Pandemic Primary Voters' Guide 2020

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Pandemic Primary Voters’ Guide

it to the polls on Election Day. If you have lost or did not receive your ballot you may request one at the polls.

For Election Updates and Info: SOS.Vermont.Gov/Elections

VOTING EARLY

VOTING EARLY

wide Primary August 11, 2020 Statewide Primary August 11, 2020 It’s Safe, Easy and Secure!

It’s Safe, Easy and Secure!

1. REGISTER ONLINE TO VOTE

er Online to Vote • To register to vote and to verify or update voter registration information especially a current

er to vote and to verify or update voter registration especially a mailing address, go to: information mvp.vermont.gov, or contact your Town Clerk. ailing address, go to: mvp.vermont.gov, or contact your Town Clerk.

2. st Your Ballot

REQUEST YOUR BALLOT

• sent Theout Secretary of State’s office hastosent out ballot request postcards to registered voters. The etary of State’s office has ballot request postcards registered he postcard has a tear-away, postage-paid, ballot request form that you can postcard has a tear-away, postage-paid, ballot request form that you can mail back to your Town to your Town Clerk to request a to ballot.

Clerk request a ballot.

• A postcard request form is notcan required to request a ballot: ballots can be requested online d request form is not required to request a ballot: ballots be requested at mvp.vermont.gov, or by phone, email, call your Town Clerk if you would like to pick up a mvp.vermont.gov, or by phone, email, or call your Town Clerk if you or would ballot in person. k up a ballot in person.

• 2020, Absentee ballots for theare August 2020, statewide primary are now available. ballots for the August 11, statewide primary now 11, available.

3. and COMPLETE ete your Ballot Return it YOUR BALLOT AND RETURN IT

• Carefully read and read and follow the instructions for voting yourfollow ballot.the instructions for voting your ballot.

• You will receive three ballots, one for each of Vermont’s three major parties. eceive three ballots, one• forYou each of only Vermont’s three major ballots parties.and you must return the two unvoted ballots may vote one of these only vote one of these ballots and youvoted mustballot, return or theyour twoballot unvoted with your willballots not count. voted ballot, or your ballot will not count.

• The ballots will come with three envelopes; a certificate envelope for the voted ballot, an ts will come with three envelopes, a certificate envelope voted ballots, ballot, and a pre-paid, pre-addressed mailing unvoted ballots envelope for for thethe unvoted ed ballots envelope for the unvoted ballots, and a pre-paid, envelope.

Put the voted ballot inpre-addressed the certificate envelope, sign, date and seal it. Put the two nvelope. Put the voted ballotunvoted in the certificate envelope, sign,ballots date and seal it, Then enclose both sealed ballot envelopes ballots into the unvoted envelope. nvoted ballots in the unvotedinside ballots envelope, and then enclose both ballotenvelope. the larger, pre-addressed, postage-paid s inside the pre-addressed postage paid envelope.

• You can mail in your ballot or call your town clerk if you would like to hand deliver your ballot mail in your ballot or call your town Election clerk if you likebetoreceived hand deliver your before Day.would It must before Election Day (August 11) or bring it to the polls ore Election Day. It must beon received before Election Day (August 11) or bring Election Day. If you have lost or did not receive your ballot you may request one at the polls. olls on Election Day. If you have lost or did not receive your ballot you may ne at the polls.

For Election Updates and Info: SOS.Vermont.Gov/Elections

Updates and Info: SOS.Vermont.Gov/Elections

VOTE PAID FOR BY LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF VERMONT EDUCATION FUND, P.O. BOX 1391, MONTPELIER, VT 05401-1391

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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VOTING EARLY

Statewide Primary August 11, 2020

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LEADERSHIP. EXPERIENCE. RESULTS.

Thank You for Investing in Our Community How we act now determines how we live later.

• A RECORD OF PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION

Remember to Vote

Shop Locally

• LEADERSHIP THROUGH THE COVID19 CRISIS

Wear a Mask

VOTE

BY OR ON

AUGUST 11

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TOGETHER WE CAN

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BUILD a clean, green economy that puts Vermonters back to work with decent-paying jobs.

FIGHT the climate crisis in a way that builds economic opportunity and ensures a healthy future.

CHAMPION social justice by

reforming our broken criminal justice system, building affordable housing, expanding broadband and increasing healthcare access for all Vermonters.

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LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR, LEGISLATOR, ORGANIC FARMER, SMALL BUSINESS OWNER, AND FATHER

BRINGING VERMONTERS' VOICES TO MONTPELIER FOR OVER TWO DECADES

VOTE IN THE AUG 11TH PRIMARY

BY MAIL OR IN PERSON Untitled-48 1

“I have worked with David in Montpelier for the last six years and watched him engage and listen to Vermonters from across the political spectrum. As Governor, David will work with us all to build an equitable and sustainable future for Vermont.�

— BECCA BALINT, SENATE MAJORITY LEADER SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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A familiar voice with a new perspective.

