsl dks [kkstuk pkgrh gS ftlesa [k;kyksa ds ipsZ yxkrkj Nirs jgrs gSAa rks] ;gk¡ rks eqfDrcks/k] dguk pkfg, fd cgqr lh/ks&lh/ks gesa lacksf/kr dj jgs gSAa lh/ks&lh/ks dg jgs gSa fd vxj ge la?k"kZ djus tk,¡xs ;k ge vxj Økafr djsxa s rks lÙkk gesa idM+xs h] gekjh vkLFkk ij geyk djsxh] gekjs fopkjksa dks /oLr djsxhA oLrqr% Økafr gfFk;kjksa ls T;knk fopkjksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA fopkj gh gS fdlh Økafr dks vkdkj nsrs gSAa bu fopkjksa ij gh ges'kk geys gksrs gSAa ml vkLFkk ij gh ges'kk geys gksrs gSa tks gesa fopkj dh rjQ c<+krh gS vkSj Økafr dks laHko cukrh gSA laHkor% fganh dfork esa eqfDrcks/k ds ckn bruk lh/kk lacks/ku ukxktqu Z nsrs gSAa vU;Fkk cgqr ls dfo rks HkVd tkrs gSa ,slk lacks/ku nsus esAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks çk;% nq:g dgdj Hkh vkykspdksa us blds Hkzfer ikB jps gSAa bl dfork dks le>us ds fy, njvly Lok/khurk ds i'pkr ds iwjs okrkoj.k dks le>uk gksxkA gesa ;g le>uk gksxk fd tks bl ns'k dh fLFkfr;ksa dks le>us okys yksx Fks] tks çxfr'khy yksx Fks] mu yksxksa us bl ns'k dh Lora=rk dks v/kwjh Lora=rk ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd jktuSfrd Lora=rk rc rd Lora=rk v/kwjh gS tc rd vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd Lora=rk çkIr ugha gks tkrhA Lora=rk ds ckn tks ns'k esa ifjfLFkfr;k¡ cuh gS]a os vR;fèkd tfVy vkSj laf'y"V gSAa lafo/kku ykxw gqvk] dkxtksa ijA ysfdu ml lafoèkku dk dHkh Hkh bl ns'k dh 23 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 23@^v¡

leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, lgh&lgh <ax ls mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;kA tgk¡ ekSdk iM+k] mlesa la'kks/ku ds ek/;e ls lRRkk us vius fy, dks vklku jkLrs cuk fy,A cgqr de lafo/kku&la'kks/ku turk dks /;ku esa j[kdj fd, x,A iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡ cukbZ xbZAa ijarq os ewyr% turk ds fgr esa ugha FkhaA mUgsa rks vktknh ls igys gh dqN iwt ¡ hifr;ksa n~okjk cuk;k x;k FkkA os VkVk&fcjyk dh ;kstuk,¡ FkhaA os ykxw gqb]aZ vkSj mudk dksbZ lqifj.kke bl ns'k dh turk dks ugha feykA tks uhfr;k¡ cuha os Hkh ewyr% tu fojks/kh fln~/k gqbAaZ tui{k/kjrk mu uhfr;ksa esa vR;Yi FkhA blfy, yxkrkj csjkstxkjh c<+rh pyh xbZ] yxkrkj eg¡xkbZ c<+rh pyh xbZ] vkSj turk dk è;ku csjkstxkjh ls] eg¡xkbZ ls] vkfFkZd eqíksa ls] fu/kZurk ls gVkus ds fy, lRRkk us ges'kk dqN cgqr [kwclwjr ukjksa dk ç;ksx fd;kA muesa ls ^xjhch gVkvks* ,d ukjk Fkk] muesa ls ^fodkl* ,d ukjk FkkA u xjhch gVh vkSj u gh fodkl gqvk bl ns'k esa ftl <ax ls gksuk pkfg, FkkA ;g rks vklku pht eSa vkils dg jgk gw¡A FkksMk+ lk vkidks nwljh rjQ ys tkus dh dksf'k'k d:¡ fd bl ns'k dh turk dks Toyar ç'uksa ls gVkus ds fy, ;k bl ns'k dh turk dks foæksg ds jkLrs ls gVkus ds fy, /keZ] laL—fr vkSj bfrgkl dk nq#i;ksx yxkrkj fd;k x;kA tkfrokn dk nq#i;ksx fd;k x;kA lkaçnkf;d 'kfDr;ksa us bl ns'k dh turk dk HkkoukRed 'kks"k.k fd;kA ;s fLFkfr;k¡ yxkrkj pyrh jghaA vkt Hkh ;g lc gks jgk gSA dgus dk vFkZ ;g gS fd bl ns'k dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vR;fèkd dfBu vkSj vR;f/kd tfVy jgh gSa vkSj yxkrkj gks jgh gSAa cgqr laf'y"V ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ge th jgs gS]a cgqr Hk;kud ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa th jgs gSAa vxj ge lekt esa tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa th jgs gSa rks dfork vklku dSls gks ldrh gS\ vxj ge lekt esa laf'y"V ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa th jgs gSa rks dfork bdgjh dSls gks ldrh gS\ ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ogh dfork vklku dgh tk ldrh gS ftl dfork esa dsoy mins'k fn;k x;k gksA ftl dfork esa ;FkkfLFkfroknh fp=.k fd;k x;k gks] ftl dfork esa jksekal dk mi;ksx] jksekuh Hkkouk dk mi;ksx dsoy lkSna ;Z fp=.k djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gks] ;k ftl dfork esa gesa vk/;kfRedrk fl[kkus dh ckrsa dh xbZ gks]a og vklku yx ldrh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks le>us ls igys vkidks viuh tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>uk gksxkA ;g gekjk /keZ gSA ;g ikBdrkZvksa dk /keZ gS fd ftu yksxksa ds chp esa ml dfork dk ikB dj jgs gS]a os ljy Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djds igys tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>k,¡ rc dfork ljy yxsxhA ,d pht eSa vkils dgrk gw¡] ftanxh gS vkSj bl ftanxh dk v¡/ksjk can dejk gSA ml dejs esa ,d O;fDr tks ?kwe jgk gS FkksMh+ nsj ckn og O;fDr fn[kkbZ ns tkrk gSA ckn esa ftldh ftanxh can v¡/ksjk dejk gS og bl O;fDr ds çfr vkd"kZ.k eglwl djrk gS ysfdu viuh detksfj;ksa ls Mj tkrk gSA tks O;fDr mls fn[kkbZ nsrk gS og dgha pyk tkrk gSA ,d tqyl w fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ftl tqyl w esa lkjh os 'kfDr;k¡ gSa tks tu fojks/kh gSa vkSj gesa ijs'kku dj jgh gS]a 'kks"k.k dj jgh gSAa ml 24 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 24@^v¡

tqyl w dks Mj gksrk gS] ;k ml tqyl w esa 'kkfey yksxksa dks Mj gksrk gS fd blus gesa uaxk ns[k fy;k gS] ;g gekjs uaxis u dks fnu esa yksxksa ls dg ldrk gSA ml O;fDr dks idM+ fy;k tkrk gSA mldk flj rksMk+ tkrk gSA mlds ckn og O;fDr viuh detksfj;ksa dh ppkZ djrk gS fd eSa cgqr detksj gw]¡ eq>s viuh detksfj;ksa ls yxko gS] eq>s viuh vlqfo/kkvksa ls yxko gSA blfy, eSa dqN dj ugha ldrkA og vius vki ls ç'u djus yxrk gS fd mlus vc rd D;k thou ft;k gS vkSj vc rd mlus D;k fd;k gSA mlds ckn dgha xksyh py tkrh gS] dgha vkx yx tkrh gS] Økafr gks tkrh gSA og O;fDr ml Økafr dks ns[krk jgrk gSA mlesa 'kkfey gksus dh bPNk gksrh gSA mldh rS;kjh ds fy, mls dqN ,sls pfj= feyrs gSa tks bfrgkl ds ik= gSAa mldks xka/kh feyrs gS]a r¨YLr¨; mldks feyrs gS]a fryd mldks feyrs gSAa xka/kh mls ,d cPpk ns tkrs gS]a tks bl ns'k dh turk gh gSA mls bl ns'k dk Hkfo"; le> yhft,A vkxs pydj og O;fDr mu yksxksa dks igpku ysrk gS tks bl ns'k dh Økafr ds fojks/kh gS]a ftUgsa cqnf~ /kthoh gksus dk Hkze gSA og O;fDr ladYi djrk gS fd vc rks lkjs eB vkSj x<+ rksMu + s gh gksxa As blds ckn fQj mls ogh O;fDr fn[kkbZ nsrk gS tks igys fn[kkbZ fn;k FkkA ysfdu fn[kkbZ nsdj ;g O;fDr HkhM+ esa [kks tkrk gSA ns[kus okyk O;fDr mls viuk xq# Lohdkj dj ysrk gSA ;g dgkuh bl dfork esa gSA bl dgkuh dks lef>, vkSj ckdh fp=ksa dks vyx jf[k,A rHkh dfork vkidks vklku yxsxhA la{ksi esa dgw¡ rks ,d O;fDr gS tks viuh ftanxh dh okLrfodrk dks igpkurk gS] viuh detksfj;ksa dks igpkurk gSA og O;fDr bl ns'k dh turk dk fojks/k djus okys ;k 'kks"k.k djus okys eBksa vkSj x<+kas dks igpku ysrk gS vkSj mu ij geyk djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS vkSj var esa turk ds chp esa igq¡pus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA ;g gS og dfork tks gels tqMh+ gqbZ gSA bl –f"V ls ;g dfork dfBu dfork ugha gSA ysfdu LoIu 'kSyh esa fy[kh xbZ gS rks ge ml dfork ls /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, dgrs gSa fd ;g dfBu dfork gSA vki pkgsa rks bl dfork dks ,d&,d fp= ds :i esa Hkh le>k ldrs gSAa ,d&,d [kaM ds :i esa Hkh le>k ldrs gSAa vkb, tjk bl dfork ds vafre rhu [kaMksa dks ns[ksAa ,d [kaM esa dfo gSa ^rksMu + s gh gksxa s eB vkSj x<+ lHkh* dgrk gSA nwljs [kaM esa cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dh dybZ [kksyrk gS fd ^jDrik;h oxZ ls ukfHkuky&cn~/k ;s lc yksx*A vafre [kaM esa dfo ml O;fDr dks idM+us dh dksf'k'k djrk gS tks 'kq: esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj turk esa xk;c gks tkrk gSA fQj og turk dh vksj tkus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS vkSj dgrk gS & ^eSa mldk f'k"; gw¡@ og esjh xq# gSA* dgk¡ dfBu dfork gS\ ;g mruh gh dfBu gS ftruk gekjk thou dfBu gS vkSj mruh gh ljy Hkh gS ftruk ljy gekjk thou] gekjs ns'k rFkk lekt dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡A var es]a eSa iwjh ftEesnkjh ds lkFk ;g Hkh dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd vxj vki ledkyhu Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dh nl dfork,¡ pqu]as rks muesa eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs 25 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 25@^v¡

es*a dfork fuf'pr :i ls vk,xhA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa cgqr de yach dfork,¡ ,slh gSa tks ^v¡/ksjs es*a tSlh vkx j[krh gSAa dqN dfork,¡ gSa fuf'pr :i ls] ysfdu ^v¡/ksjs es*a tks çHkko iSnk djrh gS ml çHkko esa vkSj mu dforkvksa ds çHkko esa FkksMk+ varj gSA os vius&vius Hkk"kklektksa esa jgdj ds fy[kh xbZ gS]a ogk¡ dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fy[kh xbZ gSa vkSj mudk viuk egRo gSA

26 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 26@^v¡

eqfDrcks/k % thou vkSj dfork & Mƒ- xqjZedksaMk uhjtk vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkus gh gksxa As rksMu + s gh gksxa s eB vkSj x<+ lcA xxx vu&[kksth fut le`nf~ /k dk og ije mRd"kZ] ije vfHkO;fDr---eSa mldk f'k"; gw¡ og esjh xq# gS] xq# gS!! xxx çR;sd ekuoh; LokuqHkwr vkn'kZ foosd&çfØ;k] fØ;kxr ifj.kfr!! [kkstrk gw¡ iBkj--A igkM+---A leqna j tgk¡ fey lds eq>s esjh og [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj vkRe&laHkok! ¼v¡/ksjs es½a vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBkus okys dfo eqfDrcks/k ¼13 uoacj] 1917 & 11 flracj] 1964½ dks êkuoh; vardZFkk,¡ cgqr I;kjh gS*a ¼czge ~ jk{kl½A mudk ekuuk gS fd ekuo lac/a k lekt ds fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk ifjofrZr gksrs jgrs gSAa vkt tc ;g dgk tk jgk gS fd dfo ej pqdk gS] dfork ej pqdh gS vkSj fopkj gh jg x, gSa ,sls esa eqfDrcks/k dk ;g rdZ lehphu çrhr gksrk gS fd ûgha gksrh] dgha Hkh dfork [kRe ugha gksrhA* fopkj ds lac/a k esa Hkh mudk er mYys[kuh; gSA os dgrs gSa fd êu dh gj gjdr ;k çfrfØ;k fopkj ugha gksrhA ç'u esa gh ;fn mRRkj lek;k gqvk nh[krk gS rks og dsoy ço`fRRk dk gh nwljk uke gSA eu dh mxz çfrfØ;k gh vktdy fopkj dgykrh gSA fopkj dks dlus dh dksbZ vkWCtsfDVo dlkSVh ugha gS\ dlkSVh gh D;ks\a t:jr Hkh D;k gS\* ¼,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`- 75&76½A muds vuqlkj rks varjkRek ls fudyk gqvk cks/k] Hkko ;k fu.kZ; gh mfpr gS] ogh laxr gSA KkukRed laons uk vkSj laons ukRed Kku dh ckrsa djus okys xtkuu 27 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 27@^v¡

ekèko eqfDrcks/k dk tUe 13 uoacj] 1917 dks Xokfy;j ds ';ksijq uked dLcs esa gqvk FkkA mudk ckY;dky :lh Økafr dk dky FkkA ;g og nkSj Fkk tc euq";rk fo'o ;qn/~ k dh fpaxkfj;ksa esa >qyl jgh FkhA eqfDrcks/k ds firk Xokfy;j jkt esa iqfyl vf/kdkjh FksA vr% eqfDrcks/k dh vkjafHkd f'k{kk mTtSu esa gqbAZ 1930 esa mTtSu esa fefMy ijh{kk esa vlQy gq, ftls os vius thou dh igyh egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk ekurs gSAa mlds ckn fQj mUgksu a s i<+kbZ dk flyflyk tkjh j[kkA 1938 esa bankSj dƒyst ls ch-,- rFkk 1953 esa ukxiqj fo'ofon~;ky; ls ,e-,- dh mikf/k çkIr dhA mUgksu a s 1935 ls gh lkfgR; l`tu 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA os vKs; n~okjk laikfnr ^rkj lIrd* ¼1941½ ds igys dfo FksA eqfDrcks/k ds le; ij –f"V dsfa ær djus ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd yanu esa 1934 esa çxfr'khy y[kd la?k dk xBu gqvkA çsepan us laxBu dk Lokxr fd;kA y[kuÅ esa vçSy 1936 esa çsepan dh v/;{krk esa çxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dk igyk vf/kos'ku laiUu gqvkA ;gh le; eqfDrcks/k dh jpukèkfeZrk dk çkjafHkd le; FkkA 1935 esa mudh igyh jpuk,¡ çdkf'kr gqb]aZ ftu ij ek[kuyky prqonZs h dk çHkko jgkA blesa langs ugha fd thou ds fur u, vuqHko mUgsa fujarj çkIr gksrs jgsA blhfy, 'kk;n os dgrs gSa fd ^esjs thou dk fojke!@ fur pyrk gh jgk gS esjk euks/kke@ xfr esa gh mldh lal`fr gSA@ fur uo thou esa mUufr gS@ fur uo vuqHko gSa vfoJke@ eu lnk r`f"kr larr ldkeA* ¼thou ;k=k@ eqfDrcks/k jpukoyh&1@ ¼la½ usfepaæ tSu@ i`- 66½A eqfDrcks/k ewyr% dfo gSAa mUgksu a s Lo;a fy[kk gS fd ^eSa eq[;r% fopkjd u gksdj dsoy dfo gw¡A fdarq vkt dk ;qx ,slk gS fd fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij mls Hkh eukseFa ku djuk iM+rk gSA vius dkO;&thou dh ;k=k esa tks fparu djuk iM+k] og foK ikBdksa ds lEeq[k çLrqr dj jgk gw¡A* ¼ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fuca/k] i`- 1½A eqfDrcks/k dk dkO; laxgz ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* mudh e`R;q ds ckn 1964 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA mudh çeq[k —fr;k¡ gSa & dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj] ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fuca/k] u, lkfgR; dk lkSna ;Z'kkL=] leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /kwy] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] dkB dk liuk] foik=] lrg ls mBrk vkneh] esjs ;qotu esjs ifjtu] Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr] 'ks"k&v'ks"k] ç'ufpg~u ckS[kyk mBs vkfnA mudk lexz lkfgR; jpukoyh ds Ng [kaMksa esa çdkf'kr gSA 1981 esa ^lrg ls mBrk vkneh* dks ef.k dkSy us fQYek;kA 2004 esa eqfDrcks/k ds thou dks ^czge ~ jk{kl dk f'k";* uked ukV~; :i esa çLrqr fd;k x;kA eqfDrcks/k ds thou vkSj mudh dfork dks yksx vius vius erkuqlkj fo'ysf"kr djrs gSAa fdlh us eqfDrcks/k dks ^foæksgh* dgk ¼gfj'kadj ijlkbZ½ rks fdlh us ^foy{k.k çfrHkk* ¼'ke'ksj cgknqj flag½ rks fdlh us ^dfBu le; ds 28 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 28@^v¡

dfBu dfo* ¼v'kksd oktis;h½A ,d vksj os ^czge ~ jk{kl dk f'k";* ¼Jhdkar oekZ½ gSa rks nwljh vksj ^vkRela?k"kZ dk dfo* ¼uanfd'kksj uoy½A ,d vksj dqN yksx eqfDrcks/k ij nq:grk dk vkjksi yxkrs gSa rks nwljh vksj nsoh'kadj voLFkh dgrs gSa fd eqfDrcks/k muds fy, ^vtuch ugha* gSA jes'kpaæ 'kkg dgrs gSa fd eqfDrcksèk gh igys cM+s lkfgR;dkj Fks fganh ds ftUgsa i= fy[kdj lacksf/kr djus dk eu djrk FkkA Hkys gh eqfDrcks/k ls jes'kpaæ 'kkg dh HksVa mudh #X.kkoLFkk ds nkSjku Hkksiky esa gqbZ fQj Hkh mUgsa ,slk ugha yxrk fd os eqfDrcks/k dks ugha tkursA vr% os dgrs gSa fd eqfDrcks/k ^vius ys[ku esa gh Hkjiwj mifLFkr Fks esjs fy, & viuh jpuk/kfeZrk fuoS; Z fDrd rstfLork esa gh ugha] cfYd lk{kkr /kM+drs&cksyrs çR;{k O;fDrRo ds :i esa HkhA* ¼jes'kpaæ 'kkg ¼2016½] vkokg~;kfe] ubZ fnYyh % fdrkc ?kj] i`- 47½A eqfDrcks/k dk thou ljy vkSj likV jkg ls ugha xqtjkA mUgsa gj eksM+ ij leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ftanxh ds vafre {k.k esa Hkh mUgsa la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA ,slk tku iM+rk gS fd ekuks la?k"kZ gh mudk thou gSA 'kk;n blhfy, mUgksu a s fy[kk gksxk fd êq>s dne&dne ij@ pkSjkgs feyrs gS@ a ck¡gas QSyk,!!@ ,d iSj j[krk gw¡@ fd lkS jkgsa QwVrha]@ o eSa mu lc ij ls xqtjuk pkgrk gw¡(@ cgqr vPNs yxrs gS@ a muds rtqcZs vkSj vius lius--@ lc vPNs yxrs gS(a @ vthc&lh vdqykgV fny esa mHkjrh gS]@ eSa dqN xgjs esa mrjuk pkgrk gw¡] tkus D;k fey tk,!!* ¼eq>s dne&dne ij@ xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`- 77½A eqfDrcks/k ds thou vkSj l`tu dks le>uk gks rks fdukjs cSBs jgus ls dke ugha py ldrkA ^ftu [kkstk fru ikb;k¡] xgjs ikuh iSBA ¼dchj½A eqfDrcksèk ds lac/a k esa 'kjn tks'kh dk dguk gS fd êqfDrcks/k esa tgk¡ ,d vksj nwljksa ds lkFk ?kqyus&feyus dh yyd jgrh Fkh] ogha nwljh vksj muesa rVLFkrk dk Hkko Hkh lnk fon~;eku jgrk FkkA og lgt gh ?kfu"Brk LFkkfir ugha dj ikrs FksA* ¼eksrhjke oekZ ¼2004½] yf{kr eqfDrcks/k] ubZ fnYyh % us'kuy ifCyf'kax gkml] i`- 265½A vkXU;s'dk lksuh dgrh gSa fd êqfDrcks/k dks ysdj eu esa tks f>>d Fkh] muls feyrs gh og vuk;kl nwj gks xbZ--A os bl dnj vkReh; Hkko ls is'k vk,A ge mUgha ds ;gk¡ Bgjs Fks] nks&rhu fnu dk lkFk jgkA muds ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds lkFk ge ?kqy&fey x,A eglwl gh ugha gqvk fd ge nwj ls vk, gq, gSAa -- eSu a s vuqHko fd;k] os gj nqfu;koh ?kVuk dks futh Lrj ij thrs gSAa mudk ftØ djrs djrs os Hkkokdqy gks mBrs Fks] tSls tks dqN pkjksa vksj gks jgk gS] mudk O;fDr mldks dsæa fcanq cu dj thrk&Hkksxrk gSA tgk¡ çxfrdkeh 'kfDr;ksa dk fodkl mUgsa iqyfdr djrk Fkk] ogha çfrfØ;koknh vojks/kksa ls mUgsa Bsl igq¡prh FkhA bl çdkj mudk ân; mYykl vkSj ihM+k dk ,d lefUor dks"k utj vkrk FkkA* ¼ogh] i`- 269½A 29 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 29@^v¡

vkXU;s'dk lksuh us eqfDrcks/k ds O;fDrRo esa ftl mYykl vkSj ihM+k ds n~ona o~ dks eglwl fd;k ogh eqfDrcks/k dh jpukvksa esa Hkh eq[kfjr gSA os eqfDr pkgrs gSa 'kks"k.k ls] ;kruk lsA vr% os dgrs gS]a êSa ifj.kr gw¡]@ dfork esa dgus dh vknr ugha] ij dg nw¡@ orZeku lekt py ugha ldrkA@ iw¡th ls tqMk+ gqvk ân; cny ugha ldrk]@ Lokra«; O;fDr dk oknh@ Ny ugha ldrk eqfDr ds eu dks]@ tu dksA* ¼v¡/ksjs es]a xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfufèk dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`- 77½A es?kukFk duksts eqfDrcks/k ds O;fDrRo ds lac/a k esa dgrs gSa fd mudk Ô;fDrRo fo'kqn/~ kr% oSpkfjd FkkA vius fln~/kkarksa ds çfr muesa beks'kuy #>ku Hkh FkhA viuh mxz fopkj/kkjk ij og vuq'kklu j[kus dk ç;kl djrs Fks] ;n~;fi ;gk¡ ;g vk'oklu Fkk fd foijhr fLFkfr dnkfpr gh mRiUu gksxhA ekDlZoknh ds çfr vkLFkk j[kus ds dkj.k lkE;oknh jk"Vªkas dh çxfr mUgsa mRlkfgr fd, j[krh FkhA fdarq vkLFkk va/kfo'okl ;k va/kJn~/kk dh n~;ksrd ugha FkhA --- eqfDrcks/k esa jktuhfrd psruk vR;f/kd rhoz ek=k esa FkhA ge mUgsa baVjus'kuy ikWfyfVDl dk ,DliVZ ekurs FksA* ¼eksrhjke oekZ ¼2004½] yf{kr eqfDrcks/k] ubZ fnYyh % us'kuy ifCyf'kax gkml] i`- 265½A eqfDrcks/k ik[kaM dks lgu ugha djrsA 'kk;n blhfy, mudh vkRek ph[k mBrh gS ^brus çk.k] brus gkFk( bruh cqnf~ /k@ bruk Kku] laL—fr vkSj var%'kqnf~ èk@ bruk fnO;] bruk HkO;] bruh 'kfDr@ ;g lkSna ;Z] og oSfp«;] bZ'oj&HkfDr@ bruk dkO;] brus 'kCn] brus Nan&@ ftruk <ksxa ] ftruk Hkksx gS fuca/Z k@ bruk xw<]+ bruk xk<+] lqna j tky&@ dsoy ,d tyrk lR; nsus VkyA* ¼îw¡thoknh lekt ds çfr*] xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`- 77½A v'kksd oktis;h dh ekU;rk gS fd êqfDrcks/k bl vdlj [kqjnjs vkSj jlghu yxrs lalkj dh cgqyrk vkSj fofo/krk ds] euq"; dh vijkts;rk ds i{kèkj ,d tkx:d dfo gSA eqfDrcks/k dh dfork esa –<+ O;fDrRo gS] ij viuh lkekftd ftEesnkjh le>us] nwljksa ls [kqydj feyus vkSj muds lkFk feydj la?k"kZ djus okyk O;fDrRoA mlds var%dj.k dk vk;ru laf{kIr ugha gSA og viuh ftEesnkjh vkSj f'kjdr dks csf>>d Lohdkj djrk gS] nwljksa ij nks"kkjksi.k djuk mldk LoHkko ugha gSA blhfy, eqfDrcks/k dh dfork xgjs uSfrd cksèk ls vuqçkf.kr gSA* ¼v'kksd oktis;h] Hkwfedk] xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`- 6&7½A eqfDrcks/k us Lo;a viuh dfork ^dgus nks mUgsa tks ;g dgrs gS*a esa dgk gS fd ^dgus nks mUgsa tks ;g dgrs gS&a @ ^lQy thou fcrkus esa gq, vleFkZ rqe!@ rjDdh ds xksy&xksy@ ?kqekonkj pDdjnkj@ Åij c<+rs gq, thus ij p<+us dh@ p<+rs gh tkus dh@ mUufr ds ckjs es@ a rqEgkjh gh tgjhyh@ mis{kk ds dkj.k] 30 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 30@^v¡

fujFkZd rqe] O;FkZ rw!!* ¼dgus nks mUgsa tks ;g dgrs gS]a xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcksèk % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`-111&112½ eqfDrcks/k O;fDrxr bZekunkjh dks vR;f/kd egRo nsrs FksA blhfy, mUgksu a s ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* esa fy[kk gS fd êSa viuh cqnf~ /k n~okjk ân; dks laikfnr vkSj la'kksf/kr djrk vk;k gw¡A ;g çfØ;k fcYdqy cpiu ls gh py jgh gSA ftanxh ,d egkfon~;ky; ;k fo'ofon~;ky; ugha gSA og ,d çkbejh Ldwy gS] tgk¡ VkV&iV~Vh ij cSBuk iM+rk gS] tjk&lh ckr ij pk¡Vs ds vk?kkr dh lkjh laons uk,¡ xkyksa ij >syuh iM+rh gSAa * ¼eqfDrcks/k] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`100½A mUgksu a s thou ls fujis{k lkfgR; dh lRRkk dks vLohdkj fd;kA vius ;qx dh gzklksUeq[k ço`fRRk;ksa ls HkyhHkk¡fr ifjfpr FksA blhfy, mUgksu a s bl ckr ij cy fn;k fd ^vkt dk dfo ,d ,sls ;qx esa jg jgk gS tgk¡ ekuo lH;rk lac/a kh ç'u egRoiw.kZ gks mBs gSAa pkjksa vksj uSfrd gzkl ds –'; fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSAa uksp&[klksV] voljokn] Hkz"Vkpkj dk cktkj xeZ gSA dy ds elhgk vkt mRihM+d gks mBs gSAa lkekt ds Hkhrj ds fofHkUu oxksZa dh [kkb;k¡ vkSj Hkh pkSMh+ gks xbZ gSAa * ¼eqfDrckèk] ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fuca/k] i`- 14½A mUgksu a s viuh dforkvksa esa Hkh bu lc fLFkfr;ksa dh vksj ladr s fd;k gSA eqfDrcks/k dh ppkZ gks vkSj mudh dfork ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh ppkZ u gks ,slk gks gh ugha ldrkA D;ksfa d eqfDrcks/k dk uke ysrs gh vuk;kl ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork Le`friVy ij vorfjr gks tkrh gSA 1964 esa ;g dfork igyh ckj gSnjkckn ls çdkf'kr if=dk ^dYiuk* esa eqfDrcks/k dh e`R;q ds ,d eghus ds ckn NihA ukeoj flag dks ;g dfork îje vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* çrhr gksrh gS rks jkefoykl 'kekZ dks êqfDrcks/k dk vkRela?k"kZ*A v'kksd oktis;h mu fnuksa dks ;kn djrs gq, fy[krs gSa fd êqfDrcks/k us tks yach dfork] Vkbi dh gqb]Z Hksth] mldk 'kh"kZd Fkk ^vk'kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a A mldh yackbZ bruh vfèkd Fkh fd vxj gekjh cRRkhl i`"Bksa dh if=dk ¼iquoZl½q fudy Hkh xbZ gksrh] tks nqHkkZX; ls ugha fudy ldh] rks mldk ços'kkad fo'ks"kkad gksrk ftlesa ml dfork ds vykok dqN vkSj gksus dh xqt a kb'k u gksrhA* ¼v'kksd oktis;h] re&'kwU; esa rSjrh txr&leh{kk] bu n MkdZ] ¼^v¡/ksjs es*a dk vaxt sz h vuqokn½] —".k cynso cSn] 2001] uks,Mk % jsucks ifCy'klZ] i`- 62½A yach dfork ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk Qyd bruk foLr`r gS fd blesa jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k] jgLe; O;fDr] Mksekth mLrkn] fryd] xka/kh] rŸLr¨;] ekspkZ] tqyl w ] xksykckjh] cSM a ny] vusd fdLe dh vk—fr;k¡] taxy] eksVkZj] vkfVZyjh] lSfudksa ds iFkjk;s pgjs] 'ko ;k=k] ek'kZy yk vkfn lc dqN lgt :i ls lekfgr çrhr gksrk gSA blesa vusd çrhdks]a fcacksa vkSj egkLoIuksa dk lek;kstu gSA bl dfork dk fo'ys"k.k fon~okuksa us vius&vius <ax ls fd;k gSA ij eqfDrcks/k us Lo;a blds ckjs esa D;k fy[kk gS] ;gk¡ bl ij –f"V dsfa ær djuk lehphu gksxkA 31 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 31@^v¡

19 fnlacj] 1963 dks mUgksu a s vkXU;s'dk lksuh dks ,d i= fy[kk & dfork Hkstus ls iwoAZ mlesa mUgksu a s ;g Li"V fd;k fd ^eSa viuh ,d dfork vkids ikl Hkstus dks bPNqd FkkA mls eSu a s Vkbi djk fy;k gSA cgqr yach gSA vki Åc tk,¡xhA vçdkf'kr gS ogA Vkbfiax esa cgqr Hkwyas gSAa dksbZ if=dk ,slh ugha tks mls NkisA laHko gS] og dfork Hkh cgqr jn~nh fdLe dh vkSj rhljs ntsZ dh gSA vkids ikl Hkstus esa eq>s ladksp gksrk gSA mlesa ,d vk'kadk gS] v¡/ksjh vk'kadk dk okrkoj.k gS & dgha gekjs Hkkjr esa ,slk&oSlk u gksA* ¼uanfd'kksj uoy ¼2005 igyh vko`fRRk½] ^v¡/ksjs esa % ,d fo'ys"k.k]* eqfDrcks/k % Kku vkSj laons uk] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey çdk'ku] i`- 445½A 1291 iafDr;ksa dh ;g dfork 8 Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA bl dfork dk vkjaHk jgLe; –'; ls gksrk gSA frfyLeh [kksg esa dksbZ ,d O;fDr yxkrkj pDdj yxk jgk gSA mlds iSjksa dh vkokt rks lqukbZ nsrh gS ij og O;fDr ugha nh[krk & ^ftanxh ds----@ dejksa esa v¡/ksj@ s yxkrk gS pDdj@ dksbZ ,d yxkrkj&@ vkokt iSjksa dh nsrh gS lqukbZ@ ckj&ckj--A ckj&ckj]@ og ugha nh[krk--A ugha gh nh[krk]@ fdar]q og jgk ?kwe@ frfyLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj dksbZ ,d&* ¼v¡/ksjs es]a xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl] i`- 126½A vpkud iyLrj fxjrh gS] pwus Hkjh jsr f[kjrh gS] iifM+;k¡ f[kldrh gSa vkSj [kqn&c&[kqn dksbZ psgjk cu tkrk gS] ftldk yykV HkO; gS] ukd uqdhyh vkSj guq –<+A dfo ç'u djrk gS ^dkSu euq\* ¼ogh] i`-127½A ;g euq fdlds çrhd gS\a Hkys gh Mƒ- jkefoykl 'kekZ ^dkek;uh* ds euq ls eqfDrcks/k ds euq dk fp= feyrk&tqyrk ekurs gS]a ;g euq ^dkek;uh* dk euq ugha gSA t;'kadj çlkn us ^dkek;uh* ds euq dks nso lH;rk ds fouk'k ,oa ekuo lH;rk dh l`f"V ds çrhd ekuk gS rks eqfDrcks/k dk euq mudh ije vfHkO;fDr gSA ,d og euq Fkk tks mRRkqxa f'k[kj ij cSBdj f'kyk dh 'khry Nkag dks ns[k jgk Fkk rks ,d ;g euq gS tks ^fcBk nsrk gS rqxa f'k[kj ds@ [krjukd] [kqjnjs dxkj&rV ijA* –'; cny tkrk gSA rkykc ds ikl v¡/ksjs esa ou&o`{k ped mBrs gSAa ^ukp mBrh gSa fctfy;k¡*] ^frfyLeh [kksg dk f'kyk&n~okj@ [kqyrk gS /kM+ lsA* ¼ogh] i`-128½A lkeus dqgjs esa jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k dk lk{kkRdkj gksrk gS & ^dqgjs es]a lkeus] jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k ,d]@ jgL; lk{kkr!!* ¼ogh½A ;gh jgLe; O;fDr 'kk;n njokts dh lkady [kV[kVkrk gSA dfo blh jgL;e; O;fDr dks ^vc rd u ik;h esjh vfHkO;fDr* ¼ogh½ dgrk gSA vk/kh jkr dks lkady jg jgdj ct mBrh gS rks dfo ç'u djrk gS & ^vk/kh jkr] brus v¡/ksjs es]a dkSu vk;k feyus\* ¼ogh] i`- 130½A ;g ogh O;fDr gS tks dfo dks ^b'kkjs ls crkrk gS] le>krk gS]@ ân; dks nsrk gS fctyh ds >Vds!!* ¼ogh½A mls ns[kdj dkO; uk;d dks vuk;kl gh I;kj meM+rk rks gSA og pkgrk gS fd mBdj mls ck¡gksa 32 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 32@^v¡

esa dl ysa fdarq mlesa bruh 'kfDr ugha jgh fd os mB ldsAa ckj&ckj dfork esa dfo dk varnZo~ na o~ eq[kfjr gksrk gSA tc dkO; uk;d tksj yxkdj njoktk [kksyrk gS rks ogk¡ ^lwuh gS jkg] vthc gS QSyko]@ lnZ v¡/ksjkA* ¼ogh] i`- 132½A mls ckgj dksbZ fn[kkbZ ugha nsrAs rc jkr dk ,d i{kh dgrk gS & ôg pyk x;k gS]@ og ugha vk,xk] vk,xk gh ugha@ vc rsjs n~okj ijA@ og fudy x;k gS xk¡o esa 'kgj es!a @ mldks rw [kkst vc@ mldk rw 'kks/k dj!@ og rsjh iw.kZre ije vfHkO;fDr]@ mldk rw f'k"; gS ¼;n~;fi iykrd---½@ og rsjs xq# gS@ xq# gS--* ¼ogh] i`- 133½A dkO;uk;d mldks <w< ¡ u + s dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA vpkud mls rƒYLrkW; dk psgjk nh[krk gS & ^'kk;n] rkWYLrkW;&uqek@ dksbZ og vkneh@ vkSj gS]@ esjs fdlh Hkhrj /kkxs dk vkf[kjh Nksj og]@ vufy[ks esjs miU;kl dk@ dsæa h; laons ukA* ¼ogh] i`- 134&135½A ,sls esa e/;&jkf= ds v¡/ksjs esa og cSM a dh vkokt lqurk gSA dkO; uk;d jkr esa tkxdj ^ns[k jgk@ jksekapdkjh ;g tknqbZ djkekr!!* ¼ogh] i`- 136½A dfo us fofp= e`r vkRekvksa ds tqyl w dk fp= [khapk gS& ^dkys] dkys ?kksMk+ as ij [kkdh fefyVªh Mªl S ]@ psgjs dk vk/kk Hkkx flanjw h&xs#vk@ vk/kk Hkkx dksyrkjh HkSjo] Hk;kud!!* ¼ogh] i`- 137½A vkSj bl tqyl w esa duZy] fcxzfs M;j] tujy] ek'kZy] lsukifr] lsuk/;{k] vkykspd] fopkjd] dfo] ea=h] mn~;ksxifr] fon~oku ds lkFk&lkFk dq[;kr gR;kjk Mksekth mLrkn 'kkfey gSAa dkO; uk;d vkReeaFku djrk jgrk gSA mlds le{k ^Hkhrj dk jk{klh LokFkZ vc@ lkQ mHkj vk;k gS]@ Nqis gq, mís';@ ;gk¡ fu[kj vk, gS*a ¼ogh] i`- 138½A fopkjksa dh fQjdh lj esa ?kwerk gh gS fd vpkud ^lM+d ij mB [kM+k gks x;k 'kksj&@ ekjks xksyh] nkxks Llkys dks ,dne* ¼ogh½A cl mldk LoIu VwV tkrk gSA ysfdu tkx`r voLFkk esa fQj og LoIu ;kn vkrk gS rks og iqufoZpkj djrk gS & ^xgu e`rvkRek,¡ blh uxj dh@ gj jkr tqyl w esa pyrha]@ ijar]q fnu es@ a cSBrh gSa feydj djrh gqbZ "kM~;= a @ fofHkUu n¶rjks&a dk;kZy;ks]a dsæa ksa es]a ?kjksa esAa * ¼ogh] i`- 139½A ;g o"kZ ¼2017½ eqfDrcks/k dk 'krkCnh o"kZ gSA bl lanHkZo'k ;gk¡ eqfDrcksèk dh jpuk êSa mudk gh gksrk* çLrqr djus dk yksHk&laoj.k ugha dj ik jgh gw¡& êSa mudk gh gksrk] ftuls eSu a s :i&Hkko ik, gSAa os esjs gh fg;s c¡/ks gSa tks e;kZnk,¡ yk, gSAa esjs 'kCn] Hkko muds gS]a esjs iSj vkSj iFk esjk] esjk var vkSj vFk esjk] 33 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 33@^v¡

,sls fdarq pko muds gSAa eSa Å¡pk gksrk pyrk gw¡ muds vksNis u ls fxj&fxj] muds fNN~yis u ls [kqn&[kqn] eSa xgjk gksrk pyrk gw¡A* ¼xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼2016] iPphlok¡ laLdj.k½] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey isijcSDl½

34 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 34@^v¡

eq f Drcks / k% O;fDrRo ds vk;ke & MkW- lkfgjkckuw ch- cksjxy fdlh Hkh lkfgR;dkj dh ys[kdh; ÅtkZ vkSj ekufldrk ds fuekZ.k esa mlds ikfjokfjd ifjos’k dk fo’ks”k egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA mldk izkjafHkd izfrHkk dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA mldh jpukvksa esa O;kIr thou&n’kZu] fopkj/kkjk] lkekftd psruk ;k ;ksa dgsa fd mldh lai.w kZ jpuk/kkfeZrk mlds vius ifjos’k ls gh ifjpkfyr gksrh gSA fdlh Hkh ys[kd dk laons u’khy eu vius le; ds lkFk Vdjkrk jgrk gS vkSj /khjs&/khjs mlds vanj ,d ys[kd dk fodkl gksrk jgrk gSA xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k dk tUe 13 uoacj] 1917 dks Xokfy;kj fj;klr ds varxZr ‘;ksijq ¼ftyk eqju S k½ esa gqvk FkkA muds firk ek/ko jko Xokfy;j fj;klr dh iqfyl esa lc&baLisDVj ¼njksxk½ FksA eqfDrcks/k ds tUe ds le; os ‘;ksijq esa gh rSukr FksA mudh ek¡ ikoZrh ckbZ blkxM+ ds fdlku ifjokj dh dU;k FkhaA fganhHkk”kh vkSj NBh d{kk rd f’k{kk izkIr dh FkhaA ize s pan muds fiz; ys[kd FksA eqfDrcks/k vius ,d ys[k esa fy[krs gSa fd ^esjh ek¡ us eq>s ize s pan dk HkDr cuk;kA* bl izdkj mUgsa vius ikfjokfjd ifjos’k ls gh nks Hkk”kkvksa ¼fganh vkSj ejkBh½ dk laLdkj feykA firk dh ukSdjh rcknys okyh Fkh] vr% eqfDrcks/k dh izkja fHkd f’k{kk fofn’kk] ljnkiqj] mTtSu vkfn dbZ LFkkuksa ij gqbAZ 1931 esa mUgsa ek/ko dkWyt s mTtSu ls Xokfy;j cksMZ dh fefMy ijh{kk ikl dh] fQj ogha ls 1935 esa baVjehfM,V ijh{kk ikl fd;kA dkWyt s esa muds ,d f’k{kd Fks jek’kadj ‘kqDy ^ân;*A deZohj* esa mudh dfork,¡ Ni jgh FkhaA mUgha dh izj.s kk ls eqfDrcksèk ds eu esa dfork ds izfr #>ku iSnk gqvkA 1935 esa mudh igyh dfork ^ân; dh I;kl* ek/ko dkWyt s dh eSxthu esa izdkf’kr gqbAZ muds nks fe= dfo ohjsna z dqekj tSu vkSj izHkkxpanz ‘kekZ gSa tks vkxs pydj ^deZohj* ds lgdkjh laiknd cusA eqfDrcks/k us ch-,- dh i<+kbZ ds fy, bankSj ds gksYdj dkWyt s esa izo’s k fy;kA ohjsna z dqekj tSu ds ek/;e ls ;gk¡ mudk ifjp; izHkkdj ekpos ls gqvk tks bankSj ds fØf’p;u dkWyt s esa ch-,- ¼vafre o”kZ½ ds Nk= FksA 1935&36 ds nkSjku eqfDrckèk dh nl&ckjg dfork,¡ ^deZohj*] ^ok.kh* tSlh if=dkvksa esa izdkf’kr gqbAaZ bu dforkvksa ij ek[kuyky prqonZs h vkSj egknsoh oekZ dh jgL;kRed ‘kSyh dk izHkko izR;{k gSA 1938 esa mUgksu a s vkxjk fo’ofon~;ky; ls n~forh; Js.kh esa ch-,- ikl fd;kA firk dh bPNk Fkh fd eqfDrcks/k i<+&fy[kdj odhy cus]a ;k fQj iqfyl dh ukSdjh esa tk,¡ fdarq eqfDrcks/k dks ;g eatjw u FkkA ch-,- djrs gh os tqykbZ 1938 esa cM+uxj ds fefMy Ldwy esa v/;kid gks x,A pkj eghus ckn os cM+uxj NksMd + j ‘kqtkyiqj eaMh ds ‘kkjnk f’k{kk lnu esa f’k{kd lnu ds gSMekLVj Fks MkW35 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 35@^v¡

ukjk;.k fo”.kq tks’khA ifjokj dh ijokg fd, fcu ‘kkark th ls ize s fookg fd;kA fookg ds ckn vxLr 1939 esa os mTtSu ds nkSyrxat fefMy Ldwy esa v/;kid dk dk;Z fd;kA rc rd vkxjk ds lsVa tkUl dkWyt s ls ,e-,-¼n’kZu’kkL=½ djds izHkkdj ekpos ek/ko dkWyt s mTtSu esa f’k{kd gksdj vk x, FksA fQj rks xka/kh] ekDlZ] ;qxa vkSj Ýkalhlh rFkk :lh miU;klksa dks ysdj nksuksa fe=ksa esa yach ppkZ,¡ gksrhA yxHkx nks o”kZ ckn vDVwcj 1941 esa os iqu% ‘kqtkyiqj eaMh okil vk x,A vDVwcj esa gh usfepanz tSu mlh Ldwy esa vk pqds FksA lsVa tkUl ¼vkxjk½ ls ,e-,- ¼vaxt sz h+ ½ djrs le; os xq# izdk’kpanz xqIr ds izHkko ds dkj.k ekDlZokn dks viuk ckSnf~ /kd vk/kkj cuk pqds FksA ,d vuqHko&fln~/k* O;ofLFkr rRo&iz.kkyh vFkok thou&n’kZu ikus dh nqne Z I;kl izkjaHk ls gh eqfDDrcks/k ds eu esa FkhA usfe th ds lkgp;Z ls Øe’k% mudk >qdko ekDlZokn dh vksj gqvk vkSj mUgsa ,d vf/kd oSKkfud] vf/kd ewrZ vkSj vf/kd rstLoh n`f”Vdks.k izkIr gqvkA vkjaHk es]a lkfgfR;d ek/;e ds :i es]a fganh vkSj ejkBh dks ysdj Hkh muds fnekx esa n~ona o~ FkkA ,d vksj fganh dk uohu lkSna ;Z dkO; Fkk] nwljh vksj ejkBh lkfgR; dk ekuorkoknh miU;kl&yksdA varr% mUgksu a s ^fganh ds lkSna ;Z&yksd* dks gh viuk {ks= pqukA vDVwcj 1942 ds Hkkjr NksMk+ *s vkanksyu esa jfpr eqfDrcks/k dh dqN dfork,¡ ^rkj lIrd* ¼1943½ esa izdkf’kr gqbAaZ ^rkj lIrd* ds dfo;ksa esa eqfDrcks/k dk uke igyk gS vkSj ;g Øe dkQh ladr s xHkhZ fln~/k gqvkA uoacj 1942 esa eqfDrcks/k ukxiwj ds ekWMy gkbZ Ldwy esa v/;kid fu;qDr gq,A 1942 esa gh mUgksu a s ukxiqj esa izxfr’khy ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk dhA 1944 ds var esa QkflLV&fojks/kh lEesyu fd;k ftlds v/;{k jkgqy lka—R;k;u FksA Ldwy esa osru cgqr de FkkA lkFk gh os ‘kkark th dks la;Dq r ifjokj dh rdyhQksa ls futkr fnykuk pkgrs FksA vxLr 1945 esa os ok;qlu s k dh ukSdjh djus caxykSj igq¡ps fdarq Ms<+ g¶rs esa okil vk x,A ogk¡ dBksj vuq’kklu Fkk vkSj ifjokj ughaa j[k ldrs FksA Jhir jk; dks ljLorh izl s esa ,d vkneh dh t:jr FkhA usehpanz tSu us eqfDrcks/k dk uke lq>k;kA flracj 1945 esa eqfDrcks/k ljLorh izl s esa dke djus ds fy, cukjl igqp ¡ x,A dke Fkk ikaMfq yfi;ksa dk la’kks/ku vkSj laiknu djukA fdarq ;gk¡ dke dk cks> cgqr T;knk FkkA Jhir jk; Hkh muds dke ls [qk’k ughaa FksA gkjdj 1946 ds var esa eqfDrcks/k tcyiqj pys x, vkSj ogk¡ Mh-,u-tSu Ldwy esa v/;kid gks x,A tcyiqj esa Hkh mUgksu a s izxfr’khy ys[kd la?k dh LFkkiuk dhA vDVwcj 1948 esa e/; izn’s k ljdkj ds lwpuk vkSj izlkj.k foHkkx esa i=dkj ds :i esa mudh fu;qfDr gks xbZ vkSj os tcyiqj NksMd + j ukxiqj vk x,A ;gk¡ osru Hkh dqN T;knk FkkA 1953 esa mUgksu a s ukxiqj fo’ofon~;ky; ls n~forh; Js.kh esa ,e-,- ¼fganh½ ikl dj fy;kA vDVwcj 1954 esa rhu lky dk vuqc/a k jgrk FkkA fdarq eqfDrcks/k dh Nfo ,d okeiaFkh ys[kd dh FkhA vr% mUgsa 36 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 36@^v¡

,d lky ds vuqc/a k ij j[kk x;kA ,d lky chrus ij ekfld vuqc/a k dh ukScr vk xbZA Åij ls 1956 esa mudk rcknyk dj fn;kA eqfDrcks/k dk O;fDrRo vukla?k ysfdu rstLoh FkkA thouyky oekZ fonzkgs h Jn~/kk dh lwyh ij ys[k esa fy[krs gSa fd ^mUgha fnuksa e/;izkr a ds HkwriwoZ iafMr n~okfjdkizlkn feJ us lkjFkh ds iqu% izdk’ku dh ;kstuk cukbZA mudh bPNk Fkh fd û;k [kwu* dh iwjh ^Vhe* lkjFkh ds fy, dke djsA ij blesa lcls cM+h fnDdr Fkh eqfDrcks/k ds lkFkA os iafMr feJ ds uke ls HkM+drs FksA ;gk¡ feJ th ejkBh ds fnXxtksa ls ;g lqu pqds Fks fd eqfDrcks/k lkfgR; ds lO;lkph gSAa vr% os Hkh muls feyus dks mRlqd FksA var esa lkjFkh lO;lkph dk feyu gksdj jgkA* vDVwcj 1956 esa mudh fu;qfDr û;k [kwu* ds laiknd ds :i esa gks xbZA ;gk¡ os yxHkx Ms<+ o”kZ jgsA bl NksVh lh vof/k esa eqfDrcks/k us bl i= dks Økafrdkjh rsoj iznku fd;kA eqfDrcks/k us û;k [kwu* esa dkWye fy[kuk ‘kq: fd;kA ;g i= etnwjksa ds i{k dk leFkZd Fkk vkSj mlesa eqfDrcks/k us dbZ Ldsp fy[ksA eqfDrcks/k ds O;fDrRo dks mtkxj djus okyh ,d ?kVuk dk mYys[k leFkZjkHkkÅ us fd;k gS ¼nks dne dh ;k=k½] lanHkZ gS ekfjl dkWyt s ] ukxiqj ds lkfgR; eaMy dk mn~?kkVuA n~okfjdk izlkn feJ ds fo’ks”k vuqjks/k ij eqfDrcksèk lekjksg ij rks x,] ijarq cSBs Nk=ksa ds chpA mn~?kkVu djus ds ckn iafMr feJ eap ls mrjdj eqfDrcks/k ds ikl x, vkSj muds da/ks ij gkFk j[kkA bl ij eqfDrcks/k us dgk] ^vkids lkfgfR;d fopkj eq>ls fHkUu gS]a vyx gS]a rc bu ;qokvksa dks esjs izfr Hkze gksxkA blls vPNk gS fd vki vkbank nwj ls gh lgkuwHkwfr fn[kk, ;k nksLrh djsAa * blds ckotwn iafMr feJ us dfo dh csgks’kh dh gkyr esa bykt dh lqfo/kk,¡ tqVkbZA vkneh dk cM+k gksuk mUgsa igys eatjw Fkk] ckn esa lkfgfR;d vkSj dykdkj dkA Jh leFkZjkHkkÅ us muds fopkjksa dks bl :i esa O;Dr fd;k gS & ^Hkkjrh; O;oLFkk esa /keZ ds Bsdns kjksa ds etcwrh ls c<+k, vkoj.k] ‘kklu ij cqtv qZ k oxZ dh idM+] cqtv qZ k yksxksa dh lkjh fojks/kh ikfVZ;ksa dks vuqnku ¼pank½ nsus dh pky] lkfgR; vkSj dyk dks viuh fo—r jatu iz—fr dk nL;q cukus dh lkft’k] pSu vkSj vkjke dk thou ikus dh ykylk esa udyh fonzkgs o`fRrokys cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dk iruxr yq<d + uk] ,slh fLFkfr esa vius vkidks cpkrs gq, thou laxkz e pykukA* eqfDrcks/k cgqe[q kh izfrHkk ds /kuh jpukdkj FksA dfo] miU;kldkj vkSj dgkuhdkj ds lkFk&lkFk os ,d egRoiw.kZ vkykspd vkSj fopkjd Hkh FksA muds dfork&laxgz gSa pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /kwyA@dFkk&lkfgR;% dkB dk liuk] foik=] lrg ls mBrk vknehA vkykspukRed —fr;k¡ gSa dkek;uh% ,d iqufoZpkj] ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k”kZ] u, lkfgR; dk lkSna ;Z’kkL=] leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—frA thou ds vafre nkSj esa eqfDrcks/k us ;g le> fy;k Fkk fd lkèkkj.k Js.kh 37 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 37@^v¡

ds yksxksa dk thou vfLrRo la?k”kZ esa gh lekIr gksuk gSA O;fDr&Lokra«; dh fLFkfr mUgha yksxksa ds fy, laHko gS tks bl Lokra«; dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, iq”V vkfFkZd vk/kkj j[krs gksa ftlls os ^ifjokj lfgr ekuoksfpRr thou* O;rhr dj ldsAa usfepanz tSu ds uke vius ,d i= esa mUgksu a s fy[kk Fkk & ^usfe ckcw] esjh dgkuh cM+h mnkl gS] dgus ls D;k ykHkA* bl iafDr dks i<+dj cjcl fujkyk dh izfln~èk iafDr ^nq[k gh thou dh dFkk jgh* dk Lej.k gks vkrk gSA vkfFkZd foiUurk nwj djus ds mn~n’s ; ls mUgksu a s 1962 esa ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* ‘kh”kZd ls bfrgkl dh ,d iqLrd fy[khA iqLrd e/; izn’s k ds gk;j lsdM as jh ikB~;Øe esa crkSj jsfiM jhfMax i<+kbZ tkuh FkhA e/; izn’s k ‘kklu n~okjk iqLrd Loh—r Hkh gks xbZA fdarq futh izdk’kd dh Li/kkZ&bZ”;kZ&n~o”s k ds pyrs 19 flracj] 1962 dks eè; izn’s k ‘kklu ds ,d vksn’k ds rgr bls izfrcaf/kr dj fn;k x;kA mPp U;k;ky; us Hkh vius 16 viSy z ] 1963 ds fu.kZ; esa jkT; ljdkj ds bl dne dks mfpr Bgjk;kA ;g vk?kkr eqfDrcks/k ds fy, ekjd fln~/k gqvkA Hk;kud nq%LoIu vkus yxsA Qjojh 1964 esa ‘kjhj ds ck,¡ fgLls esa i{kk?kkr gks x;kA bykt ls dksbZ Qk;nk u gksrs ns[k 26 twu] 1964 dks mUgsa fnYyh ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku laLFkku esa HkrhZ djk;k x;k tgk¡ 11 flracj] 1964 dks mudk fuèku gks x;kA bl izdkj fujkyk dh ijaijk dks tkjh j[krs gq, vk/kqfud fganh lkfgR; dh ,d egku izfrHkk dk =kln var gqvkA eqfDrcks/k dk lai.w kZ thou la?k”kkZ]as eqBHksMk+ as dk ,d varghu flyflyk FkkA la?k”kZ ds lHkh ekspkZas ij os ,d lkFk tw>rs jgsA

38 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 38@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk dh dkO; psruk & izk-s ,e- osd a V’oj xtkuu eqfDrcksèk ¼1917-1964½ izxfr’khy èkkjk ds lcls cM+s dfo gq, gSAa LoPNan dfo;ksa dh rjg os fcuk feykoV ds ‘kqn/~ k Lo.kZ FksA ;g ckr vkSj gS fd ‘kq: esa ekDlZoknh vkykspdksa us ‘ke’ksj dh rjg mUgsa Hkh izxfr’khy #>ku j[kus okyk iz;ksxoknh dfo* dgk Fkk] ftldk ,d dkj.k ;g Fkk fd os ^rkj lIrd* ds dfo Fks vkSj nwljk ;g fd mudh ‘kSyh izpfyr vFkZ esa ;FkkFkZoknh u gksdj QSVa lh okyh FkhA ;g rks dkQh ckn dh ckr gS fd MkW- ukeoj flag us dgk fd ;FkkFkZoknh dksbZ ‘kSyh u gksdj thou n`f”V gS] tks muds :iksa esa izdV gks ldrh gSA ;g nq[kn gS fd vkt Hkh <sj lkjs izxfr’khy vkSj tuoknh vkykspd mUgsa oxhZ; psruk laiUu dfo ughaa ekursA dkj.k ;g fd os loZgkjk ls vkReh;rk LFkkfir djus ds fy, var rd vius eè;oxhZ; laLdkjksa ls yM+rs jgs] tc fd dsnkj vkSj ukxktqu Z ‘kq: ls loZgkjk ls ,dkRe gksdj dfork esa vk, Fks] xks;k fln~/kkar :i esa ekDlZokn dks Lohdkj djrs gh dfo dh laons uk Lo;a cny tkrh gS vkSj mls vius eè;oxhZ; laLdkjksa ls yM+uk ughaa iM+rkA MkW- jkefoykl ‘kekZ tSls vkykspd us rks lanHkZP;qr mn~/kj.kksa ds lgkjs eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa jgL;okn dk vkyksd vkSj vfLrRookn dh Nk;k Hkh <w¡<+ fudkyh gS] tc fd os bu nksuksa ds ?kksj fojksèkh FksA orZeku ;qx esa ekuo fu;fr dks jktuhfr dh ifjHkk”kkvksa esa gh le>k tk ldrk gS] vc ;g ekU;rk yxHkx Loh—r gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa jpukdkj ds :i esa eqfDrcksèk dk jktuhfr ls vyx jguk laHko u Fkk] cfYd os Hkh ewyr% jktuhfrd dfo gh FksA ;g t:j gS fd mudh jktuhfr ukxktqu Z okyh jkstejkZ dh jktuhfr u gksdj oLrqr% ekuo fu;fr dk i;kZ; gSA mUgksu a s fganh esa QSVa l s h dh ‘kSyh esa yach dfork,¡ fy[kdj dfork esa tSls ,d ubZ foèkk dks tUe fn;kA mudh dfork lekt esa pyus okyh ,sfrgkfld n~ona o~ kRed ukVd dks cgqr gh fo’kky iV ij j[kdj fpf=r djrh gS] ftls ns[kdj muesa tks sweep of imagination* Fkk mldk yksgk ekuuk iM+rk gSA eqfDrcksèk jktuhfr dh vgfe;r dks Hkh le>rs Fks vkSj mlls lkfgR; dk tks lacèa k gS mlls Hkh voxr FksA mudh Li”V èkkj.kk Fkh fd lai.w kZ euq”;&lRRkk dk fuekZ.k djus dk ,dek= ekxZ jktuhfr gS] ftldk lgk;d lkfgR; gSA mUgksu a s lkgliwod Z dgk fd ^lkfgR; ij vko’;drk ls vfèkd Hkjkslk j[kuk ew[kZrk gSA* ns’k&HkfDr dk vFkZ mUgkau s s ^tu&HkfDr* cryk;k vkSj jktuhfr vkSj lkfgR; nksuksa dk lzkr s ,d gh ekuk & tuthou dk ;FkkFkZA mudh n`f”V esa ;s nksuksa ewyr% ,d gS]a buesa QdZ flQZ vfHkO;fDr dh iz.kkyh dks ysdj gSA fu’p; gh blls ;g Hkze u gksuk pkfg, fd mUgksu a s jktuhfr vkSj lkfgR; ds lacèa k dk fdlh rjg ls ljyhdj.k fd;k gSA 39 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 39@^v¡

mUgksu a s lkfgR; dks tks jktuhfr dk lgk;d ekuk] bldk Hkh ;g vFkZ ughaa fd lkfgR; ds izfr mudk n`f”Vdks.k mi;ksfxrkoknh FkkA os jpuk vkSj jpukdkj dh Lora=rk ds dk;y Fks vkSj xgu ekuooknh Hkwfe ij jktuhfrd dkO;&jpuk ds i{kèkj FksA LoHkkor% mUgksu a s dHkh izpkjkRed dfork ughaa fy[kh] ;k dgsa fd ^gfFk;kj* ds :i esa dfork dk bLrseky djus dh dksf’k’k ughaa dhA os dykdkj dh iz—fr dks ewyr% jktuhfrd ;k nk’kZfud ughaa ekurs] ysfdu mu yksxksa ls lger ugha]a tks ;g dgrs gSa fd jktuhfrd izjs .kk dykRed ughaa gks ldrhA vius izfln~/k ys[k esa mUgksu a s dgk gS fd ^dykdkj jktuhfrd {ks= esa ftu&ftu vkn’kkZas dks ysdj tkrk gS] os mlds ân; ds vifjfer foLrkj ds vkos’k ls lacn~/k gksus ds dkj.k mlds fy, dykRed gh gksrs gSAa og ml {ks= esa dksbZ jktuhfrd dkS’ky izkIr djus ugha]a cfYd ekuo thou ds egRoiw.kZ {ks= esa Hkhxus] jl ysu]s Kku nhfIr izkIr djus vkSj mls mRrkerj cukus rFkk mfpr fn’kk esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA* ;g Hkhxus] jl ysus vkSj Kku&nhfIr izkIr djus okyh ckr jktuhfr ds izfr dfo&:i esa muds n`f”Vdks.k dks vPNh rjg ls Li”V dj nsrh gSA ;g pht ‘ks”k izxfr’khy dfo;ksa ls mUgsa vyx Hkh djrh gSA oLrqr% jktuhfr ds izfr mu tSlk l`tukRed n`f”Vdks.k vkSj mlls mu tSlk ljl vkSj vkReh; lacèa k fganh ds fdlh izxfr’khy dfo dk ughaa jgkA eqfDrcksèk dh vkjafHkd jktuhfrd dfork,¡ mnkgj.kkFkZ yky lyke] ,d uhyh vkx] nedrh nkfeuh] Økafr vkfn izk;% ;qn/~ k&dky vkSj ;qn/~ kksRrj dky esa jph xbZ gSAa budh i`”BHkwfe varjjk”Vªh; Hkh gS vkSj jk”Vªh; Hkh & QkflLV lsuk vkSj yky lsuk ds chp dk ;qn/~ k] ;qn/~ k esa lksfo;r la?k dh fot; ds lkFk iwohZ ;wjksi ds ns’kksa esa dfFkr lektoknh ‘kklu dh LFkkiuk] ,f’k;k vkSj vÝhdk ds vkSifuosf’kd ns’kksa esa mBus okyh Lokèkhurk dh ygj] phu dk eqfDr&laxkz e vkSj ogk¡ Økafr dh fot; rFkk Hkkjr dk lkear vkSj mifuos’k&fojksèkh tu mHkkj] rsyxa kuk ds fdlku vkanksyu] vktkn fgan QkSt dh cafn;ksa dh fjgkbZ ds fy, fd, x, jk”Vªh; vkanksyu] Mkd&rkj foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjrh; jsyos ds etnwjksa dh gM+rky rFkk eqc a bZ ds ukfod&fonzkgs ds :i esa fn[kykbZ iM+k FkkA fcuk bl i`”BHkwfe ds ;s dfork,¡ ughaa jph tk ldrh FkhaA tks fon~oku eqfDrcksèk dks bl i`”BHkwfe ls vyx djds ns[krs gS]a os muds lacèa k esa xyr fu”d”kZ fudkyrs gSAa bu dforkvksa dh lhek ;g gS fd buesa jktuhfr vkSj Økafr dh psruk izk;% Hkkouk ds Lrj ij gSA blhfy, mldh vfHkO;fDr Hkh izk;% HkkoukRed <ax ls gh gqbZ gSA LoHkkor% vfHkO;fDr ds vfèkdka’k miknku ogh gSa tks Nk;koknh dfork esa dke esa yk, tkrs Fks & ckny] fctyh] rwQku vkfnA bu miknkuksa dk mi;ksx Hkh dfo us Nk;koknh <ax ls gh fd;k gS] ;kuh vizLrqrksa ds :i esAa ;g t:j gS fd muds la;kstu esa dqN ,slh fo’ks”krk gS] ftlls iqjkus miknkuksa ls Hkh vusd ckj ubZ vkHkk ls ;qDr fp=ksa dh l`f”V gqbZ gS] tSls Økafr ds mieku ^fctyh* ds fy, ;g 40 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 40@^v¡

dFku & ^yko.; dh vijkftrk vfl èkkj*A ‘kCn iqjkus gS]a ysfdu ubZ Hkkouk ls nhfir ykS ls tyrs gq,A tgk¡ eqfDrcksèk Jethoh turk ds izfr xgjk ize s izdV djrs gS]a ogk¡ muds ‘kCn vukt ds nwèk Hkjs dPps nkuks&a tSls izrhr gksrs gSAa os pwf¡ d oSpkfjd n`f”V ls cgqr ltx Fks] blfy, mudk Økafrdkjh Hkkokosx muds oSpkfjd vuq’kklu dks dHkh Hkax ughaa djrkA blesa vjktdrk ;k foLQksVdrk ughaa gS] blfy, mudh ;s dfork,¡ flQZ ^jktuhfrd rjkus* cudj ughaa jg xbZ gSAa ysfdu ;g lgt gS fd buesa ;FkkFkZokfnrk dh txg ,d l’kDr jksekfu;r gSA ^vk&vkdj dksey lehj*] ^vks fojkV LoIuks*a vkSj îhr <yrh gqbZ lk¡>* & tSlh dforkvksa esa èkhjs&èkhjs ;FkkFkZoknh Hkwfe mHkjus yxrh gSA buesa eqfDrcksèk dFkkdkj dh rjg thou vkSj ifjos’k ds ;FkkFkZ dk fp=.k djus dk iz;kl djrs gSAa vc mudh dfork Økafrdkjh Hkkokosx ls gVdj lkekftd varfoZjksèkh ds fp=.k dk ekè;e cuus dh vksj vxzlj gksrh gSA mlesa lkekU;hdj.k dk LFkku fof’k”Vhdj.k ysrk tkrk gSA blh vuqikr esa mudh dforkvksa dh yackbZ c<+rh tkrh gS vkSj mudh lajpuk tfVy gksrh tkrh gSA ;g vkdfLed ughaa gS fd mDr dfork,¡ bl nkSj dh mudh lcls yach jktuhfrd dfork,¡ gSAa Lora=rk&izkfIr ds ckn eqfDrcksèk us viuh lai.w kZ vfXu QkflTe] lkezkT;okn vkSj iw¡thokn ds fo#n~/k dsfa nzr dh vkSj NksVh&cM+h vusd izHkko’kkyh jktuhfrd dfork,¡ fy[khaA ^tekus dk psgjk* ^v¡èksjas es*a ds ckn dh ,d mYys[kuh; dfork gSA ;n~;fi ;g ,d o.kZukRed dfork gS vkSj blesa ^v¡èksjs es*a tSlh tfVyrk ugha]a rFkkfi ;g vius o.kZu dh vkstfLork vkSj mnkRRkrk ls ikBdksa ij egkdkO;kRed izHkko Mkyrh gSA êqfDrcksèk jpukoyh* esa blds viw.kZ gksus dh laHkkouk O;Dr dh xbZ gS] ysfdu ;g viw.kZ ugha]a ,d iw.kZ dfork gS] ftlesa eqfDrcksèk us varjjk”Vªh; jktuhfr dh vius dky dh lokZfèkd egRoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa dk cgqr gh foLrkj ls o.kZu fd;k gS & QkflTe dh ijkt; vkSj uo&mifuos’kokn dk mn;A ^ckjg cts jkr ds* mudh ,d vis{kk—r NksVh dfork gS] ftlesa mUgksu a s ukVks vkSj lhVks tSlh QkSth lafèk;ksa okys lkezkT;oknh ns’kksa ds chp baXySM a ds ,d gksVy esa pyus okyh ;qn/~ k&ea=.kk dk cgqr gh ohHkRl vkSj Hk;kud fp= [khapk gSA viuh vfèkdka’k dforkvksa esa mUgksu a s iwt ¡ hokn ij dBksj izgkj fd;k gS] fu’p; gh vusd ckj csekywe rjhds lsA buesa mUgksu a s iw¡thokn ds vekuoh; :i dks mtkxj fd;k gS] mlls lekt esa QSykus okyh vyxko dh Hkkouk dk fp=.k fd;k gSA ^lw[ks dBksj igkM+* mudh ,d l’kDr dfork gS] tks ^d”Vthfo;ksa ds izfrfufèk* ;kuh etnwj usrk dks lacksfèkr dj fy[kh xbZ gSA eqfDrcksèk us etnwj usrk dks êgkJfed* vkSj ^tu&Økafr&:i* dgk gSA ^lw[ks dBksj uaxs igkM+* iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds izrhd gSAa dfo us etnwj usrk ls vkxzg fd;k gS fd og mu igkM+kas dks vius ckgqcy ls mBkdj bfrgkl ds leqnz esa Qsd a nsA ^ftanxh dk jkLrk* eqfDrcksèk dh ,d vkRedFkkRed dfork gS & yach vkSj 41 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 41@^v¡

mudh vU; yach dforkvksa dh rjg gh lkjiw.kZ rFkk ekfeZdA bldk uk;d jkew] dfo dk izfr:i gS] tks ‘kke dks vius dke ls ?kj ykSVrk gS] ^ihr <yrh gqbZ lk¡>* ds uk;d dh rjgA ysfdu ml dfork ls blesa QdZ ;g gS fd bldk uk;d fujk’k ughaa gS] ‘kq: ls gh vk’kk vkSj fo’okl ls Hkjk gqvk gSA chloha lnh ds ipklosa pj.k esa vkSj iw¡thoknh >wB ds fojkV vR;kpkjksa ds chp mls vk’kk vkSj fo’okl dgk¡ ls feyrk gS] ;g dfork esa vafdr bl izdkj ds fp=ksa ls Li”V gks tkrk gS] tks ;qn/~ kksRRkj fo’o ds n`’; gekjs lkeus mifLFkr djrs gS&a ^vkèkqfud lglz eq[k jko.k ls nzkgs dj@ fonzkgs h Hkwfe ds laxkjjr iq=ksa us@ èkq,¡ ds mHkjrs gq, cknyksa ds Bhd chp@ Hkkxrh gqbZ dkSèa krh&lh Tokyk&lh@ izyfa cr èkkjk dks@ vk¡[kksa ls ns[kk & @ vius gh gkFkksa ls Nwrh gqb@ Z ¼LVsuxu dh gh½ og vkx FkhA@ ‘kks”k.k&O;oLFkk dks Hkax djrh gqb@ Z vkx dh ydhj og@ i`Foh ij ?kwerhA* ^lk¡> jaxh Å¡ph ygjksa es*a ‘kh”kZd dfork esa ,d mywd gS] tks gzklksUeq[k iw¡thoknh lH;rk dk ije n;uh; izk.k&iq= gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd og iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds vekuoh; :Ik ls ifjfpr gS] ysfdu vius esa fleVk gqvk vkSj fuf”Ø; gSA og oLrqr% eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthoh gS] tks ,d vksj ;qn/~ kksRrj fo’o ds tu&la?k”kkZas dh jfDre ?kkVh esa f[kys gq, dkykarj mifLFkr djus okys lR; ds izrhd&:Ik vaxkj & panz dks ns[krk gS vkSj nwljh vksj iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds [kaMgj dks] ysfdu ;qn/~ k djrk ugha]a flQZ lksprk gS fd dksbZ ml [kaMgj esa jgus okyh turk dks iw¡thoknh lH;rk ds fo”ke vkSj fo—r :Ik ls ifjfpr djkdj mldh ewPNkZ rksM+ nsA mlesa rh[kk vkRefparu pyrk gS] turk dk eqfDr vfHk;ku mlds efLr”d esa rfM+r&u`R; djus yxrk gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:Ik varr% og iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ls fudy Hkkxrk gSA ;g O;oLFkk bl fudy Hkkxsa dks ^Hkh”k.k ns’k&nzkgs * dh laKk nsrh gS] ysfdu eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa ds lkFk NksMu + s dh ?kVuk ls og ;g Hkh lkspus yxrk gS fd mldk var fudV gSA ^myV&iqyV ‘kCn* ,d NksVh ysfdu cgqr gh lkFkZd dfork gS] ftlesa eqfDrcksèk us iwt ¡ hoknh dkj[kkus esa eky dk mRiknu djus okys etnwjksas ds Lo;a eky cu tkus dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ^Hkfo”; èkkjk* mudh ,d yach vkSj mYys[kuh; dfork gSA bldk fo”k; Hkh iw¡thokn gh gSA blesa ,d oSKkfud gS] tks dfo Hkh gSA og iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds mPNsn ds fy, lehdj.k ds dqN lw= vkfo”—r djrk gS] ftUgsa iw¡thifr oxZ pqjkdj tyk nsrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dgrs gSa fd og dc rd ,slk djrk jgsxk\ bfrgkl dh xfr #drh ughaa gS] os lw= iqu% vkfo”—r gksxa As bfrgkl ds fu;eksa dk xgjk Kku j[kus okys vkSj fo’o&jktuhfr dh xfr dks viuh ukfM+;ksa esa eglwl djus okys dfo dks iwjk fo’okl gS fd iw¡thokn dk uk’k gksdj jgsxkA os iw¡thifr oxZ ds vkJ;kUos”kh eè;oxZ dks foLrkj ls mldh vlfy;r dk Kku djkrs gSa vkSj fuEu&eè;oxZ dks ^nqt; Zs Hkfo”; èkkjk* crykrs gS]a D;ksfa d mlesa Økafrdkfjrk gksrh gS vkSj og Jfed&oxZ ls viuh ,drk LFkkfir dj ns’k ds 42 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 42@^v¡

Hkfo”; dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA ^var%dj.k dk vk;ru* ‘kh”kZd izfln~/k dfork dh leL;k Hkh jktuhfrd gh gSA blesa dfo dks orZeku iw¡thoknh fo’o esa nks izdkj ds n`’; fn[kykbZ iM+s gSa & èoal ds Hkh vkSj fuekZ.k ds Hkh] vkSj fujk’k gksus dh txg og bl fu”d”kZ ij igq¡prk gS fd bu ijLij fojksèkh ‘kfDr;ksa ds la?k”kZ dh izfØ;k esa gh fo’o dk Økafrdkjh :ikarj.k gksrk gSA iw¡thoknh lekt esa vekuohdj.k dh tks izfØ;k pyrh jgrh gS] mldk cgqr gh l’kDr o.kZu eqfDrcksèk dh ^vks vizLrqr Jksrk* ‘kh”kZd ,d vU; NksVh dfork esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ^fo{kqCèk cqnf~ /k ds ekjd Loj* Hkh ,d NksVh dfork gS] ftlesa iwt ¡ hoknh O;oLFkk esa ^vkneh ds cny tkus dh Hk;kud izfØ;k* dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA bl O;oLFkk esa yksx vius LokFkZ vkSj vius vkils ize s djus ds vykok fdlh pht dks egRo ughaa nsrAs os tSls tUeksijkar gh ,d edZV n~okjk pqjk fy, tkrs gSa vkSj ekuo&txr ls nwj taxy esa fo—r :Ik esa mlh ds n~okjk iky&iksldj cM+s fd, tkrs gS!a ^gj pht] tc viuh* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa O;fDr vkSj lekt ij iM+us okys iw¡thokn ds izHkko] vyxko vkSj O;fDrRo&foHkktu dk fp=.k vkSj xgjkbZ ls fd;k x;k gSA iw¡thoknh lRRkk ij turk ds èkkok cksyus dk ,d ljy vFkok ljyh—r fp= eqfDrcksèk dh ^ydM+h dk cuk jko.k* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa feyrk gSA blesa ^tura=h okujks*a ds lewg dks vius lqjf{kr LFkku dh rjQ c<+rs ns[kdj ydM+h dk cuk jko.k] tks fd gzklksUeq[k iw¡thoknh lRRkk dk izrhd gS] yM+[kM+k mBrk gSA eqfDrcksèk us viuh jktuhfrd fVIif.k;ksa dh rjg viuh dforkvksa esa Hkh Hkkjr dks ‘ks”k fo’o ls vyx djds ughaa ns[kkA ^tu&tu dk psgjk ,d* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa os dgrs gSa & ,f’k;k ds] ;wjksi ds] vesfjdk ds@ fHkUu&fHkUu oklLFkku(@ HkkSxksfyd] ,sfrgkfld caèkuksa ds ckotwn@ lHkh vksj fganLq rku] lHkh vksj fganLq rku! ,d ns’k esa pyus okyk eqfDr laxkz e nwljs ns’k ds eqfDr laxkz e dks izHkkfor djrk gS( ,d ns’k esa Økafr dh fot; nwljs ns’k ds Økafrdkjh vkanksyu dks cy igqp ¡ krh gS( ,f’k;k] vÝhdk vkSj ykrhuh vesfjdk ds ns’kksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cgqr dqN lekurk jgh gS] vkt Hkh gS] ysfdu bldk ;g eryc ughaa gS fd viuh fo’ks”krk,¡ ugha]a viuh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vkSj mudh Økafr dh viuh voLFkk,¡ ughaAa Hkkjr dh Hkh viuh fo’ks”k fLFkfr gS] ftls eqfDrcksèk us ges’kk è;ku esa j[kk gSA Hkkjr tc xqyke Fkk] mUgksu a s ^xqykeh dh tathjsa VwV tk,¡xh* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa mls lacksfèkr dj dgk Fkk % ^rsjs lkFk ?kwex¡w k xfy;ksa esa jkgksa ij@ QVs fPkFkM+kas esa Hkh jgwx¡ k eSa ckn’kkg*A mlds vktkn gksus ds djhc ,d n’kd ckn ‘kklu ls fujk’k gksdj ^pded dh fpuxkfj;k¡* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa mUgksu a s Hkkjrh; Økafr ds Lo:i vkSj ifj.kke dks ysdj fpark izdV dhA mlls Li”V gS fd muds ikl Økafr dk dksbZ lkoZHkkSe Qkewy Z k u Fkk vkSj os blds izfr mRlqd Fks fd og Hkkjrh; turk ds 43 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 43@^v¡

thou vkSj lekt dks mPprj lkaL—frd Lrj ij igq¡pkus okyh jktuhfrd dk;Zokgh gksxhA Hkkjrh; turk muds fy, ^QVsgky* Hkh Fkh vkSj ftnkfny Hkh] ;g mUgksu a s ^lwjt ds oa’kèkj* ‘kh”kZd dfork esa cgqr gh l’kDr <ax ls dgk gSA bl dfork esa vktknh ds ckn ds Hkkjr dh cgqr gh lgh rLohj vafdr gSA mlls Hkkjrh; turk dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk irk pyrk gS] mlds LoHkko dk Hkh] mlds thou&la?k”kZ dk Hkh vkSj mldh Økafrdkfjrk dk HkhA mldh Økafrdkfjrk vktknh dh yM+kbZ ds nkSjku Hkh fln~/k gqbZ Fkh] vktknh ds ckn vusd tula?k”kksaZ vkSj turkaf=d vkanksuyuksa ls fln~/k gqbZ gSA vktknh ds ckn mldh gkyr yxkrkj fcxM+rh xbZ gSA ^bl ukxjh es*a ‘kh”kZd dfork esa eqfDrcksèk us ‘kkld&oxZ ds usrkvksa dk fp= [khapk gS] ftudk lcls cM+k lgkjk xkaèkhokn Fkk& ^bl uxjh ds izgjh igus gSa èkq,¡ ds yacs pksx@ s Lkkft’k ds dqgjs esa Mwch@ czã&jk{klksa dh Nk;k,¡@ xkaèkhth dh pIiy igus ?kwe jgh gSAa * eqfDrcksèk dh lokZfèkd mYysuh; jktuhfrd dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a gS] tks QkflTe dh vk’kadk ls xzLr gksdj jph xbZ gSA QkflLV gqde w r esa u dsoy turk ds lkjs turkaf=d vfèkdkj Nhu fy, x, gS]a cfYd vkSj cM+s iSekus ij mldk Øwjrkiw.kZ ‘kks”k.k vkSj neu vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a esa tks ;g gqde w r dk;e gqbZ gS vkSj mldh rjQ ls ek’kZy ykW yxk;k x;k gS] mldh otg eqfDrcksèk us iw¡thokn&fojksèkh Økafr dh ‘kq:vkr crykbZ gS% ^fdlh tu&Økafr ds neu&fufeRr ;g@ek’kZy ykW gS!!* bl ek’kZy ykW esa pkjksa vksj vkrad dk okrkoj.k gSA jkr esa ,d tqyl w fn[kykbZ iM+rk gS] tks izdkjkarj ls ‘kkld oxZ dh [kw[a kkj QkSth rkdr dk rks izn’kZu djrk gS] oLrqr% ;g fn[kykrk gS fd mlds lkFk vijkèkdfeZ;ksa ls ysdj eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthoh rd gSAa ;s lc mldh j{kk esa iafDrcn~/k gSAa ysfdu bl lcls varr% tu&Økafr ncrh ughaa gS vkSj og QwV iM+rh gS % ^;g dFkk ughaa gS] ;g lc lp gS] gk¡ HkbZ!! dgha vkx yx xbZ] dgha xksyh py xbZ!!* ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfq Drcksèk dh lokZfèkd tfVy dfork Hkh gS] blfy, blesa jktuhfr likV :i esa ughaa vkbZA bls tfVy cukus okys blds nks pfj= gS]a tks blesa QkflLV gqde w r ds lanHkZ esa mifLFkr gksrs gaAaS muesa ls igyk pfj= gS og O;fDr] ftlds vkRela?k”kZ ls dfork ‘kq: gksrh gS vkSj tks dfork dks vkxs ys pyrk gSA vkykspdksa us mfpr gh mls ^v¡èksjs es*a dk dkO;&uk;d dgk gSA og ,d izxfr’khy eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthoh gS] tks ns’k esa dk;e gqbZ QkflLV gqde w r ds dkj.kksa vkSj ifj.kkeksa ls ifjfpr gSA ;g pht mls cspu S dj nsrh gS vkSj mlds Hkhrj xgu nkf;Ro&cksèk tkx`r dj nsrh gSA mls eglwl gksrk gS fd bl jktuhfrd nq?kZVuk ds fy, dgha u dgha viuh fuf”Ø;rk ds dkj.k og Hkh ftEesnkj gSA Hk;kud vkRela?k”kZ ls xqtjrs gq, vkSj lSfudksa n~okjk nh xbZ ;kruk cnkZ’r djrs gq, og tu&Økafr esa ‘kkfey gks tkrk gS vkSj bl rjg ns’k ds izfr vius dRkZO; dk fuokZg djrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa mldk O;fDrRo :ikarfjr gksrk tkrk gSA turk 44 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 44@^v¡

ls rknkRE; mls eè;oxhZ; laLdkjkas vkSj lhekvksa ls eqDr dj nsrk gS] ;n~;fi blesa mls dfYir fdLe dh dksbZ iw.kZrk ughaa izkIr gksrhA nwljk pfj= ,d ^jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k* gS] tks jgL;e; <ax ls dfork esa izdV gksdj dkO;&uk;d dks izfs jr djrk gS fd og vius eè;oxhZ; ?ksjs ls fudydj lkjs [krjs mBkrs gq, tu&lkèkkj.k vkSj mldh Økafrdkjh dk;Zokfg;ksa ls vius dks tksMAs+ ;g jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k vkSj dksbZ ugha]a loZgkjk dh laxfBr ‘kfDr dk izrhd gS( ml loZgkjk dh] ftlus iwt ¡ hokn&fojksèkh Økafr ‘kq: dh Fkh vkSj ftls QkflLV gqde w r esa lcls vfèkd ‘kks”k.k vkSj neu dk f’kdkj gksuk iM+k gSA loZgkjk gksus ds dkj.k gh mDr iq#”k ,d rjQ QVsgky gS] mlds lhus ij cM+k t[e gS] og tsy esa can gS vkSj nwljh rjQ mlds gksB a ksa ij eqLdqjkgV gS] og izpM a ‘kfDreku gSA bl rjg ^v¡èksjs es*a QkflTe&fojksèkh vkSj loZgkjk&oxZ ls ,drk&LFkkiu ds n~okjk eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthoh ds O;fDrRo&ifjorZu dh dfork gS] tks vius mn~n’s ; esa iw.kZr% jktuhfrd gSA ;g QkflTe ds vkrad dks Hkh cgqr gh l’kDr :i esa mifLFkr djrh gS vkSj turk dh Økafrdkjh dk;Zokgh ls mls [kRe Hkh dj nsrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jktuhfrd dforkvksa dh ,d fo’ks”krk ;g gS fd ;s mudh jktuhfrd bfrgkl vkSj vFkZ&O;oLFkk ds Kku ls vlai`Dr ughaa gSA bl Kku us gh mudh jktuhfr dks xgurk iznku dh gS vkSj blh dh cnkSyr muesa os lkèkkj.k i=dkj u jgdj ^okLrfodrk ds ewyxkeh fu”d”kkZ*as ls ifjfpr ^lkS lkS Hkhrjh vk¡[kksa okys v[k+ckjuohl* utj vkrs gSAa mudh dfork jktuhfrd gS] D;ksfa d ^xgu xaHkhj Nk;k vkxfe”;r dh@ fy,] og tu&pfj=h gSA* vkt dh rsth ls cnyrh nqfu;k ea]s laHko gS] mudh dforkvksa esa of.kZr dqN ?kVuk,¡ vkSj muesa vfHkO;Dr dqN voèkkj.kk,¡ vizklafxd gks xbZ gks]a ysfdu mudh xgu vkSj Toyar ekuoh; varoZLrq ges’kk izklafxd cuh jgsxhA jktuhfrd dfo ds :i esa mUgsa dsoy Hkkjrh; turk dh ugha]a cfYd fo’o dh lHkh ‘kksf”kr&ihfM+r turk dh fpark FkhA os oLrqr% ,f’k;k] vÝhdk vkSj ykrhuh vesfjdk ds fiNM+s gq, uo Lora= vkSj viuh Lora=rk ds fy, yM+rs gq, ns’kksa ds dfo FksA LoHkkor% mudh jktuhfrd dforkvksa esa iwjk ;qx izfrfcafcr gS] ftlesa ekuork la?k”kZ djrs gq, Lora=rk vkSj lekurk dh fn’kk esa vxzlj gSA Hkkjr muds fy, tSls fo’o dk vfoHkkT; vax gS] oSls gh fo’o Hkh muds fy, Hkkjr ds fcuk iwjk ughaa gksrkA xgu ekuoh; laons uk vkSj bl O;kid n`f”V us gh mudh jktuhfrd dforkvksa dks Dykfldh xfjek vkSj mnkRRkrk iznku dj nh gSA blds vykok ,d ckr ;g gS fd mudh izk;% lHkh dforkvksa esa mUgha ds ‘kCn ysdj dgsa rks ^xhrkRed laons u ds dksey ikfjtkr* fc[kjs gq, gSAa ^v¡èksjs es*a ls gh mnkgj.k ysuk gks] rks mldh ;s iafDr;k¡ nsf[k, & ^jkf= ds ‘;key vksl ls {kkfyr@ dksbZ xq# xaHkhj egku vfLrRo egdrk gS yxkrkj*@ vkSj@ ^dejs esa lqcg dh èkwi vk xbZ gS@ xSyjh esa QSyk gS lqugjk jfo&NksjA* 45 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 45@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa dh izHkkoksRikndrk dk ,d jgL; ;g Hkh gS fd os LoIu dk o.kZu ;FkkFkZ dh rjg vkSj ;FkkFkZ dk o.kZu LoIu dh rjg djrs gSAa jksekuh vkosx vkSj n`<+ ;FkkFkZ&psruk mudh ,d fojy fo’ks”krk gSA jktuhfr ds ckn eqfDrcksèk dh dfork dk nwljk eq[; fo”k; eè;oxZ gS] ftlds os Lo;a lnL; FksA vU; izxfr’khy dfo;ksa us tgk¡ ekDlZokn dh izpfyr ekU;rk ds vuq:Ik etnwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dks vfèkd egRo fn;k gS] ogk¡ mUgksu a s eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa vkSj n¶rj ds deZpkfj;ksa dksA dkj.k ;g gS fd iw¡thokn ds fodkl ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa eè;oxhZ; cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa vkSj n¶rj ds deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k esa cgqr o`nf~ /k gqbZ gS] ftlls lekt es]a lkekftd la?k”kZ esa mldk egRo c<+ x;k gSA eqfDrcksèk us bl ckr dks le>k vkSj eè;oxZ dks mlds nkf;Ro dk cksèk djkus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;kA fu’p; gh ;g eè;oxZ fuEu&eè;oxZ gS] ftldh ekufldrk fuEu&iw¡thoknh gksrh gSA blh dkj.k mlls vkus okys iw¡thifr&oxZ dh rjQ Hkh tkrs gSa vkSj etnwj&oxZ dh rjQ Hkh vkSj jktuhfrd n`f”V ls muesa ,d vfLFkjrk gksrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dk vkRela?k”kZ Hkh eè;oxZ dh gh nsu gSA mudh ^czge ~ jk{kl* ‘kh”kZd dfork fon~okuksa n~okjk ^v¡èksjs es*a ds ckn mudh nwljh egRoiw.kZ dfork ekuh xbZ gSA bldk uk;d ,d fi’kkp gS D;ksfa d ejus ds ckn mls eks{k&ykHk ughaa gqvk] dkj.k ;g fd mlds O;fDrRo esa rhu dfe;k¡ FkhaA ,d rks ;g fd og deZ ls fojr jgdj vius fopkj vkSj dk;Z esa lkeatL; LFkkfir djuk pkgrk Fkk] nwljs og vfrjsd ds fcanq ij tkdj HkO; uSfrd ekuksa dks vkRelkr djrs gq, iw.kZrk izkIr djuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj rhljs og vius O;fDrRo ds fcYdqy fu”ksèk ds i{k esa FkkA ;s rhuksa detksfj;k¡ vifjiDo fparu dh nsu gS] tks eè;oxZ dh fo’ks”krk gSA czge ~ jk{kl dh vkdka{kkvksa ls lgkuqHkwfr j[krs gq, dfork ds izk;% var esa dfo dgrk gS & ^fil xbZ Hkhrjh @vkS ckgjh nks dfBu ikVksa ds chp@ ,slh Vªt s Mh gS uhp!!* var esa eqfDrcksèk us cgqr ekfeZdrk ds lkFk ;g dgk gS fd os ml czge ~ jk{kl dk f’k”; gksuk pkgrs gS]a mldh =klnh ls nzfor] ftlls fd og ftl dk;Z dks vèkwjk NksM+ x;k gS] mls rdZlEer ifj.kfr rd igqp ¡ k ldsAa mldh osnuk dk lzkz r s mldk vèkwjk dk;Z ;k mn~n’s ; gh gSA blh ls og ges’kk cspu S cuk jgrk gS vkSj vlkekU; O;ogkj djrk gSA fu”d”kZ ;g fd eqfDrcksèk dh vkdka{kk viuh futrk dks lqjf{kr j[krs gq, deZ&{ks= esa mrjdj vius O;fDrRo dk lkekftd :ikarj.k djrh gSA lanHkZ xzaFk 1234-

eqfDrcksèk] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS nwèkukFk flag] eqfDrcksèk lkfgR; esa ubZ izo`fRr;k¡ uanfd'kksj uoy] vkèkqfud fganh dfork dk bfrgkl ¼la½ fueZyk tSu] varLry dk iwjk foIyo % v¡èksjs esa

46 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 46@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk % tokch xnj dk foLQksV & izk-s nsojkt eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ;FkkFkZ dh xgjh idM+ dh dfork gSA og thoupsruk ds lkFk bl izdkj tqMh+ gS fd O;fDr vkSj lekt ds chp ?kVus okyk izR;sd {k.k viuh lkjh iw.kZrk ds lkFk mlesa fpf=r gqvk gSA dfork ds bl foy{k.k ;FkkFkZ dh ,d fo'ks"krk ;g Hkh gS fd og eqfDrcksèk ds fopkj&i{k ls dgha Hkh ughaa VdjkrhA dfo us viuh fofHkUu xn~; —fr;ksa esa ;FkkFkZ lacèa kh tks fparu izLrqr fd;k gS] ogh dfork esa loZ= O;kIr gSA ;g ckr ^rkj lIrd* ds muds oDrO; ls ysdj ûbZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk*] û, lkfgR; dk lkSna ;Z'kkL=*] ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh*] ^dke;kuh ,d iqufoZpkj*] ^Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr*] ^vf[kj jpuk D;ks*a vkfn fopkj xzaFkksa rFkk ^dkB dk liuk* vkSj ^lrg ls mBrk gqvk vkneh* dFkk xzaFkksa rd ls Li"V gSA ;gh ughaa û;k [kwu*] ^gal*] ^t;fgan*] ^tu;qn/~ k*] ^lkjFkh* vkSj ^lerk* vkfn i=&if=dkvksa esa izdkf'kr muds ys[k ftl ;FkkFkZoknh jpuk n`f"V dh vksj ladr s djrs gSa ogha mudh dfork dh l`tu&izfØ;k dh ewy n`f"V gSA eqfDrcksèk dfo dks ewy :i esa ,d la?k"kZ'khy izk.kh ekurs gSa vkSj mlds la?k"kZ ds rhu dsna z fuèkkZfjr djrs gSAa igyk rRo ds fy,] nwljk lw{e vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vkSj rhljk jpuk&n`f"V ds fy,A1 bu rhuksa dh foospuk djrs gq, os ;FkkFkZ rRo] ;FkkFkZ vfHkO;fDr dk iz;kl vkSj ;FkkZFk n`f"V dk fln~/kkar izfrikfnr djrs gSAa bl fln~/kkar dks vkèkkj cukdj tks dfork fy[kh tk,xh og O;kid thou dh vuqHkwfr;ksa dks izdkf'kr djsxh] mlesa lkaL—frd ewY; ifjyf{kr gksxa h vkSj og mu leLr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ys[kk izLrqr djsxh] tks O;fDr vkSj lekt nksuksa dks fu;af=r dj jgh gS & ,d izdkj ls og vkèkqfud thou dh vlfy;r dh dfork gksxhA eqfDrcksèk blh dfork dks lgh dfork ekurs gSa vkSj ubZ dfork dks ;g :i iznku djuk pkgrs gS]a ftlesa og ;FkkFkZ rRo vkSj ;FkkFkZ&jpuk&n`f"V ls tqMd + j ekuoh; thou ls vius dks lacn~/k djsAa 2 û, lkfgR; dk lkSna ;Z 'kkL=* esa dfo us ;FkkFkZ ds egRo dks Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS fd ckgjh lalkj dh fLFkfr vkSj mldh O;fDreu ij gksus okyh izfrfØ;k dh foLr`r tkudkjh jpukdkj ds fy, vko';d gSA dfo dk og n`f"Vdks.k ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* esa vkSj vfèkd foLrkj ds lkFk lkeus vk;k gSA ogk¡ dfo us dgk gS fd ;g vko';d ughaa gS fd dfo tks dqN thrk vkSj Hkksxrk gS] og mldk furkar oS;fDrd gks] fdarq og ftu okLrfodrkvksa dk vadu djrk gS os thus vkSj Hkksxs tkus okyh lPpkb;ksa ls tqMh+ gksrh gSa vkSj O;kid okLrfodrk dk izfrfufèkRo djrh gSA eqfDrcksèk jpukdkj ds fy, O;kid thou&vuqHko dh vko';drk ij 47 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 47@^v¡

cy nsrs gSAa thou dk dksbZ va'k ,slk ughaa gS] ftls lkfgfR;d vfHkO;fDr dk ekè;e u cuk;k tk ldsA vr% dykdkj ds fy, ;g vfuok;Z gS fd og vius oS;fDrd {ks= ls ckgj fudysA3 vius dsna z ls ckgj dh vksj xfr djus dh ;g izfØ;k blfy, vkSj Hkh vko';d gS fd fcuk blds u rks ifjofrZr lehdj.kksa dk lgh fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u ;FkkFkZ ds ifjofrZr lhedj.kksa dk lgh fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u ;FkkFkZ ds fudV igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA4 oLrqr% lkfgR; dh lkekftd ltxr vkSj ewY;xr psruk mlh fLFkfr esa v{kq..k jg ldrh gS] tc mlesa mRRkjnkf;Ro dh Hkkouk ds lkFk thou dh okLrfodrkvksa dk vadu fd;k tk,A ftl ;qx esa eqfDrcksèk ft, vkSj mUgksu a s la"k?kZ fd;k mlesa thou vkSj lkfgR; dk ijLij lfUudV jguk vfuok;Z gks x;kA rhozxfr ls gksus okys ifjorZuksa us izR;sd {ks= esa laØe.k dh fLFkfr iSnk dj nh vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds ekè;eksa dh ryk'k c<+ xbZA eqfDrcksèk us lkfgR; dks vfHkO;fDr ds leFkZ rFkk lpsr ekè;e ds :i esa pqukA û;k [kwu* esa mUgksaus ,d ckj fy[kk & ^fiNys vkB&nl lkyksa ls gekjh ftanxh esa dqN ,slh rCnhyh gqbZ gS vkSj fiNys pkj ik¡p lkyksa ls ml rCnhyh dh j¶rkj bruh rst gks xbZ gS fd gekjh ftanxh dk ;FkkFkZ gekjs lkfgR; esa iwjs vfHkizk; vkSj vkos'k ds lkFk mrjuk pkg jgk gSA5 eqfDrcksèk dh bl fopkjèkkjk ds vkèkkj ij ;FkkFkZoknh jpuk dk tks [kkdk rS;kj gksrk gS] og ,d rks tM+hHkwr lkSna ;Z&n`f"V dk fojksèk djrk gS( nwljs tu&leL;kvksa ls tqMu + s dk ekè;e ekDlZ dks ekurk gSA eqfDrcksèk dHkh Hkh xkaèkhokn dk leFkZu ughaa dj ldsA eqfDrcksèk dh n`f"V esa xkaèkhokn ds funZs'k ckSn~f/kd fu"d"kksZa ds vuqdwy izsj.kk ughaa nsrsA blds LFkku ij ekDlZ euq"; dh laons u {kerk dk leFkZd gSa rFkk fufnZ"V dk leFkZu u djds dfork dks vfèkd iz;kstuorh cukrk gSA bl n`f"V ls eqfDrcksèk lektoknh ;FkkFkZokn ds iks"kd gSAa lu~ 1950 ds ckn eqfDrcksèk ds nks dkO; laxgz izdkf'kr gq,A igyk ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* ftlesa mudh vV~BkbZl jpuk,¡ ladfyr gSa vkSj nwljk Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy* ftlesa lSr a kyhl dfork,¡ izLrqr dh xbZ gSAa blds vfrfjDr eqfDrcksèk dh jpuk,¡ ^rkj lIrd* vkSj i= if=dkvksa esa feyrh gSA dfo dk ;g lkjk jpuk lapkj ¼fo'sk"k :i ls ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* vkSj ^Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy*½ bl rF; dks izcy :i ls izekf.kr djrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk lkekftd thou ds O;k[;krk gSA ;gk¡ ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd bu dforkvksa dks oS;fDrd èkjkry ij izfrf"Br fd;k x;k gSA dfo vusd ckj leLr Hk; ;k leLr ?k`.kk dks vius Hkhrj lesV dj izLrqr djrk gS fdarq gesa ;g è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd eqfDrcksèk dk êS*a fdlh Hkh voLFkk esa ladfas nzr ;k vfHkdsfa nzr êS*a ughaa gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork dk dSuol lekt vkSj O;fDr dks tksMr + k gqvk ,d gh lkFk dbZ fLFkfr;ks]a n'kkvksa vkSj dky&{k.kksa dks izLrqr djrk gSA mlds ns[ks lekt dk izR;sd O;fDr viuh&viuh vfHk'kIr fLFkfr dks Hkksx jgk gSA fdarq dforkvksa ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd dfo 48 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 48@^v¡

