UWC Gamka Presentation

What is GAMKA? A Powerful New Array to Advance Nuclear Science and Astrophysics in South Africa

The UBUNTU Application An Alliance of 8 South African Universities and iThemba LABS

GAMKA: a National Priority DVC's Letters of Support

WHY GAMKA?

The AFRODITE array is 15-years old. i.e. detectors have deteriorated, repair is very expensive and we are no longer competitive.

Radically widen the science cases in nuclear physics and astrophysics for MSc and PhD theses and address fundamental science.

Improve quality, skills and numbers of post-graduate students to accommodate South Africa's current and future challenges (e.g., nuclear energy, medical, SKA).

WHY GAMKA? GAMKA Alignment with National Plans and Vision

10-Year Innovation Plan to "grow our knowledge economy to improve conditions for all South Africans."

NRF vision 2015, "of ensuring research excellence within a transformed research workforce”.

National Development Plan (Vision for 2030) for ”increasing employment and improving the quality of education must be the highest priority.”

How things work?

MSc and PhD data collected by detector systems at the end of the beam line

New GAMKA Array at iThemba LABS

GAMKA versus old AFRODITE

7 more detectors will increase the efficiency (probability of detecting gamma rays) by 3.3x for coincidences, 6.6x for  etc Asymmetric configuration will broaden range of measurements Deliver New Science!

New GAMKA Array at iThemba LABS How nuclei decay: Transition probabilities, lifetimes, multipolarities, mixing ratios, triplets,...

GAMKA – Gamma-ray AsyMmetric spectrometer for Knowledge in Africa

GAMKA Array can be coupled with facilities at iThemba LABS GAMKA and beyond (flexibility!)

Neutron detector array

Silicon detectors

(WAFANA-WAFANA)

RIB Demonstrator K600 Spectrometer

3 MV Tandetron

NEP Application submitted August 2014 (R30M)

UWC, SU (Paul Papka) and iThemba LABS (Mathis Wiedeking)

GAMKA: How much it costs?

14.29 Rands per Euro

One Clover detector R 2,771,641 each Total for 7 Clover detectors R 19,401,487

Each Clover requires: BGO Compton Suppression Shield R 1,278,211 each Total for 6 BGO Compton Suppression Shields R 7,669,266 TOTAL = R 27,070,753.00

GAMKA: How much it costs?

Grand total: R29,954,095 Liquid Nitrogen system

Annealing station

Asymmetric frame

Digital electronics

High Voltage power supply

First time in South Africa, but not in America and Europe Highly-efficient and segmented TIGRESS ď §-ray array at TRIUMF funded by the Canadian Government through the Canadian Universities

TIGRESS permits accurate Coulomb-excitation studies of the relatively high-lying 2+ states found in light nuclei

First time in South Africa, but not in America and Europe Highly-efficient and segmented MINIBALL ď §-ray array at CERN/ISOLDE funded by the EU with a joint application composed of European Universities

MINIBALL is composed of large CLUSTER gamma-ray detectors

Our Credentials Human capital development within 15 years 50 Students Graduated doing nuclear research at iThemba LABS (Lectures in UJ, UniZulu, Rhodes, UWC, PDPs, iThemba LABS, ESKOM,...)

30 current Masters and Doctorate Students (MANUS/MATSCI @ UWC/UniZulu)

Young Staff Training

Our Credentials

Innovation @ iThemba LABS making us competitive worldwide New Physics recently found (exotic shapes, tetrahedral shapes, chiral symmetry, nuclear collectivity from GDR, Hoyle state, publications in top journals) Broad range of nuclear reactions (K600, gamma-particle transfer, Coulomb excitations,...)

State-of-the-art Digital Electronics (dead time, higher coincidence rate,...)

Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (RIB Demonstrator funded!)

New 3 MV Tandetrom (Material Sciences and Nuclear Astrophysics) First SARCHI Chair in Nuclear Science (Smarajit Triambak UWC/iThemba LABS) New Postdocs (UWC, SU, WITS) International Collaborations established (CERN, Germany, China, USA, JINR,...)