Please Vote - August 11

Democrat for State Senate Background & Qualifications

Priorities

• • • • •

• • • • •

3 Term South Burlington City Councilor University of Vermont Faculty Senate President Green Mountain Transit Board Chair & Vice Chair Deep Rooted Vermont Values Lifelong Community Volunteer

nd Guidelines - Logo & Icon

Phil Pouech, Hinesburg Selectboard Chair

I was excited to learn Tom Chittenden is running for State Senate. Serving with Tom on the Green Mountain Transit board, allowed me to see his ‘workings’ up close. Tom’s logic and opinions are based on a solid moral foundation resulting in ideas and decisions that benefit our common good.

Add to this his positive outlook and commonsense approach gives me confidence that Tom’s vision and leadership is exactly what we all need right now.

Affordability Helping Neighbors Environmentally Sustainable Economic Growth Opportunity for Current & Future Vermonters Keeping Vermont Green

Jane Knodell, University of Vermont Professor of Economics

Thomas is the kind of collaborative leader we need in the Senate. He will listen to all perspectives, consult widely, then work with others to move his community and his state forward.

He will apply his knowledge of sustainable business and economics to help build a stronger, greener business base in Vermont, one that creates opportunity and high-wage jobs. We need leaders like Thomas now more than ever.

State Representative Curt McCormack, Chittenden 6-3

Tom Chittenden is a leader for both working people and the environment in everything he does. At UVM, twice elected Faculty President, he has been the union representative and teaches Green IT. As Green Mountain Transit Board President, Tom ushered through a fair, good for employee’s, union contract, obtained the first two electric buses in the State and expanded routes and service. As a South Burlington City Councilor, he fought for the City Center, an exciting project underway to make a downtown in the middle of one of our more suburban towns.

I am looking forward to voting for Tom Chittenden for Chittenden County Senate in the Democratic Primary on August 11.

thomaschittenden.com Paid for by Thomas Chittenden for State Senate 4

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

Welcome to the Seven Days Pandemic Primary Voters’ Guide

B

MARC NADEL

ecause of the coronavirus pandemic, this election season is different from any we’ve ever experienced. In recent months, Vermont politicians running for office have not been out knocking on doors or marching in parades.

The incumbents have barely had time to campaign while managing an economic and public health crisis. Voters have had fewer opportunities to get to know their candidates.

Meanwhile, concerns about spreading the virus have prompted election officials to encourage Vermonters to vote by mail. Their efforts appear to be working.

The Secretary of State’s Office has seen a surge in the number of voters seeking absentee ballots for the primary election: There have been a recordbreaking number of such requests — more than 113,000 as of press time.

But voting from home is different from voting in person, and if you do it wrong, your vote won’t count.

To help Vermonters better understand their choices, and how to make them, Seven Days has created our first-ever voters’ guide. In this inaugural issue, you’ll find easy-to-follow instructions about how to mark and mail in your ballot, along with information about how to register and a list of the candidates seeking your vote on — or before — August 11.

Though national politics dominates the news, state elections are far more consequential to our daily lives. Local leaders will be the ones making tough decisions in the months and years ahead about how to best manage our resources to fund schools, stimulate the local economy, address food insecurity and keep us safe.

In other words: It matters whom you pick in this primary, and in the general election this fall, and we’re not just talking about the presidency. If you’ve never tuned in to politics, if you’ve never paid close attention to local elections, now is a great time to start. Read on to find out how.

CATHY RE SME R, DEP UTY P UBL ISH ER

Thanks to Marc Nadel for this pandemic-themed illustration of Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture, perched atop the Statehouse dome.

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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Policy is Personal.

As an ADVOCATE and NONPROFIT LEADER, I've worked with hundreds of Vermonters who have full-time jobs yet struggle to make ends meet. And, I've seen how often POLICIES FAIL THE PEOPLE they are made to support.

To build a sustainable future for all Vermonters, we must: enact PAID FAMILY LEAVE, reimagine CRIMINAL JUSTICE, invest in AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE, prioritize RACIAL EQUITY, and expand UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE.

Vote Tiff Bluemle

Democrat for State Rep. www.tiffbluemle.com

I'm honored to have the support of: Mary Sullivan, South End State Rep. Kesha Ram, State Senate Candidate Doug Hoffer, State Auditor Andy Simon, NPA Ward 5 Nadya Bech-Conger, Teacher Bram Kleppner, Small Business Owner Visit my website to see a full list!

VOTE AUGUST 11

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What sets Kesha apart?

•

Elected to the Vermont Legislature in 2008 at the age of 22

•

Served eight years as a State Representative, including on the Ways & Means Committee

•

Known as a compassionate consensus-builder advancing social, racial, economic, and environmental justice

•

If elected to the State Senate, would serve as the first woman of color and youngest woman in Vermont history

•

VOTE it will make you feel good

Has the existing relationships and knowledge to get tough things done on Day One

Vermont. Forward. Together.