Lo;a lc dqN Hkksx jgk gS vkSj dfork mls O;Dr djrh tk jgh gSA fu"d"kZ ;g gS fd eqfDrcksèk ;FkkFkZ Hkksx ds rVLFk nz"Vk u gksdj lg;k=h gSAa bl fof'k"V Hkwfedk esa eqfDrcksèk dk dfo&O;fDrRo lkekftd lexzrk dk izfrfufèk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ledkyhu folaxfr;ksa dks eqfDrcksèk 'kfDr ds lkFk m?kkM+ dj lcds lkeus j[k ldsA viuh dfork esa ml la=kl vkSj la'k; dks dSn dj lds gS]a tks rst vkx dh rjg gj ifFkd ds iSjksa dks tyk Mky jgh gS vkSj ftlls lkjk thou&Øe izHkkfor gks jgk gSA bl Hk; us izR;sd O;fDr ds Hkhrj ,d ,slk 'kwU; iSnk dj fn;k gS tks vius tcM+kas ls ekuo O;fDrRo dks dqpy Mkyuk pkgrk gSA og dkyk ccZj uXu 'kwU; ,d ds ckn ,d ?kko dk fuekZ.k djrk pyrk gS vkSj varr% vius nk¡rksa dks c<+krk gqvk vfLrRo dk iz'u [kM+k dj nsrk gS& ^Hkhrj tks 'kwU; gS@ml dk ,d tcM+k gS@tcM+s esa ek¡l dkV [kkus ds nk¡r gS@ a mu dks [kk tk,¡x@ s rqedks [kk tk,¡xAs *6 vkSn; ~ ksxhdj.k us 'kgjh lH;rk dks tUe nsdj thou dks lkaL—frd èkjkry ij izHkkfor fd;kA ckgj&Hkhrj ls leku jgus okyh laL—fr vc n~fo&eq[kh gks xbZ gSA ckgj ls izrhr gksrk gS fd lkjk uxj vo.kZuh; le`nf~ èk ls vkIykfor gS fdarq okLrfodrk ;g gS fd lkjh rM+d&HkM+d ds ihNs dgha xgjk [kkyhiu xw¡t jgk gSA dfo bl ;FkkFkZ dk mn~?kkVu djrk gqvk dgrk gS & ^nh[krs gSa lVs gq, cM+&s cM+s v{kjksa es@ a eqldjkrs foKkiu@ flusek es]a nqdkuksa ds] jksxksa ds@ izHkherk@ pedrs gq,] 'kkunkj@ ptyk gw¡ fd ns[krk gw¡ uxj dk eqldjkrk O;fDrRo egkdkj@ nedrh jkSud dk mYykl@ pgpgkrh lM+dksa dh lkfM+;k¡@ yxrk gS@ fd leLr LoxhZ; pepekrs vkHkkyksd okys@ bl uxj dk futRo tknqb@ Z fd jaxhu ek;kvksa dk iznhIr iq¡t ;g@ uxj gS v;FkkFkZA*7 bl uxj dh okLrfod n'kk ;g gS fd blls psgjs ij iqrs ikmMj ds uhps pspd ds Hkn~ns nkx gSa] HkM+dhys fyckl ds vanj ccZj uaxh nsg gS vkSj laL—fr ?k`.kk dk f'kdkj gSA8 bl izdkj ds fo—r 'kgjh&v¡èksjs esa euq"; thou dh cSyxkM+h dks [khap jgk gSA blls nwj dgha xk¡ouqek LFkku ij nwljk ,d O;fDr viuh thou&xkM+h gk¡d jgk gSA nksuksa dh thouxfr ,d gSA nksuksa viuh&viuh leL;kvksa ls f?kjs gSAa QdZ cl vkcksgok dk gS & ^blh cSyxkM+h dks igkM+h <kyks ij@p<+krk&mrkjrk c<+rk gw¡ eS@ a blh cSyxkM+h dks@ cgqr nwj rqe@ [khap jgs 'kgjh v¡èksjs es@ a ogh cSyxkM+h@ ogh gk¡duk@ flQZ ,d QdZ gS@ QdZ vkcksgok dkA*9 'kgj esa v¡èksjk gS] xVj gS] Vdjkus ds fy, [kaHkk gS] gks&gYyk gS] mnkl mtkyk gS rks xk¡o esa [krjukd Å¡pkb;k¡ gSa vkSj tkuysok eksM+ gSA bu ijs'kkfu;ksa ds ckotwn 'kgj o xk¡o dk varj fdlh Lrj ij 'kgj ls nwj ds thou dks ljlrk iznku djus okyk gS D;ksfa d 'kgj dk ,dkdhiu pyus dh ihM+k dk fujarj c<+krk gS] tcfd xk¡o dk ,dkdhiu pk¡n] rkjksa vkSj BaMh gok ds lkFk cgqr q dqN ?kqVu 10 ls futkr fnyk nsrk gSA 49 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 49@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk us O;fDr dks dsna z esa j[kdj dfork dh jpuk dh gSA ;gh ;FkkZokn dk ewy fln~/kkar Hkh gSA O;fDr gh fofoèk izdkj ds vkØe.kksa dk f'kdkj gS vr% ekDlZokn Hkh O;fDr ds ekè;e ls gh lektokn dh :ijs[kk izLrqr djrk gS vkSj pkgrk gS fd izR;sd O;fDr O;oLFkk ds fy, lUun~/k gksA eqfDrcksèk blh O;fDr dh okLrfod fLFkfr dk vadu dj mls fonzkgs h eqnkz iznku djuk pkgrs gSAa vkt dk O;fDr thou Hkj ljy ekxkZas ij nkSMk+ fdarq ckn esa mlds fgLls vlQyrkvksa dk dwMk+ &dpjk gh vk;kA lkjs ifjos'k esa QSys Ny&Nn~e us mls dqafBr cuk fn;k vkSj og viuh lkFkZdrk ds vglkl ls Hkh f[kUu gks x;k & ^vlQyrk dk èkwy dpjk vks<@ s+ blfy, fd og pDdjnkj thuksa ij feyrh gS@ Ny Nn~e dh@ fdarq eSa lhèkh lkèkh iVjh&iVjh nkSMk+ gw¡@ thou dh@ fQj Hkh] eSa viuh lkFkZdrk esa f[kUu gw¡A*11 dqN lRRkkèkkjh lkekftd] jktuhfrd vkSj èkkfeZd yksxksa us bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k fd;k fd O;fDr esa ghu&Hkkouk iuih] og ^'kscy z Vs Mku* ds uhps ysVus dks foo'k gqvk] thou Hkj rsfy;k&fyckl igu vehjksa dh dkjksa ds iqjts lqèkkjrk jgk vkSj mudh vkKk,¡ <ksus dk dke djrk jgkA12 fdarq tSlk fd igys ladr s fd;k x;k gS fd eqfDrcksèk dsoy Hk;kud dk fp=.k Hkj djuk viuk mn~n's ; ughaa ekurs] euq"; dks lpsr cukdj la?k"kZ esa yxkuk mudk y{; gS vr% mUgsa O;fDr dh 'kfDr o mn~nke bPNk dk è;ku gSA dfo dh ^czg~ejk{kl* jpuk bl n`f"V ls vR;ar l'kDr gSA iwjh dfork ,d QsVa l s h gSA 'kgj ls nwj lwuh ckoM+h esa ,d czgz ~ejk{kl cSBk gS] tks ikxy dh Hkk¡fr cM+cM+k jgk gSA ;g czgz ~ejk{kl O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dk izfrfufèk gSA thou dk xf.kr djrs gq, bl czgz e ~ jk{kl dh ekSr gks tkrh gSA ;g vkèkqfud ;qx dh Hk;kud ^Vªfs tM+h* gS fdarq dfo dk ladYi vHkh ejk ughaa gSA og blh czgz ~ejk{kl dk f'k"; cudj mlds vèkwjs la?k"kZ dks iw.kZrk dh vksj ys tkuk pkgrk gSA ;gk¡ dfo O;fDr dks ,d lkFkZd Hkwfedk iznku djuk pkgrk gS & ^eSa czgz e ~ jk{kl dk lty ml f'k";@ gksuk pkgrk@ ftlls fd ml dk vèkwjk dk;Z@ mldh osnuk dk lzkr s @ laxr iw.kZ fu"d"kkZas ryd@ igq¡pk ldw¡A*13 iwt ¡ hoknh O;oLFkk ewy :i ls jDrthoh O;oLFkk gSA iwt ¡ hifr lnSo Jfed dh Nkrh ij iSj j[kdj mUufr dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+rk gSA iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dk egy Je dh lk¡lksa ls curk gSA ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd lekt esa oS"kE; c<+rk tkrk gSA Jfed viuh fLFkfr dks dHkh lqèkkj ughaa ikrk tcfd iw¡thifr yxkrkj mldk 'kks"k.k djrk gS vkSj vuojr ,sls "kM~;a= cqurk jgrk gS] ftuesa Jfed filrk jgsA eqfDrcksèk us bl iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* dfork esa ml iwjs "kM~;a= dks fpf=r fd;k x;k gS] tks bl O;oLFkk dk vfuok;Z vax gSA lu~ rjsiu dk Hk;kud L;kg Vs<s+ eq¡g okyk pk¡n iwjh rjg ls 'kks"kd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dk izrhd gSA pk¡nuh bl iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ds os gFkdaMs gSa tks 50 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 50@^v¡

'kks"k.k dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, vfuok;Z gSA dbZ ckj ;k vfèkdka'kr% ;s gFkdaMs jktuhfrd gksrs gS]a D;ksfa d iwt ¡ hokn ges'kk jktuhfr dks lkFk ysdj pyrk gSA dfork dh ;g fo'ks"krk gS fd mlesa iw¡thokn ds vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd nksuks ekspkZas ij cf[k;k m/ksMh+ xbZ gSA 'kks"k.k dh leFkZd Ekkè;e pk¡nuh tklwl ds :i esa fofHkUu vk—fr;k¡ èkkj.k dj ‘kgj Hkj esa ?kwerh gSa & ^;enwr iq=h lh@ ¼lHkh nsg L;kg] ij@ iats flQZ ‘osr vkSj@ [kwu Vidkrs gq, uk[kwu½ ns[krh gS ektkZj½ fpidkrk dkSu gS@ gM+rkyh iksLVjA*14 ^Mwcrk pk¡n dc Mwcxs k* esa Hkh iwt ¡ hoknh O;oLFkk ds fy, pk¡n dks gh izrhd cuk;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ pk¡n xath] lkQ&lQsn [kksiM+h okyk gSA og fdysue q k f{kfrt dh ek¡n ls fudy dj >iVrk gS & ^bu fdys d¡xjw ksa NTtks xqEcn ehukjks@ a ij f{kfrt] f{kfr xqgk ek¡n esa ls fudy@ frjNk >iVk@ tks xath lkQ&lQsn [kksiM+h okyk pk¡n@ dqrdhZ ogA*15 ;g iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk euq”; dks fuEure fLFkfr rd foiUu cuk nsrh gSA brus ij Hkh mls lnSo ‘kksf”kr ls fonzkgs dk [krjk cuk jgrk gSA blhfy, fofHkUu izdkj ls mldk mRihM+u fd;k tkrk gSA tcju ys tk dj VwVs gq, LVwy ij cSBk fn;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ yksgs dh dhy ‘kh’k ij j[k ml ij gFkkSMs+ cjlk, tkrs gSAa ‘kh’k dh gM~Mh rksM+ nh tkrh gSA ‘kh’k dk eksVk vfLFk dop fudky fn;k tkrk gS rkfd eLrd ;a= esa fopkjksa dh ÅtkZ dh iz—fr dk irk yxk;k tk ldsA ml fizafVax izl s dks [kkstk tk lds ftlesa pqipki [k;kyksa ds ipZs Nirs gSAa 16 eqfDrcksèk oxZ&la?k”kZ dh voèkkj.kk ij fo’okl djrs gSAa iw¡thokn ds izHkko ls tks O;oLFkk vfLrRo esa vkbZ vkSj ftlus iwjh ekuo&laL—fr dks foHkDr dj vèk%iru dh vksj èkdsyk og varr% Økafr dk f’kdkj cu u”V gksuh gSA ‘kks”kd vkSj ‘kksf”kr ds la?k”kZ esa ‘kksf”kr dks fot; feyrh gS D;ksfa d og U;k; ;qDr vfèkdkjksa ds fy, yM+ jgk gSA bl l?k”kZ esa eqfDrcksèk lfØ; Hkkx ysrs gSAa ;gk¡ rd fd ‘kks”kd ls lkQ dg nsras gSa & ^vc vki pkgs ljdkj gks@ a ;k lkgwdkj gks@ a muds lkFk 17 esjh iVjh cSBrh gS@ muds lkFkA* oxZ&la?k”kZ eas eqfDrcksèk dh ;g lk>snkjh vusd dykdkjksa dks muds lgh nkf;Ro ds izfr lpsr djrh gSA iwjh O;oLFkk ds f[kykQ vfHk;ku pyrk gSA blesa cxy ds dkxtksa dh Hkksxyh nck,] gkFk esa fMCck&dw¡ph laHkkys isaVj gS]a dkjhxj gS] dykdkj gS] dfo gS vkSj bl cqnf~ /k&thoh oxZ ds lkFk uaxs iSj lkjk ‘kgj gSA cjxn ds my>koksa ds chp vkSj nhokjksa ij iksLVj yxk, tkrs gS]a isaVj iksLVj i<+rs yksxksa ds js[kkfp= cukuk pkgrk gSA bl vfHk;ku esa iksLVj] dfork dh iz—fr cu tkrs gSa D;ksfa d bUgsa bl rjg rS;kj fd;k x;k gS fd buesa ls ftanxh dh >Yyk;h gqbZ vkx cjl jgh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ekuoeqfDr ds bl vfHk;ku dks lQy cukus ds fy, lc dykdkj ikjLifjd oSfHkU; feVkdj] lfEefyr Je vkSj leku vfèkdkj ds fy, yM+us dk ladYi djrs gSAa 18 bl vfHk;ku dk ewy ea= 51 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 51@^v¡

gS & ^vkneh dh nnZ Hkjh xgjh iqdkj lqu@ iM+rk gS nkSM+ tks@ vkneh gS og [kwc@ tSls rqe Hkh vkneh@ oSls eSa Hkh vknehA*19 ‘kks”k.k&eqfDr dk ;g vfHk;ku cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa ls lfØ; lg;ksx dh vis{kk j[krk gSA ekDlZ us lkfgR; dks lkekftd ifjorZu dh ‘kfDr ls laiUu ekuk gSA ;g lgh Hkh gS D;ksfa d dksbZ Hkh cM+k ifjorZu cqnf~ /kthoh oxZ ds fcuk lkFkZd ughaa gks ldrkA izR;sd ifjorZu dh ;fn og lkekftd&lkaL—frd ifjorZu gS & ,d nk’kZfud fHkfRRk gksrh gS vkSj bldk lacèa k lekt ds fpard oxZ ls gSA blh vkèkkj ij eqfDrcksèk loZgkjk Økafr esa jpukdkjksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh pkgrs gSAa fdarq tc ;g ns[krs gSa fd ;g Hkkxhnkjh lgh :i esa ughaa fuHkkbZ tk jgh gS] rks muds eu esa {kksHk Hkj tkrk gS vkSj os cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dh fLFkfr ij O;aX; djrs gq, dg mBrs gSa & ^lc pqi lkfgfR;d pqi vkSj dfotu fuokZd@ ~ fpard] f’kYidkj] urZd pqi gSAa @ muds [+k;ky ls ;g lc xi gS@ ek= fdaonarh@ jDrpkih oxZ ls ukfHkuky cn~/k ;s lc yksx@ uial q d Hkksx f’kjk tkyks esa my>sA*20 bl fuHkhZdrk ds lkFk lkekU; vkneh ds fo#n~/k fd, tk jgs “kM~;= a dh okLrfod rLohj [khaprs gq, eqfDrcksèk ,d ds ckn ,d oxZ ds thou dks fpf=r djrs pys tkrs gSAa mudh dfork esa mu ukfj;ksa dk o.kZu gS] tks dkyihfM+r gSa vkSj ftuds psgjs mnklh ls jaxs xaHkhj eqj>k, gq, gS]a fdarq rc Hkh os lqlLa —r dgykus okys cqnf~ /kekuksa dh n`f”V vPNh rjg igpku ysrh gSAa 21 ,slh ukfj;k¡ Hkh gSa] tks xHkZorh gksus ds ckotwn otunkj ?kM+kas dks <+kr s h gS]a diM+s èkksrh gSa vkSj x`gLrh 22 pykus ds fy, etnwjh djrh gSAa ,sls ckyd gS]a tks xgjs djkgrs xHkkZas esa ls tUesa gSAa ;s chekj lektksa ds ?kj esa iz’u fpg~u ds leku gSA ,sls ckyd Hkh gS]a tks ‘kks”kd ds oh;Zcht ls tUe ysus ds dkj.k nks flj vkSj pkj iSj okys jk{kl dh Hkk¡fr23 gSa vkSj ,sls vkneh gS]a ftuds psgjs ihys tnZ gS]a tks VwVs gq, gSa vkSj ftuds ‘kjhj ij ?kko gh ?kko gSAa 24 blh izdkj ds vusd fp= eqfDrcksèk us viuh dfork esa mdsjs gSAa bu fp=ksa ds ekè;e ls mudh dfork lkewfgd nnZ dk nLrkost cu xbZ gSA ;fn è;ku ls ns[kk tk, rks ubZ dfork esa eqfDrcksèk ,d ek= ,sls dfo gS]a ftudh izR;sd jpuk nnZ ls tqMh+ gSA mudh lc dfork,¡ fo’ks”k Hkko&cksèk dh dfork,¡ gSAa buesa O;fDr vkSj lekt nksuksa dk nnZ O;Dr gqvk gS rFkk ;s viuh bl fof’k”Vrk esa lkjs ;qx dk izfrfufèkRo djrh gSaA MkW- jkefoykl ‘kekZ us Bhd gh eqfDrcksèk dh jpukvksa dks osnuk ds fp=.k dh n`f”V ls cgqr vfèkd egRoiw.kZ ekuk gSA25 eqfDrcksèk us lkSna ;Zn`f”V dks lkekftd&n`f”V ls tksMk+ gSA mudh ;g Li”V ekU;rk gS fd tks lkfgR;dkj] lkekftd ;k nk’kZfud lkSna ;Z izrhfr vkSj lkekftd n`f”V ls ijLij fojksèk dh dYiuk dj mldh O;k[;k fdlh vyx <ax ls djrs gS]a os Li”Vr% Hkwy djrs gSa vkSj viuh —f=e foHkktd&cqnf~ /k dk ifjp; nsrs gSAa 26 dfo dh ;g ekU;rk ladr s djrh gS fd lkSan;Z dh l`tu izfØ;k vkSj jpukdkj 52 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 52@^v¡

n~okjk mldk izLrqrhdj.k fdlh ,slh dYiuk vFkok midYiuk ij vkèkkfjr ughaa gS] tks vgsrd q :i ls fon~;eku gSA dfo viuh jpuk esa ftu rRoksa dk iz;ksx djrk gS] vkSj ftuds xzg.k ls viuh lkSna ;Zn`f”V dk fuekZ.k djrk gS fuf’pr :i ls muds okLrfod lkekftd Lrj vn~Hkwr gksrs gSa blds vHkko esa lkfgR; l`tu laHko ughaa gSA eqfDrcksèk bl fo”k; esa fy[krs gS&a ^^eq[; ckr ;g gS fd lkSna ;kZuHq kwfr vkSj thoukuqHko nksuksa dh nks fofHkUu d{kkvksa ij lekukarj xfr ughaa gksrh gSA lkSna ;kZuHq kwfr ,sLFksfVd ,Dlihfj;al thoukuqHkoksa ds xq.kkRed jhfr ls ifjofrZr :i dk uke gSA lkSan;kZuHq ko vkSj okLrfod thou&txr esa izkIr okLrfod vuqHko bu nks esa ewyHkwr ,drkRedrk gSA27 bl ,dkRedrk dk dkj.k foèkk;d dYiuk dk la;ks x gSA ;g lgh gS fd thoukuqHko ds rRo gh dfo xzg.k djrk gS fdarq tc os rRo dYiuk ds lkfUuè; esa fujkyk :i èkkj.k dj ysrs gS]a rc muls lkSna ;Z dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj ;gh fLFkfr nks dforkvksa ds chp lw{e foHkktd js[kk [khap nsrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh fofHkUu dfork,¡ blh fof’k”V lkSna ;Z n`f”V dks vkèkkj cukdj fy[kh xbZ gSA dfo lk¡> dk n`’; fpf=r djrk gS fdarq mls gj ix ij ;g è;ku jgrk gS fd lk¡> ds lkjs fp= vkSj xxu esa muds cnyrs :i O;fDr ds thou dh fofoèk laons ukvksa ls tqMs+ gSa & ^lk¡> mrjh jax ysdj mnklh dk@ ioZrksa ds ikl@ fcafcrk >ksysa gqbZ xaHkhj@ lk¡> dh ekuksa l[kh gks@ xxu esa gS xs:bZ dqN cs#[kh lh@ nwfj;k¡ QSyh gqb@ Z vkdk’k dh vfruhy Nk;kvksa ljh[kk@ eSa ;gk¡ eSnku iFk ij tk jgk gw¡A*28 blh izdkj eqfDrdkeh iSjksa dh eksp dh ph[kksa esa dfo us lekt O;kih mfn~oXurk dh iz—fr ds fofHkUu miknkuksa n~okjk vafdr fd;k gSA xfy;ks]a edkuks]a lehj] fdj.kksa ds lqugjs rkj] iaNh] nhoky vkfn izR;sd esa dfo us thou dh okLrfod fLFkfr dks [kkstk gS vkSj bu lcdk mi;ksx ;FkkFkZoknh lkSna ;Zn`f”V ds varxZr fd;k gSA29 dfo dh yach jpuk ^lw[ks dBksj uaxs igkM+* Hkh bl n`f”V ls egRoiw.kZ gSA mlesa lw[ks vkSj dBksj uaxs igkM+ lai.w kZ ;qx thou dh fofHkUu ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr;ksa dks <ksrs gSAa oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ;FkkFkZ ls lk{kkRdkj dh dfork gSA ml dfork ij fdlh izdkj vkRexzLrrk dk vkjksi ughaa yxk;k tkuk pkfg, D;ksfa d dfo dk vkRe lkoZtfud vkRe gSA og ;FkkFkZ dk lgHkksDrk gSA blfy, tgk¡ Hkh dfo us vkReijd cukdj ckr dgh gS] ogk¡ lekt dh vkReijdrk lkeus vkrh gSA eqfDrcksèk ds ;FkkFkZ dh ;g fo’ks”krk gh ekuh tk,xh fd mlesa dfo vkSj jpuk nksuksa vius&vius Lrj ij okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkeus&lkeus eqBHksM+ dh eqnkz esa gSA blh dkj.k ;FkkFkZ viuh lexzrk ds lkFk eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa mrjk gSA os thou Hkj ftl ;FkkFkZ thou ls la?k”kZ djrs jgs vkSj ftl okrkoj.k ds fo#n~/k vkokt mBkrs jgs] ogh mudh jpuk dk mithO; gSA dfo dk vkReeaFku iwjs ;qx dk vkReeaFku gSA ogk¡ O;fDr vius ;qx dh lexzrk dk cksèkd gSA eq[;r% 53 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 53@^v¡

blh :ijs[kk ds lgkjs eqfDrcksèk dks vfèkd izkekf.kdrk ds lkFk le>k tk ldrk gS fdarq eqfDrcksèk ds dkO; dk lp dsoy bruk gh ughaa gSA muds ;gk¡ ,slh vfHkO;fDr;ksa dh Hkh Hkjekj gS] tks jksekuh jpuk&ewY;ksa ls izfs jr gSA ,slk ughaa gS fd eqfDrcksèk us fln~/kkar i<+ dj jksekuh Hkkoukvksa dks izdV fd;k gS ;k mudh dfork,¡ fdlh izdkj jksekuh dyk vkanksyu ds lkfgfR;d ekspsZ dh jpuk,¡ gSa & cfYd jksekuh dyk ds varxZr ftl fonzkgs vkSj iz—fr ds ltho :i ds lkFk varlZacaèk dk fo’ks”k egRo gS] og eqfDrcksèk ds LoHkko dk vax gSA ;gk¡ rd fd muds dkO; dk ;FkkFkZ mudh jksekuh laons uk ds fcuk iwjk ughaa gksrkA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork bu nksuksa dh likV vfHkO;fDr ls dgha vfèkd buds n~oano~ dh dfork gSA eqfDrcksèk us lu~ 1935 ls dfork,¡ fy[kuk izkjaHk fd;kA ;g dky Nk;kokn vkSj izxfrokn dk lafèk&LFky ekuk tkrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd os bl lafèk js[kk ds nksuksa vksj mifLFkr gSAa oLrqr% mudh dkO; ;k=k Nk;kokn dh jkseSafVd Hkwfe ls izkjaHk gqbZ vkSj os ‘kuS% ‘kuS% izxfrokn] ekDlZokn vkSj lektoknh ;FkkFkZokn dh vksj c<+rs x,A ^rkj lIrd* ds vius oDrO; esa eqfDrcksèk us fy[kk gS fd ^ekyos ds foLrh.kZ euksgj eSnkuksa esa ls ?kwerh gqbZ f{kizk dh jDr HkO; lk¡>as vkSj fooèk :i o`{kksa dh Nk;k,¡ esjs fd’kksj dfo dh vkn~;lkSna ;Z izjs .kk,¡ FkhaA*30 bl lkSna ;Z izjs .k ds izHkko ls dfo us izkjaHk esa ftu dforkvksa dk l`tu fd;k os jksekuh;r dh vksj ladr s djrh gSAa oSls Hkh eqfDrcksèk dh dkO; nqfu;k ,d le; jksefaS Vd jgh gSA31 ^rkj lIrd* dh vfèkla[; dfork,¡ dfo ds jksekuh Hkko&cksèk dks lwfpr djrh gSAa dsoy ^iw¡thokn lekt ds izfr* ,slh dfork gS] ftlesa ;FkkFkZ dh vksj >qdko ifjyf{kr gqvk gSA ;g >qdko Hkh ekDlZoknh ‘kSyh dk lektoknh #>ku gSA blds ckn dfo dk igyk laxgz ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* izdk’k esa vk;kA blesa rhu izdkj dh dfork,¡ gSAa igyh os] tks ,d&,d ;FkkFkZoknh fparu dks Li”V djrh gaAS nwljh os] tks jksekuh Hkkoksa dks Li”V djrh gSa vkSj rhljh os] ftuesa jksekuh vksj ;FkkFkZoknh ewY;ksa dk vkarfjd n~ona o~ mHkjdj lkeus vkrk gSA ;n~;fi ;g xzFa k eq[; :i ls dfo dh ;FkkFkZ psruk dk okgd gS fdarq blesa O;kIr jksekuh Vp dks Hkh de egRoiw.kZ ughaa ekuk tk ldrkA eqfDrcksèk dh e`R;q ds yxHkx nks n’kdksa ckn izdkf’kr mudk dkO; laxgz ^Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy* dfo ds —frRo ds egkdkO;kRed pfj= dks ysdj lkeus vk;kA eqfDrcksèk dh dYiuk dh O;kidrk vkSj mudh vuqHkwfr dh xgurk bl laxgz dh dforkvksa esa vfèkd lcy :i esa izLrqr gqbAZ ^Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy* dh jpukvksa esa furkar ;FkkFkZoknh la?k”kZ Hkh lkeus vk;k gS] D;ksfa d mlls vyx gVuk eqfDrcksèk ds fy, dHkh Hkh laHko ughaa Fkk] fdarq laxgz dk iwjk izHkko euq”; dh dHkh Hkh gkj u ekuus okyh jksekuh ÅtkZièz kku vk’kk dks :ikf;r djrk gSA ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* vkSj ^Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy* nksuksa laxgz ksa dh dforkvksa ls jksekuh izo`fRr ds fofoèk i{k Li”V gksrs gSAa 54 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 54@^v¡

^,d HkwriwoZ fonzksgh dk vkRedFku* dfork dk var bl izdkj gksrk gS & ^nqfu;k esa uke dekus ds fy,@ dHkh dksbZ Qwy ughaa f[kyrk gS@ ân;kuqHko jkxv#.k@ xqykch Qwy] iz—fr ds xaèk dks”k@ dk’k] ge cu ldsAa *32 fu’p; gh bu iafDr;ksa esa O;Dr dh xbZ ladYièkehZ vk’kk jksekuh gSA lkFk gh iz—fr ds izfr dfo dk yxko Hkh Li”V gksrk gSA blh izdkj ^esjs lgpj fe=* esa iz—fr ds izfr viuh xgjh #fp dk ifjp; nsrk gqvk dfo uhys vkleku dh ljgn ij fLFkr dksey fpfM+;k] vk¡xu] jks’kunku] f{kfrt ij Bgjh dkyh fcafn;k] ‘kkSykapy] dSykl f’k[kj vkfn dk o.kZu djrk gSA33 blh izdkj ^Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy* dkO; laxgz dh ^ck¡g ilkjs cksyk Fkk vkdk’k* dfork esa dfo iz—fr ls jkxkRed Lrj ij lk{kkRdkj djrk gSA >jus] ufn;k¡ vkSj >hysa vdkj.k gh ughaa cu x,] cfYd ;g Lo;a vkleku gh i`Foh dh mnklhu vfHkO;fDr ij fi?ky dj uhps izokg ds :i esa cg pyk gSA vkleku i`Foh dks vius mj ij lesVus dh vkdka{kk O;Dr djrk gS vkSj i`Foh viuh Lora=r xfr dk è;ku dj ize s ds izfr mnklhurk O;Dr djrh gSA i`Foh dh bl Li”VksfDr ij vkdk’k nq%[kkfXu eas fi?ky x;k vkSj cg pykA34 ;gk¡ dfo us ize s dks cgqr lhèks :i esa iz—fr ds ekè;e ls O;Dr fd;k gS vkSj iz—fr esa ize s dh ljl Hkkoukvksa dh [kkst dh gSA dfo dh ^xhr* dfork Hkh bl n`f”V ls egRoiw.kZ gSA mldk izkjaHk gh dfo us ^taxy ds ikSèkksa ds Qwyksa dh@ dher u gks Hkys gh dqN@ lehj ;g tkurk gS@ mlds os vius gS]a lxs gS]a izk.k I;kjs gS*a 35 iafDr;ksa ls fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; dfork esa jksekuh dyk ds izHkko ls jk”Vªh;&Hkkouk dk tks Lo:i fodflr gqvk Fkk] og dgha&dgha eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa esa Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dfo us Hkkjrh; tkxj.k dks gh ,f’k;k tkxj.k ds ewy dkj.k esa ns[kk gSA vius jk”Vªh; xkSjo dk vadu djrs gq, dfo us Li”V fd;k gS fd tc Hkkjr :ih o`n/~ kk ek¡ ds varj ls mYdk fudyh vkSj rkjs VwVs rHkh oLrqr% ,f’k;k dk tkxj.k gqvk & ^tc o`n/~ kk ek¡ ds varj dh@ èkq¡èkyh ykS ds varj esa ls@ mYdk fudyh] rkjs VwV@ s rHkh ,f’k;k tkx mBk FkkA@ Nkrh ds Hkhrj dh Tokyk@ tc ck¡dh@ ‘ke’khj gqbZ Fkh ¼vk¡xu esa rqylh dks uhjo@ ?kj dh xgjh ihj gqbZ Fkh½@ rHkh ,f’k;k tkx mBk Fkk@ fganLq rkuh turk dk rc@ ykSg naM csykx mBk FkkA*36 blh izdkj ^tc iz’u fpg~u ckS[kyk mBs* dfork eas dfo us ^dY;k.ke;h d#.kkvksa ds@ fganLq rkuh lius fu[kjs*37 & dgdj ml iwjs jk”Vªh; ifjos’k dks fpf=r fd;k gS] ftldk fuekZ.k uohu la?k”kZ ds dkj.k dfo dh vk’kkvksa ds vuqlkj gqvk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa esa fujk’kktU; ihM+k dk vadu Hkh LFkku&LFkku ij gqvk gSA thou vuqHko dh xaHkhj Hkwfe esa dgha fdlh LFkku ij dfo dks iqdkjrh gqbZ iqdkj [kks tkrh gS vkSj vuar Lusg dh egku —fre;h O;Fkk cg fudyrh gS & ^ogh vuar Lusg dh egku —fre;h O;Fkk@ ogh v’kkar izk.k ls 55 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 55@^v¡

egku ekuoh dFkk*38 dfo dh voLFkk ml i{kh ds leku gks tkrh gS tks cn~/k&nsg] cn~/k&izk.k vkSj lgk;rkghu gksdj fo’kky xqc a tksa ls f?kjk ia[k QM+QM+krk gS] fpafrr gksrk gS fdarq vHkh Hkh gkj ughaa ekurkA ;g gkj u ekuus dh voLFkk eqfDrcksèk ds jksekuh dkO; dks oSf’k”V~; iznku djrh gS D;ksfa d blesa dfo fujk’k gksdj fuf”Ø; ughaa curk] og izHkkr dh vHkh&vHkh txh HkSjoh ls isjz .kk xzg.k dj dksbZ vufHkO;Dr ladYi djrk gSA ,d vU;&ekyo fu>Zj dh >j&>j dapu js[kk&dfork esa dfo ds eu dk lkgl vius iwjs jksekuh midj.kksa ds lkFk vorfjr gqvk gS& ^ekyo fu>Zj dh >j >j dapu js[kk cu@ tc ;qx mrjk@ lkgl dh jf’e ‘kykdk cu@ rc eSaus vius esa ns[kk@ ;k uhys lius esa ns[kk@ mn;kpy dh ioZr js[kkA*39 tSlk fd igys ladr s fd;k tk pqdk gS] eqfDrcksèk us viuh jpuk Nk;koknh HkkoHkwfw e ls izkjaHk dh vkSj dqN le; ckn ekDlZ dk vè;;u djds izxfroknh Hkwfe dh vksj c<+]s tgk¡ ls mUgsa lektoknh ;FkkFkZoknh rFkk ekDlZoknh fparu feykA ;s nksuksa rRo vkthou eqfDrcksèk ds lkFk jgsA os ges’kk tkurs Fks fd lekt dh orZeku fLFkfr vR;ar Hk;kog rFkk vO;ofLFkr gS vkSj bl fLFkfr ls lgh :i ls mcjus dk lcy ekè;e ekDlZoknh fparu gSA viuh bl ekU;rk ds ifjiz{s ; esa eqfDrcksèk ,d vksj rks O;fDr ls ysdj lekt dh ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr dk [kqyk fp=.k djrs Fks] nwljh vksj oxZ la?k”kZ ds ifj.kkeLo:i lkeus vk, u, lekt dh dYiuk djrs FksA ;gha ,d fo’ks”k ckr vkSj ?kVrh Fkh & og ;g fd] D;ksfa d eqfDrcksèk ds laLdkj izkjaHk esa jksekuh jgs Fks vkSj D;ksfa d os thou Hkj yM+dj Hkh gkj u ekuus okys mn~nke vk’kkoknh Fks] vr% mudh dfork var rd vkrs vkrs ml dksey vn`’; ds izfr ladr s vo’; djrh gS] ftls ikuk izR;sd la?k”kZ’khy O;fDr dk y{; gSA blls dfork dh jpuk dk èkjkry vkSj dgus dk vankt vU; ;FkkFkZoknh dfo;ksa dh dforkvksa ls dqN fHkUu gks tkrk gSA ;g fHkUurk fo’ks”k :i ls dYiuk ds foLr`r iz;ksx vkSj QSaVl s h fuekZ.k ds {ks= esa gSA bl izdkj jpuk ds fofHkUu Lrjksa ls xqtj dj lkeus vkus okyh eqfDrcksèk dh dfork jksekuh ekuorkoknh ds jkLrs pyrh gqbZ Hkh ml lkjs ;FkkFkZ dks izLrqr djrh gS tks gekjs pkjksa vksj fc[kjk gSA40 dfork dh bl fLFkfr dk gh ifj.kke gS fd laHkor% eqfDrcksèk gh fganh ds ,sls dfo gSa ftuesa jkseu o ;FkkFkZ dk n~ona o~ lokZfèkd ik;k tkrk gSA eq[; :i ls eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ;FkkFkZ thou dh dfork gSA VwVrs gq,w LoIuksa dks ysdj thrs gq, foo’k O;fDr dh eu%fLFkfr dSlh gS] O;fDr dk vfLrRo fdu nckoksa dks fdl&fdl :i esa vuqHko dj jgk gS] lkekftd ;FkkFkZ D;k gS] ‘kks”k.k fdl izdkj lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd vkSj lkaL—frd Lrj ij O;fDr o lekt nksuksa dks ihl Mky jgk gSA vkfn iz’uksa dks eqfDrcksèk dh dfork lkgl ds lkFk fo’ysf”kr djrh gSA lkFk gh og dfork ml ih<+h dks Hkh lacksfèkr djrh gS] tks tu&la?k”kZ vFkok eqfDrla?k”kZ ;k tu&eqfDr ds vfHk;ku dh vxqvk gS vkSj 56 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 56@^v¡

ftls fo’okl gS & ^vks ukxkReu@ laØe.k dky esa èkhj èkjks@ bZeku u tkus nks@ rqe HkVd pyks@ bu vaèkdkj eSnkuksa esa lj lj djrs@ ’kr misf{kr Hkwfe esa fQad@ s pqipki fNik, x,@ ‘kqØ@ xq:] cqèk] eaxy]@ dpjs dh irksaZ ls <ds rqEgs fey tk,¡xAs *41 eqfDrcksèk ds fy, tu&eqfDr dk iz’u lcls egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj mudh lcls cM+h fpark ^lqcg gksxh dc vkSj@ eqf’dy gksxh nwj dc*42 gS] blfy, eqfDrcksèk dh la?k”kZ&;k=k esa ftrus isaVj gS]a os bl le; rLohj cukus dh ckr NksMd + j iksLVj dks vfèkd egRo iznku djrs gSa rFkk ftrus dfo gS]a os iksLVj dh Hkk”kk dks gh vkt dfork ekurs gSAa bldk lhèkk vFkZ gS fd eqfDrcksèk dk dfo&èkeZ ekuo&eqfDr dk ,d Hkkx gSA rHkh rks dfo dh jksekuh dforkvksa esa Hkh ;FkkFkZ dk Loj O;kIr gS vkSj nksuksa izo`fRr;ksa ds n~ona o~ esa ;FkkFkZ dh izo`fRr Hkkjh iM+ tkrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh ,d dfork gS îhr <yrh gqbZ lk¡>* ftldk izkjaHk bl izdkj gksrk gS & îqj ds izlkjkar esa ihr@ <yrh gqbZ lk¡>@ fnu ds fujs O;FkZ Je Hkkj mijkar@ fg; ds v#.k Hkko vaxkj ij HkLe dh irZ@ mBrs gq, èkwi ds LraHk lh ?kksj vkdkj@ fpark Hk;adj vln~ vFkZ xgjh mnklh relkdkjA*43 dfork vius LVªØpj esa jksekuh izrhr gksrh gS] fdarq dF; ;FkkFkZ dks fpf=r djus okyk gSA dfo dk mn~n’s ; fofHkUu ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr;ksa dk vadu djuk gS vr% og jksekuh izo`fRr esa Hkh ;FkkFkZ ds vadu dk cjkcj è;ku j[krk gS vkSj dfork T;ks&a T;ksa c<+rh tkrh gS] mRRkjksRRkj ;FkkFkZoknh izHkko ewrZ gksrk tkrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukvksa ls ,sls fdrus gh mnkgj.k fn, tk ldrs gSaA viuh ,d dfork esa ekuo&eqfDr ds fy, yM+us dh vVwV ykylk izdV djrs gq, os dgrs gSa & êSa gw¡ tokch xnj@ ftls fd vkSj T;knk@ rS;kfj;k¡ dj@ vkt ughaa dy QwV iMw¡xk t:j@ t:j*44 bl tokch xnj ds ihNs eqfDrcksèk ds eu dk vlarks”k vkSj ncs&dqpys euq”; dks eqDr djus dk LoIu lkQ ns[kk tk ldrk gSA usfepanz tSu us eqfDrcksèk dk ewY;kdau djrs gq, Bhd gh dgk gS & ^mudh lkjh jpukvksa dks i<+dj esjs eu ij ftl pht dh lcls xgjh Nki iM+h] og blh rM+i vkSj cSpu s h dh gS] tks ftanxh dh vlfy;r dks igpkuus ds fy, muds eu eas FkhA eq>s yxrk gS fd mudk lkjk ys[ku blh ryk’k dks tkfgj djrk gS & ,d dsna hz ; ryk’k] ftanxh ds vFkZ dhA varfoZjksèkh ls Hkjh gqbZ ftanxh csjge ij lkFk gh bruh vkReh;] bruh mtkM+] iBkj tSlh] fQj Hkh bruh jloarhA eqfDrcksèk thou Hkj blh êkyo fu>Zj* dh >j>j dapujs[kk dh ryk’k djrs jgs vkSj tgk¡ dgha bldh ,d gYdh lh Hkh >yd ;k xwt ¡ mUgsa feyh] mldk mUgksu a s Lokxr fd;k ;k tgk¡ dgha Hkh fdlh v¡èksjs esa dksbZ bl dapujs[kk ds f[kykQ lkft’k djrk gqvk mUgsa nh[k iM+k rks mldks mUgksu a s yydkjk] pkgs og mudk fdruk gh ifjfpr vkSj fiz; D;kas u gksA45 eqfDrcksèk dh jpukvksa ds bl vartZxr us muds dkO;f’kYi dks xgjs Lrj ij izHkkfor fd;k gSA mudh oSpkfjd cSpu s h mudh dfork ds ckg~; midj.kksa 57 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 57@^v¡

ls cjkcj my>h fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd eqfDrcksèk ds dkO; dk f’kYi fofHkUu fooknksa dks tUe nsus okyk jgk gSA ;g Hkh lgh gS fd blh dkj.k cgqr o”kkZas rd mudh dforkvksa dh mis{kk gqbZ gS( D;ksfa d ubZ dfork esa Hkh dqNd s LFkkuksa ij f’kYi vkSj lkSna ;Z lacèa kh ekunaM LFkkfir fd, x, gSa vkSj vusd ckj dqN fu”ksèk Hkh ykxw fd, x, gS]a tcfd eqfDrcksèk Hkko vkSj f’kYi fdlh Hkh {ks= esa dksbZ fu”ksèk ykxw ughaa djrsA mudh n`f”V esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk lsalj dfork dks u”V dj nsrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd eqfDrcksèk ds f’kYi esa vux<+rk feyrh gSA ;g vux<+rk cgqr dBksj izrhr gksus okyh fdarq I;kjh gS] I;kjh blfy, gS fd mlesa LokuqHkwr fu”d”kkZas ij vkxs c<+us dh vnE; vkdka{kk gSA eqfDrcksèk us viuh izR;sd jpuk esa mlds dykRed :i dks bruk >d>ksj fn;k gS fd jpuk Lo;a vius vki dks n~ona o~ gsrq vkeaf=r djus yxhA ;FkkFkZ dks lai.w kZ :i ls fpf=r djus ds fy, yach jpukvksa dh l`f”V djuk vkSj bl lacèa k esa vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkuk] QSaVl s h dk iz;ksx djuk vkSj vufxu vkjksi yxk, tkus dh ihM+k Hkksxuk] iqjkus fcacksa dks u, vFkZ nsuk vkSj u, fcac fufeZr dj fDy”V dfo gksus dk Hkkj <ksuk] u, izrhdksa dk xBu djuk] Hkk”kk dks O;kdj.k dk nkl u cukdj O;kdj.k dks mlds ihNs gk¡dus dh dksf’k’k djuk vkSj ijaijk dh n`f”V ls O;kdjf.kd Hkwyksa dk f’kdkj gksuk] fdlh dh Hkk”kk ds ‘kCnksa dks mBkdj viuh dfork ds chp j[k nsuk vkfn os rRo gS]a tks eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa lgt :i esa fon~;eku gSAa bldk eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd eqfDrcksèk f’kYi dks lkekftd&fufèk Lohdkj djrs gSAa ;fn ge Hkk”kk dks gh ysa rks ik,¡xs fd eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ fof’k”V Hkk”kk laL—fr dks izLrqr djus okyh gSaA bl Hkk”kk esa tc ‘kCn cnyrk gS rks ^jfDre* ls ^jDrky*] ^v¡fèk;kjs* ls ^vafèk;kyk*] ^#X.k* ls jksxhyk* vkSj ^vpkud* ls ^vpd* gks tkrk gSA fganh] mnw]Z vaxt sz h] ejkBh] xqtjkrh fdlh Hkh Hkk”kk dk ‘kCn ijLij n~o”s k eglwl ughaa djrk] cfYd cM+h ‘kku vkSj I;kj ls ‘kksèkd] lsØVs jh] eqdke] fpfdRld] ckoM+h] uD’ks vkSj danhy ds ikl vkdj cSB tkrk gSA blh izdkj tc dksbZ cM+cM+kgV] NiNikgV] èkk¡;&èkk¡;] ljlj] Fkw&Fkw] fipfip tSlk ‘kCn vkrk gS rks okrkoj.k dk iwjk fp= ikBd ds lkeus mHkj vkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr dfo us viuh Hkk”kk dks vfèkd leFkZ vkSj cksèkxE; cukus ds fy, ^tekuk lk¡i dk dkVk*] ^eNfy;k¡ Q¡lkuk*] ^viuk xf.kr djuk*] ^flV~Vh&fiV~Vh xqe gksuk* vkfn eqgkojksa vkSj ^vkRek ls vFkZ x;k] ej xbZ lH;rk* tSlh lwfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx Hkh fd;k gSA oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk lcls igys Hkk”kk dks gh lkekftd laifRr Lohdkj djrs gSa vkSj mlds lkFk dfo ds vuqHkoksa ds eè; ,d [kkl lacèa k dh dYiuk djrs gSa vkSj mlds lkFk dfo ds vuqHkoksa ds eè; ,d [kkl lacèa k dh dYiuk djrs gSAa os dgrs gSa fd ^Hkk”kk ,d lkekftd&laifRr gSA vkRelkr d`r thou&txr ds rRo] tc bl lkekfd&ekè;e n~okjk izdV gksus ds fy, vkrqj 58 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 58@^v¡

gks mBrs gS]a rc muds iz;Ruksa esa nks fo’ks”krk,¡ iM+rh gSAa ,d rks ;g fd euLrRo viuh varj vfHkO;fDr dks dk;e j[kus vkSj mlh ekSfyd :i esa izdV gksus ds fy, Hkk”kk esa fofoèk izdkj ds ‘kCn&la;ksxksa dh jpuk djrs gSAa bl izdkj os Hkk”kk ij viuk izHkko NksM+ tkrs gSAa lkFk gh] Hkk”kk dh lkekftdrk ds <k¡ps esa vius dks fQV djus ds fy, Lo;a gh vius vkidks dkVrs&rjk’krs jgrs gSAa *46 Hkk”kk vkSj vfHkO;Drs; rRo dk ;g lacèa k eqfDrcksèk dh dkO; Hkk”kk ds l`tu dh izfØ;k dks Li”V djrk gSA eqfDrcksèk ds f’kYi esa QSVa l s h dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA dfo ;FkkFkZ dh l?ku Hk;kog n’kk dk izHkkoiw.kZ vadu djus ds fy, lnSo QSaVl s h dk lgkjk ysrk gSA ^czg~ejk{kl* vkSj ^v¡èksjs s es*a QSVa l s h ikBd dks >d>ksj dj j[k nsrh gSA dfo ikBd dks jpuk ds izkjaHk esa gh pkSd a k nsrk gSA èkhjs&èkhjs QSVa l s h ‘kq: gksrh gS vkSj Øecn~/k :i ls ;FkkFkZ dh ijrs [kqyrh pyrh gSAa fp= ds ckn fp= vkdkj xzg.k djrs pys tkrs gSAa vkSj ogha ikBd tks izkjaHk esa fofp=rk vuqHko dj jgk Fkk dfork esa c¡èk tkrk gSA mls yxrk gS fd czge ~ jk{kl dk xf.kr Lo;a mldk xf.kr gS vkSj v¡èksjs ds tqyl w esa og Hkh ‘kkfey gSA dfo n~okjk fufeZr QSVa l s h lQy gks tkrh gS D;ksfa d mlds izHkko ls ikBd viuh laons uk dks VVksyus yxrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh QSVa l s h dk lzkr s muds O;kid thoukuqHko esa gSA fujarj la?k”kZ’khy jgrs gq, eqfDrcksèk ds ân; esa Hkko&laoxs ksa dk vtlz&lzkr s fufeZr gks x;k FkkA os mlh dh lexz vfHkO;fDr ds fy, O;kdqy jgrs FksA ,sls esa QSVa l s h ekè;e gh mudh lgk;rk djrk FkkA mlds n~okjk os ,d ,sls thou dh iqujZpuk esa lQy gksrs Fks] ftlesa iz’ukdqyrk] n~ona o~ ] la?k”kZ vkSj dYiuk dk vn~Hkqr leUo; gksrk FkkA ;g dguk lgh gS fd ^eqfDrcksèk dh HkkokRed ÅtkZ v’ks”k vkSj vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var% lzkr s gk tks dHkh pqdk gh ugha]a cfYd yxkrkj vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk ds lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA bl vkos’k ds ncko esa og yxkrkj fy[krs pys tkrs Fks vkSj mudh ;g ÅtkZ vusdkusd dYiuk&fp=ks]a QSVa fs l;ksa ds vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh FkhA*47 lanHkZ 1- ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk] i`- 3 2- ;g è;ku esa j[kus dh ckr gS fd ubZ dfork orZeku gzklxzLr] vèk%iru'khy lH;rk dh vfLy;r dks tc rd igpkurh ughaa gS] lH;rk ds ewyHkwr iz'uksa ls vius dks tc rd tksM+ ughaa ysrh gS] ekuork ds Hkfo"; fuekZ.k ds la?k"kZ ls tc rd Lo;a dks la;ksftr ughaa dj ikrh] tc rd mlesa mRihfM+r vkSj 'kksf"kr eq[kksa ds fcac fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrs] muds ân;ksa dk vkyksd ughaa fn[kkbZ nsrk] rc rd lpeqp gekjk dk;Z vèkwjk jgsxkA & eqfDrcksèk] ogh i`- 19 3- rkj lIrd] i`- 7 4- ;FkkFkZ dh xfr dks vuqdwy fn'kk esa eksM+us ds fy, ;FkkFkZ :iksa dk lexz O;Dr :iksa dk] mudh xfr vkSj fLFkfr esa vè;;u djuk vko';d gSA & ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk] i`- 130 5- u;k [kwu ¼ekfld½ 26 tuojh] 1951] i`- 21 6- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 143

59 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 59@^v¡

7- ogh] i`- 68 8- ogh] i`- 68 9- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 25 10- ogh] i`- 27 11- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 93 12- ogh] i`- 94 13- ogh] i`- 13 14- ogh] i`- 28&29 15- ogh] i`- 48 16- ogh] i`- 257 17- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 101 18- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 36] 37] 38 19- ogh] i`- 39 20- ogh] i`- 265 21- ogh] i`- 79 22- ogh] i`- 69 23- ogh] i`- 42 24- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 107 25- nq%[k vkSj osnuk ij fiNys chl lky esa fganh dfo;ksa us cgqr dqN fy[kk gS] fdarq os ;k rks dYiuk dh fxjg yxkrs gSa ;k Hkkoqdrk ds Qsu ij mrjkrs gSaA mudh vuqHkwfr pkgs ftruh lPph gks] muds fy[kus esa og xgjkbZ ughaa gS] tks eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa gSA & MkW- jkefoykl 'kekZ ¼eqfDrcksèk dk vkRela?k"kZ vkSj mudh dfork½] èkeZ;qx 28] fnlacj 1969 26- ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk] i`- 56 27- ogh] i`- 38 28- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 117 29- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 214 30- rkj lIrd] i`- 6 31- rc mudh nqfu;k jksekafVd FkhA HkkbZ lkgc dks iwjs Nk;koknh izHkko esa eSaus ns[kk gS & 'kjPpanz ekèko eqfDrcksèk % yf{kr eqfDrcksèk ¼eksrhjke oekZ½] i`- 83 32- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 58 33- ogh] i`- 83 34- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 160 35- ogh] i`- 180 36- ogh] i`- 179&80 37- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 149 38- ogh] i`- 62 39- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 119&120 40- eqfDrcksèk dh 'kfDr'kkyh ekuorkoknh jksekfu;r esa vewrZ dk lfoLrkj ewfrZdj.k lektokn ds èkjkry ij izfrf"Br fd, tkus ds dkj.k ,d ,slh iz[kj Li"Vrk èkkj.k dj ysrk gS] ftlesa Hk;kud ls Hk;kud fonzwi ls fonzwi ¼vkSj dksey ls dksey Hkh½ QSaVslh dks ge ekuks] viuh lkal esa eglwl dj ldrs gSaA & 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS ¼,d foy{k.k izfrHkk½] i`- 25&26 41- pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 121&122 42- ogh] i`- 40 43- Hkwjh Hkwjh [kkd èkwy] i`- 221 44- rkj lIrd] i`- 43 45- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh % ,d] i`- 27 46- vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa] i`- 126 47- usfepanz tSu] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh % ,d] i`- 18

60 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 60@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk dk lkfgfR;d izns; & MkW- xksj[kukFk frokjh fganh lkfgR; txr esa xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk dk uke cM+k gh vknj ds lkFk fy;k tkrk gSA vkidk tUe 13 uoacj] 1917 esa ‘;ksijq ] Xokfy;j ¼eè; izn’s k½ esa gqvk FkkA izkjafHkd f’k{kk mTtSu esa gqbZ rRi’pkr lu~ 1953 bZ- esa ukxiqj fo’ofon~;ky; ls vkius ,e-,- dh ijh{kk ikl dhA cM+uxj] ‘kqtkyiqj] mTtSu] dydRrk] bankSj] cacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl rFkk tcyiqj vkfn LFkkuksa ij fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh ukSdfj;k¡ dhaA izdkf’kr iqLrdsa gSa pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] Hkwfj&Hkwfj [kkd èkwy ¼dfork laxgz ½] dkB dk liuk] foik=] lrg ls mBrk vkneh ¼dFkk lkfgR;½] dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj] ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k”kZ] u, lkfgR; dk lkSna ;Z’kkL= ¼ftldk u;k laLdj.k vc dqN ifjofrZr :i esa vkf[kj jpuk D;ks\a uke ls izdkf’kr gqvk½] leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh ¼vkykspuk½ rFkk Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—frA yach chekjh ds mijkar fganh lkfgR; ds bl tkToY;eku lkfgR;dkj dk var 11 flracj] 1964 dks ubZ fnYyh esa gks x;kA buds fuèku ls fganh lkfgR; dh vHkwr iwoZ {kfr gqbZ ftldh HkjikbZ vkt rd laHko u gks ldhA bl ‘kksèk vkys[k dh ‘kq:vkr eSa eqfDrcksèk dh bl dfork ds lkFk djuk pkg jgk g¡w & ^^vaèkk g¡]w @ [kqnk ds canksa dk cank g¡w ckoyk]@ esjs bl lkaoys psgjs ij dhpM+ ds èkCcs gS]a nkx gS@ a vkSj bl QSyh gqbZ gFksyh ij tyrh gqbZ vkx gS@ vfXu foods dh]@ ugha&ugha og rks Toyar ljflt@ ftanxh ds ny&ny dhpM+ us èkaldj@ o{k rd ikuh esa Qaldj@ eSa og dey rksM+ yk;k g¡Aw *1 eqfDrcksèk us lu~ 1935 ls fy[kuk vkjaHk fd;kA 1943 esa izdkf’kr ^rkj lIrd* esa mudh 16 dfork,¡ lfEefyr gqbaAZ rkj lIrdh; oD;O; esa viuh izjs .kkvksa ds ckjs esa mUgksu a s fy[kk gS fd & êsjs ckyeu dh igyh Hkw[k lkSna ;Z vkSj nwljh fo’oekuo dk lq[k&nq%[k] bu nksuksa dk la?k”kZ esjs lkfgfR;d thou dh igyh my>u FkhA*2 fo’o ekuo ds lq[k&nq%[k ls tc eqfDrcksèk vius vkidks rknkRE; fd, rc o ekDlZokn ds vfèkd fudV fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA lu 1942 esa os ‘kqtkyiqj NksMd + j mTtSu vk, vkSj 3 o”kZ mTtSu esa mUgksu a s fcrk;kA blh le; eè; Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d izfrHkkvksa dks izfs jr vkSj izkRs lkfgr djus ds mn~n’s ; ls êè; Hkkjr izxfr’khy ys[ku la?k* dh LFkkiuk fd,A lu~ 1945 esa os ^gal* ds laikndh; foHkkx esa ‘kkfey gksus ds fy, os cukjl x,A blds mijkar eqfDrcksèk 1946&47 esa tcyiqj rFkk 1948 esa ukxiqj pys x,A vkfFkZd vHkkoxzLr ls tw>rs gq, Hkh dbZ iqLrdksa dh jpuk dhaA blh vofèk esa eqfDrcksèk us ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* —fr fy[kh rFkk ukxiqj ls izdkf’kr gksus okys û;k [kwu* dk laiknu Hkh cM+h gh rUe;rk ds lkFk fd,A ôlqèkk* tks tcyiqj ls izdkf’kr gkar s h Fkh mlesa èkkjkokfgd 61 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 61@^v¡

:i ls mudh Mk;jh izdkf’kr gqbAZ ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* vkSj ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* —fr;ksa us eqfDrcksèk ds leh{kd :Ik dks mHkkjk vkSj os ,d ekSfyd o egRoiw.kZ leh{kd ds :Ik esa ekus tkus yxsA lu~ 1958 esa jktukn xk¡o vkus ds ckn mUgksu a s vusd lQy —fr;ksa dh jpuk dhA czge ~ jk{kl] fnekxh xqgkaèkdkj dk vksjkax&mVkax] vaèkjs es]a pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] foik= vkfnA ^dkB dk liuk* vkSj ^lrg ls mBrk gqvk vkneh* esa laxgz hr dgkfu;ksa dk l`tu&LFky Hkh ;gh jgkA fujarj izfrdwy fLFkfr;ksa ls yM+rs gq, eqfDrcksèk us ,d ftthfo”kk] ,d thou ‘kfDr vkSj reke >a>Vksa dks >syrs gq, Hkh vius vki esa vikj mRlkg lafpr dj fy;k FkkA ohjsanz dqekj tSu dks ,d i= esa fy[ks Hkh Fks & ^gkyr rks [kjkc gh gS ij ftanxh esa cM+h tkunkjh gSA blh ds lgkjs] tgk¡ curk gS] nqyfRr;k¡ >kM+ nsrk g¡Aw HkkSfrd vlQyrkvksa dh pV~Vkuksa ij Vdjkdj Hkh fgEer ughaa gkjk g¡Aw *3 ,d dfo ds :i esa mudh dfork,¡ mUgsa izfrcn~/k thou n`f”V dks ltZd izekf.kr djrh gSAa MkW- gfjpj.k ‘kekZ us eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ds rhu ize[q k Loj ekurs gq, ;g Li”V dj nsrs gSa fd ;g rhuksa dkSu&dkSu ls gSa ftldk ukeksYys[k fuEuor~ gSA ;Fkk& ¼1½ ^vkRe&psruk dk vUos”k.k vkSj mlh ls OlfDrRo dk ifj”dkj laLdkj djus dh yydA ¼2½ laLdkfjr vkSj ‘kksfèkr O;fDrRo ds lgkjs oSKkfud n~ona o~ kRed HkkSfrdokn dh dkO;kRed ifj.kfrA ¼3½ O;fDrRo la’kksèku ds y{; ls izfs jr gksdj vkRela?k”kZ vkSj vkRe lk{kkRdkj dh fLFkfr;ksa dk dkO;kadu vkSj fu:i.kA*4 vxj ge eqfDrcksèk ds dkO;&ys[ku ds Lo:i ds ckjs esa dqN dgsa rks ;gh dg ldrs gSa fd ekyos dh izk—frd lq”kek ls ‘kq:vkr dh] Nk;koknh jax] jkseku vkSj f’kYi ls ifjp; fd;k vkSj fujarj izxfr’khy psruk ds vk;ke mlds dkO; esa n`f”Vxkspj gksrk x;kA eqfDrcksèk dh ^rkj lIrd* dh dfork,¡ tgk¡ Nk;koknh Lo:i dh feyhtqyh vfHkO;fDr;k¡ gSa ogha muesa dfo ds fpar a u ds os lw= Hkh ladfs rr gSa tks vkxs pydj ^pk¡n dk e¡gq Vs<k+ gS* ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk tu&er ds djhch vkSj ;FkkFkZ ds fp=dkj jgs gSAa os ftanxh dks ftl <ax ls th lds ogh <ax muds dkO; esa Hkh gSA mudh dfork,¡ ikBd ls èkS;Z èkkj.k dh ek¡x djrh gSAa ^dkO;kReu Qf.kèkj* ‘kh”kZd yach dfork] eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa ds pfj= vkSj y{; dks ,dne Li”V dj nsrh gSA mudh dfork,¡ ukxkRed gSAa os euq”; ds mu vuqHkoks]a jRuksa dks fNikdj j[krh gSa fd mUgsa LokFkZo’k dpjs esa Qsd a fn;k x;k gSA ;s nwj&nwj dh ;k=k,¡ djrh gS]a vèkadkj vkSj izdk’k esa mudh leku :i ls xfr gS ftudk fp=.k bl dfork ds ekè;e ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS& ^vks ukxkRe] laØe.k dky esa èkhj èkjks@ bZeku u tkus nksA*5 62 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 62@^v¡

dfork ds vuqlkj dfork,¡ vkReh; QVdkj] I;kj] lai.Z k dh vkgqfr ls Hkjh gqbZ izxfr dh lhf<+;k¡ gSAa oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk dk vkRekUos”k.k vkRe ifj”dkj ls gksrk gqvk varr% O;fDrRokarj.k esa tkdj fleV x;k gSA ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd eqfDrcksèk vkRe ifj”dkj rd gh ughaa fojke ysrs gSa cfYd os O;fDr ds lR; dks lkekU; tu&tu esa ifjofrZr dj nsrs gSAa ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork rks bldk Li”V izek.k dgk tk ldrk gSA ^eSa* ls ‘kq: gksdj ^ge* rd igq¡pus okyh ;g dfork ek= v¡èksjs ls izdk’k dh dfork ughaa gS blesa dfo ds O;fDrRokaj.k dh Hkwfedk ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA os fy[krs gS&a ^fd eSa viuh vèkwjh nh?kZ dfork es@ a mex dj@ tUe ysuk pkgrk fQj ls@ fd O;fDrRokarfjr gksdj@ u, fljs ls le>uk vkSj thuk@ pkgrk g¡w lpA*6 ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS*] dqy 28 dforkvksa dk ladyu gS] ftuesa 12 NksVh vkSj 16 cM+h dfork,¡ gSAa ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* laxgz dh NBh cM+h dfork gS] ftlds uke ij bl ladyu dk uke j[kk x;k gSA ;gk¡ ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd yacs le; rd eqfDrcksèk dk lai.w kZ ys[ku ,d= ughaa fd;k x;k FkkA vusdksa i=&if=dkvksa esa fc[kjk iM+k FkkA muds gkFk ds fy[ks dkxt ds lc iqfyans Hkh iwjh rjg vLr&O;Lr Fks vkSj ;g eglwl fd;k tk jgk Fkk fd muesa vxj dqN vkSj ryk’k dh tk, rks dbZ vizdkf’kr iwjh ;k vèkwjh dfork,¡ t:j fey tk,¡xhA ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* rFkk ^v¡èksjs es*a tSlh dforkvksa ds tks ikB izLrqr fd;k x;k gS og ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* ldayu esa izdkf’kr ikBksa ls ,d ne vyx gSA dkj.k fd [kqn eqfDrcksèk n~okjk mu ikBksa esa fd, x, la’kksèkuksa lfgr izk:i ekStnw FksA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk tks ikB ;gk¡ fn;k x;k gS mls FkksMk+ &cgqr la’kksèku djds ^dYiuk* if=dk esa izdkf’kr fd;k x;kA ^dYiuk* if=dk dk ml le; ns'k esa [kwc ppkZ&ifjppkZ gksrh FkhA mu leLr jpukvksa dks ladfyr djds laiknd usfepanz tSu us eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh ds Ng [kaM izLrqr fd, gSa ftuls ;g irk yxrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk dk fganh lkfgR; dks izn; s vR;ar fo’kky vkSj vusd vk;keh gSA usfepanz tSu bl ckr dks dgrs Hkh gSa fd eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;rj jpukvksa esa vizkI; iqLrd ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* ds Åij dqN dkuwuh vM+pu ds dkj.k igys laLdj.k esa ‘kkfey Uk gks ldk vkSj le;kHkko dh Hkh deh Fkh fd lgh ckrksa dh Nkuchu ‘kh?kzkfr’kh?kz fd;k tk ldsA jpukoyh ds izdk’ku ds mijkar tc lHkh ekeyksa dks ns[kk x;k rks irk pyk fd e-iz- mPp U;k;ky; us iqLrd ds dqN va’kksa dks vkifRrtud ?kksf”kr dj fn;k gS tc rd bl fu.kZ; dks U;k;ky; iqufZ opkj u djs rc rd iqLrd dks mu va’kksa ds fcuk gh izdkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA* ,slh leL;kvksa dk f’kdkj eqfDrcksèk ges’kk gksrs FksA bl ij mudh O;Fkk&dFkk bl dfork ds ekè;e ls gesa Li”V :i ls n`f”Vxkspj gksrh gS& ^eSa czg~ejk{kl dk lty mj f’k”;@ gksuk pkgrk@ ftlls fd mldk og vèkwjk 63 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 63@^v¡

dk;Z@ mldh osnuk dk lzkr s @ laxr] iw.kZ fu”d”kksaZ ryd@ igq¡pk ld¡Aw *7 eqfDrcksèk dh xn~; jpukvksa esa nks ys[k dks fo’ks”k :Ik ls mYys[kuh; ekuk x;k gSA ,d rks ^’ksDlih;j ds lkFk eqBHksM*+ vkSj nwljk ^lkfgR; esa i{kèkjrk*A blds vykok i= foèkk dh n`f”V esa fo[;kr dE;qfuLV usrk ,l-,-Mkaxs dks vaxt sz h esa fy[kk x;k ,d yack i= Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA ;g i= lkfgR; esa izxfr’khy vkanksyu dh Hkwfedk] mldh lkFkZdrk vkSj mldh lhekvksa ;k vlaxfr;ksa ds ckjs esa fopkjksRrstd cgl ds fy, izfa jr vkSj izkRs lkfgr djrk gSA bl izdkj ls ;g n`f”Vxkspj gksrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk us miU;klksa vkSj dgkfu;ksa dh Hkh jpuk dh gSA ;n~;fi mudh ltZukRed izfrHkk dh eq[; vfHkO;fDr dfork esa vfèkd fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] fQj Hkh dFkk&ys[ku esa Hkh ‘kq: ls gh xgjh idM+ Fkh vkSj os yxkrkj vius thou ds vuqHkoksa dh dFkk&ewyd fcacksa esa O;Dr djrs jgs gSAa blhfy, ;gk¡ ladfyr dgkfu;ksa dk dky Hkh dforkvksa dh Hkk¡fr gh 1936 ls 1964 rd ekuk tk ldrk gSA jpukoyh ds laiknd usehpanz tSu us fy[kk gS fd ^dforkvksa dh Hkk¡fr eqfDrcksèk us vdlj ,d gh dgkuh dks ckj&ckj fy[kkA blfy, dbZ dgkfu;ksa ds ,d ls vfèkd izk:i feyrs gSAa dgha&dgha ikaMfq yfi esa miyCèk] if=dk esa izdkf’kr vkSj ladyu esa izdkf’kr :iksa esa Hkh varj Li”V :Ik ls ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA fnypLi ckr ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd dqN esa ;s vyx&vyx izk:i fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa rks dqN lkekU; ik=ks]a ukeksa LFkkuksa rFkk okD;ka’kksa dks bLrseky djrs gq, Hkh] vius vki esa Lora= dgkfu;ks&a tSls gSa ;k ,d gh fLFkfr dks vyx&vyx fcanv q ksa ls 8 izLrqr djrs gSAa * mudh dgkfu;ksa esa ,d nkf[ky] n¶rj] lka>] foik=] czg~ejk{kl dk f’k”;] [kyhy dkdk] og vkSj eS=h dh ek¡x vkfn ize[q k gSAa mudh 16 viw.kZ dgkfu;k¡ Hkh feyh gSAa buesa Hkh ,d gn rd] vèkwjh gksus ds ckotwn] fdlh fLFkfr] pfj= ;k fopkj dk bruk izLQqVu vo’; gS fd os eqfDrcksèk dh lw{; voyksdu dh izo`fRr varn`fZ ”V vFkok o.kZu {kerk dks mn~?kkfVr djrh gSAa lkFk gh muls ys[kd dh jpukRed ekufldrk Hkh dqN vfèkd lexzrk ds lkFk mHkj dj ikBdksa ds lkeus vkbZ gSA muds dFkk lkfgR; dks ns[kdj ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk dh dgkfu;ksa dh izjs .kk dgkuh dk dksbZ vkanksyu ughaa FkkA gj jpuk] muds fy,] ,d Hk;kud] ‘kCnghu vaèkdkj dks & tks vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; thou ds pkjksa vksj phu dh nhokj dh rjg f[kapk gqvk gS & yk¡?kus dh ,d vkSj dksf’k’k FkhA lkjk bfrgkl eqfDrcksèk ds fy, ,d pqukSrh FkkA eè;oxZ bl bfrgkl dh ,d xqRFkh gS] ftls eqfDrcksèk le>uk] lqy>kuk pkgrs FksA ftl rjg eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa esa dFkkdkj dh C;kSjk ds lw{e voyksdu dh n`f”V ckj&ckj izdV gksrh gS] mlh rjg mudh dgkfu;ksa esa Hkh ,d dfo dk Loj gh vdlj ckj&ckj mHkj dj vkrk gSA ;gk¡ rd fd laons uk ds Lrj ij dbZ ckj mudh dfork vkSj dgkuh esa varj 64 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 64@^v¡

djuk eqf’dy gksrk gSA oLrqr% 1935&1964 rd QSyk gqvk mudk leLr dFkk ys[ku muds O;fDrRo dk ,d u;k gh Lrj mn~?kkfVr djrk gqvk utj vkrk gSA eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh ds 5osa [kaM esa mudh leh{kkRed —fr;ksa dks j[kk x;k gSA blesa ys[kd dh vkykspukRed n`f”V mHkjh gSA mudh vkykspuk n`f”V ds ckjs esa fo”.kq [kjs dk dguk gS fd ^mudh vkykspuk dsoy lkfgfR;d ewY;ksa vkSj ekunaMksa dh ugha]a ekuo thou ds ewY;ksa vkSj iSekuksa dh i{kèkj gSA os ,d izfrcn~èk vkykspd gSa fdarq :f<+xLz r] dBeqYyk vkSj fln~/kkaroknh leh{kk ls gksus okyh gkfu dks ftruk mUgksu a s igpkuk Fkk] muds ledkyhu ‘kk;n fdlh vU; izfrcn~èk lkfgR;dkj us ughaA mudh n`f”V bruh O;kid gS fd fganh dfork ds lkjs ;qxksa dk vkdyu djrh gS vkSj fo’o&lanHkZ esa j[krh&ij[krh gSA*9 eqfDrcksèk us vkykspukRed —fr;ksa esa viuh tuoknh&ekuooknh vkLFkk dks v{kq..k j[krs gq, Hkh lkeus mifLFkr :Ik rFkk oLrq ds iz’uksa dk Hkh eqdkcyk fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk us ^’ksDlih;j ls eqBHksM*+ tSlh ,d ,slh jpuk Hkh izLrqr dh ftls foèkk dh n`f”V ls dkYifud okrkZyki dgk tk ldrk gSA blesa ^gSeysV* ukVd ds ckjs esa eqfDrcksèk dh dqN viuh izfrfØ;kvksa ds vykok ^‘ksDlih;j ds lkFk ,d okrkZyki* Hkh gSA vius fopkjksa dks laokn ds :Ik esa j[kus dh mudh ifjfpr ‘kSyh dk ;g ,dne vuwBk iz;ksx gSA eqfDrcksèk ds ys[ku esa ukVdksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ ughaa ds cjkcj gSA bl n`f”V ls ^’ksDlih;j ls eqBHksM*+ ds vykok ^LdanxqIr&dqN uksVl ~ * Hkh fnypLi gS ftlesa mudh lksp fopkj ds ,d u, vk;ke dh rjQ b’kkjk gSA eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh ds NBs vkSj vafre [kaM ls fganh lkfgR; dks mudh nsu ds nks vk;ke lkeus fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa ,d vksj NBs n’kd esa fu;fer :Ik ls lkIrkfgd i=ksa esa varjjk”Vªh; vkSj jk”Vªh; jktuSfrd&vkfFkZd rFkk lkaL—frd lokyksa ij fy[ks x, muds ys[k gS]a tks bu fo”k;ksa esa mudh #fp] tkudkjh vkSj varjn`f”V dks tkfgj djrs gSAa nwljh vksj gSa muds i= ftuesa dbZ lkfgfR;d lokyksa ij mudh nks&Vwd izfrfØ;kvksa ds vykok] mudh futh] Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh my>uks]a ijs’kkfu;ksa vkSj VdjkgVksa vkfn dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA eqfDrcksèk us Mk;jh ys[kd ds :i esa Hkh fganh lkfgR; dk laon~/kZu fd;k gSA mudh jpuk ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* izcy izek.k gSA mudh Mk;jh ij fopkj djus ls gekjs lkeus ;g ckr Li”V gks tkrh gS fd mudh Mk;jh ,d ,slh Økafrdkjh —fr gS & fo’ks”kr% uoys[ku ds fy, & tks lR;kUos”kh dh rjg gj laHko rF; dks mtkxj djus dk lkFkZd igy djrh gSA bl izdkj eqfDrcksèk ds —frRo ij n`f”Vikr djus ls ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd mUgksu a s dsoy dfo ds :Ik esa gh ughaa vfirq fofoèk foèkk ds jpukdkj ds :Ik esa lkfgR; dh vikj Jho`n~f/k fd, gSAa dfork i{k dh n`f”V ls ns[kk tk, rks eqfDrcksèk us Hkko i{k vkSj dyk i{k ds ekè;e ls tks peRdkj fd, gSa os vU; 65 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 65@^v¡

dfo dh lksp ls ijs gS rHkh rks os fy[krs gSa fd& ^;kn j[kks@ dHkh vdsys esa eqfDr ughaa feyrh@ ;fn og gS rks lcds lkFk ghA*10 la n Hk HkZ 1- eqfDrcksèk] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 129 2- MkW- gjfpj.k 'kekZ] u, izfrfufèk dfo] i`- 163 3- ogh] i`- 165 4- ogh] i`- 176 5- MkW- nsosanz dqekj tSu o MkW- jktsanz feJ] eqfDrcksèk fopkj vkSj dfork] i`-14 6- MkW- gjfpj.k 'kekZ] u, izfrfufèk dfo] i`- 227 7- eqfDrcksèk] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 15 8- ¼la½ usfepanz tSu] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh % rhu] i`- 10 9- ogh] ik¡p] ¶ySi 10- eqfDrcksèk] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`-259

66 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 66@^v¡

rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lc % eqfDrcksèk & izks- _"kHknso ‘kekZ Xktkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk ¼13 uoacj] 1917 bZ- & 11 flracj] 1964 bZ-½ dh jpukvksa esa lokZfèkd pfpZr gS mudh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a A ^v¡èksjs es*a QSVa l s h ij vkèkkfjr yach dfork gSA ;g vkèkqfud ;qx ds euq”;] fo’ks”kdj eè;oxhZ; O;fDr ds bPNk] Kku vkSj fØ;k ds lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd varnZo~ ano~ dh xkFkk gSA ;g vusd fn’kkvksa ls izgkj djus okyh foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Q¡ls gq, lkèkkj.k ukxfjd ds vdsyis u] vkrad] vkØks’k vkSj bu lcdh vfHkO;fDr dh ryk’k dh dfork gSA bl dfork dk jpuk&foèkku eqfDrcksèk dh QSVa l s h vFkok egkLoIu dh fof’k”V jpuk izfØ;k dks lkeus ykrk gS ftlesa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd ;FkkFkZ euksoK S kfud vFkok oS;fDrd ;FkkFkZ ds lkFk xqFa kk gqvk gSA bl dfork esa vusd NksV&s NksVs fcac dYiuk ds rkSj ls fijk, gq, gSAa dYiuk dh xgjkbZ vkSj fcac ;kstuk dh xfrekurk ds n~okjk bl dfork esa ,d izcèa kkRed foLrkj vk;k gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a ,d fuf’pr] ?kfVr gksrs gq, vkSj dHkh u lekIr gksus okys LoIu dh rjg fodflr dfork gSA blesa QSys gq, lw=ksa dks lesVus dh izo`fRr ughaa gSA phtksa dh laHkkouk,¡ ;gk¡ [kRe ;k vo#n~/k ughaa gqbZ gS cfYd ruko lw=ksa n~okjk c<+rh] QSyrh xbZ gSaA ;g dfork îks;e bUDywfMax fgLVªh* gSA rF;ks]a ?kVukvksa ;k vkadM+kas ds :Ik esa ;gk¡ vkfRed Le`fr;k¡ ,sfrgkfld Le`fr;ksa esa xqFa k xbZ gSAa * ¼MkW- ujsanz eksgu½A bl jpuk foèkku esa QSVa l s hewyd dYiuk oSHko vkSj laf’y”V fcao foèkku dk cM+k egRo gSA dfo us vusd izlxa ksa esa bu nksuksa dh izHkko’kkyh ;kstuk dh gSA frfyLeh [kksg eas ôg* vkSj êSa* dk vkeuk&lkeuk bl dfork esa êS*a nks pfj=ksa esa foHkkftr gSA ,d uk;d vkSj nwljk mldk izfr:iA frfyLeh [kksg ds jgL;e; n`’; esa vkjaHk gksus okyh bl izrhdkRed dfork esa rg dks ryk’k dj igpkuuk iM+rk gS fd og O;fDr dkSu gS tks yxkrkj ^v¡èksjs es*a pDdj yxkrk gS& ^ftanxh ds@ dejksa esa v¡èksj@ s Ykxkrk gS pDdj@ dksbZ ,d yxkrkj* ¼eqfDrcks/k] xtkuu ek/ko- ¿2016] iPphlok¡ laLdkj.kÀ] çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ubZ fnYyh % jktdey çdk'ku- i`- 126½ bl yxkrkj pyrs gq, jgL;e; O;fDr dk ewrZ :Ik dksbZ ughaa gSA dsoy èofu lqukbZ nsrh gSA og frfyLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj ^dksb*Z gSA nwljh vksj gS dfork dk oDrk & êsjs ân; dh èkdèkd@ iwNrh gS & og dkSu\* ¼ogh] i`-127½ okpd ;k uk;d ¼eSa½ ds lkeus loky gS fd og dkSu gS ftlds vkus ls Hkhr ls Qwys gq, iyLrj fxjus yxrs gSa vkSj pwuk Hkjh jsr f[kldus yxrh gS\ D;k vn`’; og êuq* gS\ ;gh jgL;e; O;fDr dHkh ‘kgj ds ckgj igkM+h ds ml ikj ljksoj ds ‘;keo.kZ ty esa lQsn vk—fr esa izdV gksrk gS vkSj iqu% 67 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 67@^v¡

jDr&vkyksd esa ugk, gq, iq#”k ds :Ik esa fudyrk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA viuh xgu dYiuk n~okjk dfo us mlds Lo:Ik dks xfr’khy fcacksa n~okjk izdV fd;k gSA v¡èksjs esa ctrh lk lk¡¡dy dy vkSj ôg* dh okilh nwljs [kaM esa ,d u, okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA ‘kCnksa dh ehBh ygjsa okpd dks fiz; Hkh yxrh gSa vkSj mlls lgh Hkh ughaa tkrhA lk¡dysa ctrh gS]a tSls n~okj ij dksbZ mlh dh ckr mls crkus ds fy, cqykrk gSA okpd mls igpkurk gS fd ckgj [kM+k O;fDr ogh gS tks mls frfyLeh [kksg esa fn[kk FkkA og mlds vkus dks jksd ughaa ldrk gS vkSj pkgrk gS fd njoktk [kksydj mls ck¡gksa esa dldj ân; esa j[k ysAa ;g eqfDrcksèk dh dYiukxr xgjkbZ dk izek.k gS fd vius gh O;fDrRo dk va’k bl izdkj gj dgha mifLFkr jgrk gS vkSj mls >d>ksjrk gS& ^pkgs tgk¡ pkgs ftl le; mifLFkr@ pkgs ftl :i es@ a pkgs ftu izrhdksa esa izLrqr(@ b’kkjs ls crkrk gS] le>krk jgrk]@ ân; dks nsrk gS fctyh ds >VdsA* ¼ogh] i`-130½ e`r vkRekvksa dk tqywl bl dfork ij lcls l?ku :i ls Nk;k jgus okyk xR;kRed fcac vkRekvksa ds tqyl w dk gSA dfo us viuh dYiuk n~okjk vkèkh jkr ds lqulku v¡èksjs esa ,d fofp= vkSj Hk;kud izr s ;k=k izLrqr dh gSA bl ;k=k esa duZy] fczxfs M;j] lsukifr vkSj lSfud rks gSa gh] buds lkFk dbZ izfrf”Br i=dkj] dfo] vkykspd] ea=h vkSj iw¡thxr Hkh gSAa ;gk¡ rd fd ‘kgj dk dq[;kr xqM a k Hkh gSA bl rjg ls Hkwr&ny dh bl ‘kksHkk;k=k esa dkuwu dh Hkk"kk cksyrk gqvk vijkfèk;ksa dk la;Dq r ifjokj ,d= gSA blds n~okjk dfo us QkflLV rkuk’kkgh ds [krjs ds lkFk&lkFk lkainz kf;d naxksa dk rkyesy cSBkrs gq, fcac jpuk dh gS & ^Hkhrj dk jk{klh LokFkZ vc@ lkQ mHkj vk;k g]S@ Nqis gq, mn~n’s ;@ ;gk¡ fu[kj vk, gS@ a ;g ‘kksHkk ;k=k gS fdlh e`r&ny dhA* ¼ogh] i`-138½ dkO; uk;d êS*a dks vkHkkl gksrk gS fd lcdh fuxkgsa mlh dh vksj gSAa brus esa vkokt lqukbZ iM+rh gS & êkj Mkyks mldks [kRe djks ,dne*A ;n~;fi ;g ,d dkYifud ‘kCn fp= gS ijarq blesa fufgr O;aX; okLrfod gSA ‘kksHkk;k=k ds :i esa mlus ‘kks”kd vkSj neudkjh jktlRRkk ds okLrfod] f?kukSu]s ccZj pfj= dks fuoZlu ns[k fy;k gS & êSu a as mUgsa ns[k fy;k uaxk@ bldh eq>s vkSj ltk feysxhA* ¼ogh] i`-139½ ek’kZy ykW vkSj fljfQjk ikxy eqfDrcksèk us QSVa lh ds lw= dks vkxs c<+krs gq, yksdra= esa py jgh rkuk’kkgh dks ek’kZy ykW ds :i esa ?kuhHkwr fd;k gS vkSj mlds =kl rFkk fonziw dks ,d fljfQjs ikxy ds xhr us rhozrk iznku dh gSA n~ona o~ iw.kZ eu%fLFkfr ds chp uk;d dh Le`fr esa v[kckjh nqfu;k dk QSyko] lHkh vksj ?ksjko] Q¡lko rFkk ruko gh ruko fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS & ^lsuk us ?ksj yh gSa lM+dAas @ ;g lc D;k gS\@ 68 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 68@^v¡

fdlh tu&Økafr ds neu&fufeRr ;g ek’kZy ykW gS!!* ¼ogh] i`-139-140½ vkrad xgjkus yxrk gSA brus esa êS*a dk Hkh ,d u;k :i] mlh ds oxZ dk ,d fljfQjk ikxy vpkud tkx`r&cqnf~ /k gks tkrk gS vkSj mlds xhr dk Loj xw¡tus yxrk gS & ^---vks esjs vkn'kZoknh eu]@ vks esjs fln~/kkaroknh eu]@ vc rd D;k fd;k\@ thou D;k ft;k!!* ¼ogh] i`-141½ Hkkxrk êSa* ne NksM+ cuke canwdksa dh èkka;&èkka; tqyl w esa ‘kkfey mn~;ksxifr;ks]a eaf=;ks]a lsukuk;dks]a xqM a k+ ]as vkykspdks]a fopkjdks]a dfo;ksa vkSj laikndksa ds tu&fojksèkh xBcaèku dh okLrfodrk ;g gS fd ;s lc fcds gq, gSAa dfo bls Hkwr&ny dh ‘kksHkk;k=k crkrk gS tks ml jktuSfrd O;oLFkk dk izrhd gS tks okLro eas [kks[kyh vkSj eqnkZ gSA jktuhfr vkSj vijkèk dh lk¡Bxk¡B dks le>us okys fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ;g O;oLFkk thfor ughaa NksMu + k pkgrhA blfy, dfo us mlds vkradoknh pfj= dks ,d xfr’khy laf’y”V fcac n~okjk O;Dr fd;k gSA laxhusa mldh vksj eqM+ tkrh gSa vkSj êkjks&ekjks* dk ‘kksj gksus yxrk gSA cand w ksa dh èkka;&èkka; ls edkuksa ds Åij xs#vk izdk’k Nk tkrk gSA uk;d ,dkar esa flj idM+ dj cSB tkrk gSA vius Hkhrj >k¡drk gSA ogk¡ mls nhfIr esa oyf;r ^jRu* fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSa tks vfXue; o.kZ ds gSaA bl QSaVslh foèkku ds n~okjk dfo [kksbZ gqbZ vkRekfHkO;fDr dk iqu% lk{kkRdkj djrk gSA fryd] xkaèkh] f’k’kq] lwjteq[kh vkSj jkbQy QSVa lhijd dfork esa ;g lqfoèkk gksrh gS fd jpukdkj viuh dYiuk n~okjk dbZ LFkkuksa vkSj dbZ dkyksa dks ,d lkFk mifLFkr dj ldrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh LFkkukarjxkeh izo`fRr ¼ekbxz’s ku bafLVDV½ dh f’kYifofèk dk deky ;g gS fd bl dfork ds v¡èksjs esa mUgksu a s ,d vksj rks ledkyhu jktuhfr dk vaèksjk fn[kk;k gS tcfd nwljh vksj izdk’keku ef.k;k¡ Hkh fn[kkbZ gSAa dkyt;h dfork ns’kdky dk vfrØe.k djus esa leFkZ gksrh gSA ;g dfork Hkh ledkyhu lanHkkZas ls tqMh+ gksus ds ckotwn rkuk’kkgh izo`fRr;ksa ds f[kykQ ekuoh; ftthfo”kk ds lnk&lnk ds la?k”kZ dks O;Dr djus esa leFkZ gSA bl la?k”kZ ds izrhd iq#”kksa vkSj Lokèkhurk ds LoIunz”Vkvksa ds :i esa dfo dkO;uk;d dk lkeuk fryd vkSj xkaèkh ls djkrk gS ftudh vkRekvksa dks orZeku O;oLFkk us ygwygq ku dj j[kk gSA fryd dh ewfrZ dh ik”kk.k ihfBdk fgy jgh gSA vaxkjs >j jgs gSAa flj vkSj ekFks ls xje [kwu Vid jgk gS] ekuks fryd dk eLrd dks”k gh QwV iM+k gSA bl ewfrZ ds le{k uk;d mn~foXu gks mBrk gS vkSj ph[krk gS & ^fd ge vHkh ftan+ k gSa ft+na kA* ¼ogh] i`-149½ vkxs c<+us ij fQj èkka;&èkka; dh vkoktsa vkrh gS]a NIijksa ds ikj ls jksus dk Loj lqukbZ nsrk gS vkSj fdlh xqIrpj dh rjg xkaèkh viuh fojklr ,d f’k’kq ds :i esa uk;d dks lkSia nsrs gSAa og mls laHkkyus vkSj lqjf{kr j[kus dh dksf’k’k djrk gS & êSa pqi djus dh ftruh Hkh djrk g¡w dksf’k’k@ vkSj&vkSj ph[krk 69 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 69@^v¡

gS Øksèk ls yxkrkj!!@ xhys&xhys vaXkkj Vidrs gSa eq> ijA* ¼ogh] i`-153½ f’k’kq lwjteq[kh ds Qwy ds xqPNs esa cny tkrk gSA dYiuk ds Hkhrj dYiuk] izrhd ds Hkhrj izrhd dh ‘kSyh ls dfo dk egkLoIu fodflr gksrk gSA fdj.kksa ds d.k uk;d ds ‘kjhj ij QSy tkrs gS]a Økafr dh laHkkouk,¡ ryk’krs gq, dfo us vpkud lwjteq[kh dks jkbQy ds :i esa cny fn;k gSA vc dkO;uk;d ds daèks ij ,d otunkj jkbQy vk tkrh gSA ;g [kqyk vkg~oku gS tupsruk ds laxfBr gksdj rkuk’kkgh rkdrksa ds f[kykQ fu.kkZ;d ;qn/~ k esa dwn iM+us dk] jDr Økafr dkA vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBkus gksaxs Økafr esa flikfg;ksa dh Hkwfedk l’kL= la?k”kZ dh gS rks mlesa cqnf~ /kthfo;ks]a dyedkjksa vkSj dykdkjksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\ os fdl izdkj tuØkafr esa Hkkxhnkjh fuHkk ldrs gS\a nqfu;k Hkj esa ,sls vusd mnkgj.k gSa tc dfo Hkh gfFk;kj ysdj Økafr ds flikgh dh Hkwfedk esa lM+dksa ij mrjs gSa ijarq blls Hkh cM+h ;g Hkwfedk dfo ds ftEes gS fd og lp dks dgus vkSj fn[kkus dk lkgl yksxksa esa Hkj nsA mUgsa viuh vfLerk ds izfr tkx:d cuk,A mldh vfHkO;fDr dsoy ‘kkfCnd vfHkO;fDr u jgs cfYd og mldh [kkfrj reke [krjs mBkus vkSj cfynku ds fy, rS;kj jgsA dkO;uk;d dks blls cM+h ihM+k gksrh gS fd ftu cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dks lkèkkj.k turk ds lkFk [kM+s gksuk pkfg, Fkk] os lRrk ds pkVqdkj cus gq, gSAa blfy, og ladYi djrk gS & ^vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkus gh gksxa s@ rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lHkhA* ¼ogh] i`-161½ ôg* dk rhljk lk{kkRdkj jDrikbZ oxZ ls ukfHkuky lacn~/k vkSj uiql a d Hkksx f’kjk tky esa my>s gq, eè;oxZ dks psrkrk gqvk êS*a var esa fQj ôg* esa cny tkrk gSA êS*a vc ôg* dh [kkst esa xfy;ks]a lM+dksa ij fudy iM+kA og gj pgjs vkSj xfrfofèk dks >k¡ddj ns[krk gSA ;gk¡ ij iqu% dfo dh dYiukxr xgjkbZ] l?kurk] lqna j fcac foèkku izLrqr djrh gS vkSj og oxZeDq r tuØkafr dk izrhd cu tkrk gS vFkkZr eè;oxhZ; eu dk O;fDrRo&varj.k ?kfVr gksrk gS vkSj mls Økafr ls ize s gks tkrk gSA vkSj og viuh [kksbZ gqbZ vfHkO;fDr dks igpku ysrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk jpuk&foèkku vR;fèkd tfVy gS ijarq vusd likV oDrO;ksa ds ckotwn ;g dfork ikBd dks vius jgL;e; tky esa ck¡èk dj mls mRrsftr] cspu S ] fopfyr vkSj ladYi ls ifjiw.kZ djrh gS ftldk Js; fu’p; gh bl egkLoIu dh dYiukxr xgjkbZ vkSj fofoèkrk ls Hkjs gq, fcacksa dh xfr’khyrk dks tkrk gSA è;krO; gS fd ;g dfork chloha ‘krkCnh esa euq”; ds Åij yxkrkj Nkrs tk jgs vèkadkj dk fp=.k rks djrh gh gS] lkFk gh vxyh vFkkZr bDdhloha ‘krkCnh ¼orZeku½ dh dfork dk ikB Hkh rS;kj djrh gSA bls HkweM a y dh =klnh Hkh dgk 70 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 70@^v¡

tkuk pkfg, fd chloha ‘krkCnh vkrad] fgalk vkSj neu dh ‘krkCnh jghA fo’o Hkj esa O;oLFkk,¡ yxkrkj Øwj vkSj u`’kal gksrh xbZa vkSj lRrk rFkk vkraddkjh ‘kfDr;ksa dk Hksn feV x;kA ;gh og vaèksjk gS tks bDdhloha ‘krkCnh dks fojklr esa feyk gSA eqfDrcksèk bl v¡èksjs dks vfHkO;Dr djuk pkgrs gSAa blesa gLr{ksi djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj pkgrs gSa v¡èksjs ls izdk’k dh vksj tkus okys lekt dh iqujZpukA ysfdu iz’u gS fd bldh ftEesnkjh dkSu mBk,xkA fu’p; gh mPpoxZ ;g ftEesnkjh ughaa mBk ldrk D;ksfa d ;g vaèksjk mldh viuh mit gS] v¡èksjs esa gh equkQs dh Qly dkVrk gSA fuEuoxZ viuh jksVh dh fpark esa bl rjg [kks;k gS fd mls v¡èksj&s mtkys dk QdZ gh ekywe ughaAa vc cpk eè;oxZA eè;oxZ esa ,d vksj os cqnf~ /kthoh gSa tks v¡èksjs vkSj mtkys dk QdZ rks le>rs gSa ysfdu lqfoèkk dh [kkfrj >wBh iRrysa pkVuk mfpr le>rs gSAa nwljh vksj eè;oxZ dk og fgLlk gS ftlus viuh vfLerk csp dj ughaa [kkbZ gSA eqfDrcksèk vius fu’kkus ij bu fofoèk oxksaZ dks vyx&vyx <ax ls j[krs gSa vkSj fcds gq, cqnf~ /kthfo;ksa dh HkRlZuk djrs gq,] eè;oxZ ls ;g vis{kk djrs gSa fd og tkxs] v¡èksjs esa pyrs gq, iSlksa ds uaxs izr s ksa ds tqywl dks ns[ks] ns[kus vkSj fQj mls vfHkO;Dr djus dh ltk ds :i esa xksyh ls mM+k, tkus dk [krjk eksy ys & rkfd èkjrh dks csgrj cukus ds fy, jpukRed ifjorZu dh laHkkouk,¡ ‘ks”k cph jgsaA okLro esa ^v¡èksjs es*a vkèkqfud eè;oxZ ds O;fDr dh thouxkFkk gSA eqfDrcksèk us vius iwjs lkfgR; esa lkekftd vyxko ds f’kdkj fuEueè;oxZ dks vkyacu cuk;k gSA ;g ,d foMacuk gS fd blh oxZ ls ge Økafr dh ‘kq:vkr dh mEehn djrs gSa vkSj ;gh oxZ lekt esa VqPpsiu dk Hkh drkZ&èkrkZ gSA eqfDrcksèk dh n`f”V esa Hkh eè;oxZ ds ;s nksuksa :i gSa blfy, izLrqr dfork esa ikxy dh vkRe&HkRlZuk ds :i esa os bl oxZ dh dVq vkykspuk djrs gSa ijarq vU;= os bl vkykspuk dks êehZ vkykspuk* dk uke nsrs gq, crkrs gSa fd eehZ vkykspuk Åij ls pkgs ftruh dBksj vkSj [kqjnjh gks varr% mlesa ,d cM+h Hkkjh Jn~/kk gksrh gS vkSj ;g fd euq”; esa lqèkkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g euq”; ds lkeF;Z ij Jn~/kk gSA blh Jn~/kk ds dkj.k v¡èksjs esa Hkh izdk’k dh [kkst tkjh jgrh gSA bl dfork esa izLrqr var%LFky esa fNih gqbZ ^fo{kksHk ef.k;ks*a ] ^foosd jRu*] îfjR;Dr f’k’kq*] êq>s iqdkjrh gqbZ iqdkj [kks xbZ dgha* rFkk ^jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k* tSls fcacksa esa eè;oxZ ds izfr dfo dh bl Jn~/kk dks gh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA MkW- ukeoj flag ds vuqlkj ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ewy dF; gj rjg ds vyxko ds fo#n~èk vfLerk dh [kkst gSA bl dfork dk euq vyxko] ruko vkSj lk{kkRdkj ds chp >wyrk gqvk eè;oxZ gh gSA ;g Bhd gS fd eè;oxZ esa ifjorZu dh laHkkouk,¡ fufgr gSa ysfdu ;g Hkh lp gS fd cgqr ls yksx viuh bl lkeF;Z vkSj laHkkouk ls vutku gSAa ykHk] yksHk] Hk; ;k vkrad ds dkj.k cgqr ls yksx vius bl i{k dks tku&cw>dj eu 71 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 71@^v¡

ds rg[kkus esa Mky nsrs gSAa ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ikxy bl rg[kkus esa gypy epkrk gSA mldk xkuk lquus ds ckn dkO;uk;d dks yxk fd & ^O;fDrRo viuk gh@ vius ls [kks;k gqvk@ ogh mls vdLekr feyrk Fkk jkr esaA* ¼ogh] i`-142½ ;g ikxy ikxy[kkus esa ughaa cfYd cjxn ds rys iM+k jgrk gS] ;gk¡ rg[kkus esa ;k frfyLeh xqQk esa jgus okyk LDrkyksd Lukr iq#”k gSA ;g iq#”k LosPNk ls xqgkokl dj jgk gS ;k mls fdlh us ,slk djus dks etcwj fd;k gS] ;g Li”V ughaa dgk x;k gS( ijarq ef.k;ksa ds ckjs esa lkQ dgk x;k gS fd& ^gk;&gk;] eSu a s mUgsa xqgkokl ns fn;kA* ¼ogh] i`-146½ bl gk;&gk; ds ekè;e ls dfo ml eè;oxZ dh vius&vkidks dkslus dh fLFkfr dks mtkxj djrs gSa tks Lo;a viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls nwj Hkkxrk gS vkSj cnys esa vaèksjk feyus ij dksbZ lfØ; izfrjksèk djus ds ctk, vijkèk Hkkouk ls Hkjdj gk;&gk; fd;k djrk gSA njvly eè;oxZ ds vkRela?k”kZ dk lkekftd la?k”kZ ds lkFk lhèkk lacèa k gSA lkekftd la?k”kZ esa Hkkx ysdj gh vkRela?k”kZ dks fdlh fuf’pr ifj.kke rd igqp ¡ k;k tk ldrk gSA vdsys vkneh ds la?k”kZ dh fu;fr vfHkeU;q dh fu;fr gksrh gSA mls O;oLFkk ?ksj dj ekj Mkyrh gSA ,dkdh dkO;uk;d ds lkFk Hkh ^v¡èksjs es*a ;gh “kM~;r a ?kfVr gksrk gSA ijarq dfork u rks vfHkeU;q dh e`R;q ds lkFk lekIr gksrh gS u gh xksyh ekjs tkus ds lkFkA eqfDrcksèk dh vfèkdka’k dforkvksa dk var fdlh gM+rky ;k vkanksyu ;k tuØkafr ds vkjaHk ls gksrk gS vkSj dkO;uk;d dHkh mldk nz”Vk gksrk gS] dHkh izjs d( ijarq mldk ml ?kVuk ls viuk yxko t:j gksrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ^eS*a blh lkekftd la?k”kZ ds izjs d pfj= dh igpku djus dh dksf’k’k djrk gS vkSj lkekftd la?k”kZ ds ladYi dks bu izfln~/k iafDr;ksa n~okjk O;Dr djrk gS& ^vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs@ mBkus gh gksxa @ s rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lc@ igq¡puk gksxk nqxe Z igkM+kas ds ml ikj@ rc gha ns[kus feysxa h gedks@ uhyh ÷khy dh tgjhyh Fkkgsa@ ftlesa fd izfrQy dk¡irk jgrk@ v#.k dey ,dA* ¼ogh] i`-161½ ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork eè;oxZ ds vyxko ds nq”ifj.kkeksa dks Hkh lkeus ykrh gSA bl vyxko dh izfØ;k ls eqDr gksus dk mik; gS & oxZ psruk] D;ksfa d oxZ psruk ds yksi ls gh vyxko dk vuqHko gksrk gS ftldk nwljk uke feF;k psruk gSA eè;oxhZ; O;fDr dh oxZ psruk dsoy brus gh rd lhfer ughaa gS fd og vius vki dks eè;oxZ dk lnL; ekudj mlds rkRdkfyd fgrksa ds fy, la?k”kZ djsa cfYd mldh lPph oxZpr s uk bl ckr esa gS fd etnwj oxZ ds fgrksa dh j{kk esa gh varr% vius fgrksa dh j{kk eglwl djsa vkSj blds fy, iw¡thokn ds fouk’k esa etnwj oxZ dk lkFk nsAa bl psruk dk vHkko gh eè;oxhZ; O;fDr ds lanHkZ esa feF;k psruk gSA MkW- ukeoj flag us bls ^vfLerk dk yksi* dgk gSA blds foifjr oxZpr s uk dks ^vfLerk dh [kkst* dgk x;k gS tks fd ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ewy 72 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 72@^v¡

dF; gSA Lo;a eqfDrcksèk us dfork esa ^vfLerk* dk ughaa cfYd ^vfHkO;fDr* ‘kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gS tks [kksbZ gqbZ gS ftldh [kkst dh tk jgh gSA ^ikxy ds xhr* ds ckn ;g Hkh Li”V gksrk gS fd vfHkO;fDr O;fDrRo dk i;kZ; gSA eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj ;g dsoy vfHkO;fDr ugha]a ije vfHkO;fDr gS & vu[kksth fut le`nf~ èk dk ije mRd"kZA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g futh laHkkoukvksa] fufgr izHkkoksa vkSj izfrHkkvksa dh iw.kZ voLFkk rFkk dkO; uk;d ds ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo gSA blh ds fy, dfo [krjs mBkus dh ckr dgrk gSA MkW- ukeoj flag ds vuqlkj] ;gk¡ vfHkO;fDr ls vfHkizk; dfork Hkh gS vkSj Økafr Hkh] D;ksfa d ftu eBksa vkSj x<+kas dks rksMu + s dk ladYi ;gk¡ fd;k x;k gS] os dsoy lkfgfR;d eB vkSj x<+ ughaa gS cfYd og lai.w kZ vfèkuk;doknh iw¡thra= gS tks Je dk rks ‘kks”k.k djrk gh gS] vkrad vkSj lqfoèkk dh nqgjh pkysa pydj cqnf~ /k dks Hkh Øhrnklh cukrk gSA blhfy, varr% ;g vfHkO;fDr ;k O;fDrRo ;k vfLerk ;k oxZpr s uk dkO;uk;d ds vius ^O;fDrxr* ds nk;js ls fudydj Økafr ds fy, rS;kj & lUun~/k vkSj dfVcn~/k & tu;wFk esa ?kqyfeydj mlds lkFk ,dkdkj gks tkrh gSA ;gh bDdhloha ‘krkCnh ds HkweM a yh—r v¡èksjs ds lanHkZ esa bl dfork ds iquikZB dk izLFkku&fcanq gSA