Our Credentials

Over 100 Publications as of 2014

International Collaborations PhD/Postdoc USA Exchange Program (UKY) Nontobeko Khumalo doing a PhD at the University of Kentucky

http://www.pa.uky.edu/accelerator

International Collaborations PhD Exchange Program with Oslo (Norway) Vincent Kheswa finshed his PhD & submitted paper to top physics journal

International Exposure We bring our students to the best labs in the world!

Building Confidence - Exposure to Greatness 2012 Nobel Laureate visiting UWC

Nobel Laureate gives microscope to Wallasdeen Students

GAMKA Outreach @ UWC Let's Achieve Great Science!

Schools in South Africa: Belhar, the Ark (refuge for abandoned and homeless children)

New Nuclear Physics with GAMKA Chal s? lenge n o i t ra s to t b i v y he sh g r ne e el l m How nuclei rotate? w o l odel e h t e r a re Whe

Nuclear Structure Physics Address fundamental questions related to nuclear collectivity and move theory forward!

Sha pe

coex isten and ce mixi ng

Isospin symmetry

m New

ber s m u n agic

Nuclear chirality?

New Exciting Science with GAMKA

New Exciting Science with GAMKA

New Exciting Science with GAMKA

Press Release: UWC drives the first African-led experiment in physics at CERN Highly-efficient and segmented MINIBALL ď §-ray array at CERN/ISOLDE funded by the EU to the European Universities

MINIBALL is composed of large CLUSTER gamma-ray detectors

Shape Coexistence New Reorientation-effect measurement at HIE-ISOLDE Counts/day (104 ions/s) 2038.1

700

1

4+

600

1599.9 944.5

3700 - 4300 21+ 1

0.0

0+

Se

70

15 shifts + 3 shifts (set up) = 6 days ~10-15% uncertainty on M22

2

2+

New Exciting Science with GAMKA What about the second 2+?

High energy and 104 ions/s is limiting us 6x improvement at HIE-ISOLDE: higher proton intensity on target and 2 GeV protons We could still do it, but...  it depends on NNDC lifetime (Heese et al., ~27% uncertainty) and   Lifetime and mixing-ratio COMPLEMENTARY measurements at iThemba LABS E.g., 58Ni(14N,pn) reaction at 39 MeV (Heese et al 1986) to avoid yrast population

Orce et al, PRC(R) (2011)

Nuclear Shapes with GAMKA Ni, 102Ru (new beam development) and 32S, 36,40Ar @ last PAC

60,62

28

36

Si

Ar

Oblate 34

Prolate

S Ar

40

Si

30

24

Mg

32

S

Nico Orce iThemba PAC October 2014

New Nuclear Astrophysics with GAMKA

ents m e l avy e ernova? e h t he sup How rmed in o are f

Wh Or ho at's the o ri w ca rbon gin of life was ? crea ted?

Nuclear Astrophysics Address fundamental questions related to SKA and SALT Crea elem t ents ion of th e in X -ray burs ts

Nuclear Fusion

th e of g A e t's th a h W erse v i n U

e

New Nuclear Astrophysics with GAMKA SKA Science Goals

“The age of the Universe is at least its oldest objects, the globular clusters. To understand these ages we need to understand nuclear reactions.”

“Search for extra-terrestrial life to a higher level of sensitivity. If we can detect carbon-based life in other solar systems elsewhere the galaxy, then this will help us better to understand the process of carbon synthesis in stars.”

Nuclear Astrophysics

How 138La is created!

New Nuclear Astrophysics with GAMKA

• Globular clusters / CNO cycle:

• Oldest known/visible objects in our galaxy

• Compact groups of 100,000 - 1 million stars • 1980: 16-20 Gyr • Now: 10-15 Gyr

• Age of the universe:

• WMAP  13.7±0.2 Gyr

• Globular clusters can’t be older than the universe!

Primordial gas cloud

Masupatsela! We chart a new course, we write a new story

Thank you all for supporting GAMKA!