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

Primary Primer What you need to know but were afraid to ask

The primary election for Vermont state offices always occurs on the second Tuesday in August: This year it’s on August 11.

Voters will be choosing the major party candidates for statewide office — the ones who will be on the ballot in the November 3 general election.

This is not Vermont’s presidential primary; that happened on Town Meeting Day, remember?

This primary is actually THREE ELECTIONS IN ONE: The primaries for Democrats, Republicans and Progressives are all held at the same time.

When you’re ready to cast your ballot, you pick the primary in which you want to participate. There’s no party registration in Vermont, so whether you vote by mail or in person, you’ll get ballots for all three primaries. You’ll fill out one and return the other two.

That’s right, YOU CAN ONLY VOTE IN ONE OF THOSE ELECTIONS. Important to note: If you vote by mail, YOU HAVE TO RETURN ALL THREE BALLOTS for your vote to be counted.

No exceptions! If you mess it up, election officials will void your ballot.

There will be no record of which party’s ballot you choose. The only time your ballot preference is recorded is during a presidential primary.

YOU DON’T HAVE TO VOTE IN ALL THE RACES LISTED ON THE

BALLOT. It’s fine to leave some blank if you want.

Though it’s OK to vote for fewer candidates than allowed for each office, if you vote for more, your vote will be disqualified.

FOR YOUR VOTE TO BE COUNTED, YOUR BALLOT MUST ARRIVE AT THE TOWN CLERK’S OFFICE

before the close of business on the day before the election. (This day will vary depending on the hours the town clerk keeps.)

If you can’t get it there in time, you can still DROP YOUR

STILL HAVE QUESTIONS?

BALLOT OFF AT YOUR POLLING PLACE ON PRIMARY ELECTION DAY.

Visit the website for the Vermont Secretary of State at sos.vermont.gov or call your town clerk.

On August 11, all polls in Vermont will open between 5 and 10 a.m. and close at 7 p.m.

825

230

The number of pages in the ‘easy-to-read,’ unannotated, PDF version of the Vermont Election Laws produced by the elections division of the Secretary of State’s Office.

5

The number of employees in the Vermont Secretary of State’s Office who oversee elections.

The number of different ballots that the Secretary of State’s office had to create, proofread and print for this primary election — a Republican, Democratic and Progressive ballot for each of the state’s 275 legislative districts.

246

The number of town clerks responsible for managing elections at the local level.

0

The number of signatures that candidates had to collect to appear on the primary and general election ballots this year. To slow the spread of COVID-19, Vermont lawmakers waived the usual signature requirements, which are: 500 for candidates seeking statewide offices, 100 for the Vermont Senate and county offices, and 50 for the Vermont House.

17

The age at which you’re eligible to vote in the August 11 primary if — and only if — you’ll be 18 by the general election on November 3, 2020.

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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To our neighbors across Vermont,

The safest communities do not have more police—they have more resources.

Vermonters want healthy, vibrant communities that support their needs—needs like health care, housing, childcare, education, and jobs. Instead, Vermont has prioritized investing in a punitive system that fails to deliver justice, spending more than $500 million annually on policing and prisons.

The result? Black and Brown residents are disproportionately stopped, searched, and imprisoned while the number of people killed by Vermont police increases every year.

We must fundamentally reimagine the role of police in our communities.

This election year, ask your candidates for public office to advance racial justice and police accountability with this ten-point action plan: • End qualified immunity.

• Remove police from schools.

• Ban police use of military-grade equipment and techniques.

• Prohibit police from using invasive surveillance technologies.

• Limit police involvement in mental health crises and low-level offenses.

• Require appointment of independent counsel to prosecute police misconduct.

• Increase transparency so that police misconduct cannot be concealed.

• Expand legislative oversight of police, prosecutors, and prisons.

• Establish civilian control and oversight over police.

• INVEST in communities, NOT policing.

Police wield enormous power with little meaningful oversight or accountability. It is time to demand that our laws and our investments match our values as Vermonters, and to affirm—now and always—that Black Lives Matter.

Join us in urging our public officials to prioritize people and communities, not policing and prisons.

PAID FOR BY ACLU VERMONT

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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How to Vote in the August 11 Primary Are you registered to vote in Vermont?

YES!

BY MAIL

Fill out a voter registration form at your town clerk’s office, or register online at olvr.vermont.gov. If you wait until election day, you can also register in person at the polls.

YES!

Are you sure? Voting by mail during the pandemic is both reliable and safer for you and for the poll workers. Want to give it a try?

IN PERSON

Request an Early Absentee Voter Ballot.

SURE!

FASTER

By Phone

On the web

Fill out the request on the postcard and mail it in.

Postage has already been paid.

Call your town clerk and ask them to send your ballot by mail.