73 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 73@^v¡

75 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 75@^vยก

^v¡èksjs es*a dk dF; fo’ys”k.k & MkW- cyfoanj dkSj ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dh mu izfrfufèk dforkvksa esa ls gS ftlls eqfDrcksèk dh dfork vkSj jpuk&izfØ;k dks le>k tk ldrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Jhdkar oekZ dk ;g dFku eqfDrcksèk ds lacèa k eas fopkj.kh; gS fd ^fdlh vkSj dfo dh dfork,¡ mldk bfrgkl u gks] eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ vo’;] mudk bfrgkl gSA tks bu dforkvksa dks le>saxs mUgsa eqfDrcksèk dks fdlh vkSj :i esa le>us dh t:jr ughaa iM+xs hA ftanxh ds ,d Luk;q ds ruko dh ,d ckj thou esa vkSj nwljh ckj viuh dforkvksa esa thdj eqfDrcksèk us viuh Le`fr ds fy, lSd a M+kas dfork,¡ NksMh+ gSa vkSj ;s dfork,¡ gh mudk thou o`rkar gSA* ¼pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 8½A vly esa eqfDrcksèk dk lai.w kZ lkfgR; laons ukRed Kku vkSj KkukRed laons uk dh gh [kkst vkSj vfHkO;fDr jgk gSA eqfDrcksèk ds dfo&deZ dh ppkZ djrs gq, izfln~/k dfo MkW- dsnkjukFk flag us mfpr gh dgk gS & êqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ vius le; ds thfor bfrgkl dks dfork esa cnyus dh dfBu pqukSrh dk lkeuk djus okyh dfork,¡ gSAa * ¼eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh&2½A Hk;] ruko vkSj fparu blh ij ^v¡èksjs es*a dk lanHkZ ,oa lk{; fuHkZj gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dk izdk’ku loZiFz ke ^dYiuk* if=dk esa 1964 esa ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi v¡èksjs es*a uked ‘kh”kZd ls gqvk] ijarq ;s fopkj.kh; gS fd eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ dbZ cSBdksa esa dbZ&dbZ ckj fy[kh tkrh jgh gSaA bl lanHkZ esa ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag dk dguk gS fd ^jktuk¡nxk¡o esa lu~ 61 esa eSa eqfDrcksèk ls feyk Fkk] vkSj mudh rhu cgqr yach yktokc dfork,¡ eSu a as muds eq[k ls lquh FkhA ,d ^v¡èksjs es*a Fkh] nwljh îze s *] rhljh ^,d dFkk*A ¼pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`18½A vr% tc dHkh eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a dk dF; fo’ys”k.k gksxk] rks mlds lkFk&lkFk bl dfork dh jpuk&izfØ;k ds dky [kaM o ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg,A oSls izR;{k :i ls eqfDrcksèk dh ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ij ,Eizl s fey dh ?kVuk dk xgjk laons ukRed izHkko Fkk & êqfDrcks/k 'kqØokjh esa fryd dh efrZ ds ikl rks xyh esa jgk djrs FksA ,Eizsl fey ds etnwjksa ij tc xksyh pyh rks fjiksVjZ dh gSfl;r ls os ?kVuk&LFky ij ekStnw FksA mUgksu a s fljksa dk QwVuk vkSj [kwu dk cguk viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kkA ^v¡èksjs es*a ‘kh”kZd mudh l’kDr vkSj ekfeZd dfork muds ukxiqj thou ds cgqr lkjs lanHkZ vius vanj lesVs gq, gSAa * ¼pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 17½ ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds dF; fo’ys”k.k esa bl dfork dh ukVdh; ?kVukvksa ds fofoèk vk;ke] ifjos’k vkfn dks le>uk Hkh vko’;d gSA dfo vopsru dks psru ds Lrj ij vfHkO;Dr djuk pkgrk gS ftlds fy, os fHkUu ‘kSyh iz;ksxksa dk 75 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 75@^v¡

bLrseky djrk gSA dfork esa ikSjkf.kd] ,sfrgkfld ik=ksa & euq] oSfnd _f”k ‘kqu% ‘ksi] cycu] fryd] xkaèkh vkfn ds ekè;e ls dfo ikjaifjdrk vkSj vkèkqfudrk ds n~oano~ ls mith leUo;h laons uk dh vksj ladr s djrk gSA Hk;kud okrkoj.k] fLFkfr;ks]a ?kVukvksa ds ‘kSyhxr :i esa mn~?kkVu ls ,d rjg ls dfo ikBd dk è;ku vkdf”kZr djuk pkgrk gSA blfy, rks ^eqfDrcksèk dh dfork vn~Hkqr ladr s ks&a Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh nwj ls gh ‘kksj epkrh] dHkh dkuksa esa pqipki jkt+ dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa geha dks lqukrh gks vkSj ge vius dks ,dne pfdr gksdj ns[krs gS]a vkSj igys ls vkSj Hkh vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSAa * ¼pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS] i`- 20½ ;fn ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds dF; dk la{ksi esa lkj nsa rks dfork esa lacksèku ls vkjaHk ,dkyki ^D;k gks jgk gS\* ls var iqu% vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ds eè; dh fLFkfr dh jpuk&izfØ;k es]a nwljk n`’; dfo dh fLFkfr dks vopsru esa le>uk] vleatL; dh fLFkfr] ?kVukvksa dh dqN le> dk fodflr gksdj vkRefujh{k.k dj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>us dk dfo ladYi] ladYi dk Økafr esa :ikarj.k] Økafrdkjh fopkjoku fljfQjs dh e`R;q vkSj iqu% dfo dh viuh ryk’k] Økafrdkjh lksp ds ifj.kkeLo:i dfo dks lt+k] lt+k ds i’pkr dfo dk NwVrs gh iqu% laxfBr gks vkRekfHkO;fDr ds [krjsa mBkus dks rS;kj gks tkuk] ftlls dfo ds fopkjksa dk tu&tu esa izokfgr gksuk] dfo dh orZeku ;qx ds izfr fonzkgs dh ?kks”k.kk] tuØkafr dk neu] ftlls dh tufonzkgs dk osx c<+rk gS] vkèkqfudrk dh okLrfod fLFkfr dk fo’ys”k.k] var es iqu% dfo vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst djus yxrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dh izfln~/k dfork gSA bl jpuk ds ipkl lky iwjs gks pqds gSAa ;g dfork ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst esa ftl rjg dh QSVa l s h cqurh gS rFkk bleas ftl rjg dh cgqLrjh;rk o ladr s ksa esa fofoèkrk gS] bls ysdj fganh ds fon~oku vkykspdksa us bldh vyx&vyx O;k[;k dh gSA ;gk¡ rd fd izxfr’khy vkykspdksa tSls jkefoykl ‘kekZ o ukeoj flag ds erksa esa Hkh vR;fèkd fHkUurk jgh gSA ¼jkefoykl ‘kekZ] ubZ dfork vkSj vfLrRokn] ^v¡èksjs es*a ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst] ukeoj flag½A oSls bl dfork dh pkgs tks Hkh O;k[;k dh xbZ gks] ysfdu vius ewy esa ;g dfork ,sls v¡èksjs dh iM+rky djrh gS tks Hkkjrh; Lokra™;ksRrj O;oLFkk ds vaèksjksa tSls yksdra= dk vaèksjk] QkflLV rkdrksa dk vaèksjk] iw¡th dh O;oLFkk o jDrikbZ oxZ n~okjk iSnk dh xbZ Øwj] vekuoh; o ‘kks”k.k dh gkgkdkjh fLFkfr;ksa ls lk{kkRdkj dk mn~?kkVu] cqnf~ /kthfo;ks]a cqtv qZ k oxZ dk LokFkhZ pfj=] lkfgfR;d laLFkkvksa o lekpkj i=ksa dh iaxr q k vkfn dks vfHkO;aftr djrk gSA tgk¡ le; vius dks jprk gS] ogha dfork le; dks jprh gSA ;g dfork vkSj le; ds chp dk n~ona o~ kRed fj’rk gSA bl izfØ;k esa dbZ ckj dfork le; dks yk¡?k tkrh gS vkSj orZeku ls T;knk Hkfo”; dh dfork cu tkrh gSA dky dk vfrØe.k dkyt;h jpuk ds lkFk gksrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a 76 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 76@^v¡

,slh gh jpuk gS tks dy dh gh ughaa cfYd ;g gekjs vkt dh dfork gSA ;g dfork vk’kadkvksa vkSj tukdka{kkvks]a LoIuksa vkSj laHkkoukvksa ls cquh xbZ ,d fojkV LoIu QSVa l s h gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a thou dqN fcac [kaMk+ as ds :i esa Øe’k% èkhjs&èkhjs mHkjrk gS vkSj rc ,d lai.w kZ fp= fufeZr gksrk gSA vk’p;Z rks ;g fd dfo dh oSpkfjd] ckSnf~ /kd izfrfØ;kvksa ds ckotwn dkO; rkijfgr ughaa gks tkrk] D;ksfa d thou&lai`fDr ogk¡ mldk ewykèkkj gSA bl dfork dk êS*a nks O;fDr&pfj=ksa esa c¡Vk gS & ,d ^dkO; uk;d* gS vkSj nwljk mldk îzfr:i*A ;s dfork vkB [kaMksa esa foHkDr bdgRrj can ¼LVsatk½ dh ,d yach dfork gSA u rks vkBksa [kaM+ leku vkdkj izdkj ds gSa vkSj u gh canA ,d fo’ks”k ckr tks bl dfork esa ns[kus dks feyrh gS fd gj u, can esa dforkxr f’kYi dk iSVuZ cny tkrk gS ckotwn blds dh vxyk can fiNys can ls vlacn~/k gks tk,A ;s can iSVuZ esa fHkUu gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh u fdlh lw= ls tqMs+ jgrs gSAa dfork dk vkjaHk ,d fryLeh [kksg ds jgL;e; n`’; ls gksrk gS] tks vR;ar ukVdh; gS % ^ftanxh ds---@ dejksa esa v¡èksj@ s yxkrk gS pDdj@ dks b Z ,d yxkrkj---A* ysfdu ;g jgL;e; O;fDr fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrk] flQZ mlds pyus dh vkgV ckj&ckj lqukbZ iM+rh gSA og dkSu gS\ vdLekr~ dfo ,d QSVa l s h ds :i esa ,d cM+s ls psgjs dks izdV dj nsrk gSA uqdhyh ukd] HkO; yykV] n`<+ guqA og dkSu euq gS\ bl iz’u ds lkFk gh tSls dkO; uk;d izdV gksrk gSA mls ;kn vkrk gS fd ;g gh jgL;e; O;fDr gS tks dHkh ‘kgj ds ckgj igkM+h ds ml ikj rkykc ds lfyy ds re&L;ke ‘kh’ks esa dqgjhyh ‘osr vk—fr esa izdV gqvk & ,d jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k gS & ^^?kqlrh gS yky&yky elky] vthc&lh]@ varjky&fooj ds re es@ a yky&yky dqgjk]@ dqgjs es]a lkeus jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k ,d@ jgL; lk{kkr~AA* igys tks fn[kkbZ ughaa ns jgk Fkk] ij vc fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS ij tkuk ;k le>k ughaa tk ik jgk gSA vdLekr~ èkM+ ls Økafr dk vkxeu gksrk gSA fryLeh [kksg dh yky e’kky ds izdk’k esa jgL;e; O;fDr dk fp= mHkjrk gS & ôg jgL;e; O;fDr@ vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gS]@ iw.kZ voLFkk og@ xxx@ esjh ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo]@ ân; esa fjl jgs Kku dk ruko og]@ vkRek dh izfrek* ysfdu ;s D;k! dfo dh vfHkO;fDr dk izrhr jgL;e; O;fDr euq ,d fHkUu igpku nsrk gS & ^fdarq og QVs oL= D;ksa igus gS@ mldk Lo.kZ&eq[k eSyk D;ksa gS@ xxx@ mldh bruh Hk;kud fLFkfr gS D;ks@ a jksVh mls igq¡pkrk gS dkSu@ dkSu ikuh nsrk gSA* mls ns[kdj dkO; uk;d dks vuk;kl Lusg meM+ iM+rk gSA og lksprk gS fd njoktk [kksydj ck¡gksa esa dl yw¡] ân; esa j[k yw¡] ysfdu dkO; uk;d mlls drjkrk gS] Mjrk gS] D;ksfa d ôg fcBk nsrk gS rqxa f’k[kj ds@ 77 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 77@^v¡

[krjukd] [kqjnqjs dxkj ijA* vkSj dgrk gS fd jLlh ds iqy ls nwljs dxkj ij igq¡p tkvksA mlus dfo dks Hkfo”; dk tks uD’kk fn;k gS mls dkO; uk;d lg Hkh ughaa ldrk o NksM+ Hkh ughaa ldrk & ûgha] ugha]a mldks eSa NksM+ ughaa ldw¡xk@ lguk iM+s eq>s pkgs tks Hkys ghA* vr% miq;DZ r iafDr;k¡ dfo ds varn~oZ ano vkSj NViVkgV dk izrhd gS dfo viuh vkReihM+k vkSj ekufld la?k”kZ ds lkFk ,d xgjk ladYi ysrk gSA okLro es]a ;g ladYi eqfDrcksèk dk gSA Hk; vkSj ize s dk ;g ukVdh; n~ona o~ gh bl vkRe&fuokZflr eu dk eq[; vkd”kZ.k gSA dkO; uk;d tc viuh ladYi ‘kfDr dk fu.kZ; dj njoktk [kksyrk gS rks ckgj dksbZ ugha]a dksbZ ughaa ckgjA ,sls esa jkr dk i{kh dgrk gS ôg pyk x;k gS]@ og ughaa vk,xk] vk,xk gh ugha@ a xxx@ mldh rw [kkst djA* ,dk,d dkO; ukVd mlls lk{kkRdkj djuk pkgrk gS vkSj mls vpkud mlh can njoktsa esa ikrk gSA ,sls esa dfo vkRe&fujh{k.k djrk gS & ^;g flfoy ykbal gSA eSa vius dejsa es@ a ;gk¡ iM+k gqvk gw¡@ vk¡[ksa [kqyh gqbZ gS]a @ ihVs x, ckyd lk ekj [kk;k psgjk@ xxx@ D;k og eSa gw¡@ eSa gw¡\* brus esa n`’; cnyrk gSA dfo eè;jkf= ds v¡èksj]s lqulku esa fdlh tqyl w ds cSM a dh gYdh] #d&#d ctus okyh vkokt lqurk gS & îzkl s ’s ku\@ fuLrCèk uxj ds eè;&jkf=&v¡èksjs esa lqulku@ fdlh nwj cSM a dh nch gqbZ Øekxr rku&èkquA* ysfdu tgk¡ lkjk ‘kgj lks;k iM+k gqvk gS dfo jkr esa tkx jgk gS & ^ysfdu eaS tkx jgk] ns[k jgk@ jksekapdkjh og tknqbZ djkekrA* ;gk¡ dfo ,d ubZ QSVa l s h ds ekè;e ls okLrfodrk dks mtkxj djuk pkgrk gSA tqyl w fofp= gSA pednkj cSM a ny] vusd fdLe dh vk—fr;k¡ gSAa muds ihNs laxhuksa dk taxy] VSd a ny] eksVkZj] vkfVZyjh] lSfudksa ds iFkjk, psgjs gSAa bl tqyl w esa dfo vius ifjfpr psgjksa dks igpkurk gS & ^psgjs os esjs tkus&cw>s ls yxrs@ muds fp= lekpkji=ksa esa Nis Fks]@ muds ys[k ns[ks Fks@ xxx@ muesa dbZ izdkaM vkykspd] fopkjd]@ txexkrs dfo&x.k@ ea=h Hkh] mn~;ksxifr vkSj fon~oku@ ;gk¡ rd fd ‘kgj dk gR;kjk dq[;kr@ Mksekth mLrkn curk gS cyouA@ gk;] gk;AA* ,sls esa dfo vkRefujh{k.k djrk gS fd ;s dkSu yksx gS\a dfo dks ;g tqyl w vthc lk yxrk gSA dfo vR;ar Hk;Hkhr vkSj Mjk gqvk gSA dfo dks ,dk,d yxrk gS fd tqyl w ds yksxksa us mls igpku fy;k gSA laxhu mldh vksj eqM+ xbZ gSA ‘kksj gksrk gS] bls xksyh ekj nks & ^tku x;k og lc@ ekj Mkyks] mldks [kRe djks ,dneAA* bu QkfLkLV rFkkdfFkr yksdrkaf=d jgL;ksa dks dfo tku pqdk gS] ij iqu% lkjh fLFkfr;ksa ij iqufoZpkj djrk gS & ^xgu e`rkRek,¡ blh uxj dh@ gj jkr tqyl w esa pyrh]@ ijar]q fnu es@ a cSBrh gS feydj djrh gqbZ “kM~;= a @ fofHkUu n¶rjks&a dk;kZy;ks]a dsna kz as es]a @ ?kjksa esAa * dkO; uk;d Mj x;k gS D;ksfa d mlus mu yksxksa dks uaxk ns[k fy;k gSA 78 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 78@^v¡

feyus okyh ltk ls og vR;ar Hk;Hkhr vkSj Mjk gqvk gS & ^gk;&gk;! eSu a s mUgsa ns[k fy;k uaxk]@ blfy, eq>s vkSj ltk feysxhA* fQj ,d n`’; cnyrk gSA vdLekr~ lsuk,¡ lM+dkas dks ?ksj ysrh gSA tc dHkh Hkh tuØkafr dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vuqdy w gksrh gSa vkSj vke turk fonzkgs dj mBrh gS mls dqpyus vkSj usLrukcwn djus ds fy, lRrk cjkcj ek’kZy ykW dk bLrseky djrh gS vkSj ,sls esa ml gj vkneh dk ihNk fd;k tkrk gS tks O;oLFkk ds fo#n~/k tuØkafr ;k fonzkgs esa dgha u dgha ‘kkfey gSA dfo iqu% Hk;adj cjxn dh Nk¡o esa okil igq¡prk gSA ;gh cjxn lHkh misf{krks]a oafprks]a xjhcksa dk ?kj gSA ogha rks jgrk gS ,d flj&fQjk vknehA og fljfQjk ikxy vpkud ikxyiu ls eqDr gksdj vkReksnc ~ ksèke; xhr xkrk gSA og lpsr gks tkrk gSA vpkud dksbZ ?kVuk ughaa gks jgh gS cfYd iwjh dfork ,d Ük`[a kyk esa fijksbZ tk ldrh gS] vkSj dfo vdLekr~] vpkud] èkM+ ls vkfn ds iz;ksx ls ,d vkrad o tkx`fr ykuk pkgrk gSA dkO; uk;d dks yxrk gS fd esjh fuf”Ø; laKk ls gh ‘kgj ij ladV vk x;k gSA ;g vijkèk Hkkouk lkekftd nkf;Ro&cksèk vkSj viuh vkRexzLrrk ds vglkl ls mRiUu gksrh gSA ,dk,d dfo dh psruk mls tkx`r djrh gSA og pkSd a mBrk gSA ,dk,d flj rd FkjFkjh nkSM+ tkrh gSA og D;k gS\ fdldh fpV~Bh gS\ dkSu lk b’kkjk gS\ ;s lkjs loky mlds lkeus mB [kMs+ gksrs gSAa pw¡fd og yksxksa n~okjk igpku fy;k x;k gS vkSj mlus mUgsa uaxk ns[k fy;k gS] ns[k fy, tkus ds dkj.k mldh ryk’k gksrh gS vkSj og Hkkxrk gSA ,dk,d fujk’kk ds {k.kksa esa dkO; uk;d dks iqu% lqxèa k ds :i esa vfHkO;fDr feyrh gSA vius igpku fy, tkus vkSj xksyh dh vkokt lqudj dfo Hkkxrk gS vkSj mls fQj dksbZ liuk fn[krk gSA dfo viuh ledkyhu lkekftd&jktuSfrd fLFkfr;ks&a fodklksa dk ewY;kadu djrk gqvk ckSnf~ /kdrk ds fodkl esa tkrk gSA dfo ekuo fodkl dh fufèk;ksa dks vyx&vyx fcacksa ds ekè;e ls ryk’krk gSA og foLe`r us=ksa ls mudk izdk’k ns[krk gS fQj ef.k;ksa dks gkFkksa esa ysdj foHkksj vk¡[kksa ls ns[krk gS ysfdu og ikrk gS fd os vlyh ughaa gSa\ dfo lkewfgd vopsru ls vius psru esa ykSV vkrk gS & ^vuqHko osnuk] foosd fu”d”kZ@ esjs gh vius ;gk¡ iM+s gq, gSAa * dfo vkarfjd ;FkkFkZ ls ckg~; ;FkkFkZ esa vkoktkgh djrk gS vkSj mldk eu vkanksfyr gks mBrk gSA blh dkj.k dfo ds ckg~; vkSj vkarfjd fopkjksa dh VdjkgV rhoz gks tkrh gSA dfork dk lhu cnyrk gSA vc dfo ckg~; ;FkkFkZ dk lk{kkRdkj djrk gSA dfo ns[krk gS] lqulku lkaoyk pkSjkgk QSyk gS] mlds chp esa ?kaVk?kj gSA ?kaVs dh ?kM+h ds pkj dks.k ;k pkj psgjs gSa tks pkj&pkj erkas vkSj n`f”Vdks.kksa dk ladr s nsrs gSAa dfo flikfg;ks]a feyVªh ‘kklu dks igpku dj Hkkxrk gSA fryd dh ik”kk.k&ewfrZ ls lkeuk gksrs gh fryd ds LoIu dks tku&le>dj dkO; uk;d 79 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 79@^v¡

Hk;kud ftn dksbZ ys cSBrk gSA dfo fryd dk i;kZ; Lora=rk le>rk gSA dfo loky djrk gS fd gekjk tUefln~/k vfèkdkj gesa dgk¡ rd izkIr gks ldk\ vkSj blh {k.k esa foosd dk jank vkSj clwyk pyrk gSA Nkrh esa Bd&Bd flj esa ?kM+&?kM+ dh vkokt lqukbZ nsrh gS & ^foosd dk pyrk rh[kk lk jank@ py jgk clwyk@ Nhys tk jgk esjk ;g futRo dksbAZ * fryd ds ckn xkaèkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gS]a lnhZ esa cksjk vks<s+ gq,A os BaM ls dk¡i jgs gSAa ikl vkus ij fctyh dk >Vdk yxrk gS vkSj xkaèkh th dgrs gSa ^Hkkx tk] gV tk] ge gSa xqtj x, tekus ds psgjs vkxs rw c<+ tkA* xkaèkh th dfo dks vkxs c<+us ds fy, dgrs gSAa xkaèkh ds ckn muds leFkZd muds vkn’kkZa&s ekU;rkvksa dks vkxs c<+k ikus esa iw.kZr;k foQy jgsA xkaèkh th dgrs gSa turk ds xq.kksa ls gh laHko Hkkoh dk mn~Hko] lÙkk ughaa turk eq[; gSA xkaèkh viuh ijaijk dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, dfo dks viuh fojklr ds :i esa f’k’kq dks lkSia rs gSa & ^esjs ikl pqipki lks;k gqvk Fkk ;gA@ laHkkyuk bldks] lqjf{kr j[kukA* dfo xkaèkh th ls izkIr f’k’kq dh fpYykgV] Øksèk dks ns[kdj vR;fèkd izlUu gSAa f’k’kq ds ph[kus ls dfo fopfyr ughaa gksrk & ^fdar]q u tkus D;ksa [kq’k cgqr gw¡A@ ftldks u eSa thou esa dj ik;k] og dj jgk gSA* ,dk,d f’k’kq ds LFkku ij lwjteq[kh Qwy ds xqPNs dfo ds daèkksa ij vk x,A fQj Qwy dk xqPNk xk;c gks tkrk gS] mlds LFkku ij cnad w vk tkrh gSA ifjorZu ;k Økafr vfgalk ls laHko ughaa gS blfy, vfgalk ds LFkku ij cand w dks gh og dkjxj gfFk;kj ekurk gS D;ksfa d xkaèkh dh fojklr esa tks lÙkk feyh og Hkh vfgald rjhds ls ughaAa vr% QkflLV O;oLFkk dks gVkus ;k mldk èoal djus ds fy, jk;Qy gh ,dek= gfFk;kj gks ldrk gSA dykdkj ekjk tkrk gSA dqN dj xqtjus ds langs ds dkj.k mldh gR;k dh tkrh gSA viuk LoIu vkSj thou ds vuqHq ko nwljksa dks nsus ds gh iwoZ og ekjk x;kA vc thou&vkn’kZ] eqfDr dh dkeuk rFkk ,dkar lkèkuk dqN ughaAa dfo dks vkrrk;h lRRkk ds lEeq[k ?ksj dj izdV fd;k tkrk gSA blds i’pkr dfo Lo;a dks iqu% laxfBr djrk gS & ^Hk;kud vkdkj ?ksjrs gSa eq>dks@ eSa vkrrk;h lÙkk ds lEeq[kA* vc bl vkrrk;h QkflLV lRrk dk izfrjksèk djus ds fy, nksLrh dh [kkst vkSj u,&u, lkfFk;ksa dk lkFk t:jh gS ^,dne t:jh nksLrksa dks [kkst¡w@ ikÅ¡ eSa u,&u, lgpj@ ldeZd lr~&fpr~ HkkLdj!!* og nksLrksa vkSj u, lkfFk;ksa dks tqVk Hkh ughaa ik;k fd lRrk ds fonzwiksa n~okjk idM+ fy;k tkrk gSA neu&pØ cukus okys vfèkdkjh [krjukd le>dj mls ihfM+r djrs gSAa mldh fLØfuax djrs gSa & ^VwVs ls LVwy esa fcBk;k x;k gw¡A@‘kh’k dh gM~Mh tk jgh rksMh+ A* vr% neudkjh flj dh gM~Mh rksM+rs gS]a <¡< w rs gS]a eLrd ;a= esa dkSu fopkjksa dh dkSu lh ÅtkZ* dgk¡ izl s gS\ dgk¡ ls ipZs Nirs gS\a * ^bl laLFkk ds lsØVs ªh dh [kkst fudkyks] ‘kk;n mldk uke gh vkLFkk gSA* 80 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 80@^v¡

^dgk¡ gS ljxuk bl VqdM+h dk\* mldh fLØfuax Fkjksyh dh tkrh gSA bu lcds ckotwn dfo vius dks lal s j dh ;kruk ls eqDr djus dh dksf’k’k djrk gSA lRRkk iks”kdksa ds [kw¡Vs esa caèks gksus ds ckotwn i= ds :i esa og viuh ckr nwljksa rd igq¡pkrk gSA dfo NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA iqu% laxfBr gks Økafrdkjh la?k”kZ dh rS;kjh esa tqV tkrk gSA brus esa nwj vkdk’k esa fctyh dh uaxh yrkvksa ls >jrs lQsn] uhys eksfr;ksa] paibZ xqykch Qwy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa tks Økafr vkSj lkSna ;Z ds izrhd gSAa dfo lkjh ;a=.kk] ;kruk ds laHkkfor [krjs mBkdj iwoZ izpfyr lkSna ;Zoknh ewY;ksa dks rksMu + k pkgrk gSA ,sls esa mls vfHkO;fDr dk ladV utj vkrk gS & ^vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs@ mBkus gh gksxa ]s @ rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lcA* vkxs dfo ^v#.k dey* rd igq¡pus ds fy, nqxe Z igkM+kas vkSj >hy ds ty esa èk¡lus dk tks[ke mBkus dks rS;kj gSAa ysfdu dfo dks fofp= vuqHko gksrk gSA og turk ds lkFk vkxs c<+uk pkgrk gS & ^fofp= vuqHko@ ftruk eSa yksxksa dh ik¡rksa dks ikj dj@ c<+rk gw¡ vkxs@ mruk gh ihNs esa jgrk gw¡ vdsykA* dfo tuØkafr dk izjd s cudj Hkh Lo;a esa vdsyk gSA dfo dh gh lr~] fpr~ osnuk lkewfgd :i èkkj.k dj pqdh gSA ysfdu foMacuk gS fd og vdsyk gS & ^fdarq eSa vdsykA@ ckSnf~ /kd tqxkyh esa vius ls nqdy s kA* dfo iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk ij fVIi.kh djrk gS & ^dfork esa dgus dh vknr ugha]a ij dg nw¡@ orZeku lekt esa py ughaa ldrkA@ iw¡th ls tqMk+ gqvk ân; cny ughaa ldrk]@ Lokra™; O;fDr dk oknh@ Ny ughaa ldrk eqfDr ds eu dks]@ tu dksA* dfo ns[krk gS fd eqfDr ds fy, tuØkafr esa uxj ls Hk;kud èkqvk¡ mB jgk gS] ^dgha vkx yx xbZ] dgha xksyh py xbZ gSA* uxj dk okrkoj.k Hk;kog gks mBk gSA dgha vkx yx xbZ] dgha xksyh py xbZ* vyx&vyx fofHkUu lanHkkZas esa iz;Dq r gqvk gSA lM+dksa ij ejs lqulku esa gokvksa esa vn`’; xehZ gSA ;g xehZ Tokykeq[kh dh gSA Tokykeq[kh dh xehZ esa mxz Økafr tulaxBu dh dk;Zokgh & ^lkFk&lkFk ?kwers gS]a lkFk&lkFk jgrs gS@ a lkFk&lkFk lksrs gS]a [kkrs gS]a thrs gS@ a tu&eu mn~n’s ;A* vr% Økafrdkjh ,d gh lkFk ?kwers] jgrs] lksrs vkSj [kkrs gSAa mudk vkSj turk dk ,d gh mn~n’s ; gSA os vius y{; rd igq¡pus ds fy, lrr la?k”kZjr gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh lc pqi gSa & ^lc pqi] lkfgfR;d pqi vkSj dfo eu fuokZd@ ~ xxx@ muds [;ky ls ;g lc xi gS@ ek= fdaonarhA* ,sls rFkkdfFkr cqnf~ /kthoh tks tu ij gksus okys vR;kpkjks]a ;a=.kkvksa ij fo’okl ughaa djrs] dfo O;aX; djrk gS & ^jDrikbZ oxZ ls ukfHkuky&cn~/k ;s lc yksx@ uiql a d Hkksx&f’kjk tkyksa esa my>sA* vr% blhfy, rks dfo ckSnf~ /kd oxZ dh fLFkfr vkSj mldh fu;fr ds lacèa k esa dgrk gS & ^ckSnf~ /kd oxZ gS Øhrnkl]@ fdjk, ds fopkjksa dk mn~Hkkl@ cM+&s cM+s psgjksa ij L;kfg;k iqr xbZA* vkSj cqnf~ èkthoh dh ;gh lcls cM+h VsªftMh gSA ;qodksa ds O;fDrRokarj ls Økafr dk LoIu 81 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 81@^v¡

[kRe ughaa gksrk cfYd] n`<+ gks tkrk gS D;ksfa d ;s ;qod u, tekus ds ;qod gSAa ,sls esa dfo Økafr ds vusd eksgd n`’; ns[krk gS & ^edkuksa ds Nr ls@ xkMj dwn iM+s èke ls@ ?kwe mBs [kaHks@Hk;kud osx ls py iM+s gok esAa * blds vfrfjDr ,d&,d oLrq ,d&,d izk.kkfXu ce gS ;k ce ds cjkcj gSA dfo bUgsa ijekL= iz{ksi.kkL= ekurk gSA ;s lkjh fLFkfr;k¡] bldh izrhd gSa fd tks tgk¡ vkSj ftl fLFkfr esa gS]a Økafr ds fy, lfØ; gks x, gSAa dfo ijaijkxr ,sfrgkfld ifjiz{s ; ds lanHkZ esa vkt dh cnyh gqbZ fLFkfr dks fu:fir djrk gSA iqjkus ;qx vkSj ijaijk ds lkFk iqjkuh ih<+h ;qxksa rd ‘kkldh; ‘kks”k.k] ;kruk >syrh jgh] ysfdu vkt dh ;qok ih<+h ijaijkxr ‘kkldh; ccZjrk] vekuqf”kd Øwjrk vkSj ‘kks”k.k dk var dj u, lekt ds fy, dfVcn~èk gSA ,slk ifjorZu Økafr dk okgd gSA iqu% LoIu ds i’pkr dfo dks lc dqN ;FkkFkZ yxus yxrk gSA rhljh ckj og xSyjh esa [kM+k gksrk gS vkSj iqu% jgL;e; iq#”k dks ns[krk gS & ^xfy;ksa es]a lM+dkas ij] yksxksa dh HkhM+ ea@ s pyk tk jgk gS@ [kkst vkSj miyCèkh ds chp dk n~ona o~ lLisl a gh v¡èksjs es*a dfork dks vn~Hkwr ukVdh;rk iznku djrk gS vkSj eqfDrcksèk mls fujarj <w¡<+rs gSAa og iwjh rjg vfHkO;Dr ughaa gqvk gS] dfo viuh iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr dh ryk’k djrk gSA ^blhfy, eSa gj xyh es@ a vkSj gj lM+d ij@ >k¡d&>k¡d dj ns[krk gw¡ gj ,d psgjkA* vr% dfo dh ryk’k iw.kZrk dh ryk’k gSA ;g iw.kZrk gh Økafr dh ifjiDo fLFkfr gSA bl iw.kZrk ls og Kku dks fØ;k ds :i esa cnyuk pkgrk gSA tc rd Kku ¼vkbfM;k½ fØ;k ¼,sD’ku½ esa :ikarfjr ughaa gksxk] iw.kZrk laHko ughaa gSA dfo dh ryk’k dykdkj dh ryk’k ughaa gSA og lekt dh Hkh ryk’k gSA blhfy, dfo lkslkbVh vkSj viuh vkbMsfa VVh dks ,d dj nsrk gSA vèksjs es*a dfork dh vafre iafDr;k¡ ml vfLerk ;k vkbMafs VVh dh [kkst dh vkSj ladr s djrh gS tks vkèkqfud ekuo dh lcls Toyar leL;k gSA dfork ds var esa iqu% viuh [kksbZ gqbZ vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ,d rjg ls bl dfork dks dkykrhr dj ikBd dks Lisl nsrh gS fd og vius ;qx dh fLFkfr;ksa dks dqN&dqN blh rjg le>dj vkRefujh{k.k dj Økafr dh vksj vxzlj gks] viuh ije vfHkO;fDr dks ik,¡A

82 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 82@^v¡

^v¡èksjs es*a dk f'kYixr oSf'k"V~; & MkW- e`R;qt a ; flag ckg~; thou ds O;kid ;FkkFkZ ds vfrfjDr eqfDrcksèk ds LoHkko vkSj O;fDrRo esa Hkh os dkjd rRo gSa ftuds dkj.k os yach dforkvksa ds dfo gSAa mUgksu a s [kqn viuh yach dforkvksa dks vèkwjh nh?kZ dfork dgk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh yach dfork,¡ ijaijkxr iznh?kZ dforkvksa ls fHkUu rks gSa gh fdarq muesa vk'p;Ztud ,slh ,d:irk Hkh gS fd os ,d gh dfork ds va'kks&a lh izrhr gksrh gSA 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag eqfDrcksèk dh yach dforkvksa dks vkèkqfud fganh dfork dh fof'k"V miyfCèk vkSj ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dks vkèkqfud tu bfrgkl dk ngdrk nLrkost ekurs gSAa 1 ^v¡èksjs es*a u dsoy eqfDrcksèk dh cfYd vkèkqfud fganh dfork dh cgqpfpZr] cgq&fo'ysf"kr dfork gS ftls ukeoj flag us egkdkO;kRed dfork vkSj ubZ dfork dh pje miyfCèk dgk gSA2 Jhdkar oekZ ds vuqlkj bl dfork dk dkO; uk;d eqfDrcksèk ughaa cfYd cspu S ] [kafMr] ttZj] O;xz fganLq rku gS & Lokèkhurk ds ckn dk Hkkjro"kZA3 njvly] ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dh izfrfufèk dfork gh ughaa gS cfYd blesa gesa eqfDrcksèk ds lexz fparu] l`tu vkSj l`tu&izfØ;k dk Js"B izfrQyu Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA mudh vU; dforkvksa ds egRoiw.kZ ladr s vkSj mudh lexz dfork ds ewy lw= Hkh blesa ekStnw gSA lhèks jax&funZ's k dh rjg ^v¡èksjs es*a esa dfork dk ukVdh; izkjaHk gksrk gS & ?kVuk iw.kZ fdarq jgL; vkSj nqfoèkk ds lkFkA ysfdu bruk r; gS fd og dksbZ ,d frfyLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj gSA dkO; uk;d iz'u djrk gS og dkSu\ vkSj brus esa vdLekr~ nhokj ls iyLrj] jsr] iifM+;k¡ fxjus yxrh gSa vkSj ,d HkO; vk—fr vu&igpkuh cu tkrh gSA dkO;&ukVd vfu'p; ls iz'u djrk gS dkSu euq\ vkSj eqfDrcksèk dh QSVa l s h & igkM+h ds ikj] rkykc] vaèksjk] ou&o`{k] ukprh] fctfy;ksa esa foLrkj ikus yxrh gSA rHkh èkM+ ls [kksg dk pV~Vkuh njoktk [kqyrk gS ftlesa vthc&lh yky e'kky ?kqlrh gS ogk¡ tgk¡ jgL; lk{kkr~ jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k yky dqgjs esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 'kadk] xgu lan's k ds lkFk dkO;&uk;d FkjFkjkrs ml iq#"k ds HkO;&lkSE;&nhIr :i dks ns[krk jgrk gSA rHkh dkO;&uk;d dh nqfoèkk [kRe gksrh gS vkSj ;g ml jgL; iq#"k dk [kqyklk dj nsrk gS fd og iq#"k vc rd u izkIr dh tk ldh mldh vfHkO;fDr] iw.kZ voLFkk] vkRek dh izfrHkk vkSj Kku dk ruko gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a vkB [kaM] bdgRRkj can] bdrkyhl i`"B vkSj ckjg lkS bD;kuos iafDr;ksa dh dfork gSA bl dfork esa dFkkud] ukVdh;rk] ifjos'k] iM+rky] LoIu vksj LoIu&Hkax dh bruh lfØ;rk gS fd rst izokg vkSj ifjofrZr n`';ksa ds izHkkoksa ds lkFk var%la?k"kZ vkSj ckg~; ;FkkFkZ dh VdjkgV pyrh jgrh gS 83 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 83@^v¡

vkSj blh VdjkgV ds chp gekjh nqfu;k dk Hk;kog ;FkkFkZ mtkxj gksus yxrk gSA gfj'kadj ijlkbZ us ml le;&[kaM dks ;kn djrs gq, ftlesa rukoiw.kZ vuqHkoksa ls Hkjh ;g dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a fy[kh xbZ] eqfDrcksèk dh eu%fLFkfr dk c;ku bu 'kCnksa esa fd;k gS & ^eqfDrcksèk Hk;adj ruko esa thrs FksA vktdy laU;kl dk nkok cgqr fd;k tk jgk gS exj eqfDrcksèk dk ,d pkSFkkbZ ruko Hkh dksbZ >syrk] rks muls vkèkh mez esa ej tkrkA e`R;q ls nks lky igys os tcyiqj vk, FksA jkr Hkj os cM+cM+krs FksA mu fnuksa mudh iqLrd ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* ij izfrcaèk yx pqdk FkkA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ;gh jpukdky gSA*4 eqfDrcksèk us vfHkO;fDr ds fy, ;gk¡ ftl :ikdkj dk vkfo"dkj fd;k gS og vius vki esa dbZ n`f"V;ksa ls egRoiw.kZ gSA egRoiw.kZ blfy, gS fd izpfyr :ikdkj eqfDrcksèk dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vi;kZIr fln~/k gqvkA eqfDrcksèk vfHkO;fDr vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds iSVuZ ds izfr csgn lpsr dykdkj Hkh FksA lkfgR; dh izpfyr vfHkO;fDr O;oLFkk lnSo vkSj gj ys[kd dks jkl ughaa vkrhA eqfDrcksèk us Lo;a izpfyr vfHkO;fDr vkSj foU;kl ls viuk izLFkku fcanq [kkstk FkkA os dgrs gSa fd vius gh vkH;arjh—r thou&txr ds laons uk&:iksa vkSj vkH;arjh—r ;FkkFkZ ds fcacksa dks izdV djus dk ;fn mlus lkgl Hkh fd;k rks NDds NwV tkrs gS]a D;ksfa d ftl iSVuZ dks vH;klo'k mlus izkIr fd;k gS] ml iSVuZ esa os lek ughaa ldrsA5 bl izdkj eqfDrcksèk vfHkO;fDr vkSj iSVuZ dh ubZ vko';drk dks gh egRoiw.kZ ughaa ekurs cfYd vfHkO;fDr dh fuiq.krk ds izfr ladfq pr n`f"Vdks.k dh HkRlZuk Hkh djrs gSAa ;gh dkj.k gS fd eqfDrcksèk us vius le; esa izpfyr yxHkx lHkh iSVuksZa tSl&s QSVa l s h] izrhd] fcac] o.kZu] vkRedFku] fo'ys"k.k vkfn dk bLrseky fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk gh ughaa fdlh Hkh dfo ds dF; vkSj f'kYi ds chp ,d n~ona o~ kRed fj'rk gksrk gS vkSj blhfy, f'kYi vkSj dF; dks nks i`Fkd [kkuksa esa ck¡Vdj ns[kk ughaa tk ldrkA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds dF; ds vuqlkj mlds f'kYi dh 'kfDr Hkh vn~Hkqr gSA mUgksu a s Hkk"kk ds lzkr s kas dk ftl izdkj nksgu fd;k gS og ledkyhu fganh dfork esa vHkwriwoZ vkSj vuqdj.kh; gSA Nan vkSj y;kRedrk ds ukukfoèk iz;ksxksa ls 'kCnksa ds lkn`'; vkSj lkn`';ewyd lkgp;Z ls] mUgksu a s tks Hkkf"kd ruko vkSj èofu rFkk xfr ds izHkko mRiUu fd, gSa os izek.k gSa fd dykdkj ds ukrs vfHkO;fDr muds fy, fdruh egRoiw.kZ FkhA MkW- jkefoykl 'kekZ dks NksMd + j ekDlZoknh fpardksa dks Hkh mudk f'kYi ekU; gSA dfork esa ukjsckth ds leFkZd Hkh eqfDrcksèk ds f'kYi dks funkZ"s k ekurs gSAa ,sls leh{kd Hkh gSa tks ml dfo ls] ftldh chl&iPphl dfork,¡ Hkh ughaa Nih gksrha] f'kdk;r djrs gSa fd og vius dks nqgjk jgk gSA os Hkh eqfDr ds f'kYi esa gj rjg dk vkSfpR; <w< ¡ + ysrs gSAa :ioknh vkSj dykoknh leh{kd eqfDrcksèk dh yach dfork dk rdZ ysdj mldh 'kfDr vkSj lkS"Bo dk c[kku djrs gSAa okfXerk dks lokZis fj egRo nsus okys Hkh mudh okXLQhfr dh iz'kalk djrs gSAa ets dh ckr ;g gS fd 84 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 84@^v¡

tks leh{kd ,d LFkku ij ;g dgrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk dk f'kYi tfVy vkSj vkReijd gS] ogha mlh i`"B ij rhu iafDr;ksa ds ckn gh fy[krk gS & ^tks eqfDrcksèk ds dkO; ij nq:grk vkSj tfVyrk dk vkjksi yxkrs gSa os bl QSVa l s h dh xfr'khyrk u rks le>rs gSa vkSj u gh ns[k ikrs gSAa *6 eqfDrcksèk ds f'kYi gh ughaa lewps eqfDrcksèk ds lanHkZ esa ;g ifjn`'; cgqr Hkzked vkSj nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA eqfDrcksèk egku vkSj mudk f'kYi fof'k"V blls ughaa gks tkrk fd ge bls funks"Z k fln~/k djus dh gksM+ esa O;Lr gks tk,¡A ^v¡èksjs es*a ,d Lrj&cgqy dfork gS vkSj foy{k.k QSVa l s h ds tfj, vusd Lrjksa ij Hk;kog ;qx&;FkkFkZ dks iz[kjrk ls mn~?kkfVr djrh tkrh gSA ;kuh eqfDrcksèk dk jpUkk&f'kYi ize[q kr% QSVa l s h ij vkèkkfjr gSA eqfDrcksèk dh QSVa l s h dk pfj= D;k gS vkSj :i o dF; ds vHksnRo ds varxZr mudk dF; QSVa l s h esa fdl izdkj vfHkO;Dr gksrk gS] bls le>uk gekjh n`f"V esa vge gSA njvly tc ge ckr dfork dh djrs gSa rks ;g Li"V gS fd dfork dk lacèa k dYiuk ls gSA dYiuk dks 'kfDr Le`fr ls izkIr gksrh gS vkSj dfork dYiuk ls gh 'kCn dk vkdkj xzg.k djrh gSA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh è;ku j[kuk gksxk fd ^QSVa l s h dh jpuk dYiuk izlr w gksrh gS tks LoIu fcacksa ds leku vfHkO;Dr gksrh gS vkSj mueas tks myV&iqyV izkIr gksrk gS] og ,d izdkj ls l`tu&izfØ;k dks lrg ij ^vux<+* vkSj vlacn~èk rks cuk nsrh gS ij vkarfjd laxBu dh n`f"V ls vFkZ ds dlko dks Hkh O;aftr djrh gSA QSVa l s h dh bl lajpuk esa fcacksa vkSj izrhdksa dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gS D;ksfa d QSVa l s h dk :i tSfod gksrk gS] tks dYiuk ds n~okjk l`ftr gksrk gSA*7 eqfDrcksèk dfork ds l`tu esa tc QSVa l s h dks pqurs gSa rks LokHkkfod gS fd bl lajpuk esa gesa fcacksa vkSj izrhdksa dh le`nf~ /k fn[kkbZ nsxhA dYiuk vkSj QSVa l s h nksuksa dh ekufld fØ;k,¡ gSa ysfdu fHkUu&fHkUuA dYiuk izR;sd jpukdkj ds ikl gksrh gS] ;g vko';d gSA ij QSVa l s h lcds ikl ughaa gksrhA tc fdlh jpukdkj ds ikl nksuksa gh 'kfDr gks rks vn~Hkqr f'kYi lkeus vkrk gSA QSVa l s h dh laHkkouk vkSj pfjrkFkZrk ds izfr eqfDrcksèk iwjh rjg vk'oLr FksA mUgsa yxrk gksxk fd ;FkkFkZoknh f'kYi ds ctk; xSj&;FkkFkZoknh f'kYi ds ekè;e ls ledkyhu thou dh Hkwfexr lPpkb;ksa dks izkIr djuk u dsoy foLe;dkjh vuqHko gksxk] cfYd phtksa dks fujko`Rr dkSèa k ds chp lpeqp tkuus dh rjg Hkh gksxkA eqfDrcksèk QSVa l s h ds Lo:i dks Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS & ^QSVa l s h ,d >huk ijnk gS ftlesa thou rF; >k¡d&>k¡d mBrs gSAa QSVa l s h dk rkuk&ckuk dYiuk fcacksa esa izdV gksus okyh fofoèk fØ;k&izfrfØ;kvksa ls gh cuk gqvk gksrk gS] nwljs 'kCnksa esa rF;ksa dk mn~?kkVu vR;ar xkS.k vkSj fodkjiw.kZ gksrk gS] fdarq mu rF;ksa ds izfr dh xbZ fØ;k&izfrfØ;k gh izèkku gksrh gSA*8 ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dks gh ns[ksa rks QSVa l s h vius o.kZu Øe esa lnk ,d lh ughaa jgrhA o.kZu] lacksèku] fcac ,oa izrhd] okrkoj.k fuekZ.k vkSj fQj ls QSVa l s h 85 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 85@^v¡

yxkrkj ,sls gh ;k vny cny ds Øe esa mudh QSVa l s h dk <k¡pk xzg.k djrk gSA v'kksd pØèkj dh ;g fVIi.kh cgqr lVhd gS fd & ^igys os dfork esa QSVa l s h ds ekè;e ls ,d okrkoj.k cukrs gS]a oLrqfLFkfr dks :ikf;r djrs gS]a ;gk¡ fcacksa dh cgqyrk ,oa o.kZukfèkD; gksrk gSA rnuarj dfork esa drkZ mHkjrk gSA drkZ dforkxr oLrqxr ;FkkFkZ ls ifjp; djrk ;k djkrk gSA dforkxr oLrq&;FkkFkZ vkSj drkZ&i{k esa izfrfØ;k,¡ gksrh gSa vkSj ,d dF; lkeus vkus yxrk gSA izrhd vkSj izrhdkHkklksa ls dfork ds vFkZ [kqyus yxrs gSAa ;gha ij dfork dh fLFkfr;ksa ij dfo n~okjk ckgj ls fn, x, oDrO; fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa ,oa QSVa l s h dk ogh Øe vkjaHk gksus yxrk gSA dF; tgk¡ iwjk gksus yxrk gS] dfork lekIr gks tkrh gSA*9 QSVa l s h] fcac] izrhd] LoIu] LoIu ds Hkhrj LoIu vkSj ;wVksih;k dh vusd Hkkon'kk,¡ eqfDrcksèk dh bl dfork esa ekStnw gSA ;n~;fi mudk QSVa l s h dk jpuk&foèkku ,d tfVy izfØ;k rks gS fdarq blesa ;FkkFkZ vkSj LoIu dk dHkh u [kRe gksus okyk n~ona o~ gSA blls mudh QSVa l s h dh fcace;rk Hkh ;FkkFkZ ls lacn~èk gSA QSVa l s h vkSj fcac ds n~okjk eqfDrcksèk dh jpuk&izfØ;k Hk;kudrk ;k ^gkjj* dks tUe nsrh gS vkSj ;g gkjj csekuh ughaa gS D;ksfa d bl gkjj dks mUgksu a s ckSnf~ èkd rFkk laons ukRed izfØ;k eas <kydj izLrqr fd;k gSA mnkgj.kLo:i ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds NBs [kaM ds izkjaHk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tgk¡ xqacn&fooj esa cSBs o`nè~ k vlaHko i{kh lc vksj rst utjksa ls ns[krs gSa ekuks Hk;kud bjkns pedrs gSAa lqulku pkSjkgk x'r djrh gqbZ nq"V bPNk vkSj Hk;kud flikgh tkus fdl Fkdh gqbZ >kSd a es@ a v¡èksjs esa lqyxkrk flxjsV vpkud@ rkacs ls psgjs dh ,sB a >ydrh@ 10 iFkjhyh lyoV@ fn;k flykbZ dh iy Hkj ykS es@ a Hk;kud fn[krhA ;g LFkkiR; xq.k ^v¡èksjs es*a dh cgqr cM+h rkdr gSA ;g flikgh cand w ksa vkSj VSd a ksa dks ns[krk [kM+k gSA dkO; uk;d viuh ifjfpr eqnkz esa Hkkxrk gS vkSj fryd dh ik"kk.k ewfrZ ds ikl igq¡p tkrk gS vkSj ns[krk gS fd ewfrZ ds ru ls vaxkj >j jgs gSAa vk¡[kksa esa fctyh ds Qwy lqyx jgs gSAa rHkh ewfrZ dh ukfldk ls jDr&lzko gksus yxrk gSA Lokèkhurk ds fy, la?k"kZ vkSj vkReksRlxZ fd, x, mldh ,d Hkz"V O;oLFkk esa ifj.kfr dh vksj ;gk¡ ladr s gSA vkxs c<+us ij dkO;&uk;d dk iaxq xkaèkh th ls lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA xkaèkh th mls ;g dgdj vkxs c<+us dk ijke'kZ nsrs gSa & ^Hkkx tk gV tk@ ge gaS xqtj x, tekus ds psgjs@ vkxs rw c<+ tk@ turk ds xq.kksa ls gh laHko@ Hkkoh dk mn~HkoA*11 xkaèkh th mls ,d f'k'kq lkSia vn`'; gks tkrs gSAa ;g QSVa l s h dh gh rkdr gS fd bl rjg ds peRdkj dks u dsoy fo'oluh; cukrh gS cfYd ledkyhu ;FkkFkZ ds ifjiz{s ; esa mldh vFkZoRRkk Hkh c<+krh gSA eqfDrcksèk dk fopkj gS fd tks dqN vkt v;FkkFkZ yx jgk gS ogh dy lR; gSA muds 'kCn gSa & ^eSa fopj.k djrk&lk gw¡ ,d QSVa l s h es@ a ;g fuf'pr gS fd QSVa l s h 12 dy okLro gksxhA* LoIu&nj&LoIu ;g dfork vkdfLedrk] ukVdh;rk vkSj peRdkj dh 86 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 86@^v¡

fo'oluh;rk dk;e j[krs gq, lekt O;oLFkk dh tM+rk vkSj lRRkk dh LokFkZijdrk dks rks mtkxj djrh gh gS lkFk gh eè;oxZ vkSj cqnf~ /kthoh oxZ dh ykHk&yksHk dh o`fRRk ls mRiUu fuf"Ø;rk dh iz[kj vkykspuk Hkh djrh gSA blhfy, mudh QSVa l s h fcac gS] oDrO; gS vkSj fo'ys"k.kkRed oDrO; HkhA nwèkukFk flag ds 'kCn gSa & ^eqfDrcksèk 'kCn fcacksa dk rks y;kRed mi;ksx djrs gh gSa & blds vykok os iwjs o.kZu dks ,d lexz fcac cuk nsrs gSAa muds ;gk¡ ,d iwjk&dk&iwjk LVSt a k ,d fcac gkrk gSA*13 chp&chp esa xkaBnkj iwjd fcac Hkh gSa tks >Vds ds lkFk ped [kksyrs gSa vkSj izk;% gj LVSt a k esa ,slh dksb&Z u&dksbZ fcac xkaB èkkjnkj vFkZ&{k.kksa dk fuekZ.k djrh pyrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh yach dforkvksa esa vDlj bl izdkj dk ?kfVr gksrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dk ;g LVSt a k ns[kk tk ldrk gS & ^jkg ds iRFkj&<ksdksa ds vanj@ igkM+kas ds >jus@ rM+ius yx x,@ feV~Vh ds yksna s ds Hkhrj@ HkfDr dh vfXu dk mnzd s @ HkM+dus yx x;k@ èkwy ds d.k es@ a vugn ukn dk daiu@ [krjukd edkuksa dh Nr ls@ xkMj dwn iM+s èkEe ls@ ?kwe jgs [kaHks@ Hk;kud osx ls py iM+s gok es@ a nknk dk lksVa k Hkh djrk gS nk¡o&isp a @ ukprk gS gok es@ a xuu esa ukp jgh dDdk dh ykBh@ ;gk¡ rd fd cPps dh is&a isa mM+rh@ rsth ls ygjkrh ?kwerh gS gok es@ a lysV&iV~VhA@ ,d&,d oLrq ;k ,d&,d izk.kkfXu ce gS]@ ;s ijekL= gS] iz{ksikL= gS] ;e gS@ 'kwU;kdk'k esa ls gksrs gq, os@ vjs] vfj ij gh VwV iM+s vfuokjA@ ;g dFkk ughaa gS] ;g lc lp gS] gk¡ HkkbZA@ dgha vkx yx xbZ] dgha xksyh py xbZA*14 ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ;g iwjk LVSt a k gh Økafr dk lfp= o.kZu djrk gSA Økafr ds bl n`'; dks eqfDrcksèk Li"V vkSj fcackRed ?kVkVksi esa is'k djrs gSAa izrhd oLrq,¡ vkSj mUgha ls tqMs+ 'kCn&fcac&jkg ds iRFkj feV~Vh ds yksna ]s vfXu dk mnzd s ] èkwy ds d.k] LysV&iV~Vh vkfn vyx&vyx laons ukRed foLrkj vkSj dF; dh l?kurk dks O;Dr djrs gq, Økafr dh ?kVuk vkSj mlds n`'; ds iwjs fooj.k&o.kZu ds fcac ds iwjd cu tkrs gSAa v¡èksjs es*a dfork dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd & bldk fcac&foèkku bruk ?kuk gS fd vFkZ dh fufgfr ,d fcac esa u gksdj muds fcacksa ds xBu esa gSA*15 Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, eqfDrcksèk us Hko fcacksa dk cM+h dq'kyrk ls vius dkO; esa iz;ksx fd;k gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ls ^d#.k* vkSj ^Hk;kud* nks Hkko fcacksa dk mnkgj.k nz"VO; gS& ^d#.k* % ^--eSa vius dejs es@ a ;gk¡ iM+k gqvk gw¡A@ vk¡[ksa [kqyh gqbZ gS]a @ ihVs x, ckyd lk ekj [kk;k psgjk@ mnkl bdgjk]@ LysV iV~Vh ij [khaph xbZ rLohj@ Hkwr tSlh vk—fr@ D;k og eSa gw¡@ eSa gw¡\*16 ^Hk;kud* % ^rkykc ds vkl&ikl esa ou&o`{k@ ped&ped mBrs gSa gjs&Hkjs vpkud@ o`{kksa ds 'kh'k ij ukp ukp mBrh gSa fctfy;k¡@ 'kk[kk,¡] Mkfy;k¡] >wedj >iVdj@ ph[k] ,d nwljh ij iVdrh gSa flj fd vdLekr~&@ o`{kksa ds v¡èksjs esa fNih gqbZ fdlh ,d@ fryLeh [kksg dk f'kyk&n~okj@[kqyrk gS èkM+ lsA*17 87 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 87@^v¡

dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ughaa fd eqfDrcksèk ds f'kYii{k dh 'kfDr fcac ;kstuk esa fufgr gSA muds n~okjk iz;Dq r iz[kj fcacksa us mudh vfHkO;fDr dks vfr'k; Li"V cuk;k gSA fcacksa dk vkJ; ysdj dfo us vius le; ds uaxs ;FkkFkZ dks fpf=r fd;k gSA bUgha fcacksa ds dkj.k dkO; laons uk dk Hkkf"kd :ikarj.k vR;ar iz[kj gks ldk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh fcac ;kstuk dh mR—"Vrk mUgsa ledkyhu dfo;ksa esa fof'k"V LFkku iznku djrh gSA ;g lc gksrs gq, Hkh eqfDrcksèk dh ;g dfork 'kCnksa dh ,d fof'k"V nqfu;k gSA 'kCnksa dh vkSj Hkh fofoèkrk,¡ gSAa eqfDrcksèk ds ;gk¡ muds 'kCnksa ds lzkr s futh Le`fr vkSj lkewfgd Le`fr nksuksa Lrjksa ij gS vkSj 'kCnksa ds cgqrjs s fgLlksa dks izrhd ewY; izkIr gqvk gSA bl dfork esa izrhd dh Hkwfedk reke vkSj phtksa dh rjg dkQh QSyh gqbZ gSA eqfDrcksèk LoIu] vrhr] bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr ls vius izrhd xzg.k djrs gSAa xkaèkh] fryd] rkyLrk; dks eqfDrcksèk us izrhd ds :i esa pquk gSA ;s izrhd mudh futh izrhd l`f"V ds varxZr fy, tk ldrs gSAa ,slk djrs gq, mUgksu a s vius O;kid&n`f"Vdks.k dks bfrgkl ds izfr bZekunkjh cjrus dh eqnkz esa izLrqr fd;k gSA Hkys gh blls mudh dfork esa foLrkj vk x;k gksA ^euq* dk izrhd jgL;e;] LoIuor gS vkSj og vkRek dk] ije vfHkO;fDr dk izrhd gSA bl dfork esa ^f'k'kq* dk Hkh izrhd :i esa bLrseky gqvk gS tks eqfDrcksèk dk fiz; :ikdkj gSA f'k'kq lR; dk] vuqHko dk vkSj =Lr orZeku esa vk'kafdr Hkfo"; dk izrhd gSA njvly eqfDrcksèk ds izrhd vkSj fcac QSVa l s h esa bl rjg xq¡Fks gq, gSa fd mudh i`Fkd igpku mlh rstLoh vFkZ ds lkFk QSVa l s h ds ckgj eqf'dy gksus yxrh gSA eqfDrcksèk us lewps lalkj dh [kwc ifjfpr phtksa dks ubZ vkSj [kkl n`f"V ls ns[kk vkSj mUgsa vuqHkoksa ls tksMd + j bl rjg izLrqr fd;k fd muesa [kkl vFkZ eqnkz ,¡ vkSj Nk;k,¡ thus yxh gSAa eqfDrcksèk ds f'kYi ds lkFk gh mudh 'kSyh Hkh de egRoiw.kZ ughaa gSA D;ksfa d eqfDrcksèk us QSVa l s h ds xgu f'kYi ds ckotwn vU; :iksa dk Hkh bLrseky bl dfork esa fd;k gS tks egRoiw.kZ gSA ;ksa rks if'pe esa :i vkSj 'kSyh dks i`Fkd ekuk x;k gS ij gekjs ;gk¡ ;g Hksn ekStnw ughaa gSA fQj Hkh ;g vko';d ughaa fd gj dfo bl :<+ ikjaifjdrk ls caèkk gh jgsA fQj dbZ ckj ge pw¡fd ml ij i`Fkd ls fopkj ughaa djrs blfy, gesa og pht :i esa ?kqyh feyh eglwl gksus yxrh gS vkSj fQj dbZ ckj [kkldj eqfDrcksèk ds izlxa ea]sa fo'ks"k :i esa mudh jpukRed izfrcn~/krk ds loky ls tqM + r + s gq, ge 'kSyh dks Hkwy tkrs gSAa gesa yxrk gS fd pkgs vuk;kl gh eqfDrcksèk us viuh ,d 'kSyh fodflr dh gSA muds f'kYi ds tfVy rkus&ckus esa gesa og :i esa ?kqyh&feyh xM+cM+ gksrh Hkys eglwl gks ij mldk i`Fkd ls egRo gSA ;fn xkSj djsa rks eqfDrcksèk esa ,d dFkkrRo QSVa l s h gks ;k QSVa l s h ls brj jpuk&cjkcj ekStnw jgrh gSA bl dFkk esa LokHkkfod gh o.kZu dk iqV T;knk gksrk gSA QSVa l s h rks ize[q kr% o.kZu gh gksrh gS blfy, eqfDrcksèk 88 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 88@^v¡

vDlj viuh dFkk dk ladr s o.kZu 'kSyh esa nsrs gSAa blfy, lacksèkuijd o.kZu Hkh mudh 'kSyh dk gh oSf'k"V~; gSA v¡èksjs es*a dfork ij xkSj djsa rks gesa cjkcj ;g yxsxk fd ogka ,d dFkk izokg fujarj ekStnw gSA LFkwy o.kZukRedrk esa Hkh vkSj oSpkfjd rFkk HkkoukRed vfUofr eas HkhA blhfy, mudh dforkvksa esa FkhesfVd èkkj.kk cgqr Li"V gSA ;g ^Fkhe* Hkh ^dFkkrRo* dk gh ,d ize[q k vkèkkj gS pw¡fd ;g dfork esa gS blfy, ;gk¡ mldk lacèa k O;k[;kRed #fp ls gS tks eqfDrcksèk esa vfèkd gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds 'kq:vkr ls gh yxrk gS fd ,d v¡èksjs dejs esa dksbZ ,d yxkrkj pDdj yxk jgk gSA og dkSu gS\ eqfDrcksèk ;gk¡ iz'ukdqy gksdj lksprs gS]a og euq gSA og ije vfHkO;fDr gSA Økafr dk ladr s gS ftls izkIr djuk gS vkSj mls izkIr djus dh pkg esa dfork esa QSVa l s h foLrkj izkIr djrh gSA ;kuh o.kZu vkSj dgkuh vkSj blesa Hkh jgL;e; okrkoj.k dks iSnk djus okyh 'kSyh dk :i eqfDrcksèk dks fiz; gSA blh ds lkFk gh ukVdh; lajpuk Hkh eqfDrcksèk dh 'kSyh dk gh vax gSA bl lajpuk esa tgk¡ ,d vksj vuojr ,dkyki gS] vkRekyki gS ogha layki Hkh gS vkSj laokn HkhA v'kksd oktis;h us dgk gS & ^;g xkSj djus dh ckr gS fd izk;% gj dfork esa uk;d ds vykok ,d izrhdkRed vkSj vkIrokph pfj= gSA bl pfj= ds ekè;e ls gh dfo var%dj.k dks vihy djrk gSA ysfdu ;g vihy flQZ HkkokRed ugha]a cfYd bls ml fo'ys"k.k n~okjk leFkZu feyrk gS] tks ;g pfj= vDlj izLrqr djrk gSA*18 ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork esa xkaèkh] fryd] rkyLrk;] ikxy rFkk lkfgfR;d dfo tu vkfn yxkrkj os pfj= gSa tks dfork dks ukVdh; lajpuk vkSj xfr nsrs gSAa ;s ik=ksa ;k pfj=ksa dh rjg gh iz;Dq r gksdj dfork esa fØ;kRed vkSj laoknkRed fgLlsnkjh fuHkkrs gS]a tSls & ^vks esjs vkn'kZoknh eu@ vks esjs fln~/kkaroknh eu@vc rd D;k fd;k@thou D;k ft;kA*19 ;g flQZ ,dkyki ughaa laokn 'kSyh dk iz;ksx Hkh gSA bl izdkj pkgs ,dkyki gks] vkRekyki gks] lacksèku gks og ukVdh; lajpuk esa laokn 'kSyh dk gh mnkgj.k gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;Hkk"kk muds fopkjksa dh rjg Lora= rFkk ekSfydrk ds xq.k ls vksrizkr s gSA yhd ls gVdj pyus okys eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk ijaijkvksa vkSj O;kdj.k dh eksgrkt ughaa gSA 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag us fy[kk gS fd ^g¶rksa cfYd eghuksa os ¼eqfDrcksèk½ viuh yach dfork ds VqdM+ksa dks èkhjs&èkhjs fparu vkSj dYiuk dh ÅtkZ ls iq"V djrs] tksM+rs vkSj c<+krs vkSj mldh var%;kstukvksa dks n`<+ djrs tkrsA*20 ;g dFku Hkk"kk ds Lrj ij eqfDrcksèk dh ltxrk dk ifjp; nsrk gSA la?k"kZ ds dkj.k eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk ,d vuwBk rsoj n`f"Vxr gksrk gSA dqN yksx ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk 'kCn&p;u dh n`f"V ls dkQh ÅcM+&[kkcM+ yxrh gSA cksypky ds lkèkkj.k 'kCn ds chp dqN brus vtuch leklcn~/k laL—rfu"B 'kCn vk tkrs gSa fd tcku yM+[kM+k tkrh gSA eqfDrcksèk us viuh Mk;jh esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd ^tks dfo Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k djrk gS] 89 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 89@^v¡

fodkl djrk gS] og fu%langs egku dfo gSA*21 ysfdu ^eqfDrcksèk Hkk"kk ds fy, dkO;rRo dh cfy nsus ds i{k esa ughaa FksA*22 Hkk"kk ds izfr eqfDrcksèk vfr'k; tkx:d vkSj lrdZ FksA ng'kr Hkjs lalkj dh Hk;kud okLrfodrk dks d#.kk] R;kx] Hk; ds lkFk gh os vkReeqfDr ls ekuoeqfDr vkSj Økafr dh rstfLork ls tksMr + s gq, ekuoh; =klnh dh xkFkk dgrs gSAa ukeoj flag dh ;g lVhd LFkkiuk gS fd & ^dfo eqfDrcksèk ds fy, vfLerk dh [kkst O;fDr dh [kkst ughaa cfYd vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst gSA ,d dfo ds ukrs muds fy, ije vfHkO;fDr gh vfLerk gSA Hkk"kk LoHkkor% bl vfHkO;fDr dk vkèkkj gSA*23 eqfDrcksèk dh jpuk&izfØ;k esa ,slk xq#Rokd"kZ.k dsna z gS fd 'kCn vkils vki f[kapdj vkus yxrs gSAa Hkk"kk dk n~ona o~ vkSj la?k"kZ Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA Hkk"kk dh viuh ,d ewy izo`fRr gksrh gS vkSj dfo ds vewrZ fopkjksa ls Vdjkdj og mlds vuq:Ik <yrh gSA ,d leFkZ dkO; Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, eqfDrcksèk viuh iwoZ ijaijk ls gh ugha]a Kku&foKku vkSj BsB thou dh 'kCnkoyh ls Hkh tqMr + s gSAa bl tqMk+ o esa eqfDrcksèk dh cspu S h vkSj viuh ckr dks csgn Li"V djus dh O;xzrk fojkV dsuokl vkSj O;kid dF; dh gypy esa Nqih gqbZ gSA eqfDrcksèk ds fy, leL;k flQZ leL;k ughaa jgrh cfYd os leL;k dks vlarks"k] la?k"kZ vkSj pqukSrh ds lkFk mBkrs gSAa ^vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkus gh gksxa *s ls tqMs+ vk'k; flQZ dF; ds èkjkry ij gh ughaa cfYd :i] 'kSyh vkSj Hkk"kk ds Lrj ij Hkh mrus gh egRoiw.kZ gSA blfy, eqfDrcksèk ds fy, ^Hkk"kkxr vfHkO;fDr thou dh vfHkO;fDr ls tqMh+ gqbZ gSA*24 bl vFkZ esa fu'p gh fofHkUu lzkr s ksa ls izkIr Hkk"kk ds midj.kks]a 'kCnks]a inks]a eqgkojksa dh ubZ l`tukRed lajpuk djrs gq, eqfDrcksèk vius dF; ds vuq:i viuh dkO;&Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa [kkSQukd vkSj cnjax ;FkkFkZ ds oLrq&txr esa 'kqHk vkSj vkrad] vk'kk vkSj fujk'kk ds chp vlarks"k rFkk ladYi dh lajpuk esa eqfDrcksèk ,d n~ona o~ vkSj ruko dh xfr vkSj foLrkj dks lkèkrs gSAa blhfy, mudh dkO;Hkk"kk ,d lkFk laL—rfu"B] BsB] LoIue; vkSj vux<+ gS] fdarq mlesa nhfIr gS] otu gS vkSj og >a—r djrh gSA eqfDrcksèk us ftl Hkk"kk ds n~okjk ^v¡èksjs es*a dh QSVa kfLVd nqfu;k dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS] og viuh 'kfDr vkSj lkSna ;Z esa cstksM+ gSA uanfd'kksj uoy dk fopkj gS fd & ^LoHkkor% ;g dfork Hkk"kk dh iwoiZ p z fyr iz.kkyh dks rksMd + j ,d ,slh Hkk"kk esa jph xbZ gS] tks ftruh gh ^vdkO;kRed* gS] mruh gh ^dkO;kRed* HkhA blesa Hkk"kk ds vusd Lrj izdV gq, gSa vkSj lHkh Lrj ,d nwljs ij fØ;k&izfrfØ;k djrs gq, bl dfork dks ,sls rst vkSj yko.; ls Hkj nsrs gS]a tSlk rst vkSj yko.; vkèkqfud dky esa ^jke dh 'kfDriwtk* ds igys fdlh dfork esa u fn[kykbZ iM+k FkkA*25 ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork esa iz;Dq r Hkk"kk dk ,d :i og gS] ftlesa laL—r 'kCnksa ds n~okjk vkstLoh n`';kadu fd;k x;k gSA bl mnkgj.k esa laL—r 'kCnksa ds lkFk gh vthc* tSls fotkrh; 'kCn dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA ,sl]s 'kCn laL—r 'kCnksa ls fufeZr 90 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 90@^v¡

Hkk"kk dks tM+hHkwr gksus ls cpkrs gSa & ^rstksiHz kke; mldk yykV ns[k@ esjs vax&vax esa vthc ,d Fkj&FkjA@ xkSjo.kZ] nhIr&n`x] lkSE;eq[k@ laHkkfor Lusg&lk fiz; :i ns[kdj@ foy{k.k 'kadk]@ HkO; vktkuqHkwt ns[krs gh lk{kkr@ xgu ,d lansgA*26 bl dfork esa cgqr lkjs ,sls LFky gS]a tgk¡ miU;kl vkSj dgkuh dh ljy Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA muesa izk;% ,d fp= ,slk t:j gksrk gS] tks o.kZu dks dkQh Åij mBkdj dkO;Ro ds èkjry ij izfrf"Br dj nsrk gS] tSls & ^lwuh gSa jkg vthc gSa QSyko@ lnZ vaèksjkA@ <hyh vk¡[kksa ls ns[krs gSa fo'o@ mnkl rkjsA@ gj ckj lksp vkSj gj ckj vQlksl@ gj ckj fQØ@ ds dkj.k c<+s gq, nnZ dk ekuks fd nwj ogk¡] nwj ogk¡@ vafèk;kjk ihiy nsrk gS igjk@ gokvksa dh fu%lax ygjksa esa dk¡irh@ dqRRkksa dh nwj&nwj vyx&vyx vkokt@ Vdjkrh jgrh fl;kjksa dh èofu lsA*27 blesa o.kZu dks Åij mBkus okyk fp= gS & ^c<+s gq, nnZ dk vafèk;kjk ihiyA* ukeoj flag dk dFku gS] ^tgk¡ mudh Hkk"kk fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr djrh gS & Hkk"kk dk <k¡pk nwljk gS] tgk¡ og lhèks Hkk"kkos'k dh vfHkO;fDr djrh gS & fcYdqy gh ,d nwljh Hkk"kk gS] vis{kk—r ljy gS] vklku gS vkSj osx gS ml Hkk"kk esa vkSj tgk¡ os fdlh ?kVuk dk o.kZu djrs gS]a cgqr gh n`'; izHkko iSnk djrs gSa & [kkl rkSj ls tqyl w dk o.kZu tgk¡ mUgksu a s fd;k gSA*28 vFkkZr dF; ds vuq:i Hkk"kk dk fetkt cnyrk jgrk gSA dF; esa mrkj&p<+ko ,d yacs vkRela?k"kZ vkSj mlls mRiUu lrr n~ona o~ xzLrrk vkSj ruko dh otg ls gSA ;g ruko iwjh rjg dfork dk pfj= Hkh gS vkSj ;g Hkk"kk dks Hkh coaMje; cukrk gSA blhfy, dkO;kRed Hkk"kk ds izfrdwy tkusokys xq.kks]a tSls & dBksjrk] >Vds] foLrkj vkfn dks Hkh eqfDrcksèk us fu;af=r dj dkO;Hkk"kk esa cnyk gS vkSj ;g muds Hkhrjh vkos'k ls laHko gqvk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk esa ejkBh dk iz;ks x Hkh cgqyrk ls gqvk gSA ;g iz;ksx rqdksa es]a ek= 'kCn&iz;ksx eas gh ugha]a okD;&foU;kl eas fØ;kRed var ds :i esa Hkh gqvk gS & ^brus esa vdLekr~ fxjrs gSa Hkhr ls--A xgu jgL;e; vaèkdkj èofu&lk@ vfLrRo tukrkA*29 ^mldks rw [kkst vc@ mldk rw 'kksèk djA*30 ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork esa foLe;kfncksèkd fpg~uksa dk bruk vfèkd mi;ksx gqvk gS fd dfork eas ckj&ckj vk, ^,dk,d*] ^vpkud*] ^lglk*] ^brus esa vdLekr~* vkSj ^brus es*a gh dh rjg os Hkh ,slk gh vFkZ izdV djus yxrs gSAa blh izdkj ^rks*] ^Hkh*] ^drbZ*] ^okdbZ*] ^lpeqp*] ^fd*] ^ekuks* dh ck<+ vk xbZ gSA pand z kar nsorkys ds 'kCn gSa & ^Hkk"kk dk vux<+iu] vtuchiu vkSj vViVkiu eqfDrcksèk esa cjkcj ekStnw jgkA mUgksu a s Hkkf"kd y; dk izokg'khy vk;kstu Hkh djrs gq, 'kCnksa dk vuko';d ncko Lohdkj fd;k vkSj Lora=rkiwod Z fQtwy[kphZ Hkh dhA fn~oHkkf"kdrk dk egRoiw.kZ rF; Hkh muesa Hkk"kk&xzafFk ds :i esa 91 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 91@^v¡

ekStnw jgkA*31 mudh dfork dh Hkk"kk MkW- cPpu flag ds fy, ^laL—rfu"B gS] fujkyk dh Hkk"kk dh rjgA* ogha os ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd ^tgk¡ rd ÅtkZ ds ltZu dk iz'u gS] eqfDrcksèk fujkyk ds mÙkjkfèkdkjh gSAa ij fujkyk esa fo"k;oLrq] Hkk"kk 'kSyh dh tks fofoèkrk fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og eqfDrcksèk esa ughaa gSA* ;g ekuuk gksxk fd ,d l`tu'khy dfo ds :i esa mUgsku a s dkO; Hkk"kk ds nk;js dks vo'; rksMk+ gS ftls ukeoj flag us ^[kqjnqjh yxrs gq, Hkh viuh vFkZoRrk esa tkunkj vkSj fujkyk ds leku ds leku gh rstfLØ; Hkk"kk*33 ekuk gSA ;gk¡ gesa ;g ekuuk gksxk fd eqfDrcksèk us ,d jpukdkj ds ukrs Hkk"kk dk l`tukRed bLrseky rks fd;k fdarq izlxa vkSj lanHkZ dh vFkZ&moZjk Hkwfe ij 'kCn vkSj lewg dks l`tukRed vFkZoRRkk iznku djus ds ekeys esa mudk Hkkf"kd iz;ksx iwjh rjg lQy ughaa gSA eqfDrcksèk fujarj ,d vlaHko dfork ds fy, la?k"kZ djrs jgsA ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst vafre dfork esa Hkh tkjh jgrh gSA ;g ije vfHkO;fDr dkO;kRed ;k Hkkf"kd vkn'kZ ughaa gSA ;g ml lR; jpukRed varnZf` "V ds fcuk vlaHko gS tks vkReh; fdarq nq[knkbZ <ax ls ckg~; lalkj ij fuHkZj gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork u dsoy gekjh vkRek ds rh{; n~ona o~ dks mdsjrh gS cfYd gekjs LoIu dks Hkh lqLi"V vkdkj iznku djrh gSA ;g lc djrs gq, ;g ,d egku dfork Hkh gSA ;gh bldh lcls cM+h lkFkZdrk vkSj vkèkqfud fganh dfork dh miyfCèk gSA eqfDrcksèk vkt Hkh fganh dfork gh ughaa lkfgR; ds dsna hz ; jpukdkj gSAa blls muds l`tu vkSj dF; dh izklafxdrk Lor% izdV gksrh gSA mudh O;kid 'kCn&laink esa lqjf{kr mudh Hkko&;k=kvksa dk vuqHko&bfrgkl mudh xgjh layXurk vkSj izfrcn~/krk dk nLrkost gSA lanHkZ 1- 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS ¼Hkwfedk½] i`- 27 2- MkW- ukeoj flag] dfork ds u, izfreku] i`- 244 3- Jhdkar oekZ] ftjg] i`- 50 4- MkW- ijekuan JhokLro] dfork dk ikB vkSj dkO;eeZ] i`- 69 5- la- usfepanz tSu] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh Hkkx&5] i`- 264 6- v'kksd pØèkj] eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;&izfØ;k] i`- 90 7- MkW- ohjsanz flag] eqfDrcksèk% dkO; cksèk dk u;k ifjizs{;] i`- 62 8- eqfDrcksèk] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`- 31 9- v'kksd pØèkj] eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;&izfØ;k] i`- 91 10- la- usfepanz tSu] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 367 11- la- usfepanz tSu] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 368 12- la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 115 13- nwèkukFk flag] vkRegark vkLFkk% fujkyk] i`- 155&56 14- la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 312&13 15- MkW- ohjsanz flag] eqfDrcksèk% dkO; cksèk dk u;k ifjizs{;] i`- 71 16- la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 235 17- ogh] i`- 262&63

92 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 92@^v¡

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v'kksd oktis;h] fQygky] i`- 121&22 la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 283 pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS ¼Hkwfedk ls½ eqfDrcksèk] ,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`- 28 ogh] i`- 18 MkW- ukeoj flag] dfork ds u, izfreku] i`- 242 ogh] i`- 243 uanfd'kksj uoy] fujkyk vkSj eqfDrcksèk % pkj yach dfork,¡] i`- 170 la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 275 ogh] i`- 268 MkW- ukeoj flag] dye] vad 6&7] i`- 53&54 la- Jhdkar oekZ] pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] i`- 266 ogh] i`- 273 panzdkar nsorkys] eqfDrcks/k% dfork vkSj thou&foosd] i`- 251 MkW- cPpu flag] ledkyhu fganh lkfgR;] i`- 70 MkW- ukeoj flag] dfork ds u, izfreku] i`- 243

93 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 93@^v¡

95 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 95@^vยก

eqfDrcksèk dks le>us ds fy, fopkjd eqfDrcksèk gkftj gks & izk-s fnfod jes'k dfo xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ la[;k dh n`f"V ls vU; fdrus gh dfo;ksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh de Bgjrha gSA ladyu rks nks gh gSa vkSj os Hkh mudh e`R;q ds ckn vk ldsA mudh izkjafHkd dforkvksa dk ,d ifjp;] vc ,sfrgkfld egRo dk dfork&ladyu gks pqd]s ^rkj lIrd* esa feyrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh l'kDr dforkvksa ds ladyu ds :i esa izfrf"Br fd, x, ladyu ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* ds vkjaHk es]a muds ifjp; vkSj ewY;kdau ds :i esa dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag dk yack ys[k gS & ^,d foy{k.k izfrHkk* ftlesa 'ke'ksj th us fy[kk gS & ^eqfDrcksèk dh dqN yach dfork,¡ vkèkqfud fganh dkO; dks fof'k"V nsu gS ftuesa ^v¡èksjs es*a ize[q k gS tks bl laxgz esa ladfyr gSA ;g dfork ns'k ds vkèkqfud tu&bfrgkl dk] Lora=rk&iwoZ vkSj i'pkr dk ,d ngdrk bLikrh nLrkost gSA blesa vtc vkSj vn~Hkqr :i ls O;fDr vkSj tu dk ,dhdj.k gSA ns'k dh èkjrh] gok] vkdk'k] ns'k dh lPph eqfDr] vkdka{kh ul&ul blesa QM+d jgh gS ---A vkSj Hkoukvksa ds vusd xqfEQr Lrjksa ijA blds cgqr ls va'k fidklks ds fo'o&izfln~èk fp= tSlk gh izHkko Mkyrs gSAa ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dh ,d ,slh gh dfork gS] ftlesa mudh dkO;kRed 'kfDr ds vusd rRo feydj ?kqy&feydj ,d egku jpuk dh l`f"V djrs gS]a tks jksekuh gksrs gq, Hkh vR;fèkd ;FkkFkZoknh vkSj ,dne vkèkqfud gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh dlkSVh ij mldks tk¡pk tk,] eSa dgw¡xk fd og vkèkqfud ;qx dh dforkvksa esa lokZis fj Bgjrh gSA mlds fcac vkSj izrhd vkSj ladr s vkSj lanHkZ] 'kCn vkSj èofufp= cM+h xgjh vkSj fofoèk xwt ¡ as gekjh Hkkoukvksa esa Hkj tkrs gSAa bl dfork dk gekjh vej jk"Vªh; dforkvksa esa 'kqekj gksxk] eq>s blesa fdafpr Hkh langs ughaAa blls iwoZ fd blh ys[k ds dqN vU; vfr egRoiw.kZ fcanv q ksa dh vksj è;ku fnykÅ¡] crkuk pkgw¡xk fd ^rkj lIrd* ds igys leh{kd ds :i eas fy[ks vius ys[k lkr ^vkèkqfud fganh dfo* ¼u;k lkfgR;] Hkkx ,d] 1946½ esa blh dfo vFkkZr 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag us xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk ls yxHkx fujk'k gksdj fy[kk Fkk] ^xtkuu eqfDrcksèk dh vfHkO;fDr muds dyk&izdkjksa ds vuq:i lw{e vkSj iq"V ughaa gSA xtkuu eqfDrcksèk viuh vkarfjd fofu"V 'kkafr vkSj 'kkjhfjd èoal ds Åij ^O;fDrokn dk dop* igus vius ?kksj ekufld n~ona o~ ls tw> jgs gSa & fnu ds cq[kkj@ jkf= dh e`R;q@ ds ckn ân; dk nq%[k ujdA@ nc pqdh tks ej pqdh gS vkRek@ [kRe tks gks xbZ vkdka{kk@ O;fDr esa O;fDrRo ds [kaMgjA vkarfjd thou esa u Lusg gS] u jks"k gS] u XykfuA vkRek esa xehZ] u eèkqjrk] u vkRefo'oklA dfo iwNrk gS & dj ldks ?k`.kk@ D;k bruk 95 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 95@^v¡

j[krs gks v[kaM rqe ize s \ dfo dh ekU;rk,¡ udkjkRed gks xbZ gSAa thou vk,xk rks uk'k ds n~okjk] uk'k ds cknA vr% dfo mldh oanuk djrk gS & esjs flj ij ,d iSj j[k@ uki rhu tx rw vlhe cuA dfo ds mn~xkj iw¡thoknh lekt ds izfr Hkh blhfy, Nankscn~/k gks mBrs gSa & rw gS ej.k rw gS fjDr] rw gS O;FkZ@ rsjk èoal dsoy ,d rsjk vFkZA* ^rkj lIrd* esa Nih viuh dforkvksa ds lkFk izdkf'kr vius O;DrO; esa eqfDrcksèk us dqN ,slh ckrsa fy[kha tks ckn esa pydj vusd vkykspdkas ds fy, muds i{k vkSj foi{k esa fy[kus ds gfFk;kj cus vkSj ,d gn rd mudh dforkvksa dks le>us dh izkjafHkd pkfc;k¡ HkhA lkj :i esa dgw¡ rks igyh ckr mUgksu a s ;g Lohdkj dh fd ckr dks lhèkk u j[kdj mls dsoy ^lwfpr djuk* dh 'kSyh ls os izHkkfor Fks gkykafd blds dkj.k gkFk yxus okyh my>u Hkjh vfHkO;fDr ds izfr tkx:d Hkh gq,] nwljh ;g fd ckyeu dh mudh igyh Hkw[k lkSna ;Z vkSj nwljh fo'o&ekuo dk lq[k%nq%[k Fkh ftudk la?k"kZ muds thou dh igyh my>u Fkh] rhljh ;g fd Øe'k% mudk >qdko ekDlZokn dh vksj gqvk vkSj vius dkO; dh vLi"Vrk ij mudh n`f"V xbZ vkSj pkSFkh tks de egRo dh ughaa gS] mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa ;g fd ^ekufld n~ona o~ esjs O;fDrRo esa cn~èkewy gSA O;FkZ esa fudVrk ls vuqHko djrk vk jgk gw¡ fd ftl Hkh {ks= esa gw¡ og Lo;a viw.kZ gS] vkSj ml dk Bhd&Bhd izdVhdj.k Hkh ughaa gks jgk gSA Qyr% ^xqIr v'kkafr eu ds vanj ?kj fd, jgrh gSA* yxHkx 20 o"kkZas ds varjky ds ckn tc ^rkj lIrd* ds gh fy, eqfDrcksèk dks iqu'p fy[kuk iM+k rks mUgksu a s ,d vkSj vR;ar egRoiw.kZ vkReLoh—fr izLrqr dh & ^;gk¡ tks ubZ dfork ¼6 i`"Bksa dh ,d vkRe&oDrO;½ nh tk jgh gS] vkSj tks lu~ 1963 dh gh jpuk gS] vis{kk—r NksVh gSA blls vkSj NksVh jpuk,¡ 'kk;n vc eSa ughaa fy[k ldrkA* eq>s ges'kk yxrk jgk gS fd viuh ih<+h ds dfo;ksa es]a eqfDrcksèk vkSj mudh dfork dks le>us ds fy, fopkjd eqfDrcksèk ¼'ke'ksj us fy[kk Fkk] ,dk,d D;ksa lu~ 64 ds eè; esa xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk fo'ks"k :i ls egRoiw.kZ gks mBs\--A blfy, fd xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk ,dk,d fganh lalkj dh ,d ?kVuk cu x,A dqN ,slh ?kVuk ftldh vksj ls vk¡[k ew¡n ysuk vlaHko FkkA mudh ,dfu"B riL;k vkSj la?k"kZ] mudh vVwV lPpkbZ] mudk iwjk thou] lHkh ,d lkFk gekjh Hkkouk ds dsna hz ; eap ij leus vk x,A vkSj geus vc muds dfo vkSj fopkjd dks ,d ubZ vk'p;Z&n`f"V ls ns[kk½ dks ges'kk mifLFkr gksuk iM+k gS & vius iz'kald ¼tSls ukeoj flag½ vkSj fdafpr vkØked ¼tSls jkefoykl 'kekZ½ vkfn reke rjg ds vkykspdksa ds lkeusA bl izlxa esa ls 1956 ls 1964 ds chp Jhdkar oekZ dks fy[ks eqfDrcksèk ds i=ksa ds gokys ls bl rF; dk Hkh mYys[k djuk pkgw¡xk fd tkus D;ksa vU; dfo;ksa dh dforkvksa ds fu%ladksp iz'kald gksrs gq, Hkh eqfDrcksèk viuh dforkvksa dks ysdj ,d ladksp ds rys ncs jgrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d i= esa mUgksu a s fy[kk Fkk] ^,d dfork Hkst jgk gw¡A ;w¡ dfg, fd og ,d xn~;kRed 96 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 96@^v¡

vardZFkk gSA irk ughaa ialn vk,xh fd ughaAa cgqr ladksp gksrk gSA blfy, eSa dfork Hkst ughaa ikrkA* ,d vU; i= esa fy[kk] ^vkt dfork ^jftLVMZ ysVj* n~okjk vkids irs ij Hkst nh xbZ gSA muds ihNs yxHkx Ms<+ eghus ls esgur dj jgk FkkA irk ughaa dSlh gSA irk ughaa esjk LoHkko dSlk tks dfork ds izFke vkfn :i ls lar"q V ughaa gks ikrkA Mjrs Mjrs mls Hkstk gSA* ;gha] i=ksa ds Hkh gokyksa ls ;g Hkh crkuk pkgwx¡ k fd eqfDrcksèk dk fopkjd mlds dfo dh rqyuk esa dgha vfèkd funZo~ ano~ ] dgha vfèkd n`<]+ dgha vfèkd lqfpafrr vksj dgha vfèkd cgl ds fy, mn~/k`r FkkA elyu] eqDrNan ds i{kèkj ekgkSy esa mUgksu a s fy[kk Fkk ¼vkSj ;gk¡ os 'ke'ksj ds fopkjksa ds djhc iM+ tkrs gS½a fd ôkRL;k;u th us] fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj vkfn us lanq j xhr Hkh fy[ks gSAa xhr ^,t , QkeZ* dks mBk nsuk mfpr ughaAa fdlh ^fyVjsjh QkeZ* dks ^fMLVªk;* djus ls og ^fMLVªk;* gksxk Hkh ughaAa tks xhr vkt izpfyr gS]a mudk ewY; vR;Yi gSAa mlesa u, ^daVVas * dh vko';drk gSA* oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk iqjkus <k¡ps vkSj ubZ oLrq ds chp n~ona o~ kRed fj'rk ekurs gSAa ;gk¡ 'ke'ksj dk er Hkh enn dj ldrk gS ftlds vuqlkj] ^vkèkqfud psruk j[kus okyk dfo ijaijkxr QkeZ esa Hkh u, ls u, Hkko&lanHkZ dks lHkh nsrk gSA* mUgksu a s ukxktqu Z dh dfork îk"kk.kh* ds mnkgj.k ls viuh ckr le>kbZ gSA muds vuqlkj bl dfork dk ns[kus esa ^QkeZ* eSfFkyh'kj.k th okyk gS] ij dfork fcYdqy muds ;qx ls vyx vkèkqfud gSA eqfDrcksèk dk ;g fopkj Hkh nsf[k, & îzR;sd izdkj dk dkO; lkSna ;Z jksekafVflTe* ughaa gksrkA ^jksekafVflTe* fHkUu&fHkUu ys[kdksa ds gkFk esa iM+dj fHkUu fHkUu gks tkrk gSA izR;sd izdkj dk ^jksekafVflTe* okaNuh; Hkh ughaa gSA iz'u ^jksekafVflTe* dk ughaa gSA iz'u ,d lksna ;kZfHk#fp dh rkuk'kkfg;r dk] vFkkZr mu ^lsallZ* dk] tks ml lkSna ;kZfHk#fp us ,d [kkl dkV dh dkO;&jpuk ds fy, ykxw fd, gSAa iz'u ml lkSna ;kZfHk#fp ds vkSfpR;&vukSfpR; dk ugha]a mlds n~okjk ykxw fd, x, ^lsallZ* dk gSA ¼orZeku lkfgR;] vxLr&flracj] 2014½A eqfDrcksèk us mu jksekafVd ys[kdksa vkSj dfo;ksa dh Hkh igpku dh Fkh ftu esa Nn~e Hkkouk,¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSAa eqfDrcksèk dh bl lksp dks fdlh Hkh O;kid lanHkZ esa ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlds O;kid vk'k;ksa dks xzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blds vkyksd esa mudh dfork v¡èksjs es*a dh bu izfln~/k iafDr;ksa dh lkSna ;kZfHk#fp dh Bhd le> dks idM+k tk ldrk gS & vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs@ mBkus gh gksxa As @ rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lc@ igq¡puk gksxk nqxe Z igkM+kas ds ml ikj@ rc dgha ns[kus feysxa h ck¡g@ as ftuesa fd izfrQy dk¡irk jgrk@ v#.k dey ,dA oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk ds lkeus ckgjh vkSj Hkhrjh] vius vkSj ijk, ifjos'k dh reke pkykfd;k¡ vkSj Nn~e mnkjrkvksa dh cxy esa fNih Nqfj;ksa dk jgL; mtkxj Fkk vkSj cqjh&cqjh vk'kadkvksa dks tUe nsrs ifjos'k es]a ;fn ukeoj flag 97 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 97@^v¡

ds 'kCnksa esa dgk tk, rks eqfDrcksèk ds fy, lcls cM+h vfuok;Zrk ^vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* gSA ukeoj flag ds vuqlkj] ^;gk¡ ftl vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBkus dh ckr dh xbZ gS og dsoy 'kCnksa dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaa cfYd deZ dh Hkh vfHkO;fDr gSA iwokZij lanHkZ ls Li"V gS fd ;gk¡ ^vfHkO;fDr* ls vfHkizk; dfork Hkh gS vkSj Økafr Hkh D;ksfa d ftu eBksa vkSj x<+kas ds rksMu + s dk ladYi ;gk¡ fd;k x;k gS os dsoy lkfgfR;d eB vkSj x<+ gh ughaa gSAa * eqfDrcksèk dh n`f"V esa ,d fo'ks"k [krjk ^tM+hHkwr lkSna ;kZfHk#fp* dk jgk gSA blhfy, mudk dguk Fkk] ûbZ dkO;&izo`fRr ds {ks= ds dqN egku O;fDr] viuh oxhZ; vfHkO;fDr ds QyLo:i] lkSna ;Z dk tks izfreku gekjs lkeus j[krs gS]a muesa tc rd O;kid la'kksèku ughaa gksrk] rc rd ge vius gh thoar vuqHkoksa dk ewrZ vkSj izHkko'kkyh fp= mifLFkr ughaa dj ldrsAa * ;gh dkj.k gS fd mUgkau s s tM+hHkwr lkSna ;kZfHk#fp vkSj mlds lsl a lZ R;kxus ij tksj fn;k gSA oLrqr% lSn/~ kkafrd :i ls eqfDrcksèk dk fo'okl dykRed miknkuksa ds fujarj fodkl djrs jgus esa Fkk vkSj mudh ekU;rk Fkh fd vH;kl&fln~/k fo'ks"k izdkj ds f'kYi esa fof'k"V Hkko&laons uk,¡ rks vfHkO;fDr gks ldrh gS] ysfdu vU; Hkko&{ks= izHkkoksRiknd <ax ls vfHkO;Dr ughaa gks ldrkA ¼ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk] i`167½A Li"V gS fd eqfDrcksèk dyk ds ôSf'k"V~;* dk vFkZ <jkZ ;k :f<+ ughaa ysrs FksA os jpukdkj ds fy, f'kYi ds izfr fujarj ltx jguk vko';d ekurs FksA viuh iqLrd ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* eas rks mUgksu a s ;g Hkh ekuk gS fd dykRed lkSna ;Z ds ekxZ ls —fr ds eeZ rd igq¡pk tk ldrk gS vkSj blhfy, os ikBd dk igyk èkeZ dykRed lkSna ;Z dk vkRelkr djuk ekurs gSAa ubZ dfo;ksa esa f'kYi ltxrk ij fn, tk jgs tksj dks ns[krs gq, gh mUgksu a s dnkfpr ;g Hkh ekuk Fkk fd ubZ dfork c`gr :i esa ,d dkO;&izdkj gS vkSj mlesa vusdkusd O;fDrxr 'kSfy;k¡] f'kYi] jpuk&foèkku vkSj thou n`f"V;k¡ lfEefyr gSAa ¼ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ rFkk vU; fucaèk] i`- 13½A bl lanHkZ esa 'ke'ksj th dk ;g vkdyu dnkfpr mfpr gh dgk tk,xk & êqfDrcksèk us Nk;kokn dh lhek yk¡?kdj] izxfrokn ls ekDlhZ ys] iz;ksxokn ds vfèkdka'k gfFk;kj laHkky vkSj mldh Lora=rk eglwl dj] Lora= dfo&:i ls] lc oknksa vkSj ikfVZ;ksa ls Åij mBdj] fujkyk dh lqFkjh vkSj [kqyh ekuorkoknh ijaijk dks cgqr vkxs c<+k;kA* oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk us dbZ izdkj ds eksgHkax >sys FksA fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh us vius ,d ys[k êqfDrcksèk dk dkO; Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh la?k"kZ dk dkO;* esa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ dk ,d mn~/kj.k fn;k gS ftlls eqfDrcksèk dh futh ekufldrk dk irk pyrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS & ^lkekU; vkneh dk os ,dne Hkjkslk djrs Fks] ysfdu jktuhfr vkSj lkfgR; ds {ks= ds vkneh ds izfr 'kadkyw jgrs FksA dksbZ lgt gh muds lehi gksuk pkgrk rks os vk'kafdr gks tkrsA dgrs ikVZuj bldk bjknk D;k gS\ T;ks&a T;ksa mudh eqlhcrsa c<+rh xbZa] T;knk dM+os vuqHko gksrs x,] muds fo'oluh;ksa dk pkfjf=d 98 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 98@^v¡

iru gksrk x;k] mudh 'kadk c<+rh xbZaA mUgsa yxrk fd ^dksbZ Hk;adj "kM~;= a pkjkas rjQ ls mUgsa ?ksj jgk gSA* frokjh th ds vuqlkj ftl ruko dh ppkZ ijlkbZ us dh gS ogh ^eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa dh psruk gSA* ;gk¡ ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd eqfDrcksèk viuh n;uh; fLFkfr ds ckotwn mls d#.kktU; gksrs ughaa ns[kuk pkgrs FksA 20-02-64 ds Jhdkar oekZ dks lacksfèkr vius ,d i= esa mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk] ^vkils] vki yksxksa ls iSlksa dks vkf[kj D;ksa u Loh—r d:¡xkA dsoy bl ckr dk è;ku jf[k,xk fd esjh chekjh dh foKkiu u gks] d#.kk&Hkko mRiUu djus ds fy, rkfd ,d ys[kd dh lgk;rk gksA ,slk u djuk HkkbZ] ftlesa esjh fLFkfr] tks oLrqr% n;uh; gS] d#.kktud Hkh gks mBsA* eq>s yxrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk ds okLrfod thou ¼dYiuk okLrfodrk dk LFkku ughaa ys ldrh ,slk rks eqfDrcksèk Hkh ekurs Fks½ dh ,slh lPpkb;ksa dks tkus fcuk muds dkO;&uk;d dks Bhd ls ughaa le>k tk ldrkA ;gk¡ eq>s jktsanz ;kno dh dk¶dk vkfn cM+s lkfgR;dkjksa ds lanHkZ esa dgha xbZ ;g fVIi.kh mn~/k`r djuk vko';d yx jgk gS ftls ^gal* ds fnlacj] 2013 vad esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS & ^eq>s dFkk&lkfgR; esa dk¶dk gh vdsyk ,slk ys[kd yxrk gS ftldk lkjk ys[ku vkRedFkk vkSj vkRek dh dFkk ,d gh lkFk gSA ;kuh] ;gk¡ ys[kd dh Hkhrjh cqukoV dks tkus fcuk vki ys[ku dks le>us dh varnZ`f"V gh ughaa ik ldrsA nksLrks;os Ldh vkSj rkWYlrkW; dh ftanxh mudh jpuk,¡ le>us esa ennxkj gS] vkSj dkew&lk=Z dh nk'kZfud n`f"V ds ekè;e ls gh muds dFkk lkfgR; ds vFkZ fudkys tk ldrs gSAa * eqfDrcksèk viuh dforkvksa ij cgqr Je djrs FksA 'ke'ksj us pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* fd Hkwfedk eas fy[kk gS & ^dSlh] esgur ls] g¶rksa cfYd eghuksa os viuh yach dfork ds VqdM+kas dks] èkhjs&èkhjs] fparu vkSj dYiuk dh ÅtkZ ls iq"V djrs] tksMr + ]s vkSj mldh var;kZt s uk dks n`<+ djrs tkrsA mudk f'kYi Å¡ph bekjr mBkus okys esekj dk f'kYi FkkA* ,slk dfo ;fn vius ikBdksa ls Hkh cjkcj dh pksV ds ifjJe dh vis{kk djrk jgk gks vkSj mlds n'kZu u gksus ij fody Hkh gqvk gks rks dksbZ rkTtqc ughaa gksuk pkfg,A oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk mu fxurh ds dfo;ksa esa gS ftu ij vkt rd xyr&lgh ;g vkjksi rks yxrk jgk gS fd mudh Hkk"kk nq:g gS vkSj mudk QSVa l s h izèkku f'kYi le> ls ijs gSA vkjksi ;fn ;gha rd lhfer j[k dj ns[ksa rks bldh ijks{k Loh—fr rks tuoknh fopkjdksa ds ;gk¡ Hkh fey tkrh gSA bl Loh—fr ds lkFk fd eqfDrcksèk O;kid tu rd laifsz "kr ughaa gksrAs ¼dad] eqfDrcksèk fo'ks"kkad] i`- 261½A jkefoykl 'kekZ us eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa txg&txg Hkk"kk vkSj Nan dh f'kfFkyrk ds lkFk Hkkocksèk dh vfLFkjrk vkSj fopkjksa dh my>u yf{kr dh gSA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd ftl O;oLFkk esa ¼vkSj ;kn jgs fd eqfDrcksèk dh iqLrd ij izfrcaèk Hkh yxk;k x;k Fkk½ vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs gksrs gSa ogk¡ [krjk mBkus okys jpukdkj dgu ds nk¡o&isp a viukus ij foo'k gks tk;k djrs gSa ftldk vuqHko eq>s dksfj;kbZ lkfgR; esa Hkh gqvk ftls 99 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 99@^v¡

fo'ks"k :i ls vfèkuk;dokn dh vofèk esa fy[kk x;kA lkekU; jpukdkj ize s vkSj iz—fr ds lkSna ;Z esa Mwcrs&mrjrs jgrs gSAa ;w¡ muds nq:g ;k dfBu Hkk"kk&f'kYi ds fy, mudh thouxr vlkèkkj.k ekufld n'kk vkSj jpukdkj ds :i esa vius dks vyx vFkkZr fof'k"V fn[kkus dh pkgr dks Hkh ekuk x;k gSA ysfdu fnDdr rc iSnk gksrh gS tc izk;% mudh bl f'kYitU; nq:grk ds dkj.k vkSj mudh QkWeZ dks ^cqtoZ k* ?kksf"kr djrs gq,] mUgsa xSj izxfr'khy vFkok xSjtuoknh rd fln~/k djus dk iz;Ru gksrk gSA dad ds eqfDrcksèk fo'ks"kkad esa bl fcanq ij cgl feyrh gSA ogk¡ ekuk x;k gS fd ys[kdksa dk tuoknh gksuk muds daVaVs ij fuHkZj djrk gS] ns[kuk ;g gksxk fd daVasV fdu oxkZas dk Ik{kèkj gSA vxj og loZgkjk o 'kksf"kr mRihfM+r oxkZas dh vk'kk vkdka{kk,¡ O;Dr djrk gS vkSj mUgsa izdk'k nsrk gS rks ge mls blhfy, ughaa udkj nsxas D;ksfa d og ^fyVjspj vkWQ ikiqyjkbts'ku* gS vkSj mlh rjg ;fn og eqfDrcksèk ds f'kYi dh rjg izrhdks]a fcacksa o vU; 'kSfy;ksa o :iksa esa O;Dr gksrk gS rks mls blhfy, xSjtuoknh dgdj ughaa Qsd a nsxa s D;ksfa d og O;kid tu dks laifsz "kr ughaa gks ikrkA ;gk¡ xkSj djus okyh ckr ;g Hkh gS fd tuoknh ys[ku dh 'krZ O;kid&tu rd laifzs "kr gksuk ek= ughaa gSA Jhdkar oekZ dks fy[ks ,d i= esa eqfDrcksèk dk ,d fopkj.kh; cfYd fpark esa Mkyus okyk fnypLi dFku feyrk gS & ^vkidk ys[k eq>s ilan vk;kA jktuhfrd Loj] tks esjs dkO; esa izPNUu :i ls fojkteku jgrk gS] vkius igpkukA ;g Loj] oLrqr% ,d egRoiw.kZ fdarq xksiu fo'ks"krk gS] tks esjs dkO; dks :i nsrh jgh gSA dHkh&dHkh lksprk gw¡ fd eSa Lo;a viuh dforkvksa dh O;k[;k d:¡A* Li"V gS fd dgha u dgha eqfDrcksèk dks viuh dforkvksa dh xbZ O;k[;k,¡ xM+cM+ yxh gksxhA eqf'dy ;g gS fd tc gj vkneh viuh gh O;k[;k dks fln~/k ekuus yxrk gS rks dfo dk dHkh&dHkkj fopfyr gksuk lgt gks tkrk gS] [kkldj rc vkSj Hkh tc ,sls vkneh mldh cf[k;k gh ughaa mèksMr + s cfYd [kfV;k Hkh [kM+h djus yxrs gSAa eqfDrcksèk ds i=ksa ls lkQ gS fd os viuh dforkvksa ij lq>koksa dh ges’kk ek¡x djrs jgsA os vkykspuk dh lhekvksa ls ifjfpr Fks ysfdu viuh dforkvksa dh detksfj;ksa dks tkuus dks mRlqd Hkh jgrs FksA vc loky ;g gS fd D;k eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa dk vafre ikB miyCèk djus dh t:jr lekIr gks pqdh gS\ ^v¡èksjs esa* ds ^dkSu euq* dk ckotwn reke O;k[;kvksa ds D;k gesa lgh vk’k; gkFk yx pqdk gS\ D;k ‘ke’ksj ds bl fu”d”kZ ij lkspus dh t:jr lekIr gks xbZ gSA eqfDrcksèk ds lkjs iz;ksx fo”k;&oLrq dks ysdj gq, gSAa ;g dqN mudh lhek Hkh gS vkSj ,d Hkkjh fo’ks”krk HkhA ‘ke’ksj dh bl lykg ls rks Hkyk fdls badkj gksxk] pkgs dqN Lo;afln~/kksa dks cqjh ;k viuh gsBh Hkh yxs fd eqfDrcksèk dh dfork dks fdlh jktnk¡ dh ckrksa dh rjg l¡Hky&l¡Hkydj lksp&lkspdj] cfYd dHkh&dHkh nksgjk&nksgjkdj] i<+uk pkfg,A fdlh fdlh dfork ds dbZ va’k tklwlh miU;klksa dh Hkh ;kn fnykrs gS]a exj gjfxt ,d likVs esa i<+ fy, tkus okys miU;kl ds 100 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 100@^v¡

va’k ughaa gSAa loky rks ;g Hkh gS fd D;k dfo eqfDrcksèk ek= ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds fy, gh ;kn fd, tk,¡x\s rks Hkh ukeoj flag us ftl <ax ls] crkSj laj{kd eqfDrcksèk ds ‘kCnksa esa fgrS”kh vkykspd] ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dks le>kus dk iz;Ru fd;k gS og dkQh larks”k nsrk gSA mudk ;g fo’ys”k.k Hkh dkfcysxkSj gS& ^njvly vkReijd izxhr cuke oLrqijd yach dfork ds bl la?k”kZ ds ewy eas dsoy dkO;&:iksa ds oj.k dh leL;k ughaa gS] cfYd bldk lacèa k iwjh dfork dh cukoV lacèa kh nks fHkUu dkO;&n`f”V;ksa ls gS ftuds varxZr Hkkocksèk ls Hkk”kk rd ds lHkh Lrj ‘kkfey gSAa bl lanHkZ esa eSu a s ;g fn[kykus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd bèkj ubZ dfork ds vanj tks vkReijd NksVh ;k cM+h dfork,¡ fy[kh xbZ gSa os vius jpf;rkvksa dh xSj&jksekafVd ?kks”k.kkvksa ds ckotwn jksekafVd gSa vkSj ,d vkSlr jksekafVd izxhr ds leku gh buesa Hkh oS;fDrdrk] vkReijdrk] vuqHkwfr;ksa dh tfVyrk ds vHkko ds lkFk gh fcace;rk vkSj ,d [kkl dkV dh jksekafVd dkO;&Hkk”kk ds iz;ksx izkIr gksrs gSAa blhfy, bu dforkvksa esa oLrqtxr dh le>nkjh ds LFkku ij dsoy vuqHkwfr dh bZekunkjh dk vkxzg fd;k tkrk gSA blds foijhr eqfDrcksèk dh yach dforkvksa ds :i esa eSu a s dkO; ds mu ewY;ksa ij cy fn;k tks viuh n`f”V esa lkekftd vkSj oLrqijd gSA vkSj ;g Hkh fd eqfDrcksèk dks jksekafVd dgdj izrkfM+r djus okyksa dks mRRkj esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd ^v¡èksjs es*a tks jksekafVd LoIu gS mldk vkèkkj vius ;qx esa fodkleku mRFkku’khy ‘kfDr;ksa dk cksèk gSA ;gk¡ FkksMk+ Fkedj] ^dkSu euq* ij ut+j Mky yh tk,A ^v¡èksjs es*a dh dqN iafDr;k¡ ;w¡ gSa & vkSj esjs ân; dh èkd èkd iwNrh gS & og dkSu lqukbZ tks nsrk] ij ughaa nsrk fn[kkbZA brus esa vdLekr fxjrs gSa Hkhrj ls Qqys gq, ifyLrj] f[kjrh gS pwu&s Hkjh jsr f[kldrh gS iifM+;k¡ bl rjg [kqn&c&[kqn dksbZ cM+k psgjk cu tkrk gS] Lo;efi eq[k cu tkrk gS fnoky ij] uqdhyh ukd vkSj HkO; yykV gS] n`<+ guq] dksbZ vutkuh vu&igpkuh vk—frA dkSu og fn[kkbZ nsrk] ij 101 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 101@^v¡

ugha tkuk tkrk gSA dkSu euq\ ;gk¡] esjh fuxkg es]a ,d ,slh euksn’kk dk fcackRed fp=.k gS tks viuh ckr dks lkQ&lkQ vfHkO;Dr djuk pkgrh gS ysfdu vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs ds dkj.k n~ona o~ esa iM+ tkrh gS vkSj ckr izrhdksa vkSj fcacksa esa fyiVus dks foo’k gksus yxrh gSA èkd&èkd] vdLekr] [kqn&c&[kqn] Lo;efi vkfn ‘kCn liz;kstu vk, gSAa ysfdu vfHkO;fDr dk tksj nqfuZokj gS] Hkys gh fQj ogh FkksMk+ Hk;Hkhr ;k lrdZ varn~oZ ano~ lkFk fy, dkSu og fn[kkbZ nsrk] ij@ ugha tkuk tkrk gS!! dkSu euq\ lgt jpukRed f’kYi ds :i es]a dkSu euq] n`<+ guq dh rqd ij vk;k izrhr gksrk gS ysfdu ge tkurs gSa fd ^euq* ,d u, euq”; vkSj mlds u, ;qx dk fuekZrk feFkdh; ik= Hkh gSA vkSj bldk yykV] eqfDrcksèk ds ‘kCn esa ^HkO;* gSA ;g fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS ysfdu tkuk ughaa tk jgk gSA ^ns[kuk* dk ,d vk’k; Hkfo”; dk LoIu Hkh gksrk gS ftlesa fn[krk gqvk] vko’;d ugha]a ,dne Bhd ls ^tkuk gqvk* Hkh yxsA tkuk gqvk rks Bksl :i ysus ij gh gksrk gSA oLrqr% eqfDrcksèk ds euq dks ^tkdh jfg Hkkouk tSlh* dh rtZ ij le>k x;k gSA jkefoykl ‘kekZ us bl euq dks euqLe`fr dk euq ughaa ekuk gSA mUgksu a s bl euq dk lacèa k ^dkek;uh* ds euq ls tksMk+ gS tks Hkys gh O;kid thou&{ks= esa fopj.k djus dh ykylk j[kus okyk gks] ldeZd lkgl’khyrk ls Hkjk gks] xR;kRed gks] ysfdu vgaoknh vkSj O;fDroknh gSA jkefoykl ‘kekZ us ekuk gS] euq og lc dqN gS tks eqfDrcksèk gS vkSj gksuk pkgrs gSAa ukeoj flag us viuh vksj ls Hkh vkSj fopkjd eqfDrcksèk dks gkftj djds Hkh jkefoykl ‘kekZ ds n~okjk euq dks dsna z esa j[kdj eqfDrcksèk esa jgL;oknh vkSj vfLrRooknh izo`fRr;ksa dh [kkst dks dkQh gn rd [kkfjt dj fn;k gSA ^dkSu euq* ds lkFk os dkO; uk;d dk vorj.k ekurs gSa vkSj fy[krs gSa & ^mls ;kn vkrk gS fd ;g jgL;e; O;fDr ogha gS tks dksbZ ‘kgj ds ckgj igkM+h ds ml ikj rkykc ds lfyy ds re&’;ke ‘kh’ks esa dqgfjy ‘osr vk—fr ds :i esa izdV gqv q k Fkk( vkSj fQj FkksMh+ nsj ckn yky&yky dqgjs esa ls ,d jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k ds :i esa fudyk gqvk fn[kk FkkA vkRe&fuokZflr uk;d dks irk gS fd ^og jgL;e; O;fDr vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gS* [kkst vkSj miyfCèk ds chp dh nqfoèkk ;k ^lLisl a * ¼^v¡èksj*s dh rjg eqfDrcksèk dk fiz; ‘kCn½ gh ^v¡èksjs es*a dks vn~Hkqr ukVdh;rk iznku djrh gSA* ckr tc dkO;&:i ds :i eas yach dfork dh gksrh gS rks bl {ks= esa fof’k”V nsus okys dfo;ksa esa lcls igyk uke eqfDrcksèk dk gh vkrk gSA yach dfork fy[kuk] tSlk Åij ladr s fn;k tk pqdk gS] mudh foo’krk ;k vfuok;Zrk FkhA ;w¡ Hkh dfork ds dgha [kRe gksus ij mudh vkLFkk ughaa FkhA ysfdu ,slk ughaa Fkk fd os vU;ksa ds n~okjk fy[kh xbZ NksVh dforkvksa ds iz’kald ughaa FksA yach ‘kCn nh?kZ ds gh vFkZ easa fy;k tkrk gS] cM+h ds vFkZ esa ughaAa cM+h rks NksVh&yach] nksuksa gh izdkj 102 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 102@^v¡

dh dfork,¡ gks ldrh gSAa ,slk ughaa gsS fd vU; dfo;ksa us] ftuesa u, dfo Hkh lfEefyr gS]a yach dfork,¡ u fy[kh gksA yach dfork ds lanHkZ esa ckr O;kid lanHkZ esa vFkkZr u, dfo vkSj yach dfork ds lanHkZ esa dj yh tk,A dkWMosy tSls vkykspdksa dh ekU;rk gS fd egku dfork,¡ yach gh gksrh gSa D;ksfa d mudh O;Dr varoZLrq esa ;FkkFkZ dh vfèkdre ek=k fon~;eku jgrh gSA ¼Illusion and Reality, i`- 227½A fdarq vkdkj ds vkèkkj ij gh dfork dh egkurk fln~/k djus dh n`f”V dks mfpr ughaa dgk tk ldrkA nh?kZdky egkdkO; rd nks dkSMh+ ds gks ldrs gSAa ;FkkFkZ dh vfèkd ek=k dfork ds yacs vkdkj ds fy, mRrjnkbZ vo’; ekuh tk ldrh gS fdarq dfork dh xfjek] egkurk vkfn dfo ds jpukRed dkS’ky ij gh fuHkZj djrh gSAa vejhdh vkykspd vkboj foaVlZ ¼The Function of Criticism, i`- 60&61½ dk dguk gS] NksVh dfork vkSj yach dfork esa nks dkO;&fln~/kkarksa dk varj gSA NksVh dfork ewyr% izxhr dfork gS] tcfd yach dfork ukVdh; dfork gSA vusd u, dfo;ksa dk er Hkh foaVlZ ds er ls esy [kkrk gSA elyu Jhdkar oekZ us ukVdh;rk dks yach dfork dk vko’;d rRo ekuk gS D;ksfa d ^ukVdh;rk dfork dks ,djl gksus ls cpkrh gSA blhfy, dfo fdlh ,sls izlxa dks pqurk gS ftldh dFkkoLrq esa gh ukVdh;rk gksA* ¼ftjg] i`- 60½A yach dfork,¡ fy[kus esa fu%langs dfo dks yxkrkj esgur djuh iM+ ldrh gS vkSj muesa ls izR;sd dks iwjk gksr&s gksrs oDr Hkh yx ldrk gSA lQy vkSj funks”Z k yach dfork fy[kus ds fy, dfo ls [kkl vuq’kklu dh Hkh vis{kk jgrh gSA Jhdkar oekZ dks jktuk¡nxk¡o esa fy[ks 18-10-1959 ds i= esa eqfDrcksèk us tks fy[kk Fkk mlls ;g Hkh fln~/k gksrk gS fd yach dfork fy[kus okyk ifjJeh dfo fdl gn rd [kht Hkh ldrk gS & ^fiNys ,d Ms<+ o”kZ es]a eSu a s pkj yach dfork,¡ fy[kh gSAa ogh esjh miyfCèk gSA muls xq¡Fkk gksus ds dkj.k eSa dksbZ vU; dk;Z ughaa dj ldrkA muds ekjs lc NwV x;k FkkA vly esa os thou dh my>uksa ds le; fp= gSAa vkius viuh vkykspukvksa esa tks ckrsa dgha Fkha] mudk Hkh eSu a s è;ku j[kk gSA vc] vkxs py dj ‘kk;n eSa dksbZ dfork ughaa fy[kw¡xkA dfork u fy[kus dk iz;Ru d:¡xkA blesa cgqr le; tkrk gSA dfork ^Qs;j* djus esa nsj yx xbZA cM+k okfg;kr dke gS] ij cgqr vko’;d gS mls djukA* foMacuk nsf[k, fd blds ckn eqfDrcksèk dqN gh o”kZ rks vkSj ft;s FksA ,d ekU;rk ds vuqlkj yach dfork,¡ ,slh izcaèkkRed jpuk,¡ gksrh gSa tks u egkdkO; dh Js.kh esa vkrh gSa vkSj u [kaMdkO; dhA ¼‘;ke ijekj] vdfork vkSj dyk lanHkZ] i`- 111½A eqfDrcksèk dh yach dfork,¡ ,slh gh jpuk,¡ gSAa ukeoj flag ds vuqlkj fdlh vU; mi;qDr ‘kCn ds vHkko esa gh ,slh dforkvksa dks lkekU;r% yach dfork dgk tkrk gSA ¼ukeoj flag] dfork ds u, izfreku] i`- 265½A jkefoykl ‘kekZ dks fujkyk dh ^jke dh ‘kfDr iwtk* dk dkO;:i fuèkkZfjr djus esa ,slh gh leL;k ls tw>uk iM+k gSA oLrqrr% izcaèk&dkO; dh ijaijk esa yach 103 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 103@^v¡

dfork dk ,d fof’k”V izdkj Nk;kokn esa gh fodflr gks pqdk Fkk ftls ‘kkL=h; dkO;&:iksa esa j[kk tkuk laHko ughaa gSA ubZ dfork dh yach dfork,¡ ‘kkL=h; èkkj.kkvksa ls izk;% eqDr gS]a vkSj ;g Hkh fd ;s Nk;koknh yach dforkvksa ds vxys pj.k ds :i esa fodflr gqbZ gSa] tks u, dfo;ksa dh viuh mit dgh tk ldrh gSA vfèkd ls vfèkd ^yach dfork* dk lacèa ka in~;kRed fucaèkksa ls tksMd + j ns[kk tk ldrk gSA yach dforkvksa dks Lo:i] xq.k vkfn dh n`f"V ls] tSlk igys Hkh ladr s fn;k tk pqdk gS] eksVr s kSj ij nks oxkZas esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS & ,d oxZ esa os dfork,¡ vkrh gSa tks yacs vkdkj ds ckotwn izxhr gS]a tSls vKs; dh ^vlkè; oh.kk* ftlesa ,d NksVh lh dFkk Hkh gS vkSj ukVdksfpr laokn Hkh] fdarq Hkko&cksèk ds Lrj ij iwjh dfork ^vuqfparukRed* vkSj lajpuk esa orqy Z kdkj gSA bl izdkj dh dfork dks ^vkReijd dfork^ Hkh dgk x;k gSA nwljs oxZ esa eqfDrcksèk dh lh dfork vkrh gS ftlesa oLrqtxr dh le>nkjh gksrh gS] tks oLrqijd vkSj lkekftd gksrh gSA ;g ckr vyx gS fd rkRdkfyd :i ls ,slh dforkvksa esa ^dykxr futrk* dk vkxzg bl dnz gkoh gks fd mlds dkj.k tfVyrk vkSj nq:grk ls Hkh xSj rS;kjh okys ikBd dks :&c&: gksuk iM+As ,d vU; nq:g ekus tkus okys] ysfdu NksVh dfork ds dfo 'ke'ksj dk ekuuk gS fd dyk jpukdkj dh futh oLrq gksrh gSA muds vuqlkj ftruh gh vfèkd og mldh viuh futh gS] mruh gh og] dkykarj es]a vkSjksa dh Hkh gks ldrh gS & vxj og lPph gS] dyk&i{k vkSj Hkko&i{k nksuksa vksj lsA ¼dqN dfork,¡] i`- 5½A bl dFku dk ;gh vk'k; gqvk fd ^dykdkj dh futrk* dh otg ls vkt dyk esa ;fn tfVyrk] nq:grk vkfn ifjyf{kr gksrh gSa rks dkykarj esa os èkqy Hkh ldrh gSaA eqfDrcksèk dh yach dfork dh Js.kh ds lkFk Jhdkar oekZ dh ^lekfèk&ys[k*] j?kqohj lgk; dh ^vkRegR;k ds fo#n~/k* vkSj jktdey pkSèkjh dh ^eqfDr&izlxa * dks Hkh j[kk x;k gS ftuesa dkO;kuqHkwfr ds Lrj ij vkReijdrk dk vkHkkl t:j gksrk gS ysfdu gSa os vizxhrkRedA gk¡] ^v¡èksjs es*a bu ls vyx yach dfork ekuh xbZ gS D;ksfa d blesa ^QSVa l s h* ds lgkjs ,d izHkko'kkyh i`"BHkwfe rS;kj dh xbZ gSA ¼ukeoj flag] dfork ds u, izfreku] i`- 156½ u, dfo;ksa us ;n~;fi fdrus gh dfo;ksa us yach dfork,¡ fy[kh gSa tks izfln~/k Hkh gqbZ gS]a ysfdu bl dkO;&:i ij eqfDrcksèk dks NksMd + j fdlh us bl dkO;&:i ij fo'ks"k ughaa fy[kk gSA vfèkd ls vfèkd] vko';d gksus ij] dforkvksa esa fy, x, dFkkud vkSj ik=ksa dk lzkr s Hkj crk fn;k gSA yach dfork dh cqukoV vkfn ds lacèa k esa dksbZ [kkl ppkZ mUgksu a s ughaa dh gSA dsoy eqfDrcksèk us gh ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* uked viuh iqLrd es]a ,d dfo dh gSfl;r ls] bl dkO;&izdkj ij fo'kn vkSj egRoiw.kZ fparu izLrqr fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk viuh lkekftd ,oa oLrqijd n`f"V ds dkj.k yach dfork 104 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 104@^v¡

fy[kus ij ckè; FksA muds ;gk¡] yach dfork ds tUe dk ewy dkj.k] vius le; ds Toyar ,oa tfVy ;FkkFkZ dks dfork esa vfèkd&ls&vfèkd lesVus dk mn~n's ; jgk gSA ;FkkFkZ dh iwjh cukoV gh ,slh gksrh gS fd og dfork ds vkdkj dks c<+krk gSA eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj] ^;FkkFkZ ds rRo ijLij xqafQr gksrs gS]a lkFk gh iwjk ;FkkFkZ xfr'khy gksrk gSA vfHkO;fDr dk fo"k; cudj tks ;FkkFkZ gksrk gS] og Hkh ,slk gh xfr'khy gS vkSj mlds rRo Hkh ijLij xqafQr gSAa * ¼,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`31½A Li"V gS] ,sls ;FkkFkZ dh iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr] dfork ds yacs vkdkj esa gh laHko gks ldrh gS( NksVh dfork tcfd blds ¼mDr ;FkkFkZ dh iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr ds½ fy, vi;kZIr gh fln~/k gksxhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd eqfDrcksèk yackbZ&pkSMk+ bZ dks ysdj ;n~;fi os Hk;Hkhr Hkh gksrs Fks D;ksfa d os tkurs Fks] ^bruh iznh?kZrk gekjs ;gk¡ vPNh ughaa le>h tkrh* rks Hkh os bl :i esa fy[kus dks foo'k Fks D;ksfa d izxhrijd dforkvksa dh&lh Hkkouk&izèkku dfork,¡ ughaa fy[kuk pkgrs Fks ftudh vkos'kkRed vfHkO;fDr gks tkus ij dfo dks tYnh gh NqVV~ h feyuk laHko gksrk gSA ;w¡ Hkh eqfDrcksèk dk fo'okl dfork ds Hkhrj izdV gksus okyh xqfRFk;ks]a ckrksa vkSj leL;kvksa vkfn dks muds fp=.kkRed fodkl dk volj iznku djus esa Fkk] dfork dks dkV&Nk¡V djds NksVk djus dk ughaAa mDr fo'okl gh mUgsa dfork ds fdlh var ij igq¡pus ls jksdrk jgrk Fkk vkSj urhtru dfork dk vkdkj c<+rk tkrk FkkA ,slh dgha Hkh [kRe u gksus okyh dforkvksa ds var dks ysdj vkf[kj os bl fu"d"kZ ij gh igq¡p ikrs & ^mUgsa [kRe djus dh dyk eq>s ughaa vkrh] ;gh esjh VsªtM s h gSA* ¼,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`- 27½A dfork dk rFkkdfFkr var gks tkus ij Hkh eqfDrcksèk dfork ds var dks ysdj cjkcj lkspk djrs FksA var dks f'kfFky ikdj os ftruk gh ml ij lksprs] dfork ds c<+us dh laHkkouk Hkh c<+us yxrhA bl izdkj eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj yach dfork dh xfr'khy ;FkkFkZijd oLrq dh gh ;g ek¡x gksrh gS fd dfork [kRe gksdj Hkh oLrqr% [kRe ughaa gksrh] cfYd lnk xfr'khy cuh jgrh gSA yach dfork ds jpuk&foèkku dk ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ i{k gSA eqfDrcksèk viuh yach dforkvksa esa ;n~;fi fofHkUu dkO;&:iks]a elyu ukVd] dFkk vkfn dk ,d lkFk iz;ksx djrs Fks rks Hkh os dfork dks bu lc :iksa ls fHkUu ekurs FksA dfork esa vU; dkO; :ikas ds mi;ksx ds lacèa k esa mudk dFku gS] ^dfork esa thou&;FkkFkZ dsoy Hkko cudj izLrqr gksrk gS ;k fcac cudj ;k fopkj cudjA dfork ds Hkhrj dh lkjh ukVdh;rk oLrqr% Hkkoksa dh xfre;rk gSA mlh izdkj] dfork ds Hkhrj dk dFkk&rRo Hkh Hkko dk bfrgkl gSA* ¼,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh] i`- 36½A vr% eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj yach dfork esa dFkk dk dsoy vkHkkl gksrk gS] uVdh;rk dh dsoy ejhfpdk gksrh gSA og vly es]a ,d :id gSA ^xn~; esa ;g :id ,d flyflys esa lkeus vkrk gS] ysfdu dfork esa og flyflyk VwV tkrk gS] mlh rjg tSls LoIu ds Hkhrj LoIu vkrs] gk¡] myV&iqyV gksdjA dfork esa eSu a s ml myV&iqyViu dk fuokZg djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA* 105 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 105@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk dk lai.w kZ foospu] njvly] mudh viuh yach dforkvksa dh jpuk&izfØ;k ds fof'k"V lanHkZ esa gqvk gSA vr% mudh viuh yach dforkvksa ds foèkku dks le>us esa muds bl fparu ls t:jh lg;ksx fy;k tk ldrk gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ubZ dfork esa yach dfork dh izklafxdrk] fcuk eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa ds] 'kwU; ds cjkcj ekuh tk,xhA var esa bruk vkSj tksMu + k pkgw¡xk fd fopkjd eqfDrcksèk us dfork dh Hkk"kk vkfn ij Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ fparu izLrqr fd;k gS vkSj cgqr gh larfq yr lksp dk ifjp; fn;k gS] tSls muds vuqlkj] ^lkekU; ckrphr dh Hkk"kk gh dkO;&Hkk"kk ds :i esa mi;qDr gS vkSj lkekU; ckrphr esa lkèkkj.k :i ls ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] os lc ubZ dfork esa xzg.k gks ldrs gSAa * ¼eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] i`- 344½A blds lkFk gh mUgksu a s ;g Hkh ekuk gS fd dkO;&Hkk"kk esa lkekU; okrkZyki dh Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dk vFkZ ;g ughaa gksrk fd mlesa laL—r 'kCnksa dk R;kT; gksA eqfDrcksèk dkO;&Hkk"kk ds :i esa ckrphr ds mlh [kkl :i dks Lohdkj djrs gSa ftlesa dkO;kRedrk gksrh gSA ¼u, dfo;ksa ds dkO;&f'kYi&fln~èkkar] fnfod jes'k] i`- 221&222½A ysfdu bl fo"k; ij foLrkj ls fQj dHkhA

106 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 106@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk % ^v¡èksjs es*a ds lanHkZ esa & izk-s jktef.k 'kekZ fdlh jpuk ds Hkhrj èk¡lus dk igyk vkSj vafre ekè;e gS] Hkk"kkA Hkk"kk ds ekè;e ls gh rks jpukdkj dh laons uk] lkaL—frd ifjos'k] lksp ds èkjkry] mlds vius la?k"kZ vkfn lHkh gekjs lkeus ,d&ds&ckn&,d izdkf'kr gks mBrs gSAa ikBd oxZ dks vdFk eLrh ls Hkj nsu]s peR—r dj nsu]s jpuk ds laosn~; ls rknkRE; LFkkfir djk nsus dh 'kfDr dfork ds vfHkO;Dr :i Hkkf"kd :i ;k Hkkf"kd lajpuk O;oLFkk ls gh gksrh gSA jpukdkj dh ;g 'kfDr dsoy 'kCnksa dks tksMu + s ?kVkus esa ughaa vfirq Hkk"kk dks izlo&osnuk ln`'k ;k mlls Hkh vkxs c<+dj vuqHko dj izLrqr djus esa gksrh gSA ;g jpukdkj dh viuh jpuk&izfØ;k dk ,d egRoiw.kZ] izFke egRoiw.kZ i{k gksrk gSA os mldh ihM+k dh vry xgjkb;ksa esa Mwcs jgrs gSAa ;g Mwcuk ftlesa ftruk vfèkd xgjk gksxk] og mruk gh vfèkd eksrh [kkst yk,xk vkSj ;g ihM+k] ftldh ftruh vfèkd gksxh mlds eksrh mrus gh vfèkd pednkj gksxa As ^ihM+k* oS;fDrd gksrs gq, Hkh lkekftd gksrh gS vkSj ;g lkekftdrk tgk¡ ;qx&psruk] ;qx&cksèk ls la;Dq r gksdj euq"; dh dgkuh dks nqgjkrh gqb]Z gj {k.k uofuekZ.k ds fy, iz;Ru'khy gksrh gS] ogha og vizklafxd vkSj iqjkus dks rksMr + h&NksMr + h gSA 'ks"k cps iqjkus vkSj u, ds lfEeJ.k ls ,d u;k] iwjh rjg u;k rkuk&ckuk cqu Mkyrk gSA Hkk"kk dh ifj.kfr Hkh ;gh gksrh gSA fujarj ekj [kkrh BqdjkbZ tkrh cspkjh] gj jpukdkj n~okjk Bksd&ihVdj vyx&vyx :i ikrh jgrh gSA fganh dfork dh Hkk"kk ds Lo:i fufeZfr vkSj fuèkkZj.k izfØ;k esa eqfDrcksèk ,d ize[q k gLrk{kj gSA 1917 esa tUes ;k;kokj eqfDrcksèk dks cgqr NksVk thou feykA yach chekjh ds ckn 1964 esa os dky dofyr gq,A 47 o"kZ dh voLFkk esa chekjh vkSj fganh txr ls mudk pyk tkuk muds thou&la?k"kZ dh vdFk xkFkk dg tkrk gSA ijaijk dks rksM+dj u, thou dk mUgksaus lans'k gh ughaa fn;k] vfirq mls Lo;a ft;k HkhA iz—fr ls yM+kdw] la?k"kZ ls dHkh u Fkdus okys] fujarj fy[krs jgus okys bl fganh ltZd us dHkh fdlh ls gkj ughaa ekuh] vkfFkZd vHkkoksa esa thdj Hkh os dHkh fdlh ds lkeus >qds ughaAa viuh vfeV ykylkvksa dh iwfrZ fo'ks"kdj dkWyt s dh ysDpjjf'ki izkfIr ds fy, iz;kljr eqfDrcksèk us Hkkjrh; lekt dks iqu% uo:i nsus dk iz;kl fd;kA 1953 esa fganh lkfgR; esa ,e-,- dh mikfèk izkIr djuk muds blh la?k"kZ xkFkk vkSj vVwV thouh 'kfDr dk ifjpk;d gSA bUgksu a ]s lekt gh ughaa fganh lkfgR; esa Hkh vk¡èkh rwQku dh Hkk¡fr izo's k dj mls tM+ ls fgykdj mldh xfr vkSj èkkjk dks cny Mkyus dk iz;kl fd;kA jk"Vªh;] varjjk"Vªh;] jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd rFkk lkaL—frd lokyksa ls xgjs yxko 107 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 107@^v¡

vkSj vkneh dh gkyr dks cnyus dh dksf'k'k esa mudh lPph bZekunkjh] lPph lk>snkjh >ydrh gSA oLrqr% ^muds fy, gj jpuk ,d Hk;kud 'kCnghu vaèkdkj dks & tks vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; thou ds pkjksa vksj phu dh nhokj dh rjg f[kapk gqvk gS & yk¡?kus dh ,d vkSj dksf'k'k FkhA lkjk bfrgkl eqfDrcksèk ds fy, ,d pqukSrh FkkA eè;oxZ bl bfrgkl dh ,d xqRFkh gS] ftls eqfDrcksèk le>uk lqy>kuk pkgrs FksA*1 fganh dfork ds lkjs ;qxksa dk vkdyu djrs gq, mls fo'o lanHkZ esa fu[kjrs&ij[krs eqfDrcksèk :f<+xLz r] dBeqYykiu vkSj fln~/kkaroknh fganh leh{kk dks ekuo&ewY;ksa vkSj iSekus dk <jkZ idM+kus okys leh{kd gSAa leh{kk ds ekè;e ls lkfgR;&l`tu dk <jkZ cny nsus ds fy, O;kdqy&vkdqy eqfDrcksèk ,d lR;kUos"kh dh Hkk¡fr gj laHko rF;&lR;] ekU;rk dks izLrqr djus ds lkFk&lkFk tk¡prs igpkurs utj vkrs gSAa QyLo:i ^mudh dfork,¡ vn~Hkqr ladr s ks&a Hkjh] ftKklksa ls vfLFkj dHkh nwj ls gh 'kksj epkrh dHkh dkuksa esa pqipki jkt dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa geh dks lqukrh gSa vkSj ge vius dks ,dne pfdr gksdj ns[krs gSa vkSj igys ls vkSj Hkh vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSAa *2 lkB ds vkl&ikl ^l`tu lacèa kh ftu my>uks]a varnZ o~ na o~ ksa vkSj mudh vfHkO;fDr dk l'kDr vkSj vuks[kk :i lkeus vk;k] mldh 'kq:vkr mudh izkjafHkd jpukvks]a rkj lIrddkyhu dforkvksa esa lkQ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA* eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk % Le`frxHkhZ Hkk"kk MkW- dsnkjukFk flag dk dguk lVhd gS fd ^eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ vius le; ds thfor bfrgkl dks dfork esa cnyus dh dfBu pqukSrh dk lkeuk djus okyh dfork,¡ gSAa dyk dh n`f"V ls ;g ,d eqf'dy dke gS D;ksfa d bfrgkl dk] [kkl rkSj ls ln~;% ?kfVr bfrgkl dk dPpk dky bl dke esa dfo dh cgqr nwj rd enn ughaa djrk 'kk;n dfork blhfy, cgqr 'kq: ls Le`frxHkhZ Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djrh vkbZ gSA*3 ;s eqf'dysa eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa esa Li"V >ydrh gSaA fu'p; gh eqfDrcksèk us dkO;Hkk"kk ds :i esa Le`frxHkhZ Hkk"kk dks viuk;kA v¡èksjs esa O;fDr dks igpkurs gq, Hkh eqfDrcksèk ughaa igpku ikrs] mUgsa yxrk gS ;g ogh O;fDr gS tks frfyLeh [kksg esa feyk Fkk] tks esjh lqfoèkkvksa dk [;ky fd, fcuk gj txg] gj le; mifLFkr gks tkrk gS] og VkWYlVk;uqek rks gS] ij dksbZ vkSj gSA ;gk¡ os viuh Le`fr ij tksj nsrs gSAa igpkuus ds ckj&ckj iz;kl esa dHkh og Lo;a vius dks ml :i esa ikrs gSa vkSj dHkh og VkWYlVk;] fryd] xkaèkh] oSfnd 'kqu%'ksi ;k muds 'kki Hkz"V firk vthxrZ esa viuk izfrfcac ikrs gS&a ^oSfnd _f"k 'kqu%'ksi ds 'kki Hkz"V firk vthxrZ leku gh O;fDrRo viuk gh vius ls [kks;k gqvk ogh mls vdLekr~ feyrk Fkk jkr esAa *4 blh O;fDrRo dh] dfYir O;fDrRo & 'kk;n vius gh O;fDrRo dh 108 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 108@^v¡

igpku dh O;k[;k ds fy, eqfDrcksèk Hkk"kk ds gj vk;ke dks VVksyrs gS]a lHkh vk;ke dks dlkSVh ij dlrs gS]a HkV~Bh esa ngdkrs gS]a vkSj fQj ihV&ihVdj u,&u, vkStkj cukrs gSAa vkSj ml ij ubZ 'kku p<+krs gSAa ij bl viukus dh izfØ;k esa bUgksu a s iqjkus ekuksa dks cny Mkyk & ^rksMu + s gksaxs gh eB vkSj x<+ lcA ig¡p q uk gksxk nqxe Z igkM+kas ds ml ikjA*5 oLrqr% Hkk"kk dk vkèkkj dkO;oLrq gksrk gSA jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; lanHkkZas ls ihfM+r Hkkjrh; ekufldrk] viuh vfLerk dh [kkst esa nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrh Hkkjrh; thouèkkjk] eè;oxZ dh ykylk,¡ vkfn rFkk mPp oxZ ls mldk la?k"kZ] fuEuoxZ ls mldk vyxko Hkkjrh; lkfgR;dkjksa dh izfrcn~/krk dk bfrgkl vkfn lc dqN us eqfDrcksèk ds xgu fofoèk thoukuqHko dks le`n/~ k cuk;kA bu lcesa eqfDrcksèk dh laons uk tqVrh vkSj vyx gksrh jgh] mlls cgqr dqN xzg.k djrh jgh % ^crkvks rks fdl&fdlds fy, rqe nkSM+ x, d#.kk ds n`';ksa ls gk;! eq¡g eksM+ x, cu x, iRFkjA*6 okLrfod ljksdkj dh Hkk"kk cuke vuqHkwfre;h vfHkO;fDr dh Hkk"kk cuke u, vFkZ esa la;qDr 'kCnksa ds [kkst dh Hkk"kk ubZ dfork ds nkSj esa Hkk"kk dh leL;k ls vifjfpr ughaa FksA os bl dfork ds fy, Hkkf"kd vis{kkvksa ij xaHkhjrkiwod Z fopkj djrs gq, viuh Hkkf"kd psruk vkSj Hkkf"kd jpuk&izfØ;k Hkh Li"V dj tkrs gSa % ^viuh O;fDreRrk ds vkl&ikl Vdjkus okyh ekuo&thou dh ekfeZd okLrfodrkvksa dks izdV djus ds fy, ftl izdkj dh 'kSyh vkSj 'kCn laink pkfg,] mlds fy, la?k"kZ djuk vko';d gSA ¼mls½ vkRelkr~ djuk gh gksxkA*7 ^nq%[kksa ds nkxksa dks rlxks&a lk iguk vius gh [k;kyksa esa fnu&jkr jguk vlax cqnf~ /k o vdsys esa lguk ftanxh fuf"Ø; cu xbZ ry ?kj vc rd D;k fd;k thou D;k ft;kA* O;fDr Lokra™; ds uke ij eu dks tM+hHkwr djus ds i{kikrh os ugha] blhfy, muds eu esa iz'u mBrk gSA eqfDrcksèk fofHkUu thou fLFkfr;ks]a euksn'kkvks]a ekuo&pfj=ksa rFkk okrkoj.k dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, 'kSyh vkSj 'kCn&laink dk fodkl vko';d vkSj fujarj xfreku izfØ;k ekurs gSAa 9 fdarq buds vfHkO;fDrdj.k esa lsl a j Hkh lfØ; gks mBrk gSA QyLo:i O;fDrRo viuh lai.w kZ rstfLork vkSj nqnHZ k vkdka{kk ds lkFk 109 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 109@^v¡

[kqydj lkeus ughaa vkrkA ^og jgL;e; O;fDr vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gSA* ;fn og [kqydj lkeus vkus yxs rks ^lkSna ;kZfHk#fp chp esa Vk¡x vM+k nsrh 10 gSA* oLrqr% ;s lal s j ml fLFkfr esa lfØ; gksrs gSa tc ge vuqHkwr lRRkk rFkk vuqHkkfork O;fDrRo ds iwjs xq.kksa dks izdV djus esa vfHk#fp&nks"k le>rs gSAa lal s j dh ;g lfØ;rk gesa tM+hHkwr cuk nsrh gSA QyLo:i 'kSyh ds uke ij 'kSyhdj.k ¼LVkbykbts'ku½ pyrk jgrk gSA bls gh ge dkO; le>us yxs gSAa 11 dfork ;g ughaa gS] dfork dh izfØ;k fujkyh gSA mldk eu KkukRed laons u vkSj laons ukRed Kku ls ckg;~ thou txr dks xzg.k dj vius vuq:i laiknu] la'kksèku] lqlLa dj.k djrk gSA ;s n`'; ;k fp= Hkh mls fuEu eè;oxZ ls izkIr gksrs gSaA eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj] jpukdkj dks] jpuk dh lewph lkexzh] lewpk n`';] lewph Hkk"kk mldh vFkZoRRkk vkfn lc dqN og 'kksf"kr] ihfM+r] lkekftd fo"kerk dk i;kZ; cuk dqafBr la=Lr] Mjk fuEuoxZ gh ns ikrk gS vkSj ftlus bl oxZ dh [kkst ughaa dh] mldh ihM+k dks viuh ihM+k ughaa cukbZ] og bZekunkj jpukdkj dSls gks ldrk gSA mls rks okLrfod ljksdkj ls tqVdj okLrfod ljksdj dh Hkk"kk [kkstuh gksxh] ftlls vkØks'k] O;aX;] fonzkgs gksxk vkSj ;gh gksxh dfork dh vlyh Hkk"kk & ^dfork esa dgus dh vknr ugha]a ij dg nw¡ orZeku lekt py ughaa ldrk iw¡th ls tqMk+ gqvk] ân; cny ughaa ldrk Lokra™; O;fDr dk oknh Ny ughaa ldrk eqfDr ds eu dks tu dksA*12 ^tu* ;gk¡ vR;ar lkFkZd uohu vFkZ ls lai`Dr 'kCn gSA ;g og ^tu* gS tks 'kksf"kr vkSj ihfM+r gSA blhfy, dfork dh ifjHkk"kk gh cny Mkyrs gSAa eqfDrcksèk viuh dfork dks dfork blfy, ughaa dgrs D;ksfa d u rks og ijaijk iksf"kr dfork gS] u gh ijaijk dks foLe`r djus okyhA mUgsa rks ryk'k gS] ml ;qx dh] ml thoukn'kZ dh tks ekuork ds lkFk tUek Fkk] vkt foljk;k gqvk gSA ;gh thoukn'kZ] ;gh ;qx&;qx jpukdkj dks u,&u, 'kCn lgpj ns ldrk gS vkSj mldh lr~fpr osnuk dks HkkLoj cuk ldrk gSA ^ej x;k ,d ;qx ej x;k ,d thoukn'kZ ikÅ¡ eSa u,&u, lgpj ldeZd lr~fpr~ osnuk HkkLojA*13 110 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 110@^v¡

oLrqr% Hkk"kk&[kkst gsrq eqfDrcksèk ds iz;kl vkSj mudh Hkk"kk&lajpuk izfØ;k dks tkuus dh ;g dqt a h gSA os viuh vfHkO;fDr ds lgpj ds :i esa u,&u, vFkZoku 'kCnksa dh [kkst dj mUgsa lkekftd laons uk dh izrhfr ds mi;qDr cukrs gSa vkSj os ;g tkurs gSa fd orZeku lekt ds ijaifjr fofèk&foèkkuks]a iqjkus iM+ x, tM+ thoun'kkZ]as xyh&lM+h :f<+;ksa ds fonzkgs esa gh bl 'kCn&laons uk ds cht fon~;eku gSA ;g ifjHkk"kk mUgsa ^mRihM+dksa vkSj 'kks"kdksa ds fo#n~/k la?k"kZ ds fy, rS;kj djus yxrh gSA*14 eqfDrcksèk Lo;a blh oxZ ds FksA bl oxZ dh ihM+k lhek vkSj lkeF;Z dk mUgkau s s lk{kkRdkj fd;k FkkA ;n~;fi bldk fodkl u, dfo;ksa esa gS] ij Hkko&laons ukvksa ds vuqdy w rn~ul q kjh dykRed miknku vkSj laons u'khy dykRed Hkk"kk dks dkO; Lrj ds vuq:i u fodflr izLrqr dj ikus dh foo'krk ;k vlQyrk Hkh Li"V >ydrh gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ,d rjg eqfDrcksèk n~okjk dkO;oLrq dh [kkst dk iz;kl gS] nwljh rjQ] iwjh rjg vkRelkr ubZ&ubZ dkO;oLrq dh LoIu vkSj tkx`fr ds lgkjs Hkk"kk&lajpuk&izfØ;k ds mn~?kkVu dk iz;kl HkhA fu'p; gh dfo dks viuh vfHkO;fDr gsrq 'kCn&laons uk tkx`r djus ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk gSA eqfDrcksèk Lo;a Lohdkj djrs gSa fd la?k"kZ ds QyLo:i mRiUu vfHkO;fDr dh izFke fLFkfr grizHk dh gksrh gS ^fdar]q eSa grizHk@ ugha] og le> esa vkrkA*15 vkSj vkRek dh izfrek] ân; esa fjl jgs Kku dk i;kZ; gksrs gq, Hkh jpukdkj dh ;g vfHkO;fDr] viuh iw.kZrk ughaa ik ldh & ^vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gSA*16 iw.kZrk dk iz;kl vkSj la?k"kZ pyrk jgrk gSA cksèk gksrs gq, Hkh vfHkO;fDr viw.kZ gSA blfy, fd cksèk dk ;gh vafre vkSj iw.kZ :i ughaAa vkt jpukdkj dh foo'krk vkSj mldh lhek ij Hkh fopkj djrs gq, eqfDrcksèk tuksi;ksx vkSj yksdfgr esa losnuk dh ok.kh nsus dk vkg~oku djrs gS&a ^gk;] gk;! eSu a s mUgsa xqgkokl ns fn;k yksd&fgr {ks= ls dj fn;k oafpr tuksi;ksx ls oftZr sfd;k--------A*17 tuksi;ksx rFkk yksdfgr dks ok.kh nsus dh izfØ;k esa jpukdkj n~okjk 'kCn&laons uk dks Nhyus dh fØ;k Hkh lfØ; jgrh gS & ^Nhys tk jgk esjk ;g futRo gh dksbZA*18 jpuk&izfØ;k ds xgu vè;;u&ijh{k.k ds i'pkr os ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ^vkt ds dfo dks] ,d lkFk rRo ds fy,] vfHkO;fDr dks l{ke cukus ds fy, vkSj n`f"V ds fodkl ds fy, la?k"kZ djuk gksrk gSA*19 ;g ân; esa la?k"kZ dh fLFkfr dk tud gksrk gS tks 'kCn&laons ukvksa dks ,d ,slh QkslZ ds :i esa mHkkjrk gS ftlesa ân; gh :ikf;r gks mBrk gS & ^dksbZ xqIr 'kfDr ân; esa pqipkr djrh gS ppkZAA*20 111 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 111@^v¡

^mlesa rks esjs gh xqIr fopkj o nch gqbZ laons uk,¡ o vuqHko*21 'kCnkfHkO;fDr ,d riL;k gSA ;g varl~ esa vkSj vfèkd izo's k] rRo vkSj vkRe ls vkSj fudVre lk{kkRdkj dk dky gksrk gSA thoukuqHkoksa ls lai`Dr mldh cqnf~ /k laons ukRed mn~n's ; ds vuq:i 'kCn;kstuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr&fuekZ.k esa ,d laiknd dk] la'kksèkd dk dk;Z djrh gS & ^gj 'kCn fut izfr 'kCn dks Hkh dkVrk og :i vius fcac ls Hkh tw> foo`RRkkdkj&—fr gs cu jgkA* eqfDrcksèk bl fLFkfr dks cM+h bZekunkjh ls Lohdkj djrs gSa & ^dy gh rks cw<]s+ cgqr cw<s+ firkth us eq>ls dgk Fkk fd vkf[kjh lk¡l NwVus rd u;k lh[kuk iM+rk gS] vius vki esa la'kksèku djrs jguk iM+rk gSA*22 ;g LohdkjksfDr mudh 'kCnkfHkO;fDr vHkko dk ladr s d gSA23 bldk dkj.k os jpukdkj ds n~ona o~ dks ekurs gSAa vkt dh dfork fdlh&u&fdlh izdkj ls vius ifjos'k ds lkFk n~ona o~ dh fLFkfr esa mifLFkr gksrh gSA ;g n~ona o~ jpukdkj dh ckSn~f/kdrk ds lgkjs varl esa izo's k dj ,slh fo'o&n`f"V ds fodkl ds fy, izfs jr djrk gS ftlds n~okjk ^O;kid thou txr~ dh O;k[;k gks lds rFkk varthZou ds Hkhrj ds vkanksyu] vkj&ikj QSyh gqbZ okLrfodrk ds lanHkZ ls O;k[;kf;r] fo'ysf"kr vkSj ewY;kafdr gksA*24 eqfDrcksèk Hkk"kk&lajpuk dks dyk dk] jpuk&izfØ;k dk rhljk {k.k Lohdkj djrs gSAa ^dyk oLrq&rRo&varrZRo&O;oLFkk dk gh ,d Hkkx gSA os ,sls varrZRo gSa tks ckgj ds èkDds ls ;k mu èkDdksa ls] lap; ls mn~ofs yr vFkkZr ¼1½ rjaxkf;r] ¼2½ ekufld n`f"V ds lEeq[k mn~?kkfVr] ¼3½ thou ewY;ksa rFkk iwor Z j vuqHkoksa ls vkyksfdr rFkk ¼4½ vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vkrqj gks mBrs gSAa bl vkrqjrk] bl NViVkgV dks tc ge 'kCn] jax rFkk Loj esa vfHkO;Dr djus yxrs gS]a rc dyk dk rhljk {k.k 'kq: gks tkrk gSA vfHkO;fDr dk lkèku&Hkk"kk ,d lkekftd izfØ;k gSA vfHkO;fDr ds ekè;e ^'kCn&la;ksx* Hkko ijaijk vkSj Kku ijaijk ls iw.kZ gksrs gSAa QyLo:i gesa vius ân;xr rRoksa dks vius ekSfyd :i&jax vkSj Hkkj ls LFkkfir vkSj izkdV~; gsrq u, 'kCn la;ksx cukus ;k ykus iM+rs gSAa gesa uohu oØksfDr;ksa vkSj Hkafxekvksa dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gSA lkFk gh dYiuk 'kfDr Hkh uo&uohu :i&fcacksa dk foèkku djrs gS]a ftlls euLrRo vkSj ekSfyd jax :i esa izdV gks ldsAa 25 ;gh ugha]a vfirq lkekftd laink gksus ds dkj.k Hkk"kk eukse; :i&rRoksa dks muds izdV gksus ds nkSjku ?kVk&c<+k nsrh gS vkSj vutkus <ax ls mlesa u, :irRo yk nsrh gSA lkFk gh og vfHkO;fDr la?k"kZ Hkk"kk dks dqN cny nsrh gS] mls uohu 'kCn 112 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 112@^v¡

la;ksx] uohu vFkZoRRkk vkSj ubZ Hkafxek,¡ vkSj O;atuk,¡ nsrk gSA bl izdkj dykdkj vutkus gh Hkk"kk dk fuekZ.k dj tkrk gS & ^feV~Vh ds yksans esa fdj.khys d.k&d.k xq.k gS] turk ds xq.kksa ls gh laHko Hkkoh dk mn~xe*26 lR; rks ;g gS fd :<+ vFkZ dks rksMd + j 'kCnksa ds Åij vuar iz;ksx ls teh gqbZ ijrksa dks QksMd + j dfo mUgsa fQj vewrZ djrk gS & ^,sls lc vFkkZas dh Nkrh ij iSj tek rksMx+s k dkjk,¡ dYe"k dh rksMxs+ k nqxZ lc vFkkZas ds vuFkZ ds*27 bl fLFkfr esa vfHkO;fDrdj.k ds fy, vkrqj eu viuh varj vfHkO;fDr dks dk;e j[kus vkSj mlh ekSfyd :i esa izdV gksu s s ds fy, Hkk"kk esa fofoèk izdkj ds 'kCnksa la;ksxksa dh jpuk djrs gSA bl izdkj os Hkk"kk ij viuk izHkko NksM+ tkrs gSAa Hkokuh izlkn feJ Hkh blh i{k ds leFkZd gSa & ^ftl rjg ge cksyrs gSa ml rjg rw fy[k vkSj mlds ckn Hkh gels cM+k rw fn[k* eqfDrcksèk Hkk"kk ifjorZu dk ukjk gh ughaa nsrs vfirq ubZ Hkk"kk&lajpuk izfØ;k dks uo&uohu cukus ds fy, fonzkgs dk >aMk Hkh mBk, fQjrs gSa & ^vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkus gh gksaxs rksMu + s gksxa s gh eB vkSj x<+ lc igq¡puk gksxk nqxe Z igkM+h ds ml ikj rc dgha ns[kus feysaxh ck¡gsaA*28 fdarq bl fLFkfr esa eqfDrcksèk jpukdkj dks rVLFk ughaa ekursA mudh n`f"V ls jpukdkj Hkk"kk dh lkekftdrk ds <k¡ps esa vius dks fQV djus ds fy, Lo;a gh vius vkidks dkVrs&rjk'krs jgrs gSAa 29 og lkèkkj.k ugha]a la?k"kZ'khy] vius izfr'kCnksa dks dkVus okys 'kCn dh [kkst djrk gS] tks vFkZ dks QSyko ns lds&a ^gj 'kCn fut izfr 'kCn dks Hkh dkVrk og :i vius fcac ls Hkh tw> foo`RRkkdkj&—fr gS cu jgkA* & czg~ejk{kl eqfDrcksèk dh n`f"V esa jpukdkj n~okjk Hkk"kk&fufeZfr&izfØ;k ;gha lekIr ughaa gksrh] vfirq mlesa thou txr dh vfHkO;fDr ds fy, vkè;kfRed lkeF;Z 113 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 113@^v¡

mRiUu djuk vko';d gSA*30 Hkk"kk dh [kkst dk ;g la?k"kZ vKs; Hkh >syrs gSa & ^vkt Hkh esjs lkeus tks leL;k gS vkSj ftldk gy ik ysuk eSa vius dfo&thou dh pje miyfCèk ekuw¡xk] og vFkZoku 'kCn dh leL;k gSA*31 ;gh ughaa ^vkt dk dfo] Hkk"kk dh Øe'k% ladfq pr gksrh gqbZ lkFkZdrk dh dsp a y q dks QkM+dj muesa u;k vfèkd O;kid] 32 vfèkd lkjxfHkZr vFkZ Hkjuk pkgrk gSA* èkwfey us Nk;kokn ls ysdj vius le; rd dh dfork dk cM+k csckd fp= izLrqr fd;k gS & Nk;kokn ds dfo 'kCnksa dks rksydj j[krs FksA iz;ksxokn ds dfo 'kCnksa dks VVksydj j[krs FksA ubZ dfork ds dfo 'kCnksa dks xksydj j[krs FksA lu lkB ds ckn ds dfo 'kCnksa dks [kksydj j[krs gSAa 33 fdarq èkwfey dh vis{kk eqfDrcksèk dk dFku bl dky dh dforkvksa ds lanHkZ esa vfèkd lkFkZd gS & ^fd xf>u 'kCnksa ds bl ?kus vèkadkj esa eSa vFkZ ifjorZu dh vcw> izfØ;k gw¡wA* Li"Vr% ;gk¡ eqfDrcksèk 'kCn rd gh ughaa vfirq vFkZ ifjorZu dh izfØ;k dks jpukdkj dh miyfCèk Lohdkj djrs gSAa Hkk"kk dh bl [kkst vkSj NksM+ esa mudh fLFkfr uhp VsªtM s h dh gks tkrh gS & ^fil x;k og Hkhrjh vkSj ckgjh nks dfBu ikVksa chp ,slh Vªt s M s h gS uhpA*34 ;g eqfDrcksèk ds varj vkSj ckg~; la?k"kZ dh ifj.kfr gSA rHkh rks lPpkbZ dk lkxj gksrs gq, Hkh mudh Hkk"kk udkjh tkrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dk vkØks'k ckSnf~ /kd oxZ ds izfr Hkh gS tks viuh ftEesnkjh dh LokFkZ dh osnh ij cfy ns nsrk gS & ^ckSnf~ /kd oxZ gS Øhrnkl fdjk, ds fopkjksa dk mn~HkklA*35 vkSj vlkekU; ije vRd"kZ izkIr og vfHkO;fDr dgk¡ feysxh bldk dksbZ fBdkuk ugha]a blfy, jpukdkj dks bl l`f"V ds gj dksus dk lw{ekfrlw{e fujh{k.k djuk iM+rk gS & ^ije vfHkO;fDr vfojr ?kwerh gS tx esa irk ughaa tkus dgk¡] tkus dgk¡ og gS blfy, eSa gj xyh esa vkSj gj lM+d ij >k¡d&>k¡d ns[krk gw¡] gj ,d psgjk*36 jpukdkj dh iw.kZrk blh ije vfHkO;fDr dh izkfIr esa gksrh gS ftls og 114 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 114@^v¡

iBkj] igkM+] leqanj rd [kkstrk fQjrk gS vkSj ;g vfHkO;fDr dsoy lkekU; gh ughaa gksrh] ije Hkh gksrh gS] vfuokj Hkh vkSj vkRelaHkok HkhA [kkstrk gw¡ iBkj---A igkM+----A leqanj tgk¡ fey lds esjh og [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj vkRelaHkokA*37 v¡èksjs esa ,d QSaVslh ^v¡èksjs es*a QSVa l s h gSA QSVa l s h ftlesa jpukdkj orZeku dks vrhr ds ekè;e ls :ikf;r djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA lhèks ;FkkFkZ dks u mdsjdj og vrhr ds ;FkkFkZ dk lgkjk ysrk gSA lR; rks ;g gS fd orZeku ls vrhr dh vksj mUeq[krk QSVa l s h dh ewy izo`fRr gSA jpukdkj dYiuk ds lgkjs vrhr ds Hkhrj tkdj iqjkuh dgkuh ds n~okjk orZeku dh ;FkkFkZ >yd nsrk gSA QSVa l s h dk iz;ksx dfork esa ,d midj.k ds :i esa jpukdkj djrk gSA oLrqr% QSVa l s h jpuk in~èkfr ¶yS'kcSd in~/kfr gksrh gSA orZeku ds lanHkZ esa vrhr ;kn vkrk jgrk gSA vfHkO;fDr ds Lo:i dh [kkst dh ;g izfØ;k gh oLrqr% jpuk&izfØ;k gS vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh iw.kZr;k gh jpuk dh iw.kZrkA lkFk gh vfHkO;fDr dh ;g iw.kZrk gh Hkk"kk dh iw.kZrk gSA eqfDrcksèk Hkh Lohdkj djrs gSa & ^QSVa l s h vuqHko dh dU;k gS vkSj ml dU;k dk viuk Lora= fodkleku O;fDrRo gSA og vuqHko ls izlr w gSA blfy, og mlls Lora= gSA 'kCn cn~/k gksus ij vFkok fpf=r gksus ij tks —fr ;k jpuk rS;kj gksrh gS og —fr ;k jpuk dyk ds nwljs {k.k dh QSVa l s h dh iq=h gS] izfr—fr ughaAa * ^vèksjs es*a dfork dk jpukrRo QSVa l s h ds rRo ls lacn~/k gSA QSVa l s hijd jpukvksa esa fdlh okn ¼ekDlZokn½ ds ?ksjs dh vfuok;Zrk ughaa gksrhA ij fon~oku ekDlZokfn;ksa dh ;g èkkj.kk gS fd QSVa l s h ekDlZoknh dh dV~Vjrk ds fo#n~/k ifjos'k] ns'k vkSj dky ds vuq:i lkekthdj.k dh izfØ;k gSA ;g lR; gS fd eqfDrcksèk ekDlZoknh [kses ds dfo gS]a ij mudk ekDlZokn Hkkjrh;rk dks viukrs gq, mlds ifjos'k ds vuqdy w ml ekuorkokn dk vkSj jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dk tud gS ftlesa Hkzfer vkSj n~ona o~ xzLr Hkkjrh; ekuork ¼ftlds Lo;a izrhd eqfDrcksèk gS½a dh ;FkkFkZ fLFkfr dk fp=.k gSA oLrqr% ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ns'k ds vkèkqfud tu bfrgkl dk Lora=rkiwoZ vkSj i'pkr dk ,d ngdrk bLikrh nLrkost gSA blesa vtc vkSj vn~Hkqr :i ls O;fDr vkSj tu dk ,dhdj.k gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dk eqgkojk gSA jpukoyh ds izdkf'kr jpukvksa dh vfèkla[; dforkvksa dk dsna z cuk ;g 'kCn vkèkqfud thou txr] ekuo ds la=kl] daB q k dk izrhd gSA vkèkqfud ekuo dks O;Dr djus ds fy, blls cf<+;k 'kCn@eqgkojk [kkst ikuk dfBu gSA ;g ml vdF;] vlaHko dF; ;k dg ikus 115 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 115@^v¡

esa vleFkZ dfo dh izdkf'kr djus okyk 'kCn gSA ,slk 'kCn] tks dqN u dgdj Hkh] vkt ds ekuoh; nq[k&nnZ] ihM+k dh dgkuh gwcgw mlh ds 'kCnksa esa dg tkrk gSA ;g 'kCn Lo;a eqfDrcksèk] ml eqfDrcksèk dh tks lekt&lkis{k gS] tks lekt&laofs nr gS] dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj O;k[;k gS mudh vkdka{kk] la=kl] dqB a k] O;Fkk osnuk dks ok.kh nsrk gSA blhfy, ^v¡èksjs es*a ,slh QSVa l s h curh gS ftlesa dYiuk dh fofp=rk Hkwr] izr s ] tknw vFkkZr jgL; vkSj Hk;] la=kl :ikf;r gSA vr% blls tqMs+ 'kCn ?kVd bl jpuk ds dsna z esa gSa % ^vkSj esjs ân; dh èkd~&èkd~ iwNrh gS & og dkSu lqukbZ tks nsrk ij ughaa nsrk fn[kkbZ brus esa vdLekr~ fxjrs gSa Hkhr ls Qwys gq, iyLrj f[kjrh gS pwus Hkjh jsr ××× Lo;efi ew[k cu tkrk gS fnoky ij uqdhyh ukd vkSj HkO; yykyV gS ××× dksbZ vutkuh vuigpkuh vk—fr ××× frfyLeh [kksg dk f'kyk n~okj [kqyrk gS èkM+ ls* 'kCn ;kstuk Hk; dh o`n~f/k ds fy, dHkh os ihiy] cjxn] dHkh dqRRkksa dh vkokt] fl;kjksa dh gks&gks] dHkh jsyxkM+h ds ifg;ksa ls vkrh vkokt ls ,DlhMsVa dk cksèk djkdj vuisf{kr ?kVuk dh Hk;kudrk dk ladsr dj tkrs gSa rks dHkh lSfudksa ds fDod ekpZ ds lkFk VSad] eksVkZj] vkfVZyjh dks 'kkfey dj lSfud iz'kklu n~okjk] dHkh lqulku pkSjkgs ds lk¡oysiu] xs#vk ?kaVk?kj vkSj mlds dRFkbZ cqtxq Z xqacn] [kaHkksa ij yVdrh fctyh dh xnZusa] ifjos'k] vkt ds ekuo ifjos'k] fo'ks"kdj Hkkjrh; thou ifjos'k dh Hk;kudrk vkSj mldk la=kl vkfn fpf=r dj tkrs gSaA oLrqr% dfork dk lewpk jpukra= bUgha 'kCn&laosnukvksa ds bnZ&fxnZ eaMjkrk utj vkrk gS tks mudh jpuk&izfØ;k vkSj dkO; lkèkuk dk izfrQy gSA 'kCn&;kstuk dh ljf.k esa eqfDrcksèk dh ize[q k fo'ks"krk vizpfyr ,oa vrhr dks n`';eku djus okyh 'kCnkoyh dk iz;ksx gSA rRle 'kCn dks ysdj rn~Hko dh ubZ izfØ;k esa mls <kyus ls ysdj mu 'kCnksa n~okjk dkfyd ¼Hkwr] Hkfo";] 116 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 116@^v¡

orZeku½ izHkko dks n`';eku djuk eqfDrcksèk dh 'kCn laons uk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA eqfDrcksèk dh fo'ks"krk fofp= uke&èkkrqvksa dh fufeZr esa Hkh yf{kr gSA ;Fkk & ^fdlh dkys MS'k dh ?kuh dkyh iV~Vh gks varjky fooj ds re esa dqgjs esa lkeus] jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#"k ,d rstks izHkkoe; mldk yykV ns[kA* ,sls vusd 'kCn bl dfork esa Hkjs iM+s ftuls fofp= uke èkkrqvksa dh fufeZfr gksrh gSA ;Fkk& foosd&fo{kksHk] re&varjky] iykrd] ihrkyksd&izlkj] rkWYlrk;] fryd] xkaèkh] izk's kslu] dSoyjh] mnjEHkfj] vukRe] eLrd&;a=] ldeZd lr~&fpr&osnuk&HkkLoj] rstfLØ; jsfM;ks ,fDVo ;a= vkfnA ;g dfork dsoy tkfr ds 'kCnksa ls ughaa cuh] vfirq n'kZu] jktuhfr] ra= vkSj euksfoKku] xf.kr] lkfgR;] u{k= foKku ls tqMs+ vla[; 'kCnksa dks ;g dfork fcuk fdlh dkyØe esa lacn~/k djrh gSA bldh 'kCnkoyh Hkkf"kd dksykt cukrh gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a % vkRekyki 'kSyh dh izèkkurk oLrqr% ;g vkRekyki ¼eksuksykWx½ 'kSyh] Lo;a ls gh ckr dh 'kSyh] esa fy[kh xbZ dfork gS ysfdu mldh cspu S h fparu ds lalkj ls ckgj fudyrh gS vkSj feFkd@vkdZVs kbi esa cny tkrh gSA ;g vkRekyki LoIu vkSj LoIu Hkax ls lacafèkr vkRekyki gS ftlesa [kkst gS & [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj vkRelaHkok vkfn dksA vFkkZr eqfDrcksèk bls vUos"k.kghu vkRedsfa nzr fparu dh dfork cuk nsrs gSa & ^fdarq og QVs gq, oL= D;ksa igus gS-a -jksVh mls dkSu igq¡pkrk gS\--fQj Hkh] mlds eq[k ij fLer D;ksa gS\*38 ^izpaM 'kfDreku D;ksa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS\ ×××× mldk rw 'kksèkdj! og rsjh iw.kZre ije vfHkO;fDr*39 okD; okD; Hkk"kk dh iw.kZre bdkbZ gSA ;g okD;ka'kksa dh dfork gSA jpukdkj us fo'ks"k rjg ds okD;ka'kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS tks dfork ds eqgkojk&ra= dks laiUu cukrs gSAa Mj vkSj yM+kbZ bl dfork ds eq[; eqgkojs gSa & ^vdLekr~ pkj dk xtj [kM+dk esjk fny èkM+dk 117 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 117@^v¡

××× vfxur dkyh&dkyh gk;Qu MS'kksa dh ydhjksa dh gypy lc vksj fc[kjko dkys&dkys 'kgrhj Nr ds ân; ncksprsA*40 ^[kaHkkas ij fctyh dh xnZuas yVdhA*41 ^xqacn fopj esa cSBs cw<s+ vlaHko i{kh*42 f cac ;qn/~ k] jgL; [kaM tqyl w ] ?kksM]s+ fefyVªh] Mªl s vkSj ljdl ls tqMs+ gq, reke pk{kq"k fcac bl dfork esa gSAa nqxkZ ewfrZ;ks]a 'kfu izfrekvksa ls Hkh n`'; :ikf;r gSA fcac dfork dh ,d vfuok;Z vis{kk gS] fdarq eqfDrcksèk ds fcac vyx igpku cukrs gSAa ^ekuo lacèa kksa dh bl fxjkoV ds tekus esa esjh dfork dh lkjh bestjh&fcac ekyk fodflr gqbAZ mlesa ?kus dkys] yky vkSj uhys] tkeuh vkSj cSxa uh jax gSAa euq"; lacèa kksa dh Hkh"k.k fxjkoV ds chp euq"; nhfIr ds tks izdk'keku n`'; esjs lkeus vk,] mUgha ds lgkjs esjk thou vkxs c<+rk jgkA*43 ^;g ,d u;k thoar okLro FkkA bl okLro esa la?k"kZ'khy euq"; dks vufxur ifjfLFkfr;k¡] eu%fLFkfr;k¡ vkSj oLrq fLFkfr;k¡ FkhaA mUgha dqN O;kid lkekUbZdj.kksa esa <kydj dkO; :i nsus dh vko';drk FkhA eSu a as ml fn'kk esa 'kfDr Hkj dksf'k'k dh gSA iznh?kZ dfork,¡ mlh dh mit gSA* ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ls bus&fxus ughaa vufxur fcac gSAa vkt ds ekuo dh foo'krk] VwVu] ihM+k] Hk; la=kl] dqB a k] Åc] fonzkgs ds fp= bl dfork esa Hkjs gSA thou txr ls Mj dj] Fkd dj Hkkxs ekuo dk ,d n`'; nz"VO; gS] ftlls Hkkxus dk Hkh cksèk ughaa jg tkrk & ^Hkkxrk eSa ne NksM+ ?kwe x;k dbZ eksM+ Hkkxrh gS pIiy] pViV vkokt pk¡Vksa lh iM+rhA* vkSj bl izfØ;k es-a -^iSjksa ds uhps dk dhp mNy dj psgjs ij] Nkrh ij iM+rk gS lglk Xykfu dh eryh xfy;ksa dk xksy&xksy [kksg v¡èksjk psgjs ij] vk¡[kkas ij djrk gS geykA*44 blls vPNs ;FkkFkZ fp= dh dYiuk ge dj Hkh ughaa ldrsA la?k"kZ ds FkisMk+ sa ls [kM+s gksus dh 'kfDr [kks pqds vkt ds euq"; dh foo'krk nz"VO; gS & 118 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 118@^v¡

^detksj ?kqVuksa dks ckj&ckj ely yM+[kM+krk gqvk eSa mBrk gw¡ njoktk [kksyus---v¡èksjs ds vksj&Nksj VVksy&VVksy dj c<+rk gw¡ vkxs iSjksa ls eglwl djrk gw¡ èkjrh dk QSyko] gkFkksa ls eglwl djrk gw¡ fn'kk,¡ lkalksa ls vuqHko djrk gw¡ nqfu;k---n~okj VVksyrk*45 ×××

^lwuh gS jkg] vthc gS QSyko lnZ vaèksjkA*46 ×××

vkt ds ekuo ds cgqfoèk fp= bl jpuk esa :ikf;r gS & ^ihVs x, cky lk ekj [kk;k psgjk mnkl bdgjk lysV iV~Vh ij [khaph xbZ rLohj Hkwr tSlh vk—frA*47 ekuo dh Hk;kudrk dk iz—fr dh Hk;kudrk ls rknkRE; vkSj mldk ,d fp= gekjs eu esa xgjs pqHk tkrk gS & ^ped ped mBrs gSa gjs&gjs vpkud o`{kksa ds 'kh'k ij ukp&ukp mBrh gSa fctfy;k¡ 'kk[kk,¡] Mkfy;k¡¡ >we&>wedj >iV >iV dj ph[k dj ,d nwljs ij iVdrh gSa flj dks vdLekr~A*48 xkaèkh dh nqn'Z kk dk ;g fp= eqfDrcksèk dh ml laons uk dks :ikf;r dj nsrk gS] ftlesa vkt ge laosnukvksa vkSj fln~/kkarksa dks frykatfy ns cSBs gSa & ^lnhZ esa cksjs dks vks<d + j dksbZ ,d vius gkFk&iSj lesVs dk¡i jgk fgy jgk!! og ej tk,xk!! brus esa og flj [kksyrk gS lglk è;ku ls ns[krk gw¡ & og dksbZ ifjfpr ftls [kwc ns[kk Fkk] fuj[kk Fkk dbZ ckj ij ik;k ughaa FkkA og eq[k&vjs] og eq[k] os xkaèkh th!! bl rjg iaxAq *49 119 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 119@^v¡

'kCn gh dfork ughaa gS & 'kCn cuus ls igys r; d:¡ mldh vkxkeh HkwfedkA lai"sz k.k ds fy, dfo dks 'kCnkaas ds izrhdkFkZ dks vUosf"kr djuk gksrk gSA rHkh eqfDrcksèk dgrs gSa 'kCn gh dfork ughaa gS & 'kCn cuus ls igys r; d:¡ mldh vkxkeh HkwfedkA lkekU; 'kCn ;k lanHkZ ls izrhd rd dh fLFkfr dk fodkl dkO; Hkk"kk ds laxBu dh igyh eafty gSA ^v¡èksjs es* Lo;a izrhd gSA vkèkqfud ekuo thou dk la=kl] dqB a k] 'kks"k.k] lkspus vkSj fu.kZ; dh v{kerk vkfn lc dqN bl 'kCn ls O;Dr gks tkrk gSA izrhdksa ls vVh iM+h bl dfork esa eqfDrcksèk ikjaifjd izrhdksa vkSj miekuksa dk u;k lanHkZ nsdj] mls okLrfod thou&txr ls tksMu + k pkgrs FksA blds ekè;e ls os ekuo&thou dks pksfVy dj] mls mRisfz jr dj] orZeku ds fo#n~/k fonzkgs kRed Loj nsuk pkgrs FksA pkj dk xtj dgha [kM+dk] Hk;adj cjxn] vugn ukn] Hkjs gq, nk¡rksa dk pednkj uewuk] lysV iV~Vh] xf.kr] [kM+h ikbZ] fdlh dkys MS'k dh ?kuh dkyh iV~Vh] [kksg] f[kjrh iifM+;k¡] ph[k] èkd&èkd] cqycqy]s lk¡dy fn;k] 'kk[kk,¡] Mkfy;k¡] ,DlhMaVs ] izkl s 's ku] VSd a ] eksVkZj] duZy] fczxfs M;j] cand w ] fDod ekpZ] xSl ykbV] tqyl w ] [kaHkksa ij fctyh dh yVdrh xnZu]as mLrkn cycu] ckYehfd] 'kqu% 'ksi] vthxZr] xkMj] jank] clwyk] dykcrw] fpFkMs]+ dukr] ihiy] dqRrk] fl;kj] xu] fefyVªh Msªl] tknw] pk¡n] VkWYlVk;] fryd] xkaèkh vkfn ,sls u, izrhd vkSj mieku gS tks lekt dks] vkèkqfud ekuo dks ubZ ifjHkk"kk] u;k vFkZ ns tkrs gSAa iz;ksx esa orZeku lHkh izrhdksa vkSj miekuksa dks u;k cukus dh yyd vKs; esa Hkh gS & ^;s mieku eSys gks x,A*50 vyadkj eqfDrcksèk dh dfork dh fu;fr ughaa gSA ij ;g dFku&lkSna ;Z ds lkFk&lkFk lqanj vFkZ dh 'kksHkk c<+kus okyk Hkh gksrk gSA eqfDrcksèk vyadkj dk lpsru vk;kstu ughaa djrsA fdarq mudh dfork esa vyadkjksa dh ?kqliSB gS] ij ;g ?kqliSB lgt vkSj LokHkkfod gSA v¡èksjs esa vyadkj dgha&dgha dfork dh xk<+ vuqHkwfr djkus vkSj laxhr izokg dks cuk, j[kus eas viuk ;ksxnku djrs gSAa :id] izrhd] oØksfDr buds fiz; vyadkj gSAa vizLrqr ;kstuk dkO; dk vfuok;Z rRo gSA bl dfork dk lajpukRed vkèkkj gh vizLrqr ;kstuk gSA vewrZ ds fy, ewrZ miekuksa dk iz;ksx ubZ dfork dh fo'ks"krk gSA Lora=rk] fujk'kk] dqB a k] la=kl] 'kks"k.k rFkk fo'okl tSls vewrZ vizLrqrksa ds fy, ewrZ izLrqr ¼;Fkk & ihiy] cjxn] fryd] VkWYlVk;] [kaHks ij yVdrh fctyh] [kksg vkfn½ bl dfork lajpuk ds dsna hz ; rRo gSAa eqfDrcksèk us ^v¡èksjs es*a feFkdksa dk [kqydj iz;ksx fd;k gSA ^feFk* Hkk"kk dks u,&u, vFkkZas ls la;Dq r gh ughaa djrs vfirq mls vFkZ foLrkj Hkh nsrs gSaA muds feFk Hkk"kk dks yk{kf.kdrk] jgL;kRedrk vkSj foy{k.krk iznku dj mlds vk;ke dks foLr`r Qyd ij :ikf;r djrs gSaA ;s vkdZsVkbiy best izLrqr djrs gSaA cqn~/k] cyou] VkWYlVk;] 'kqu% 'ksi] vthxrZ vkfn tSls feFkksa ds ekè;e ls 120 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 120@^v¡

iqjkdFkkvksa] dYiukvksa vkSj tkrh; Le`fr;ksa ls tqM+h eqfDrcksèk dh Hkk"kk bl dfork ds ekè;e ls lkekU;tu dh Hkk"kk ds laLdkj dh le`n/~ k djrh gSA cqnè~ k ds Lrwi esa@ ekuo ds lius@ xM+ x, xM+ x,A bZlk ds ia[k@ >M+ x, >M+ x,A ;n~;fi dfo fof'k"V vFkZ ftu ekè;eksa ls izLrqr djrk gS mlesa Nan izèkku ekè;e gS fdarq eqfDrcksèk us Nan ds caèku dks Hkh rksMk+ A lR; rks ;g gS fd vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkdj Hkh ;qxkuwdy q thou vkSj lekt ds ;FkkFkZ dks vfHkO;fDr nsus ds fy, eqfDrcksèk cspu S gSA y;kRedrk dfork dk vuf1ok;Z igyw gSA eqfDrcksèk bldh vfuok;Zrk Lohdkj djrs gSAa y; dh ;kstuk ds fy, vkt dk dfo yksd 'kSyh ds xhrksa ,oa flusek;h xhrksa dh èkquksa dh vksj nkSM+ yxkrk gSA eqfDrcksèk Lohdkj djrs gSa y; ls dfork esa dqN&u&dqN fu;a=.k jgrk gSA bl dfork esa y;kRedrk dk vk;kstu cgqr rks ughaa ij tgk¡ gS ogha dfork Hkh curh utj vkrh gS& ^^yksd fgr firk dks ?kj ls fudky fn;k tu&eu d#.kk lh ek¡ dks gdky fn;kA*51 ×××

^esjk flj xje gS blfy, Hkje gS*52 ×××

cgl xje gS fnekx esa tku gS] fnyksa esa ne gS lR; ls lÙkk ds ;qn/~ k dk jax gS ij detksfj;ksa lc esjs lax gSAa *53 yach dfork ukVdh; rRoksa ls lai`Dr gksrh gS ;n~;fi ^v¡èksjs esa* ukVd ughaa ij mlesa ukVdh; rRoksa [kkldj laph; rRoksa dk i;kZIr lekos'k gSA ;g rRo bl jpuk dks vkSj lai"sz k.kh;] pksV djus okyk cuk nsrk gSA {k.k&{k.k esa ?kVuk ifjorZu] dHkh dksbZ n`';] rqjar nwljk izHkkokfUofr ds i;kZ; gS vkSj bUgha esa ukVdh;rk ds rRo lekfgr gSAa dkO; Hkk"kk dks fujarj u;k :i nsus okyk dkjd gS & lkSna ;Z rRoA fdlh oLrq dks ns[kdj mith laons uk dk :i vkSj mldh izLrqfr gh lkSna ;Z gS vkSj lkSna ;Z dk ;g Lo:i dfo;ksa esa fur cnyrk jgrk gSA ekDlZoknh psruk ls izHkkfor dfo dh laons uk xjhc] fnXHkzfer] 'kksf"kr] Fkds&gkjs] Mjs leLr vkt ds tu&tu lkèkkj.k dh dFkk ls vuqikz f.kr gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a bl ekuo dks fofHkUu dks.kksa ls ns[kus vkSj mls :ikf;r djus dk lQy iz;kl gSA eqfDrcksèk laons u'khy dykRed Hkk"kk ds i{kikrh jgs gSAa muds Hkk"kk dh ;g laons u'khyrk] fofoèk lkekftd lanHkkZas ds ?kkr izfr?kkrksa dk thoar mnkgj.k gSA 121 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 121@^v¡

blfy, bu ?kkr&izfr?kkrksa dks mUgksu a s uohu 'kCn la;ksxks]a uohu vFkZeRrk] u, :i rRo vkSj ubZ Hkafxek rFkk ubZ O;atuk ls le``n/~ k fd;kA ân;xr rRoksa dks ;FkkrF; :i esa izxV djus ds fy, u,&u, 'kCn la;ksxksa dh izfr"Bk mudh ize[q k fo'ks"krk gSA bldh ifj.kfr laL—r xfHkZr 'kCnkoyh ds xzg.k esa gksrh gSA eqfDrcksèk viuh Hkk"kk dh fDy"Vrk ls Hkh ifjfpr Fks] ij ;g mudk Lo;a dk ;FkkFkZ Fkk] ,d jpukdkj dh bZekunkjh Fkh] lR; rks ;g gS fd mUgksu a s ljyhdj.k dh izfØ;k ls mls Hkko txr ls u rks nwj gksus fn;k u —f=e cuk;kA bl udkjus ds ihNs mudh Hkk"kk dh fDy"Vrk vkSj vux<+rk gSA dfri; izQ w lacèa kh v'kqnf~ /k;ksa ds jg tkus ls ihfM+r gksdj Jh fo".kq panz 'kekZ dks fy[ks i= n~okjk fDy"Vrk dks Lo;a eqfDrcksèk Lohdkj djrs gSa & ^esjh dfork,¡ oSls gh tM+ gSa] nwljs ;fn buesa ,slh Hkwyas jg tk,¡ rks os vkSj Hkh vikB~; gks tkrh gSAa *54 os tkurs Fks fd ^ekuo thou dk cgqr cM+k mUuk;d ogh dfo gksxk tks thou dks mlds fofoèk vkSj lexz :i esa ,d gh lkFk ysdj ekuo vkRek dks fn'kk funZ's k djsAa *55 blhfy, Hkk"kk dh vux<+rk mudh jpuk izfØ;k dk ,d fof'k"V vax cu tkrh gSA esjh viuh n`f"V esa ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork vkRekyki 'kSyh esa fy[kh xbZ og dfork gS ftlesa ftl Øe ls vkSj tSls fopkj mBrs gS]a mlh Øe esa mlh :i esa mUgsa fyficn~/k dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g fLFkfr Hkk"kk&leh{kk dh n`f"V ls cM+h ÅcM+&[kkcM+ fLFkfr gSA bl fLFkfr esa dfork] dfork lh ughaa cu ikrhA dfork dh bl :i esa vfHkO;fDr jpukèkfeZrk dh bZekunkjh dk Hkh ifjpk;d gSA vkSj eqfDrcksèk dk ;g ,d iz;ksx gS tks ubZ ih<+h ds dfo;ksa ds fy, fn'kk&funZ's k rks Fkk gh ekunaM Hkh FkkA u, jpukdkj bl ÅcM+&[kkcM+ Hkk"kk ds iFk ls ifjfpr gksdj gh viuh dkO; Hkk"kk dks lq"Bq vkSj lai"sz k.kh; cuk ldsA loZ's oj] èkwfey dk uke blesa egRoiw.kZ gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dkO;Hkk"kk esa ,d [kkl rsoj Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa ;g rsoj Hkh lkBksRrjh dfo;ksa dh laifRr cukA eqfDrcksèk izk.koku dF; dh izfrèofu ds :Ik esa izk.koku Hkk"kk dh izfr"Bk i{kikrh gSA blhfy, mUgksu a s thou ;FkkFkZ dks lexzr;k izLrqr djus okyh Hkk"kk dk lgkjk fy;kA ;g vyx ckr gS fd bl izfØ;k esa Hkko vkSj Hkk"kk dk n~oano Hkh mHkjk gS vkSj QyLo:i mudh Hkk"kk esa [kqjnqjkiu] vux<+rk vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBkus dh igy vkSj yyd gS vkSj gS dqyhu Hkk"kk ls futkr ikus dh mRdV vkdka{kk rFkk eè;oxhZ; vijkèk cksèk bZekunkj ladr s A Hkk"kk dh ;g riL;k gh mUgsa lkBksRrjh dfo;ksa dk elhgk cuk nsrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dk dSuokl èkwfey dh vis{kk vfèkd foLr`r gSA dSuokl dh ;g le`nf~ /k eqfDrcksèk dks lkBksRrjh dfo;ksa dk elhgk cuk nsrh gSA dSuokl dk QSyko gh mUgsa èoU;kRed ifjorZu dh 'kfDr nsrk gSA u,&u, 'kCnka]s foLr`r vuqHko txr ds 'kCnksa ls dfork dks le`n/~ k cukrk gSA okD;ksa dh rksM&+ ejksM]+ u, 122 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 122@^v¡

fp=ksa dh ltZuk] izrhdksa miekuksa dh Hkjekj] Nan] y;] vyadkj] lkSna ;Z rRo vkfn lcdh ltZuk esa eqfDrcksèk viuh ijaijk vkSj ;qxhu dfo;ksa ls vyx&Fkyx fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa mudh dfork esa Hkk"kk dk og taxy gS] tks Hkkoh dfork dh Hkk"kk dks vusd :iksa esa le`n/~ k djrk gSA vkanksyuksa ds nkSj ds izkjafHkd dfo;ksa dh ;gh xfr vkSj fu;fr gksrh gS] eqfDrcksèk mlls dSls cp ikrsA lanHkZ 1- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2 ds Jhdkar oekZ ds oDrO; ls mn~èk`r 2- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&1 ds 'ke'ksj ds oDrO; ls mn~èk`r 3- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2 ds oDrO; ls mn~èk`r 4- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] v¡èksjs esa] i`- 334 5- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 348 6- ogh] i`- 233 7- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] ¼Mk;jh & oLrq vkSj :i&rhu½ Hkkx&5] i`- 119 8- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2 ] i`- 233 9- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] ¼Mk;jh & oLrq vkSj :i&rhu½ Hkkx&5] i``- 120 10- ogh] i`- 120&121 11- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] ¼oLrq vkSj :i&pkj½ Hkkx&5 ] i`- 122&123 12- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 351 13- ogh] i`- 344 14- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] leh{kk dh leL;k,a] i`- 179 15- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2 ] i`- 321 16- ogh] i`- 322 17- ogh] i`- 336 18- ogh] i`- 339 19- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] ¼oLrq vkSj :i&rhu½ i`- 100&101 20- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 349 21- ogh] i`- 350 22- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&4] dykdkj dh bZekunkjh&,d] i`- 106 23- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 341 24- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] i`- 329 25- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] i`- 329 26- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 341 27- ogh] i`- 42&43 28- ogh] i`- 348 29- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] ¼oLrq vkSj :i&nks½ i`- 113 30- ogh] ¼rhu½ i`- 131 31- iqu'p] rkj lIrd] i`- 301 32- vKs;] oDrO; rkj lIrd] i`- 260&261 33- èkwfey] dy lquuk eq>s 34- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 320 35- ogh] i`- 355 36- ogh] i`- 355 37- ogh] i`- 356 38- ogh] i`- 322&323

123 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 123@^v¡

39- ogh] i`- 326 40- ogh] i`- 331 41- ogh] i`- 337 42- ogh] i`- 337 43- dkO; dh jpuk izfØ;k] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] i`- 229&230 vkRe oDrO; & nks] eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] i`- 270 44- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 332 45- ogh] i`- 325 46- ogh] i`- 225 47- ogh] i`- 326 48- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 322 49- ogh] i`- 340 50- gjh ?kkl ij {k.k Hkj] i`- 54 51- eqfDrcksèk jpukoyh] Hkkx&2] i`- 333 52- ogh] i`- 333 53- ogh] i`- 349 54- ogh] i`- 362 55- vkèkqfud fganh dfork esa ;FkkFkZ] eqfDrcksèk] jpukoyh] Hkkx&5] i`- 280