Log in to your My Voter Page at mvp. vermont.gov and request your ballot there.

DROP OFF

Will you drop them off early or on election day?

IMPORTANT: Follow all instructions included with your ballots, or risk spoiling them!

1.

For the primary, you will receive three ballots in the mail, one each for the Republican, Democratic and Progressive primaries.

2.

Select your preferred party and fill out only that ballot using a black pen or pencil.

3.

Put your completed or “voted” ballot in the small envelope provided and sign it to affirm that it’s your ballot.

4.

Put the two unused or “unvoted” ballots in the other small envelope.

5.

Put the two smaller envelopes inside the larger envelope and seal it.

See a video demonstration at sevendaysvt.com/primary-vote-by-mail.

CALL FOR DELIVERY

EARLY ON AUGUST 11

BY MAIL

Put on a mask and go to the office of your town clerk prior to August 11.

Ask for a ballot.

Fill it out there and hand it in.

Mail your ballots far enough in advance that they’ll arrive at the town clerk’s office by the last day the office is open before the election. The postage has already been paid; mail delivery might be slower than usual during the pandemic.

Bring your ballots to the town clerk’s office before it closes on the last day that it’s open before the election.

Bring your ballots to your polling place on election day and drop them off before 7 p.m.

Vermonters who are sick or who have a disability can contact their town clerk and request home delivery of their ballots. This request must be made before 5 p.m. on the

ON AUGUST 11

NO THANKS.

How will you submit your ballots?

FASTEST

By Postcard

Sorry, you can’t vote in the August 11 election.

Do you want to vote early or on election day?

EARLY

There are three ways to do so: online, by phone or by returning the postcard sent to you by the Vermont Secretary of State.

FAST

NO.

To vote in Vermont, you must be a U.S. citizen, a Vermont resident and 18 years old by November 3, 2020. Are you eligible?”

NO.

How do you want to receive your primary ballots?

★★★★★★★★★★★

day before the election.The ballots will be delivered by two justices of the peace — when possible, from different parties. The voter can ask one of them for assistance

Confirm your polling place by calling the town clerk or checking the Secretary of State’s website — it may have changed since the last time you voted.

Put on a mask and go to your polling place on election day.

Give yourself more time than usual because there may be restrictions on the number of people allowed inside at the polls.

filling out the ballot as long as both JPs are present. The officials will then return the ballot to the polling place so it can be counted.

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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Summer

2020 View Activities at

GOODCITIZENVT.COM

Powered by:

Montannah Ovitt of Bakersfield drew this poster encouraging adults to vote for the 2019-2020 Good Citizen Challenge, a youth civics initiative organized by Kids VT and Seven Days. Kids can't vote, but they can learn to be good citizens by studying history, government and news literacy, and by helping their communities! Take part in the Summer 2020 Challenge at GOODCITIZENVT.COM.

With support from:

Evslin Family Foundation

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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Mailing It In Q&A with Secretary of State Jim Condos B Y K E N PICAR D

M

SEVEN DAYS: Are absentee ballots counted by machines or by hand?

JIM CONDOS: It depends. For both primaries and general elections, absentee ballots are treated like any other ballot.

Vermont has 135 towns that use automated tabulators, which represent about 80 percent of the statewide vote, and 111 mostly smaller towns that hand count.

SD: Are absentee ballots counted in advance or on election night?

JC: It’s in statute that they can be counted the day before the election. This year we’re issuing a directive that allows clerks to begin processing absentee ballots 30 days out from the election, but there will be strict regulations on how they do so. If a town uses a tabulator, once they start the process, they will be unable to tell who is winning or losing. The results aren’t known until the tabulator is closed out on election night.

SD: Should we expect results by the end of election night?

JC: You should never expect to have the final results. You can expect unofficial results by the end of election night. By statute, we don’t certify results until seven days after the election is over.

SD: In a typical election, what percentage of absentee ballots are spoiled because they arrived too late or the voter didn’t follow instructions?

JC: I can’t give you an exact number, but Vermont’s rejection rate is less than 1 percent. What rejects a ballot is if John Smith voted absentee and didn’t sign his name on it. Or if he didn’t use the security envelope, or he neglected to fill out the

FILE: JEB WALLACE-BRODEUR

ost Vermont voters typically cast their ballots in person on Election Day, but things are shaping up differently this year. Record numbers of Vermonters have requested absentee ballots for the primary, likely due to concerns over the spread of COVID-19.

To understand the impact of this shift, we turned to Secretary of State Jim Condos. His office oversees Vermont’s elections. The Montpelier Democrat is also on the ballot — he first won the post in 2010 — though he doesn’t have a Democratic primary challenger.

Jim Condos at the Statehouse in 2019

required information on it. Or we have it in our system that he submitted an absentee ballot and then tried to submit another ballot. But we don’t receive many ballots after the election is over.

SD: If a voter loses or never received their absentee ballot, can they still vote in person?

JC: Yes. If someone shows up at their polling place and says they never received or lost their absentee ballot, the poll workers can look it up. Every absentee ballot that’s returned gets recorded and dated. The poll worker can see whether their ballot was received. If the record shows it was not, they will give you another ballot.

SD: Can voters verify that their town clerk received their ballot?

JC: The Vermont Secretary of State website has a “My Voter Page,” or MVP [at mvp.vermont.gov], where voters can enter their name, birthdate, and driver’s license number or last four digits of their Social Security number. The MVP will list the voter’s last known residence, who their town clerk is and what district they’re in.

Voters can pull up sample ballots, order absentee ballots and track when their order came in, when the town clerk processed it and when the clerk received it back.

SD: For the primary, your office sent postcards asking voters to request absentee ballots. For the general election, you plan to just send ballots to all registered voters. Why two different procedures?

JC: First, the primary turnout is typically only 20 to 25 percent of the total voter checklist, so it’s significantly lower than the general election. Second, even if we had wanted to mail ballots to voters for the primary, we couldn’t have because we weren’t prepared to do so. There were too many logistical challenges for us to just turn on a dime for the primary.

SD: Polling places will still be open on election day. What’s your office doing to help poll workers prepare?

JC: We’ve been operating under two principles: One, that every registered voter has the right to cast a ballot; and two, to protect the health and safety of voters, poll workers and town clerks. Because of that, we’ve been working on processes that drive down the number of in-person voters.

SD: So it’s preferable to have Vermonters vote absentee?

JC: From the standpoint of health and safety during this crisis, yes. We’ve already delivered infection prevention kits to all polling locations in Vermont.

T h e y i n c l u d e h a n d s a n i t i z e r s, disinfectant wipes, face masks, gloves and face shields. Polling places will also receive a second kit for the general election that will include additional supplies.

SD: Should Vermont permanently switch to voting by mail?

JC: Currently, five states do it that way: Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and Hawaii. Oregon has been doing it since the late 1990s, and Washington since the early 2000s, so it’s not something new and it shouldn’t be a partisan issue. It’s more expensive because of the cost of postage, as well as printing additional envelopes.

But it’s not costing the state anything additional this year because we received $3 million in federal CARES Act money, as well as another $3 million in federal Help America Vote money. Though some lawmakers want to know whether we should make this procedure permanent, I’ve said that that’s a discussion for after this election, when we’ll have more information on the total costs.

SD: How early do people typically vote absentee?

JC: It varies. People have told me that it’s so nice to be able to sit at their kitchen table with a laptop and pull [up] the different candidates and their policy positions and decide who they want to vote for. You can’t do that at a polling location. Some people like it; some people don’t.

SD: Does voting by mail benefit a particular party or candidate?

JC: No, there’s no evidence of that. The Brennan Center for Justice did a study showing that absentee voting doesn’t benefit either party.

SD: How do absentee ballot requests this year compare to previous years?

JC: As of 9 a.m., July 13, we have 74,907 voters who have requested absentee ballots. [The number of absentee ballot requests climbed to 117,932 as of press time on Tuesday, July 21.] In 2018, we had 3,560; and in 2016, we had 7,966. Typically in a primary election, we have 100,000 to 125,000 voters who come out, or about 25 percent of the overall checklist of roughly 480,000 registered voters.

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

Champagne Wishes and Ballot Box Dreams Vermont’s most prolific voter registrant signs up No. 1,304 S TO RY & PHOT O BY CHE LSE A EDGAR

A

s of July 10, Andrew Champagne had, by his but Andrew Champagne keeps track own count, registered 1,304 people to vote in of such things. the state of Vermont. I was the 1,304th. All Champagne has graying hair, of my previous registration experiences have horn-rimmed glasses and the involved appeasing a disgruntled civil servant at a DMV wholesome, unremitting pep or dropping an envelope into a mailbox with a stamp and of a student body president. a prayer; in both scenarios, success has seemed strangely On a stupefyingly humid arbitrary, a fluky combination of magic and bureaucracy. Friday afternoon, I met him But Champagne has made it his personal quest on Church Street, on a bench to ensure that any Social Security cardcarrying adult who resides in Vermont can cast a ballot here — and to make registering to vote feel like securing a permanent spot on the guest list of the world’s best party, which, in Champagne’s view, is American civic life.

Since 2012, Champagne has been setting up booths at events all over Burlington, at AN DRE W C H AMPAGNE Higher Ground and Nectar’s and Grand Point North. Last winter, a Seven Days colleague spotted him at a Prince tribute show at Waterworks Food + Drink in Winooski, chatting up drunk concertgoers as they stumbled to the restrooms.

He’s registered people 60 and older who have never voted before, people with felony convictions, people who are homeless or insecurely housed. “Our most vulnerable citizens are the most under-registered and underrepresented,” he told me. “If I can help anyone get the confidence to vote for the first time, that makes me feel like I’m doing something good for my country.”