124 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 124@^v¡

LoIu vkSj vkRela?k”kZ dh vkRe vkRekkfHkO;fDr ^v ^v¡¡èksèksjs es*a & izk-s ,e- osd a Vs’oj ;g fufoZokn lR; gS fd eqfDrcksèk fujkyk ds ckn fganh ds lcls egRoiw.kZ dfo gS]a ;n~;fi dfo ds :i esa mUgsa Loh—fr cgqr nsj ls feyhA os ^rkj lIrd* ds dfo ds :i esa dkO; txr esa vk, fdarq ;g Hkh lp gS fd ^rkj lIrd* dh ifjdYiuk vkjaHk esa ekpos] usfepanz tSu vkSj eqfDrcksèk dh gh FkhA ysfdu ckotwn blds eqfDrcksèk vius le; esa ,d vU;euLd dfo gh jgsA viuh lrr jpuk’khyrk ds ckotwn os yxHkx] vius le; esa misf{kr gh jgsA ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk dh loZJ”s B dfork gSA igys bldk uke mUgksu a s ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi] v¡èksjs es*a j[kk FkkA bl ‘kh”kZd ls laHkor% os dfork dh varoZLrq dk fudV ladr s djuk pkgrs Fks D;ksfa d iwjh dfork esa vktknh ds ckn dh fodflr gksus okyh fLFkfr;ksa ij ‘kadk izdV dh xbZ gSA ckn esa muds dgus ij Jhdkar oekZ us ‘kh”kZd ls ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi* gVk fn;kA bl dfork ds rhu izk:i izdkf’kr gq,A igyk ^dYiuk* ¼gSnjkckn½ if=dk es]a nwljk ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* esa vkSj rhljk ^jpukoyh* esAa usehpanz tSu dk ekuuk gS fd ^jpukoyh* esa Nik ikB gh vafre gSA ^dYiuk* vkSj ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* ikBksa dks feykdj mUgksu a s ;g rhljk ikB rS;kj fd;k FkkA ^jpukoyh* esa Nik izk:i gh lcls vPNk vkSj lai.w kZ gSA okLro esa eqfDrcksèk viuh izR;sd dfork vusdksa ckj fy[krs jgrs FksA mudks dkVrs&Nk¡Vrs] ltkrs&laokjrs jgrs FksA bl rjg vusd dforkvksa ds dbZ&dbZ izk:i mudh Qkbyksa esa feys gSAa okLro eas eqfDrcksèk ,d gh dfork] vusd dforkvksa ds :i esa ckj ckj fy[k jgs FksA mudh lkjh dfork,¡ ^v¡èksjs es*a rd igq¡pus dh dM+h gSAa blhfy, ^v¡èksjs es*a ds vusd fcac nwljh dforkvksa esa Hkh n`f”Vxkspj gksrs gSAa blh rjg nwljh vfèkdka’k dforkvksa esa gSA os ijLij varxqfaZ Qr gSa & dqN bl rjg tSls fd ,d gh dfork dh vyx dfM+;k¡ gksAa ^v¡èksjs es*a eqfDrcksèk ds jpuk deZ vkSj Je nksuksa dk vafre ;ksx gSA fopkj vkSj f’kYi] fcac&izrhd] vkSj okrkoj.k&fooj.k dks feykdj ;g mudh lcls lqxfBr vkSj ifjiw.kZ jpuk gSA fooj.k vkSj ?kVukvksa dks eqfDrcksèk ,d l?ku fcac foèkku ds Hkhrj izLrqr djrs gSAa tgk¡ fcac ughaa gksrs ogk¡ fooj.k ;k ?kVuk,¡ ,d okrkoj.k fp=.k dk :i xzg.k dj ysrh gSAa bl rjg dqN Hkh uhjl ughaa jg tkrk gSA ^;g flfoy ykbZUl gSA eSa vius dejs esa ;gk¡ iM+k gqvk gw¡A vk¡[ksa [kqyh gqbZ gSAa ihVs x, ckyd&lk ekj [kk;k psgjk 125 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 125@^v¡

mnkl] bdgjk LysV&iV~Vh ij [khaph xbZ rLohj Hkwr tSlh vk—fr & D;k og eSa gw¡ \ eSa gw¡\* ^v¡èksjs es*a Hkh ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ rd ,d dFkk gS vkSj ml dFkk ds fodkl Øe esa vkus okyh vusd ?kVuk,¡ gSAa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g dfork ,d Js”B dFkk&dkO; dk uewuk gSA ysfdu ;g dFkk dgha bfrgkl ;k iqjk.k ls ughaa yh xbZ gSA blds fy, dksbZ iwoZ vkèkkj ughaa gS cfYd ;g Lojfpr] loZFkk ubZ vkSj vfr ekSfyd gSA dFkk&dkO; gksus ds dkj.k dgha ?kVuk,¡ vkSj fooj.k uhjl u gks tk,¡] dfo mUgsa ,d LoIu & QSVa l s h esa cqurk gSA iwjh dfork esa nks rgsa gSaA tks v?kfVr] vfo’oluh; vkSj peRdkfjd gS og lius esa ?kfVr gksrk gS vkSj fQj mls ;FkkFkZ & orZeku ls tksM+us] mldh O;k[;k djus] mldk egRo izfrikfnr djus ds fy, dfo ckj&ckj tkxzr voLFkk dk lgkjk ysrk gSA bl rjg LoIu vkSj tkxj.k ckjh&ckjh ls pyrs jgrs gSa vkSj mUgha ds Hkhrj ls dfork dk ,d vugksuk fodkl gksrk gSA bl rjg ^v¡èksjs es*a ,d LoIu QSVa l s h gSA ,d ,slh LoIu QSVa l s h tks vktknh ds ckn dh lkjh dFkk&O;Fkk dks vius Hkhrj lesVs gq, gS] Hkkjrh; thou&’kSyh dk lai.w kZ lkj&rRo izLrqr djrh gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a vktknh ds ckn ds Hkkjrh; thou ds dqgjs esa ,d ^jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k* dh [kkst dh dfork gSA ,d ,slk O;fDrRo] tks Hkkjrh; thou vkSj lekt vkSj jktuhfr ds varfoZjksèkksa dks lgh vkSj ldkjkRed fn’kk esa eksM+ ldsA og O;fDr ge lcds Hkhrj ekStnw gSA og ckj&ckj rjg&rjg ls gekjs lkeus izdV gksrk gS vkSj gekjh viuh gh Hkhrjh detksfj;ksa dh otg ls vks>y gks tkrk gSA mlh dh [kkst bl dfork dk y{; gSA dfo eqfDrcksèk ds fy, ;g [kkst mudh ije vfuokj ^vkRelaHkok vfHkO;fDr* dh [kkst Hkh gSA blds fy, dfo dgrk gS & ^;g jgL;e; O;fDr@ vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gS@ iw.kZ voLFkk og fut laHkkoukvks]a fufgr izHkkvks]a izfrekvksa dh@ esjs ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo@ ân; esa fjl jgs Kku dk ruko og@ vkRek dh izfrekA* eqfDrcksèk dh dfork la?k”kZ vkSj LoIu dh dfork gSA og fujk’kk vkSj eksgHkax dh ,djlrk dks rksMr + h gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa dh ^uork* ,sfrgkfld gSA ^vaèkjs es*a dk uk;d ewyr% LoIu vkSj la?k”kZ dk izrhd vkSj bfrgkl okgd la?k”kZ iq#”k gSA og ,d lkFk vusd O;fDrRoksa dk la'ys”k gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk uk;d O;fDr] ,sfrgkfld la?k”kZ] LoIu vkSj laL—fr dk izrhd iq#”k gSA dfork esa og ^jDrkyksd&Lukr* gSA bl dfork esa n~ona o~ varj vkSj ckg~; nksuksa gSA og lekt ds bfrgkl esa gS vkSj uk;d ds eu esa Hkh gSA ftl izdkj lekt c¡Vk gqvk gS mlh izdkj eu HkhA ;g iw.kZrk ftls dfork esa 126 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 126@^v¡

vfHkO;fDr dgk x;k gS] LoIu ds ;FkkFkZ gksu s s ij gksxhA bl n~ona o~ dh iz—fr tfVy gSA n~ona o~ oLrqr% iz—fr vkSj laL—fr dk Hkh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ bruh cgqvk;keh gSa fd mudh O;k[;k djus ;k mUgsa le>us ds fy, ikBd dks FkksMs+ èkS;Z dh t:jr iM+rh gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk v¡èksjk iz—fr dh foosdghurk dk izrhd gSA og foosdghurk nks Lrjksa ij gS & lkekftd O;oLFkk ds Lrj ij vkSj O;fDr ds vopsru esAa ysfdu ;gk¡ Hkh n~ona o~ kRedrk gSA iz—fr esa vPNs cqjs nksuksa miknku gSaA blh izdkj lkekftd O;oLFkk esa varfoZjksèk gSA vopsru esa Hk;] dk;jrk] n~o”s k ds lkFk lkFk foosd Hkh gSA vaèksjk ckgj Hkh gS] vanj Hkh gS] ysfdu varfoZjksèkksa ds lkFk] n~ona o~ kRedrk ds lkFkA blh v¡èksjs esa ^jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k* ,d rjQ rks ftanxh ds dejksa ds v¡èksjs esa pDdj yxkrk gS] fryLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj gS] nwljh vksj ckgj ‘kgj ds ikj rkykc esa mldk psgjk QSyk gS] og dejs esa izo’s k djus ds fy, lkady ctkrk gSA ;g jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k vanj Hkh gS] ckgj Hkh gS& ^igpkurk gw¡@ w Ckkgj tks [kM+k gS@ ;g ogh O;fDr gS] th gk¡@ Tkks eq>s fryLeh [kksg esa fn[kk FkkA* ;g jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k dkSu gS\ eqfDrcksèk us mldh igpku crkbZ gSA ;n~;fi og fn[kkbZ nsus ij Hkh tkuk ughaa tkrk] fQj Hkh mldh uqdhyh ukd vkSj HkO; yykV vkSj vkSj n`<+ guq dks ns[kus ls ml ij euq gksus dk langs gksrk gSA mldh ,d vkSj igpku nh xbZ gS( og eqfDrcksèk dh ^vc rd u ikbZ xbZ vfHkO;fDr* gS] ^fut laHkkoukvksa esa fufgr izHkkoks]a izfrHkkvksa dh iw.kZ voLFkk* gS] ^ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo* gS] ^ân; esa fjl jgs Kku dk ruko* gS] ^vkRek dh izfrek* gSA ;kuh eqfDrcksèk ds vuqlkj og euq gS] iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr gSA ^dYiuk* ¼uoacj 1964½ esa izdkf’kr blh dfork dh dqN iafDr;ksa esa dfo us ml O;fDr dh vkSj igpku crkbZ gS & fdarq og QVs oL= D;ksa igus gSA mldk Lo.kZ eq[k eSyk D;ksa gS\ o{k ij bruk cM+k ?kko dSls gks x;k\ mlus dkjkokl] nq%[k D;ksa >syk\ mldh Hk;kud fLFkfr D;ksa gS\ jksVh mls dkSu igq¡pkrk gS\ dkSu ikuh nsrk gS\ irk ;g pyk gS fd og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k tks fryLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj gS] vaèksjh jkr esa dejs ds vanj vkus ds fy, vkrqj euq gS tks fd eqfDrcksèk dh iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr gSA eqfDrcksèk dk ;g euq ^dkek;uh* ds euq ls fdruk fHkUu gS] ;n~;fi ^vo;o dh n`<+ ekalisf’k;k¡* okyk O;fDrRo ;gk¡ Hkh gSA ^rstksiHz kke; mldk yykV] xkSjo.kZ nhIr&n`x] lkSE; eq[k] HkO; vktkuqckgqA* fdarq blds o{k ij ?kko gSA jksVh&diM+s dh leL;k ls xzLr gSA ;g fofp= euq gS] tks ^dkek;uh* ds euq ds leku Lo;a gh f’k[kjklhu ughaa gS cfYd okpd dks Hkh& ^fcBk nsrk gS rqxa f’k[kj ds@ [krjukd [kqjnjs dxkj rV ij @ dgrk gS & ikj djks@ ioZr&lafèk ds xgoj@ jLlh ds iqy ij pydj@ nwj ml f’k[kj&dxkj 127 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 127@^v¡

rd@ Lo;a ig¡p q ks* ;g jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k okpd ¼dfo½ dks cgqr fiz; gSA og mlls feydj ,desd gks tkuk pkgrk gS] fdarq mls viuh detksfj;ksa ls yxko gS] blfy, mlls fey ughaa ldrkA jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k dk ^foosd fo{kksHk* lguk okpd ds o’k dh ckr ughaAa og iw.kZ laHkkoukvksa dk izrhd gS rks mlds ikl Hkfo”; dk n~;fq reku uD’kk gS ftls v¡èksjs dk vH;Lr okpd lg ughaa ldrkA ;g QVsgky euq blds ckn dfork esa var esa vkrk gS & ^fryLeh [kksg esa ns[kk Fkk ,d ckj@ vkf[kjh ckj gh@ ij og txr dh xfy;ksa es@ a ?kwerk gS izfrQy@ og QVsgky :i@ rM+hrjaxh; ogh xfre;rk @ vR;a r mn~ f oXu Kku&ruko@ og ldeZd ize s dh og vfr’k;rk@ ogh QVsgky :iA* vc og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k euq fryLeh [kksg esa ugha]a txr dh xfy;ksa esa ?kwerk gS izfriyA QVsgky vc Hkh gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ mls ^ldeZd ize s dh vfr’k;rk* dgk x;k gSA ml jgL;e; O;fDr dks vopsru ds v¡èksjs ls fudkydj txr dh xfy;ksa es] lM+dksa ij yksxksa dh HkhM+ esa ys vkuk gh bl dfork dh fln~fèk gSA ;g fln~f/k dsoy ekufld txr esa ?kVrh gS vkSj ;g lai.w kZ dfork ,d yach LoIu dFkk gSA ^jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k* euq ekuoh; laL—fr ds fodkl ds fy, fujarj la?k”kZ djrs jgus okys laL—fr&iq#”k dk izrhd gSA og ge lcds vareZu esa fon~;eku gSA og ckgj Hkh gSA ckgj ls ;kfu lekt ls gekjs eu esa vkdj og gesa lfØ; ldeZd cukuk pkgrk gSA vareZu esa cSBk gqvk og iq#”k ldeZd gks ckgj vfHkO;fDr ikrk gSA og la?k”kZjr gSA blhfy, mlds ihB ij ughaa o{k ij ?kko gSA og ldeZd gS] ‘kfDr&iqt a gS] fdarq QVsgky gS D;ksfa d og d#.kk ls eqDr gksdj lekt ds ‘kksf”kr tuksa dk izfrfufèk curk gSA [kqn mls jksVh&ikuh dk vHkko jgrk gSA og lkèkkj.k tu gksdj lkèkkj.k tu dk lkFk nsrk gSA vkt ns’k dky dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, ;g laL—fr iq#”k eè;oxZ ds vkn’kZoknh n`<+ pfj= vkSj thou dh lqfoèkkvksa ls le>kSrk u djus okys O;fDr dk izrhd gSA gekjs vius ns’k dky dks ns[krs gq, ;g laL—fr iq#”k eè; oxZ ds vkn’kZoknh n`<+ pfj= vkSj thou dh lqfoèkkvksa ls le>kSrk u djus okys O;fDr dk izrhd gSA ^dkek;uh* dk euq nso laL—fr ls vkdj iqu% vkaun yksd esa pyk tkrk gSA bl yksd esa Hkh og LoPNan fogkj djrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk euq eu ds dkjkokl] fryLeh [kksg ls ckgj fudydj turk esa ?kqy&fey tkrk gSA ckgj ls vkdj detksfj;ksa ls yxko j[kus okys O;fDr dks nqxe Z ioZr lafèk ikj djus dk fuea=.k nsrk gSA og lqfoèkkoknh eu dks nqfoèkk esa Mkyrk gS] fQj >Vds ij >Vds nsrk gS] fèkDdkjrk gS] mls vius detksj ?kqVuksa dks lgykdj iSjksa ls èkjrh dk QSyko eglwl djus ij foo’k djrk gSA fryd vkSj xkaèkh dh ewfrZ;k¡ oLrqr% blh iDds vkn’kksaZ okys la?k”kZjr O;fDr ds izrhd gSAa laL—fr iq#”k jDrkyksd&Lukr gS 128 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 128@^v¡

rks fryd dk vaxj[kk Hkh [kwu esa Mwck gS vkSj xkaèkh lnhZ esa cksjk vks<s+ gSAa okpd ¼dfo½ muds ikl lRladYi ysdj x;k gSA ysfdu xkaèkh viuh O;aX;iw.kZ rh[kh ‘kSyh esa ekuks mldh detksfj;ksa dks tkudj dgrs gS&a ^nqfu;k u dpjs dk <sj@ ftl ij nkuksa dks pqxus p<+k gqvk@ dksbZ Hkh dqDdqV@ dksbZ Hkh eqxkZ@ ;fn ckax ns mBs tksjnkj@ rks cu tk, elhgkA* ;kfu ladYi ek= ls dqN ughaa gksrkA okpd dks xkaèkh th dh Mk¡V [kkdj irk pyrk gS fd xkaèkh vkSj fryd dh yksdfiz;rk ds ihNs mudh fdruh deZfu”Bk jgh gksxhA og jDrkyksd&Lukr iq#”k laL—fr iq#”k gksus ds lkFk&lkFk dkO;&iq#”k Hkh gSA og jgL;e; O;fDr vc rd u ikbZ xbZ vfHkO;fDr gSA dfo vuoLFkk dks l`tu ds n~okjk voLFkk iznku djrk gS] eu ds v¡èksjs ls vfHkO;fDr ckgj vkus ds fy, NViVkrh gS] vkdj jgrh gSA dkO;&iq#”k ds bl :id dk fuokZg iwjh dfork esa gqvk gSA eqfDrcksèk us dkO;kfHkO;fDr dks lkekftd fodkl dh izkfIr ds lkFk ?kqyk&feyk fn;k gSA tSl&s tSls okpd laL—fr iq#”k dh vkgV ls fopfyr gksdj bèkj ls mèkj nkSMr + k gS] mlh izdkj dkO;&iq#”k dh vkgV ls dfo Hkh irk ugha]a dgk¡&dgk¡ nkSM+rk gS vkSj D;k&D;k lksprk gSA vfHkO;fDr nksuksa dks n~ona o~ ds lekèkku ds lkFk gh izkIr gksrh gSA dkO; dk mRd”kZ vkSj lekt dk mRd”kZ] nksuksa gh turk esa ?kqy&fey tkus esa gSA dksjs cqnf~ /k foykl ds tfj, tks yksx vius dks lkèkkj.k tu ls vkxs c<+k gqvk le>rs gSa mUgsa ;s iafDr;k¡ psruk iznku dj ldrh gSa & ^fofp= vuqHko !@ ftruk eSa yksxksa dh@ ik¡rksa dks ikj dj@ c<+rk g¡w vkxs@ mruk gh ihNs eSa jgrk g¡w vdsykA@ Ik`okr in g¡Aw * laL—fr iq#”k vkSj dkO;&iq#”k ;kfu jDrkyksd&Lukr euq ds nksuksa :iksa ds fy, Js;Ldj ;gh gS fd og yksxksa dh ik¡rksa dks ikj djds vkxs fudy tkus dh dksf’k’k u djsAa fu%langs eqfDrcksèk okeiaFkh fopkjksa ds dfo gSAa fopkjèkkjk dh n`f”V ls os ukxktqu Z ] ‘ke’ksj] f=ykspu] dsnkjukFk vxzoky dh iafDr ds dfo gSAa eqfDrcksèk nks ckrksa esa vyx gS]a vkRela?k”kZ mudh fo’ks”krk gSA oxZ la?k”kZ esa vkRela?k”kZ dk lekos’k mudh dfork vkSj muds fopkjksa dh cgqr egRoiw.kZ fo’ks”krk gSA bldk izHkko muds f’kYi ij iM+k gSA os flQZ oxZ&’k=q dh gh vkykspuk ughaa djrs] vkRe&leh{kk Hkh djrs gSAa muds O;fDrRo dk ,d vax O;fDrRo ds nwljs vaxksa ls tokc ryc djrk gS & ^gksus yxh cgl@ Ykxkus yxs ijLij rekps@ vkS j loky ;g gS fd eS@ a D;k djrk jgk vc rd*@ vkSj@ ^vjs thfor jg x, rqe@ vkSj ej x;k ns’kA* eqfDrcksèk vius vki dks ^rqe* dgdj Hkh ;kfu foi{k ds :i esa Hkh lacksfèkr dj ldrs gSAa ;g fo’ks”krk eqfDrcksèk dks vU; izxfr’khy dfo;ksa ls vyx djrh gSA blh dkj.k eqfDrcksèk vijkèk&cksèk ds Hkh dfo cu tkrs gSAa jkefoykl ‘kekZ eqfDrcksèk ds vijkèk&cksèk dks vfLrRookn ls tksMr + s gSa fdarq fo’oukFk f=ikBh dk 129 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 129@^v¡

ekuuk gS fd eqfDrcksèk ds vijkèk&cksèk dk lacèa k vfLrRookn ls ughaa gSA ;g vijkèk&cksèk eè;dkyhu HkDr dfo;ksa dh dksfV dk gSA HkDr dfo tc & ^eks le dkSu dqfVy [ky dkeh* ;k ^eerk rw u xbZ esjs eu ls* dgrs gSa rks os viuh n`f”V esa viuh leh{kk djrs gSaA vius fln~èkkar ¼HkfDr½ vkSj vius vkpj.k dh rqyuk djrs gSa vkSj viuh dFkuh&djuh esa varj ikdj vijkèk&cksèk ls xzflr gksrs gSaA eqfDrcksèk vlqj{kk ds dfo dgs tkrs gSAa ;g vlqj{kk vjktdrk ls mRiUu gksrh gSA oLrqr% vfLRkRooknh folaxfr vkSj vyxko Hkz”V O;oLFkk dh vjktdrk dh mit gSAa tks gksuk pkfg, og ughaa gksrk vkSj tks ughaa gksuk pkfg, og gksrk gSA vPNs dk;ksaZ dk Qy cqjk vkSj vijkèk dk ifj.kke vPNkA Hkz”V O;oLFkk dk;Z&dkj.k dh uSfrd ijaijk rksM+ nsrh gSA rc vkn’kZoknh eu mn~ofs yr gksrk gS& ^futRo ek= gS cspu S @ dgk¡ tkÅ¡ fnYyh ;k mTtSu*A QSVa l s h f’kYi dk;Z&dkj.k dh O;oLFkk dks rksMd + j ,d izPNUu ijaijk dks LFkkfir djrh gSA eqfDrcksèk ds ‘kCnksa esa QSVa l s h viuk i`Fkd fnd~ dky LFkkfir djrh gSA bl f’kYi ls QSVa l s h FkksMs+ esa cgqr dqN dg tkrh gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork ds tqyl w esa ea=h] mn~;ksxifr] lsuk] iqfyl] vè;kid] vkykspd] dfo&x.k vkSj ‘kgj dk dq[;kr xqM a k Mksekth mLrkn lc ‘kkfey gSAa ;g folaxfr jktuhfr ds vijkèkhdj.k ds ;FkkFkZ dk fcac gSA ;g QSVa l s h f’kYi ls gh laHko FkkA bl rjg ^v¡èksjs es*a dh QSVa l s h dk mi;ksx dfo us dkO; dh jpuk&izfØ;k vkSj mldh lfØ; oLrqfu”B Hkwfedk dh vfHkO;fDr ds :i esa fd;k gSA tc vfHkO;fDr lkady ctkrh gS] rc mlls feyus dh mRlqdrk ds ckotwn vkRe&O;fDrRo mlls cpkus ;k fujis{k gksus dh dksf’k’k djrk gS& ^vjs HkkbZ] eq>s ughaa pkfg, f’k[kjksa dh ;k=k]@ eq>s Mj yxrk gS Å¡pkb;ksa ls@ ctus nks lkadyA* ^v¡èksjs es*a dh LoIu dFkk tgk¡ lekIr gks tkrh gS ogha lqcg gks tkrh gSA ;g ,d rjg ls la?k”kZ dh lekfIr vkSj larks”k dk izrhd gS ftldh vfHkO;fDr vafre iafDRk;ksa esa gqbZ gSA ân; esa fjl jgs Kku dk ^ruko* ;gk¡ iw.kZr% ‘kfer gks tkrk gSA eqfDrcksèk us dfork dks ^vkRela?k”kZ* dgk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork bls dh; <ax ls izLrqr djrh gSA

130 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 130@^v¡

eqfDrcksèk vkSj ^vèks ¡èksjs esa*% ok;k û;k Kkuksn;* & MkW- ch- ckykth [1] û;k Kkuksn;* ds flarcj 2014 ds 130 i`“Bksa ds vad esa vU; lkexzh ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr ds fo’o izfln~/k nks dykdkjksa dks ;kn fd;k x;k gSA ,d gSa & ;qx xkf;dk yrk eax’s kdjA bl o”kZ mUgksu a s vius 85 olar iwjs fd,A vkSj nwljs gSa & xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèkA eqfDrcksèk ds izFke dkO; laxgz ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* ds KkuihB ls izdk’ku dh] mudh dkyt;h] Dykfld dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a vkSj muds fuèku dh vn~/kZ’krh ds miy{; esa lefiZr gS ;g fof’k”V vadA eq[k i`“B ij eqfDrcksèk dk izfln~/k ,oa pfpZr og QksVks fn;k x;k gS ftlesa os chM+h lqyxkrs gq, fn[krs gSAa if=dk ds izFke i`“B ij eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^n~;fq r dh dyh* dk va’k gLrfyfi esa fn;k x;k gS & ^x`g&n~okj vk¡xu esa jeh@ O;fDrRo dh vkHkk rqEgkjh fo’o&ekuo lax Hkh@ ;ks f[ky pyh@ fg;&lkap ds lqil z Uu dksey jax lh& @ T;ksa lkQ iksN a s vey x`g dyhN ds @ e`nq dk¡r esa fdjusa mxhaA* va’k ds uhps muds gLrk{kjA if=dk ds laiknd yhykèkj eaMyksbZ us laikndh; & Hkonh; & îje vfHkO;fDr vfuokj] vkRelaHkok* ‘kh”kZd ls vad esa izdkf’kr eqfDrcksèk] yrk eax’s kdj vkSj vU; lkexzh ij fVIi.kh dh gSA ;g ‘kh”kZd eqfDrcksèk dh Dykfld jpuk ^v¡èksjs es*a dh vafre iafDr gSA nks i`”Bksa ds laikndh; esa lok i`”B eqfDrcksèk dks lefiZr gSA eqfDrcksèk vius igys dfork laxgz ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* dks izdkf’kr gksrs ughaa ns[k ik,A laiknd ds vuqlkj ^ml nkSj esa izdk’kdksa dh vuns[kh bl ewèkZU; ys[kd ds lanHkZ esa ,d vuqRrfjr iz’u gSA* mudk ekuuk gS fd ^20oha ‘krkCnh esa fujkyk ds ckn fujkyk dh rjg [kqn ls rVLFk] ,dfu”B] la?k”kZ’khy] lR;oku vkSj tq>k: jpukdkj dsoy eqfDrcksèk gh fn[krs gSAa os dgrs gS]a ôkLro esa ;g vR;ar l[rtku dfo gkjus okyh nqfu;k esa gkjk ughaAa * eqfDrcksèk gj fn’kk esa pys tkrs gSa lR; dh [kkst es]a vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst esAa ^lR; dh [kkst eqfDrcksèk dh dfork dks egkdkO;kRed cukrh gSA* eqfDrcksèk fujarj fy[krs gS]a mlesa lqèkkj djrs gS]a ,d dfork ds vusd Mªk¶V cukrs gSAa dforkvksa esa vfHkO;Dr muds nk’kZfud fopkj o l`tukRed Je us mUgsa Dykfld dfo cuk fn;kA [2] i`“B 8 ij èkjksgj&1 ds varxZr ewèkZU; dfo] fp=dkj] xn~;ys[kd o lekykspd ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag us eqfDrcksèk dks ,d foy{k.k izfrHkk dgdj lacksfèkr fd;k gSA mUgksu a s vius bl nh?kZ ys[k esa eqfDrcksèk dh thou dFkk] mudh 131 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 131@^v¡

chekjh vkSj e`R;q ds lkFk&lkFk dfork ds izfr mudh rM+Ik dk cgqr gh ekfeZd] vkd”kZd vkSj lVhd fp= [khapk gSA mUgksu a s eqfDrcksèk dks ,d vuqie mikfèk ls Hkh lq’kksfHkr fd;k gS] ^;g enZ dfo cM+h dfM+;y tku j[krk gSA* eqfDrcksèk lgh vFkksaZ esa eè;oxZ ds futh dfo FksA ‘ke’ksj us bl ys[k esa eqfDrcksèk ds le; ds lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k dh Hkh ppkZ dh gSA muds vafre le; esa fdl rjg ljdkj vkSj lkfgR;dkjksa us mudks cpkus dh iwjh dksf’k’k dh] exj ukdke jgsA vafre fnuksa esa os lcds fy, egRoiw.kZ gks x,A ‘ke’ksj ds ‘kCnksa esa ^,dk,d D;ksa lu 64 ds eè; esa xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk fo’ks”k :Ik ls egRoiw.kZ gks mBs\ D;ksa èkeZ;xq ] Kkuksn;] ygj] uoHkkjr VkbEl & izk;% lHkh lkIrkfgd] ekfld vkSj nSfud mudk ifjp; ikBdksa dks nsus yxs vkSj fnYyh dh lkfgfR;d] fganh nqfu;k esa ,d ubZ gypy&lh vk xbZ\ blfy, fd xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk ,dk,d fganh lalkj dh ,d ?kVuk cu x,A dqN ,slh ?kVuk ftldh vksj ls vk¡[k ew¡n ysuk vlaHko FkkA mudh ,dfu”B riL;k vkSj la?k”kZ] mudh vVwV lPpkbZ] mudk iwjk thou] lHkh ,d lkFk gekjh Hkkouk ds dsna hz ; eap ij lkeus vk x, vkSj geus vc muds dfo vkSj fopkjd dks ubZ vk’p;Z&n`f”V ls ns[kkA* os eqfDrcksèk dks jkgqy lka—R;k;u vkSj fujkyk dk vafre fp= dgrs gSAa eqfDrcksèk i<+kdw FksA mUgksu a s ;wjksi ds egku miU;kldkjksa dks [kwc i<+kA fo’ks”kdj & ckYt+kd] ¶ykWc; s j] nkWLrkW;oLdh vkSj xksdhZA ekDlZ] xkaèkh vkSj johanu z kFk dks HkhA muds fiz; fo”k; Fks & euksfoKku] rdZ’kkL= vkSj n’kZuA ^rkj lIrd* dh ifjdYiuk vkSj mlds izdk’ku] eè;Hkkjr izxfr’khy ys[kd la?k cukus vkSj lu 44 esa QkWflLV fojksèk ys[kd dkWUÝsl a dk vk;kstu djus dh la{ksi tkukdkjh gS bl ys[k esAa os vius lkfFk;ksa & MkW- ukjk;.k fo”.kq tks’kh] usfepanz tSu vkSj MkW- izHkkdj ekpos ds lkFk feydj ns’s k&nqfu;k ds vusd eqÌksa ij nl&nl] ckjg&ckjg ?kaVs cglsa djrs vkSj cgl ds nkSjku lc dqN Hkwy tkrs FksA os uoksfnr izfrHkkvksa dk fujarj mRlkg c<+krs jgrs FksA etnwjksa ls feyuk] mudh leL;k,¡ lquuk] ml ij fopkj djuk vkSj fy[kuk mudk jkst dk dke FkkA ;gh mudk thou FkkA ‘ke’ksj us jktukanxk¡o esa lu 64 esa eqfDrfrcksèk dh rhu yktokc dfork,¡ mUgha ds eq[k ls lquh & v¡èksjs es]a ize s vkSj ,d dFkkA bl ij os dgrs gS]a ^bruk xgjk vlj Mkyus okyh vkèkqfud n`f”V ls bruh iq”V vkSj LoLFk dfork,¡ vkSj bruh vkstLoh] eSu a s fujkyk ds ckn i<+ha ;k lquhaA* eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a dks ns’k ds vkèkqfud tu&bfrgkl dk] Lora=rk iwoZ vkSj i’pkr dk ,d ngdrk bLikrh nLrkost dgk gSA ‘ke’ksj dgrs gS]a ßftlesa mudh dkO;kRed ‘kfDr ds vusd rRo ?kqy&feydj ,d egku jpuk dh l`f”V djrs gS]a tks jksekuh gksrs gq, Hkh vR;fèkd ;FkkFkZoknh vkSj ,dne vkèkqfud gSA vkSj fdlh Hkh dlkSVh ij mldks tk¡pk tk,] eSa dgw¡xk fd og vkèkqfud ;qx dh dforkvksa esa 132 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 132@^v¡

loksiZ fj Bgjrh gSA mlds fcac vkSj izrhd vkSj ladr s vkSj lanHkZ] ‘kCn vkSj èofufp=] cM+h xgjh vkSjs xw¡tas gekjh Hkkoukvksa ls Hkj tkrs gSAa mlesa eqfDrcksèk dk dfo O;fDrRo okYV gfoV~ekbu vkSj ek;kso;Ldh ds f’kYi vkSj ‘kfDr ls VDdj ysrk gS] vkSj viuh tehu ij vizfrgr vkSj vn~forh; jgrk gSA bl dfork dk gekjh vej jk”Vªh; dforkvksa esa ‘kqekj gksxk] eq>s blesa fdafpr Hkh langs ughaAa * eqfDrcksèk dh bl dfork esa gj best ‘kfDr’kkyh gSA o.kZu nenkj] vFkZi.w kZ vkSj fp=e; gSA os fof’k”V fcac gh ughaa cfYd fof’k”V izrhd ;kstuk izLrqr djrs gSa tks ,d vuks[ks feFk] dFkk ;k xkFkk dh l`f”V djrs gSAa ;s gesa ckgj ls gh ughaa vanj ls Hkh Li’kZ djrs gSAa ;s lw{e vkSj jksekuh] ok;oh; vkSj uisry q s dk fofp= vkSj vn~Hkqr ;ksx gksrs gSAa ;g ys[k ‘ke’ksj us eqfDrcksèk dh e`R;q ds i’pkr fy[kk FkkA ;fn dksbZ eqfDrcksèk dks la{ksi esa tkuuk pkgrk gS rks mls ;g ys[k vo’; i<+uk pkfg,A exj eSa ;g Hkh dguk pkgw¡xk fd tks O;fDr ;g ys[k i<+xs k mlesa eqfDrcksèk ds fy, ftKklk vkSj c<+xs hA t:j c<+xs hA [3] i`“B la- 16 Ikj ofj”B dfo] dFkkdkj] lekykspd Jhdkar oekZ us èkjksgj&2 ds varxZr eqfDrcksèk dks czg~ejk{kl dk f’k”; dgk gSA mUgsa fdlh u fdlh cgkus eqfDrcksèk jkst ;kn vkrs gSAa muds eu ij eqfDrcksèk dh vkard Hkjh Nki gSA mUgsa Hkwyuk dfBu gSA mUgksu a s eqfDrcksèk dks e`R;q ‘k¸;k ij izR;{k ns[kk FkkA mudk thou la?k”kZ ns[kk FkkA eqfDrcksèk dk thou egku vkSj dfork,¡ egku gSAa bUgsa i<+dj muds ckn ds dfo;ksa dks vius NksVs gksus dk vglkl vius&vki gksrk jgsxkA Jhdkar oekZ dgrs gS]a êqfDrcksèk dk thou gks ;k lkfgR; & fdlh ls Hkh ifjfpr gksuk vius fy, [krjs ls [kkyh ughaAa eqfDrcksèk dh ftanxh v’kkar djrh gS] foosd dks >d>ksjrh gSA xxx eqfDrcksèk dk dkO; dsoy dkO; ugha]a ^Kku dk dkO;* gSA* Jhdkar oekZ us eqfDrcksèk ds O;fDrRo vkSj muds le; ds lkfgfR;d ekgksy ij izdk’k Mkyrs gq, mudh dfork vkSj uo jpukdkjksa ds izfr muds n`f”Vdks.k dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk ds fy, dfork,¡ euq”; dh thouxkFkk gS dsoy fp= ekyk,¡ ughaAa og euq”; dh ok.kh gSA muds fy, dfork djuk ,d ,slh lEekfur vuqHkwfr Fkh ftldk mUgksu a s thou Hkj vknj fd;kA muesa dke djus dh vlkèkkj.k izfrHkk FkhA mudh ckSn~f/kd {kerk ls muds fudVLFk ges’kk vk’p;Z ls Hkj tkrs FksA Jhdkar oekZ dh eqfDrcksèk ds lacèa k esa dqN iap ykbusa nz”V~O; gSa & êqfDrcksèk lgh vFkksaZ esa loZgkjk FksA* ^vkSjksa dks la?k”kZ rksMr + k gS] eqfDrcksèk dks la?k”kZ us vkSj etcwr dj fn;k FkkA* êqfDrcksèk ,d bfrgklK] ,d iqjkRRosRrk vkSj ,d oSKkfud dh rjg tw> jgs FksA* 133 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 133@^v¡

[4] Ikf=dk ds bl vad esa i`“B 20&24 rd eqfDrcksèk dh vkèkh&vèkwjh 15 dfork,¡ nh xbZ gSAa ;s dfork,¡ eqfDrcksèk ds csVs jes’k eqfDrcksèk ds lkStU; ls izkIr gqbZ gSAa eqfDrcksèk dh jpukoyh ds izdk’ku ds ckn jes’k eqfDrcksèk us eqfDrcksèk dh 300 vizdkf’kr iwjh vkSj dqN vkèkh&vèkwjh dfork,¡ [kkst fudkyhaA ;s jpuk,¡ lkekU;r% NksVh gSAa ¼dfork ds ‘kh”kZd gSa & fdlh us iqdkjk] xzh”e uhy uHk ls] fotu dh lk¡l] èkwi Hkjs thou ds] mn~èoLr vgkrs ds Hkhrj] bartkj] ekuo dk LoIu] ge Bxk x,] eu dk Nan] vkd”kZ.k] fdys ds ryèkj esa ;g eu] gkj x,] eu gha eu] fnfXot; pysxk i`Foh ijA½ dfork ds var esa laHkkfor jpukdky Hkh fn;k x;k gSA [5] i`“B 24 ij ^’kqHkz LoPN ij Hkh xzg.kPNk;k % eqfDrcksèk dh vkèkh&vèkwjh dfork,¡* ‘kh”kZd ls lqifz ln~/k dfo] vkykspd vkSj laL—frdehZ vk’kksd oktis;h us bu vkèkh vèkwjh dforkvksa ij ^mRrj dFku* izLrqr fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk dh bu dforkvksa ds lacèa k esa oktis;h dgrs gS]a ^eqfDrcksèk ds vèkwjs dforka’k Hkh mudh iw.kZrk ds fc[kjs gq, fgLls gS]a viuh ped vkSj izklafxdrk ds lkFk vkSj ml iw.kZrk dh vksj ladr s djrs gq,A* [6] i`“B 25 ij ^Kkuksn;^ ds Qjojh 1966 ds vad esa izdkf’kr xtkuu ekèko eqfDrcksèk dh igyh dgkuh ^taD’ku* dk iqu% izdk’ku gqvk gSA bldk jpukdky 1940 crk;k x;k gSA dFkk uk;d n~okjk jsyos LVs’ku ij fcrk, x, lk<+s pkj ?kaVksa dh dgkuh gSAa ^taD’ku* dgkuh esa jsyos LVs’ku gSA dM+kds dh lnhZ gSA xjhc eqlkfQj gSa ftuds ikl vks<u + s ds fy, dqN ughaa gSA fBBqj]s fleVs pqi&pki cSBs gSAa dgkuh esa Vh LVky] flxjsV] Vaªd] yM~M]w xkaèkh vkSj nks ckyd gS]a dFkk uk;d dks ukxiqj tkuk gSA LVs’ku ij fcrk;k le;&?kVuk,¡ dgkuh dk IykV gSA uo ys[kdksa dks ;g dgkuh t:j i<+uh pkfg, fd fdl rjg dgkuhdkj us ,d lkèkkj.k ls fn[kus okyh ?kVuk dks dgkuh cuk nh gSA vki vo’; ;g dgkuh if<+,A eSa ;gk¡ bldh foLrkj ls ppkZ ughaa dj jgk gw¡A [7] i`“B 29 ij fofj”B vkykspd] dfo ,oa xn~; ys[kd fo’oukFk f=ikBh us ^th] eSa e:¡ rks dqN ugha]a ej tk,¡ ;s laons uk,¡] fdarq uk* ‘kh”kZd ds varxZr eqfDrcksèk dh pkjksa fn’kkvksa esa lR; dh [kkst esa nkSM+ yxkus okyh laons ukvksa dks js[kkafdr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA mUgksu a s mUgha laons ukvksa ds vkyksd esa eqfDrcksèk dh jpuk izfØ;k ij foLrkj ls ppkZ dh gSA mudh dforkvksa esa laons uk,¡ my>u iSnk djrh gSa vkSj ftu dforkvksa esa ;g vkarfjd laxfr igpku esa vk tkrh 134 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 134@^v¡

gS]a muesa ^v¡èksjs es*a vxzx.; gSA mUgksu a s ^v¡èksjs es*a ds ikB dks eqfDrcksèk ds ok³~e; dk vafre vkSj izfrfufèk ikB dgk gSA vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn n~foosnh ds dFku ls vius ys[k dk vkjaHk djrs gq, eqfDrcksèk ds bl dFku dks &^dgha Hkh] dfork [kRe ughaa gksrh* dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA ^dchj lkfgR; ds eeZK vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn n~foosnh us eqfDrcksèk dh dforkvksa ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk] êqfDrcksèk thou Hkj ,d gh dfork fy[krs jgsA ^v¡èksjs es*a mldk vafre ikBkarj gSA eqfDrcksèk [kqn vius dks vèkwjh dforkvksa dk dfo ekurs gSAa * eqfDrcksèk eè;dkyhu dfo dchj] lwj] rqylh] ehjk dh Hkk¡fr lR; dh [kkst djrs fn[krs gSAa fdarq budk lR; bu HkDr dfo;ksa ds lR; ls fHkUu gSA eqfDrcksèk dk lR; ,d tyrk gqvk lR; gSA ;g geesa jktuhfrd psruk dks tkx`r djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA mUgksu a s vkt ds jktuSfrd vijkèkhdj.k dh ppkZ 7 osa n’kd esa gh dj nh FkhA ;g ml le; ds dfo;ksa esa vHkko FkkA fo’oukFk f=ikBh ds vuqlkj] ^v¡èksjs esa dk tqywl&fcac eqfDrcksèk dh jktuSfrd psruk dk n~;ksrd gSA 7 osa n’kd ds izkjaHk esa gh mUgksu a s iw¡thokn ds :Ik dks ns[k fy;k Fkk ftlesa usrk] mn~;ksxifr] dykdkj] cqfn+ /~ kthoh] vkSj xqM a s ,d lkFk gSAa lsuk vkSj iqfyl muds lkFk gSA* mUgksu a s viuh dforkvksa esa ftu ik=ksa dks x<+k gS os okLrfod ftanxh ds gSAa Hkys gh os QSVa fs LVd yxrs gSa D;ksfa d ml ;FkkFkZ dks ge muds igys ds lkfgR; esa ns[kus ds vknh ughaa FksA mUgksu a s oxZl?a k”kZ dks vkRela?k”kZ rd yk;kA ;g mu ls igys dsoy HkDr dfo;ksa dh dforkvksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA êqfDrcksèk us viuh jpukvksa ds ekè;e ls tyrs gq, lR; dh vfHkO;fDr gh ughaa dh Fkh] jpkukèkfeZrk ds lkeus ,d ,tsM a k Hkh j[kk FkkA og ,tsM a k KkukRed laons u dh ldeZdrk dk FkkA dykdkj] cqnf~ /kthfo;ks]a usrkvksa dh tufgr i{kèkjrk dk FkkA* [8] i`“B 41 ij ^v¡èksjs es*a ,d vfoLej.kh; vkSj vn~forh; dfork ds ‘kh”kZd ls ofj”B dfo&lekykspd izHkkr f=ikBh us bl dkyt;h jpuk ds izHkko dks ‘kCn cn~/k dj ikuk vlaHko ekuk gSA os dgrs gS]a êqfDrcksèk dh bl dfork dks ftruh ckj i<+k]s mruh ckj yxrk gS fd blds ikB ds izHkko dks fy[k lduk vlaHko gSA ;g cgqy Lojksa ls jfpr cgqykFkhZ dfork gh yxrh gSA bldk fdlh Hkh rjg dk lkjka’khdj.k ,d rjg dk ,dsMfs ed O;k;ke gh yxrk gSA* eqfDrcksèk ds vkthou vkRela?k”kZ vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ds fy, mBk, x, [krjksa ij fopkj djrs gq, os dgrs gS]a ^bl dfork dh jpuk ds ihNs lfØ; izxfr’khy fopkj dh jSf[kdrk ls dgha T;knk izHkko’kkyh] bldh dYiuk’khyrk dh izk.ke;rk gSA bl dfo dh psruk esa tkjh ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst gSA iw¡thoknh lH;rk ds v¡èksjksa dks ntZ gh ughaa djrh] cfYd mlds lkFk eqBHksM+ djrh vkSj ^’kfDr fon~;r q dj.k* ryk’krh] bl dfork dh jpuk ds fy,A* eqfDrcksèk ds bl vk[;ku dkO; dks iwjs euks;ksx ls i<+us dh vko’;drk gS rHkh blesa fpf=r 135 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 135@^v¡

n`“;] ?kVuk,¡ vkSj pfj= vius vkl&ikl dh yxsxa hA ysfdu budh xfr vkSj ukVdh;rk dks mlds vljnkj f’kYi ds ekè;e ls O;Dr O;aX; dls] le>us vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst dh ;k=k ij vkxs c<+us ds fy, okpd ik= ds lkFk rky&esy cSBuk Hkh t:jh gSA [9] i`“B la[;k 44 ij ofj”B dfo] lekykspd] ukVddkj vkSj xn~;dkj jkts’k tks’kh us ^dksbZ vkx ty jgh dgha rks Hkh varLFk* ds ‘kh”kZd ls eqfDrcksèk dh xn~; jpuk ^lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* vkSj in~; jpuk ^v¡èksjs es*a ds iquikZB rFkk muds O;fDrRo ds vr%lacèa k dks mn~?kkfVr djus dk iz;kl djrs fn[ksA ys[k dh ‘kq:vkr gksrh gS eqfDrcksèk dh iqLrd ^lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* ds ,d va’k ls ftlesa os crkrs gSa fd muds dbZ fopkjd fe= mUgsa fujk’kkoknh] gzkLkxzLr] ÝLVsVM s ] fLIyV ilZufs yVh vkfn fo’ks”k.kksa ls vya—r fd;k djrs FksA bl lacèa k esa os fy[krs gS]a ^eSu a s vius O;fDrxr thou esa ftruh lSn/~ kkafrd xkfy;k¡ [kkbZ gS]a os lc etsnkj gSAa ‘kk;n muesa lR;ka’k Hkh gksA dkSu tkus!* bldk dkj.k & eqfDrcksèk gj le; fdlh u fdlh fo”k; dks ysdj fopkj esa Mwcs fn[kkbZ nsuk] cgl djuk vkSj vius rdksaZ ls vius lkfFk;ksa dks ijkLr djukA mudk eu&efLr”d fujarj cgl djrk gSA Lo;a ls Hkh vkSj vius vkl&iM+kl s ls HkhA blds fy, os eSa dk izfr:i rS;kj djrs gSa tks psrl eè;oxhZ; bdkbZ dk izfrfufèk cudj ikBd ds le{k izLrqr gksrk gSA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork cjxn dh rjg vius ifjos’k dks vius esa lesV ysrh gSA ftruh èkjrh ds Hkhrj QSyrh gS] mruh gh vkdk’k esa Å¡pk mBrh gSA os vdlj tkrh;] yksd vFko foKku ds dqN de izpfyr feFkdksa dk bLrseky djrs gSAa tSls & vthxrZ] czg~ejk{kl] vksjkax&mVkax vkfnA dkO; esa xqfa Qr feFkdh; lanHkZ mudh dkO;Hkk”kk dks iz”s k.kh; cukrs gSAa ^lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* esa eqfDrcksèk n~okjk dfork] mlds f’kYi] jpuk izfØ;k vkSj mlds lkSna ;Z rRoksa ij O;Dr fd, x, fopkjksa dks mn~/k`r djrs gq, jkts’k tks’kh us muds dkO; dk iquikZB izLrqr fd;k gSA fo’ks”kdj v¡èksjs es*a dks dsna z esa j[kk gSA dqN va’k nz“VO; gSa & 1- ^f’kYi dk fodkl dkO; O;fDrRo ls vVwV :i ls tqMk+ gqvk gSA* vius O;fDrRo ds ckjs esa mudk dguk gS & O;fDrRo esa u ekywe fdrus gh igyw gSa tks eq>ls fNis gq, gS]a ftls ia[kqjh ds Hkhrj ia[kqjh vFkok I;kt dh ijrksa esa vanj dh ijrsAa 2- dfork esa thou ;FkkFkZ dsoy Hkko cudj izLrqr gksrk gS] ;k fcac cudj] ;k fopkj cudjA dfork ds Hkhrj dh lkjh ukVdh;rk oLrqr% Hkkoksa dh xfre;rk gSA mlh izdkj] dfork ds Hkhrj dk dFkk&rRo Hkh Hkko dk bfrgkl gSA 3- vc dfork dksbZ fucaèk rks gS ughaa fd ftlesa yksxksa dks vkt ds gkykr dh tkudkjh feys] u og dksbZ ukVd gS] ftlesa ik= izLrqr gksdj ewrZ :i ls 136 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 136@^v¡

thou&;kFkkFkZ mifLFkr djrs gSAa [10] i`“B la[;k 35 esa MkW- f’kodqekj ‘kekZ êy;* us ^nkf;Ro dh nwj n`f”V* ‘kh”kZd ls cgqr gh I;kjk laLej.k izLrqr fd;k gSA eqfDrcksèk ds laidZ esa vkus okys gj ,d O;fDr muds O;fDrRo ls izHkkfor gq, fcuk ughaa jg ldsA pkgs os ;qok lkfgR;dkj ;ks ;k ewèkZU; jpukdkj gksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd Hkkjrsna q eaMy dh rjg eqfDrcksèk eaMy Hkh cu ik;k FkkA bl eaMy esa eaMyh Fks eqfDrcksèk] jkek ¼izfrHkkoku rFkk izR;qiUuefr dfo jke—“.k JhokLro½ thouyky oekZ ^fonzkgs h*] izeksn oekZ vkSj Jhdkar oekZA eqfDrcksèk vius lkFkh jpukdkjksa ds pgsrs FksA ijlkbZ] jkek] iqjks”kksRre [kjs vkSj Jhcky ikaMs n~okjk ckj&ckj izfs jr djus ls gh ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* lkfgR; txr esa u, lkfgR; ds fparu ds :i es*a viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djk ikbZA eqfDRkcksèk vius bjknksa ds iDds vkSj fuMj FksA csckdh ds lkFk viuh ckr j[krs FksA vke cksypky esa vkSj lkfgR; esa HkhA bl lacèa k esa ukxiqj dh ,d lHkk esa ?kfVr ?kVuk dh ppkZ dh gS bl ys[k esAa ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* i<+us ds ckn MkW- ukeoj flag n~okjk eqfDrcksèk dks fy[ks i= dks Hkh ey; us ;kn fd;k gSA i= dh ckr vius ‘kCnksa esa crkbZ gS ^MkW- ukeoj flag us fy[kk Fkk fd vkidh iqLrd ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* tc jkr dks i<+us cSBk rks mls fcuk iwjk fd, u jgk x;k] vkSj yxHkx lqcg 4 cts iwjs i<+us ij lks;kA eu izlUurk ls Hkj x;kA* MkW- ukeoj flag ds bl ckr ls Li”V gksrk gS fd eqfDrcksèk ,d vPNs vkykspd FksA vkykspd ds nkf;Ro ds lacèa k esa os dgrs gSa îgys laxgz dh leh{kk djrs le; bl ckr d è;ku j[kk tkuk pkfg, fd vadjq curs ikSèks ds ihys iRrksa dks rksMr + s le; mlds gjs iRrksa dh la[;k ij iwjk è;ku j[kk tk,A [11] i`“B 49 ij gS ^ckr cksyxs h % eqfDrcksèk vkSj ge* blds varxZr û;k Kkuksn;* ds ekè;e ls ;qok jpukdkjksa us eqfDrcksèk dh ijaijk dks vkt ls tksMu + &s le>us dk vuqie iz;kl fd;k gSA ;g ifjppkZ dnkfpr bl LFkkfir Hkze dk Hkh ,d gn rd fuokj.k djrh gS fd ;qok ys[kdksa dk eqfDrcksèk ls izR;{k ;k ijks{k xgjk ukrk ughaa gSA bl ifjppkZ dk ewy mÌs’; ;qok jpukdkjksa dk eqfDrcksèk ds lkFk fojkV lkaL—frd vkSj oSpkfjd jkx [kkstuk jgk gSA eS]a muds fopkjksa ds dsna hz ; fcanq ij vkidk lcdk è;ku vkdf”kZr djuk pkgw¡xk & 1- vuwi lsBh dgrs gSa dky] izLrj ij izgkj eqfDrcksèk dh Nsuh ls gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA gekjk le; ftl rjg ls fopkjèkkjkRed folaxfr;ksa dk f’kdkj gqvk gS( lwpuk Økafr dk fodjky vkSj okpky ?kVkVksi gesa ?ksjs gq, gS( O;fDr vkSj ys[kd nksuksa Lrjksa ij eè;oxhZ; tdM+cna h vxE; gksrh tk jgh gS] ,sls 137 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 137@^v¡

=kln] mnklhu] LokFkZ&c<+] fuR;&izfr c<+rh cgqLrjh; vlekurk] vkSj Åij ls jk”Vªoknh mHkkj ds dfBu le; es]a eqfDrcksèk ,d ykbVgkml dh rjg mifLFkr jgrs gSAa enu d’;i dks dhfrZ O;kikfj;ksa ds le; esa eqfDrcksèk ;kn vkrs gSAa mUgksu a s eqfDrcksèk ds in~; vkSj xn~; ij vius fopkj izdV fd, gSAa eqfDrcksèk orZeku ladVksa ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfo”; ds ladVksa dks Hkk¡ius dh varj n`f”V j[krs FksA eqfDrcksèk dh dfork ^v¡èksjs es*a le; ls vkxs dh dfork gSA ;g vrhr ds ekè;e ls vkus okys ladVksa dh ckr djrh gSA mudh dfork dh O;k[;k ds fy, gesa oSls gh u, eqgkojs x<+us gksxa ]s tSls vius le; dh O;k[;k ds fy, eqfDrcksèk us x<+As lfork flag dgrh gS]a ^v¡èksjs es*a vdFk dk vk’p;Zyksd gSA os dgrh gS fd ;g dfork Hkkjrh; tknqbZ ;FkkFkZokn dk ,d vizfre uewuk gSA blesa gesa gekjs tkus igpkus psgjs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa mtkys esa Hkh ughaa fn[kus okys psgjs bl dfork esa v¡èksjs es*a mtkxj gks tkrs gSAa ;g dfork Hkkjrh; bfrgkl] laL—fr vkSj vkèkqfudrk esa O;kIr [krjksa vkSj ‘kadkvksa dks ;Fkkor mn~?kkfVr dj nsrh gSA ,dkar JhokLro dgrs gSa] eqfDrcksèk eq>s iqdkjrh gqbZ iqdkj yxrs gSAa bUgksu a s eqfDrcksèk dks fujkyk dh rjg ekSfyd vkSj viwoZ ekuk gSA mUgha ds ‘kCnksa es]a ^fganh dfork esa eqfDrcksèk ls igys ¼vkSj ckn esa Hkh½ nwj&nj rd ,slh dfork fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrhA ckn esa ey; vkSj fouksn dqekj ‘kqDy dh yach dforkvksa esa vo’; eqfDrcksèk dk izHkko dqN gn rd fn[krk gSA ij ekSfyd dfo dh ‘krZ gh ;gh gS fd og viwoZ gks&mlds iwoZ dHkh ,slh dfork u gks] tSlh og fy[k jgk gSA fujkyk vkSj eqfDrcksèk esa ;g ekSfydrk vkSj viwor Z k fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA* fiz;n’kZu dgrs gSa fd eqfDrcksèk gekjs fy, ,d ekxZn’kZd gSAa buds fy, eqfDrcksèk dks i<+uk varjkRek esa ncs&Nqis mu Lojks&a la’k;ksa dks u, fljs ls lquuk vkSj igpkuuk gS tks vkt ds dksykgy esa dgha [kks x, gSAa mudk er gS fd ^vlkè; oh.kk* Hkys vKs; us fy[kh gks] ysfdu mls lkèk eqfDrcksèk jgs Fks&cs’kd] fdlh jktk ds vkxzg ij ièkkjs fiz;oa n xqQkxksg ds’kdacyh dh rjg ugha]a cfYd viuh xqQk ds v¡èksjs esa cSBs ,d riLoh dh rjg vkSj tks og lkèk x,] og ,d chgM+ jkx gS tks gekjh vkRekvksa ds v¡èksjs esa vc Hkh mrjrk gS vkSj chp&cspk esa ,slh pedk iSnk djrk gS ftldh jks’kuh esa ge viuh gh [kksbZ gqbZ vfHkO;fDr dk lqjkx ikrs gSAa lqna j pan Bkdqj dgrs gS]a vkt Hkh izfs jr djrs gSa ekjd eqfDrcksèkA os eqDr daB ls Lohdkj djrs gSa fd mudh dforkvksa ij eqfDrcksèk dh LVkby dk izHkko Li”V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA os eqfDrcksèk dh udy djus ds vkjksi dks lg”kZ Lohdkj djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ^eSa eqfDRkcksèk dh ftl baVfs lVh] ftl xgjh 138 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 138@^v¡

cspu S h dks viuh dfork esa mrkj ysuk pkgrk Fkk] og fcuk mudh Hkk”kk dk bLrseky fd, eq>s laHko tku ughaa iM+kA eqfDrcksèk us vius le; dh fonziw rkvksa dks vkuh dfork esa dqN bl rjg ls mrkjk fd os laons u ds Lrj ij cgqr Hkhrj mrjdj ekj djrh gSAa * 7- lat; dqanu eqfDrcksèk dks viuk jksy ekWMy ekurs gSAa mudk ekuuk gS fd ledkyhu fganh dfork esa vk, cnyko dk Js; lcls T;knk eqfDrcksèk dks gSA ^thou vkSj lH;rk ds O;kid iz’u fdl rjg ,d dfo ds vkRela?k”kZ dk fgLlk cu tkrs gS]a bldk lVhd mnkgj.k eqfDrcksèk gSAa og vius le; ls cgqr vkxs ns[kus okys jpukdkj gSAa v¡èksjs es*a esa ftl nqjfHklafèk* dh ppkZ gS] og vkt dgha csgrj le> esa vk jgh gSA* 8- gser a dqdjsrh dgrs gS]a eqfDrcksèk dk fojkV dkO; oSHko vkdkf”kZr Hkh djrk Fkk vkSj Mjkrk Hkh FkkA muds vuqlkj eqfDrcksèk dfork dks lekt dh èkjksgj ekurs gSAa muds fy, doh&deZ lkaL—frd vuq”Bku gSA og vkRefu”B vuqHkwfr;ksa dh ctk, lkekftd laons uksa dks dfork esa ykrs gSAa 9- vkj- psru Økafr dgrs gS]a tks vkRela?k”kZ eqfDrcksèk dh cht voèkkj.kkvksa esa lcls T;knk eq[kj gS] og u gekjs thou esa gS vkSj u jpukvksa esAa eqfDrcksèk ftls vkRela?k”kZ dgrs gS]a mls ge [krjs dh rjg ns[krs gSa vkSj lrr vkRe LFkxu ds tks LVªkDs l mudh jpuk izfØ;k dh rLohj dks bruk fojkV cukrs gS]a og gekjs fy, flQZ vkRe?kkr gSA 10- v’kksd dqekj ikaM; s dgrs gS]a eqfDrcksèk dk vuqxkeh gksuk tuizfrcn~/k gksuk gSA vkt tc og tqyl w fNi&fNikdj jkr ds v¡èksjs esa ughaa py jgk vkSj Mksek th mLrkn fnu ds Hkjiwj mtkys esa iaprkjk lHkkx`gksa esa izfrcn~/k dfo;ksa dks lEekfur dj jgs gS]a tks tuizfrcn~/k gksuk ftruk t:jh gS mruk gh eqf’dy HkhA lkFk gh ;g ijaijk czg~ejk{kl ds lty mj f’k”; gks ml vaèksjh ckoM+h esa xw¡trs Kku dks turk ds chp ys tkus dh gSA ge og dj ik, rHkh ml fodV dfo iqj[ks dh Nk;k esa ml drkj esa [kM+s gksus dk gd feysxk ges]a ojuk rks xQyrksa ij dgk¡ yxrk gS dksbZ VSDl\ eqfDrcksèk dh igpku mudh ys[kuh ls gSA mudk xn~; vkSj in~; nksuksa gh nenkj gSAa ^v¡èksjs es*a vR;ar fo’kky vkSj fojkV dkO; Qyd izLrqr djus okyh dfork gSA ubZ dfork] yach dfork vkSj mlls lacfa èkr fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ppkZ tc ge djrs gS]a rks eqfDrcksèk ds fcuk og ppkZ vèkwjh jgsxhA

139 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 139@^v¡

141 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 141@^vยก

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143 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 143@^vยก

^v¡/ksjs es*a % nsfjnk n`f”V&ls ,d txr&leh{kk izks- xksiky 'kekZ ^fo[kaMu*] ftls vaxt sz h esa fMdaLVªD’ku* ¼Deconstruction½ dgk tkrk gS vkSj ftlds tud tkWd nsfjnk ¼1930&2004½ ekus tkrs gS]a dks lkfgfR;d leh{kk ds fy, ipkl o”kkZas ls iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk jgk gSA uO; leh{kk vkSj lajpukokn ds vH;Lr lkfgR; leh{kdksa ds fy, mRRkj vk/kqfud] mRRkj lajpukoknh vkSj yhd ls gVdj pykbZ xbZ leh{kk in~/kfr;k¡ ^nnZs lj* gqvk djrh gSAa nsfjnk vkSj muds n~okjk izLrqr fo[kaMu dh lSn/~ kkafrdh dks ysdj fganh txr esa vk’p;Z&fefJr dkSrgw y dk Hkko ik;k tkrk gSA lq/kh’k ipkSjh ¼2006] 2014½ us bl l a na HkZ esa dgk gS & fganh foHkkxksa esa cSBs vke leh{kdksa vkSj ^lkfgR; lsfo;ks*a esa ls T;knkrj dks fo[kaMu ls dksbZ eryc ugha]a ysfdu tks foHkkx lkfgR;&f’k{k.k ds dsna z ekus tkrs gS]a ogk¡ Hkh fo[kaMu dks ysdj dqN okèkZD; vkSj Fkdku izfs jr bZ”;kZ ns[kh tk ldrh gSA ,slh vkifRr;ksa esa Kku dh txg ?ku?kksj vKku dke djrk gSA ^Kku* dh txg ^?ku?kksj vKku* dh vksj bafxr djrs gq,q nsfjnk vkSj muds O;k[;kdkjksa us ckj ckj dgk gS fd fo[kaMu og ughaa tks vki lksprs gSAa u rks ;g dksbZ fof/k gS] u iz.kkyh] u rduhdA lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa dk ikB djus dh ;g dksbZ v/kqukru izfof/k ughaAa lkfgR; v/;;u dh ubZ n`f”V ;g dnkfi ughaAa u ;g dksbZ j.kuhfr gS vkSj u vkykspuk dk u;k izfrekuA Lo;a nsfjnk Hkh fdlh lkfgfR;d ikB dk fo[kaMu ughaa dj ldrsA cfYd tSlk Lo;a nsfjnk us dgk gS & lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa esa igys ls gh fo[kaMu dh fØ;k pyrh jgrh gSA ¼ns;j bt vkWyost vkWyjsMh fMdaLVªD’ku] ,V odZ bu oDlZ] Lis’;yh bu fyVjsjh oDlZ esejht+] i`-123½A blfy, ^dkek;uh % ,d fo[kaMukRed ikB* ;k ^v¡/ksjs esa % ,d fo[kaMukRed ikB* dk iz’u gh ughaa gS D;ksfa d ;s ikB igys ls gh ^fo[kaMu* ;qDr gSAa dksbZ —fr dHkh fo[kaMueqDr ughaa gksrhA tSls fdlh fo’ofon~;ky; ds f’kykU;kl dk dk;ZØe fo’ofon~;ky; dk dk;ZØe ughaa dgk tk ldrk] la;Dq r jkT; vesfjdk dh LFkkiuk dh mn~?kks”k.kk la;Dq r jkT; dh mn~?kks”k.kk ughaa gks ldrh vkSj ,sls lHkh —R; ,d izdkj ds ^vfu’p;* ¼dFkukRed vkSj fØ;kRed lajpukvksa ds chp ds vfu.kZ;½ ds izHkko ls eqDr ughaa gks ldrs] oSls gh fo[kaMu dgha ckgj ls ykbZ xbZ ^Lis’ky Qksl*Z ugha]a ;g og ijthoh rRo gS tks —fr ds fuekZ.k ls gh —fr esa iSj tek, cSBk gksrk gSA lkfgR; dh blesa vuks[kh fdarq vfMx Hkwfedk gksrh gSA nsfjnk us lwfDr cn~/k gksdj dgk gS & fo[kaMu lkfgR; ls rknkRE; LFkkfir djuk gSA ¼fMdaLVªD’ku bt , dfeax Vq VElZ fon fyVjspj & fMdaLVªD’ku bu vesfjdk] i`- 9½A nsfjnk us Msjd s ,Vfjt dks fn, x, ,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgk Fkk fd lkfgR; fo’o dh lcls 143 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 143@^v¡

yqHkkouh oLrq gS] laHkor% fo’o ls Hkh vf/kd yqHkkouhA ¼n eksLV baVfªs LVax fFkax bu n oYMZ] esa ch eksj baVªfs LVax nSu n oYMZ] 1989½A fdruh fojks/kkHkklh mfDr gS ;g fd bl lalkj dh u gksrs gq, Hkh ^lkfgR;* oLrq mlls Hkh vf/kd eueksgd o yqHkkouh izrhr gksrh gSA lkfgR; bfrgkl ughaa gSA ns[kk tk, rks lkfgR; dk tks Lo:i ge vkt ns[krs gSa og yksdra= dk izlkn o izHkko gSA fln~/kkar :i esa vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk ds QyLo:i orZeku lkfgR;] HkfDr lkfgR;&ohj xkFkk lkfgR;&jhfr lkfgR; vkfn ls furkar fHkUu gSA rqylhnkl ^jke* dh vkSj lwjnkl ^—“.k* dh mikluk djus ds fufeRr fy[krs jgsA ¼vkxs ds dfo jh>sa rks dforkbZ] u rks jkfèkdk dUgkbZ lqfeju dks cgkuks gS½ fdarq lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa dk lkekftd] jktuSfrd] oSf’od i`“BHkwfe o ifjos’k esa fuekZ.k] ys[ku ;k izLrqfr iztkra= dh nsu gSA ¼uks fMeksØl s h fonvkmV fyVjspj] uks fyVjspj fon~vkmV fMeksØl s h & nsfjnk½A lkfgR; us gesa ,d ,slh ubZ n`f”V nh gS ftlls gekjh fo’o&n’kZu dh le> esa vkewypwy ifjorZu gqvk gSA ,slh —fr;ksa dks gh nsfjnk dkyt;h ekurs gSa tks gekjh pwyas fgykdj j[k ns]a gesa >d>ksjs vkSj fparu rFkk fpark djus dks izfs jr djsAa ;g izjs .kk gh fo[kaMu gS] dg ysAa nsfjnk dh ekU;rk gS fd chloha ‘krkCnh esa lkfgR;kuqHko us ikBdksa dks ckSnf~ /kd vkSj nk’kZfud fparu ds Hkwdia h; >Vdksa ls fgykdj j[k fn;kA izkjaHk ls gh yksx lkspus o iz’u djus yxs Fks & D;k gS lkfgR;\ ;gh ugha]a os ;g Hkh lkspus yxs fd ^;g gS D;k\* ¼OgkV bt+ fnl ^bt*\½ orZeku D;k gS\ fon~;eku D;k gS\ D;k gS ;g ^gS*\ ¼^vfLr* dk iz’u fQj fQj vkrk jgk gS½ D;ksa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork lrr orZeku gS\ ipkl o”kZ gks x,] bfrgkl gks xbZ dfork dks D;ksa rRdkyhu vkSj ledkyhu ekStnw k foe’kksaZ ds vk/kkj ij le>uk dfBu gksrk jgk gS\ vusd vkykspdksa o lq/kh ikBdksa us eqfDrcks/k dh bl dfork & egkdkO;kRed yach dfork esa vusd vFkZ ik, gSAa eSut s j ikaM; s bls ^lexz dfork* dgrs gSa rks dfo eaxys’k Mcjky bls ^lkewfgd ;kruk vkSj d”Vksa dh dfork* ekurs gSAa v’kksd oktis;h] dfork ds izkjafHkd Jksrkvksa esa ls ,d] us blesa ^vkikrdky* dk iwokZHkkl ik;kA jkefoykl ‘kekZ dks blesa ,d vksj fo—r eukspr s uk ds jgL;okn dk izHkko fn[kkbZ fn;k] nwljh vksj lk=Z ds [kafMr O;fDrRo ds vfLrRookn dkA ukeoj flag ds fy, dfork Hkkf”kd ,oa lkfgR;oknh vfLerk dh [kkst gS vkSj ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag ds fy, ns’k ds vkèkqfud tu bfrgkl dk Lora=rk iwoZ vkSj i’pkr dk ,d ngdrk bLikrh nLrkostA dksbZ blesa ^yanu dh jkr* ns[krk gS vkSj dksbZ ^tkikuh fQYe dk taxy* vkSj dksbZ [kafMr ^jkek;.k*A dksbZ bls Vh-,l- ,fy;V dh ^n osLV ySM a * ls feykdj ns[krk gS vkSj dksbZ ^dkek;uh* lsA dksbZ banu z kFk enku dh rjg dgrk gS fd ;g dfork iwjh gksuk ughaa pkgrh] fdukjs yxuk ughaa pkgrhA jkts’k tks’kh blesa mRRkj vkSifuosf’kd foe’kZ 144 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 144@^v¡

ns[krs gSa vkSj izHkkdj ekpos blesa ^xq,fuZdk bu olZ*A fp=dkj v’kksd dkSf’kd fy[krs gSa fd ftl rjg xq,fuZdk dks le>us ds fy, fp=dyk dh ijaijkxr dlkSfV;k¡ v{ke Fkha mlh rjg dk ekeyk ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds lkFk gSA fo’oukFk f=ikBh bl dfork esa laons ukvksa dk lokZf/kd lkFkZd jpukRed dkO; mi;ksx ikrs gS]a vkSj jkeLo:i prqonsZ h ds fy, ^v¡/ksjs es*a ls xqtjuk ,d dkO; ;k=k gSA bl dfork vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh vU; dforkvksa esa varlw= Z [kkstrs fo”.kq [kjs tgk¡ ;g dgrs gSa fd bl dfork esa eqfDrcks/k ,d ^lfeax vi* dj jgs Fks ogha vkpk;Z gtkjh izlkn fn~oosnh us ^lfeax vi* dh eqnkz esa dgk Fkk & ^eqfDrcks/k thou Hkj ,d gh dfork fy[krs jgs] ^v¡/ksjs es*a mldk vafre ikBkarj gSA* ^dfork ds u, izfreku* ¼1968] 2009½ esa ukeoj flag us eqfq Drcks/k dh ;kn esa vkykspuk ds ftl ^lg;ksxh iz;kl* dks izLrqr fd;k gS mlds dsna z esa eqfDrcks/k gSAa vkSj pkgs dbZ vkykspd erHksn dh eqnkz esa gks] fdarq ukeoj flag dh n`f”V ij n`f”Vikr djuk fons’kh vuqokndksa ,oa vkykspdksa ds fy, Hkh ¼ns’kh vkykspd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks lkfgR; foe’kZ ds dsna z esa ykus dk Js; MkW- ukeoj flag dks nsrs gSa & ns[ksa ^v¡/ksjs es*a laxks”Bh fo’ks”kkad ^lzofa r* laikndh;] MkW- th- uhjtk] i`- 4½ izLFkku fcanq jgk gSA ¼ns[ksa & U;w iksbVªh bu fganh ¼2003½ & Y;wlh jkstLs Vhu dk dFku & oal oh LVkVZ Vq Qksyks fnl bafVªdVs iSVuZ] Vq ekoZy ,V bV~l dylZ ,aM 'ksIl bV~l dksEa iysfDlVh ,aM fjpusl] bV~l besftt] oh dSu vaMjLVSM a OgkbZ n izkfs eusVa fyVjsVh fØfVd ukeoj flag gSt yscYM fnl iks;e n xzkM a fQukys vkWQ eqfDrcks/kl iksbfVd vkWil* ,aM bZou n xzkM a fQukys vkWQ fn vphoesVa vkWQ U;w iksbVªh] i`- 52½ vr% loZiFz ke ukeoj flag ds fopkj ns[ksAa ^dfork ds u, izfreku* ¼1968½ dks ukeoj flag us eqfDrcks/k dks lefiZr fd;k gSA ^esjh og [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj] vkRelaHkok* izFke laLdj.k dh Hkwfedk esa ukeoj flag fy[krs gSa & ;g rF; vuns[kk ughaa fd;k tk ldrk fd dfork ds u, izfreku ds dsna z esa eqfDrcks/k gS-a --A ubZ dfork esa eqfDrcks/k dh fLFkfr ogh gS tks Nk;kokn esa fujkyk dh FkhA fujkyk ds leku gh eqfDrcks/k us Hkh vius ;qx ds lkekU; dkO;ksa dks izfrQfyr djus ds lkFk gh mudh lhek dks pqukSrh nsdj ml ltZukRed fof'k"Vrk dks pfjrkFkZ fd;k] ftlls ledkyhu dkO; dk lgh ewY;kdau laHko gks ldkA dguk u gksxk fd ukeoj flag ;gk¡ ik'pkR; leh{kk fln~/kkar esa eSF;w vkukZYs M n~okjk izLrqr fud"k@dlkSVh ¼VpLVksu eSFkM½ dh rtZ ij eqfDrcks/k dh jpukvksa dks dky&fo'ks"k ds fy, dlkSVh] ekud] vuqdj.kh; mnkgj.k vkSj lanHkZ djkj nsrs gSAa mudk ;g dguk fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a eqfDrcks/k ds izfrfuf/k dkO;&ladyu pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* dh gh vafre dfork ugha]a dnkfpr mudh vafre jpuk Hkh gS ftls dfo deZ dh pje ifj.kfr Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA ^dqy feykdj bls ubZ dfork dh Hkh pje miyfC/k dgk tk, rks vfr'k;ksfDr u gksxh]* vius vki esa lai.w kZ oDrO; gSA ukeoj flag ds fy, ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk 145 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 145@^v¡

^[kkSQukd dkO; lalkj* mldh ^fryLeh nqfu;k* dfo dh ^vtlz l`tu'khyrk*] ^Lohi vkWQ besftus'ku* leorhZ leLr dfo;ksa esa lcls fodV vkSj foLr`r gSA ^vikjs dkO; lalkjs dfojso iztkifr* lgdj dfo ds n~okjk jfpr ftl lalkj dh vksj laL—r lwfDrdkjksa us bafxr fd;k gS vkSj ftls nsfjnk us thou ls vfèkd] bl lalkj ls Hkh vf/kd eksgd ik;k gS mls ukeoj flag fpg~fur djrs gSa rFkk eqfDrcks/k dh ^egkdkO;kRed dYiuk* vkSj mudh ^xzkM a uSjfs Vo* dks leksus dh {kerk ds dk;y fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa fdarq nwljh vksj usfepanz tSu tSls lko/kku ikBd vkSj lq/kh vkykspd dks ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd ukeoj flag dk fo'ys"k.k dfork dh nqfu;k dks ,d Lok;RRk nqfu;k djkj nsrk gSA ukeoj flag ekDlZoknh fopkjdksa dh rjg ;g ekurs izrhr gksrs gSa fd dfork ds Lor% lai.w kZ lalkj dh lRRkk Hkzked gSA eqfDrcks/k ds dkO; lalkj dks vU; ledkyhu dfo;ksa ds dkO; lalkj ls vf/kd thoar vkSj lkFkZd ekuus ds fy, ;gh ;qfDr nh xbZ gS fd mlesa ledkyhu ifjos'k dk vfèkd ;FkkFkZ fp=.k gSA ^dfork dh nqfu;k dks Lok;RRk nqfu;k ekuus okyh izo`fRr* dks ukeoj leFkZu ughaa nsrs ij usfepanz tSu ukeoj flag dh VsDLV dk ikB dj ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gSAa ekDlZoknh lkfgR; n`f"V dk leFkZu djus okys ukeoj flag ;g dgdj vkxs c<+ tkrs gSa & eq>s vkSj dqN ughaa dguk gSA nsfjnk dh lquas rks irk pyrk gS fd lkfgR; ,d ,slh laLFkk gS tks lc dqN vfHkO;Dr djus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA ¼fnl LVªt sa bafLVV~;'w ku fOgt vykmt ou Vq ls ,sojh fFkax½A lyeku :'knh us Hkh vius iz[;kr O;k[;ku ^bt ufFkax lsØM s \* ¼1990½ esa dgk gS fd lkfgR; fdlh Hkh lekt dk og lqjf{kr o lajf{kr LFkku gS tgk¡ dksbZ gj rjg dh vkoktsa lqu ldrk gS] ckrsa dj ldrk gSA blds fy, lkQ&lQkbZ nsus dh vko';drk ughaAa ¼fyVjspj bt n ou Iysl bu ,uh lkslkbVh Ogsvj fon bu n flØslh vkWQ voj vkWu gSMl ~ ] oh dSu gh;j oks;flt VkWfdax vckmV ,ojhfFkax bu ,ojh iksflcy os½A ukeoj flag us dqN u dgdj cgqr dqN dg fn;kA gj ikBd dks viuk ikB rS;kj djus o er cukus dh Lora=rk gSA oLrqr% ,slk fd, fcuk dksbZ lq/kh o lko/kku ikBd jg gh ughaa ldrkA miU;kldkj lkWy csyks dgrs gSa & nckus ls dqN u gksxkA ;fn vki ,d pht idM+rs gSa rks nwljh dks fxjkrs gS]a tgk¡ Hkh ^vfHkO;fDr* dh NksVh lh f[kM+dh can dh tkrh gS] dekso's k dqN nhokjsa Lor% fxjus yx tkrh gSAa lkfgR; dh nhokj dh f[kM+dh cnLrwj dk;e jguh pkfg,A ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds dbZ ikB gSAa ekDlZoknh ^n`f"V;qDr ikB* rks gS ghA v'kksd oktis;h us dfork dh Vkbi dh gqbZ tks ikaMfq yfi ^dYiuk* dks Hksth Fkh] mlesa bldk 'kh"kZd Fkk & ^vk'akdk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a A lu~ 1964 esa eqfDrcks/k ds thou dh dFkk iw.kZ gqbq Z vkSj bl dfork dh ;k=k dk izkjaHk gqvkA Lej.k jgs v'kksd oktis;h vkSj vU; ;qok Jksrkvksa us bl dfork ds dqN va'kkas dks dfoeq[k ls 1959 146 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 146@^v¡

ds tkM+kas dh ,d nksigj esa lquk FkkA v'kksd oktis;h us ^v¡èksjs es*a ds —".k cynso oSn ¼2001½ n~okjk fd, x, vaxt sz h vuqokn dh Hkwfedk esa fy[kk gS fd ^vius xgjs vkSj vdkV~; jktuSfrd vkSj ekuoh; vFkkZas esa ^v¡èksjs es*a fganh dh mu FkksMh+ lh vk/kqfud dforkvksa esa ls ,d gSa tks euq"; dh my>uks]a fo—fr;ksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dh ,d ,slh vardZFkk dgrh gS ftlds vk'k; le; ds lkFk cnyrs vkSj ubZ izklafxdrk izkIr djrs pyrs gSAa * ckr ekdZs dh gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk vk'k; le; ds lkFk cnyk gS] ubZ izklafxdrk izkIr djrk pyk gSA cklhiu ds izHkko ls eqDr dfork ^re&'kwU; esa rSjrh txr&leh{kk* dh vksj izfs jr djrh gSA Li"V gS fd txr leh{kk esa izpfyr ^fo[kaMu* ds lkFk ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk esy gksus ij dnkfpr gesa mtkyk@va/ksjk dk ;qXe foi;Z; djus dk volj feysxkA ns[kuk ;g gksxk fd ftl v¡/ksjs esa eqfDrcks/k ,d ubZ dkO;&l`f"V jprs gSa ml v¡/ksjs esa bl rFkkdfFkr mTtoy txr dh mifLFkfr] vkoktkgh] iSB] igq¡p] gLr{ksi vkSj dYiuk'khyrk D;k xqy f[kykrh gS] pfy, vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs ge&vki Hkh mBkrs gSAa oSls tks vfHkO;Dr gks pqdk gS] mls <w< ¡ u + k D;k\ ¼jkefoykl 'kekZ½ ij eqfDrcks/k dk vk'k; ;g gS dgdj ftl izdkj jkefoykl 'kekZ tSls vxzx.;ksa us viuh&lh dg&dj yh] lu~ nks gtkj l=g ds ikBd dks Hkh lh/kh ckr dj ysus nksA fganh lkfgR; ds v/;srkvksa dks vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy us ^fo#n~/kksa dk lkeatL;* in nsdj ,d dat q h FkekbZ FkhA vkpk;Z jkeLo:i prqonsZ h us ^fganh lkfgR; vkSj laons uk dk fodkl* esa blh ls viuk i{k j[kk FkkA ukeoj flag tc ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa ijLij fojks/kh Hkkofp=ksa dk ^/kwi&Nk¡gh esy* ns[krs gSa rks os vuk;kl gh nsjhnh; ;qXeksa dh Hkkouk dks vkJ; o leFkZu nsrs gSAa iz'u ;g ughaa gS fd ;gk¡ mtkyk@v¡/ksjk] /kwi@Nk¡g] d#.kk@Hk;] vkLFkk@ihM+k] Qwy@dk¡Vs vkSj vkyksd@re dh izLrqfr gS] iz'u ;g gS fd ikjaifjd ;qXeksa dh ØhM+k D;ksa lnSo ^lkeatL;* dks gh dgrh gS\ 'kCndsfa nzdrk ¼yksxkslfas VªTe½ ds izfr ikbZ tkus okyh ;g HkfDr 'kCnksa ds iwoZ fu/kkZfjr vFkZ gh D;ksa ns\ ^v¡/ksjk* D;ksa lnSo ^re*@^vKku*@^vHkko* vkfn dk vFkZ ns\ ladr s &ladfs rd&ladfs rr ds lacèa kksa esa ladfs rd ¼flfXuQk;j½ tks vFkZ dh vikj laHkkoukvksa o vxf.kr yfM+;ksa ls lfTtr gS mls D;ksa ughaa [kqyk ^[ksy* [ksyus fn;k tkrk\ ;sy fo'ofon~;ky; ds ,d izfrf"Br izkQ s l s j foelkV ¼Wimsatt½ us dfork dks ^'kkfCnd ewfrZ* ¼ocZy vkbdu½ dgdj VsDLV dh v[kaMrk vkSj vHksn;~ rk dks js[kkafdr fd;k FkkA dfork ds vo;oh :i ¼vkWxfsZ ud QkWe½Z ds fopkj dh vLlh ds n'kd esa gh gqjkZs fiV xbZ FkhA ge bl ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds ikjaifjd vkykspukRed foospu ds vkuksYZ Mh; rek'ks ls FkksMk+ ckgj fudysAa vkykspuk ds ukeojh ^lg;ksxh iz;kl* ls gh dke u pyk,¡A esjs HkkbZ] vkykspuk jpuk dh fouez nklh ughaAa 'kCn dk vFkZ ¼ehfuax½ gh u ck¡p]as 'kCn dh djkg ¼eksfuax½ Hkh lquAas uhR'ksue q k Bqedk vkSj Bld fn[kkdj vFkZ ds ^urZu* dk iw.kZ vkuan ysAa vkt ge ml ;qx esa tk igq¡ps gSa tgk¡ ^—fr* dks pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA ukeoj 147 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 147@^v¡

flag Hkh mruh gh xaHkhjrk ls i<+s ftruk ^v¡/ksjs es*a i<+rs gaAS ;kn gS uk oks dkO; iafDr;k¡ ftuesa ^[kqnh* dks bruk cqyna djus dks dgk tkrk gS fd ^[kqnk* [kqn ls mldh ^jt+k* iwNus dks ck/; gks tkrk gS\ fganh Hkk"kk esa ^dy* 'kCn ^Hkwr* vkSj ^Hkfo";* nksuksa dk lwpd gSA ;g tks lkfgR; dk ^Hkwr&Hkko* gS] blesa dqN ^Hkwr* ughaa gksrk] ^vHkwr* gksrk gS] ^vHkwriwo*Z gksrk gSA fganh lkfgR; esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk vkyksd ,d vHkwriwoZ ?kVuk ¼bZoVas ½ gSA eqfDrcks/k ds n~okjk bls ^lgh* fd;k x;k gSA nsfjnk vkSj eqfDrcks/k dk vkilh lac/a k izFke nz"V;k dqN ughaa curk fdarq laL—r dh ?kqVV~ h ihdj iyus okys ge Hkkjrh; cknjk;.k lac/a k [kkst gh ysrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k ftl le; fy[k jgs Fks] yxHkx mlh le; Ýkal esa tkWd nsfjnk ^ys[ku foKku* ¼vkWQ xzkesVksyksth½ ds fopkj dks ys[kuhcn~/k dj jgs FksA nsfjnk dk fparu vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh fpark ds QyLo:i buds ikBd ,d ubZ n`f"V vkSj n`f"Vdks.k ikrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k dk eu efLr"d ,d yxkrkj ftjg djrk] laokn djrk eu efLr"d gSA jkts'k tks'kh vkSj nsfjnkt VsDLVl fMLØkbcl ,aM Vªkl a QkslZ n ost bu fCgp oh fFkad vckmV n oYMZ] vckmV ykbQ] MSFk dYpj fQykslQh] fyVjspj] iksfyfVDl ,aM lks vksu* ¼fudksyl jks;ys] 2003½A bl iafDr esa nsfjnk dh txg eqfDrcks/k j[k nhft,] ogh ckr jgsxhA dfo v'kksd oktis;h us eqfDrcksèk ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ikB lquk vkSj rc dqN u le> ik,A vk/kh dfork lqukus ds i'pkr eqfDrcks/k us dgk] îkVZuj] te u jgk gks rks dqN vkSj ckr djrs gSAa * ftl izdkj nsfjnk dh VsDLV o.kZu vkSj ifjorZu nksuksa djrh gSa oSls gh eqfDrcksèk dh VsDLV Hkh djrh gSAa bls y{; djds dqN o"kkZas ckn v'kksd oktis;h us dgk] êq>s yxrk gS fd 'kk;n gh bfrgkl esa v¡/ksjs dh 'kfDr;k¡ bruh izcy jgh gks]a ftruh mtkys dh 'kfDr;k¡ izcy FkhaA* ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk izHkko o.kZu vkSj ifjorZu ¼fMLØkbc ,aM Vªkl a Qkse½Z djrk gSA bl ;qXe esa foyksekFkZ ds lkFk vFkZ&foLrkj Hkh gS vkSj blls gesa ^v¡èksjs es*a dh 1959&1964 okyh i`"BHkwfe le> esa vkrh gSA rc lc dqN bruk mtkl u Fkk] ^v¡/ksjs es*a izrhr gksrk FkkA vkWDlQksMZ fo'ofon~;ky; ds iz[;kr nk'kZfud ts,y- vkWfLVu us yxHkx mlh le; viuh iqLrd ^gkm Vq Mw fFkaXl fon oMZl ¼1962½ esa ,d fln~/kkar fn;k Fkk & Lihp ,DV F;kSjhA blds vuqlkj ge tks Hkh dgrs gSa mls nks izdkjksa esa ck¡Vdj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA igys izdkj ds dFkuksa dks mUgksu a s uke fn;k & fooj.kkRed lwpukFkZ ¼Constative½ vkSj nwljk gS fØ;kRed ¼Performative½A vc ;fn eSa dgw¡ fd eSa eqfDrcks/k vkSj nsfjnk dk îkBd gw¡* rks ;g dFku lwpuk ek= nsrk gS] fooj.k izLrqr djrk gSA ;g fooj.kkRed@o.kZukRed dFku gqvkA fdarq tc eSa fookg eaMi esa cSBdj ^vkse izfrx`g.kkfe* dgrk gw¡ ;k rykd] rykd] rykd dgdj pkj yksxksa ds le{k fookg&foPNsn ds fy, rRij gksrk gw¡ rks ;s dFku lwpuk ek= ughaa gksrAs fØ;kRed ;k ijQksefZs Vo gks tkrs gaAaS Mw lefFkax ckb lsbxa bV& dgrs gq, dqN djukA eqfDrcks/k dh dforkbZ dh ;g 148 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 148@^v¡

rkdr gS fd og o.kZu ek= djds ughaa jg tkrh] fØ;kRed yxrh gSAa ikBd@Jksrk dks ifjofrZr dj nsrh gSA blh dkj.k 1959&1964 ds v'kksd oktis;h igys ^v¡èksjs es*a dks fooj.k ek= tkudj mruk u le> ik, ij tSls gh mUgsa eqfDrcks/k dh fØ;kRed rkdr dk cks/k gqvk mUgsa u, vFkkZas dk vkyksd gqvkA ,d n'kd ckn os mls vkikrdky dk iwokZHkkl dgus yxsA eqfDrcks/k ds fooj.k fØ;kRedrk esa cnyrs gSa vkSj fQj ogh gksrk gS ftlds fy, ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag dh ‘kCnkoyh esa dgs&a ckr cksyxh@ge ughaAa tc eqfDrcks/k dh ckr cksyus yxrh gS] fØ;kRed gks tkrh gS rks Hksn gh ughaa [kksyrh] lR; dk eq[k vkSj >wB dh vk¡[ksa lc fn[kk nsrh gSA ;gh nsfjnk dk fo[kaMu Hkh djrk gSA ^fo[kaMu* tfVy gS] ^v¡/ksjs es*a tfVy gSA nsfjnk dks i<+uk dfBu gS] eqfDrcks/k Hkh ljy ughaAa eqfDrcks/k % xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k ¼1917&1964½A tUe 13 uoacj] 1917 ‘;ksijq ¼Xokfy;j½ es]a izkjafHkd f’k{kk mTtSu esa gqbAZ _Xosnh dqyd.khZ czkg~e.kksa esa fdlh iwot Z us êqfDrcks/k* ;k êqDr&cks/k* uke dk dksbZ vkè;kfRed xzFa k laHkor% f[kyth ;qx esa fy[kk Fkk vkSj oa’k dk uke iM+ x;k eqfDrcks/kA chMh ihrs lkekU; eè;oxhZ;] —’kdk; eqfDrcks/k cdkSy gfj’kadj ijlkbZ ^Njgjs [kwclwjr vkneh* FksA ^xgjh xgjh Hkkoqd vk¡[ks*a ] ^lsl a v q l ukd* vkSj cdkSy ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag ^ljyân; Hkkoqd vkSj ftKklq ;qod* ckn esa ^LysV&iV~Vh ij [khaph xbZ rLohj* ek= gks x, vkSj 11 flracj] 1964 dks [kRe gks x, fdarq dfork tks gS og [kRe ughaa gqb]Z ughaa gksrhA dfo thou dh vufxur dFkk,¡ dgh tkrh gSAa ij fganh lkfgR; ls ifjfpr O;fDr ds fy, êqfDrcks/k* dguk gh dkQh gSA vkSj jpuk,¡\ ^v¡/ksjs es*a vkfn&vkfnA tkWd nsfjnk % tkWd ¼tSdh½ nsfjnk ¼1930&2004½] ,d ;gwnh vYthfj;kbZ Ýkalhlh nk’kZfud dk tUe vy&ch;kj dLcs esa 15 tqykbZ] 1930 dks gqvk FkkA buds u;ukfHkjke fp= ;wV; ~ c w ij ns[ksAa 8 vDVwcj] 2004 dks isfa Ø;kt ds dSl a j ls isfjl ds ,d vLirky esa fu/ku gqvkA nk’kZfud dk thou D;k gS & iSnk gq,] fparu fd;k vkSj py clsA nsfjnk us ;wjksih; oSpkfjd opZLo dks pqukSrh nhA lajpukoknh lksp dks yydkjk vkSj bruk i<+k&fy[kk fd 80 fdrkcsa gks xbZAa bruk cksyk fd vkykspdksa dh cksyrh can gks xbZA ¼nsfjnk ls v’kksd oktis;h us iwNk Fkk & ;s crkb, egkuqHkko! rhu ?kaVs fcuk ikuh ds bl rjg dSls cksy fy, vki\½ nsfjnk dks ge muds ^fo[kaMu* ls tkurs gSAa ^nsfjnk* dks êqfDrcks/k* ls vki Hkh tksMd + j ns[ksAa nksuksa dk dksbZ tksM+ ughaAa cstksM+ gSa nksuksAa esjk bu nksuksa ls tqMk+ o jgk gSA vnE; ftthfo”kk ds èkuh nksuksa us vfLerk ¼vkbMsfa VVh½ dh [kkst dhA ,d us mls dfork ds f’kYi ls rjk’kk] nwljs us n’kZu ds ek/;e lsA nksuksa us vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs mBk,A eB vkSj x<+ rksMAs+ dfork esa dgus dh vknr gksrh rks eSa Hkh dgrk & dejs esa lqcg dh /kwi vk xbZ gS@ xSyjh esa QSyk gS lqugyk jfo Nksj@ esjs bl dejs esa vkdk’k mrjkA vkSj 149 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 149@^v¡

vaxt sz h esas fy[kus dh egkjr gksrh rks eSa Hkh fy[krk&

No one will ever know the secret

from which I write and the fact that I say it changes nothing.