Champagne, 57, grew up in West Hartford, Conn. As an undergraduate, he attended the University of Vermont and Trinity College in Hartford, where he majored in history and political science. He’s lived in Burlington for 25 years, most of which he’s spent on Greene Street in the Old North End. He is a two-term inspector of elections for his ward — essentially, a hallway monitor for democracy— and a fiveterm justice of the peace. His fealty to the Democratic Party resembles the obsessive, almost mechanical devotion of a rock groupie; in fact, Champagne has done a lot of gallivanting around the Burlington music scene.

But his dedication to registering people to vote, which no one pays him to do, transcends partisan politics. Because Vermont doesn’t require that voters list a party preference, Champagne doesn’t ask. And he doesn’t seem to care. He really, really, really just wants people to exercise their right to vote, to feel the wind of participatory democracy in their hair as they stride to their local polling place or the nearest mailbox, ballot in hand. He claims to be the state’s most prolific voter registrant — which no one has disputed, because no one

UNLIKE A LOT OF OTHER STATES,

VERMONT WANTS YOU TO VOTE.

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

across from Burlington City Hall; he wore khaki shorts and a long sleeve button-down shirt, with an “I Voted” pin proudly affixed under the left collar.

From a well-worn Essex Hornets messenger bag, he produced a voter registration form and began filling it out for me.

With a kind of solemn competence, he transcribed my full name, my date and place of birth, the last four digits of my Social Security number, my previous voting address, and my current residence. When I gave him my Burlington street address, he emitted an awe-struck noise, as if I had told him that I live on the slope of an active

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

Vote in the Aug 11 Democratic Primary Long-time affordable housing advocate & former Burlington City Council President running for State Senate.

FIGHTING FOR:

• A liveable wage - at least 15/hr.

• Healthcare and Housing for All • Paid Family & Medical Leave • Green Mountain New Deal

REGISTER YOURSELF If you’re a U.S. citizen, a Vermont resident, and will be over 18 years old by November 3, you can register to vote at olvr.vermont.gov or print out a voter registration form from the site and mail it in.

WANT TO REGISTER IN PERSON? Visit your town clerk. You can also show up at the polls with proof of ID and residency; Vermont allows same-day voter registration.

volcano. “My friend,” he gasped, “there is a marquee matchup in your district!”

He was referring to the Vermont House contest between incumbent Democrat Jean O’Sullivan and Progressive challenger Emma Mulvaney-Stanak, who are both vying for the Democratic nomination for the sole seat in the Chittenden 6-2 district. Champagne has an encyclopedic grasp of state electoral politics; he can list all 14 Vermont counties in alphabetical order in under 10 seconds. He performed this parlor trick for me while I verified that the information on my application was correct.

The voter application doesn’t require proof of residency, such as a Vermontissued driver’s license or a recent piece of mail. I told him I found this astoundingly chill for a state government.

“Here’s a good quote for you,” he said, scrutinizing my signature. “Unlike a lot of other states, Vermont wants you to vote. Is that chicken scratch really your signature?

I think you can do better. Sign again, please.” I obliged. He continued. “We want you to be part of our voting family.

This is the most important election our country has faced since the Constitutional Convention.” In a state of fewer than 700,000 people, Champagne added, every single vote makes a difference.

Champagne’s goal is to register 500 more voters by November and ensure that as many people as possible receive a mail-in ballot. (“I don’t like the term ‘absentee’ ballot,” he explained. “Please do not use that word in your article. You can say, ‘Vote early, in the pleasure of your home.’”)

The pandemic has been a bit of a drag

ENDORSED BY:

for Champagne’s ambitions. During the height of quarantine this spring, he only managed to register a handful of people: “It was, indeed, a fallow period,” he sighed. Champagne, a patriotic citizen of the analog universe, conducts all of his voter registrations with pen and paper.

He chooses not to own a car; whenever he registers someone outside of Burlington, he has to find a ride. R. Christopher Di Mezzo, the communications director for the Vermont Democratic Party, has driven Champagne as far as Rutland to bring someone a form and help them fill it out.

The two met at a Democratic party fundraiser in August 2018, shortly after Di Mezzo moved to Vermont. As Di Mezzo recalls, one of the event planners mentioned that they needed an extra table for someone named Andrew. “I was like, ‘Who is this guy, and why does he need his own table?’” said Di Mezzo. “And they said, ‘Just you wait.’” That evening, Champagne registered him to vote.

Since then, Champagne has updated Di Mezzo’s registration every time he’s moved to a new address. At this point, he can recite Di Mezzo’s phone number from memory. (“My girlfriend can’t even do that!” Di Mezzo told me.)

“To Andrew, voting is the single most important act of patriotism,” Di Mezzo said. “I think he does what he does because he thinks it’s right, and he wants to give back to his country.”

After I had re-signed my application to Champagne’s quality standards, he gave me a sticker (“I Registered to Vote Today!”) and offered to mail my completed application for me. I told him that wasn’t necessary. “My friend, it is an honor and a privilege,” he insisted.

He sent me home with mail-in ballot applications for my roommates. “If they don’t feel like filling them out, I’ll come to your house and do it for them. And please,” he added, “make sure you call me and let me know when you get your ballot in the mail, will you?”

Contact: chelsea@sevendaysvt.com

Doug Racine, former Lt. Governor Peter Clavelle, former Burlington Mayor Carina Driscoll, former State Rep & City Councilor Rep. Diana Gonzalez, Winooski Rights & Democracy VT • VT Progressive Party

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

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Candidates for Governor of Vermont P RIMARY

2020

REPUBLICAN

T

he winning candidate in this election will take office during a global pandemic and face the daunting task of helping the state recover from an economic and public health crisis.

Are these candidates up to the job?

To give us a glimpse of their qualifications, we asked them to respond to the following queries: 1.

2.

3.

What do you believe is the single biggest challenge facing Vermonters right now?

What experience has best prepared you to serve as the chief executive of the state of Vermont?

Name the Vermonter who has inspired you the most and explain why.

Information was provided by the candidates.

Douglas Cavett

John Klar

Bernard Peters

Emily Peyton

Phil Scott

facebook/dougcavett

klar2020.com

no website

emilypeyton.com

philscott.org

Works for Rhino Foods and Our 2020-Vision Campaign

Farmer, writer, attorney

Works for the state Agency of Transportation

Small business owner: Hempfully Green and founder of Hempstone Villages; social justice activist; alternate presider for the national de jure usARepublick

Governor of Vermont

MILTON

1. The biggest challenge facing Vermonters right now is abolishing the Vermont Department of Corrections as we know it today and replacing it with my plan for a University of Wellness and Equity.

VTDOC neither reforms nor rehabilitates, but instead increases the risk of continued criminal acts in our neighborhoods.

2. The experience that has best prepared me to serve as chief executive of the State of Vermont is my continued work as a certified Vermont legal assistant. In doing so, I discovered that prosecutors can legally present false evidence to the court, and videotaping group strip searches is legally defended!?!

3. Vermont Governor Madeleine Kunin inspired me by wanting to do the “most good for the most people, every day!”

Some candidates are affiliated with more than one political party but are listed here according to the party ballot on which they appear in this primary.

14

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

BROOKFIELD

1. Economy: Vermont’s first-quarter GDP dropped 6.1 percent, its pensions are grossly underfunded, schools and healthcare are among the most expensive in the nation.

Detailed economic plan at klar2020.com: “The 2020 Vermont Farming Manifesto.” Growing farms grows tourism and business, preserves our culture, and secures a healthy local food supply.

2. I studied tax law, and worked for several years as a tax attorney before becoming a criminal defense and family law attorney. I left law and farmed in the Northeast Kingdom for 20 years.

I know farming and the constitution, and I understand pensions, budgets and finance.

3. Governor Jim Douglas has been a model of good character, scholarship and integrity and served our state admirably.

IRASBURG

1. The biggest challenge right now in Vermont is the high taxes Vermonters have to pay, and these taxes keep rising. When you get to the point that you can’t afford to live here, people will leave Vermont even though they love it here.

2. With my family living here in Vermont for generations, we have seen and overcome a lot of different problems.

By going through these problems, it has prepared me to know how to solve them.

3. Senator George Aiken, because he always put Vermont and the people first. He always worked for their betterment.

PUTNEY

1. Enemies of humanity, near and far, endanger us. With my leadership restoring our freedom and unalienable rights, together we will act to take charge of our destiny. I’ll put in a People’s Exchange, a just monetary system that rewards our virtue.

Enemies of humanity will be stopped, peace will begin.

2. We are equal; no one is above another. I work at quantum and 3D levels to inspire needed courage of free people. My 20 years of activism has taught me how to methodically move dynamic political power into the people’s hands through neighborhood councils and people’s assemblies, evolving our future.

3. Ray Ann Reed especially, whose goodness fuels my passion for our better world, and all my Gen X and Z friends.

BERLIN

1. While our long-standing demographic challenges remain, this once-in-acentury public health crisis, and the economic crisis it’s caused, are the biggest challenges facing Vermont. To weather the storm, we need proven, steady leadership. I’ll continue to rely on the experts and make the difficult decisions in the best interest of Vermonters.

2. Having served four years as governor, six as lieutenant governor and 10 as a senator, my two decades of experience will be critical in our response to this crisis. And with 30 years running a small business, I know what it’s like to make tough decisions and work long hours.