dksbZ dHkh Hkh esjs ml jgL; dks u tku ik,xk ftlls eSa fy[krk gw¡ vkSj bl jgL;ksn?~ kkVu ls Hkh fd eSa ;g dg jgk gw¡ dksbZ QdZ ughaa iM+xs kA eSa le>rk gw¡ fd bruk miksn?~ kkr~ dkQh gSA vc eSa eqfDrcks/k rks gw¡ ugha]a fQj Hkh muds ‘kCnksa esa bruk rks dg gh ldrk gw¡ & ûgha tkurk fd D;k pkgrk gw¡\* vkSj nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa & êSa Lo;a ls ;qn/~ kjr gw¡A* ¼Je suis en guerre contre mnoi A meme½ 1966 esa tk¡l gksifdal fo’ofon~;ky; us tkWd nsfjnk dks lajpukokn dks dsna z esa j[kdj vk;ksftr fd, x, ,d lsfeukj esa vkeaf=r fd;kA rc vesfjdh vdknfed txr esa lajpukokn dh le> Hkh Bhd rjg ls fodflr u gqbZ FkhA xks”Bh ds vafre oDrk ds :i esa nsfjnk us ^LVªDs pj] lkbu ,SM a Iys bu n fMLdkslZ vkWQ n g~;e w u lkabflt+* ‘kh”kZd ls viuk vkys[k izLrqr fd;kA bl vkys[k us lajpukokn dh gh bfrJh dj nhA mÙkj lajpukoknh n`f”V dk mn; gqvkA IysVks ds ;qx ls pyh vk jgh ik’pkR; rRo ehekalk ds vk/kkj fcanv q ksa ij nsfjnk us iz’u [kM+s fd,A ^lajpuk* ds fopkj dks fujLr djrs gq, mUgksu a s Li”V fd;k fd lajpukoknh fln~/kkar ewyr% ,d ^dsna *z ^fLFkj dsna *z dh ckr vo’; djrk gS fdarq ;g dsna z tks lajpuk dk vk/kkj gS og vius vki esa lajpukRed fo’ys”k.k dk fo”k; ughaAa ¼dsfa nzdrk dk ;g gky gS fd fdlh lajpuk ds dsna z dks [kkstus dk vFkZ ,d vU; dsna z dh [kkst gksxk½A yksx ,d fLFkj dsna z dh dkeuk djrs gSa D;ksfa d blls ^vfLr* ds fln~/kkar dks cy feyrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ge lksprs gSa fd gekjh ekufld ,oa ‘kkjhfjd mifLFkfr ,d êS*a ds n~okjk dsfa nzr gSA bl êS*a ds bnZfxnZ gekjk vfLrRo curk o lqjf{kr jgrk gSA ij Ýk;M bl êS*a dks psru ¼Conscious½ vkSj vpsru ¼Unconscious½ esa ck¡Vdj ns[krs gSA a ik’pkR; n’kZu o rRo ehekalk us izkjaHk ls gh ^dsfa nzrk* ds fln~/kkar dks ekuk vkSj fodflr fd;k & vkfLr] rRo] :i] mn~xe] var] euq”;] bZ’oj lHkh blds vk/kkj ij ns[ks tkrs jgs gSAa nsfjnk us bu fopkjksa ds ckgj tkdj lkspus ds LFkku ij ;g lq>k;k fd bl dsfa nzdrk ds ;qXeksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks izkFkfedrk nsuk Bhd ughaAa ,d vfMx dsna z dh pkg dks nsfjnk us ^yksxkslfas VªTe* dgk vkSj viuh ;qxkarjdkjh —fr ^vkWQ xzkesVksyksth* esa yksxksl ¼’kCn] bZ’oj] foosd½ ds izfr dsna hz ;rk ds Hkko dks [kkfjt fd;kA ;g Hkh dgk fd /keZxFaz kksa o ijaijk ls bZ’oj dk ‘kCn pwf¡ d ôkd~* ekuk tkrk gS blfy, izkjaHk ls gh fpardksa us ôkd~* dks izkFkfedrk nh vkSj ^ys[ku* dks nwljs LFkku ij j[kk tks ^Qksukslfas VªTe* dk lwpd gSA nsfjnk ds fy, ‘kCndsfa nzdrk ¼yksxkslfas VªTe½ vkSj mldk y{k.k okd~ dsfa nzdrk ¼Qksukslfs VªTe½ nksuksa ik’pkR; Hkk”kk fparu vkSj n’kZu ds ,sls y{k.k gSa ftuds dkj.k ys[kd dks okd~ dk nwf”kr :i ekudj misf{kr j[kk x;kA bls nsfjnk us ^fgald Js.khcn~èkrk* ¼Violent Hierarchy½ dgkA ¼D;ksa ys[ku vkSj okd~ ds ;qXe esa ôkd~@ys[ku* dh Js.khcn~/krk jgs vkSj 150 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 150@^v¡

okd~ dks izkFkfedrk nsdj mlds n~okjk ^ys[ku* dks ifjHkkf”kr fd;k tk,\½A nsfjnk ds bl fparu esa n’kZu@lkfgR; ds ;qXe dk og IysVks dkyhu >xM+k lfEefyr gS ftlesa n’kZu dks eq[; vkSj lkfgR; dks izn”w k.k ekudj IysVks us mls vius vkn’kZ jkT; ls ckgj djus dh ckr dh FkhA ik’pkR; lkfgR;kykspu ds bfrgkl ds jkspd izlxa ksa esa vkykspdksa dh os ;kpukRed —fr;k¡ ¼viksyksth+ t½ vkt Hkh i<+h tkrh gS ftlesa lkfgR;@dkO; ds i{k esa oDrO; fn, tkrs FksA nsfjnk us dgk & ge n’kZu@lkfgR; dh Js.khcn~/krk dks D;ksa u myVdj ns[ksa & lkfgR;@n’kZu jgsA n’kZu dks lkfgR; dh rjg ls lkfgR; dks n’kZu dh rjg i<+uk laHko gSA mUgksu a s ;g Hkh lq>k;k fd ge igys ls izkIr ikfjHkkf”kd ‘kCnkoyh dk iz;ksx djrs le; ;fn fdlh in ds uohu vFkZ dh mn~Hkkouk djrs gSa rks mls langs kLin ds varxZr ¼Under Erasure½ j[ksAa nsfjnk us ^okd~@ys[ku* tSls vusd ;qXeksa ds ikjLifjd vfLFkj lacèa kksa dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, vuqijw d ¼Supplement½ ‘kCn fn;kA :lksa us ys[ku dks okd~ dk vuqijw d ek= crk;k FkkA ij nsfjnk us le>k;k fd dkykarj esa ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd ftls vuqijw d ekuk tk, og vius vki esa Lora= lRrkèkkjh gks tk,A iz—fr@lH;rk ¼Nature/Civilization½ dh ,slh ?kkrd o fgald Js.khcn~/krk dks ns[ksa rks irk pysxk fd iz—fr igys ls gh lH;rk n~okjk nwf”kr jgrh gS] dksbZ furkar ewy iz—fr ughaa gksrhA dgrs gSa vaxt sz h dk ‘kCn & xqM ¼Good½ esa ls gh bZ’oj ¼God½ ‘kCn cukA ¼?½ feYVu ds ^iSjkMkbt yksLV* esa vPNkbZ ¼Good½ vkSj cqjkbZ ¼Evil½ dh dFkk gSA vPNkbZ bZ’oj ds lkFk vkbZA cqjkbZ mlds ckn vkbZA ;g vPNkbZ dk nwf”kr :i gSA ij D;k ge ^vPNkbZ* dks le> ldrs gSa ;fn ^cqjkbZ* gks gh ugha\a ge vPNkbZ@cqjkbZ ds ;qXe dks myVdj ns[ksAa vPNkbZ igys vkbZ ;k cqjkbZ\ bZ’oj dk ^cqjkbZ* ds izfr fu”ks/k D;k gS\ Li”V gS fd ^cqjkbZ* ds vfLrRo esa vkus ij gh vPNkbZ dks Hkstk x;kA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ftl izdkj ^cqjkbZ* ,d lkFk gh LFkkukiUu ¼Substitution½ vkSj tqMk+ o ¼addition½ nksuksa gks ldrh gS] oSls gh dksbZ Hkh Js.khcn~èkrk fpjLFkk;h vkSj fodYighu ughaa gks ldrhA fo[kaMu ogh gksrk gS tgk¡ dksbZ VSDLV mu LFkkiukvksa ls fopfyr gksrh gS ftudks mlus vius fy, iwoZ fuèkkZfjr fd;k FkkA ikBd dks mlh LFkku@LFky dks VSDLV esa ns[kuk gksxk tgk¡ jpukdkj yM+[kM+krk gS] vleatl esa gksrk gSA nsfjnk fdlh VSDLV dks i<+us ds fy, vusd ;qfDr;ksa esa ls ,d dks fo[kaMu* uke ns cSBAas vkSj ;g uke ,slk pyk fd nsfjnk Lo;a vk’p;Zpfdr jg x,A oLrqr% mUgsa ;g in fMdaLVªD’ku* dksbZ [kkl ilan u FkkA mUgksu a s viuh ih,p-Mh- izc/a k dh izLrqfr ds volj ij dgk Fkk fd mUgsa bl in dh izfln~fèk ls Lo;a vk’p;Z gqvk gSA ij lRrj&vLlh ds n’kd esa vesfjdh fo’ofon~;ky;ksa ls pydj ;g in cgqrksa ds n~okjk vkykspuk dh ,d in~/kfr le>k tkus yxkA yksxksa us fo[kaMu dk ;sy Ldwy* pyk;k vkSj blds ckotwn fd ledkyhu vkykspd 151 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 151@^v¡

vkSj foe’kZdkj ekfVZu eDDohyu ljh[ks fon~okuksa us tksj nsdj dgk fd fo[kaMu dksbZ Ldwy* ;k bTe+* ughaa dksbZ okn ugha] fo[kaMuokn ew[kkZas dk pyk;k ‘kCn gS ij Kku dh txg ?ku?kksj vKku ds èkuh yksx ekurs gh ughaAa fudksyl jks;ys us dgk gS fd ^fo[kaMu* ‘kCn dk ,d ckj Hkh iz;ksx fd, cxSj ge nsfjnk ds —frRo ij ekudxaFz k fy[k ldrs gSAa ysfdu eSa ;fn ,slh ckrsa tksj nsdj dgw¡xk rks vki eq> ij gh langs djsxa As blfy, eSa igys ;g crkrk gw¡ fd fo[kaMu D;k ughaa gSA 1- fo[kaMu dksbZ ØhVhd ughaa gSA ¼Not a form of Critique½ 2- ;g dksbZ fof/k ;k fln~/kkafrdh ughaa gSA ¼It is not a method or a theory½ 3- ;g dksbZ fMLdkslZ ;k vkWijs’ku ughaa gSA ¼It is not a discourse or an operation½ 4- fo[kaMu u fo’ys”k.k gS vkSj u rduhdA ¼Neither an analysis nor a technique½ 5- fo[kaMu D;k gS\ oLrqr% dqN ughaAa ¼What is deconstruction? Nothing of course½ 6- fo[kaMu dk ;g Lohdkj djus ls dqN ughaa tkrk fd ;g vlaHko gSA ¼Deconsturction loses nothing from admitting that it is impossible½

7- fo[kaMu og ughaa tks vki lksprs gksA ¼Deconstruction is not what you think½ 8- fo[kaMu fouk’k ughaa gSA ¼Deconstruction is not destruciton½ 9- fo[kaMu fo[kaMuRo dk dkj.k ughaa gSA ¼Deconstruction is not a cause of the deconstructibility½

10- fo[kaMu u dksbZ Ldwy* gS vkSj u bTe*A

¼Deconstruction is not a ‘School’ or

an ‘Ism’½

mijksDr dFkuksa esa ls vk/ks ls vf/kd nsfjnk ds gSa vkSj ckdh muds Vhdkdkjksa dsA nsfjnk us ^n Vkbe bt vkmV vkWQ tksbVa * ¼1995½ esa dgk fd mUgksu a s dHkh vius vkidks bl uke ls tksMu + @ s tqMo+ kus dk nkok ughaa fd;kA mUgsa ;g ges’kk vthc yxk fd os blds mPpkj ls gh ldidk tkrs gSAa ;gh ughaa mUgsa dHkh Hkh ;g lkspus ls NqVV~ h ughaa feyh fd bl /kjs gq, uke ls D;k cks/k gksrk gS] dqN cks/k Hkh gksrk gS ;k ugha\a ¼i`- 15½A vc vki gh ns[k yhft, fd nsfjnk dks ,sls fud use* ¼Nick Name½ ls [kqn dks tksMs+ tkus o tksM+ j[kus esa fdruk vViVk yxrk FkkA blhfy, tc Hkh dksbZ bls ikfjHkkf”kr djus dks dgrk Fkk] os Vky tkrs FksA ge Hkh ifjHkk”kkvksa dks Vkyrs gq, dg ldrs gSa fd fo[kaMu u dksbZ fof/k gS] u izfof/k] u rduhd] u leh{kk&n`f”V vkSj u dksbZ vkWijs’ku vkSj fMLdkslZ D;ksfa d fo[kaMu ifjHkk”kktU; ugha]a vuqHkotU; gSA gj VsDLV esa dqN fo[kaMukRed izfØ;k,¡ pyrh jgrh gSa vkSj os cM+s mrkoysiu ls mUgsa i<+s tkus dh izrh{kk dj jgh gksrh gSAa fo[kaMu og ikB gS tks bl izrh{kk dks iw.kZ djrk gS ¼A deconstructive reading attends to the deconstructive Processes always occuring in the texts and already these wanting to be read. ik;us ,e ¼1993½ & jhfMax F;kSjh] i`-121½ Li”V gS fd

fo[kaMu dh izfØ;k ikBd ;k vkykspd ls ughaa vkrh cfYd VsDLV ls Lo;a fudyrh gSA og ogk¡ igys ls gh fon~;eku gksrh gSA ;g og rukoiw.kZ fLFkfr gS 152 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 152@^v¡

tks VsDLV esa py jgh gksrh gSA VsDLV Åijh rkSj ij dqN dg jgh gS fdarq mlds Hkhrj dqN vkSj mcy jgk gksrk gSA og dqN dgus ds fy, etcwj gS vkSj dqN vkSj dgus dks rRij gSA fØLVQj uksfjl ds fo[kaMu ij ,d izkekf.kdn xzFa k 1987 esa gh fy[k fn;k FkkA os ogk¡ bl ckr dks dqN bl rjg dgrs gSa & Deconstruction is the tension between what the text manifestly means to say and what is nevertheless to means (page 19)A blfy, tc nsfjnk fo[kaMu dh vlaHkkouk dks js[kkafdr djrs

gSa rks os Hkk”kk dh ml vlaHko bPNk dks crkrs gSa tks LFkk;h :i ls vk¡[k fepkSyh djrh jgrh gS ij iz;ksDrk dh pkg ds vkxs Lo;a dks izdV Hkh djuk pkgrh gSA blhfy, fo[kaMu dh dksbZ vuqHkwr vkSj tk¡ph ij[kh fof/k ughaa gks ldrhA VsDLVsa v{kj’k% Lo;a dks fo[kafMr djus esa yxh jgrh gSa vkSj mudh ;g vlaHko bPNk fd mUgsa ^Hkkokrhr ladr s d* fey tk, vkSj os ml ‘kk’or lR; ls lk{kkRdkj djk ldsa iwjh ughaa gks ikrhA vkB xkaB dqEeSr fu”.kkr ikBd dh izrh{kk djuk mudh fu;fr cu tkrh gSA nsfjnk ds loZifz ln~/k xzFa k vkWQ xzkesVksyksth ¼1976½ dh vaxt sz h vuqoknd xk;=h pØorhZ fLiokd~ us bl izrh{kk dks le>rs gq, fVIi.kh dh gS fd lHkh VsDLVsa vius fyf[kr lajpukRed <k¡ps dks Lor% fo[kafMr djus dk iwokZH;kl djrh jgrh gaAS ¼All texts.... are rehearsing their grammatology structure self-deconstructing as they constitute themselves. i`- ixxviii ½A vr,o vc fo[kaMudrkZ dks djuk ;g cprk gS fd oks ml fcanq dh igpku djds mls ys[kuhcn~/k dj nsA D;ksfa d varrksxRok fo[kaMu i<+us ds lkFk ys[ku Hkh gSA ;gk¡ ;g Lej.k j[kuk gksxk fd fo[kaMudrkZ leh{kd dksbZ fuf’pr mn~n’s ; ysdj u pysa vkSj jksyk ckFkZ dh mfDr dk /;ku j[ks & ys[ku ,d vdeZd fØ;k gSA ¼To write is an intransitive verb½A fo[kaMu ys[ku dh izfØ;k esa Lor% Lo;a dks vaxhHkwr djus yxsxkA oLrqr% og ml izfØ;k esa jgsxk vkSj og ,d ,slk bZoVsa ¼Event½ gksxk tks ^bfr* dh izrh{kk ughaa djrkA geus ekuk gS] ekuuk gh iM+k fd fo[kaMu djuk vlaHko —R; gSA geus fo[kaMudrkZ cudj fdlh VsDLV dk ikB fd;k vkSj gesa Hkk”kk us Lor% os va/k LFky fn[kk fn,A rnqijkar geus fo[kaMu dh n`f”V ls ys[ku fd;kA QyLo:i ,d ubZ VsDLV vfLrRo esa vkbZA bl ubZ VsDLV dks ge ml VsDLV dk vuqijw d dgsxa s ftl VsDLV dk ge fo[kaMu djus fudys FksA vkSj og ubZ VsDLV Hkh Lor% rR{k.k fo[kafMr gksuk izkjaHk dj nsxhA VsDLV ds tUers gh ;g izfØ;k izkjaHk gks tk,xhA nwljh ckr ;g gS fd ;g VsDLV dksbZ izkekf.kd ikB ughaAa dksbZ izkekf.kd ;k iw.kZ ikB fdlh VSDLV dk dHkh gks gh ughaa ldrkA blfy, ;g le> ysa fd nsfjnk ds fo[kaMu ds vuqlkj gj VsDLV esa vufxur vuqijw d fo[kaMukRed VSDLVksa dks tUe nsus dh laHkkouk mifLFkr gksA gk¡] vkSj bu vufxur VSDLVksa ls Hkh vufxur vU; fo[kaMukRed VsDLVsa fufeZr dh tk ldrh gSA bu laHkkoukvksa dks dHkh fojke u feysxk ¼Ad infinitum½ fo[kaMu ds va/kdwi ¼abyss½ esa izo’s k djuk 153 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 153@^v¡

vfr jksekapdkjh vuqHko gSA blesa Hk; Hkh gS vkSj vkuan HkhA fo[kaMudrkZ dk ekFkk ?kwe tkrk gSA bruk eneLr gks tkrk gS fd dHkh Bgjus dh lw>rh gh ughaAa vkSj ;g Hkh [kwc gS fd tc dHkh vki fdlh ubZ vkSj fHkUu VsDLV dks bl n`f”V ls i<+us cSB tkrs gSa rks i<+us dh bl fØ;k ds nkSjku gh vki bldh ,d ubZ ekul VsDLV rS;kj dj ysrs gksA ;g VsDLV vkidh viuh ekSfyd —fr gS] vkidh ekul&iq=hA bldk iqu% iqu% ikjk;.k djds Hkh vki ikB dh vuar Ük`[a kyk,¡ fufeZr djus pys tkrs gSAa blh dks fon~okuksa us dgk gS & i<+uk ys[ku gSA ¼Reading Writes½

eSDdohyu ¼Mc Quillan½ us nsfjnk dh ,d iafDr dk foa[kMu fd;kA og mnkgj.kkFkZ nsuk Bhd jgsxkA nsfjnk us fy[kk Fkk & fo[akMu ,d izfof/k ughaa gSA oLrqr% nsfjnk Ýsp a Hkk”kh gS] mUgksu a s Ýsp a esa bls bl izdkj dgk Fkk & Pas de methode, eSDDohyu us viuh iqLrd ^Qkbo LVsªVtht Qksj fMdLVªD’ku* ¼2000] i`- 5½ esa bl ij fo[kaMu;qDr n`f”Vikr fd;kA Pas ‘kCn ds Ýsp a esa nks vFkZ gSa & ughaa vkSj ØeA blfy, bldk vuqokn nks rjg ls gksxkA 1- dksbZ izfof/k ughaAa 2- izfof/k dk ,d Øe ;k ixA vc nsfjnk us fo[kaMu dks izfofèk dk ,d Øe ;k ix dgk gS ;k ;g dgk gS fd ;g dksbZ izfof/k ughaAa nsfjnk rks vc jgs ughaAa ;g ckr og r; ughaa dj ldrsA mudk vuqoknd vkSj@;k ikBd vius ikB ls r; djsxkA rHkh rks nsfjnk dgrs gSa fd fo[kaMu dks fdlh ,d vFkZ ls cka/kk ughaa tk ldrkA nsfjnk us fo[kaMu ds fy, dqN in~/kfr;k¡ lq>kus dh lksph vo’; Fkh vkSj muds izkjafHkd ys[ku esa i<+u]s fuoZpu djus rFkk ys[ku ds dqN fu;eksa dk ladyu ¼Ensemble of rules for reading, interpretation and writing½ djus dh ckr gqbZ Hkh Fkh fdarq nsfjnk us ughaa cfYd mudh vuqoknd xk;=h pØorhZ fLiokd~ us vkWQ xzkesVksyksth* dh Hkwfedk esa budk mYys[k bl izdkj fd;k Fkk & To locate the promising marginal text to disclose the un-decidable moment, to pay it loose with the positive lever of the signifier, to reverse the resident hierarchy, only to displace it, to dismantle in order to reconstitute what is always already inscribed. [1976, P ixxvii]

bl vk/kkj ij fo[kaMu gsrq dqN ekxZn’kZd fcanq fu;r fd, tk ldrs gSa & 1- fo[kaMu ds fy, izLrqr VsDLV dk fu/kkZj.k] 2- vfu’p; ds {k.kksa dk vukoj.k] 3- LFkkfir Js.khcn~/krk dk foi;Z;] 4- izkIr Js.khcn~/krk dk iqufuZ/kkZj.kA bls vki lg;ksx ekus]a vafre ‘kCn ugha]a fØLVQj uksfjl ds dFku ls Hkh cgqr lgk;rk feysxhA os dgrs gSa & fo[kaMu mu lc ikjaifjd rkSj rjhdks@ a fopkjks@ a O;ogkjksa dk lfØ; foijhr Øe gS@deZ gS tks vc rd vkykspuk ds uke ij fd, tkrs FksA fdlh VsDLV dk dksbZ izkekf.kd ikB ughaa gksrkA ys[kd us viuh VsDLV esa tks vk’k; j[k NksMk+ gS] fo[kaMu mldh pwy fgyk dj j[k 154 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 154@^v¡

nsrk gSA fo[kaMu gj izkekf.kd ikB dk fojks/kh gS] vkSj esjs bl ikB dk Hkh ¼1991%XI½

cgqr fouezrk ls vkSj cM+s vf/kdkj ls ;g mYys[k djuk vuf/kdkj ps”Vk u gksxh fd izFke iafDr ds vkykspdksa n~okjk ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks lkfgfR;d foe’kZ ds dsna z esa ykus dk Js; ysuk ,d ckr gS vkSj dfork dh VsDLV esa okn&fo’ks”k dh [kkst djuk nwljh ckr gSA vkikrdky dk iwokZHkkl] QkflLV [krjs dk vkHkkl] lkfgR; dh izxfr’khy ijaijk] Økafrdkjh la?k”kZ] fuEu e/;e oxZ dk vkSlr] cqnf~ èkthoh] fo’oekuorkokn] ;wjksih; lkfgR; dh vWyhxjh vkfn tqeyksa ls vkIykfor ys[ku dks eSa Hkh u;k Kkuksn;* ysdj ck¡p x;k gw¡A ^v¡/ksjs es*a ij fQj fQj tk jgk gw¡A fo[kaMu ekurk gS fd leh{kk dh ;s reke VsDLVsa flQZ ,d vkSj] vkSj fQj ,d vkSj VsDLV cu ldrh gS]a ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst tc rd [kkst jgrh gS rc rd vkuan nsrh gSA fo[kaMu dgrk gS fd oks ^jkgksa ds vUos”kh* ds lkFk jgrk gSA eafty ;k y{; ij igq¡pdj feyus okyk v#.k dey fo[kaMu ughaAa fo[kaMu ds ckjs esa iwNus ij nsfjnk us ,d ckj dgk Fkk & Ce qui arrive vkxs vkxs nsf[k, gksrk gS D;k\ vkSj fQj cdkSy vKs;] eqfDrcks/k ifj.kfr ds ughaa izfØ;k ds dfo* gSa ghA esjs lkeus nks ekxZ gSa & ,d ds n~okjk eSa lh/ks ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh leh{kk d:¡] vk/kkj j[kw¡ nsfjnk ds fo[kaMu dkA esjs le{k ,d cuk cuk;k ekWMy Hkh gSA lqèkh’k ipkSjh us ^dkek;uh % ,d fo[kaMukRed ikB* izLrqr fd;k FkkA mUgsa e/; izn’s k lkfgR; ifj”kn~ dk jkepanz ‘kqDy lEeku ¼nsfjnk dk fo[kaMu vkSj fo[kaMu esa dkek;uh½ Hkh feykA nwljk jkLrk yack gS] ÅcM+ [kkcM ?kqekoksa ls xqtjrk gSA de yksx gh bls idM+rs gSAa egktuksa ;su xr% l iaFkk* okyk igyk jkLrk ;k jkscVZ ÝksLVh; ixMaMh ¼n jksM uksV Vsdu½ I took the one less travelled by And that has made all the difference. (Robert Frost: The Road not taken (1916½

vaxt sz h dk gwA¡w vesfjdu dfo] tokgj yky usg: dk euphrk vkSj [kwc i<+k&i<+k;k dfo tks dg x;k mldks vkn’kZ eku eSa ;gk¡ ,d vU; jkLrk vf[r;kj d:¡xkA eSa xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k dh yach dfork ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks bl izdkj ns[kw¡xk fd ,d vksj rks dfork dk fo[kaMu n`f”V ls ikjk;.k gks] nwljh vksj nsfjnk ds vusd fopkjksa dh bl dfork ds mn~/kj.kksa ds ek/;e ls izLrqfr gksA nsfjnk dks vki tkus]a eqfDrcks/k dks eSa tku yw¡A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk tks ikB esjs ikl gS og gSnjkckn ls izdkf’kr ^lzoa fr* ¼fn~oHkk”kk ekfld if=dk½ ds ekpZ 2015 vad esa Nik gS vkSj MkW- th- uhjtk ¼lglaiknd½ ds ln~Hkko ls izkIr gqvk gSA mUgksu a s gh ^u;k Kkuksn;* ¼vad 139] flracj 2014½ dks QksVks dkih djkdj miyC/k djk;k gS vkSj izkQ s l s j _”kHknso ‘kekZ ds vkns’k ij eSa ;g dk;Z dj jgk gw¡A ¼bl ys[ku 155 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 155@^v¡

ds fy, le; fudkyuk bl fy, laHko gks ik jgk gS D;ksfa d vjck feap fo’ofon~;ky;] vjckfeap] bFkksfi;k ds lân; lkFkh lg;ksx djrs gSAa vr% mUgsa /kU;okn Hkh nsuk pkfg,½A eqfDrcks/k dks dne dne ij pkSjkgs feysA os ,d iSj j[krs Fks fd lkS jkgsa QwVrh FkhaA os mu lc ij ls xqtj tkuk pkgrs FksA ;s tks ^pkS?kV~V*s gksrs gSa ¼esjs dLcs esa pkSjkgs dks ^pkS?kV~Vk* dgrs gS½a ogk¡ ,d vksj iuokMh dh nqdku gksrh gS] nwljh vksj gyokbZ] rhljh rjQ fdrkcksa dh vkSj pkSFkh rjQ lM+d lh/ks cl vM~Ms dh rjQ dh tkrh gSA pkSjkgs] nksjkgs vkfn ij [kM+k vke&vkneh ¼eSxa ks&eSu½ pwldj Qsd a fn;k tkrk gSA u ?kj dk jgrk gS u ?kV~Vs ¼?kkV½ dkA fnYyh ;k mTtSu dh ckr gh D;k\ n~ona o~ ls fun~onaZ o~ gksdj ^nj&cnj* nwj ns’k&ijns’k esa iM+k eSa eqfDrcks/k ikuk pkgrk gw¡A eq>s Hkze gksrk gS fd izR;sd ikBd esa pedrk ys[kd gksrk gSA gjsd dye esa jks’kukbZ gksrh gS vkSj fQj eSa Hkh _”kHknso ij fo’okl djuk pkgrk gw¡A izR;sd euq ds iq= ij u Hkh d:¡] ,d ij rks dj gh ldrk gw¡ & HkfDr gS rks ‘kfDr gSA viBuh;rk 1964 dk fganh lkfgR; txr esa fo’ks”k egRo gS D;ksfa d mlh o”kZ ^v¡èksjs es*a dk ^dYiuk* uked if=dk esa izFke izdk’ku gqvk FkkA ;g ckr nwljh gS fd bl izdk’ku frfFk ls iwoZ gh eqfDrcks/k dh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj os viuh vU; dforkvksa dh rjg gh bldh ikBdh; izfrfØ;k Hkh ns[k lqu u ik,A gk¡] bruk vo’; gS fd blds ys[ku dky esa ¼yxHkx 1957 ls 1962 rd½ eqfDrcks/k bls le;≤ ij i<+dj vo’; lqukrs jgsA v’kksd oktis;h ds ‘kCnksa esa & ^ml nksigj tks fd 1959 ds tkM+kas dh jgh gksxhA BaM Hkh Fkh vkSj ckny HkhA ize s pan ds ukrh dFkkdkj izcks/k dqekj ds edku ds ,d dejs esa geus ;kus dqN ik¡p Ng ;qok dfo&ys[kdksa us eqfDrcks/k ls igyh ckj mudh lqifjfpr yach dforkvksa ls Hkh yach ,d dfork lquh FkhA mldk Qyd] mldh fcac ekyk,¡] mlds izlxa lHkh brus vizR;kf’kr vkSj HkkSp a d djus okys Fks fd geesa ls fdlh dh Hkh dqN izfrfØ;k djus dh fgEer gh ughaa gks ik jgh FkhA ge LrC/k Fks D;ksfa d ge vius lkeus eqfDrcks/k dh] vc ;kn vkrk gS] FkjFkjkrh lh vkokt esa dqN ,slk gksrs ns[k lqu jgs Fks tks fganh dfork esa igys dHkh ughaa gqvk FkkA* fganh lfkgR; dh fiNyh ‘krkCnh esa fy[kh xbZ izk;% lHkh mYys[kuh; yach dforkvksa ds leku ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork Hkh nsfjnk ds ml fopkj dks ifjiq”V djrh gS ftlesa mUgksu a s ,d fofp= lk lglac/a k vk.kfod ryNV ¼U;wfDy;j osLV½ vkSj dkyt;h —fr ¼ekLVjihl½ ds chp ns[kk FkkA ^ck;ksfMxzM s c s y* uked ys[k esa nsfjnk dgrs gSa fd ,slh —fr;k¡ izk.ki.k ls viuh j{kk djrh gSAa (Enigmatic kinship between nuclear waste and the masterpiece and it resists erosion, biodegradable. Page 845)A vkSj ;g os ,d vuwBs izdkj ls djrh gSA a os vius ikBdksa ls ckj&ckj

156 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 156@^v¡

u, <ax ls i<+s tkus dh ek¡x djrh gSA lkekU; vkSj pyrkÅ ikBd ds fy, nqckZès k] viBuh; vkSj vtk;c?kj cu tkrh gS vkSj ,slh —fr;ksa dk ,d vkd”kZ.k mldh viBuh;rk Hkh gqvk djrk gSA ;gk¡ viBuh;rk dk vFkZ ;g ughaa fd ;g i<+h gh u tk ldsxh vkSj ikBd dks fdadrZO;foew< NksM+ nsxh] grk’k dj nsxhA cfYd ;g vius ikBdksa dks iqu% iqu% i<+u]s vuqokn djus rFkk xgjs iSBus dh ek¡x djrh gSA nsfjnk us ^fcQksj n ykW* fuca/k esa ;g Hkh dgk gS fd ,slh —fr;ksa dk lgh o lexz ewY;kdau lnSo LFkfxr fd;k tkrk gSA dksbZ le; lhek fu/kkZfjr ughaa dh tk ldrhA ij ;g Hkh ughaa fd ,slk dHkh gksrk ughaAa ;gh ckr v’kksd oktis;h Hkh dgrs gSa fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds vk’k; le; ds lkFk cnyrs vkSj ubZ izklafxdrk izkIr djrs pyrs gSAa ;gh ughaa ,slh —fr dks i<+uk lnSo ,d O;fDrxr vkSj vkReh; vuqHko gksrk gSA ¼Only happens to me½ ds vn~Hkqr ladr s ksa Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh nwj ls gh ‘kksj epkrh] dHkh dkuksa esa pqi&pqi jkt dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa geha dks lqukrh gS vkSj ge vius dks ,d ne pfdr gksdj ns[krs gS]a vkSj igys ls vkSj vf/kd igpkuus yxrs gSa & ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag ¼1992½A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk ikB ,d vuqHko gS vuqHko vfn~orh;A eqfDrcks/k dh ;g dfork ^dkO;&;k=k* vkSj ^rjg&rjg* ds vuqHkoksa ds chp dfo dh u [kRe gksus okyh jpukRedrk dh ryk’k ¼jkeLo:i prqonsZ h½ gS vkSj ;gh gS Hkh fd mudh ;g ;k=k dHkh [kRe ughaa gksrhA ^jke dh ‘kfDr iwtk* vkSj ^vlkè; oh.kk* tSlh vU; mYys[kuh; fganh dforkvksa dh rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh VSDLV Hkh jgL;iw.kZ gS tks ,d lkFk gh vkRekyki] vkRedFkk] jktuhfr] /keZ] lekt] lkfgR;] Hkk”kk] okn] Økafr] n’kZu] fparu vkfn dks lesVrh pyrh gSA vkSj gj ckn tc ge bldk ikB djrs gSa rks gesa ,d u;k ikB nsrh gS ¼vusd ukeojksa ds vusd ikB fiNys ipkl o”kkZas ls fganh txr esa Nk, gq, gSAa baVjusV ij Hkh ¼chch-lh- lesr½ vusd ikB gS]a vufxur ikB mu ikBdksa ds Hkh gSa tks dHkh dgha Nirs ugha]a cl ân; iVy ij Nki NksMs+ tkrs gSAa rHkh rks nsfjnh; oDrRo dh xgjkbZ le> esa vkrh gS fd ,slh —fr dh egRrk dk ikj ikuk vlaHko gSA ¼The impossibility of acceding to its proper significance½

D;ksa bls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dgk x;k\ dfork fdl v¡/ksjs dh ckr dj jgh gS\ D;k vaèksjk dksbZ O;fDr gS\ ¼dejksa esa v¡/ksjs yxkrk gS pDdj½ ;k ;g dfork ^vaèksj* ¼va/ksjxnhZ½ dh dfork gS\ D;k ;g dfo gS tks ckj&ckj êSa eS*a djrk gS\ dfork dk êS*a dkSu gS\ dkO; uk;d eS*a vkSj mldk izfr:i ôg* D;ksa ukVdh; dkS’ky ek= ughaa izrhr gksr\s ;g ^v#.k dey* D;k gS\ eqUuq yky vkSj euq dk ekt+jk D;k gS\ dfork dk ^gj ,d psgjk*] îzR;sd xfrfof/k*] îzR;sd pfj=*] îzR;sd ekuoh; LokuqHkwr vkn’kZ* fdl vksj bafxr dj jgk gS\ vthcksxjhc xksj[k/ak/kk gSA cM+k Hk;kog lalkj gSA dYiuk dk ;g Hkqrgk ¼Uncanny½ yksdru&eu esa fljgu lh Hkj nsrk gSA ,Mxj ,yu iks dh jpuk ^n jsou* dk Lej.k gks vkrk 157 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 157@^v¡

gSA jgL; gS dqN bl jgL; yksd esAa ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag dks ,l-Vh- dksyfjt dh ^,af’k,aV eSfjuj* tSlh yach dfork ;kn vkrh gSA os Hkh dekso’s k ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh viBuh;rk] ^jpuk dh nh?kZdk; fojkVrk* dks js[kkafdr djrs gSAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork mUgsa ^gkWjj fQYe* izrhr gksrh gSA nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa dgsa rks bl ^jgL;* ij tks inkZ iM+k gqvk gS vkSj tks ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk jgL;e;h lalkj gS mls dksbZ ‘ke’ksj Li”V ughaa dj ldrkA ;g Ô;k[;k*] ^fo’ys”k.k* vkSj ^gy* djus dk iz’u ugha gSA ;g ^vxE;rk* mlh iBuh;rk ds dkj.k gS vkSj ;g iBuh;rk dfork dk xq.k gS] fo’ks”k.k gS] ^yqHkko* gSA pyks nsfjnk dks mn~/k`r djrs gq, dgrs gSa & dksbZ jgL; vo’; gSA fdarq ;g vius dks bruk fNikrk Hkh ughaa gSA vkSj tSlk fd nsfjnk ^fxou Vkbe* esa fy[krs gSa & jgL; dh vxE;rk esa gh VsDLV dh iBuh;rk xqfa Qr gSA ¼The readability of the text is structured by the unreadability of the secret. i`”B 152½A eSa rks ;g Hkh dgw¡xk fd fdlh VsDLV esa ;fn ;g ckr ughaa rks og ^lkfgR;* ds ntZs esa izo’s k dh ik= ughaa gks ldrh gSA dksbZ VsDLV rHkh mYys[kuh; curh gS tc mlesa vFkZ dh vikj laHkkouk,¡ rks gksa gh] mlds vFkZ dHkh pqds Hkh ughaAa ^jgL;* jgL; Hkh jgs vkSj fpyeu ls ut+kjk vkSj nhnkj gksus dk ^Hkze* Hkh jgsA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk cs’kdherh lan’s k mlds jpukdkj dh ,dy ^lgh* dk dksbZ LFkkukiUu gks ughaa ldrkA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh rqyuk dh ughaa tk ldrhA vU; vusd yach dfork,¡ gS]a gksxa hA ij ;g vius vki esa viuh igpku gSA nsfjnk dk uke yks vkSj fo[kaMu vius vki vk tkrk gSA rqylhnkl dgks rks ^jkepfjr ekul*A feYVu dgk vkSj îSjkMkbt+ yksLV*A ,fy;V dgrs gh ^n osLV ySM a * dk uke vkrk gSA Bhd oSls gh eqfDrcks/k dgrs gh ^v¡/ksjs es*a Lor% vk tkrk gSAa izR;sd —fr dk Lor% lk{; gksuk ;g Hkh n’kkZrk gS fd blds izHkko dks ns[kus ds fy, izR;sd ikBd dks Lor% lk{kh gksuk gksxkA mls vius îkB* vkSj ^fparu* ds fy, [kqn ftEesnkj gksuk gksxkA eqfDrcks/k dh ^lgh* dks eqdEey djus ds fy,] muds n~okjk gLrk{kfjr —fr ij îzfrgLrk{kj* djus gksxa As izfrgLrk{kj ls esjk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ;fn vki Hkh ;g ekurs gSa fd eqfDrcks/k vkt rd dh fganh dfork esa ^ykbV gkml* gSa rks muds lkFk ^sfojkV] lkaL—frd vkSj oSpkfjd jkx* [kkstus ds fy, vki lh/ks v¡/ksjs esa mrjsxa s vkSj —fr dk viuk ikB rS;kj gksuas nsxa As ;gh dfo dh ^lgh* ¼Sign½ ij vkidh ^lgh* ¼Countersign½ gksxhA ;g blfy, Hkh t:jh gS D;ksfa d dfo dg x;k gS & vius vius vkbfM;kt+ gSa vkSj vkykspd dgrs gSa & bcgke vkSj lanHkZ & fNUurk ;k uSja r;Z xqe’kqnxh ogk¡ Hkh vkHkkflr gS fdarq vkrafjd laxfr vkSj dFkkud izokg dh vfofPNUurk tjk lk iz;kl gh ikBd dks jpukdkj Hkh curk gSA cM+k dfo ikBd dks lg&jpukdkj ;k viuh jpuk dk Hkkxhnkj Hkh curk gSA ¼fo’oukFk f=ikBh] u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 31½A 158 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 158@^v¡

dkO;kuqHko ¼The Poematic Experience½ vaxt saz h vkykspuk ls ifjfpr fon~oku dfork dh Hkk”kk ds fy, îks,fVd* vkSj îks,fVdy* bu nks ‘kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSAa ukeoj flag dfork ds u, izfreku ¼1968½ esa eqfDrcks/k dh Hkk”kk ij fopkj djrs gq, dgrs gSa & vuqdj.k’khy dfo izk;% ml îks,fVdy* Hkk”kk dk iz;ksx djrs gSa tks ijaijkxr dkO;kRed Hkk”kk ds nk;js dks rksMd + j vius u, dF; ds vuq:i ^dkO;Hkk”kk dk fuekZ.k djrk gS tks vkjaHk esa [kqjnjh gksrs gq, Hkh viuh vFkZoRrk esa tkunkj gksrh gSA* blds foifjr l`tu’khy dfo ijaijkxr dkO;kRed Hkk”kk ds VqdM+s fijks, gq, gksrs gSAa v¡èksjs es*a esa Hkh Hkk”kk ds nksuksa :i feyrs gSAa oLrqr% dkO;Hkk”kk ij ;qx izorZd ys[ku izfln~/k jksekafVd dfo fofy;e oMZloFkZ vkSj ,l-VhA dksyfjt us fd;k FkkA izhQsl Vq n fyfjdy oSyM s l ~ ¼1801½ esa dfork dks Hkkoukvksa o laons ukvksa dk Lor% LQwrZ izokg ;k vfHkO;fDr dgrs gq, fofy;e oMZloFkZ us dkO;Hkk”kk ds fy, vke thou ls ‘kCnkoyh ysus dh ppkZ dh FkhA muds fy, rc vke thou@xzkeh.k thou dh Hkk”kk vf/kd LFkk;h] nk’kZfud] fdrkch cks> ls eqDr vkSj LokHkkfod FkhA vkt ge fganh ds lanHkZ esa ijaijkxr lekl cgqyk laL—r fu”B fganh cuke cksypky dh vke Qge Hkk”kk dh ppkZ djrs gSAa ;g ns[kus okyh ckr gS fd fujkyk vkSj eqfDrcks/k nksuksa esa nksuksa rjg dh Hkk”kk,¡ gSAa Hkk”kk iz;ksx gSA nsfjnk îksbfVdy* vkSj îks,fVd* nksuksa ls vkxs tkdj iks,esfVd ¼Poematic½ dh ckr djrs gSA a muds fy, dfork ds varLry esa îse z * ;k ^vklfDr* dk fon~;eku gksuk vko’;d gSA os ize s dh cwVa h ds ijkSdkj gSAa ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd fo[kaMu ize s ds fcuk dHkh ,d ix Hkh ughaa uki ldrkA ¼Deconstruction never Proceeds without love. fn vkWy eksLV ufFkax vkWQ fn vu iztV as c s y] 1995] i`“B 83½A mudh ,d NksVh lh iqfLrdk gS & Che Cos’e la Poesia? ftlesa mUgksu a s dfork dh lQyrk ds fy, ,sls ikBdksa dh njdkj dh gS tks dfork ikB ds nkSjku ml vuqHko ls xqtj ldsa ftls n iks,esfVd ,Dlihfj,al ¼The Poematic Experience½ dgrs gSAa dfork i<+r&s i<+rs Hkko foHkksj gksdj ;fn ikBd ;g u dg mBs & I love you by heart eSa rgsfny ls rqEgsa pkgrk gw¡] eqfDrcks/k] rks ckr gh D;k gS\ bl iqfLrdk esa os fny&nkuo ¼demon du coeur ½ dk mYys[k djrs gSAa ;gk¡ ;g Li”V dj nw¡ fd nsfjnk ds fy, ^nkuo*] êkuo* ;k ^bZ’oj* dk foykse ughaAa dac[kr b’d dh rjg ize s ;fn vkidks ^v¡/ksjs es*a ls gS rks bls fny thrus nksA bls fny esa jgus nksA bls eu esa clk yksA daBkxz djks blds va’kA ^v¡/ksjs es*a us tks fny thrs gS]a og blhfy, D;ksfa d og vius ikBdks ls lnk dgrh jgh gS & eSa iw.kZ :i ls rqEgkjh gw¡A eq>s yksA esjh QksVks dkWih djk ds j[k yksA eq>s ck¡pksA esjh ppkZ djksA eq>s lgstksA esjs lkFk [kkvks] ihvksA esjs gj v{kj dks ih tkvks] gte dj yksA esjs lkFk jgksA eq>s lkFk j[kksA esjk vuqokn djksA esjk viuk ikB rS;kj djksA 159 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 159@^v¡

eqfDrcks/k ds lac/a k esa yhyk/kj eaMyksbZ us û;k Kkuksn;* ¼flracj 2014½ esa ^ckr cksyxs h* ¼i`- 49½ ds varxZr eqfDrcks/k vkSj ^ge* ifjppkZ esa vkjafHkd oDrRo nsrs gq, dgk gS & ;g ifjppkZ dnkfpr bl LFkkfir Hkze dk Hkh ,d gn rd fuokj.k djrh gS fd ;qok ys[kdksa dk eqfDrcks/k ls izR;{k ;k ijks{k xgjk ukrk ughaa gSA vusdkusd dfo tc ;g dgrs gSa fd muds fy, ^v¡/ksjs es*a vdFk dk vk’p;Zyksd gS ¼lfork flag½A eqfDrcks/k ,d izoky n~ohi dh rjg pedrs fn[krs gSa ¼enu d’;i½A eqfDrcks/k esjs jksy ekWMy gS ¼lat; dqna u½A nqfu;k ds lcls tfVy dfo ;kuh ’kqn/~ k vfHk/kk ds n~okjk y{;kFkZ dh O;atuk lh[kus okys dfo ¼gser a dqdjsrh½ gSAa fganh dfork ds vuwBs uk;d ¼lqna j pan Bkdqj½A ;s ubZ ih<+h ds dqN ,sls jpukdkj gSa tks ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks i<+rs le; mlds iks,esfVd izHkko dks vkRelkr djrs gSAa dbZ dfo] tSls lqna j pan Bkdqj] eqfDrcks/k dh ‘kSyh dk vuqdj.k djrs gS]a iqjL—r gksrs gSa vkSj mudh bUVsfa lVh & cspu S h dks viuh dfork esa mrkj ykuk pkgrs gSAa tc lat; danq u dks eqfDrcks/k dh fodyrk viuh lh yxus yxrh gS rks ;g iks,esfVd vlj gSA dfork dk ikBd ftls ml dfork ij lekykspukRed fVIi.kh fy[kuh gS og o.kZu djrk gS ij ftls ;g iks,esfVd vuqHko vkIyfor djrk gS og la;Dq r vuqHko ds izHkko dks eglwlrs gq, dfo dh osnuk@vkuan dks vius eu esa Hkh mlh izdkj f?kjrk gqvk ikrk gS tSls dfo dk vuqHko jgk gksxkA fiz;n’kZu ds ‘kCnksa esa & eqfDrcks/k dks i<+uk esjs fy, varjkRek esa ncs&Nqis mu Lojksa la’k;ksa dks u, fljs ls lquuk vkSj igpkuuk gS tks vkt ds dksykgy esa [kks x, gSAa os ,d lkFk csgn nwj vkSj csgn djhc utj vkrs gSAa ^lqdksey&lkoZdkfyd vuqHko cks/k* esa vk/kkj ij tc êS*a ^v¡/ksjs ea*s esa izo’s k djrk gw¡ rks ogk¡ ,d vU; êS*a igys ls gh mifLFkr ikrk g¡Aw og eS*a dkO;&uk;d gS]a og êS*a eqfDrcks/k gSA og êS*a ôg* gSA bl êS*a dh vU;euLd ekufld fLFkfr ls êS*a eSa igys lgkuqHkwfr j[krk gS fQj ,dkdkj gks tkrk gSA Hk;kØkar dkO; uk;d êS*a dqN Hkksx jgk gS] dqN [kkst jgk gS] dqN lksp jgk gSA dqN xqtj jgk gS mlds efLr”d esAa mlds vusd LoIu fp=ks]a Hkko fp=ks]a vk’kadkvksa esa va/kdkj dh i`"BHkwfe gS vo’; fdarq ,d êgd&ygj* Hkh gS ftldk v¡/ksjs esa irk ughaa pyrk cl vuqHko gksrk gSA nsfjnk dgrs gSa fd esjs êS*a dk Hkku eq>s gS ij tc dfo dk êS*a vkSj esjk êS*a feyrs gSa rks dfork esa O;Dr gj in eq>ls tqM+ tkrk gSA

vkReijdrk

¼Reflexivity½

;g Hkh ,d y{k.k gS Dykfld —fr;ksa dk fd os Lor% gh vkRe ijh{k.k vkSj vkRekyki djus yx tkrh gSAa fdlh VsDLV dk fQj fQj vartkZr gksuk izFke n`f”V ls Li”V u gks ik,xkA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds /khj ikBd bls ^ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* ekurs gSAa ij ;fn vfHkO;fDr dk vk/kkj Hkk”kk gS rks bl Hkk”kk dh [kkst 160 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 160@^v¡

Hkk”kk ds ek/;e ls djuk dfBu ughaa rks vkSj D;k gS\ nsfjnk ,d mnkgj.k nsrs gSa & Mise en abyme ¼’kCn’k% bldk vFkZ gS dwiLFk djuk½A ;g in bl ckr dh vksj ladr s djrk gS fd tSls fdlh mPp lSfud vf/kdkjh ds da/ks ij dksbZ jktfpg~u yxk gks ftlesa ,d ‘ksj ds gkFk esa ,d ‘khYM gks vkSj ml ‘khYM esa Hkh ,d ‘ksj oSlh gh ‘khYM Fkkesa [kM+k gksA lkfgR; ds lanHkZ esa dgsa rks ;g oSlk gh gS tSls ,d ,slk miU;kl gks ftldh dFkk esa dksbZ miU;kldkj miU;kl fy[k jgk gksA esVkfQD’ku ¼Metafication½ in blds fy, iz;ksx djrs gSAa dfork ds {ks= esa ,slh dfork tks dfork ds ckjs esa gksA bls vki esVkiksbVªh dgsa ;k vkRekyksMu djrh dfork & ckr ogh gSA nsfjnk bl ckr ij cy nsrs gSa fd ;g Meta bruk fuLlgk;] Hkksyk&Hkkyk :id ughaa cfYd [kklk Økafrdkjh vkSj fo[kaMu dk lwpd gSA ;g Hkh Li”V gS fd esVk Hkk”kk vko’;d Hkh gS vkSj vlaHko HkhA gesa bldh [kkst gksrh gS ij ;g dHkh ‘kqn/~ k :i ls ughaa feyrhA ges’kk iznfw ”kr] dVh QVh] foHkDrA rHkh rks gj VsDLV dks igys ls crk nsuk iM+rk gS fd og miU;kl gS] dFkk gS] ;k dgkuhA mldh bl rjg igpku gks ikrh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a i<+rs gq, nkLrk;oLdh ds ^cznlZ djektkso* miU;kl dk og va’k lglk Lej.k gks vkrk gS ftlesa cM+k HkkbZ ,d yach dfork ds Hkkoksa dk foLrkjiwod Z o.kZu djrk gSA miU;kldkj ds eu esa tks rM+i] ihM+k vkSj cspu S h gS mldh vfHkO;fDr og vius jpk, lalkj esa thrs ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls djrk gSA eqfDrcks/k Hkh ^v¡/ksjs es*a dbZ lanHkkZas esa bl jgL;e;h lalkj dk tc o.kZu djrs gSa rks ph[krh dfork* cukus ds miØe esa ytkus dk vfHku; ek= djrs gS]a ytkrs ughaAa cfYd vusd v/kwjh vkSj lrgh ftanxh ds xeZ jkLrksa ij pyrs gq, daVdkdh.kZ] ygwygq ku] {ky&fo{kr] cz.kkgr] dkV&[kk, iSjksa dks ukpus] ph[kus vkSj ‘kksj djus nsrs gSAa bl jpuk dh lajpuk esa gh dqN ,sls rkc ekStnw gSa fd bldks blds jpukdkj ds n~okjk ,d ckj dfork dgus ds ckotwn Hkh iqu% iqu% bldk ^dfork* gksus dh igpku dks Lo;a ^dfork* n~okjk fpg~fUkr ¼Mark½ djuk iM+rk gSA blh dkj.k ukVdh;rk ds izcy rRoksa ds ;= r= gksus ij Hkh dHkh blds ukVd gksus dh nkosnkjh ij lkspuk iM+rk gS vkSj dHkh fryLeh dFkk] jksekapd tklwlh ukosy] Ýk;Mh; vkRe ijh{k.k ;qDr ,d dsl@fnekxh LØhfuax ds ckn fjgk gksus okys dkO; uk;d dk iwokZyki] fQYeh ‘kkWV lh lfØ;rk vkSj yksd xkFkk lh ,sfrgkfldrk rFkk Hkfo”; osRrkvksa lh Hkfo”; n’kZuh;rk dks ^ekdZ* djds Lo;a eqfDrcks/k Hkh ckj&ckj blesa ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst dks ekdZ djrs tkrs gSa vkSj ikBd Hkh dHkh bl —fr ds ukVdh; dkS’ky] dHkh blds o.kZu&fooj.k dFkk&dkS’ky vkSj dHkh dkO;kRedrk dks ^fjekdZ* ¼iqu%fufgr½ djrk pyrk gSA izHkkr f=ikBh ds ‘kCnksa esa & bl iwjh dfork esa vko;fod Hkko ls lfØ; ukVd] fp=dyk] laxhr] yksdjpuk] flusek tSlh dykvksa dh ,slh ,deso gks xbZ] lkanr z k gS fd mls fdlh 161 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 161@^v¡

QkSjh bjkns dks rRdky iwjk djus okyk ;k fd fdlh ljyh—r Hkkon’kk rd ys tkuh okyh dfork dh rjg i<+uk ‘kk;n bldh lajpuk esa ekStnw vkosx iwfjr fopkj&foosd laofyr] laf’y”V mnkRrk dks utj vankt djus tSlk gSA ¼dfri; ifjofrZr] u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 43½A nsfjnk blh dks u gksrs gq, Hkh gksuk (Participation without belonging) ekurs gSA a tc v¡/ksjs ês*a dh VsDLV cgq/kk vius ikBd dks dHkh miU;kl] dHkh dgkuh] dHkh ukVd vkSj dHkh lexz thou dh vkykspuk izrhr gksrh gS] ,slh —fr le> esa vkrh gS tks dfork ds f’kYi esa gksus ds ckotwn ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* lh yxrh gSA rc og mls ^ØkWl ,Dtkfeu* djrk gS] ^Fkksjksyh ØkWl ,Xtkfeu* djus dks ck/; gksrk gSA ;s lc bl ^VsDLV* dk fgLlk gS vkSj ughaa HkhA ;g og Hkh gS vkSj ughaa Hkh] ckgj Hkh gS vkSj Hkhrj HkhA nsfjnk dh ekU;rk gS fd fdlh —fr dk ‘kh”kZd lnSo ,d ladYi gksrk gS ¼A title is always a promise½A dHkh ;g ‘kh”kZd ,slk O;kIr gks tkrk gS fd VsDLV dk d.k&d.k blls xqt a k;eku gksrk gSA dfork ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst gS] vfLerk dh [kkst gSA dkO;xr vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst gSA vfHkO;fDr ds [krjs vkSj mudks mBkus dh tn~nkstgn gSA ^v#.k dey* vfHkO;fDr dk :id gSA fcae Qsd a rh osnuk ufn;k¡* ftl dfork esa fon~;eku gksa vkSj ftl dfork dh Hkk”kk ij ukeoj flag ;g fVIi.kh djsa dgha l?ku fcacksa dh ekyk gS rks dgha BsB likV c;kuhA oLrqr% ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk [kkSQukd dkO; lalkj leFkZ Hkk”kk dh gh l`f”V gSA og dfork tks êgkdkO;kRed* dgha tk, tks ubZ dfork dh pje miyfC/k gks] og vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ek= ughaa gks ldrh] ughaa gksuh pkfg,A eqfDrcks/k dh lai.w kZ ^VsDLV*] ‘kh”kZd lesr] ,d ladYi ysdj pyrh gSA igys i`“B ls ysdj vfuokj dksbZ ,d tks fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrkA var rd gjsd psgjs esa rkd&>k¡d dj ns[ks tkus ls ckotwn ughaa feyrk] v¡/ksjs esa Fkk vkSj v¡/ksjs esa gh jgkA D;k v¡/ksjs esa gh jgus dh bldh fu;fr Fkh@gS\ eqfDrcks/k dh VsDLV ‘kh”kZd ls gh ,d cspu S h ysdj pyrh gS ;g cspu S h u dgha eè; esa HkVdrh gS vkSj u var esa fdukjs yxrh gSA bl n`f”V ls ;g va/ksjk nks vFkkZas dks leks, gSA ,d rks va/ksjk gS jkf= dkA va/kdkj gS ftlesa reke rjg dh ^vutkuh vu&igpkuh vk—fr* ¼euq lesr½ dksbZ ^jgL;e; O;fDr* vk vk dj Hk;Hkhr djrk gSA ;fn eku ysa fd dfork dk êS*a dfo dk êS*a ugha]a og ,d pfj= ek= gSA vkSj ;g dfork fy[kdj eqfDrcksèk us dsoy mRizjs d ¼Catalyst½ dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS rks ijaijkxr vkykspd blls lger u gksxkA mlds fy, ;g leLr dkO; lalkj vkReHkRlZuk ¼jkefoykl ‘kekZ½ vkSj vkRefuokZlu ¼ukeoj flag½ ds iz[kj Loj gSAa ij ;fn ,d ckjxh êS*a dks ^dfo* u ekudj fryLeh dFkk dk ik= eku ysa ¼vkSj tks fn[krk Hkh gS½a rks dFkkokpd ftl jgL;e; O;fDr dks viuh vfHkO;fDr crk jgs gSa vkSj ftls og dfork ds yxHkx izkjaHk esa gh ns[k jgk gS mldks og fQj fQj ns[kdj Hkh vu[kkstk* D;ksa crk jgk gS\ 162 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 162@^v¡

og jgL;e; O;fDr vc rd u ikbZ xbZ esjh vfHkO;fDr gSA ¼[kaM 1½ [kkstrk gw¡ iBkj---igkM--A leqna j tgk¡ fey lds eq>s esjh og [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr vkusokj vkRelaHkok ¼vafre iafDr;k¡½ nsfjnk us bl lkjs miØe dks vFkZ vkSj lanHkZ dk LFkfxr lac/a k dgrs gq, ;g ekuk gS fd blds fcuk fdlh lkfgR; dh l`f”V gks gh ughaa ldrhA ¼There is no literature without a suspended relation to meaning and reprence... the strange institution called literature, i`-48½A dFkkuk;d ;gha mls esjs ^ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo* dgrk gS

vkSj fQj fQj nksgjkrk gS] ekuks u[kf’k[k o.kZu djus dh Bkuh gks & fn~orh;e; eq[k og ize s Hkjk psgjk] Hkksyk Hkkyk Hkko] vk¡[kksa ls fdj.khyh ‘kkafr dh ygjs-a -A bruk tku igpku dj Hkh dFkkuk;d drjkrk jgrk gS] Mjrk gSA tSls dksgrwj dk izdk’k vk¡[kksa dks pdkpkS/a k dj nsrk gSA dekso’s k oSlk ghA ;g cspu S h blh izdk’k ls lk{kkRdkj djus dks ysdj gSA ^fgj.;e; ik=s.k lR;lkfifgra eq[ke~* dh mifu”knh; mfDr esa tks dkeuk gS og eqfDrcks/k ds ;gk¡ ;kpuk gks xbZ izrhr gksrh gSA ^lkfgR; lekt dk niZ.k gS* ,slk izk;% dg fn;k tkrk gSA fdarq igyh iafDr ls ysdj var rd ^v¡/ksjs es*a lekt dks niZ.k fn[kkrh gS] lekt dk niZ.k ughaa fn[kkbZ nsrhA vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; lekt dh fonziw rk Hkys gh ;gk¡ gks fdarq tSlk nsfjnk us dgk fd fcuk ;FkkFkZ dks lgkjk cuk, ,d ,slk rkuk ckuk cqu nsuk fd og dHkh ;FkkFkZ dk Hkze izrhr gks] dHkh ;FkkFkZ vkSj dHkh tknqbZ ;FkkFkZA Hkwrgk ;FkkFkZ dk [kkSQukd eatj fn[kkrh dfork ;fn niZ.k gS rks ,slk lef>, fd tSls ^Hkwrksa dh ‘kknh* esa dSejk fNik gks ftlesa rF;ksa ds thou n`’; mrjrs gksAa ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* esa eqfDrcks/k us Li”V dj fn;k gS fd ^mudh dforkbZ esa le; vkSj lkekftd okrkoj.k ls izjs .kk gS vkSj O;fDr rFkk lekt dk blesa iwjk n[ky gS fdarq dfork dksbZ fuca/k rks gS ughaa fd ftlesa yksxksa dks vkt ds gkykr dh tkudkjh feys] u og dksbZ ukVd gS ftlesa ik= izLrqr gksdj ewrZ :i ls thou&;FkkFkZ mifLFkr djrs gSAa * dfo blfy, ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa Hkwr&orZeku&Hkfo”; esa ls orZeku dh mifLFkfr dks bl izdkj gLrkeydor izLrqr djrs gSa fd le; ,dkdkj gks tkrk gS ftlesa ‘kki Hkz”V firk vthxrZ vkSj iq= ‘kqu%’ksi dh ,srjs; czkg~e.k dh dFkk ls Lok/khu Hkkjr ds yksdfgr firk vk feyrs gSAa O;fDrRo tc viuk gh vius ls [kks tkrk gS rks efLr”d fof{kIr gks gh tkrk gSA lkekftd nkf;Ro cksèk dk f’k’kq da/ks ij ysdj pyus okyk ^eS*a da/kksa ij dHkh lwjteq[kh Qwyksa ds xqPNs ns[krk gS vkSj dHkh os Hkh otunkj jk;Qy esa cny tkrs gSAa HkbZ [kwc!! dgdj 163 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 163@^v¡

dfo vkxs c<+ tkrk gSA vkSj vkykspd bls vkRela?k”kZ@vkReHkRlZuk dgrk gSA vks¶Qks!! bUgha dks y[kdj dfo dh fVIi.kh gS & esjs gh fo{kkse&ef.k;ksa dks fy, os]@ esjs gh foosd&jRuksa dks ysdj]@ c<+ jgs yksx v¡/ksjs esa lksRlkg!@ fdarq eSa vdsykA@ ckSnf~ /kd tqxkyh esa vius ls nqdy s kAA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork bl izdkj niZ.k ds LFkku ij ;g dgrh izrhr gksrh gS fd bl dfork dk lPpk lalkj bl dfork esa O;kIr gSA vkSj bl lalkj esa izo’s k djus dk vkSj dksbZ nwljk ekxZ ughaa flok; ml Hkk”kk vkSj ml Hkk”kk esa vfHkO;fDr ds ftls og Lo;a [kkst jgk gSA

vleatl

¼ Aporia½½

^v¡/ksjs es*a gks D;k jgk gS] dFkkuk;d D;k lquk jgk gS\ ;fn dkO; uk;d nks gSa & eSa vkSj og vkSj nksuksa ,d nwljs ds iwjd gSa rks dfork ds :i esa izLrqr bl dfork esa vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ^eS*a dj jgk gS ;k og jkefoykl ‘kekZ cM+h xaHkhjrk ls eqfDrcks/k dh dfork dks ^vlqjf{kr thou dh dfork* djkj nsrs gSa D;ksfa d mUgsa ;gk¡ Hkko cks/k dh vfLFkjrk vkSj fopkjksa dh my>u fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA uo&ikBd ;k izjs d dh [kkst esa eqfDrcks/k dh vksj c<+us okyk uoksfnr dfo ,slh iafDr;ksa dks i<+dj grksRlkfgr gks ldrk gSA ^vkykspuk dk n~ona o~ * esa nsoh’kadj voLFkh ;gk¡ rd dg dj ?kcjkgV esa Mky nsrs gSa fd ^mudh dfork lkekU; ikBdksa ds fy, gS gh ugha*a vkSj mudh dfork le>us ds fy, ,sls efLr”d dh t:jr gS tks fopkjksa ls my> ldrk gks vkSj tfVy HkkokuqHkwfr dks vkRelkr dj ldrk gksA nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa dgsa fd eqfDrcksèk dh dforkbZ dk ikBd lh/kh p<+kbZ dh u lksps vkSj u gh dfork dh vxe xgjkbZ dk iwokZue q ku yxkdj pysA izkphu xzhd Hkk”kk dk ,d ‘kCn gS & AbyssoA bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ,d ,slk va?kdwi ftlds ry vkSj xgjkbZ dk irk u py ik,A vxe@vxkspjA ,d nwljk ‘kCn gS & AporiaA bl ‘kCn dk fganh :ikarj djsa rks viksfj;k dks ^vleatl*] ^langs *] ^p;u djus esa dfBukbZ* ;k ,d izdkj dk laHkze dgsxAas vktdy dh fganh esa ,d in pyk gS & ^fnekx dh ngh gksukA ekxZ u lw>uk* ¼No way½ & D;k d:¡ fdr tkÅ¡\ ¼xzhd Hkk”kk esa Aporos - ekxZghurk½A nsfjnk us viksfj;k dks dgk & A non road, ;g ,d ,slk vuqHko gS ftldk dksbZ var ughaa & vuojr vuqHkoA vfuf’prrk ds vuqHko tSlk & ,d ckj gqvk rks gqvkA blls =k.k ughaAa viksfj;k vkSj vcsl ¼vleatl vkSj va/kdwi½ ;k vaèkdwi lk vleatl jke cpk,A thou ds izR;sd {ks= esa viksfj;k ds {k.k vkrs gSAa fdruk vPNk gksrk fd tSls tgkt dk iaNh fQj tgkt ij vk tkrk gS oSls gh vU;= lq[k u ik ldus okyk eu Hkwyk Hkwyk u fQjk djrk\ lcdks mRrjnkf;Ro vkSj fu.kZ; djrs le; bl rjg vleatl dk lkeuk u djuk iM+rkA ‘ksDlih;j ds ukVd ^gseysV* dk eq[; ik= To be or not to be* ds iz’u ls vkt Hkh my>k gqvk 164 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 164@^v¡

gSA blh rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk tUe gh viksfj;k esa gqvk gSA eqfDrcks/k us dfork dks ‘kh”kZd fn;k ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a A blh ‘kh”kZd ls dfork ^dYiuk* esa Nih HkhA ij ckn esa ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi* dks gVk fy;k x;kA ij D;k ‘kh”kZd gVkus@fcBkus dh bl ps”Vk us dfork esa O;kIr ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi* dh mifLFkfr dks fujLr dj fn;k\ vktknh ds inzga chl lky ckn fy[kh dfork ls lRrk i{k vkSj turk i{k ds chp ds n~ona o~ dks vk’kafdr gks ns[kk x;k gS & eq>s vc [kkstus gksxa s lkFkhA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork esa O;kIr vleatl dh fLFkfr dk dkj.k gS nks O;fDr pfj=ksa dh ize[q krkA ;gk¡ ,d eS*a dkO; uk;d gS vkSj nwljk mldk izfr:i gS & og*A leLr dfork esa o.kZu dh xgurk vkSj fooj.k dh l?kurk ds dkj.k ikBd Hkh dfo ds leku gh vFkZ dh [kkst djrk gSA ;fn eqfDrcks/k ds fy, ;g dkO; Hkk”kk vfLerk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst jgh vkSj ftls og ikdj Hkh u ik ldk] ikBd ds fy, bl ukVdh; dfork vkSj dFkkRed dfork dk eu ij izHkko ,slk gksrk gS fd vFkkZas dh osnuk f?kjrh gS eu ês*a vkSj îzR;sd vFkZ dh Nk;k esa vU; vFkZ@>ydrk lkQ lkQ* vFkZ dk lk/ku dfo dh dfork gksuk pkfg, vkSj lkFk gh ikBd dk O;kid ifjos’k rFkk vuqHkoA ij dbZ ckj dfork ds ukVdh; foèkku esa ikBd [kksdj jg tkrk gS] ‘kCnksa ds vFkZ ds ikj og tk ughaa ikrk vkSj ikBd dHkh dfork esa dfo dh ryk’k djrk gS vkSj dHkh dfork dhA ;gh vlaetl ¼viksfj;k½ dk O;kid vuqHko gSA dbZ vkykspdksa us v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dh lajpuk esa ukVdh; fo/kku ;k dkS’ky dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA lai.w kZ dfork esa ,d O;ofLFkr dFkkud Hkh n`f”Vxkspj gksrk gSA bVyh dh ekjhvksyk vksQjs nh ¼Mariola Offredi½ uas ^Fkzh VsM a l s ht vkWQ daVEizjs h fganh iksbVªh* ¼1980½ esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds lajpukRed <k¡ps dh izLrqfr ,oa fo’ys”k.k djrs gq, ;g ik;k fd bl dfork dk ,dy dsna z ^la?k”kZ* ¼Conflict½ gSA vkSj ;g n~ona o~ ;k la?k”kZ eqfDrcks/k dh ih<+h dk gSA vlqj{kk] vfu.kZ;] vkdfLedrk] xjhch] vlaiUurk] grk’kk] fujk’kk] fo”kerk vkSj vkgr eu ls vkIykfor fuEue/;oxZ ds izfrfuf/k ds :i esa dfo êS*a bl n~ona o~ * dks fofHkUu laons ukvksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA rhu ize[q k fcacks&a cjxn] xqgk vkSj xkfy;kjs dks ysdj vksQjsnh ,d Ldhe vkSj n~ona o~ ds tksMs+ cukrh gSa & xqgk&dejk] eu&efLr”dA tgk¡ xqgk ;k xqQk vkJ; dk uSlfxZd lk/ku gS] dejk ekuo&fufeZr vkJ; LFky gSA eu fparu vkSj fpark dk lk/ku gS vkSj efLr”d rdZ vkSj ruko dkA bl v/;;u us lajpukRed dks vk/kkj cukdj ikBd ds fdafpr Ågkiksgh vleatl dks nwj djus dk ;Ru fd;k gSA lajpukoknh iz.kkyh ds vk/kkj ij fd, x, bl v/;;u ds vfrfjDr :ioknh vè;;u Hkh ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk gqvk gSA ftoksouk feyuslh ¼Giovanna Milanesi½ us :lh :iokfn;ksa ;Fkk ;kdksoysfop izkis ¼1928½ vkfn n~okjk izLrqr ekWMy ds vk/kkj ij dfork ds uSjfs Vo LVªDpj dks 165 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 165@^v¡

[kaxkyk gSA

¼The structural cohesion of the Poem is based on its solid narrative structure that orients the reader througha the various stanzas in spite of the difficulties of the symbolic language. ½A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk v/;;u ,-ts- xzhel ¼M.J. Greimas, 1966½ ds

^,DVfo;y ekWMy* ds vk/kkj ij Hkh gks ldrk gS ftlesa fdlh dFkk dks foijhr ;qXeksa esa CkkWVdj ns[kk tkrk gS tSls uk;d@[kyuk;dA oLrqr% gj laL—fr esa dFkk ds ik= mlds ifjos’kkuqlkj cny tkrs gSa fdarq ckr* ogh jgrh gSA Hkwfedk cny tkrh gS] dykdkj cny tkrs gSa fdarq earO; ¼enumciation A spectacte½ ughaa cnyrkA bl dfork esa Hkh ewy :i ls nks ik= fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa & êS*a ¼dkO; uk;d½ vkSj ôg* ¼,d jgL;e;h O;fDrRo½ bUgha ds bnZ&fxnZ lai.w kZ dFkk dk rkuk ckuk cquk x;k gSA xzhel ds oxhZdj.k ds vuqlkj ;g jgL;e;h O;fDrRo lan’s kokgd gS vkSj dfo êS*a mldk izkidA ;g jgL;e;h O;fDrRo ftls gjsd vkykspd izk;% ^vfHkO;fDr* dgrk gSA ekuks vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst dk y{; gksA bl O;fDr dk mYys[k djrs le; dfo us ^dksbZ ,d*] ôg*] ^fryLeh [kksg esa fxj¶rkj dksbZ ,d*] ^vfuokj dksbZ ,d*] ^dksbZ cM+k psgjk*] ^xgu jgL;e; va/kdkj /ofu lk*] dksbZ vutkuh vuigpkuh vk—fr] lkeus jgL;] lk{kkr] esjh vfHkO;fDr] iw.kZ voLFkk og] fut laHkkoukvks]a fufgr izHkkoks]a izfrHkkvksa ds esjs ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoZHkko] vkRek dh izfrek vkSj esjh og [kksbZ gq, ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj vkfn lacksèku&fo’ys”k.k&uke feyrs gSAa dfo dk og xq: gSA jkr dk i{kh tc dgrk pyk tkrk gS rks ogk¡ Hkh dfo mls mldh [kkst djus dks dgrk gS & ‘kks/k djus dks dgrk gS D;ksfa d og rsjh xq: gS] xq: gSA ¼laL—r esa xq* vaèkdkj dk vkSj ^:* nwj djus okyk* dk okpd gS½A dguk u gksxk fd bl jgL;e;h O;fDr dks vfHkO;fDr ds ekuohdj.k ds :i esa izLrqr djus rFkk ,d leFkZ ^xq:* dk in nsdj vkSj Hkh vlaetl esa Mky fn;k gSA izkjaHk ls gh dfo dk cjrko vthcksxjhc jgk gSA mls viuh detksfj;ksa ls rks yxko gS gh] og ,sls fiz; vH;kxr ls drjkrk Hkh gS vkSj mlls Mjrk Hkh gSA Vkyrk gS mlsA dgha var esa tkdj og vius [kks, gq, vkRefo’okl dks bl [kksbZ gqbZ vfHkO;fDr dks [kkstus esa yxk ikrk gS fdarq fQj Hkh dfo vu&[kksth fut le`nf~ èk dk og ije mRd”kZ] ije vfHkO;fDr] vkRelaHkok dks [kkstrk jg tkrk gS vkSj og vfHkO;fDr [kksbZ Hkh rks dgk\ & fdlh tu;wFk esAa viksfj;k dh O;kfIr dk dkj.k ;g Hkh gS fd ^dfo* ;gk¡ Lo;a ,oa lnSo fuf”Ø; gSA mldh iz—fr vkSj y{; irk ughaa pyrsA bl fufgr fuf”Ø;rk ds dkj.k leLr ?kVukØe êS*a ds n~okjk lapkfyr gksrk gS vkSj dfo dk tks Hkh vk’k; gS og ikBd ds ikl êS*a ds ek/;e ls vkrk gSA blls ikBd dks tcju ,d jgL;e;h laLkkj esa yk;k tkrk gS ftldh l`f”V Lo;a dfo us bl izdkj dh gS fd mlds fo’o esa bl fo’o dh vkoktkgh cuh jgsA vkSj dfork dks dkykrhr@loZdkfyd cukus ds fy, igyk gh in dkQh gS & ftanxh ds tks nkaras dh n fMokbu dkWeM s h 166 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 166@^v¡

¼1320½ ds izkjaHk ls feyrh gS D;ksfa d nksuksa gh gSaA

,dkxz&Hkko

in medias res

& e/; ls izkjaHk djrs

¼Singularity½

izR;sd lkfgfR;d —fr dk viuk ,d O;fDrRo] dysoj vkSj igpku gksrh gSA vkSj ,sls izR;sd VSDLV dks nsfjnk ,dkxz ¼Singular½ dgrs gSAa bu vFkkZas esa v¡/ksjs es*a dh VSDLV ,d lkfgfR;d —fr gksus ds ukrs ,dkxz* —fr gSA ;gh ughaa ,sls —frRo dk izR;sd ikB Hkh ^,dkxz* gksxk] flaX;qyj gh gksxkA ;g ,dkxz Hkko —fr esa vius vuwBs eqgkojs] dgu ‘kSyh ,oa —frdkj ds gLrk{kj ls vkrk gSA vusd dfo Fks rc Hkh tc eqfDrcks/k fy[k jgs Fks] vkSj muds ckn Hkh dbZ vU; vk,A fQj ,slh D;k ckr gS fd ge fujkyk ds i’pkr eqfDrcksèk ij ,dkxz gksrs gSAa ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag ds ‘kCnksa esa eqfDrcks/k us Nk;kokn dh lhek,¡ yk¡?k dj] izxfrokn ls ekDlZ n’kZu ys] iz;ksxokn ds vf/kdka’k vf/kdkj laHkky vkSj mldh Lora=rk eglwl] Lora= dfo:i ls lc oknksa vkSj ikfVZ;ksa ls Åij mBdj fujkyk dh lq/kjh vkSj [kqyh ekuorkoknh ijaijk dks vkxs c<+k;kA ,d Js”B lekykspd gksus ds ukrs ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag us ,d okD; esa lkjxfHkZr rjhds ls eqfDrcks/k dks fujkyk ls tksMk+ A fdarq ^fujkyk* fujkyk gS]a ^eqfDrcks/k* eqfDrcks/kA fujkyk vius <ax ls fy[krs Fks vkSj eqfDrcks/k viusA fujkyk ds leku gh eqfDrcks/k dh Hkk”kk Hkh rstfLØ; gSA ukeoj flag Hkh ekurs gSAa ij tSlk nsoh ‘kadj voLFkh dgrs gSa & fujkyk dh rqyuk esa eqfDrcks/k dh yach dfork,¡ dgha vf/kd ifj”—r gSAa fujkyk ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa dks ek/;e cukdj ledkyhu okLrofdrkvksa ij fVIi.kh djrs gS]a eqfDrcks/k okLrfodrk dks vkRelkr djus ds fy, QSVa lh dk lgkjk ysrs gSAa nsfjnk ds ,dkxzrk ds fopkj dks ;fn QSykdj ns[ksa rks ;g Bhd bl rjg gksxk tSls dskbZ O;fDr tc viuk QksVks f[kapokus ds fy, izLrqr gksrk gS rks viuk ,d ikst*+ cukrk gS ftldks ge Li”V ns[k ikrs gSAa ¼pan’z ks[kj vktkn] ljnkj Hkxr flag] Lokeh foosdkuan vkfn dk uke Lej.k djs]a muds fp= dks efLr”d esa cuk, vkSj ckr le> esa vk tk,xhA½ ,d gkFk esa tyrh ekfpl dh rhyh] gksBksa esa maxfy;ksa ls ,d fof’k”V vnk ls chM+h lqyxkus ds fy, miØe djrs gq, rUe;rkiwod Z vk¡[ksa ewnas [kM+s xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k us tks Hkafxek cukbZ gS og dqN dgrh gSA mudk ;g ikst ^u;k Kkuksn;* ds flracj 2014 ds eq[ki`“B ij gS vkSj ^lzofa r* ds ekpZ 2015 ds vad ds eq[ki`“B ij HkhA vusd iqLrdks]a vU; if=dkvksa ds Hkh eqfDrcks/k dk ;g fp= gksxkA D;ksa ipkl o”kkZas ds i’pkr Hkh mudk ;g ikst+ fpRrkd”kZd yxrk gSA dqN dgrk gS gjsd dksA ¼Everyone has their own way of doing, thinking, feeling or experiences things, if may be a question of how you choose to pose - or how you find yourself posing for a photograph½ ¼There is no one Narcissism, ¼Autobiophotographies, page 200-1½A ;g tks vuqHko gS] fdlh —fr ds ikB dks vkRelkr djus mldh

167 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 167@^v¡

,dkxzrk ls vkIykfor gksuk] og ,slk gS tks gjsd dks gksrk gS fdarq izR;sd O;fDr ;gh dgsxk] fd ;g eq>s gh dsoy gqvkA ¼It only happens to me½A fdarq vuqHko dh ;g ,dkxzrk nqgjk&ca/ku gSA eqgkojs dh [kkst mldh bPNk djuk Hkh ,d eqgkojk gqvkA dguk u gksxk fd nsfjnk dh ;g mfDr fdl izdkj eqfDrcks/k ds —frRo dks mudh Hkafxek dk ifjpk;d fln~/k djus esa lgk;rk iznku djrh gSA eqfDrcks/k oLrqr% ^xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k* esa ls og laKk gS tks mudk ikfjokfjd ifjp; gS] muds iwot Z ksa dk nk; gSA ek/ko muds firk gSa vkSj xtkuu og Lo;aA ij dkykarj esa ;g ^eqfDrcks/k* mudk gh uke gksdj jg tkrk gSA bl uke dks tc eSa xwxy djrk gw¡ rks vusd eqfDrcks/kksa esa bUgsa vxzx.; ikrk gw¡A buds ,d HkkbZ Hkh ejkBh ds dfo gS]a fdarq os bl uke ls vfHkfgr ughaa fd, tkrsA jes’k eqfDrcks/k muds iq= gSa fdarq gSa cl iq= ghA ¼;g dqN ,slk gh gS ftls vki ^cPpu* ls Hkh le> ldrs gSAa firk dk uke iM+k ij ^fcx ch* gh cPpu gS] vfHk”ksd gS exj cl iq= gh½A ysfVu Hkk”kk dk ‘kCn gS & Proprius ftldk vFkZ gS ^viuk*A eqfDrcks/k dk —frRo mudk viuk gSA dksbZ lqna j pan Bkdqj Hkys gh viuh dforkvksa esa eqfDrcks/k dh mifLFkfr LohdkjsA ij og gksxh eqfDrcks/k dh ‘kSyh o Hkafxek dh udy ghA Bhd oSls gh tSls udyh uksV dksbZ Nki ys] pyk Hkh ys ij vlyh vlyh jgsxkA ¼nsfjnk us bls Ýkalhlh dfo iksxa s ¼Ponge½ ds —frRo ij fopkj djrs gq, ,d iqLrd ^lkbXliksxa *as ¼Signsponge½ esa foLrkj ls crk;k gS½ ^izkis j* ;k ^veqd* uke oLrqr% izkis VhZ gks tkrk gSA oLrqr% ;g Hkh ik’pkR; laL—fr ¼vkSj gekjh Hkkjrh; laL—fr½ ds ‘kCn dsfa nzdrk ¼Logos½ ds fopkj dh nsu gS tgk¡ ‘kCnkFkZ] mifLFkfr vkSj vkf/kiR; lc ,d ‘kCn esa lekfgr gks tkrs gSAa vkidks Lej.k gksxk fd ‘ksDlih;j ds ukVd ^jksfe;ks twfy;V* esa twfy;V dh leL;k gh ;g gS fd jksfe;ksa ,d [kkunku & ,d [kkunkuh uke & Montague ls tqMk+ gSA ;gh bl —fr dh =klnh dk vk/kkj gSA ¼O, be some other name! see Romeo and Juliet, 2-01-75 ½A

eqfDrcks/k dh thou&dFkk fy[krs gq, ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag us ^eqXèk&cksèk*] ^eqDr cks/k* ¼^nkl&cks/k dh rjg dk] ;k tckc es\a ½ uked fdlh vk/;kfRed xzFa k dk mYys[k fd;k gS tks buds iwot Z ksa esa ls fdlh us fy[kk FkkA ;g ek= la;ksx gksdj Hkh vk’p;Ztud gSA ;g uke eqfDrcks/k dk gS ij mUgksu a s ughaa pquk vkSj bldk tks vFkZ gS og Hkh mudk fn;k gqvk ughaa gSA ij gk¡] ge tc muds —frRo vkSj eq[; :i ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks i<+rs le; mudh NViVkgV] cspu S h] Ågkiksg] vleatl vkSj FkjFkjkgV dks ns[krs gSa rks muds uke ds xq.kRo dk cks/k gksrk gS] ;Fkk uke rFkk xq.kA nsfjnk dgrs gSa fd gj Js”B —frdkj dh ;g bPNk gh mls dkyt;h —fr dk fuekZrk cukrh gS fd ml —fr ij mldh Nki* gksA ,slk djus ds fy, og mlesa dYiuk’khyrk vkSj jsVfs jdy dk vuwBk laxe djkrk gSA eqfDrcks/kiu dks 168 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 168@^v¡

js[kkafdr djus dk vkxzg djrh gS dkO;iafDr;k¡A tc vki i<+rs gSa rks ,slk yxrk gS] dfo vkils lh/ks dqN dg jgk gS] le>k jgk gS] crk jgk gSA ru&eu ds inZs [kksydj j[k jgk gSA viuh grk’kk&fujk’kk dks Hkh lk>k dj jgk gSA cfr;k jgk gSA ¼th gk¡] vjs vjs] gk; gk;] okg ok vkfn½A vaèkajs s es*a dfork esa iw.kZ fojke ls dgha vf/kd foLe;cks/kd fpg~uksa dk iz;ksx gSAa dHkh&dHkh ,d ds LFkku ij nks nks Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa bUgsa Hkh i<+us ds fy, dfo dgrk gSA ,d lw{e iy ds ‘kr lk{kkRdkj ;g gS peRdkj ^v¡/ksjs es*a dkA ;g vuwBkiu gS fd ge mlds ^pqc a dh; vkd”kZ.k* esa ca/krs gh [kqyuk izkjaHk dj nsrs gSAa ;g gS dfo dk —frRo fd & izR;sd vFkZ dh Nk;k esa nwljk] vk’k; >ydrk jgk&lkA ¼nsfjnk dk lw= gh gS Hkk”kk ladfs rdksa ¼Signifiers½ dh vuar ØhM+k LFkyh gS½ vuqHko ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ^fofp= vuqHko* ^lqdksey I;kj Hkjk dksey* Hkh gS vkSj ^Hkkj dk xaHkhj vuqHko* HkhA ;g vuqHko vlaHko dk vuqHko gSA nsfjnk dh ^fo[kaMu* dh dqN de csdkj lh ifjHkk”kkvksa esa ls ,d gS & fo[kaMu vlaHko dk vuqHko gS ¼Deconstruction is the experience of the impossible A After words, Page 200½ ij bl vuqHko&vlaHko ds vuqHko esa ^fctyh ds >Vds* gh ugha]a ^fdj.khyh ‘kkafr ds ygjs*a Hkh gSAa ^’khr Hkjs FkjkZrs rkjkas ds vafèk;kjs ry es*a ] ^jksekapdkjh og tknqbZ djkerk*] ^fofp= izkl s l s u* vlaHko dk gh vuqHko gS & valHkokuqHkoA vfLFk :i] ;—r Lo:i] mnj vk—fr vk¡rksa ds tkyksa ls my>s gq,--buls vki Hk;Hkhr ughaa gksr]s eSnku ughaa NksM+ nsrAs ;s VqdfM+;k¡ vkidks lkFk lkFk ekpZ djkrh pyrh gSAa ;gh fo[kaMu dh re ‘kwU; esa Bgjrh txr~&leh{kk gSA

vykSfdd

¼Uncanny½

lkfgR; bgyksd dk gksrs gq, Hkh bgyksd dk ughaa gksrkA ^v¡/ksjs es*a lkfgR; gS] lkfgfR;d —fr gS blfy, ughaa cfYd blfy, fd vykSfdd gS] vr% lkfgR; gSA vaxt sz h ds bl ‘kCn ^vudSuh* ¼^vudguh* lk lquk tk jgk gS½ ds fganh esa dbZ vFkZ gSa & vykSfdd] vLokHkkfod] Mjkouk] Hk;kud] eugwl] jgL;e;] fofp=] foy{k.k] izkjfC/kd vkfnA v¡/ksjs es*a ds fy, ;s lc fo’ks”k.k iz;Dq r fd, tk ldrs gSAa ,d vthcksxjhc jgL;e;rk loZ= O;kIr gS vkSj tgk¡ ifjfpr O;fDr o oLrq Hkh ,d ckjhxh vifjfpr izrhr gksrs gSAa ifjp; vkSj vifjp; dk ,slk [kqyk [ksy izk;% ns[kus esa bl rjg igys u vk;k Fkk tSlk eqfDrcks/k us fn[kk;kA ifjfpr ds fy, vaxt sz h esa ‘kCn gS & Familiar ftls ysfVu Hkk”kk ds Familia ls cuk;k x;k gS vkSj ftls Family ;k ifjokj dgrs gSAa fganh esa dgrs gSa & ?kj dh ckr gSA ^fganh lkfgR; vkSj laons uk dk fodkl* esa tks ewy laons uk lkfgR; dh crkbZ xbZ 169 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 169@^v¡

gS & og ?kj&ifjokj dh ejtkn ;k e;kZnk gh gS ftldks fy[kdj rqylhnkl] ize s pan vkSj eSfFkyh’kj.k xqIr vkfn cM+s jpukdkj gq,A ^?kj*] ifjokj* vFkkZr ifjfpr lalkj] vkReh; vkSj tkuk igpkuk fiz; vkSj lq[knA fdarq tc dksbZ ckr ?kj dj tkrh gS rks ;gk¡ ?kj dk vFkZ ,d {k.k esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork tc gekjs eu esa iSB tkrh gS] ?kj dj tkrh gS rks u tkus fdl rjg dh fxzeusl ¼Grimness½ rkjh gks tkrh gSA ,l-Vh- dksyfjt ds ,af’k;sVa eSfjuj ds esgeku dh rjg fp= fyf[kr lk] Hk;Hkhr lk] ea=eqX/k lk [kM+k jg tkrk gSA ^n jsou* tSlh vesfjdh dfork ds ‘kkar dksykgy ^uSoj eksj uSoj eksj* dh Le`fr gks vkrh gS gj vkgV ij ne fudyrk gS] gj fp= ,d lkFk gh tkuk igpkuk Hkh yxrk gS vkSj vutku Hkh & nstk ow ¼Deja Vu½A Lej.k vkrk gS] chloha ‘krkCnh ds izkjaHk esa :lh :Ikokfn;ksa us] fo’ks”k :i ls foDVj ‘k[kyksoLdh us] lkfgR; foe’kZ ds {ks= es ,a d in fn;k Fkk & fMQsfefy;jkbZt’s ku ¼Defamiliarization ;k estranenie½A ;g ifjfpr dks vifjfpr] LokHkkfod dks vLokHkkfod rFkk lkekU; dks vlkekU; cukus dh lkfgfR;d —fr dh ;FkkFkZ dks pqukSrh gSA f=’kadq ds fy, tSls fo’okfe= us ,d u, LoxZ dk fuekZ.k fd;k Fkk ^vykSfdd* ftls dfox.k ^vuqHko vfn~orh;* dgrs gSa vkSj tks ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk izHkko gS mls c;ku djus ds fy, tc ‘kCn ughaa feyrs rks dguk gh gksxk fd ;g cgqr foy{k.k ckr gSA Ýk;M us blh ‘kh”kZd ds vius ,d vkys[k esa lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa ds fo’ys”k.k ds fy, bl vykSfdd izHkko dks dsna z esa j[kus dh vuq’ka’kk dh gSA nsfjnk dgk djrs gSa & Let us not forget FreudA nsfjnk us fl[kk;k fd VSDLVsa vius jpukdkjksa ls lnk vkxs fudy tkrh gSa vkSj og lc dg nsrh gSa ftudh jpukdkj us dHkh dYiuk Hkh u dh FkhA dHkh&dHkh vpsru esa HkhA ;s ckr nwljh gS fd nsfjnk Ýk;M ughaa gSa vkSj fo[kaMu euksfo’ys’k.k ughaa fdarq fo[kaMu ds ckn ^v¡/ksjs es*a tSls ikBksa dh jgL;e;h vykSfddrk dh vksj vkxs dh ih<+h tk,xh vo’;A ^dqN vkSj xn~; jpuk,¡* ¼1992½ esa ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag us bl i{k dh vksj /;kukd”kZ.k djrs gq, dgk gS & ,d pV~Vkuh dM+kiu] ,d [kqjhZ uXurk] fgalz pk¡nuh] vi’kdquksa ls Hkjk ekuo yksd] jkr dk ;k fnu dk] ftanxh tks fonziw vkSj Øwj O;aX; gSA iqjkuh ih<+h ds Jhdkar oekZ ^czge ~ jk{kl dk f’k”;* gksuk pkgrs gSa vkSj ubZ ih<+h ds jpukdkj ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks ^vdFk dk vk’p;Zyksd* dgrs gq, lfork flag dh rjg dgrs gSa & ;FkkFkZ dh fn[krh dYiuk] ;FkkFkZ gh gS vkSj dYiuk dh ;FkkFkZ & ¼u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 51½A iz[;kr ukVddkj cz[s r ¼Berfold Brecht½ dk ekuuk gS fd ;FkkFkZ* gesa vuk;kl gh izkIr ughaa gks tkrkA ;g dksbZ vfMx vkSj fuf’pr oLrq ughaa vfirq bldk fuekZ.k ge Lo;a vius vuqHko ls] Hkk”kk ls] fopkjksa o fo’oklksa ls djrs gS]a vkSj buesa ifjorZu gksus ls gekjs ;FkkFkZ esa Hkh ifjorZu gksrk gSA bl rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a bl lalkj dks ns[kus dh gekjh n`f”V vkSj ;FkkFkZ dks gh ifjofrZr djds j[k nsus okyh ,slh QSVa l s h gS ftldk fuekZ.k isVa j ds cz’k ls gqvk gS & 170 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 170@^v¡

vthc!@ nksuksa vksj] uhyh xSlykbV&ik¡r@ py jgh] py jghA@ uhan esa [kks, gq, ‘kgj dh xgu vopsruk es@ a gypy ¼ikrkyh ry½ esa @ pednkj lk¡iksa dh mM+rh gqbZ yxkrkj@ ydhjksa dh okjnkr!! vykSfddrk vkSj fofp=rk dh djkekrh nqfu;k dk v¡/ksjas es*a fuekZ.k djrs le; eqfDrcks/k us u tkus fdrus vikfFkZo psgjksa dks gekjs vopsru esa ?kqekus dk cankscLr fd;kA lk¡oyk* jax rks mUgsa vius cz’q k esa yxkuk gh Fkk] ij vU; jax tSls Lo.kZ&o.kZ] dkyk] uhyk] [kkdh] eVeSyk] jfDre] dRFkbZ] ihyk] rkacbZ] yky] xs:vk] ‘;ke vkfn Hkh ;=r= lts gSAa jaxksa ls gh ughaa cfYd ?kVukvksa dks Hkh vthcksxjhc fLFkfr;ksa esa izLrqr dj ,d ,slk izHkko mRiUu djus dh ps”Vk dh xbZ gS fd ikBd vokd~* jg tk,A dqN :i tks bl vykSfddrk us /kkj.k fd, gSa os gSa & 1- nksIisyxkaxj ¼Doppelganger½ & nks ls bls le>sa & dfork ds eS*a dks nks O;fDr pfj=ksa esa foHkDr djds eqfDrcks/k us ,d vksj rks dkO; uk;d dk :i cuk;k gS & eSa vkSj nwljk mldk izfr:i gS & ogA bldk vkèkkj gS n vkbfM;k vkWQ n Mcy ;k DoppelgangerA ikBd bu nksuksa ds chp rks Hkze.k djrk gh gS] Hkze mls bldk Hkh gksrk gS fd ;fn ^eS*a eqfDrcksèk ds bl dkO; dk uk;d gS rks eqfDrcks/k dgk¡ gS!a og D;k leLr dfork esa O;kIr gS ;k cl Vhdk&fVIi.kh dj jgk gSA eS]a esjk] esjh] eq>s vkfn ls ge eqfDrcks/k dks le> dj bl dfork dks vkRela?k”kZ] vkReHkRlZuk] vkRefuokZlu] vfLerk vkfn dh dfork le>sa ;k dfo dh ,d ;qfDr ftlls og ,d jps gq, lalkj ls jfpr lalkj dk cks/k djk jgk gSA 2- nstk oww ¼Deja Vu½ & tc ge bl dfork esa izo’s k djrs gSa tks ^ftanxh* ls ‘kq: gksrh gS rks yxrk gS fd blds ik=] ?kVuk,¡] fLFkfr;k¡] laons uk,¡ vkfn lHkh dkYifud dgh tkus ij Hkh igys ls vuqHko dh xbZ gSAa fQYeksa vkfn esa yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa vkSj ljdkj ds dksi Hkktu ls fdukjk djus ds fy, dkYifud rFkk ;FkkFkZ ls vlacn~/k gksus dk mYys[k djus tSlh ifjikVh lkfgR; esa ughaa gksrhA vr% ^v¡/ksjs es*a tks O;fDr fo’ks”k] ?kVuk fo’ks”k gS]a os ge QSVa lh ekudj Hkh ;g c[kwch le> jgs gksrs gSa fd ‘kgj dk dq[;kr gR;kjk Mksekth mLrkn Hkwr&fi’kkp de nh[krk gS] gS ughaAa buls rks os dbZ ckj iqLrd dk vukoj.k djk pqds gSAa 3- HkforO;rk ¼Destinerrance½ & ts fgfyl feyj ¼2006 % 893½ us nsfjnk ds MsfLVujsl a ds fopkj dks ,d ,sls <hys /kkxs ls rqyuh; ekuk gS tks Åu ds iwjs xksys dks gh xarRo rd igq¡pk nsrk gSA ¼Destinerrance is like a loose thread in a tangled skin that turns out to lead to the whole ball of yarn½A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks i<+dj tc ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd bl dfork vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh vU; vusd dforkvksa esa gkbij fyad gS] mudk lai.w kZ dkO; lalkj ,d 171 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 171@^v¡

vcw> lafy”V gS vkSj os thou i;Zr a ^v¡/ksjs es*a fy[krs jgs] vU; vusd dfork,¡ Hkh blesa lfEefyr gks lkFk ns jgh gSa rks og xq.k vkSj y{k.k destinerrance ds dkj.k gSA 4- ekuohdj.kh;rk ¼Anthropomorphism½ &^cjxn&vkRek dk izrhd gS D;k\* vkSj vusd ^Nk;k&eq[k* vkfn o.kZu fooj.kksa ds iz;ksx ls eqfDrcks/k ;gk¡ dbZ ^oLrqvks*a dks O;fDr;ksa dk :i l:i nsrs gsAa ;gk¡ ikuh dh /kkjk Hkh [k[kkjrh gSA vufxur dkyh&dkyh gk;Qu&MS’kksa dh ydhjksa dh gypy ân; dks ncksprh gSA ;g ekuohdj.kh;rk gSA 5- ;a=oRrk ¼Antomatism½ &blds n~okjk dfo ekuo dks ;a=or fn[kkrk gSA ^v¡èksjs es*a ds lSfudksa ds iFkjk, psgjs vkSj ^eS*a FkkWjksyh Økl ,Xtkfeus’ku ’kh’k dk eksVk vfLFk dop gh fudky Mkyk* dqN mnkgj.k gSAa ge Hkh dfo ds lkFk dgrs gSa & ^;g lc D;k gS\* ;=or iqryksa ds leku psgjs fn[kkrs eqfDrcksèk Mj ij ?ku ekjrs gSAa 6- ‘kkafr vkSj lgtrk & bruh ruko Hkjh dfork esa fofp= ls dbZ izlxa gSAa tSls & pqc a u ?kVuk dk Lej.k] v/kHkwyh yksjh] dDdk dh ykBh] nknk dk lksVa k] cPps dh isia as vkSj eqUus dh LysV iV~Vh vkfnA irk ughaa tkus dgk¡] tkus dgk¡ og gS ¼Do I wake or sleep?½

fodsafnzdrk

¼Decentring½

^fo[kaMu* ^v¡/ksjs es*a gS vkSj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ^fo[kaMu* gSA ;g xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus okyh lwfDr gks ldrh gSA vki lksp jgs gksxa s fd eSa dj D;k jgk gwA¡ fo[kaMu ds uke ij ;k nsfjnk dh nqgkbZ nsdj vkidks mYyw rks ughaa cuk jgk gw¡\ nsfjnk ds ekxZn’kZd nk’kZfud xq# ekfVZu gsMxs j us Hkh fo[kaMu ds fy, dqN ekxZn’kZd fln~èkkar o izfØ;k nh FkhA [kksydj j[kuk] ikB dk fuekZ.k vkSj VsDLV dh VsDLVh;rk dks izLrqr djuk nsfjnk ds fo[kaMu esa Hkh gSA ¼to take apart, to produce a reading to open the textnality of a text, vkWQ xzkesVksyksth i`“B 42½A nsfjnk us :lks] IysVks vkSj eykeZs vkfn dh jpukvksa dk ikB djds fo[kaMu ds mnkgj.k izLrqr fd,A eSa eqfDrcks/k dh jpuk ^v¡/ksjs es*a i<+rk gw¡ vkSj lkspus ds fy, ck/; gksrk gw¡ fd ;gk¡ tks dqN gS og dYiuk gh gS] Hkksxk gqvk ;FkkFkZ rks gS ughaAa pkgs fdrus Hkh la=kl esa dfo jgk gks] og fof{kIr ;k ikxy ughaa FkkA ftl rjg tc fe’ksy Qwdks ikxyiu ij izkekf.kd iqLrd fy[krs gSa rks nsfjnk iwNrs gSa tSls fd os ikxyiu dk vFkZ tkurs FksA iwjs gks’kksgokl esa dksbZ nsdkrZ tSlk nk’kZfud gh foosd vkSj osnuk dh ,d lkFk izLrqfr dj ldrk gSA Qwdks Hkh lkB ds n’kd esa yxHkx rHkh fy[k jgs Fks tc eqfDrcks/kA pkgs eqfDrcks/k ds leh{kd fdruk gh dgsa ij QSVa l s h ds jpukdkj dks FkksMk+ cgqr flj&fQjk gksuk gh iM+xs kA D;ksa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,slh Dykfld —fr cu xbZ\ osnuk vkal*w esa Hkh gS vkSj izlkn th ds Nan dHkh ikBd 172 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 172@^v¡

daBLFk fd;k djrs FksA ^vlk/; oh.kk* esa Hkh îzy; dk Me: ukn* gSA ij ;g dfork vius tknw dks mrjus ughaa nsrhA ,l-Mh-dkWyfjt ds ^dqcyk [kku* ¼1797½ dh rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk dysoj Hkh ,d ^fryLe* gS] ,d ,slk LoIu gS tks fganh dkO;kyksd esa dsoy ,d ckj fn[kkbZ fn;kA vkSj êS*a dfork dk êS*a ftls nsfjnk ^fof{kIrrk dh ped* ¼Flashes of madness½ dgsxa ]s ml ped dh ned ls pdkpkS/a k gksdj eneLr gqvk fQjrk jgkA ôg* dh [kkst esAa & esjs vax vax esa vthc ,d Fkj FkjA tkWu dhV~l us Hkh ukbfVaxy s ij dfork fy[krs le; ,sls gh tkxzr LoIu dk mYys[k fd;k gSA dkWyfjt rks [kSj vQhe ds u’ks ds ckn fy[krs crk, x, gSa ij eqfDrcks/k us pk;&chM+h ds la;ksx ls ^tkus fdl Fkdh gqbZ >ksd a es*a ^[kM+s [kM+s Å¡?krs* vusd xqtj x, tekus ds psgjksa dks gh ughaa lkFk&lkFk lksus [kkus ihus okyksa dks Hkh ns[k&fn[kk fy;k gSA eqfDrcks/k dh ;g dfork ^lR; dggqa fy[kh dkxt dksj*s ugha]a cfYd ,d okpd ik= n~okjk dgkbZ xbZ —fr gSA ,d va/ksjh jkr esa vki chrh txchrhA ;g igys gh Li”V dj fn;k x;k gS fd jpukdky dqN Hkh gS] dfork dh VsDLV dk dky orZeku gSA ^vfLr* ¼Being½ orZeku gSA ik’pkR; rRo ehekalk gks ;k Hkkjrh; Hkk”kk ‘kkL=h; fparu ôkd~* dh izkFkfedrk vdkV~; crkbZ tkrh jgh gSA ôkxFkZ* dks f’ko ikoZrh dh rjg tqMs+ crkdj dkfynkl us j?kqo’a k ds igys gh ‘yksd esa ;g eku fy;k fd ladr s d ¼okx@okd~½ vkSj ladfs rr ¼vFkZ½ dfg;r fHkUu gSa ij gSa vfHkUuA D;ksa gS\a dSls gS\a cl iwfN, erA tSlk igys Hkh dgk x;k fd bl fo’okl dks nsfjnk ’kCndsfa nzdrk* ¼yksxkslfs VªTe½ dgrs gSa vkSj tks ,d rjg ls ^ys[ku* dks nwljs LFkku ij j[kus vkSj mls nks;e ntZs dk —R; crk nsus dh pky izrhr gksrh gSA Jqr esa ôsn* ôkd~* gS] ^Jqfr* gSA ys[ku ls os Hkz”V gks ldrs gSAa bUgsa daBkxz djks vkfn vkfnA cspkjs eqfDrcksèk ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk fe= eaMyh esa ikB djrs jgsA îkVZuj te ughaa jgk gks rks nwljh ckr djrs gS*a dgdj fVIif.k;k¡ pkgrs jgsA Hkyk gks lqcnq f~ /k dk fd ;g dfork gekjs ikl esa fyf[kr :i esa ekStnw gSA nsfjnk us ;gh pkgk Fkk] lq>k;k Fkk fd bl izdkj ^ys[ku* dk migkl djuk Bhd ughaAa ;g rF; fd cksys tkus okyk ladr s d ¼Signifier½ vkSj ekufld ladfs rr ¼Signified½ 'kCn dks ck¡Vrs gSa vkSj tSlk lajpukoknh lL;wj us LFkkiuk nh Fkh fd Hkk"kk fHkUurkvksa dh ,d O;ofLFkr iz.kkyh gS vkSj Lora= :i ls ,d= gq, vFkZ;Dq r ;wfuVksa ¼bZdkb;ks½a dk laxgz ugha]a vr% ;g igys ls gh r; gS fd Hkk"kk dh cukoV vkSj cqukoV dk vk/kkj fHkUurk] Hksn vkSj nwjh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa vFkZ dh lRrk gh fHkUurk ij fuHkZj gSA lai`Dr gks ladr s d vkSj ladfs rr ;g laHko gh ughaAa tgk¡ vFkZ gS ogk¡ fHkUurk gSA Ýsp a 'kCn differ ds nks vFkZ gksrs gSa & To differ ¼O;frjsd½ vkSj To defer ¼O;frØe½A nsfjnk us ,d u, 'kCn dk fuekZ.k fd;k & differance ¼eSa bl 'kCn ds orZuh@fgTts Hkh fy[k jgk gw¡ D;ksfa d blesa /;ku j[kuk vko';d gS fd ;gk¡ fgTts cny fn, x, fdarq mPpkj.k ;Fkkor~ jgsxk & ;Fkkor~ 173 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 173@^v¡

¼Mh vkbZ ,Q ,Q bZ vkj , ,u lh bZ½ 'e' ughaa 'a'A ;g fMQjkal ugha]a ogh fMQjSl a gS vkSj ;g nsfjnk dk viuk rjhdk gS fyf[kr dks vkxs j[kus dkA blh dh cnkSyr ge ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk mldh jpuk dh vk/kh 'krkCnh ds i'pkr Hkh ikjk;.k dj ikrs gS]a eqfDrcks/k dh mifLFkfr dh dksbZ vko';drk ughaAa izlxa r% dg nsa fd nsfjnk ds vius izkjafHkd ys[ku esa ik'pkR; rRo ehekalk esa blh ^fMQjsl a * ¼'a' okyk½ ds izHkko dks bafxr djus ds fy, ys[ku foKku ¼xzkesVksyksth½ dk fln~/kkar izLrqr fd;k FkkA nsfjnk us gesa —fr ds ikB djus gsrq ,d ubZ rjdhc nhA i<+us ds fy, dqN ubZ ;qfDr;k¡ lksnkgj.k izLrqr dhaA tSls mUgksu a s :lks dk ikB djds fn[kk;kA mUgksu a s crk;k fd dSls :lks ,d vksj rks ys[ku dks nks;e djkj nsrs gSa vkSj dSls mlh dks <ky cukrs gSAa (If I were present, One would never know what I was worth)A dguk u gksxk fd mifLFkfr ughaa vuqifLFkfr lR; dks izLrqr djus ds fy, pkfg,A dkyt;h jpuk nsus ds fy, eqfDrcks/k dh mifLFkfr ughaa vuqifLFkfr vHkh"V gSA ,d mnkgj.k nsuk gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork esa osnuk] uSjk';] ladYi] la?k"kZ vkSj fonzkgs vkfn ds vusd Loj gS]a vFkZ Nfo;k¡ gSAa blh chp esa iafDr;k¡ Hkh gSa tgk¡ ^fonzkgs dk vuqHko vkSj iz.k; dk {k.k* ,dkdkj gks mBrk gS & ?kwerk gS eu mu Hkkoksa ds ?kkoksa ds vkl&ikl@ vkRek esa pedhyh I;kl Hkj xbZ gSA @ tx Hkj nh[krh gS lqugyh rLohjsa eq>dks@ ekuks fd dy jkr fdlh vuisf{kr {k.k esa gh lglk@ ize s dj fy;k gks euksgj eq[k ls@ thou Hkj ds fy,!! @ ekuks fd ml {k.k@ vfr'k; e`nq fdUgha ck¡gkas us vkdj@ dl fy;k Fkk eq>dks@ ml LoIu Li'kZ dh] pac q u&?kVuk dh ;kn vk jgh gS]@ ;kn vk jgh gS!! @ vKkr iz.kf;uh dkSu Fkh] dkSu Fkh\---@ D;k dksbZ izfs edk lpeqp feysxh\ iz'u ;g gS fd ;fn ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* vkSj vfLerk* vkSj vkbMsfa VVh* dh [kkst gh bldk y{; gS rks v¡/ksjs es*a dh ;s iafDr;k¡ fdl vksj ladr s djrh gS\a fuLlangs bl dfork dk ewy dF; gS vfLerk dh [kkst* ¼ukeoj flag½ esa ls ^fu%langs * 'kCn gVkus dk eu djrk gSA vHkh rd ^v¡èksjs es*a dh L=hoknh ¼QsfefuLV½ leh{kk ns[kus esa ughaa vkbZ\ ôg O;fDr* tks izkjaHk ls var rd yqdk&fNih dk [ksy [ksy jgk gS vkSj êsjh xq#*] ,d gh gS\a D;k ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks eqfDrcks/k ls 'kCn ysdj Ô;fDrRokarj* dh dfork dgk tk ldrk gS\ izR;sd vFkZ dh Nk;k es]a nwljk] vk'k; >ydrk jgk&lkA fQj dksbZ ikB fuLlangs * dSls gksxk\ ,d ckr vkSj Hkh gSA nsfjnk ftl ys[ku* dks vkxs c<+kus dh ckr djrs gS]a mls eqfDrcks/k Hkh vusd ckj gkf'k, ls mBkdj dsna z esa ykus dk miØe djrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k ds fy,] tSlk jkeLo:i prqonsZ h us dgk] lkekftd&jktuSfrd lanHkkZas ds mBus dk dsna z ys[ku gS--A blfy, mudh cspu S h ys[ku&deZ esa ls vkSj mlds 174 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 174@^v¡

fy, mitrh gSA ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd eqfDrcks/k ys[ku esa gh iz;Dq r gksus okys ¼vkSj okd~ esa dsoy vfHkO;Dr gksus okys½ fofo/k fojke fpg~uksa ds :id n~okjk fdl rjg ,d vksj rks ys[ku&deZ dh vfuok;Zrk dks vkSj nwljh rjQ mlls mits vfHk'kkfir thou dks ¼:lks ftls ?kkrd vuqijw d The Dangerous Supplement dgrs gS½a vfHkO;fDr djrs gSa & fdlh dkys MS'k dh ?kuh dkyh iV~Vh gh@ vk¡[kksa esa c¡/k xbZ@ fdlh [kM+h ikbZ dh lwyh ij eSa Vk¡x fn;k x;k]@ fdlh 'kwU; fcanq ds vaf/k;kjs [kM~Ms es@ a fxjk fn;k x;k eS@ a vpsru fLFkfr es!a ijarq iz[;kr ekDlZoknh vkykspd MkW- jkefoykl 'kekZ eqfDrcks/k dks lkfgR; vkSj jktuhfr dh ijaijk ds izfr vR;ar tkx:d jgus okys dfo ekurs gSAa tks vkykspd ftl n`f"V dk p'ek igurk gS mls ogh fQV cSBrk izrhr gksrk gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks i<+dj vusd ikBdksa vkSj vkykspdksa us ;Fkk'kfDr viuk i{k j[kk gSA cM+s yksxksa ds dFku dkykarj esa lwfDr&rqY; cu tkrs gSAa Jhdkar oekZ dgrs gSa & ;g dfork dfork u gksdj /oal Hkh gSA baVjusV ij jketh jk; dk fon~oRRkkiw.kZ ys[k ns[ksa & os lekiu djrs gSa & ^v¡èksj*s ds ml egkdfo ls gesa vkt Hkh cgqr dqN lh[kuk ckdh gS] vfLerk dh [kkst ugha*a A fon~oku fo'ys"kdksa tSls uan fd'kksj uoy] fo".kqpna 'kekZ] 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag] jkts'k tks'kh] v'kksd oktis;h vkfn us vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd gfj'kadj ijlkbZ vkfn vusd ys[kdksa us ^v¡èksjs es*a dks eqfDrcks/k dh rRdkyhu eu%fLFkfr ls tksMd + j ns[kk gSA dfork dk jpukdky usfepanz tSu ds vuqlkj 1957 ls 1962 ds chp gSA D;k eqfDrcks/k us viuh iqLrd ^Hkkjr% bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* dks ljdkj n~okjk izfrcaf/kr fd, tkus ls vR;ar O;fFkr gksdj bl vU;ksfDr] vyhxjh] ;k esVkQj dh l`f"V dh\ ;gk¡ ge bl pØ esa u iM+rs gq, :lks dh vkRedFkk ls gh nsfjnk n~okjk fy;k x;k Ng 'kCnksa dk ,d vR;ar fooknkLin~ okD; nsrs gSa & il n'y a pas de hors testeA thou ds vusd izlxa ksa vkSj lanHkkZas dk viuk egRo gS ij gekjs ikl tks gS og ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk VSDLV gSA ;g VsDLV gesa crkrk gS fd gekjk ^;FkkFkZ* ls lac/a k Hkh igys ls gh ,d VsDLV ds :i esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA eqfDrcks/k dk la?k"kZ'khy thou ¼ftldk fooj.k vusd izR;{kn'khZ fe=ksa us miyC/k djk;k gS½ dsoy ,d ikB gh ughaa gS cfYd ;g ,d ,slk thoar VsDLV gS tks thou dh ikBkRedrk ¼Textuality½ ds fo"k; esa Hkh crkrk gSA eqfDrcks/k dk thou muds ys[ku ds n~okjk VSDLV ughaa cukrk] ;g rks igys ls gh ,d VsDLV gSA bl lalkj esa ,slk dqN ughaa tks ^VsDLV* u dgk tk ldsA ,slk u gksrk rks ge eqfDrcks/k dh bl —fr esa dsoy rRdkyhurk dks gh i<+ ikrsA u dksbZ blesa ^vkikrdky* ns[k ikrk vkSj u ^9@11* ;k ^26@11*A jketh jk; us dgk fd ^ftl QSVa l s h esa os fopj.k dj jgs Fks] ogh uDlyoknh ds fonzkgs ds :i esa okLro gqbAZ * eS&a fopj.k djrk lk gw¡ ,d QSVa lh esa ;g fuf'pr gS fd QSVa lh dy okLrfod gksxhA 175 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 175@^v¡

jketh jk; dk mi;qDZ r mn~/k`r dFku ^fo[kaMu* ikB dk vPNk mnkgj.k gSA eqfDrcks/k dk ^badkj dk dfo* gksuk vkSj ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ^bfrgkl cuus ls badkj djuk* nks vyx vyx ckrsa gSAa nsfjnk us ,d dsfa nzdrk ds fopkj dks ?kkrd crk;k vkSj ,d fLFkj dsna ]z ,d dsna hz ; fopkj vFkZ ls nwj jgus dh lykg nhA ;g 'decentring' dk fopkj ^mRrj lajpukokn* vkSj ^fo[kaMu* ds fy, Hkh [kklk t:jh gSA lcdk fodsna hz dj.k djks & laLFkkvksa dk] 'kCn dk] 'kklu dk] jktuhfr dk] èkeZ dk] lekt dkA ;gh ughaa gesa ,d fLFkj dsna z ds fy, rM+iuk Hkh ughaa pkfg,A ¼'Why would one mourn for the centre? Is not the centre, the absense of play and difference, another name for death? A Ellipsis, Page 297½A

;fn dksbZ vkykspd fdlh dfork esa vius foosdkuqlkj dksbZ dsna z vkjksfir djrk gS rks og ml VsDLV ds ikBd dks dfo ls nwj vkSj vius ikl ykus dk Ny djrk gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds dbZ ikB gks ldrs gSAa gks ldrs gSa D;k] gS\a D;ks ugha\a tc fdlh ikB ds dsna hz ; Hkko ¼Central Idea½ dk fopkj gh cpdkuk gS rks ,slh ps"Vk djuk O;FkZ gSA ¼bl dfork ds vusd ikBdksa us vkykspd dh dye Fkkedj bldh O;k[;k djus ds cgkus vius vius ikB rS;kj djrs le; ,sls gh ,d dsna z dh vksj ladr s nsus ds fy, fpRrkkd"kZd vkSj yqHkkous inksa dh l`f"V dh & fuEue/; oxZ dk vkRela?k"kZ] ijekfHkO;fDr dh [kkst] v¡/ksjs esa mtkys dh ;k=k] lkekftd vfLerk dh ryk'k] jgL;okn&ekDlZokn ds izHkko eas fy[kh xbZ ,d v/kZfof{kIr O;fDr dh vkReHkRlZuk] lkèkkj.k tu esa foy; dh pkg] vkfn vkfn½A D;ksa ughaa ge Lo;a viuk ikB rS;kj dj viuk ,d Lora= dsna z ns\a ijh{kk esa vad izkIr djus ds fy, mRrjiqfLrdkvksa esa mn~/kj.kksa dh yM+h yxkuk ,d ckr gS] fdlh jpuk dk vfody Lora= ikB djuk nwljh ckrA oLrqr% vkykspd oxZ deZdkaMh czkg~e.kksa dh rjg gksrk gS vkSj og ukedj.k ls ysdj vafre laLdkj rd ds miØe cM+h lgtrk ls djkrk pyk tkrk gSA gesa dHkh&dHkh vius ^dY;k.k* ¼mRRkj Hkkjrh; dY;k.k vkSj nf{k.k Hkkjrh; dY;k.k vyx vyx gS½a dh fpark Lo;a Hkh djuh pkfg,A eqfDrcks/k blh ,d dsfa nzdrk ds x<+ dks rksMu + s dks dgrk gS & vc vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs@ mBkus gh gksxa @ s rksMu + s gh gksxas eB vkSj x<+ lcA@ igq¡puk gksxk nqxe Z igkM+kas ds ml ikj---@ rHkh ^dY;k.k* gksxkA ,d dsfa nzdrk ds fopkj dk ,d vuqie mnkgj.k nsdj bldh vè;kidh; fo'ofon~;ky;h & xos"k.kkjr Nk=oxhZ;A lhek dk mYys[k d:¡ rks ckr le> esa vk tkuh pkfg,A ofj"B vkykspd] dfo ,oa xn~;ys[kd fo'oukFk f=ikBh ds vys[k ^th* eSa e:¡ rks dqN ugha]a ej tk,¡] ;s laons uk,¡] fdarq uk esa ;g vkReh; laLej.k vk;k gSA os gekjs fy, v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk egRo D;k gS] ;g crkus ds fy, ,d v/;kidh; ?kVuk dk mYys[k djrs gSa & ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk tks ikB ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* esa Nik gS mlesa iz'u Fks xaHkhj 'kk;n [krjukd Hkh ds igys 176 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 176@^v¡

vkus okyk can ^fdarq og QVs gq, oL= D;ksa igus gS\* ughaa gS Dykl esa ;g iafDr rks vkrh Fkh fd iz'u xaHkhj 'kk;n [krjukd Hkh Fks] fdarq iz'u ughaa FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa v/;kid dh D;k nqxfZ r gksrh gksxh & vki dYiuk djsAa cgqr fnuksa ds ckn tc usfe th dk laikfnr laLdj.k vk;k rc iz'uksa dk irk pykA Lo;a vkykspd dk ekuuk gS fd iz'uksa dk u gksuk izrhdkRed gSA ;g irk ughaa pyrk fd ;s iz'u dYiuk* ds vad esa Hkh Fks ;k ugha\a ;g Hkh irk pyuk dfBu gS fd bu iz'uksa ds vfrfjDr Hkh dqN vkSj iz'u NwV rks ughaa x,\ D;k bu iz'uksa ds gksu@ s u gksus nksuksa voLFkkvksa esa ,d dsfa nzdrk dk ekjk ^nqxfZ r* dk f'kdkj gksxk gh\ vxj vc ipkl o"kZ ckn muds iq= jes'k eqfDrcks/k dks eqfDrcksèk ds cps&[kqps dkxtkrksa esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh Qkbuy dh gqbZ izfr fey tk,] rks\ blhfy, nsfjnk us le>cw> dj ;g dgk Fkk fd gj —fr&izR;sd VsDLV nksuksa vksj ls [kqyh gksrh gSA VsDLV dh dksbZ fLFkj igpku ugha]a u fLFkj vkjaHk] u fLFkj varA VSDLV dk izR;sd ikB vxys ds fy, Hkwfedk gSA ¼^n VSDLV gSt uks LVscy vkbMsfa VVh] uks LVscy vksfjtu] uks LVscy ,SM a bZp ,DV vkWQ jhfMax n VSDLV bt , izhQsl Vw n VSDLVA* vkWQ xzkesVksyksth] P XII½A ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd tc eqfDrcks/k thou Hkj ,d gh dfork fy[krs jgs rks os iz'u eqfDrcks/k eeZK dks eqfDrcks/k ds ;gk¡ vU;= fey tkrsA fey ldrs FksA vkSj fQj v/kwjh dforkvksa dk dfo dqN u dqN vèkwjk NksMxs+ k ghA ijh{kk esa ;g iz'u Hkh fn;k tk ldrk Fkk & os xaHkhj iz'u dkSu ls gks ldrs gSa ftudh vksj ;gk¡ ladr s gSA [kSj] ckr dk yCcksyv q kc ;g gS fd ,d fLFkj dsna z ds LFkku ij fodsfa nzdrk ¼Decentring½ dh n`f"V ls ^v¡èksjs es*a dks ns[kk tk,A elhgk & os dg jgs gSa &@ nqfu;k dk dpjs dk <sj fd ftl ij@ nkuksa dks pqxus p<+k gqvk dksbZ Hkh dqDdqV@ dksbZ Hkh eqxkZ@ ;fn ckax ns mBs tksjnkj@ cu tk, elhgkA nsfjnk ds ;gk¡ Hkh ;g ^elhgk* in vk;k gSA iz[;kr vuqoknosRrk vkSj fpard okYVj cst a kfeu ds ys[ku o ;gwnh ijaijk esa ;g in messianic gS vkSj elhghokn ¼messianism½ ls bls vyx djus ns[kk x;k gSA elhghokn dks mu /kekZas ls eq[;r% tksMk+ x;k gS tks fdlh elhgk dh nsu gS & bLyke] bZlkbZ] ;gwnhA bu /kekZas esa ,d veqd elhgk gksrk gS ftldh dqN Kkr fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSa vkSj tks ,d fufnZ"V le; vkSj LFkku ij izdV gksrk gSA ogha elhgk gksrk gS ftlesa os lc xq.k gksa tks bu /kekZas ds xzFa kksa o ijaijkvksa esa of.kZr gSAa okYVj cst a kfeu us vius ,d fuca/k fFkflt+ vkWu n fQykslQh vkWQ fgLVªh ¼1920½ esa detksj elhgh 'kfDr ¼Weak messianic power½ dh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd geesa ls izR;sd fdlh u fdlh :i ls mu elhgkvksa ls tqMk+ gS tks gels iwoZ vk, vkSj mUgksu a s gekjs fy, d"V lgsA ;g gekjk mRrjnkf;Ro gS fd ge mUgsa Lej.k djsa vkSj ml vU;k; dks nwj djsa tks muds lkFk gqvk ftUgksu a s gekjs fy, cgqr dqN lgkA vkt dk 177 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 177@^v¡

gekjk tks orZeku gS og vrhr esa gekjs fy, ns[kk x;k Lof.kZe Hkfo"; FkkA nsfjnk us dkyZekDlZ ds :i esa ,d u;k elhgk ns[kk vkSj dgk] ge fo'okl djrs gSa fd ;g elhgh ,d vfeV fpg~u ;k fu'kkuh gS] ,d ,slk fpg~u ftls u rks dksbZ feVk ldrk gS vkSj u fdlh dks feVkuk pkfg, & ekDlZ dh fojklr] vkSj fu%langs tks gesa feyk gS] lkekU; :i ls fojklr dk vuqHkoA vU;Fkk bl ?kVuk dh ?kVukRedrk ?kV tk,xhA ¼LisDVlZ vkWQ ekDlZ] i`- 28½A dgrs gSa fd geus ekDlZ esa tks ik;k gS og ifjorZu dh dksbZ ;kstuk ughaa cfYd ifjorZu dk ladYi ;k oknk gSA nsfjnk dk lai.w kZ —frRo elhgh gSA og gesa psru djrk gS vkSj ;gk¡ nsfjnk ds :i esa ,slk elhgk gS tks u dksbZ okn pykuk pkgrk gS vkSj u /keZA jkefoykl 'kekZ mijksDr iafDr;ksa dks vius <ax ls /khj xaHkhj gksdj ns[krs gSAa jkefoykl 'kekZ xq#rkiw.kZ 'kCn gh dg jgs gS]a eqfDrcks/k ughaAa dFkk dk êS*a mfn~oXu gks tkrk gSA ^xqtj x, tekus ds psgjs* dks jkefoykl 'kekZ îjaijk dk cks/k* dgdj iz'u djrs gSa & ubZ dfork bl ijaijk dks vkxs c<+k jgh gS ;k mlds ihNs tk jgh gS\ vkSj Lo;a gh mRrj Hkh nsrs gSa & ubZ dfork lkfgR; vkSj jktuhfr dh ijaijk dks vkxs ughaa c<+k jgh] mlds ihNs tk jgh gSAa 'kekZ th ;gk¡ dfo eqfDrcks/k ls ubZ dfork dh cqfu;knh detksjh dk mYys[k gh ughaa djokrs] cfYd vkSj Hkh cgqr dqN dgrs gSAa vkt ds ;qx ds ewyHkwr thou&rF;ksa ls rdZ&laxr rFkk vuqHko fln~/k fu"d"kkZas vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh vksj u tk ldus ds dkj.k] vkt dk dfo orZeku ekuo&leL;kvksa ds izfr Hkh mnklhu gSA ¼ubZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] i`- 35½A jkefoykl 'kekZ th ;g le>rs gSa fd ;gh ckr mUgksu a s nwljs <ax ls xka/kh th ls dgyokbZ gSA ;g eqfDrcks/k dh Lo;a dh vkRekykspuk Hkh gSa ¼ubZ dfork vkSj vfLrRookn] i`- 78½A iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd eqfDrcks/k dks ubZ dfork ij nwljs <ax ls dqN dgyokus dks xka/kh th gh Bhd yxs\ ûbZ dfork* ds fy, euq ls dgyokrs\ rkyLrk; ;k fryd ls\ fdrus mnwnZ k¡* yxrs gSa dfo & fdar]q eSa ns[kk fd;k ml eq[k dksA iaxq xak/kh dh yydkj gS ;s] psrkouh vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh gS fd gs ekuo! lkoèkku! cgqr laHko gS dksbZ jaxk fl;kj elhgk cu cSBAs rqe mls igpku u ikvksx\s rqe mldh ckrksa esa Q¡l tkvksxAs dgha yPNsnkj oDrRo ij ckx ckx u gks tkukA vkSj gk¡ og elhgk tks vkus okyk gS og turk ls vk,xk & feV~Vh ds yksnas esa fdj.khys d.k&d.k@ xq.k gS@ a turk ds xq.kksa ls gh laHko@ Hkkoh dk mn~Hko----A ekWfjl Cysp a ks ¼Maurice Blanchot½ dh ,d dgkuh esa elhgk fpFkM+s igus QVsgky :i es]a viuh elhgh Nfo dks fNik, 'kgj ds ckgjh njokts dks vk [kV[kVkrs gSAa os izo's k Hkh ik ysrs gSa vkSj ;=r= ?kwers&fQjrs gSa ij dksbZ mUgsa igpku Hkh ughaa ikrkA vkf[kj esa ,d cw<k+ fHk[kkjh mUgsa igpku gh ysrk gSA ij og Hkh mUgsa ns[kdj vokd~ jg tkrk gS] dqN dg ughaa ikrk] dqN iwN ughaa ikrk] cl ;gh mlls dgrs cu iM+rk gS] vki dc vkvksx\s ;fn elhgk vk Hkh tk, 178 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 178@^v¡

fQj Hkh mldh ckV tksguk gekjh fu;fr gSA bl rjg rks eqfDrcks/k tgk¡ ,d vksj mu Hkkoh rFkkdfFkr elhgh ycknk vks<s dqDdqV&eqxkZas ls lko/kku dj jgs gSa ogha nwljh vksj ;g Hkh dg jgs gSa fd Hkkoh esa og elhgk fQj vk,xk tks bl v¡/ksjs es*a muds lkFk ik;k&[kks;k&ik;k ¼hide and seek½ vk¡[k fepkSyh dk [ksy [ksydj fdlh tu;wFk esa fQj [kks x;kA eqfDrcks/k Hkh Cysp a ks dh ml dgkuh ds fHk[kkjh dh rjg gh vU;euLd gSa fdarq vlko/kku ughaAa pw¡fd mUgksu a s mls ,d ckj fryLeh [kksg esa ns[k fy;k gS vkSj mldk QVsgky :i os ns[k pqds gSAa blfy, os gj xyh es]a gj lM+d ij vkSj gj psgjs esa >k¡d&>k¡d dj ns[kus ds fy, iqu% izLrqr gSAa ukeoj flag ds fy, tSls ^v¡/ksjs es*a ijevfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* gks ldrh gS] fdlh vU; ikBd ds fy, ,sls elhgk dh [kkst gks ldrh gS tks /keZ fo'ks"k ls u vk,] mldk dksbZ veqd uke Hkh u gks ¼tSls bZlk elhg ;k xksMksV½A og nsfjnk ds 'kCnksa esa ,slk vkxard q ¼arrivant½ gS tks vuke Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj uke HkhA eqfDrcks/k dh bu iafDr;ksa ds ckn Hkh vkSj igys Hkh dbZ ,sls dqDdqV eqxsZ vk,A ¼fgVyj] ln~nke gqlu S ] xn~nkQh] vkslkek fcu yknsu--A vkfn vki fdlh Hkh uke ls vlger gks ldrs gSa vkSj dksbZ Hkh uke tksM+ ldrs gSAa ½ ftUgksu a s ;k rks bl nqfu;k dks dpjs dk <sj le>k ;k cukuk pkgk ij ,slk gqvk ughaA elhgk og gksrk gS tks elhgh dk;Z djsAa Lo;a xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k ubZ dfork ds elhgk gSa fdarq vkyadkfjd vFkZ esa D;ksfa d ,d rks tgk¡ ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk var gksrk gS] ogk¡ dfo dh ryk'k 'kq: gks tkrh gS ¼jkeLo:i prqonsZ h½ vkSj nwljs eqfDrcks/k [kqn vius ls v/kwjh dforkvksa dk dfo ekurs jgsA eqfDrcks/k dh igyh jpuk ,d dgkuh gS ftlesa os ,d elhgkbZ vankt esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa ^taD’ku* ¼1940½ dk ^eS*a oLrqr% u, ;qx dk elhgk gS tks ;g lan’s k nsrk gS & dHkh bPNke; n`f”V ls nqfu;k dks er ns[kukA ekewyh ls ekewyh bPNk Hkh iwjh ughaa dj ldrs vkSj pkgs tks djks] ekSdk iM+us ij >wB cksy ldrs gks] ysfdu ;g er Hkwyuk fd rqEgkjs xjhc ek¡ cki FksA rqEgkjh tUeHkwfe t+ehu vkSj Qwy vkSj iRFkj ls cuh ;g Hkkjr dh /kjrh gh ughaa gSA og gS & ^xjhch*A ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd eqfDrcks/k ekDlZ ds ;ksxnku dks ekurs Fks ij bl dfork esa xka/kh&fryd&rkWyRLrkW; gS]a ekDlZ ughaAa mudh Mk;jh esa vk;k gS & gesa vius oxZ dk ifjR;kx ughaa djuk pkfg, fdarq ^v¡/ksjs es*a i<+us ls ;g yxrk gS fd tgk¡ rd dE;qfuLV ‘kCnkoyh dk iz’u gS] ;k nyxr izpkj dh ckr gS og ;gk¡ ughaa gSA nsfjnk Hkh ekDlZ dks ekurs Fks] ekDlZoknh u FksA eqfDrcks/k Hkh ^tu* dks ekurs gS]a tuokn dks ughaAa ‘kk;n izfrcn~/k ekDlZoknh vkykspd ¼tSls jkefoykl ‘kekZ½ muds izfr blh dkj.k dBksj jgsA os Lo;a Hkh fuEu eè;oxZ ds vkSlr cqnf~ /kthoh dh rjg jDrikbZ oxZ ds lkFk ughaa jguk pkgrs fdarq ^tu* ds lkFk Hkh rknkRE; LFkkfir djrs le; [kqn dks vdsyk ikrs gSa & ^ftruk eSa yksxksa 179 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 179@^v¡

dh ikarksa dks ikj dj c<+rk gw¡ vkxsA mruk gh ihNs jgrk gw¡ vdsykA* fofp= foMacuk gS] eqfDrcks/k dks lexz :i ls i<+us okys lksnkgj.k crkrs gSa fd budh dforkvksa esa ,d fofp= jgL; iq#”k vusd ckj izdV gksrk gS ;k viuh Nfo fn[kkdj yqIr gks tkrk gS dHkh dfo dk eS*a igpku tkrk gS ij cgqèkk ughaAa ;g elhgk rks ugha\a vkSj ;fn gS rks eqfDrcks/k dk vkn’kZ gS ;k mudh vkRek dk izfr:i\ ;k bUgsa nkuksa ds pqxus ds fufeRr ycknk vks<s+ Nn~e elhgk ds vkxeu dk Hk; gS\ lkspus nhft,A

/oal ;k fuekZ.k\ Jhdkar oekZ us ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds fo”k; esa dgk gS fd dfork dfork u gksdj /oal ¼Destruction½ Hkh gSA jkeLo:i prqonsZ h ds vuqlkj v¡/ksjs es*a dk /oal ,fy;V ds osLV ySM a * ds ekgkSy dh dHkh&dHkh ;kn fnykrk gS fdarq ;gk¡ ds /oal esa ns’kh&fons’kh ‘kks”k.k gS] ogk¡ /oal ;qn/~ k dk FkkA ns’kh fons’kh ‘kks”k.k ds /oal ls ;g dfork] cdkSy jkts’k tks’kh] mRrj vkSifuosf’kd foe’kZ dk egkdkO; gSA esjs fopkj esa ;g dfork /oal ¼Destruction½ dh ughaa fo[kaMu ¼Deconstruction½ dh dfork gSA blesa u”V&Hkz”V gksrk gS ij lkFk gh fuekZ.k Hkh gksrk gSA 1922 esa fy[kh xbZ ^osLV ySM a * esa ik’pkR; dfo iwokZfHkeq[k gksdj ‘kkafr ikB djrk gSA 1964 esa Hkkjrh; dfo ^v¡/ksjs es*a l`tujr gksrk gSA lr~&fpr~&osnuk dh vksj tkrk dfo Hkh vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkdj ^v#.k dey* vkn’kZ dh vksj mUeq[k gksrk gSA ¼lu~ 2014 esa tc bl dfork us 50 o”kZ dh mez ikbZ vkSj bl izdkj rhljsiu dh vksj izLFkku dj xbZ] yxHkx mlh le; Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa ,d ckj fQj ^dey* dk mn; gqvkA v#.k* oke i{k gS vkSj ^dey* nf{k.kA buds leUo; ls curk gS v#.k deyA D;k ^v#.k dey* in dk ;g ,d uo&ikB ugha\a bl vFkZ dks eqfDrcks/k us pkgs y{; u Hkh fd;k gks fdarq bl dfork ;k=k esa dksbZ vo’; djsxkA yksd dFkkvksa esa of.kZr ;g ^v#.kdey* orZeku lanHkkZas esa fQj ls vkd”kZd gks mBk gSA bls Hkkjrh; tuekul dks HksVa djuk dfBu vo’; gS] vlaHko ughaAa xs#vk ekSle gS rks D;k\ ^vkykspuk dh igyh fdrkc* ¼1983½ esa vkykspd fo”.kq [kjs ;g LFkkfir djrs gSa fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,d Lora= dfork gksrs gq, Hkh ,d Lrj cgqy jpuk ¼LVsªfVfÝds’ku½ gS vkSj mldk lgh ewY;kdau eqfDrcks/k dh vU; dforkvksa dks lekukarj j[kdj gh laHko gSA nwljs ‘kCnksa esa ^eqfDrcks/k* ,d ikB gSA ,d vfody ukeA uke D;k ,d pqukSrh gS] leL;k gSA blls dqN gkfly djuk gS rks ,d&,d dfork dks idM+dj ughaa gks ldrkA fo’ks”kr% bl jpuk dks] vdsys ns[kuk&ij[kuk mfpr ughaa gS] cfYd [krjukd gS D;ksfa d blls lacn~/k dbZ iz’uksa dk mRrj gesa vU; dforkvksa esa ;k muds lgkjs izkIr gksrk gSA v’kksd pØ/kj dk Hkh ;gh er gS fd eqfDrcks/k dh dforkvksa dks muds lexz ys[ku vkSj ;qxhu lanHkkZas 180 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 180@^v¡

esa le>uk pkfg,A v’kksd pØ/kj ^eqfDrkcksèk* uked egkrky esa vkSj xgjs iSBus dh bPNk j[kus okys ikBdksa ,oa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d gSAa ¼eqfDrcks/k gksrs rks v’kksd pØ/kj ds bl in vkSj bu iafDr;ksa dks ns[kdj dgrs & esa voj Vªkbc bUØht & May our tribe increaseA½

nsfjnk us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd ;g lkspuk lrgh gS fd ^nsdkrZ*] & yscfot] :lks] gsxy vkfn nk'kZfudksa vkSj ys[kdksa ds uke gS]a lcls igys ;s lc vyx&vyx ,d&,d leL;k dk uke gSA ¼vkWQ xzkesVksyksth] i`- 99½A eqfDrcksèk* Hkh bl rjg ,d leL;k vkSj pqukSrh dk uke gSA ^xgjs ikuh iSB* mfDr dh xgjkbZ ls vf/kd egkrky* dh xgjkbZ gksxhA lk/kkj.k leh{kd mls ns[k fdukjs ls gh o.kZu djus yxsxk dksbZ pØ/kkjh gh izo's k djus dk lkgl djsxkA eqfDrcks/k dh dforkbZ dk pØ/kjh; ikB eSu a as ns[kk ughaa ij vo'; mUgksu a s eqfDrcks/k* dk u;k ikB izLrqr fd;k gksxkA ¼ns[ksa eqfDrcks/k dh dforkbZ] v'kksd pØ/kj] 2003½A lqèkh'k ipkSjh ds lu~ 1972 esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh oLrqijd O;k[;k dh Fkh] ,d ikB mudk Hkh gS vkSj ,sls gh dbZ nwljs ikBksa ls Hkh ,d eqfDrcks/k rS;kj gqvk gSA ij D;k djsa fo[kaMu bu ukeksa ij vfo'okl djus dks dgrk gSA ¼Deconstruction mistrusts Proper names½A D;ksfa d gj dFku] gj 'kCn vius esa ,d foLQksVd lkexzh fNik, jgrk gSA gj pht foHkkftr dh tk ldrh gS]\ cky dh [kky fudkyh tk ldrh gS] dksbZ ijek.kq ughaa gksrk ¼There is no atom½A tc vki dye Fkkers gSa rks ^dfork* ^dforkbZ* gks tkrh gSA gj uke nwljs uke esa izo’s k djrs le; ,d nwljh ijaijk dh [kkst esa tkrk gS] dksbZ ^dkS’ky&iqj jktk* dks ân; esa j[krk gS rks dksbZ ôkn* fo’ks”k dks vkykspd Hkh dqN fuekZ.k djrk gS ij /oal Hkh djrk gSA ,d pØ gS ftls vki ifjorZu dk pØ dgrs gS]a vkSj ftls iNqvk gok ¼Ode to the west wind½ ds dfo us c[kwch js[kkafdr fd;k gSA eqfDrcks/k dks iqjkus ls dksbZ gennhZ] yxko ;k vrhr dk xkSjoxku xkus dh dksbZ pkg ughaAa os ekurs gSa fd fcuk /oal ds fuekZ.k vlaHko gS & fcuk lagkj ds ltZu valHko gSA leUo; >wB gSA eqfDrcks/k Hkh gekjs uotkxj.k vkSj Lora=rk vkanksyu ds ukeksa dks ,d leL;k ds :i esa ns[krs gSAa ;gk¡ rd fd feFkdh; vkSj ikSjkf.kd euq* euq Le`fr ds euq ^v¡/ksjs es*a ughaa gSA ,d euq og gS tks dkek;uh esa gSa vkSj ftl xzFa k ij eqfDrcks/k fopkj djrs gSa & iqufoZpkj djrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k ^dkek;uh* dks euq dks tc viuh dfork esa ykrs gSa rks dgrs gSa & dkSu euq\ tSls fd dqN tkurs gh u gks]a igpkurs gh u gksAa oSls gh rkWYLVkW; vkSj xka/kh & bl rjg iaxAq fryd Hkh jDr jaftr gSa & eLrd jDr gh cg mBk ukfldk lsA ,sls ukeksa ls lk{kkRdkj gksus ij dfork dk eS*a Fkd dj cSB tkrk gS] lkspus fopkjus yxrk gSA ;s uke leL;k cudj vk, gSa ftudk gy dfo dk êS*a [kkst jgk gSA ns[ksa îqufoZpkj* esa eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa & euq dsoy ml eu dk izrhd gS tks izlkn th dk viuk ;k mu tSlk eu gSA fQj ‘kekZ th dks dkek;uh dk euq eqfDrcks/k dh fuxkg ls 181 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 181@^v¡

ns[kus ij eqfDrcks/k ls dkQh feyrk tqyrk dSls fn[kkbZ iM+k\ dfork ds lai.w kZ dysoj us ftruh fpark] la=kl] fglad n`’; vkSj QSVa l s h ds lgkjs cquk x;k LofIuy lalkj gS] ftruk /oal gS] mruk gh fuekZ.k ds izfr vkrqjrk Hkh gSA ftl dfork dk izFke ‘kCn gh ftanxh* gks vkSj ftldk y{; vkRelaHkok vfHkO;fDr gks ml dfork esa /oal ds i’pkr dk fuekZ.k gh y{; gS] ,slk izrhr gksrk gSA ije vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst* blfy, ek= vfLerk* dh [kkst ughaa vius lai.w kZ vFkkZas esa ml mRrjnkf;Ro dks ogu djus dk ladYi gS ftls ml n~;fq r iq#”k us eqLdjk dj lkSia k Fkk & esjs ikl pqipki lks;k gqvk ;g Fkk@ laHkkyuk bldks] lqjf{kr j[kukA la=kl] osnuk] fonzkgs ] vfHk’kki] fQØ] /kka;&/kka; vkSj Hk;kud flikgh] ek’kZy ykW] Mksekth mLrkn] Hkwr&fi’kkpksa ds lkFk gh eqfDrcks/k ;gh dgrs gSa fd vc bu lc ckrksa dk le; ughaAa la?k”kZ djuk vko’;d gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds vaxt sz h vuqokn ¼vuqoknd —“.k cynso oSn] 2001½ dh Hkwfedk esa bl dfork ds fuekZ.k] izkjafHkd ikB] izFke izdk’ku vkSj leh{kk ds lk{kh rFkk eqfDrcks/k ds ys[ku dks lkfgfR;d foe’kZ ds dsna z esa j[kus okys fon~okuksa esa ize[q k v’kksd oktis;h us ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks ;kn djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd bl dfork ds izFke izk:i ds izFke ikB ls os dfork ls ykfyR;] oSHko vkfn dh vis{kk j[kus okys ge ekuks bl lcdh /oalxkFkk lqu jgs FksA vFkkZr tc ikBd viuh vis{kk vkSj vuqHko ds vuq:i bl ^v¡/ksjs es*a og lc ughaa ikrk & ykfyR; vkSj oSHko & rks mls ;g ^/oalxkFkk* yxrh gSA fdarq bl dfork ds fuekZ.k dh rkdr bls u rks ^rkjh[kh* dfork Hkj jgus nsrh gS] u ^cklh* iM+us nsrh gSA ljy thou lanHkkZas ds tfVy vkSj rh[ks gks tkus ds ^dkj.k* bl ;qx ds dfo eqfDrcks/k us vfHkO;fDr ds lkjs [krjs mBkrs gq, gesa ,d ,slh dfork nh tks ,d vksj vkikrdky] 84 ds nax]as xqtjkr] 9@11] 26@11] v{kj/kke] isfjl] vkradokn] /kekZ/a krk] dV~Vjrk] lfg”.kqrk] ccZjrk] foHkktu] ekvksoknh vkradokn] vkfn dk iwokZHkkl izrhr gksrh gS vkSj nwljh vksj re dks ‘kwU; djus] va/ksjksa dks ikj djus] ldeZd lr~&fpr~ osnuk HkkLdj dks mfnr djus] d#.kk vkSj iz.k;kuqHkwfr dks HkkLoj djus] ekuo thou dh fujarjrk mlds vfuokj&Øe dks lqfuf’pr djus] re dh ‘kfDr;ksa dks ijkftr dj tu ds eqDr eu dks vkyksfdr djus vkSj LusgkuqHko dks osnuk ds Lrj rd laons u’khy cukus dk vuq”Bk&lkfgfR;d lekxe & izrhr gksrh gSA ipkl o"kkZas ls tks dfork cpiu esa lquh xbZ v/kHkwyh yksjh dh rjg gekjs lkFk lgokl dj jgh gS mldh lqokl ls & pyrk gS thou] y{;ksa ds iFk ijA ik'pkR; lkfgfR;d iajEijk esa Hkkjrh; vkykspdksa us Vh-,l-,fy;V dh —fr ^n osLV ySM a * dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj mUgsa ^v¡/ksjs ea*s dk /oal ,fy;V esa /oal tSlk yxrk gSA ij tSlk fd Li"V gS if'pe esa /oal dk vFkZ ;qn/~ k gS gekjs ;gk fofuekZ.kA if'peh lkfgR; dk izkjaHk gh ;qn/~ k ls gksrk gSA gksej dh 182 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 182@^v¡

egkdkO;kRed jpuk bfy;M ¼700 bZlk iwo½Z dks ;fn ik'pkR; lkfgfR;d ijaijk dh izFke egku jpuk ekusa rks bl dk igyk 'kCn gS & Øksèkkfrjsd & RageA os bl jst* ds xq.kkuqokn xk;u ls & lkfgR; dh nsoh dh vH;FkZuk ls & izkjaHk djrs gS&a Rage - Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles murderous doomed, that cost the Achaeans countless losses.

gksej ls ysdj vkt rd ik’pkR; lkfgR; essa ;qn/~ k o /oal dks ysdj tks Hkkokfrjsd vkSj ;qn/~ kksRlo dh ekufldrk gSA mlds le{k ,fy;V dh NViVkgV ux.; gS vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh —fr dk rks izFke ‘kCn gh ^ftanxh* gSA ;gk¡ VkWyLVkW; vkrs gSAa ftuds vkus dk vFkZ gS ;qn/~ k ds i’pkr vkus okyh ‘kkafr ¼War and Peace½A ^dkek;uh* esa dke ds lfØ; :id ds n~okjk fo/oal] foIyo vFkkZr uk’k dh yhyk gSA euq dke dk QSVa l s h ;qDr LoIu lk ns[krs gSAa eqfDrcks/k ftls lkearokn ls tksMd + j i<+rs gSAa blh izdkj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,d izdkj ls ,d /kjkry ij ml lekt ds iqufuZekZ.k dh jpuk gS tks vc vksj py ughaa ldrk] ftlesa reke rjg dh cqjkb;k¡ vk xbZ gSAa bldh fgalkRed izo`fRr vkSj ifjfLFkfr & dgha vkx yx xbZ] dgha xksyh py xbZ] yksxksa dh pqIih & lc pqi] lkfgfR;d pqi vkSj dfotu fuokZd]~ ng’kr&brus esa vkleku dk¡ik o /kka;&/kka; & cand w /kM+kdk djrh ,d izjs .kk lh Nk;k gS tks lqukbZ nsrh gS] ij fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrhA ifjiw.kZ dk vkfoHkkZo gSA vkRek dh izfrek gSA blfy, vkReXykfu] vkRela?k”kZ] vkReHkRlZuk] =kl dh Hkkouk vkfn ds gksrs gq, Hkh ,d fpRrkd”kZd] eksgd vkSj lqugyh rLohjksa okyk fuekZ.k izfs jr djuk gS ftlesa xxu esa ukprh dDdk dh ykBh] cPpksa dh isa is]a lysV iV~Vh vFkkZr tulaØkafr ds fy, vkxkt gSAa ;gh ugha]a LoIu Li’kZ] pqc a u vkSj vkfyaxu Hkh gSA vKkr iz.kf;.kh ds LoIu n’kZu dks ldeZd ize s dh vfr’k;rk ls feykdj i<+rs gSa rks eS*a dk ,d fHkUu fp= izdV gksrk gS tks igys [kaM lk grizHk] vkSj nwljs [kaM lk drjkrk&Mjrk ughaa gSA O;kdqyrk vo’; gS fdarq vkRelaHkok] vfuokj vfHkO;fDr ls lk{kkRdkj dk iwjk fo’okl gSA tSls xhrk esa okalkfl th.kkZfu* esa iqjkus oL= R;kxus dh ckr gS] ‘kSyh ¼Shelley½] iqjkus iRrksa ¼Withered leaves to qucknen a new birth½ ds fxjus dks dgrs gS]a oSls gh eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa & vkRek dh iks'kkd nhu o eSyh@fofp= :iksa dks /kkj.k dj dsA pyrk gS thou---

va/krk vkSj varnZ`f”V ^fga n h lkfgR; vkS j la o s n uk dk fodkl* ¼1986½ es a ys [ kd vkykspd&lkfgR;sfrgkldkj vkpk;Z jkeLo:i prqonZs h ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds vuqHko dks ^fonzkgs vkSj jpuk dk la;Dq r vuqHko* cukrs gq, eqfDrcks/k vkSj izlkn dh rqyuk djrs gSAa os ;gk¡ ikLrjukd ds miU;kl ^MkW- ftokxks* dk gokyk nsdj ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks ,slh jpuk crkrs gSa tgk¡ mDr miU;kl ds leku gh fonzkgs dk vuqHko vkSj iz.k; dk ^{k.k* ,dkdkj gks mBrk gSA izlkn th esa tgk¡ ^dkek;uh* vkSj mlds 183 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 183@^v¡

dkO; uk;d euq ds n~okjk vrhr dk xkSjo xku djrs gq, ^lkejL;* ^v[kaM vkuan* dh miyfC/k y{; lk/kk x;k gSA ogha eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡èksjs es*a bfrgkl ds ,d dky fo’ks”k esa fy[kh gksus ds ckotwn Hkfo”;ksUeq[kh jpuk gSA eqfDrcks/k dksbZ xkSjoxku ughaa djrs os v’oRFkkek dh rjg vfHk’kkfir gksdj eS*a dks fopj.k djk jgs gSAa izlkn vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh fLFkfr Bhd oSlh gh gS tSlh vaxt sz h lkfgR; esa fofy;e oMZl ~ oFkZ ¼1770&1850½ vkSj tkWu dhV~l ¼1795&1821½ dhA fo[kaMu ds izcy izoDrk vkSj O;k[;kdkj ikWy n eku us nksuksa dks Øe’k% vrhrksUeq[k ¼Retrospective½ vkSj Hkfo”;ksUeq[k ¼Prospective½ dfo crkrs gq, ,d ekdZs dh ckr dgh gSA mUgksu a s viuh —fr ^CykbaMuSl ,aM bulkbV* esa fo[kaMukRed rdZ nsrs gq, dgk Fkk fd izR;sd lkfgfR;d] vkykspukRed ;k nk’kZfud VsDlV ^va/krk vkSj varn`fZ ”V* ;qDr —fr gksrh gS ftlesa egkure ys[kdh; varn`fZ ”V ds {k.k dHkh&dHkh va/krk ds vkSj dHkh va/krk ds {k.k egku vuqHkwfr ds {k.k gks tkrs gSAa ¼Every Literary, Critical or Philosophical text is a work of blindness and insight in which the moments of greatest authorial insight are characteristically moment of blindness or Vice Versa½A vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd izlkn viuh dkek;uh* esa tgk¡ lcls pednkj gSa

ogha lcls T;knk va/ksjk muds ;gk¡ gS*a ¼lq/kh’k ipkSjh] nsfjnk fo[kaMu dh fln~èkkafrdh] i`- 195½A nwljh vksj ^v¡/ksjs es*a tgk¡ lcls T;knk va/ksjk gS ogk¡ lcls T;knk ^egd ygj* gS] ^lk¡oyh gok* cgrh gS] ^rstfLØ; ef.k&jRu* gS]a ^egdrh jkr jkuh Qwyks dh tokuh*] ^LoIu Li’kZ*] ^pqc a u ?kVuk*] ^vKkr iz.kf;uh*] ^vèkHkwyh yksjh*] vkRek dks xhyh dj Mkyus okys n`’; fcac gSA ukeoj flag ds ‘kCnksa es]a ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds varxZr loZ= va/ksjk gh ughaa gS] cfYd pedrh gqbZ jax&fcjaxh ef.k;k¡ Hkh gS]a cand w vkSj xksyh gh ugha]a Qwyksa ds xqPNs Hkh gS]a fi’kkp&vk—fr iq#”k gh ugha]a leFkZd lr~&fpr~&osnuk HkkLdj u, u, lgpj Hkh gS]a Hk;ghu ughaa ekuo d#.kk Hkh gS] ihM+k gh ugha]a vkLFkk Hkh gSA lai.w kZ dfork ds va/kdkj ds Åij vfLrRo dh ,d vykSfdd lqx/a k ifjO;kIr gSA ^dkek;uh* dk izlxa vk;k gS rks eqfDrcks/k dh vkykspukRed —fr ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* dh vksj n`f”Vikr djus dk eu djuk LokHkkfod gSA oLrqr% jkefoykl ‘kekZ dk er gS fd ^dkek;uh* ds euq dks eqfDrcks/k dh fuxkg ls ns[ks]a rks og Lo;a eqfDrcks/k ls dkQh feyrs&tqyrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSAa euq og lc dqN gSa tks eqfDrcks/k gSa vkSj gksuk pkgrs gSAa ¼ubZ dfork vkSj vfLrRookn½A nwljh vksj Lo;a eqfDrcks/k dk dguk gS fd ^vusd nqx.qZ kksa ds vykok ,slk vkRexzLr fufcn~/k vkRefo’ys”k.k tks ijkt; ls izlr w gksdj ijkt;ksa dh vksj ys tkrk gS] euq dh fo’ks”krk gSA* bu nksuksa oDrRoksa dks feykdj ns[ksa rks ,d vo’; va/kRo* gS vkSj nwljk ^varn`fZ ”V*A ^dkek;uh* ds VsDLV dk fo[kaMukRed ikB djus ij ^dkek;uh* ds VSDLV dh va/krk Li”V n`f”Vxkspj gksrh gSA ;g irk py tkrk gS fd ,slk dqN ughaa gS fd eqfDrcksèk dk vkn’kZ euq gSA ojuk ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa eqfDrcksèk 184 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 184@^v¡

dk ^eS*a ;g D;ksa iz’u djrk & dkSu euq\ ;g Hkh ns[ksa & lp rks ;g gS fd ;n~;fi euq xgu vgaoknh vkSj O;fDroknh gS]a fdarq mlesa O;kid thou&{ks= esa fopj.k djus dh ykylk] ldeZd lkgl’khyrk vkSj xR;kRedrk gSA ¼dkek;uh ,d iqufoZpkj] i`- 156½A lq/kh’k ipkSjh us ^dkek;uh* ds VsDLV dh lcls cM+h va/krk dh ppkZ djrs gq, bl VsDLV dks iwjh rjg can ¼Closed½ crk;k gSA ;w¡ rks dksbZ VsDLV iwjh rjg dHkh can ughaa gks ldrk ij fQj Hkh ;fn oLrq* dh n`f”V ls ns[kk tk, rks mudh ckr dk vFkZ Li”V gks tkrk gSA ^dkek;uh* dh VsDLV dh ;g lcls cM+h vaèkrk gS fd og ,d iwjh rjg lai.w kZrkoknh ^can* dj nh xbZ VsDLV gSA y{; ik fy;k x;k gSA lejlrk izkIr dj yh xbZ gSA bl lejlrk esa ^ekuo* dh dksbZ txg ughaa gSA ¼i`- 193½ vkSj vc blh izdkj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds ikB dks ns[ksAa ;g ikB iwjh rjg ^[kqyk* ¼Open½ gSA ;g ,d ‘kk’or [kkst gS tks ^ftanxh* ls ‘kq: gksdj [kksbZ gqbZ vfHkO;fDr ij fojke ysrh gSA jkeLo:i prqonsZ h ds ‘kCnksa es]a dfo dh vu[kksth jgh ije vfHkO;fDr & og ‘kfDr dk fojkV :i gS tks xqgk ls fudydj HkhM+ esa fey tkrk gS vkSj tgk¡ dfork dk var gksrk gS ogk¡ dfo dh ryk’k fQj ‘kq: gks tkrh gSA vc vki gh ns[ksa fd nks izfrf”Br fon~oku fdl vksj y{; dj jgs gSAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds oLrq( foLrkj dh izcy laHkkouk,a gSAa Lo;a eqfDrcksèk dgrs gSa & ughaa gksrh] dgha Hkh [kRe dfork ughaa gksrhA blfy, os ^v¡èksjs es*a ds n~okjk ,d ^lfeax vi* ugha cfYd Hkwfedk ck¡/k jgs Fks vkSj ;fn fo/kkrk us izk.kkard chekjh u nh gksrh rks mudh dfork muds gh vlqjf{kr thou dh dfork cudj u jg tkrhA ns[ksa ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* esa vafdr ;s ‘kCn & ftanxh us eq>s dHkh bruh lqfo/kk gh u nh fd eSa vius le; dk lanq j mi;ksx dj ldw¡A bl dkj.k eu dh ckrsa eu esa gh /kjh jg tkrh gSAa ;gk¡ iky n eku ds ‘kCn ysdj ;g dguk vR;qfDr u gksxh fd iz[;kr jksekafVd dfo tkWu dhV~l ds leku eqfDr cks/k Hkh ,d jksekuh LoIu n`”Vk dfo gSA tks lnk Hkfo”;ksUeq[k jgrk gSA ¼Haunted by a dream that always remain in the future. De Man 1981,81½A eqfDrcks/k ds fy, Hkh le; oSlk gh gS tSlk nsfjnk vkSj fofy;e ‘ksDlih;j ds fy, gSa & le; cM+k uktqd gSA ¼The Time is out of joint½A eqfDrcks/k Hkh mldk fn;k gqvk Hkfo”; dk uD’kk lg ughaa ldrsA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh bu iafDr;ksa dks tkWu dhV~l dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa ls feykdj ns[ksa & le> u ik;k fd py jgk LoIu Fkk@ tkx`fr ‘kq: gSA Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music: Do I wake or sleep? (Ode to a Nightingale: John Keats)

eu dh ckrsa eu esa gh /kjh jg tkus dk Hk;] ftanxh n~okjk vkSj vfèkd lqfoèkk o le; u ns ikus dk eyky vYithoh dhV~l dks Hkh Fkk vkSj eqfDrcksèk 185 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 185@^v¡

dks HkhA oLrqr% muds fy, Hkfo”; og ughaa Fkk tks gekjs vki ds fy, igys ls gh laHkkfor gks ¼eSa bl vkys[k dks deksc’s k fy[k gh pqdk gw¡ vkSj fudV Hkfo”; ^vKkr* gSA bls nsfjnk Ýsp a ds nks ‘kCnksa Âvenir’ ¼Hkfo”;½ vkSj Â-venir’ ¼vkxr½ ds chp dh dM+h ds :i esa ns[krs gSAa Hkfo”; ,slk vkxrqd a gS ftldk dksbZ irk&fBdkuk ughaAa eqfDrcks/k dh [kksbZ gqbZ ije vfHkO;fDr dc êS*a dks feysxh & Hkfo”; es\a vkSj ;g Hkfo”; vKkr gSA n eku dh bl iqLrd ^CykbaMuSl ,aM bulkbV* dh jpuk rc gqbZ tc eku 52 o”kZ ds FksA vkSj ;g mudh igyh —fr Fkh ij bl ,d vkykspukRed —fr us mUgsa LFkkfir fd;kA eku us ;g LFkkiuk nh fd lkekU;r% vkykspd gj —fr vkSj —frdkj dh ppkZ esa dksbZ u dksbZ dsna hz ; eqnn~ k NksM+ nsrs gS]a mudh n`f”V ls vks>y gks tkrk gSA tkWd nsfjnk us :lks ij tks ys[ku fd;k] mls ysdj eku us nsfjnk dks gh dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj fn;kA eku dk er Fkk fd vkykspuk dh >ksd a esa nsfjnk us :lks dk lkfgfR;d in bruk ckSuk dj fn;k tcfd os Lo;a tkurs Fks fd :lks ,sls ughaAa eku us dgk fd vius fln~/kkarksa dh iqf”V ds fy, nsfjnk us Nn~e&:lks dk fo[kaMu dj MkykA vkSj ;g mUgksu a s tku cw>dj fd;kA nwljs ‘kCnksa es]a nsfjnk us :lks esa va/kRo vkjksfir fd;k vkSj og Hkh blfy, fd os Lo;a dqN varn`fZ ”V izkIr dj ldsAa ¼Derrida had made Rousseau blind in order to generate his own insights½A oLrqr% va/kRo nsfjnk dk FkkA jkefoykl ‘kekZ tc vWyhxjh dks ?kfV;k fdLe dh dyk crkrs gSa rks os ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd dk¶dk us bldk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ¼vaxt sz h dh Qs;jh Dohu blh dyk dk uewuk gS½A jksekal esa bldk iz;ksx [kwc gqvk gSA ;g dgrs gSa fd vusd jpukvksa esa mudh dyk ;wjksih; lkfgR; dh vWyhxjh ls feyrh gSA ¼IysVks dh vWyhxjh vkWQ n dso ls ysdj] tkWu cu;u dh fiyfxzEl izkxs l sz vkSj tkWtZ vkWjosy dh ,uhey QkeZ blh ds mnkgj.k gS½a A eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs es*a vWyhxjh dh ?kVk vkSj QSVa l s h ds lgt ifjos’k esa gh bruh vFkZi.w kZ vkSj laf’y”V gqbZ gSA bldh rjQ ‘kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dk /;ku D;ksa ughaa tkrk fd v¡/ksjs es*a ;fn dksbZ vardZFkk dgrh gS rks og D;k gSA pw¡fd vWyhxjh ¼Allegory½ ds fufgrkFkZ le; le; ij ikBdksa ds ns’k&dky≤ ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrs gSa blfy, ;g Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg, fd ipkl o”kZ iwoZ bl dfork dk tks ikB Fkk mlesa vkSj vkt ds ikB esa ikBd ds ih<+h cny tkus ds dkj.k D;k cnyko gqvk gSA ;g Hkh ,d jkspdrkiw.kZ ,oa Kkuo/kZd ‘kks/k gksxk fd vaxt sz h lfgr vU; vusd Hkkjrh; Hkk”kkvksa esa vuqokn ds ek/;e ls miyCèk ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds izfr fon~okuks]a vkykspdks]a leh{kdks]a ikBdksa dh D;k jk; gSA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh tksM+ nsuk vlaxr u gksxk fd iky n eku dh ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ —fr vyhxjht+ vkWQ jhfMax ¼1976½ gSA blesa eku i<+us dh fØ;k dks uSfrdrk ls tksMr + s gSAa eqfDrcks/k dks i<+us ds fy, vc u tkus fdruh ubZ n`f”V;k¡ gSa & ikBd u, gSa fQj ^vankt* iqjkuk D;kas gks\ ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh n`f”V] izHkko] ckSnf~ /kdrk] laons uk vkSj vuqHkwfr dks vkRelkr 186 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 186@^v¡

djus ds fy, u, eqyEes dh t:jr gSA ;gk¡ ;g Hkh ns[kuk gksxk fd —”.k cynso oSn dk vuqokn ^bu n MkdZ* ¼2001½ ;k dksbZ vksj vaxt sz h vuqokn Hkkjrh; vaxt sz h ds vè;srkvksa vkSj vaxt sz h ds Hkkjrh; v/;srkvksa dks gh ughaa vU;kU; Hkk”kkvksa dh dforkvksa dks vuqokn ds ek/;e ls i<+us okys Hkkjrh;srj ikBd dks Hkh fdl izdkj vkdf”kZr djrk gS@dj jgk gSA ¼,sls dbZ ‘kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dh ppkZ igys gh mnkgj.kkFkZ dj nh xbZ gS½A lexzr% yhyk/kj eaMyksbZ ds ‘kCnksa esa dg ldrs gSa fd bl ije vfHkO;fDr esa ckj ckj izxV gksrk [kRe u gksus okyk va/ksjk nh[krk t:j gS ysfdu dfo dh izdk’k ikus dh cspu S h mlls dgha vf/kd gSA ¼u;k Kkuksn;] Hkonh;] i`5½ vkSj bl izdk’k dks y{; djus ds fy, varnZ`f”V dh vko’;drk gS] nwj n`f”V dh ughaAa

vU;euLdrk] mRrjnkf;Ro vkSj U;k; oSfnd _f”k ‘kqu%‘ksi ds ‘kkiHkz”V firk vthxrZ leku gh nks dFkk,¡ gSAa ,d gS viuh Hkkjrh; ftldk mYys[k eqfDrcks/k djrs gSa vkSj mi;qDZ r iafDr;k¡ gSa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds ml izlxa dh tc ikxy xk;d dh rqyuk djrs gq, vpkud mUgsa ‘kqu%’ksi ds ‘kki Hkz”V firk dk Lej.k vk tkrk gSA vthxrZ viuh {kq/kk vkSj vfdapurk ds dkj.k vius ea>ys iq= ‘kqu% ‘ksi dks lkS xk;ksa ds cnys ;K esa cfy nsus ds fufeRr csp nsrk gSA ,srjs; czkg~e.k dh bl dFkk dk lanHkZ eqfDrcks/k rc nsrs gSa tc mudk ekFkk xje] flj ds Hkje vkSj liuksa esa vkykspu py jgk gksrk gSAa vthc vU;euLdrk gS & D;k d:¡ fdlls dgw¡@dgk¡ tkÅ¡] fnYyh ;k mTtSu\ jkts’k tks’kh bls de izpfyr feFkd dgrs gS]a ij oLrqr% ;g Hkh lp gS fd ge vius feFkdksa ls ifjfpr gh dgk¡ gks ikrs gSAa [kSj! ,d nwljk feFkd gS vkSj blls os Hkh ifjfpr gks ldrs gSa tks izkphu Hkkjrh; nk’kZfud feFkdksa ls vf/kd ifjfpr ughaAa iz’u ^U;k;* dk Hkh gS vkSj ^/keZ* dk HkhA ledkyhu Hkh gS vkSj loZdkfyd HkhA 9@11 ds i’pkr tc vkradokn ls ^;qn/~ k* dk t;?kks”k gks jgk Fkk rks rRdkyhu fczfV’k iz/kkuea=h us dgk Fkk fd ;gwnh] eqlyeku vkSj bZlkbZ lHkh bczkfge dh larku gSa vkSj mUgsa vkilh HkkbZpkjk cuk, j[kuk pkfg, ¼Blair, 2001, 4½A nsfjnk dk er gS fd ;s lc /keZ ;k fo’okl vthc ?kVukvksa ds lk{kh jgs gSAa nsfjnk us viuh vuqie —fr ^n fx¶V vkWQ MSFk* ¼1992½ esa blh bczkfge ¼Abraham½ dh dFkk dk mYys[k fd;k gS vkSj ;g dFkk gekjh mi;qD Z r dFkk ls cgqr feyrh gSA bczkfge dh dFkk esa Hkh firk vius iq= dks ekSr nsrk gSA nsfjnk dgrs gSa fd bl cfynku esa iq= dh ek¡ dgha ut+j ughaa vkrhA ¼oSfnd _f”k dh dFkk esa Hkh ^ek¡* dgk¡ gS\a ½ ;g cki&csVs dh dFkk gSA thou esa mRrjnkf;Ro dk D;k egRo 187 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 187@^v¡

gS\ gekjs fy, oLrqr% firk dk /keZ D;k gS\ eksj/ot dh dFkk esa Hkh ;gh cfynku gSA bczkfge vkSj bZlkd ¼Abraham and Isaac½ dh dFkk gks ;k vthxrZ ‘kqu%’ksi dh] ckr ,d gh gSA nsfjnk dgrs gSa &Every experience of responsibility binds me to the other, to the other as other & n fx¶V vkWQ MSFk] i`- 68½A eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa & O;fDrRo viuk gh vius ls [kks;k gqvkA ;fn ^v¡/ksjs es*a re&’kwU; esa rSjrh txr leh{kk Hkh gS rks bl izlxa dk ,d oSf’od ikB vkSj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ,sls fdrus gh firk gSa vkSj fdrus gh iq= gSa tks tkfr] /keZ] o.kZ] oxZ] uLy vkSj {ks= vkfn ds vk/kkj ij cfy dj fn, tkrs gSa vkSj ;fn iq= ds cfynku ij fdlh dk mRrjnkf;Ro curk gS rks og firk dk gSA firk ¼Hkxoku ;fn gSa rks {kek djs½a dkSu gS\ ijefirk vkSj God gh gS u\ ¼D;k gesa eqfDrcks/k bZ’oj ds fo”k; esa iqu q foZpkj djus dks dg jgs gS\a ½ ;fn ge bZ’oj dh vuq—fr gSa vkSj vkRe&ijekRek ds chp lac/a k gS rks ;g firk D;ksa bl rjg O;ogkj djrk gS\ ;s tks vusd jktuhfrK@usrk@’kkld gSa os ‘kkiHkz”V firk gS\a u tkus fdrus ekspkZas ij ^firk* vius ^iq=* dks Hksts pyk tk jgk gSA e`R;q dks ufpdsrk us Hkh firk ds dkj.k gh ns[kk FkkA nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa & Jerusalem is the site on; for around which Isaac’s Sacrifice continues everyday, Countless machiness of death wage a war that has no front. Page 70 A lqurs gSa fd Hkkjr foHkktu esa yxHkx nl

yk[k yksxksa dh cfy firk* us nh FkhA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa Hkyk paxk Hkh flj&fQjk fof{kIr efLr”d gks tk,xkA ukFkwjke xksMls dh eu%fLFkfr dks dSls O;k[;kf;r djsx\as bu pkj iafDr;ksa ds bnZ&fxnZ cnyrs lhu* esa ?kwe tkb, vkSj ikb,xk fd v¡/ksjs es*a ,d izdkj dk vkarfjd ;qn/~ k gS vkSj mlls Hkh vf/kd ;qn/~ kjr fo’o ftlesa x`g;qn/~ k Hkh lfEefyr gks x;k gS] og bl dfork dks ^;qnè~ k&lkfgR;* ¼war literature½ dh Js.kh esa yk [kM+k djrk gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ;qn/~ k ds n’kZu ls ;qn/~ kjr gSa eqfDrcks/kA ;g egkHkkjr dh xhrk dk ,d u;k {ksid vkSj v/;k; gS tgk¡ fgalk dk uXu u`R; Hkhrj Hkh gS vkSj ckgj HkhA nsfjnk us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd gekjs izR;sd fuoZpu vkSj Vhdk esa ;qn/~ k vkSj n~ona o~ gksrk gh gSA ¼There is war and Polemos in every interpretation & QkslZ vkWQ ykW] i`- 999½A ftls dbZ vkykspd ^tu&Økafr* dg jgs gS]a mlds dkj.k Hk;kØkar dkO;&uk;d dh eu%fLFkfr nsf[k, & ekuks esjs dkj.k gh yx x;k ek’kZy ykW og@ekuks esjh fuf”Ø; laKk us ladV cqyk;k@ekuks esjs dkj.k gh nq?kZV gqbZ ;g ?kVukA naxksa esa lquh Hkk”kk ns[ksa & ^ekjks xksyh] nkxks Llkys dks ,dne*A ,sls fdrus gh LoIu fp= gS]a QSVa l s h dks ek/;e cukdj ;k mldh vkM+ ysdj nks Vwd fVIi.kh Hkh dh xbZ gS & dfork esa dgus dh vknr ugha]a ij dg nw¡ orZeku lekt py ughaa ldrkA le>nkj gSa vki blfy, ladr s esa gh dg nw¡ fd eqfDrcks/k dh rjg eq>s Hkh Mj gS] ;fn dksbZ ;g Loj lqu yaAas ge nksuksa fQj dgha ughaa jg ldsxAas eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ,d 188 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 188@^v¡

mRrjnkf;Ro gS] fojklr gS vkSj cdkSy nsfjnk dksbZ fojklr ;w¡ gh ughaa fey tkrh ;g ,d ladYi vkSj deZ gksrk gSA ns[k ysa fd eqfDrcks/k dg jgs gSa & ftldks u eSa thou esa dj ik;k@ og dj jgk gSA eqfDrcks/k pkgrs gSa fd ge bl jpuk dks ubZ rjg ls izkIr djsAa Bhd gS] ;fn eqfDrcks/k dks ^vkRelaHkok*] îje vfHkO;fDr vfuokj* ^vfLerk* ;k ^vkbMsfa VVh* dh gh [kkst Fkh vkSj dfo ds ukrs os Hkk”kk esa Hkk”kk ds ijs tkdj dfork ds ckjs esa ^dfork* fy[kuk pkgrs Fks vkSj ^’kCnkfHkO;fDr* dk vHkko vuqHko djrs Fks rks blesa [krjs okyh ckr dkSu lh gS\ D;k mUgsa Hkk”kk esa ^vux<+rk* ds vkjksi dk Hk; Fkk\ vux<+rk ‘kCn esa tks e/; esa & ^dsna z esa cSBk gS og gS ^x<+* vkSj blh dh dsfa nzdrk dks rksMu + k y{; gS ;fn] rks fQj dgha eqfDrcks/k fdlh êgkohj* ds îzlkn* dh izrh{kk ughaa dj jgs Fks\ ;k egkohj dh rjg dfork ;k=k :ih leqnz dks yk¡?kus dh viuh lkeF;Z ls vufHkK Fks\ ckr ,slh ughaa gS & dfork dk êS*a dfo dk êS*a gks gh] ;g nkos ds lkFk dfo ds vfrfjDr dkSu dg ldrk gS\ dguk u gksxk fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,d ;qn/~ k dfork gS] ,d laxkz e gS ftls QSVa l s h ds ek/;e ls dfo eqfDrcks/k us ¼vkSj vc eSa ;gk¡ eqfDrcks/k ds gh ‘kCnksa dks ysdj nwljh rjg dgrk gw½¡ izLrqr fd;k gSA dfo ds ân; esa fpjdky ls lafpr ¼fdUgha fo’ks”k ckrksa ds lac/a k es½a tks laons ukRed izfrfØ;k,¡ gS]a tks rhoz na’k gS]a tks fuxw<+ vk?kkr gS] mu lc esa ,d thou vkykspukRed O;k[;ku ds lw= gSAa ;s lc izfrfd;k,¡] ;s lc na’k vkSj vk?kkr thou vkykspukRed osnuk ls ;qDr gksdj ml QSVa l s h esa izdV gq, gSa ftls ge ^v¡/ksjs es*a dgrs gSAa fo’o esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds jpukdky ds le; esa Hkh ;qn/~ k gq, ¼Hkkjr&phu dk ;qn/~ k rks gS gh½ vkSj vc Hkh gks jgs gSAa [kcjs LFkkuh;] {ks=h;] jk”Vªh; vkSj varjjk”Vªh; ;qn/~ kksa dk jkstukepk gSAa ;qn/~ kksa dk dkj.k ;gh gS fd yksx le>rs gSa fd mUgsa U;k; ughaa feyk@fey ldrkA eqfDrcks/k dk vkRela?k”kZ blh U;k; dh izkfIr gsrq FkkA ‘ke’ksj cgknqj flag fy[krs gSa & êqfDrcks/k us lc dqN vius Åij >syk Fkk* vU;k;] neu] na’k vkSj ihM+k ds la;Dq r vuqHko dks mUgksu a s vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, v¡/ksjs es*a dh l`f”V dhA Û;k;* ¼Justice½ vk/kqfud ekuo dh lcls Toyar leL;k gSA vkSj eSa tc tc ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh lekiu iafDr;k¡ i<+rk gw¡ & blhfy, vkRelaHkok] rks ;g fopkj fctyh dh rjg ru&cnu esa nkSM+ tkrk gS fd bl dfork dh ;s iafDr;k¡ ftl rjQ ladr s djrh gSa og gks u gks U;k;* gSA d;ker ds fnu bZ’oj U;k;* djsxk] blh Hkjksls ge ml ij Hkjkslk djrs gSAa bfrgkl] jktuhfr vkSj vusd ekuoh; pfj=ksa ds bfrgkl esa [kkst gqbZ gS rks cl U;k; dhA ;qn/~ k dks /keZ{ks= blh dkj.k dgk x;k fd ikaMoksa dks U;k; pkfg, FkkA eqfDrcks/k dks ;fn dfo* ek= ekudj ge mudh ek=k NksVh dj nsxas rks ;s lc iqjkus ikB cusx]as u;k ikB ;g gS fd v¡/ksjs es*a orZeku lekt dh vU;k; ds izfr ;qn/~ kjr jgus dh ?kks”k.kk gSA 189 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 189@^v¡

vkSj gk¡] blh ls fo[kaMu Hkh vkdj ;gk¡ tqM+ tkrk gSA ^QkslZ vkWQ ykW* ¼965½ esa nsfjnk dgrs gSa & fo[kaMu U;k; ds izfr ikxy gS ¼Deconstruction is mad about justice½ vkSj ;g Hkh fd fo[kaMu U;k; gS ¼Deconstruction is justice½A mRrjnkf;Ro vkSj U;k; ds izfr nsfjnk dh yxu ^LisDVlZ vkWQ ekDlZ* esa ns[kh tk ldrh gS tgk¡ os varjjk”Vªh; dkuwu dks blds fy, lefiZr gksus ds fy, dgrs gSAa nsfjnk ds fy, okLrfod vkSj lPpk U;k;] lPps fo[kaMu ds lekt gh] vkus okyk gS] vHkh vk;k ughaa gS ¼justice is yet, to come, a venir½A U;k; Hkh ^vfHkO;fDr* ds leku vlaHko dk vuqHko gSA Hkfo”;ksUeq[kh gSA blhfy, dfo eqfDrcks/k] ftUgsa dfork esa dgus dh vknr ugha]a nks Vwd dg nsrs gSa fd izR;sd xfrfof/k] izR;sd pfj=] gj ,d vkRek dk bfrgkl] gjsd ns’k o jktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr] izR;sd ekuoh; LokuqHkwr vkn’kZ] foosd&izfØ;k] fØ;kxr ifj.kfr vkfn esa >k¡d&>k¡d dj ,d gh oLrq [kkstrs gSa ftls dfo vfHkO;fDr* dgrs gSa vkSj lc dqN vius Åij >syus okys* U;k;A vkRefo’okl dh [kkst dks vkt dk ikBd U;k;* ds :i esa ns[kus dks ck/; Hkh gS vkSj mls bldh vko’;drk Hkh gSA ‘kksf”kr] nfyr] nfer] vkfnoklh] L=h] L=h&iq#”k ls brj fyax ls Lo;a dks lacksf/kr djus okys] leySfa xd] fo”ke ySfa xd] xs ¼gay½ vkfn vkfn D;ksa bl vfHkO;fDr dks ml vfHkO;fDr dh rjg ns[ksa ftldh vksj vkykspd us ladr s fn;k gSA vkykspd dh ckr rks nwj dh gS] bl mRrj vk/kqfud ¼cfYd eSa rks dgw¡xk mRrj&mRrj vk/kqfud ¼Post-Post-Modern½ ;qx esa tc jksyk ckFkZ ¼Roland Barthes½ vius iz[;kr fuca/k ^n MSFk vkWQ fn vkWFkj* ¼1977½ esa vkyadkfjd ,oa fopkjkRed èkjkry ij —frdkj dh —fr ds Lo;aHkw jpf;rk ¼A God like father figure½ vkSj —fr ds lai.w kZ vk’k; dk ,dek= mn~xe LFky vkSj vkf/kdkfjd lanHkZ ekuus dh pj.k Li’khZ vknr NksMu + h pkfg,A nsfjnk Hkh ekurs gSa fd jpukdkj vkSj vkykspd nksuksa ls vkrafdr gksus ds LFkku ij VsDLV dks ns[kk tk,] lanHkZ ¼Context½ vkSj i`”BHkwfe dks fpg~fur fd;k tk, D;ksfa d ikB@lanHkZ ds ckgj dqN ughaa gksrkA ¼There is nothing outside the text, vkWQ xzkesVksyksth] i`- 158½

dfork dgk¡ laokn gS eSa nsfjnk dh rjg lkfgR; vkSj dfork esa varj ns[krk gw¡] tc eSa ;g i<+rk gw¡ fd v¡/ksjs es*a ,d egkdkO;kRed dfork gS rks esjs eu esa egkdkO; dh tks Nfo gS ¼tSls jkepfjr ekul] iSjkMkbt+ yksLV½ og [kafMr gks tkrh gSA ,e,- ds fnuksa esa ijh{kk esa ,d iz’u dk mRrj fy[kuk cgqr dfBu gksrk Fkk & xksnku —“kd thou dk egkdkO; gSA ;g my>u iqjkuh gS D;ksfa d laL—r dkO;’kkL= esa dkO; dk vFkZ lkfgR; Hkh gksrk gS vkSj lkfgR; niZ.k esa Hkh yxHkx os gh eqnn~ s gSa tks dkO; izdk’k esAa egkdkO; ls ,dne egkdysoj dk fp= curk gSA egkdkO; 190 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 190@^v¡

ds laL—r esa crk, y{k.k Lej.k gks vkrs gSAa egkdkO; ¼Epic½ ik’pkR; ijaijk esa Hkh lkfgR; ¼Literature½ ,oa dfork ¼Poetry½ esa dfork iqjkuh gS] ekSf[kd ijaijk ls vkbZ gS vkSj bls belles letters dgk tkrk gSA ^nsfjnk lkfgR;* dh ijaijk dks vkèkqfudrk ls tksMr + s gSa vkSj ^dfork ekuork dh ekr`Hkk”kk gS* tSls fopkjksa dks ekU;rk nsrs gq, blds ekSf[kdRo dks js[kkafdr djrs gSAa bl n`f”V ls eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs es*a jpuk ^dkO;* ughaa gS ^dfork* Hkh ughaa gS] dfork esa dgus dh rks cans dks vknr gh u FkhA dfork ds f’kYi esa mUgksu a s ftanxh dk ^jkrukepk* izLrqr fd;k gSA tc v;krqYyk [kqeu S h us lyeku :’nh ds miU;kl dks ;k rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h@jkT;iky us eqfDrcks/k dh —fr dks izfrcaf/kr ,oa vokaNuh; ?kksf”kr fd;k Fkk rks Hkh ^dfotu fuokZd~ vkSj lkfgfR;d pqi* ls gh jg x, FksA lkekU; tuthou esa vlR; ;k feF;k opu dks dfork ls tksM+ lk fn;k x;k gSA D;ksa dfork dj jgk gSA dforkbZ u ckap eqnn~ s ij vkA ij dksbZ ;gk¡ ;g ughaa dgrk & D;ksa lkfgR; lquk jgk gS\ lkfgR; dh xfjek gSA blhdks ^e’kky* dgk x;k gSA ^fe’ku* ekuk x;k gSA bl n`f”V ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a igys ^lkfgR;* gS vkSj ;g dfork ds f’kYi esa fucn~/k gS blfy, eqfDrcks/k dh Hkk”kk esa dkO;kRedrk [kkstuk [khj esa gyos dk Lokn [kkstuk gSA ^fnol dk volku lehi Fkk@xxu Hkh Fkk dqN yksfgr gks pykA r:f’k[kk ij Fkh vc jktrhA defyuh dqy oYyHk dh izHkk* esa tkdj dfoRo vkSj dkO;kRedrk [kkstuk ljy gksxk fdarq ^D;k d:¡] fdlls dgw¡\ dgk¡ tkÅ¡\ fnYyh ;k mTtSu\* esa vkidks dkO; ughaa vleatl ¼viksfj;k½ vkSj ‘kSDlihjh; vFkZ xqQ a u feysxkA ¼To be or not to be. That is the question½A fnYyh tgk¡ jktuhfr] iz’kklu] lRrk vkfn dk dsna z gS] mTtSu egkdky dh uxjh gSA ¼lRrk ‘kj.ka xPNkfe ;k cqn/~ ka ‘kj.ka xPNkfe iz’u ;s gS½ vkSj ,slh iafDr;k¡ lekl cgqyk laL—rfu”B fganh dh dforkbZ ls fHkUurj gSAa cspkjk eqfDrcks/k ,slh eu%fLFkfr esa Fkk gh ughaa fd dfork esa fctyh ds Qwy f[kyk ldrkA ;gk¡ tc fctyh ds Qwy vkrs Hkh gSa rks os f[kyrs ugha]a lqyxrs gSAa dgha dgha dksbZ osnuke; unh fcac Qsd a xbZ ;k xs#vk ekSle esa lk¡oyh gok vkdj Vgydneh djus yxh gks] rks ckr nwljh gSA lq>ko ;g gS fd v¡/ksjs es*a dks lkfgfR;d nLrkost ¼Literary Text½ dh rjg ns[kk tk,] ^egkdkO;kRed nh?kZ dfork* dk yscy ikjaifjd Hkh gS vkSj bldk ^vFkZ ladksp* Hkh Li”V gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a us fganh dfork ds vk;ke dks cnykA dfork] xn~;] ukVd] dFkk] y?kq&dFkk] c;ku vkfn fo/kkvksa dh igpku dks ubZ igpku nhA blfy, dguk ;g gksxk fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a ^dfork dgk¡ laokn gS\* nsfjnk us ,d ‘kCn dk fuekZ.k fd;k Fkk & Polyogue & MkW;ykWx esa nks yksxksa dk laokn gksrk gSA blh rtZ ij ikWyhykWx esa vusd yksxksa dk laokn gksxkA ;gh ughaa vusd yksxksa ds ijLij laokn ds lkFk gh ;g ,d laokn vius ;qx ls] nwljk laokn ikBd ds ;qx ls vkSj rhljk laokn vius vrhr ls Hkh djrh gS rks jpuk cgqe[q kh 191 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 191@^v¡

laokn cu tkrh gSA izHkkr f=ikBh us eqfDrcks/k Le`fr ds i’pkr o”kkZis jkar fy[kh iafDr;ksa esa bl vfoLej.kh; vkSj vn~forh; dfork ds ckjs esa lkjxfHkZr ‘kCnksa esa dgk gS & eqfDrcks/k dh bl dfork dks ftruh ckj i<+k]s mruh gh ckj yxrk gS fd blds ikB ds izHkko dks fy[k lduk vlaHko gSA ;g cgqy Lojksa ls jfpr ^cgqykFkhZ dfork* gh yxrh gSA bldk fdlh Hkh rjg dk lkjka’khdj.k ,d rjg dk ,dsMfs ed O;k;ke gh yxrk gSA ;g le> dks lacksf/kr vkSj vFkZ lhfer dfork ughaa gSA ¼u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 41½A cgqy Lojksa ls jfpr cgqykFkhZ dfork ¼mn~/kj.k fpg~u vkSj js[kkadj.k esjk gS] iafDr izHkkr f=ikBh dh gS½ ^gh* yxrh gS] ,slk dgk gS] ^Hkh* yxrh gS] ,slk ughaa dgk gSA v¡/ksjs es*a dk u;k vkykspd u;k ikBd vkSj u;k vuqoknd Lej.k j[ks bl gh* dks ¼f=ikBh th] eSa ;gk¡ dksbZ vdknfed O;k;ke ugha djus okyk] u dj jgk gw¡] djus dh fgEer gh ugha½a A gk¡] bl ^gh* dks ysdj vkxs pysAa nsfjnk Hkh dgrs gSa fd lkfgR; esa tks lkfgfR;dRo ¼Literarity½ gksrk gS og blh cgqykFkZrk ls vkrk gSA lk=Z us lkfgR; dks ifjHkkf”kr djrs gq, vFkZ dh fofHkUu fn’kkvksa dks ladfs rr djuk crk;k gSA fdlh ikB ¼Text½ dk lkfgfR;d dysoj ;fn mls cgqykFkhZ ughaa cuk ikrk rks og ^lkfgR;* gh u gksxkA glZy ¼Husserl½ us blds fy, uks,esfVd LVªDpj ¼Noematic Structure½ dk fopkj nsrs gq, dgk gS fd ;gh lkfgR; dk vFkZ gS vkSj fln~/kkar HkhA nsfjnk us blhfy, lq>k;k gS fd fdlh lkfgfR;d —fr dks ^lkfgR;* dh n`f”V ls i<+us dk vFkZ Hkh ;gh gS] fd bls ,d lkfgfR;d —fr dh rjg i<+k tk,A ¼To read a text as a literary text½A dksbZ ikBd u rks fdlh ikB dk miHkksDrk gS] u og dksbZ VwfjLV n’kZd] rhFkZ;k=h ;k i;Zo{s kd gh gSA og fdlh O;fDr ;k laLFkk ls fu;qDr dksbZ fjlhoj ¼Receiver½ ughaa gSA og v¡/ksjs es*a ds ikl blfy, ughaa tkrk fd fdlh dksl*Z esa mls bls i<+dj dqN vad* izkIr djus gSAa ¼in Hkh fey ldrk gSA egkRek xkaèkh varjjk”Vªh; fganh fo’ofon~;ky;] o/kkZ ds fy, O;k[;krkvksa dh fu;qfDr gsrq izkjafHkd foKkiuksa esa ,d dfork nh xbZ Fkh ftldh O;k[;k djuk vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;k FkkA gj vH;FkhZ igys ;g tkuuk pkgrk Fkk fd ;g dfork gS fdldh] dchj] fon~;kifr] ds’ko ;k fdlh vksj dh\ dfo dks nsu u pgsa fonkbZ] iwNaS ds’kodh dforkbZ dh rtZ ij gh fon~;kfuokl us ;g igsyh cq>kus dks j[k NksMh+ FkhA ukeojksa ds uksVl ~ i<+dj ikl gq, fdrus gh uj iqxa o Qsy gks x, FksA eqfDrcks/k ps;j ¼ftls vaxt sz h ls fganh esa ykdj eqfDrcks/k ihB dgsxa ½s ij cSBdj gh ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds vFkZ mtkxj gksxa ]s ,slk Hkh ughaa gSA eq[; :i ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh vksj ,d dfork ize s h vkSj lkfgR; ize s h vkuan ds fy, tkrk gS] igsyh cq>kus ds fy, ughaAa fo[kaMu dk lgkjk Hkh og blhfy, ysrk gS fd mls bl —fr esa os vFkZ Nfo;k¡ n`f”Vxkspj gksa ftudh vksj vHkh rd fdlh dh n`f”V iM+h gh u FkhA Ýsp a esa nsfjnk blds fy, Plaisir vkSj Jouissance ¼;s nksuksa ‘kCn vaxt sz h esa vuqokn ds le; fHkUu vFkZ nsrs 192 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 192@^v¡

gSAa ½ ‘kCn nsrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd fo[kaMu gj ml ckj mifLFkr gksrk gS tc vkuan gksrk gSA ¼Every time there is ‘jouissance, there is deconstruction, Acts of Literature, i`- 56½A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh vkuan iznku djkus dh {kerk vkSj bgyksd okfl;ksa dks frfyLeh lalkj esa ys tkus dh rkdr] jl iznku djus] fj>kus vkSj ea=eqXèk djus dh ;ksX;rk dks Hkh ekuuk gksxk vkSj ;g Hkh ekuuk gksxk fd LysV iV~Vh ij [khaph xbZ ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh vk—fr@vk—fr;k¡ thou ls vkrh Hkh gSa vkSj thou dks Hkjekrh Hkh gS&a ftanxh ds--- @ dejksa esa v¡/ksjs@ yxkrk gS pDdj@ dksbZ ,d yxkrkj@ vkokt iSjksa dh nsrh gS lqukbZ@ ckj ckj--A ckj ckjA ;s iafDr;k¡ ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh izkjafHkd iafDr;k¡ gSa vkSj eSa ;g ekudj py jgk gw¡ fd fojke fpg~uksa lfgr ;g ikB Bhd&Bkd gSA eqfDrcks/k dh bl dfork dk igyk ‘kCn gS ^ftanxh* vkSj mlesa tqMk+ gS ^ds* ¼lac/a k cks/kd vO;;½A rRi’pkr gS rhu fcanq ¼dsna hz ; fganh O;kdj.k] iqLrd dh jpuk djus okyk eSa vkSj vusd oS;kdj.kksa dh laxr djus okyk xksiky ‘kekZ Hkh bu fcanv q ksa dh fganh ughaa dj ik;k] {kek djsAa ½ ;s rhu fcanq f=iqM a ] =SyksD; vkSj f=dky vkfn ds lwpd gks ldrs gSAa ¼Lej.k djsa oRlxks=h] ck.kHkV~V dh dknacjh & =;he;k;s f=xq.kkReus ue%½A bu rhu fcanv q ksa dk iz;ksx nsfjnk us Hkh fd;k gSA vkWQ xzkesVksyksth* ds ewy Ýsp a laLdj.k esa ,d v/;k; gS ^Ce dangereux supplement...*A blds vaxt sz h vuqokn esa Hkkjrh; ewy dh izkQ s l s j xk;=h pØorhZ fLiokd~ us rhu fcanq viuh vksj ls vkSj tksM+ fn, gSAa & ^...That Dangerous supplement...*A ;s tks rhu fcanq gSa vkSj ftUgsa vaxt sz h esa bfyfIlt+ ¼Ellipsis½ dgrs gS]a ;s crkrs gSa fd ;g oDrRo ;k in fdlh vis{kk—r cM+h VsDLV dk NksVk va’k gSA dqN NwV x;k gS] dqN fNik gS] dqN gS tks vudgk jg x;k gSA dguk u gksxk fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh izFke iafDr;ksa esa ;s rhu fcanq ;g ladr s nsrs gSa fd ^ftanxh* dh cM+h VsDLV dh ;g dfork ;k=k ,d vuqijw d ¼Supplement½ Hkj gSA ftanxh ftls ifjiw.kZ djus ds fy, dqN vuqij w d] tqMk+ o] lafèk] esy] lkeatL; tSlk pkfg,] og ;gk¡ miyC/k djk;k tk jgk gSA bl rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a ^ftanxh* uked vuojr pyus okys /kkjkokfgd dk ,d ^vad* ek= gSA ;g Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd v[kaM [kaMksa okys /kkjkokfgd dk ;g ,filksM gSA ;g dfork tks ,d lkFk gh vuqijw d Hkh gS vkSj vuqxkfeuh HkhA fojke fpg~uksa ds iz;ksx n~okjk u, vFkZ dh l`f”V djus okys eqfDrcksèk us bruh ckj foLe;cks/kd fpg~uksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS] dHkh&dHkh nks nks dk Hkh] fd foLe; gksrk gS] dHkh&dHkh nqgjk&frgjk HkhA bu rhu fcanv q ksa dk iz;ksx lhu ;k izdj.k cnyus ds fy, Hkh gS vkSj izlxa ifjorZu ds fy, Hkh fganh dk viuk fojke fPkg~u [kM+h ikbZ ¼k½ crk;k tkrk gSA ^[kkV [kM+h djuk* D;k gS og Hkh lc tkurs gSAa nsfjnk ;fn gksr]s ;k bu iafDr;ksa dk Ýsp a vuqokn i<+rs rks viuh —fr ^vkWQ xzkesVksyksth* ds izkjaHk esa ogk¡ mn~/k`r djrs tgk¡ mUgksu a s Exergue ‘kh”kZd ls rhu oDrO;ksa dks nsdj ^ys[ku* ds opZLo dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA nsfjnk dh rjg gh 193 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 193@^v¡

eqfDrcks/k Hkh ekurs gaS fd okd~* ughaa vfirq ys[ku* vk/kqfud lkekftd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] /kkfeZd vkSj iz’kklfud ppkZ esa vfHkO;fDr dk vis{kk—r vfèkd LFkk;h vkSj vljnkj ek/;e gSA ¼tc rksi eqdkfcy gks rks v[kckj fudkyks½A xka/kh th vkfn ys[ku esa ftrus izHkko’kkyh Fks] mrus oDrk dgk¡ Fks\ ^fy[kre~ ds vkxs oDre~* dh D;k vkSdkr ;gk¡ izpfyr dgkor jgh gSA pkgs Qkjlh gh lgh] ^i<+s fy[ks* dh dnz gksrh gh gSA eqfDrcks/k ^ys[ku* dh rkdr dks tkurs FksA ^dye dk flikgh* dks ckap pqds FksA oDrk Hkh xka/kh th ls gh Fks ¼uany w ky pksfV;k th us eqfDrcks/k ds ,d Hkk”k.k dks toku lkfgR;dkj dk o`n/~ k Hkk”k.k dgdj vkykspuk dh Fkh vkSj vkykspuk dh lQkbZ esa eqfDrcks/k us dgk Fkk & eSa vius ifjokj ds lk/kkj.k Hkj.k&iks”k.k vkSj mlds lkFk jgdj] ys[ku dk dk;Z tks ;gk¡ vkdj iwjk dj ik jgk gw¡ fQj mlls Hkh oafpr dj fn;k tkrk ns[ks]a u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 40½A ys[ku dk dk;Z vkSj mlls Hkh oafpr dj fn, tkus dk Hk; eqfDrcksèk dh dfork esa Hkh gS vkSj ukV~; esa HkhA ¼ftanxh us eq>s dHkh bruh lqfo/kk gh u nh fd eSa vius le; dk lqna j mi;ksx dj ldw¡ & dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj dh Hkwfedk½A ftanxh ls cM+h f’kdk;r jgh eqfDrcks/k dks & ^dksf’k’k djks* dgrs vo’; jgs ij ys[ku dk;Z dks gh ftanxh eku cSBk dfo vU;euLd Hkh jgrk gS vkSj vlaetl esa HkhA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh ‘kq:vkr esa gh & cfYd ;g dgsa fd izFke [kaM ds lekiu esa xaHkhj vkSj ‘kk;n [krjukd iz’uksa dks mBkus ds dkj.k ^eS*a dks tks ekSr dh ltk nh xbZ] og dksbZ ubZ ckr ughaAa lqdjkr ls pydj ;gh naM ys[ku dks feyk gS ¼tc fd cspkjs lqdjkr us rks dqN fy[kk Hkh u Fkk½A eqfDrcks/k us ;gk¡ ftl izdkj ys[ku esa iz;ksx fd, tkus okys fofHkUu fojke fpg~uksa ¼Lej.k jgs ;s lHkh fpg~u izk;% ik’pkR; ijaijk ls vk, gS½a dk iz;ksx djrs gq, dfo dks lwyh ij p<+kus dk ¼bZlk elhg gekjs ikiksa ds dkj.k lwyh ij p<+k, x,½ n``’; fp= izLrqr fd;k gS og vn~Hkqr gSA fny cSB tkrk gS] lUu gks tkrk gS efLr”d & fdlh dkys MS’k dh /kuh dkyh iV~Vh gh vk¡[kksa esa ca/k xbZ fdlh [kM+h ikbZ dh lwyh ij eSa Vk¡x fn;k x;k fdlh ‘kwU; fcanq ds vaf/k;kjsa [kM~Mas esa fxjk fn;k x;k eSa vpsru fLFkfr es!a vkpk;Z jkeLo:i prqonsZ h us bl in ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, dgk gS & ys[ku deZ ds fy, dfo vfHk’kIr gSA ;g jpuk deZ vfHk’kki gSA iwjh dfork esa dkE; fu;fr ds rkSj ij blh dh ryk’k gSA muds fy, ^dkek;uh* vkSj ^v¡/ksjs es*a gh ughaa vU; cM+h jpuk,¡ Hkh ^vfHk’kki vkSj fu;fr dh VdjkgV esa euq”; thou dh lPPkkbZ dh [kkst* dh dkeuk djrh jgh gSAa 194 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 194@^v¡

fdruh fofp= ckr gS vkSj dSlh foMacuk gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk izkjaHk ^ftanxh* ls gksrk gS vkSj izFke [kaM dk ekSr dh ltk lsA eS*a dks ekj fn;k x;k vkSj tks jg x;k og ^vpsru* gSA pw¡fd lai.w kZ dfork gh ftanxh dk {ksid vkSj vuqijw d gS vkSj bldk viuk dksbZ Lora= vfLrRo ughaAa blfy, ,slh jpuk lk;k cudj gekjs vfLrRo dk vax gks tk,xhA ;g vax Hkh gksxh vkSj ughaa HkhA u ;g gS vkSj u ;g ughaa gSA nsfjnk us ^LisDVlZ vkWQ ekDlZ* ¼93½ esa ,d u, ‘kkL= dk fuekZ.k djus dh vuq’kalk dh gS & lk;k’kkL= ¼Hauntology½A ;g dfork ^gk¡V* djrh gSA ipkl o”kkZas ls vk/kqfud dfork@ubZ dfork dh vuqijw d cudj ;g lk, ds leku lkFk lkFk gSA ubZ dfork dks le>uk rHkh iw.kZ gksxk tc ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks le>ksxAs le>s ekfyd! eSa ;s tks lc dqN fy[k jgk gw¡ og ewyr% ipkl o”kkZas ds eqfDrcks/k ikB ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa eSu a s nsfjnk vkSj muds fo[kaMu dk /kwi Nk¡gh p’ek yxkdj oDrRoksa dks vkSj vf/kd rst vkSj dq’kkxz n`f”V ls ns[kus dk miØe fd;k gSA ipkl o”kkZas ds eqfDrcks/k ikB esa vlyh rRo eqfDrcks/k gSA xksiky gks ;k xksiky uanuA ftl izdkj mifu”knksa dk nksX/kk cudj gh nqX/k ik;ktk ldrk gS oSls gh uhj {khj foosdh vkykspdksa us tks dqN ik;k mlesa ^xks* vFkkZr ^xk;* eqfDrcks/k vkSj mudh jpuk ^v¡/ksjs es*a gSA bl izdkj eSa lR; ls frgjh nwjh ij gw¡A ¼IysVks tSls ys[kd ,d feuV esa esjs ys[ku dks [kkfjt+ dj nsxa As ½ eqfDrcks/k dk ^dsoy ,d lR;* tyrk gqvk gSA ¼ns[ksa eqfDrcks/k dh dfork ^dsoy ,d lR;*½A eqfDrcks/k dk lR; & ipkl o”kZ dh vkykspuk dk lp & nsfjnk dk <ksxa djrs gq, fy[kk x;k ;g lpA ;g vkReHkRlZuk ;k vkReXykfu dk Loj ughaAa vkRekykspuk Hkh ughaAa ;g ,d ;qfDr gS vfHkO;fDr dh] ftls izk;% lHkh cM+s jpukdkj viukrs gSAa jkefoykl ‘kekZ eqfDrcks/k dh v¡/ksjs es*a dks i<+dj fy[krs gSa & vkReHkRlZuk dk ,slk iz[kj Loj fganh ds fdlh nwljs dfo dh jpukvksa esa lqukbZ ughaa nsrkA :lks viuh vkRedFkkRed —fr ^n daQ’as kl* esa fy[krs gaS & eSa Hkh lekt dks nwljksa dh rjg pkgrk ;fn eq>s viuh okd~dyk ij Hkjkslk gksrkA ys[ku dks vfHkO;fDr dk ek/;e cukdj vkSj mlds ihNs [kqn dks fNikdj eSu a s Bhd ogh fd;k gS tks eq> ij fQV cSBrk gSA ;fn eSa mifLFkr gksrk] dksbZ ughaa tkurk fd esjh vkSdkr D;k gksrh\ ¼vkWQ xzkesVksyksth] i`- 142 ij mn~/k`r½A ^ys[ku* okd~ dk vuqijw d gS] Bhd oSls gh tSls lkfgR; lekt dk vkSj ;g dfork ml dfork dh ftls thou Hkj eqfDrcks/k fy[krs jgs vkSj v/kwjh NksM+ x,A dfork [kRe ughaa gksrh] vkneh gksrk gSA blfy, ^eS*a [kaM ,d esa [kRe gqvk] dfork pyrh jghA ,d ckr ;gk¡ tksM+ nsuk vko’;d gS vkSj ;g blfy, Hkh vko’;d gS fd ftl vuqijw d ds fln~/kkar dks ge nsfjnk ls ysdj ¼nsfjnk us bls :lks ls fy;k 195 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 195@^v¡

Fkk½ eqfDrcks/k dh jpuk ^v¡/ksjs es*a ij ?kVk jgk gSa vkSj [kqn dks lR; ls frgjh nwjh ij crkrs gq, ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks ^ftanxh* dk vuqijw d ;k mudh dfork ;k=k dk vuqijw d dg jgs gS]a og Hkh ,d tyrk lR; gh gSA ;s rhu fcanq gesa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ls iwoZ Hkh vkSj i’pkr Hkh yxkus gksx&as ^---v/ksjs es-a --*A vFkkZr dfork ls iwoZ Hkh vuqijw d Fkk vkSj i’pkr HkhA lqifz ln~/k dfo] vkykspd vkSj laL—frdehZ v’kksd oktis;h eqfDrcks/k dh vk/kh v/kwjh dforkvksa ds ladyu esa Hkwfedk Lo:i fy[krs gSa & flrkjksa ds fVefVe vdsys esa gh dkyh dkyh ?kwy cls mtkys esa gh ;g v/kwjk va’k ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,d va’k dk iwokZH;kl yxrk gS & /kwi dk lkjk xje lwi rqe ih x, iRrksa ls pkV x, lkjh gok D;k fn;k eq>s dksbZ jpuk fcuk vuqijw d ds jph tk gh ughaa ldrhA iz[;kr dfo ikWy a oysjh dgrs gSa & mn~xe dk fopkj gh dkYifud gSA mn~xe LFky ij tkdj ns[kks mldk Hkh ,d vkSj mn~xe fn[kkbZ nsxkA eqfDrcks/k dgrs gSa & ughaa gksrh] dfork vukfn&vuar ;k=h gSA ,d ckr vkSj] eSa ^vuqijw d* dh ppkZ dks fojke nw¡ Hkh rks dSl\s ftls vki fojke ;k iw.kZ fojke dgrs gS]a og vxyh iafDr;ksa ds fy, izkjaHk gks tk,xkA vkius xkSj fd;k gksxk fd ^dfork dgk¡ laokn gS\* dh ppkZ tc ^v¡èksjs es*a dh izkjafHkd iafDr;ksa rd igq¡ph rks ^vuqijw d* dk vkjaHk gqvk vkSj mDr ^laokn* dk varA ^ftLe* ,d ds ckn fdrus ^ftLe* vkSj vkus okys gSAa ^xksyeky* ds igys Hkh ^xksyeky* Fkk vkSj ckn esa Hkh gSA rhrj ds nks vkxs rhrj dh igsyh gksrk ^vuqijw d* rks dksbZ ^MCck* Hkh cw> ysrkA vuqijw d ls vufHkKrk jpukdkj vkSj vkykspd ds fy, gh ughaa ikBd ds fy, Hkh vaèk&LFky gSA fganh ds miksn?~ kkr vkSj milagkj vuqijw d leFkZd gSAa ;gh fo[kaMu gS & We are (always) (still) to be invented’ ¼lkbds] i`- 61½A

iwokZxzg eqfDrcks/k dh bl dfork esa miU;kl@dgkuh@ukVd vkfn fo/kkvksa dh n[ky gSA ;g dfork gksrs gq, Hkh vk[;ku gS] vk[;ku ds lkFk dHkh O;k[;ku Hkh gks tkrh gS vkSj ;gh ughaa blesa dksbZ Louke/kU; dfo pkgs u vk;k gks] rkYLrkW; dk izo’s k djkdj dfo us viuh izkFkfedrk dh vksj ladr s vo’; dj fn;k gSA eqfDrcks/k ds fiz; ys[kd izk;% ;wjksi ds egku miU;kldkj gh FksA ckYt+kd] 196 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 196@^v¡

IykWc; s j] nkLrk;oLdh] xksdhZA johanu z kFk Bkdqj dh dfork o dFkk,¡ os ewy esa i<+rs FksA ‘kkW] bClu] cxZlkW] jlsy] ekWDlZ] xka/kh vkfn Hkh os i<+rs jgrs FksA ;gk¡ ge ppkZ ds dsna z esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks j[k jgs gSa ij eqfDrcksèk dk xn~; Hkh bl ppkZ dh ifjf/k esa vk, cxSj ughaa jg ldrkA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ukVd Hkh gks ldrk Fkk] miU;kl Hkh vksj yach dgkuh HkhA bls ukVdh; dfork] dFkk dfork@O;aX; vkSj u tkus D;k D;k dgk x;k gSA bl dfork dks i<+dj jkeLo:i prqonsZ h ikLrjukd ds miU;kl ^MkWftokxks* dk gokyk nsrs gSAa ujs’k esgrk dks nkLrks;oLdh dk fojknjku djektkso vkSj ukeoj flag dks tkWtZ vkoZy s dk ^1984* ;kn vk tkrk gSA ij buesa ls fdlh us bl ckr dks vkxs ughaa c<+k;kA lc bls egkdkO;kRed dfork dgrs gSAa mRrj vk/kqfud foe’kZ us ,d in pyk;k Fkk & Grand NarrativeA blh rtZ esa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dks ^dFkkRed dfork* D;ks u dgk tk,\ blesa dFkk lw= gS] blls badkj ughaa fd;k tk ldrkA ;gk¡ ^dkO;* gS ;g Jh deksc’s k lc ekurs gSAa D;ksa u bls ^lkfgR;* dh ml fo[kaMu n`f”V ls fud”kZ ij dlk tk, tks fo[kaMu ds tuU; tkWd nsfjnk us dk¶dk dh dgkuh Vor dem Gesetz [Before the Law] vFkkZr ^dkuwu ds lkeus* dk fo[kaMu djds gekjs le{k lksnkgj.k izLrqr dh FkhA 1982 esa fn, x, jkW;y fQykslksfQdy lkslkbVh ds O;k[;ku esa nsfjnk us bldk iz;ksx fn[kkdj ,d ubZ jkg vkykspdksa dks nh FkhA ipkl o”kZ iwoZ ^v¡/ksjs es*a fdl izdkj ls ubZ dfork ds dsna z esa vkbZA tks dfork igys nwljs ikB esa ^dfo dh terh* izrhr u gks jgh Fkh og vaxn ds ik¡o lh dSls te xbZ\ iz’u ;g Hkh gS fd ;g —fr fdu vFkkZas esa lkfgfR;d gS\ vkSj D;ksa bls ^jktuhfr ls izfs jr* dg [kkfjt ughaa fd;k tk ldk tSls mudh ,d iqLrd dj nh xbZ FkhA lksfp,] lksfp,A

v¡/ksjs esa eSu a as Hkh viuh VSDLV dk ‘kh”kZd v¡/ksjs es*a j[kk gSA dkWihjkbV ,DV ds rgr Hkh ;g dksbZ xqukg ughaa gSA ipkl o”kZ esa rks ‘kk;n dbZ ns’kksa esa lkfgfR;d —fr;k¡ tu&jo ¼Public domain½ esa vk tkrh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ‘kh”kZd i<+rs gh vkids eu esa ml dfork dh Nfo cuh gksxh tks ^ftanxh ds* ls ‘kq: gksdj ^vkRelaHkok* ij [kRe gksrh gSA eSa bl vkys[k dk ‘kh”kZd ^va/ksjs es*a j[k jgk g¡w D;ksfa d eSa ^v¡èksjs es*a gw¡A eSa dfo eqfDrcks/k ls {kek ;kpuk lfgr dqN fy[kus ughaa tk jgk gw¡ ¼tSlk dqN ys[kd fd;k Hkh djrs gS½a ] u mUgsa bl ‘kh”kZd ls mn~/k`r dj jgk gw¡A bu ‘kCnksa ij lcdk gd gSA vkidks ;g le>us dk gd gS fd dgha eSa flj fQjk] iwokZxgz ;qDr ¼Prejudiced½ dhV fØfVd rks ughaA nwljksa dk gd ekjus ;k gfFk;kus dk vknh rks ugha\a eSa vkidks ;dhu fnykrk gw¡ fd eSa ,slk dqN Hkh ughaa djus okykA eSu a s 197 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 197@^v¡

igys gh ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks vkfn ls var rd mn~/k`r dj fn;k gSA eqfDrcksèk dk uke Hkh ys fn;k gSA vki dgsa rks —“.k cynso oSn ds n~okjk vuqfnr —fr In the Dark [2001]* dk uke Hkh ys nw¡\ vaxt sz h esa tkrs gh nks ‘kCnksa ds rhu gks x,] t; gksA vkils :&c&: gksdj eSu a s ;g le> fy;k gS fd vki Kkuh gSa vkSj eq>s vk’kk gh ughaa iw.kZ fo’okl gS fd vki eq>s vkSj vf/kd v¡/ksjs esa u jgus nsus dks rRij gSAa eSa vc vkids le{k dqN NksVh eksVh iwo&Z LFkkiuk,¡ j[kuk pkgw¡xk vkSj eq>s fo’okl gS fd ge yksx mu ij izFke n`“V;k lger gksrs pysxa As pkgs ckn esa vki ;k eSa bu LFkkiukvksa ls eqdjus dh lkspus yxsa fdarq izkjaHk esa vki —i;k ;g ekudj pysAa tSls ‘kks/k esa izkDdYiuk ¼Hypothesis½ gksrh gS oSls gh Hkk”kkfoKku ds izxs esfVDl esa ;s izhliksft’ku ¼Presupposition½ gksrh gSA igyh iwoLZ Fkkiuk gS fd ftl VSDLV dk eSu a s vHkh mYys[k fd;k] ml VSDLV dh viuh ,d igpku] ,dkxzrk vkSj la?kVu ¼Identity, Singularity and Unity½ gSA ge vkSj vki bls ,d iwoi Z nz Rr oLrq ekus vkSj ;g Hkh eku ysa fd ;g VsDLV vius vki esa vfody ikB gSA bldk ,d izkjaHk gS & ftanxh eas vkSj ,d lqfopkfjr var gS & vkRelaHkok ;g Hkh ge ekurs gSa fd ;g VsDLV vius vki esa vfn~orh; gS vkSj bldk dksbZ lkuh ughaAa blls iwoZ tc ;g VSDLV vfLrRo esa ughaa vkbZ Fkh rks bldh dksbZ igyh ijaijk Hkh u Fkh] tSls jkek;.k ¼jkepfjr ekul½ ls iwoZ jkek;.k dh ijaijk gks ldrh gSA vki ;g Hkh ekurs gks fd ;g —fr ewyr% fganh Hkk”kk vkSj nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[kh xbZ Fkh vkSj blds vU; Hkk”kkvksa esa vuqokn ys[kdh; vuqefr ;k xSj vuqefr ds gSa vkSj os ewy ij vk/kkfjr vuqokn ek= gSAa vki vkSj ge ;s Hkh ekurs gSa fd fganh lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa iz;ksxokn ds iqjks/kk lfPpnkuan ghjkuan okRL;k;u vKs; us rkj lIrd ds izFke Hkkx esa xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k dh jpuk,¡ j[kdj mUgsa iz;ksxoknh dfo;ksa esa ‘kqekj fd;k FkkA ubZ dfork ds dsna z esa Hkh eqfDrcks/k gSa ;g vki ekurs gSAa gekjh nwljh vkSj vfr egRoiw.kZ LFkkiuk gS fd bl ikB ;k VSDLV dk ,d jpukdkj ¼author½ gSA ;g jpuk gesa vKkr dfo ls izkIr ughaa gqbZ gSA bl jpukdkj dfo dk tUe LFkku] tUe frfFk] thouh vkSj e`R;q vkfn ds ckjs esa gesa izkekf.kd tkudkjh gSA vFkkZr bl —fr ds —frdkj dk vfLrRo dkYifud ughaa gSA ml izdkj dkYifud ughaa gS tSls bl dfork esa vk, pfj= gSAa dfork ds xkaèkh] fryd] rkWyLrk; vkSj ;k Mksekth mLrkn vkfn ik= dfo dh dYiuk ls mRiUu gSa vkSj os oLrqr% fdUgha thfor ;k e`r ;k dkYifud pfj=ksa dh Nk;k ek= gS]a fdarq ,slk eqfDrcks/k ds ckjs esa ughaa dgk tk ldrkA os iw.kZr% gSAa ;s lc ckrsa vkidks cgqr cpdkuh yx jgh gksxa hA ij 'kqDy th ds bfrgkl ds iUus iyVrs gh vkidks irk py tk,xk fd fdl ckjhdh ls lkfgR;sfrgkl ys[kd —frdkj ds 198 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 198@^v¡

tUe LFkku] o.kZ] tkfr] dqy] xks= vkfn dk mYys[k djrk gSA nfyr jpukdkj dks nfyr u fy[kuk ledkyhu bfrgkldkjksa dks egaxk iM+ tkrk gSA ohjxkFkk dky dh dbZ jpukvksa ij ys[kdh; nkosnkjh vc rd r; ughaa gks ikbZ gSA dbZ jpukvksa dh [kafMr izfr;k¡ feyrh gS]a dbZ jpukdkj vius in@nksgks@ a ys[ku esa viuk uke Mky nsrs gSAa dbZ nksgs dchj ds uke ls pys vkrs gSa ij dchj xzFa kkoyh esa mudk laKku Hkh ughaa fy;k tkrkA ize s pan dk vlyh uke uokc jk; Fkk ;k /kuir jk; ;k eq'a kh lnklq[k yky vkSj mnwZ esa ;s fdl uke ls fy[krs Fks\ ,sls cM+s yxus okys NksVs NksVs iz'u eqfDrcks/k ds thou ds fo"k; esa ughaa D;ksfa d muds thouhdkjksa us lc dqN fy[k NksMk+ gSA fdaonarh dqN ughaa gSA gekjh rhljh LFkkiuk ;k iwoZ LFkkiuk ;g gS fd dfork esa of.kZr ?kVuk,¡ vkSj lhu ,d izdkj dk ?kVukØe ughaa cukrs vfirq dqN ?kVukvksa dk fooj.k nsrs gq, ;gk¡ ,d var rd igqp ¡ k x;k gSA vkB [kaMk+ as esa dfork dks foHkkftr djds j[kk x;k gSA oSls rks bl dfork esa dFkk izokg gS] ?kVuk,¡ gS]a fopkj foe’kZ] fu”d”kZ] fVIi.kh vkSj vkRefparu Hkh pyrk gS fdarq ;g fdlh dgkuh ;k dky dk f’kYi ughaa yxrkA rqdkar iafDr;k¡] vkyadkfjd Hkk”kk vkfn ls Li”V gks tkrk gS fd bl jpuk dh fo/kk D;k gSA ukVdh;rk gksus ij Hkh ;g ukVd ugha]a dFkkRedrk gksus ij Hkh ;g dFkk ugha\a Hkk”kk dh lgtrk] likV c;kuh] laL—rxfHkZr ‘kCnkoyh dk vHkko] vux<+rk vkfn dk ;= r= ladr s gksus ij Hkh ;g dfork dfork ds f’kYi esa gS] dfork gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd bl eqnn~ s ij eq>s vkils vihy djus dh vko’;drk ughaa fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ikB ¼Text½ dkO;kRed gS] ;g ^dfork* gSA fganh dh vkSlru dforkvksa esa iafDr;ksa dh x.kuk dks ;fn vk/kkj ekuk tk, rks ;g vis{kk—r yach dfork gSA vki lksp jgs gksxa as fd eSa ;s D;k dj jgk gw¡A bruh NksVh NksVh ckrksa dks fy[kdj vkidk le; cckZn dj jgk gw¡A ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds dkO;Ro ij fdls langs gksxk\ ckr bruh lh ughaa gSA o”kkZas igys eS]a izkQ s l s j _”kHknso ‘kekZ vkSj MkW- dfork okpDuoh gSnjkckn esa lM+d ikj dj jgs FksA VSªfQd cgqr FkkA dfork th lUu ls fudy xbZA izkQ s l s j lkgc chp esa jg x, vkSj eSa lM+d ds fdukjs gh [kM+k jg x;kA esjs eq[k ls vuk;kl gh fudy iM+k ^dfork ds vfojy izokg lk VªfS Qd tkrkA eSa efrean fdukjs gh jg tkrkA* bu dkO; iafDr;ksa dks esjs eq[kkjfoan ls db;ksa us lquk ij êk fu”kkn~* okyh ?kVuk u cuhA geesa ls fdlh dks fdlh us fdlh ôkn* ds >aMs+ ds uhps u j[kkA fyVjspj rks nwj dh ckr gS fyVj pjus Hkh u fn;k x;kA tSls f[kykfM+;ksa dks [kkstus ds fy, ljdkj iz;Ru djrh gS] lkfgR; ys[kdksa dks ughaAa egkohj dk izlkn feys rks dksbZ lgt laHkkO; :i ls dfo cu tk, ojuk laHkkoukvksa dk dfo cu dj jg tkrk gSA Jhdkar oekZ fy[krs gSa & êqfDrcks/k bl ;qx ds lcls vfiz; dfo* gSAa ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa ;g iwoLZ Fkkiuk curh gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk dkO;Ro ,d lkfgfR;d ?kVuk gS vkSj Hkh dbZ jpuk,¡ gksxa h 199 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 199@^v¡

tks v¡/ksjs esa gSa vkSj jgsxhaA vkSj Hkh dbZ jpukdkj gSa ftUgksu a s v¡/ksjs ds flok; dqN vkSj ns[kk gh ughaAa eqfDrcksèk us de ls de v¡/ksjs esa [kkstus ds fy, dksf’k’k rks dh] ckr ;g egRoiw.kZ gSA ,d ?kVuk Øe ns[ksa ftldk o.kZu&fooj.k v’kksd oktis;h us fn;k gS& • eqfDrcks/k dqN dfork izfs e;ksa dks ,d dfork lqukrs gSa & lu~ 1959 dfork jgL;dFkk Fkh vkSj vardZFkk Hkh( og dfork Fkh vkSj dFkk HkhA cfYd vius jat s esa ,d NksVk miU;kl HkhA • dqN dfork ize s h dfork if=dk fudkyus dh ;kstuk cukrs gSa & 1964 igys vad esa eqfDrcks/k dh dksbZ jpuk vo’; tk, eqfDrcks/k us tks yach dfork Vkbi dh gqbZ Hksth] mldk ‘kh”kZd Fkk ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a A • eqfDrcks/k chekj gks tkrs gSa & i{kk?kkrA dfork gSnkjkckn dh ^dYiuk* esa Hksth xbZA • dfo dh flracj esa e`R;qA dfork dk uoacj esa izdk’ku 1964A • dfork@dfo dh ipkloha cjlh & ^u;k Kkuksn;* lfgr vusd if=dkvksa esa fo’ks”kkad] xksf”B;k¡] iqLrdsa vkfn vkfn & 2014A nsfjnk ^lkfgR;* dks ^lkfgR;* ekuus ds lanHkZ esa dqN iz’u djrs gSa ¼vkSj Lej.k jgsa & vaxt sz h ds izfln~/k ‘kksd xhr ¼Gray’s Elegy½ esa ;gh foyki gS fd vusd lkfgR;dkj vuke ej tkrs gS]a vusd —fr;k¡ dky ds xky esa lnk ds fy, lek tkrh gS½a A ,slk D;k gS tks ;g fu.kZ; djrk gS fd veqd —fr lkfgR; dgykus ;ksX; gSA D;ksa v¡/ksjs es*a lkfgfR;d —fr gks xbZ\ dkSu fu.kZ; djrk gS\ dkSu crkrk gS\ D;k ekunaM gS\ D;ksa HkbZ D;ks\a ¼’Who decides, who judges, and according to what criteria, that this relation belongs to literature, Acts of Literature, Page. 187½A

eSa ;gk¡ Li”V dj nw¡ fd nsfjnk n~okjk mBk, x, ;s iz’u vkSj v¡/ksjs es*a ds lanHkZ esa iwNs x, loky dk dksbZ mRrj esjs ikl ughaa gSA dksbZ mRrj gh ughaa gSA vkSj ;fn mRrj gS rks muds ikl gks ldrk gS ftuds ukeksa dks eSa bl lkjs miØe esa iz;ksx djrk jgk gw¡] mi;ksx djrk jgw¡xkA ftuds ukeksa vkSj —frRo ls ,d lanHkZ xzFa k lwph cusxhA ftuds uke ukekuqØef.kdk ¼Index½ esa tkrs gSAa ^lkfgR;* dh ifjHkk”kk pkgs tks gks] ^dfork* fo/kk ls pkgs tks cksèk gksrk gks] dksbZ ‘kfDr gS tks bl ntZs esa izo’s k ls jksdrh gSA esjh ;g bPNk gS fd nsfjnk ds bu iz’uksa dks pkgs eSa Hkh vuqRrfjr NksM+ nw¡ fdarq eSa Hkh rks tku yw¡ fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa vkf[kj gS D;k tks ;g dkyt;h lkfgfR;d —fr gS] Dykfld —fr gS] ubZ dfork dh pje miyfC/k gSA gks ldrk gS] vki tkurs gksa fd ;g vuqie —fr gSA lkfgR; fganh lkfgR;kdk’k dh ef.k gS & fo’o lkfgR; esa j[kus ;ksX; gSA ij D;k vki bl urhts ij Lo;a igq¡ps gSa ;k vkykspukRed ys[ku i<+dj\ ^v¡/ksjs es*a ‘kh”kZd dks ysdj tc esjh mRdaBk pje ij igq¡p xbZ rks eSu a as bl ‘kCn dks xwxykfiZr fd;kA ogk¡ tks mRrj feyk] mls ns[kdj] lqudj Hkh] eq>s 200 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 200@^v¡

vokd~ jguk iM+k & v¡/ksjs esa tks cSBs gSa tjk mu ij ut+j Mkyks* ;g egsna z diwj n~okjk xk;k x;k xhr gS ftls eqfDrcks/k dh dfork ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds lkFk xwxy lpZ batu esa i`”B ‘ks;j djrs gq, vki Hkh ns[k ldrs gSAa fdarq bl fQYeh xhr dks u lkfgR; vki ekusxa s vkSj u blds jpukdkj dks dfo dk ntkZ fn;k tkuk vkidh n`f”V ls mi;qDr gksxk ¼ij D;k vki ;g nkos ds lkFk dg ldrs gS\a ½ ^v¡/ksjs esa vk’kadk ds n~ohi*] ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi % v¡/ksjs es*a ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a vkSj@;k ^v¡/ksjs es*a bu pkj ‘kh”kZdksa esa ls varrksxRok tks ‘kh”kZd bl dfork dks vc izkIr gS]a og ‘kh”kZd tks vaxt sz h esa tkdj In the Dark* gks tkrk gS] og ‘kh”kZd tks vFkZxfHkZr gS] xw<+ gS] ftldks vki ^re* ls Hkh tksM+ ldrs gSa vkSj ^rel* ls HkhA ¼dfo us bl jpuk dk ‘kh”kZd vfuokj ^vfHkO;fDr* ;k ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<k+ gS* dh rtZ ij ^Lo.kZ o.kZ eq[k eSyk* D;ksa u :[k fn;k\½ dfo eqfDrcks/k us bldk ‘kh”kZd ^v¡/ksjs es*a j[kk D;ksfa d ;g v¡/ksjs esa ls ,d ^iznhIr T;ksfr* dh vksj tkus dk miØe gS] D;ksfa d ;gk¡ ftanxh esa va/ksjksa vkSj mlds QyLo:i mHkjs nq%LoIuksa dh fryLeh Hk;kogrk ls ckgj vkus dh tn~nkstgn gS] D;ksfa d gekjh ijaijk esa re ls T;ksfr dh vksj tkus dh dkeuk dk egfr y{; ekuo ek= ds fy, bafxr fd;k x;k gS ¼relks ek T;ksfrZxe;½ blfy,! vkSj tc eSa bl ‘kh”kZd dks mn~/kj.k fpg~uksa ds chp bl izdkj latksrk gw¡ & ^v¡/ksjs es*a rks ;g bl dfork dk ‘kh”kZd cu tkrk gS] ‘kh”kZ ij j[krk gS jpukdkj —fr ds ‘kh”kZd dksA rHkh rks mldk tknw lj p<+dj cksyrk gSA bruh dk¡V&Nk¡V] drj&C;ksr a djrk gS ftlls eksMh+ cUus ds ekFks ij QcsA lkjs cjkrh rkjksa ls peds] pank lk ped jgk esjk cuk*A ¼b/kj eqfDrcks/k dh dqN vizdkf’kr jpuk,¡ izdkf’kr gqbZ gSAa vf/kdk¡’k dforkvksa ds ‘kh”kZd izHkkr f=ikBh us dforkvksa ls pqudj fn, gSAa Li”V gS fd jpukdkj ‘kh”kZd dk ^pquko* djrk gSA ukedj.k dh rjg ;g uke Hkk”kk esa miyC/k ukeksa esa ls gksrk gS] ij —fr ds ‘kh”kZ ij igq¡p dj mldh igpku cu tkus esa mls vf/kd nsj ughaa yxrh½A ‘kh”kZd ,d uke gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk iz;ksx ;fn vU;= fd;k tk, rks og ckr u gksxhA ;fn dksbZ dgsa & vkius vius vkxeu dh iwoZ lwpuk u nsdj eq>s v¡/ksjs esa j[kkA pkgs ;g okD; izk-s viwokZuna ] MkW- ukeoj flag ls gh D;ksa u dgs]a mudk ladr s ^v¡èksjs es*a u gksxkA ogh tks xwt a rk gS] ru cnu esa iSB a rk gS] fp= dh rjg nedrk gS] og gS ftls ltkdj fy[kk tkrk gS] ‘kh”kZ ij j[kk tkrk gS & v¡/ksjs es*a gSA ij tgk¡ tgk¡ Hkh ;g in dfork ds dysoj esa vkrk gS ogk¡ ogk¡ vfHk/kkFkZ nsrk gSA ns[ks&a dejksa esa v¡/ksjs yxkrk gS pDdj@ lc rjQ va/ksjk@ eq>dks ;ksa v¡/ksjas esa idM+dj@ vk/kh jkr] brus v¡/ksjs es]a dkSu vk;k feyus\ @ Hk;kud [kM~Ms ds v¡/ksjs esa vkgr@ mBus nks v¡/ksjs esa /ofu;ksa ds cqycqy@ s v¡/ksjs esa eSa iM+k jgw¡xkA @ v¡/ksjs ds vksj&Nksj VVksy VVksydj@ fny esa rM+irk gS v¡/ksjs dk vankt@ lnZ va/ksjkA @ fuLrC/k uxj ds e/;&jkf= v¡/ksjs esa lqulku@ vk/kh jkr & v¡/ksjs esa mlus@ v¡/ksjs esa xy jgk fny ;g@ v¡/ksjs esa Mwc x, @ v¡/ksjs esa irk ughaa 201 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 201@^v¡

pyrk@ v¡/ksjs esa Mwcs edkuksa ds NIijksa ds ikj ls@ v¡/ksjs dh L;kgh esa Mwcs gq, nso@ brus esa ikrk gw¡ v¡/ksjs esa lglk@ v¡/ksjs dh lqjxa xfy;ksa esa pqipki@ c<+ jgs yksx v¡/ksjs esa lksRlkg@ xfy;ksa ds v¡/ksjs esa eSa Hkkx jgk gw¡A izHkkr f=ikBh ljh[ks fon~oku dks ;s iafDr;k¡ ns nw¡ rks D;k bldk ‘kh”kZd Hkh ^v¡/ksjs es*a gh gksxk\ ;gh og Hkko gS tks bu nks ‘kCnksa dks ‘kh”kZd ds :i esa ikdj vHkko dks nwj djrk gS vkSj gekjh Hkkouk ikrs gh vfHk/kkFkZ vusd vFkkZas dh O;atuk djus yxrk gSA jpukdkj ds ukedj.k ds mijkar vkSj jpuk dh igpku curs gh ;g in ^lkfgR;* gks tkrk gSA dksbZ iqLrdky; deZpkjh bl —fr&iqLrd dks ns[kdj lgt gh lkfgR; dh vyekjh esa Mky nsxkA eqfDrcksèk xtkuu ek/ko % v¡/ ksjs eaAas lkfgR; dh vyekjh oSls Hkh lnk ls —fr;ksa ds fy, Lokxr dh eqnkz esa jgh gSA ftl vyekjh dks ns[kdj ,e-,e- ck[kfru us dgk Fkk fd bldk foHkktu dksbZ vkdk’k ls gksdj ughaa vkrkA lkfgR; og gS tks gekjs fy, lkfgR; gSA bl tx esa IysVks dks ukVddkj vkSj gksej dks bfrgkldkj ekuk x;k gSA Hkkjr esa rks lkfgR; dh ifjHkk”kk vHkh rd iwjh rjg ls r; gh ughaa gks ikbZ yxrh gSA lkfgfR;d foe’kZ ds ledkyhu gLrk{kj Vsjh bZxyVu us dgk gS fd lkfgR; ,d ikS/kk gS] fdlh ds fy, og [kjirokj gS fdlh ds fy, iq”i vkSj fdlh ds fy, HkkstuA ¼Literature is like ‘weed’ one person’s pest is anothers flower and yet another’s dinner½A eqfDrcks/k dk lkfgR; fo’o lkfgR; dkuu esa ,d fujkin HkVdVS;k dk Qwy gS & dksey] ikjn’khZ] LFkk;h vkSj vuks[ks :i esa n`<A+ v¡/ksjs es*a ‘ke’ksj ds fy, gh ugha]a lc ds fy, ,d ,slh LFkk;h vkSj vuks[kh dfork gS tks dHkh u eqj>k,xhA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ikB tgk¡ vius ikBd ds fy, n~okj [kksyrk gS] ogk¡ ^ftanxh* dk u, :i esa n`’; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ,d Hkwy&Hkqy; S k gS] fryLeh [kksg gS vkSj gS xgu jgL;e; va/kdkj tgk¡ gS dksbZ vfuokj tks lqukbZ nsrk gS ij fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrkA ¼fQYe ^egy* & vk,xk vk,xk vkus okyk½ vkSj tc iVk{ksi gksrk gS rks Hkh ;g vfuokj fQj [kks x;k yxrk gS ftls ^eS*a rc Hkh [kkstus ds fy, vfHk’kIr gSA dfo VSDLV dh ^bfr* nsrk gS ij ^bfr* gksrh ughaa gSA u VSDLV dk vkjaHk vkjaHk ls gqvk Fkk] u var var dh vksj ys tkrk gSA tks gksrk gS bl ^ftanxh vkRelaHkok* ds chp og nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa fMQjsl a gS & ,d varghu fMQjsl a ¼‘e’ okyk ughaa ‘a’ okyk½ & bl ‘kCn ds eSa fgTts dj nw¡ & DIFFERANCEA tks gS cl ;gh gSA ;g og gS tks fy[kk gksus ls gh vius vfLrRo dk cks/k djkrk gS fd og izpfyr difference ls fHkUu gS D;ksfa d mPpkj.k nksuksa dk ,d gh gSA ;g ej?kV dh ‘kkfUr lk pqipki jgrk gSA vki ,d ikBd dh rjg ftl izdkj vk, Fks mlh izdkj fonk ysAa ;g —fr dk ewy ikB gSA blesa dqN NksMu + k ;k tksMu + k euk gS] xSj dkuwuh gSA pkgs ;g VSDLV fdlh y{; rd ughaa tkrh fn[kkbZ nsrh ij blesa dksbZ dqN tksMd + j dksbZ 202 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 202@^v¡

cnyko ughaa dj ldrkA ;g fojklr gS ij blesa eqfDrcks/k dk iq= Hkh dksbZ iafDr tksM+ ughaa ldrkA bl —fr dks u [kafMr fd;k tk ldrk gS u bldk uke cnyk tk ldrk gSA bldk :i ¼Form½ ;gh jgsxk pkgs dksbZ bls fdruh ckj Hkh izdkf’kr djsA ^dksbZ oSn* ;fn bls fdlh vU; :i esa izLrqr djsxk] vuqokn djsxk] rks vuqokn leh{kd fdlh ‘kCn ;k okD; dks euekus <ax ls rksMu + &s ejksMu + s ij QVdkj yxk ldrk gSA langs izdV dj ldrk gSA Hkkjr dh gh ugha]a vaxt sz h lfgr fo’o dh vU;k; Hkk”kkvksa esa Hkh vuqokn gksa rks Hkh ^v¡/ksjs es*a ^v¡/ksjs es*a gh jgsxhA vuqi;qDr gks ;k Js”B] vuqokn dks ewy ds le{k is’k gksuk gh gksxk D;ksfa d ogh vk/kkj gS] ikbaV vkWQ jsQjsl a gSA ¼ns[ksa v’kksd oktis;h —“.k cynso oSn ds vuqokn ij D;k dgrs gSa & ,d iBuh; vkSj lai”sz k.kh; dfork vaxt sz h esa cu xbZ gSA½ iBuh; gksrs gq, Hkh vaxt sz h ikBd dks tks izkIr gksxk og dfork dgk¡ vuqokn gksxkA nsfjnk ds ‘kCnksa esa dgsa rks ^v¡èksjs es*a iqdkj iqdkj dj dg jgh gS& A text lives only if it lives on, and it lives on if it is at once translatable and untranslatable ... totally translatable, it disappears as a text, as writing, as a body of language. Totally untranslable, even with in what is believed to be one language, it dies immediately. [Living on/Borderlines, 102-103]

tks iz’u geus mBk;k Fkk mldk mRrj Hkh ;gk¡ gSA dksbZ —fr lkfgR; gS] rHkh lkfgR; gS tc og vuqokn ;ksX; rks gks gh] vuqokn djuk vlaHko Hkh gksA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ;fn lkfgR; gS] lkfgfR;d —fr gS rks og bl xq.k ls ;qDr gSA vuqokn dh ckr nwj dh gS LVsQu ghFk ^ekWMuZ fyVjsjh F;kSjh* ¼Stephen Heath: Modern Literary Theory½ esa dgrs gSa fd nsfjnk vkSj ,Q-vkj-yhfol ¼F.R.Leavis½ nksuksa dk ;g vfoHkkT; er gS fd lkfgR; og rkdr gS tks gj izdkj ds foe’kZ ds izfr vojks/k vkSj vfr’k;rk dk Hkko j[krh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ikj ughaa ik;k tk ldrk] ;fn ik;k tk ldrk rks og ^v¡/ksjs es*a u gksrhA ;g vuqokn u foe’kZ nksuksa ls ijs gSA ,d in vkSj Hkh nsfjnk dks fiz; gS vkSj ftls mUgksu a s laL—r ls fy;k gSA brj* laL—r esa vU; ;k nwljk ds fy, iz;ksx gqvk gSA ¼mifu”kn~ esa dbZ ckj vk;k gS & uks brjkf.kA½ vaxt sz h esa blh ls cuk gS & Reiterate vFkkZr iqu% dFku & fQj ls dguk] nqgjkukA vFkkZr izR;sd brj.k iqu% dFku gSA nsfjnk dk ‘kCn gS & brjsfcfyVh ¼Iterability½ ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds izlxa ls ;g Li”V djuk pkgw¡xk fd dbZ i=ksa ds ckn mRrj esa vR;ar ladksp ds lkFk eqfDrcks/k us tks yach dfork Vkbi dh gqbZ Hksth] mldk ‘kh”kZd Fkk ^vk’kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs es*a dfork ds lkFk tks i= Fkk mlesa bldk gYdk lk ftØ Fkk fd mUgsa i{kk?kkr gks x;k gSA ^mu fnuksa iz;kx ‘kqDy ^dYiuk* ds laiknd eaMy esa Fks vkSj mUgsa ;g dfork tYnh Nkius dk yxHkx vuqu; djrs eSu a s ;g dfork mUgsa HksthA ckn esa ;g dfork mlds 1964 ds uoacj vad esa 203 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 203@^v¡

izdkf’kr gqbAZ rc rd eqfDrcks/k dh flracj 1964 esa e`R;q gks pqdh FkhA* ¼v’kksd oktis;h] ^v¡/ksjs es*a ;kn djrs gq,½A ;gk¡ tks eqnn~ k ;k iz’u gS og fdlh —fr dh lajpuk esa mifLFkr iqujRo dk gSA ¼Structure of repeatability or iterability½A ;g nsfjnk ds vuqlkj laHko gksuk pkfg,] fd dksbZ ladr s ;k fpg~u iqujRo&brjRo xq.k;qDr gks vFkkZr —frdkj dh e`R;q ds i’pkr Hkh iBuh; cuk jgsA ;g cgqr laHko gS fd eSa bl vkys[k ds izdk’ku ls iwoZ gh ej tkÅ¡ ij blls vki bl vkys[k dks i<+us ls oafpr u jg ik,¡xAs ejgwe dyedkj dh jpuk ls dksbZ ikBd eg:e ughaa jg ldrk flQZ blfy, fd mlds ys[ku esa brjRo dk rRo ekStnw gSA eqfDrcks/k ejs] jpuk ughaAa eqfDrcks/k vc n’kZuh; ugha]a jpuk lnk iBuh; jgsxhA e`R;q* bl laHkkouk dk nwljk uke gks rks gks ¼rHkh rks eqfDrcks/k dh e`R;q ds i’pkr o”kkZis jkUr Hkh mudh vizdkf’kr dfork,¡] vc rd vuqiyC/k vkSj vizkIr dfork,¡ vFkZoku gSAa tc eqfDrcks/k us mUgsa fy[kk gksxk rc os orZeku Fks vkSj ml orZeku ds ckn Hkfo”; esa os ughaa jgs fdarq muds ml orZeku dh jpuk,a tks vc vrhr gks x;k gS bl orZeku esa Hkh vkSj Hkfo”; esa Hkh brjRo ds xq.k ds dkj.k dkykrhr jgsxa hA ;g Hkkouk dchj ds eS*a u e:a efjgs lalkj ls Hkh ,d ix vkxs uki jgh gS] uk\½ To write is to produce a mark ... which my future disappearance will not in principle, binder in its functioning... for a writing to be a writing it must continue to ask’ and to be readable even when what is called the author of the writing no longer answers for what he has written text, basically the same as the reader. [Signature event context, page 73)

bl thfor mifLFkfr ¼Living Presence½ dks iafMrksa us ;’kdk; dgdj of.kZr fd;k gS & t;afr rs lq—fruks jlfln~/kk dfo’ojk%@ ukfLr rs”kka ;’k% dk;s tjk ej.katHk;aAA ;gk¡ vkdj ikBd vkSj —frdkj leku :i gks tkrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k dks Hkh v¡/ksjs esa i<+uk gksxk rks mUgsa Hkh esjs lkFk cSBdj blds cnyrs vk’k;ks]a ubZ izklafxdrkvks]a fof’k”V jktuSfrd&oSf’od] vkfFkZd] lkekftd] /kkfeZd] vèkkfeZd] /keZfujis{k] lfg”.kq&vlfg”.kq] vkradh&vukradh] ekDlZoknh] vekDlZoknh] vkfn vkfn dks Lej.k j[krs gq, ikB esa iSBuk gksxkA ^v¡/ksjs esa % ,d iqufoZpkj* eqfDrcks/k Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa vkSj dksbZ vU; HkhA gekjs ;gk¡ dgkor gSa le>nkj dks b’kkjk gh dkQh gksrk gS] FkksMs+ fy[ks dks T;knk le>ukA nsfjnk dgrs gSa & I wink at someone while listening to my favourite music vkSj ;g vk¡[k dk QM+dkuk] vk¡[kksa gh vk¡[kksa esa b’kkjk dj ckr dks cksyus dh tger fn, cxSj gh cqyok nsuk eqfDrcksèk dh Hkh fo’ks”krk gS & pkgs tgk¡] pkgs ftl le; mifLFkr]@ pkgs ftl :i es@ a pkgs ftu izrhdksa esa izLrqr@ b’kkjs ls crkrk gS] le>krk jgrkA vkSj ;g b’kkjk ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd nsfjnk dh VsDLV dh rjg eqfDrcksèk dh VsDLV Hkh] mudh ifjfpr ^lgh* Hkh vkSj mudk rdZ] fQØ] foosd] fopkj osnuk] NViVkgV] 204 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 204@^v¡

;gk¡ rd fd ^Hkje* Hkh ,d i{k izLrqr djrs gSa vkSj og i{k gS fo[kaMu@fMdaLVªD’ku ftls lq/kh’k ipkSjh fo[kaMu vkSj izkQ s l s j osd a Vs’k folajpuk dgrs gS]a nsfjnk us tkikuh fe= dks fMdaLVªD’ku ds tkikuh Hkk”kk esa vuqokn djus dh nqfo/kk dks eqfDr fnykus ds fy, dgk Fkk & vk/kqfud ‘kks/k ls Kkr gqvk gS fd vukfn dky esa iwoZ {ks= esa tc dksbZ Hkk”kk viuh iw.kZrk dh fLFkfr dks izkIr dj ysrh Fkh rks og Lo;a dks fo[kafMr vkSj ifjofrZr ¼S’ets deconstruct½ djrs le; dsoy ,d gh ifjorZu dk fu;e ekurh Fkh fd ^ifjorZu* thou dk LokHkkfod y{k.k gSA vFkkZr /oal ds i’pkr fuekZ.k] fuokZlu ds i’pkr vkxeu vkSj v’kkafr ds i’pkr ‘kkafr vkSj ;g vkewy pwy ifjorZu ugha]a u gh fdlh ubZ nqfu;k dh ;k f=’kadq ds LoxZ dh dkeuk gS] u iqufuZekZ.k gS] ;g fo[kaMu gS] fo[kaMu gksrk gS] fo[kaMu gS] loZ= gSA Bhd oSls gh ^v¡/ksjs es*a gS vkSj ;gh ^gS*a gSA

iqujkxeu % ,d ikB ;g Hkh oSls gj fnu Hkxoku dk gksrk gS vkSj ‘kd laor] foØe laor rFkk bZloh vkSj fgtjh lu vkfn us dky x.kuk djds gekjk dke vklku fd;k gS ij mRlo fiz; ekuo tks Jkn~/k dks Jn~/kk ls tksMr + k gS og 1964 dks Hkh viuh rjg ls ns[krk gSA ¼nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh izpkj lHkk 1964 esa jk”Vªh; egRo dh laLFkk ?kksf”kr dh xbZ] os mPp f’k{kk vkSj ‘kks/k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk ds bl o”kZ dks Lej.k j[krs gS½a 1964 esa xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k dh jpuk ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk izdk’ku gqvk & gSnjkckn dh lkfgfR;d if=dk ^dYiuk* us bls izdkf’kr fd;kA bl izdkj lu~ 1964 ls pydj 2014 jgk vkSj O;rhr gks x;k] vrhr gks x;kA fdarq esjs fy, 2014 vc Hkh py jgk gSA cfYd 1964 gh py jgk gSA Jhdkar oekZ ds ‘kCnksa esa dgw¡xk & esjs eu ij eqfDrcks/k dh vkrad Hkjh Nki gS vkSj ;a=.kke; Le`fr;k¡ gSAa eqfDrcks/k dks ;kn djrs gq, rdyhQ gksrh gSA exj dksbZ fnu ughaa tkrk] tc fdlh u fdlh cgkus mldk Lej.k ughaa gksrkA eqfDrcks/k dks Hkwyuk dfBu gS ml xzhd dk; eqfDrcksèk dk fp= feVk lduk eqf’dy gSA ¼u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 16½ ;gk¡ eSa ;g dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd ;fn eqfDrcks/k izdV gks tkrs] lu~ 2014 esa vk tkrs rks\ vorkjokn esa fo’okl djus okys ge Hkkjrh; D;k muls ;g dgrs fd HkbZ eqfDrcks/k rqe Bhd dgrs Fks & rqEgkjh dfork esa dgus dh vknr ughaa Fkh] ij vkt udn dy m/kkj ¼free beer tomorrow½ dh rtZ ij rqeus D;k lgha Qjek;k Fkk & orZeku lekt py ughaa ldrkA ¼9@11 vkSj 26@11 ds ckn Hkh py jgk gS] ij ;s pyuk Hkh dksbZ pyuk gS\½ ;gk¡ /;s; ;g gS fd igys rks fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa dks mn~/k`r fd;k tk, vkSj fQj ;g Hkh js[kkafdr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tk, fd ewyr% dfo gksus ds dkj.k gh ughaa ,d ikfjokfjd izk.kh gksus ds dkj.k Hkh os ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dks vfuokj vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ek= u cuk ldsA dqN vkSj Hkh ;gk¡ gS] QSVa l s h ds vfrfjDr& dksbZ esjh ckr eq>s crkus ds fy, 205 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 205@^v¡

gh@cqykrk gS] cqykrk gSA nq%LoIuksa tukØkafr] /oal] fu”ks/k] foHkktu] fryLeh nqfu;k ds fp=ksa ds lkFk ân; dks lgykus okys ekufp= Hkh gSa & ekuks fdlh tfVy izlxa esa lglk gksB a ksa ij@ gksB j[k] dksbZ lp lp ckr@ lh/ks lh/ks dgus dks rM+i tk,@ mls ns[k I;kj meM+rk gS vuk;kl@ yxrk gS njoktk [kksydj@ ckgksa esa dl yw@ ¡ ân; esa j[k yw¡A elku fQYe ns[kus ds ckn ftl izdkj ^vFkkrks c`ge ftKklk* in esa iz;Dq r ftKklk dk esjs fy, vFkZ gh cny x;k] oSls gh tfVy izlxa * esa tfVy dks eSa ;fn nsfjnk n~okjk fn, x, tfVyRo ¼Hymen½ ls tksMd + j ns[krk gw¡ rks dqN cqjk ughaa djrkA ÝSp a dfo LVsQu eykeZs ¼Stephane Mallarme 1842-98½ us bls fookg vkSj dkSek;ZRo ls tksMk+ gS vkSj ;g og dM+h gS tks vkdka{kk vkSj vkdka{kkiwfrZ ds chp ^vfu’p;* dh nhokj cu [kM+h gksrh gSA eykeZs ls ysdj nsfjnk bls fo[kaMu ds ,d lw= dh rjg iz;Dq r djrs gSAa ;gk¡ ys[kdh; ladr s o earO; ¼Authorial intention½ fdl vksj gS dsoy jpukdkj gh crk ldrk gS vkSj pw¡fd gj VsDLV pgq¡ vksj ls [kqyh gksrh gS dqN dguk dfBu gSA nsfjnk us vkWQ xzkesVksyksth* esa ladr s fn;k gS fd dksbZ ys[kd lnSo gh tks og dguk pkgrk gS] mlls vf/kd] de vkSj mlds vfrfjDr Hkh le>k tk ldrk gSA ¼An author can always be understood be be saying more, less, or something other that what he [or she] would mean. i`- 158½A

dksbZ ys[kd ;k dfo iwjh rjg ls viuh ^VsDLV* ds i<+s tkus dks fu;af=r ughaa dj ldrkA dHkh&dHkh jpukdkj dks gh irk ughaa gksrk fd og fuekZ.k ds mu {k.kksa esa D;k dg x;k\ ;fn ikBd Ks; gSa rks mldk ikB fHkUu gksxk vkSj ;fn xs ¼gay½ gS rks nwljkA ;g eku fy;k x;k gS fd lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa dh Doh;j ^jhfMax* ¼Queer Reading½ vc visf{kr gSA bZo lstfod ¼Eve Sedgwick½ Doh;j foe’kZ dh iqjks/kk] bl ^v¡/ksjs es*a ‘kh”kZd ls gh ;g eku ysxa h fd dkelw= dh Hkwfe ls ;g jpuk vkbZ gS blfy, bldks In the Dark* dgk gSA fe’ksy Qwdks dgk djrs Fks & To know who you are, find out about your sexA blh ls gekjk ^lR;* vkSj ^Hkfo”;* tqMk+ gSA ,d tyrk lR; okyh ckr nwljh gS\ fdlh lkfgfR;d —fr esa ;g LokHkkfod gS fd fofHkUu ik=ksa ds chp vkilh rknkRE; gks] la?k”kZ gks ;k ,d nwljs ds izfr bPNk ¼Desire½ Hkko gksA lkfgfR;d —fr;k¡ ikBd ds eu esa Hkh ,d vkdka{kk] bPNk] ftKklk Hkjrh gSAa iz[;kr foe’kZdkj&n~o; MsY;wt vkSj xqvk=h ¼Deleuze and Guattari½ us dgk gS fd lkfgfR;d —fr;k¡ bPNksRiknd e’khujh ¼Machines of desire½ gSAa os i<+us vkSj iqu% i<+us dh bPNk gh mRiUu ughaa djrh cfYd bPNk ls gh os vkxs c<+rh gSAa ¼vFkkZr geus i<+us dh bPNk dh ftls gekjs eu esa fdlh us txk;k½A Ýk;M dh loZ[;kr~ mfDr gS & vkSjr D;k pkgrh gS\ xk;=h pØorhZ us bls ifjofrZr o vuqdfw yr 206 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 206@^v¡

djrs gq, dgk iq#”k D;k pkgrk gS\ vkSj lkfgfR;d —fr ds lac/a k esa iwNk tk ldrk gS & ,d lkfgfR;d —fr D;k pkgrh gS\ D;k ;g gesa dqN crkuk pkgrh gS ;k gels dqN fNikuk pkgrh gS\ D;k gesa ;g VsDLV vkea=.k ns jgh gS\ vkSj dSl\s ij ;fn ge v¡/ksjs es*a dks ikBd dh bPNk] ftKklk] vkdka{kk] pkgr dh rjg ns[ksa rks D;k gesa ml bPNkiwfrZ rd ys tkrh gS ftlds fy, ge blds ikl x, FksA i<+us dk lcls ize[q k n~ona ;g gS fd ge ,d var pkgrs gS]a bPNk dk var ugha]a izdj.k dk var pkgrs gSAa ij ;gk¡ dksbZ var gS gh ughaAa vfuokj vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst tkjh jgrh gSA u dksbZ vlR; ij lR; dh fot; gksrh gS] u v[kaM ‘kkafrA izlkn dh ^dkek;uh* esa izy; izokg ls ysdj ^vkuan v[kaM* rd vkrs&vkrs ikBd dh bPNk iwfrZ gks tkrh gSA mls ;g i<+dj g”kZ gksrk gS fd dFkk ds izkjaHk esa tks euq ^Hkhxs u;uks*a ls izy; izokg ns[k jgk Fkk og var esa tkdj lkejL; rks izkIr djrk gh gS ?kus v[kaM vkuan dk lq[k Hkh Hkksxrk gSA ij ,slk dqN ^v¡èksjs es*a ughaa gksrkA ftanxh Hkj dkO; uk;d ^eS*a HkVdrk gS vkRe fuokZflr lk jgrk gS vkSj var esa Hkh mldh [kkst vu[kksth* jgrh gSA rks D;k bl vkèkkj ij ge bl —fr dks ^dkek;uh* ds leku iw.kZ ekuus ls badkj dj nsxa \s ,slk ughaa gSA ge var dh bPNk vo’; j[krs gSa fdarq ;g gekjh vckèk bPNkvksa dk var ughaa gksrkA Ýk;M dgrk gS fd ekuo ek= esa gh ,slk dqN gS tks dHkh iw.kZ larfq ”V ikrk gh ughaa & ;s fny ek¡xs eksjA bPNk vkSj vkdka{kk dk ‘kkL=h; v/;;u djus okys Ýk;M ds mRrjorhZ euksfo'ys”kd Ýsp a nk’kZfud tkWd ykdkW us lkfgfR;d —fr;ksa dk xgu v/;;u djds bPNk dh iz—fr dks js[kkafdr djds ogha dgk gS tks gekjs ;gk¡ cjlksa iwoZ dgk x;k Fkk & u tkrq dke% dkekuka dkeksiHkksxu s ‘kkE;rsA lsev q y cSdVs ds ukVd ^osfVax Qksj xksMksV* dh rjg ;k fQj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds dkO;uk;d dh rjg bPNk ;k vkdka{kk e`xr`”.kk ds leku jgrh gS & vyH;] vizkIr] [kksbZ gqbAZ ykdkWa dh ,d izfln~/k mfDr gS & vpsru Hkk”kk dh rjg lajfpr gSA ¼The unconscious is structured like a language½A bPNk dh Hkk”kk ds ek/;e ls gh vfHkO;dr gksrh gS blfy, eqfDrcks/k vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst Hkh vfHkO;fDr ds n~okjk vfHkO;fDr esa vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds fy, djrs gSAa ge fdlh dBiqryh dh rjg bPNkvksa ;k oklukvksa ds gkFk [ksyrs jgrs gSa pkgs ge rc fy[k jgs gksa ;k cksy jgs gksAa eqfDrcks/k Hkh Hkk”kk vkSj Hkkouk] Hkk”kk vkSj bPNk] Hkk”kk vkSj vkdka{kk] Hkk”kk vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds ijLij xqQ a u ds dkj.k RkFkk budh vkilh vU;ksU;kfJrrk ds dkj.k vkSj ijks{k :i ls gh lgh ij dkO;xr vkSj Hkk”kkxr leL;kvksa ls ljksdkj gksus dh otg ls bl lkfgfR;d —fr esa Hkk”kk vkSj bPNk ;k Hkkouk dk vn~Hkqr laxe izLrqr djrs gSAa ,d izdkj ls ;g dfork dfork dh Hkk”kk ;k dgsa vk/kqfud dfork dh Hkk”kk dh ppkZ Hkh gSA bl izdkj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ,d ,slh —fr gS tks bl rF; dks Lohdkj djrh gS fd ‘kCn vkSj vfHkO;fDr dHkh vafre vFkZ ughaa nsrs Bhd oSls gh tSls bPNk,¡ dHkh iwjh ughaa gksrh & eSa mu liuksa 207 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 207@^v¡

dk [kkstrk gw¡ vk’k;@vFkkZas dh osnuk fQjrh gS eu es@ a vtc >esykA Li”V gS fd eqfDrcks/k u liuksa dk vk’k; [kkst ikrs gSa vkSj u ‘kCnksa ds vFkZA bl rjg ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork bPNk ds {k.k dks cka/kus dh valHkkO;rk dks] bPNk dks iw.kZ djus dh reUuk dks] mlds pqEcdh; vkd”kZd dks cl ns[krh Hkj gS vkSj ftls vaxt sz h jpukdkj foftZfu;k owYQ ^vfLr ds {k.k* ¼moments of being½ dgrh gS mls eqfDrcks/k ^Nk;k* ekurs gSa vkSj bl izdkj mudh bPNk ¼desire½ vkSj vFkZ ¼meaning½ xM~e&xM~M gks tkrs gSa & izR;sd vFkZ dh Nk;k es]a nwljk vk’k;@ >ydrk jgk lkA dfork vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds izfr rM+i gesa jkscVZ czkmfuax dh dfork Two in the compagna* ¼1855½ esa feyrh gS vkSj eqfDrcks/k dh ^v¡/ksjs es*a HkhA ;gk¡ QdZ ;g gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa vfHkO;fDr l’kjhj@v’kjhj mifLFkr gSAa vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst esa ixyk;k lk fQjrk gS ^eS*a ¼’kSyh blh ixykgV dks harmonious madness’ vkSj dhV~l ‘ectasy’ dgrs gS½a A og mnfoXu Kku ruko ftlesa og gj ,d psgjs dks >k¡d >k¡d dj ns[krk gS] og ldeZd ize s ] izR;sd oLrq dk fut fut vkyksd] fonq;r rjaxh; gypy] pqEcdh; vkd”kZ.k vkSj os lc vuqHko] laons uk,¡] gypy] ihM+k,¡ vkSj osnuk,¡ vkSj ftanxh ljgn dh u, u, lgpjksa dh xgekxgeh ,d izdkj dh lkekftd&lkfgfR;d ckgqY;rk cgqykFkZrk dk ifjpk;d gSA ftls ck[kfru us *socio literary polyphony* dgdj foosfpr fd;k gSA xgu jgL;e; va/kdkj /ofu lk vfLrRo tukrk vfuokj dksbZ ,d vkSj esjs ân; dh /kd /kd iwNrh gS & og dkSu\ ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds izkjaHk esa gh dejs dh nhokj dk iyLrj fxjus vkSj ,d jgL;e;h psgjs ds mHkjus ls ,d ,slk okrkoj.k fufeZr gksrk gS fd gesa nsfjnk n~okjk fn;k x;k og fofp= lk fojks/kkHkklh dFku Lej.k gks vkrk gS & There is some thing secret, But it does not conceal itselfA dksbZ jgL; gS fdarq og [kqn dks fNikrk ughaa gSA tsA fgfyl feyj us bl fojks/kkHkkl dks Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS fd ge lkekU;r% fln~/kkar :i esa fdlh jgL; dks vUos"k.kh; ekurs gSAa ^vkxs vkxs nsf[k, gksrk gS] D;k\ dgdj gekjh mRlqDrk vo'; c<+kbZ tkrh gS ij varrksxRok jgL; ij ls inkZ gV tkrk gSA fdarq tSlk feyj nsfjnk ds ^jgL;* dks foosfpr djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd ,d ^lPpk jgL;* ;fn dksbZ ,slk jgL; gksrk gks rks og dHkh mtkxj ughaa fd;k tk ldrkA [A true secret, if there is such a thing, cannot ever, by any means, be revealed] vkSj nsfjnk vkxs dgrs gSa fd lPpk jgL; dgha fNik ughaa gksrk--A og ogha lcds lkeus gksrk gS] cl fn[kkbZ ughaa nsrkA ^v¡èksjs es*a dk jgL; bl n`f"V ls nsfjnh; jgL; gSAa VsDLV dks tks dguk gS] og 208 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 208@^v¡

dg jgh gSA 'kh"kZd lsgh dg jgh gS & jgL; gSA ogha ls jgL;e;rk dk izkjaHk gksrk gSA mRrj lajpukRed ekWMy ds vkus ls iwoZ ;g ekuk tkrk Fkk fd Åijh rkSj ls fn[kkbZ nsus okys 'kCnksa esa dgha Hkhrj varjre esa vFkZ dk jgL; fNik gqvk gSA bl ^ljQsl&MsIFk&ekWMy* ¼Surface-depth-model½ dks mRrj lajpukoknh lksp us langs dh n`f"V ls ns[kk vkSj dgk fd lPpk vkSj lgh vFkZ ,d dkYifud fopkj gS] diksy dYiuk gSA fdlh lkfgfR;d —fr ds leLr jgL; gLrkeyor gekjs lkeus gks ldrs gSa ij fQj Hkh [kkstuk dfBu gksxk tSls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk jgL; vkSj jgL;e;h lalkj gS] lkeus gS ij n`f"Vxkspj ughaa gksrkA jkefoykl 'kekZ rks Fkd dj ;gh dg nsrs gSa & ^tks vfHkO;Dr gks pqdk gS] mls <w¡<u + k D;k\ ftls og <w¡<+ jgs gS]a og iwjh rjg vfHkO;Dr ughaa gqvk] v/kZ vfHkO;Dr gksdj vLQqV lk vk¡[kksa ls vks>y gks x;k gSA bruk vklku FkksMs+ gh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh dfork ;k=k dksbZ iSdt s Vwj ughaa gS] ;s FkkbZyM aS ughaa gkbySM a gS vkSj tSlk Ýk;M us dgk gS fd ;g jgL;e; ;k=k ,slh gh dfBu gS tSls viuh e`R;q dh dYiuk djuk] tc Hkh vki ,slk djus dh ps"Vk djksxs rks ikvksxs fd vki viuh e`R;q ds LFkku ij egt ,d n'kZd dh rjg mifLFkr gSAa blh xq.k ls ;g —fr vc rd fljekSj gSA eqfDrcks/k us bl lkfgfR;d vkx ds nfj;k dks Mwcdj ikj fd;k vkSj rc Hkh ikj u ik ldsa & og fn[kk] og fn[kk---mBh gqbZ ckWg ;g mBh jg xbZ!!* ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds izFke ikB ij vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ Fkh\ ;fn vki [kMwl vkykspd ughaa vfirq lân; ikBd gSa rks bl iz'u dk mRrj nsAa vki ikBd gSa vkSj vkidh izfrfØ;k muls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gS tks fopkj djus okys yksx gksrs gSAa eqfDrcks/k us lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh esa mu xkfy;ksa dk mYys[k Hkh fd;k gS tks muesa fopkjd fe=ksa us mUgsa nhA Vsjh bZxyVu ¼Terry Eagleton½ us uO;kykspdksa dh g¡lh djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd vFkZ dksbZ vDdy nk<+ ¼Wisdom tooth½ ughaa ftls m[kkMus dk miØe pkfg,A vki vkSj eS]a cdkSy LVsuys fQ'k ¼Stanley Fish½A ml leqnk; ds lnL; gSa ftls eSa cM+s xoZ ls ikBd leqnk; dgw¡xkA gekjk fuoZpu dk viuk rjhdk gSA laL—r xfHkZr Hkk"kk ds LFkku ij ge eqfDrcks/kh fganh esa fy[krs i<+rs gSAa leFkZ Hkk"kk esa fy[krs gSAa vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst gesa Hkh rks gSA esjk iz'u tl dk rl gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh VSDLV dk ikB djrs le; esjs lkeus tks Hkh fjfDr;k¡ vkbZ tks Hkh vule>k vkSj vulqy>k jgk mls eSu a s vius foosd ls le>k vkSj lqy>k;kA mnkgj.k ds fy, eq>s D;k irk oks vKkr iz.kf;.kh dkSu Fkha\ ¼eSa iq#"k gw¡] blfy, eSu a as iq#"k tSlk lkspk] ij ;fn L=h gksrk rks\ tksukFku D;wyj iwNrs gSa ^L=h dh rjg i<+uk* vkSj ^L=h dk i<+uk* ,d gh gS D;k\½A blh rjg tc eq>s ^v¡/ksjs es*a esa ,d iafDr fn[kkbZ nh & ;g flfoy ykbUl gSA eSa vius dejs esa ;gk¡ iM+k gqvk gw¡A* rks vpkud esjh fon~;k cqnf~ /k us lpsr fd;k D;ksa u eSa v¡/ksjs es*a dk ,d ikB vkSj d:¡ vkSj bl ckj mRrj mifuos'kh n`f"V gksA ,MoMZ lbZn us contrapuntal reading* dgk ftlesa ikBd og rks i<+rk 209 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 209@^v¡

gh gS tks fn[krk gS og Hkh i<+rk gS ftls jpukdkj us ughaa fn;k

¼In reading a text,

one opens it out both to what went into it and to what its another excluded; 1993, 79½A

jkts'k tks'kh us ,sls ikB dh vuq'kalk dh gSA ^v¡/ksjs es*a oLrqr% mRrj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kZ dk egkdkO; gS* & jkts'k tks'kh ¼u;k Kkuksn;] i`- 45½A varr% mRrjlajpukRed vkSj@vFkok fo[kaMukRed ikB dh n`f"V ls ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk fuoZpu djrs le; ;g lnSo n`f"V esa jgrk gS fd dkSu vfèkd egRoiw.kZ gS & dfork dk ^eS*a ;k ikBd dk ^eS*a dkSu igys gS & VsDLV ;k ikBd\ ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh VsDLV rks oSlh dh oSlh jgh tSlh esjs ikB ls iwoZ Fkh & u lwrHkj ?kVh] u rksys Hkj c<+hA ij eS\a ij ,slh ckr ughaa gSA nsfjnk ds fo[kaMu dh ;gh djkekr gSA ;g fo[kaMu dh ikB jhfr gS] ikBd VsDLV dks cukrk gS vkSj VsDLV ikBd dks cukrh gSA ¼The Reader makes the text, and the text makes the reader½A fo[kaMu dh #fp blesa gS fd ikBd ;g Lej.k j[ks fd ikB ,d lexz ikB pkgrk gS vkSj mldh izfrfØ;k mldh viuh gksA fdlh VsDLV dk ikB vki djsa rks og vkidk viuk gks fdlh vkSj dk ughaa vkSj lcdk Hkh gks vFkkZr ^vFkZ* VsDLV ls gh fudyk gksA tkWd nsfjnk us —fr ds ikB ds fy, 'kCn fn;k gS & delireium ¼blesa Ýsp a lire vkSj vaxt sz h delirium dk esy gS½A ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk ikB ,slh gh eneLrh gS ftldk vksj&Bksj ugha]a bcgke vkSj bygke dk esy gS & bcygke gSA

mila g kj nsfjnk dk ekuuk gS fd Hkfo"; dh ,d js[kk—fr ;fn dksbZ cukbZ tk ldrh gS rks mls ,d lai.w kZ ladV ds :i esa gh of.kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkfo"; vaèkdkje; gSA ik'pkR; txr esa /kwe epkus okyh iqLrd ^¶;wpj 'kkWd* dks yksx vc Hkh ughaa Hkwys gSAa if'pe esa ^var* dk i;kZ; e`R;q* gSA ik'pkR; txr dh nksuksa ize[q k fopkj /kkjk,¡ & ekDlZokn vkSj bZlkb;r ,sls Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djrh gS tks vc ls iw.kZr% csgrj vkSj fHkUu gksxkA lkfgR; v/;;u dh ,d n`f"V ;g Hkh gks ldrh gS fd ge fdlh VsDLV ds var dks ns[ksAa dgk¡ ys tkdj —fr ml dkYifud vuqHko dks fojke nsrh gS ftlds fy, leLr miØe fd;k x;k FkkA fganh lkfgR; dh ize[q k —fr;ksa ds var ij n`f"Vikr djsAa ize s pan us xksnku esa tgk¡ var fd;k gS ogk¡ thou dk var gSA fujkyk dgrs gSa & vHkh u gksxk esjk varA oLrqr% laL—r dk ;g 'kCn ^milagkj* vaxt sz h ds End ls fHkUu gSA ;gk¡ iw.kZ fojke ugha]a vYifojke gS] ^mi* gS vkSj bl ^mi* milxZ esa fufgr Hkko dks gh laHkor% eqfDrcks/k dfork dk ^[kRe u gksuk* ekurs gSAa ^dfork* dk var gksrk gS ij dfo dh [kkst tkjh jgrh gSA ^fyfVy fxfMax ¼1942½ esa Vh-,l-,fy,V us var dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, dgk gS & To make an end is to maek a beginning@ The end is where we start fromA vPNh ckr gS] var ogk¡ ls 'kq: gksrk gS tgk¡ ge ns[krs gSAa bu iafDr;ksa dk lhèkk 210 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 210@^v¡

lknk vuqokn gksxk & var djuk izkjaHk djuk gS@var ogk¡ gS tgk¡ ls ge izkjaHk djrs gSAa fu'p; gh ^v¡/ksjs es*a tSlh —fr ds ikB dks ^var* ls izkjaHk djuk ,d vPNh 'kq:vkr gksxhA izR;sd —fr vius ikBd dks ;g lqfo/kk iznku djrh gS fd og pkgs rks var ls 'kq: djsa ;k 'kq: ls@v¡èksjs esa dk var bruk egRoiw.kZ gS fd ukeoj flag bldh ,d iafDr mBkdj dfork ds u, izfreku* ds izkjaHk esa nsrs gSAa var ns[ksa & blhfy, eSa gj xyh es@ a vkSj gj lM+d ij@ >k¡d&>k¡d ns[krk gw¡ gj psgjk]@ izR;sd xfrfof/k@ izR;sd pfj=@ o gj ,d vkRek dk bfrgkl@ gj ,d ns'k o jktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr@ izR;sd ekuoh; LokuqHkwr vkn'kZ@ foosd&izfØ;k] fØ;kxr ifj.kfr@ [kkstrk gw¡ iBkj--A igkM+---leqna j@ tgk¡ fey lds eq>@ s esjh og [kksbZ gqb@ Z ije vfHkO;fDr vfuokj@ vkRe laHkokA tSlk eSu a s dgk fd ukeoj flag bl var dks izkjaHk esa nsrs gS]a ;g rF; bl vksj Hkh ladr s djrk gS fd ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk vkn~;ksikar ikB djus ls ckr ughaa cusxhA blds var ij tkdj iqu% izkjaHk esa tkuk gksxkA iqu% ikB djuk gksxkA iqufoZpkj visf{kr gSA fQj&fQj i<+dj ;g irk yxkuk gksxk fd ftl var ij dfork dk var gqvk gS og fdl izdkj var gksrs gq, Hkh dFkk Øe dk vafre fcanq ughaa gSA izkQ s l s j ukeoj flag blh var dks var esa ikdj le> tkrs gSa fd ^v¡èksjs es*a dfork dh ;s vafre iafDr;k¡ ml vfLerk ;k vkbMsfa VVh dh [kkst dh vksj ladr s djrh gSa tks vk/kqfud ekuo dh lcls Toyar leL;k gSA fu%langs bl dfork dk ewy dF; gS vfLerk dh [kkst---* ¼dfork ds u, izfreku] 1968½A blh rjg 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag bl dfork dh nh?kZdk; fojkVrk dh grk'kk vkSj vanj&ckgj lc vksj ls ,d fxze fj;fyVh dks ns[kdj dksyfjt ds ^,af'k,aV eSfjuj* ds esgeku dh HkkX;n'kk dk Lej.k djrs gSAa bl dfork dk var ns[kas & He went like one that hath been stunned, And is of sense forlorn; A sadder and a wiser man, He rose the morron morn. (II. 622-5) ;g ^Epilogue* gSA D;k ;g var gS\ ;k var

blls igys gh gks x;k FkkA eqfDrcks/k dh bl izdkj dh Hkko n'kk n'kkZrh iafDr;k¡ [kaM 1 vkSj [kaM 2 esa gSa tgk¡ êS*a dqN ^grizHk* gS] drjkrk gS vkSj Mjrk gSA eqfDrcks/k dk êS*a ^Sadder* ughaa pkgs vFkkZas dh osnuk eu esa f?kjh gks] og ^wiser* vo'; gS D;ksfa d mls ldeZd îze s * ij fo'okl gSA ;fn vki ekurs gSa fd ^v¡/ksjs esâ ,d Dykfld —fr gS rks ,d vU; Dykfld —fr ds vafre 'kCn ns[ksa & 'ksDlih;j ds fdax yh;j* ukVd ds var esa dgk x;k gS & Ripeness is allA ifjiDork lc dqN gSA eqfDrcks/k Hkh ftanxh dh bl tn~nkstgn esa ifjiDo gksdj fudys gSa rHkh ;s iafDr;k¡ gSa & ifjiDo vkSj eSP;ksjA ^v¡/ksjs es*a ij fon~okuksa dh jk; ns[krk gw¡ rks lk/kd vkykspd /kuat; oekZ 211 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 211@^v¡

ds fopkj vkrs gSa & mudh vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst egt Hkk"kkxr] dykRed vfHkO;fDr dh [kkst ughaa gS] O;fDr dh lkekftd vfHkO;fDr vkSj lkewfgd eqfDr dh [kkst gSA mldk var ekSu vkSj vkuan esa ugha]a vUos"k.k vkSj :ikarj.k esa gksrk gSA ;g :ikarj.k l`tu dk la?k"kZ es]a dyk dk Økafr es]a dykdkj dk esekj esa vkSj O;fDr dk tu esa :ikarj.k gSA vkSj Hkh vusd vkykspdksa us mn~/kj.kh; oDrO; fn, gSAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ;s gS] oks gSA v'kksd oktis;h ls ysdj gekjs eqgYys ds oSurs; 'kkL=h us eqfDrcks/k vkSj ^v¡/ksjs es*a ij viuh nks Vwd jk; ¼Value judgement½ j[ks gSAa mnkgj.k ds fy, ukeoj flag bl —fr dks dfo&deZ dh pje ifj.kfr vkSj ubZ dfork dh pje ^miyfC/k* dgrs gSAa bl ipkl o"khZ; vkykspukRed fMLdkslZ dk lh/kk y{; ikBd gS & mudh dfork esa lh[kus vkSj le>us ds fy, cgqr dqN gS & ^[kkl rkSj ls dfo;ksa ds fy,* & jkefoykl 'kekZA vaxt sz h ikBd ns[k le> ik,¡xs fd vkt ls yxHkx iSr a kyhl cjl igys fganh dfork eqfDrcks/k ds ;gk¡ fdruh cM+h Nykax yxk ldus esa leFkZ FkhA & v'kksd oktis;h ;g fdl vk/kkj ij dg jgs gS]a ;g dguk FkksMk+ dfBu gSA ij bls os Dykfld —fr vo'; ekurs gSAa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx Vh-,l- ,fy,V us Hkh fd;k gSA vius fuca/k 'What is a classic?' [1945] esa os ,d 'kCn dk tarj ¼talisman½ gesa idM+krs gSa ftlls os Dykfld —fr dh ifjHkk"kk Hkh nsrs gSAa ;g yxHkx ogh 'kCn gSa tks 'ksDlih;j us ^fdax yh;j* ukVd ds var esa fn;k gSA ,fy;V bl 'kCn ifjiDo ¼Mature½ dks fØ;k vkSj fo'ks"k.k ds :i esa vius bl fuca/k esa dqy 23 ckj iz;ksx djrs gSa & fuca/k esa D;k ,d gh vuqPNsn esa 23 ckjA lu~ 1944 esa fy[ks bl ys[k ds le; ;g cM+k 'kCn FkkA vkt gesa ^v¡/ksjs es*a ds dsoy ifjiDo var dks ns[kdj bls Dykfld dgus dh fLFkfr esa ughaa gSA vc fo'o&lkfgR; vkykspuk esa u tkus viksfj;k] fMlsfa Vªx] gsVªkXs yksfl;k] vkfn u,&u, fdrus 'kCn vk x, gS]a uO;kykspuk ds ladYiukRed in vuqHkwfr dh izkekf.kdrk] tfVyrk] ruko] folaxfr] foMacuk vkfn vo/kkj.kk,¡ vi;kZIr izrhr gks jgh gSA U;w fØfVflTe esa ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd Dykfld dfork og gS ftlesa fopkj/kkjk u gks ftlesa iSjkMkWDl gks] n~ona o~ gks] ruko gks] dfo dksbZ dfeV u djsA ftl dfork ds u, izfreku ds dsna z esa eqfDrcksèk gSa vkSj ftldh ifj.kfr ^v¡/ksjs es*a eas gS mldh xfr bu izfrekuksa ls vc u ekih tk ldsxhA ^v¡/ksjs es*a dh v/kZ 'krkCnh gks yh] vc 'krkCnh dh vksj pysAa gesa eqfDrcks/k dk lkfgfR;d ifjos'k ¼Literary Canon½ x<+uk gksxkA gesa ^v¡èksjs es*a dks iqu% iqu% [kkstuk gksxkA iz[;kr vkykspd gSjksYM Cywe ¼Harold Bloom½ dh —fr ^n oSLVuZ dSuu* ¼The western canon, 1994½ esa Cywe dk ,d ek= /;s; dfork dks ;FkklaHko iw.kZ ,oa 'kqn/~ k :i ls lajf{kr djuk jgkA ¼To Preserve poetry as fully and purely as possible½A jktuhfrd ,oa vU; rkdrsa gh ughaa Lo;a vkykspuk Hkh gkf'k, ij cSBs jpukdkjksa dk laKku ughaa ysrh ¼lpsr ys[kdoxZ vkSj ljdkj ds drZO;cks/kh lg;ksx ls Hkh eqfDrcks/k cp u ldsA nsj gks xbZ Fkh½A 212 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 212@^v¡

gesa izFke iafDr ds vkykspdksa esa nks pkj ^Cywe* pkfg,A rqufd;k vkykspd ¼Resentful critics½ rks ntZu esa lkB feyrs gSA a Cywe us ik'pkR; dSuu esa 3000 iqLrdksa dh lwph cukbZ gSA blesa ls 26 dks mUgksu a s ^vkdj* dgk gSA muds ;gk¡ 'ksDlih;j gS]a gekjs ;gk¡ rqylh gSA eqfDrcks/k dk var vkSj ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk mn; 1964 dk og bZoVsa ¼Event½ gS ftlds dkj.k os ^v¡/ksjs es*a lekfgr gksdj rstfLØ; gks tkrs gSAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a eqfDrcks/k dk dkO;&Lekjd gS vkSj blhfy, os ubZ dfork ds nhi&LraHk gSa rFkk bZLVuZ dSuu ¼Eastern Canon½ ds ize[q k iSjksdkj HkhA vc ge var ij vkrs gSAa ^v¡/ksjs es*a dk var ;g ladr s nsrk gS fd dfork dk êS*a vfHkO;fDr dks <w¡<r + k gh jg tkrk gSA oSls og vfHkO;fDr dks vfHkO;Dr dj pqdk gS vkSj mls <w¡<u + k miØe ek= gS fQj Hkh nkf;Ro cksèk ds pyrs êS*a ikBd dks ,d jgL;e;rk esa NksM+ gh nsrk gS fd tks tu ;wFk esa tk feyk og dHkh [kkstk Hkh tk ldsxk\ D;k gksxk ;fn og dHkh [kkstk gh u tk ldk\ blfy, ;gk¡ fojks/kkHkkl gSA dfo dfork dks ^[kRe* djus ij mrk: gS ij eueksgu nslkbZ dh CykWd&cLVj dh rjg ^vej vdcj ,SFa kksuh* dks feykuk ughaa pkgrkA ^[kRe dgkuh*] îh yks ikuh*] rks gksrk gh ughaA êS*a ;g dgdj pair gksuk pkgrk gS & mBrk gw¡] tkrk gw¡] xSyjh esa [kM+k gw¡] ;fn dfo ;gh var dj nsrk\ vfu’p; dh ryokj tks bl var ij yVdh gS mls xys dh Qkal dh rjg ikBd Hkh eglwlrk gSA dSlk var gS ;g\ D;k var gS ;g\ mRrj lajpukokn vkSj nsfjnk dk fparu fdlh ikB ds ^var* ds fopkj dks gh iz’uksa ds ?ksjs esa [kM+k djrk gSA ^var* dk ,d vFkZ rks fu”d”kZ gksxk ¼,d ikB dk var½ ;k nwljk ;g fd y{; lk/k fy;k x;k gS] eafty ij igq¡p x, gSAa ij mRrj lajpukoknh dgrs gSa fd fdlh ikB ds var esa fdlh fu”d”kZ ij igq¡puk dfBu gSA dfBu D;k vlaHko gSA varjikBh;rk ¼Intertextuality½ vkSj iquikZB ¼Rereading½ ds y{; v¡/ksjs es*a dks var rd ykus gh u nsx a As fdlh VsDLV dk dksbZ var gksrk gh ughaAa ;fn ge var* dks eafty ;k y{; ekusa rks mRrj lajpukokn fQj dgsxk fd ;g laHko ughaAa ;g ekuo dh iz—fr esa gh ughaa fd og fdlh var rd igq¡pAs ekuoh; bPNk dHkh ‘keu izkIr djrh gh ughaAa vkxs D;k gksxk\ ge iwNrs gh jgsxa As tkWd nsfjnk dk dguk gS fd ge ,slh fdadrZO;foew<r + k ds f’kdkj gSa fd u rks ge var* ds fopkj dks y{; ;k mn~n; s ls ck¡/ks fcuk ns[k ldrs gSa ¼ftls xzhd Hkk”kk esa telos dgk x;k gS½ vkSj u ge bPNkvksa vkSj vfHkyk”kkvksa dh izkfIr ls gh lar”q V gks ldrs gSAa lc dqN izkIr gqvk rks e`R;q le>ksA Plentitude is the end (the goal) but were it attained, it would be the end (death), iw.kZrk dh yxHkx ;gh ifjdYiuk gekjs ;gk¡ Hkh gS & Å¡ iw.kZen% iw.kZfena iw.kkZRiw.kZ eqnP;rsA@iw.kZL; iw.kZeknk; iw.kZeos kof’k”;rsAA blfy, dfork u [kRe gksrh gS] u iw.kZ] u bldk var gksrk gS] u lekfIrA MsLd ij j[ks gq, egku xzFa kksa ds ys[kd tks esjh bl dfork&;k=k ds lk{kh 213 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 213@^v¡

u lg;ksxh gS]a os esjs xq# gSAa mUgksu a s vk’k; crk;k] vk’oLr fd;k vkSj v¡/ksjs esa fnO; n`f”V nhA tkWd nsfjnk dk lai.w kZ —frRo blh milagkj] var] e`R;q dh [kkst gSA 8 vDVwcj] 2004 dks 74 o”kZ dh vk;q esa bl Ýsp a nk’kZfud dh dSl a j ls e`R;q gqbAZ e`R;q ls nks ekg iwoZ mUgksu a s Le Monde uked i= dks ,d lk{kkRdkj esa dgk Fkk & ;fn n’kZu dks e`R;q ds iwokZHkkl dk ^fparu* dgsa rks fo[kaMu dky tf;rk&mRrj&thfork ¼Survival½ dk ifjpk;d gSA ftls ge vfLrRo dgrs gSa & DA-SEIN ;’kdk;k dgrs gSa og gekjh jpukvksa esa thfor jgrh gS vkSj blds fy, gekjk ejuk vko’;d gSA The trace I leave to me means at once my death, to come or already come, and the hope that it will survive me. It is not an ambition of immortality it is fundamental. I leave here a bit of paper. I leave. I die.

vkSj xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrkcks/k\ os v¡/ksjs es*a gSAa vkvks] ,d ikB vkSj djsAa

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph • v'kksd pØ/kj- eqfDrcks/k dh dkO; izfØ;k ¼1975½- eqfDrcks/k dh dforkbZ • v'kksd oktis;h ¼la-½- xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrkcks/k % izfrfuf/k dfork,¡] jktdey izdk'ku • —".k cynso oSn ¼vuqoknd½- bu n MkdZ- 2001- jsucks ifCy'klZ • nsoh 'kadj voLFkh- vkykspuk dk n~oan- 1999- ok.kh izdk'ku • ukeoj flag- dfork ds u, izfreku- 1968] 2009- jktdey izdk'ku • usfepanz tSu ¼la-½- eqfDrcks/k jpukoyh- 1980 • jkefoykl 'kekZ- ubZ dfork vkSj vfLrRookn- 1978- jktdey izdk'ku • jkeLo:i prqoZsnh- fganh lkfgR; vkSj laosnuk dk fodkl- 1986- yksd Hkkjrh • fo".kq [kjs- vkykspuk dh igyh fdrkc- 1983- ok.kh izdk'ku • 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag- dqN vkSj xn~; jpuk,¡- 1992] jk/kk—".k • lq/kh'k ipkSjh- nsfjnk % fo[kaMu dh fln~/kkafrdh- 2006] 2014- ok.kh izdk'ku • u;k Kkuksn; ¼laiknd yhyk/kj eaMyksbZ½- vad 139] flracj 2014- Hkkjrh; KkuihB] ubZ fnYyh • lzoafr ¼lg laiknd MkW- th- uhjtk½- ekpZ 2015] vad 12] o"kZ 59- nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh izpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn • Arac, Jonatham, Wlad: Gadzich and Wallace Martin (eds.) (1983). The Yale Critics: Deconstruction in America. • Austim, J.C. [1975 (1962)]. How to do things with words, OUP • Barthes, Roland (1977). The Death of the Author. Fontana • Bennington, Geoffrey (2000). Deconstruction is not what you think. EUP • Blair, Tony (2001). Speech at the labour party conference Brighton. The Guardian, 3 October, 4-5 • Bloom, Harold (1994). The western Canon: The books and school of the ages. New york: Harcourt Brace. • De Man, Paul (1983). Blindness and Insight (1971). Landon: Methuen. • Lucy Rosenstein. New Poetry in Hindi: An Anthology. 2004. Anthem Press. • Mcquillan, Martin, ed (2000). Deconstruction: A Reader. EUP. • Miller, J.Hills (1982). Fiction and Repetition. Oxford. • Norris, Christopher (1988). Deconstruction: Theory and Practice.

214 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 214@^v¡

• Royle, Nicholas (1995). After Derride. MUP. Man chester. • Royle, Nicholas (2000). What is Deconstruction? Palgrave. • Royle, Nicholas (2003). Jacques Derrida. Routledge. • Royle, Nicholas and Bennett Andrew (2004) : An introduction to Literature, criticism and theory, Pearson long man. • Royle, Nicholas (2003). The uncanny. Routledge. • Rushdie, Salman (1991). Imaginary Homelands: Essay and Criticism. Zone books. New York. • Rushdie, Salman (1990) : Is nothing sacred? Granta • Said, Edward W. (1993), The world, The text and the critic, faber and faber • Sassure, Ferdinand de (1974). Course in General Linguistics. fontana 1. Work by Jacques Derrida - Interviews and other discussions: Positions (1981), Round table discussions (1979), Deconstruction and the other (1981), Deconstruction in America (1985), Points. Interviews (1995), The strange Institution called Literature (1989), The deconstruction of Atonality (2000), The villanova Round table (1997), I have a taste for the secret (1995), Derrida Elsewhere (1999), Negotiations (2002), Last Interview (2004). 2. Short Essays A Structure, sign and play in the discourse of the human sciences (1966), ‘...that Dangerous supplement... (1967), Difference (1968), Plato’s pharmacy (1968), Signature event context (1977), The time of a thesis: Punctuations (1980), Before the Law (1982), Letter to a Japanese friend (1983), After word: Toward an Ethic of Discussion (1988). 3. Derrida Anthologies - Anidjar, Gil (ed) Acts of Religion (2002), Attridge Derek (ed) Acts of literatures, Kamuf Peggy (ed) A Derrida Reader (2000), Mcquillan Martin (ed) A Deconstructions A Reader (2000), Wolfreys, Julian, The Derrida Reader: Wriling Performances (1998). 4. A few books by Deride (Total books are 80) - Writing and Differences (1967), Speech and phenomene (1967), of Grammatology (1967), Dissemination (1972)m Margins of philosophy (1972), Positions (1972), Glas (1974), The postcard (1980), signeponge (1983), Memoirs (1990), Circonfession (1991), Points.. (1992), Specters of Marx (1993), Aporias (1996), The gift of Death (1999). 5. Work on and Around Derrida A (You can never count) Bennington, GeoffreyA Derrida base (1993), Culler Jonathan on Deconstruction (1983), Rapaport Herman: Cater Derrida...

215 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 215@^v¡

217 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 217@^vยก

xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % thou o`RRk

217 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 217@^vยก

219 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 219@^vยก

xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k % thou o`RRk 13 uoacj] 1917 % ';k¡iqj ¼f'koiqjh½] Xokfy;j esa tUeA ekrk % ikoZrh ckbZ] firk % ekèkojko eqfDrcks/kA 21 tuojh] 1921 % 'kjPpaæ eqfDrcks/k ¼xtkuu ek/ko eqfDrcks/k ds HkkbZ½ dk tUeA 1930 % mTtSu esa fefMy Ldwy ijh{kk esa vlQyA 1935 % lkfgR; l`tu dh 'kq:vkrA 1935 % igyh jpuk çdkf'krA 1938 % gksYdj d‚yst] bankSj ls ch-,-A 1939 % ikfjokfjd vlgefr vkSj fojks/k ds ckotwn 'kkafr ls çse fookgA lqiq= % jes'k eqfDrcks/kA 1939 % cM+uxj fefMy Ldwy esa v/;kiuA 1940 % 'kkjnk f'k{kk lnu] 'kqtkyiqj esa fu;qfDrA 1941 % vKs; }kjk laikfnr ^rkjk lIrd* ds igys dfoA 1942&1944 % ekoyk esa jgsA 1945 % f=ykspu 'kkL=h ds lkFk okjk.klh esa ^gal* dk laiknuA 1946&1947 % ;ksX; dke u feyus ij tcyiqj okilA 1949 % ukxiqj x,A 1953 % ukxiqj fo'ofon~;ky; ls fganh esa ,e-,-A 1953 % fgrdkfj.kh gkbZLdwy] tcyiqj esa v/;kidA --------- % ^t; fganh* lekpkj i= esa va'kdkfyd dk;ZA --------- % ^lerk* if=dk esa ys[kuA --------- % tcyiqj ls ukxiqj pys x,A --------- % ukxiqj jfM;ks esa lekpkj foHkkx ds laikndA --------- % LFkkukarj.k vkns'k ds dkj.k R;kxi=A --------- % —".kkuan lks[rk }kjk laikfnr ^u;k [kwu* esa LraHk ys[kdA --------- % tcyiqj dh if=dk ^olq/kk* esa ^,d ys[kd dh Mk;jh* uke ls /kkjkofgd dk ys[kuA --------- % ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* iqLrd dh jpukA 1958 twu % jktukanxk¡o igq¡psA 1958 % fnfXot; egkfon~;ky;] jktukanxk¡o esa çk/;kidA 1959 % fe=ksa ds chp igyh ckj ^v¡/ksjs esa* dfork dk okpu ftldk 'kh"kZd Fkk ^vk'kadk ds n~ohi v¡/ksjs esa*A 1962 % ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* dk ys[kuA 1962 % ^Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj laL—fr* ij uSfrdrk vkSj Hkærk ds fo#n~/k gksus dk vkjksiA 219 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 219@^v¡

7 Qjojh] 1964 % i{kk?kkr dk igyk çgkjA 6 twu] 1964 % V~;wcjdqyj esfuutkbfVl ls xzLrA 15 twu] 1964 % csgks'kh dh fLFkfrA 26 twu] 1964 % fpfdRlk gsrq fnYyh esfMdy baLVhV~;wV esaA 11 flracj] 1964 % yach chekjh ds ckn ubZ fnYyh esa fu/kuA 1964 % gSnjkckn ls çdkf'kr ^dYiuk* ds uoacj vad esa fu/kuksijkar ^v¡/ksjs esa* dk çdk'kuA 1964 % ^pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS* ¼dfork laxzg½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls çdkf'krA 1964 % ^,d lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh* ¼vkykspuk½] Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls çdkf'krA 1964 % ûbZ dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ* ¼vkykspuk½] fo’oHkkjrh ls çdkf'krA 1967 % dkB dk liuk ¼dgkuh laxzg½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls çdkf'krA 1970 % foik= ¼miU;kl½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls çdkf'krA 1971 % ^lrg ls mBrk vkneh* ¼dgkuh laxzg½ Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls çdkf'krA 1971 % û, lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=* ¼vkykspuk½ jk/kk—".k çdk'ku ls çdkf'krA ftldk u;k laLdj.k dqN ifjofrZr :i esa ^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa\* uke ls çdkf'krA 1973 % ^dkek;uh % ,d iqufoZpkj* ¼vkykspuk½ lkfgR; Hkkjrh ls çdkf'krA 1975&1976 % bykgkckn ls çdkf'kr î{k/kj* ds 1975&76 ds vad esa miU;kl ^foik=* dk çdk'kuA 1980 % ^Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /kwy* ¼dfork laxzg½ jktdey çdk'ku ls çdkf'krA 1980 % eqfDrcks/k jpukoyh ¼Ng [kaM½] ¼la½ usfepaæ tSu] jktdey çdk'ku ls çdkf'krA 1981 % ^lrg ls mBrk vkneh* dks ef.k dkSy us fQYek;kA 1982 % ^leh{kk dh leL;k,¡* ¼vkykspuk½ jktdey çdk'ku ls çdkf'krA 1984 % çfrfuf/k dfork,¡ ¼laiknd v'kksd oktis;h½] jktdey çdk'ku ls çdkf'krA 2001 % bu n MkdZ] ^v¡/ksjs esa* dk vaxzsth vuqokn] —".kcynso cSn] jSucks ifCy'klZA 2004 % eqfDrcks/k ds thou dks ^czg~ejk{kl dk f'k";* ukVî :i esa çLrqrA 2014&15 % ns'k Hkj esa ^v¡/ksjs esa* ds çdk'ku dh v/kZ'krh dk vk;kstuA 2014&15 % fofo/k i=&if=dkvksa n~okjk fo'ks"kkadksa dk çdk'kuA 2015 % 28] 29] 30 ekpZ] 2015 esa mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] gSnjkckn esa çks- _"kHknso 'kekZ us êqfDrcks/k dh dfork ^v¡/ksjs esa* % vèkZ'krh lekjksg* fo"k;d f=fnolh; jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh vk;ksftr dhA bl volj ij ^v¡/ksjs es*a dfork dk 12 Hkk"kkvksa ¼rsyqxq] rfey] dUuM] ey;kye] ejkBh] mfM+;k] caxyk] jktLFkkuh] czt] mnwZ] ef.kiqjh vkSj d‚dcjd½ esa vuqokn laiUuA 2017 % M‚- _"kHknso 'kekZ vkSj M‚- xqjZedksaMk uhjtk n~okjk ^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB iqLrd çdkf'krA 220 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 220@^v¡

lg;ksxh ys[kd

223 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 223@^vยก

lg;ks x h ys [ kd 1- çks- _"kHknso 'kekZ] 208 ,] fln~/kkFkZ vikVZesaV~l] x.ks'k uxj] jkearkiqj] gSnjkckn &5000013eksckby % 08121435033- bZesy % rishabhadeosharma@yahoo.com 2- çks- ,e- osadVs'oj] 310 dapykZ V‚olZ] eq'khjkckn Økl jksM] gSnjkckn & 500020eksckby % 09849048156- bZesy % mannarvenkateshwar9@gmail.com 3- M‚- xqjZedksaMk uhjtk] lglaiknd ^lzoafr*] çk/;kid] mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] [kSjrkckn] gSnjkckn & 500004- eksckby % 09849986346- bZesy % neerajagkonda@gmail.com 4- çks- xksiky 'kekZ] çksQslj ¼vaxzth½] Ldwy v‚Q xzstq,V ,aM fyVjspj v‚Q bafXy'k ySaxq,t ,aM fyVjspj] vjck feap fo'ofo|ky;] vjck feap] bFkksfi;k- eksckby % 215 9100895761bZesy % prof.gopalsharma@gmail.com 5- M‚- xksj[kukFk frokjh] çk/;kid] mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] [kSjrkckn] gSnjkckn & 500004- eksckby % 09441017160 6- çks- fnfod jes'k] ,y & 1202] xzkaM vtukjk gsfjVst] uks,Mk % 201304- eksckby % 09910177099bZesy % divik_ramesh@yahoo.com 7- çks- nsojkt] vf/k"Bkrk] vuqokn ,oa fuoZpu fon~;kihB] egkRek xka/kh varjjk"Vªh; fganh fo'ofon~;ky;] xka/kh f'k[kj] o/kkZ & 442005- eksckby % 09665976661- bZesy % dr4devraj@gmail.com 8- M‚- cyfoanj dkSj] çk/;kid] mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] [kSjrkckn] gSnjkckn & 500004- eksckby % 09299850071- bZesy % balvinderkhan@gmail.com 9- M‚- ch- ckykth] lgk;d çca/kd ¼jktHkk"kk½] fe/kkfu- eksckby % 08500920391bZesy % balajib18@gmail.com 10-M‚- e`R;qat; flag] çk/;kid] mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] ekNoje] fot;okMk- eksckby % 08985043248 11-çks- jktef.k 'kekZ] pk.kD;iqjh] lqlqokgk] okjk.klh & 221011- eksckby % 09450454328 12-M‚- lkfgjkckuw ch- cksjxy] jhMj] mPp f'k{kk vkSj 'kks/k laLFkku] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh çpkj lHkk] ekNoje] fot;okMk- eksckby % 07396076730- bZesy % sbborgal@gmail.com

223 @^v¡/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 223@^v¡

225 @^vยก/ksjs esa* % iquikZB 225@^vยก

Andhere mein punarpath