3. Sen. Dick Mazza, a Democrat who took me under his wing in the Senate. He cares about solutions, not politics.

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

DEMOCRAT

Ralph “Carcajou” Corbo

PROGRESSIVE

Rebecca Holcombe

Patrick Winburn

David Zuckerman

Cris Ericson

Boots Wardinski

WALLINGFORD

rebeccaholcombe.com

winburn2020.com

zuckermanforvt.com

crisericson.com

no website

no website

Former state secretary of education

Attorney

Lt. Governor

Activist

1. Even before the pandemic, so many of our family, friends and neighbors were falling through the cracks. We need a system that works for everyone, not just the wealthy and connected. I’ll champion legislation that Governor Scott vetoed — like a minimum wage increase and paid family leave.

1. The economic struggles exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic are the single biggest challenge facing Vermonters. We cannot allow so many of our fellow Vermonters to fall between the cracks, especially during this economic downturn. We must pass a living wage, build affordable housing, address racial inequity, and expand broadband access.

Did not send answers by press time.

Farmer, landscaper and current chair of Liberty Union Party

Rural carrier associate for the United States Postal Service; fired in April 2019 for standing up for basic employee rights

1. The biggest challenge for Vermont, as it is for the rest of the nation, is to break the power of the military/industrial/ congressional complex, which siphons off billions of federal tax dollars into a bloated defense department budget, depriving the state of much-needed program funding and grants.

2. The experience that has best prepared me for government service is that of having lived through and studied state and national political history and having lived and worked among all peoples and segments of American society.

3. Vermont governor Deane Davis, who never forgot that Vermont’s natural environment is its highest priority and most treasured asset.

NORWICH

1. Our biggest challenge is to find a way to weather this storm and respond in a way that strengthens us. If we plan carefully and respond nimbly, we can come out the other side stronger economically, with a dramatically improved infrastructure and a renewed commitment to education and equity.

2. I am the only Democratic candidate with state-level executive experience. I managed complex systems, worked across state agencies, was accountable to taxpayers, and balanced needs despite an effective 40 percent cut in state revenue. In the current crisis, we need a governor who understands education and can manage changing circumstances.

3. Rainbow Chen, a Winooski HS graduate and student member of the State Board of Education. She represents the opportunity and sustainable future young Vermonters deserve.

BENNINGTON

2. As an attorney I’ve always fought for the “little guy” and would do the same as governor. Just as I advocated for justice in court, my administration will fight for justice across our state — whether that be racial, economic, social or environmental justice.

3. Senator George Aiken was a Republican but always did what was best for Vermonters, including advocating to bring troops home from Vietnam.

HINESBURG

CHESTER

NEWBURY

1. Making sure that all Vermonters have adequate food, clothing and shelter.

2. Past president of the Montpelier farmers market.

3. Michael Colby: He was not afraid to take on Cabot and Ben & Jerry’s for their lack of support of organic farming.

2. I am a small business owner and organic farmer. I know how to find efficiencies to improve the business while working to increase wages and take care of my workers. I know how to think creatively and adjust to new challenges and changing weather events while working to build resiliency.

3. Enid Wonnacott led the Northeast Organic Farming Association of Vermont. She grew NOFAVT from a shoebox into an international leader.

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

15

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Candidates for Lieutenant Governor REPUBLICAN PRIMARY

2020 T

he lieutenant governor presides over the Vermont Senate, but the office is largely a ceremonial one — unless the governor is incapacitated or unable to serve. In that case, the LG takes over the top job, as lieutenant governor Howard Dean did in 1991 following the sudden death of thengovernor Richard Snelling.

The current incumbent, David Zuckerman, is running for governor, and numerous candidates are vying for the open seat. We asked each of them to respond to these two questions: 1.

2.

What sets you apart from the other candidates seeking this office?

If you were to become governor during your term, would you feel obliged to carry out the agenda of the governor you replaced?

Dana Colson Jr.

Meg Hansen

Jim Hogue

Scott Milne

Dwayne Tucker

colson4ltgov.com

hansenforvermont.com

no website

scottmilne.org

no website

Owner of North Country Welding Supply, LLC

Owner of a small communications firm. Prior to running, was the creator/host of a TV show on the YCN Network called “Dialogues with Meg Hansen.”

Actor, historian, farmer

President of Vermontbased Milne Travel

Self-employed contractor

1. Now more than ever, Vermont families need leaders who understand the challenge of running a small business and creating and protecting good jobs. I am the strongest candidate for jobs and economic recovery, with a lifetime of experience growing a business and employing Vermonters.

Did not send answers by press time.

SHARON

1. I am a native Vermonter raised on a farm with dual degrees in engineering and business. I currently own and operate North Country Welding Supply, LLC. I’m not a career politician or millionaire. However, my roots run deeper than their pockets. I am the candidate for change.

2. If I were to become governor during my term, my first obligation would be to all Vermonters. I would seek common ground wherever possible and strive to unite not divide Vermont.

It’s in our state motto “Freedom and Unity.”

Information was provided by the candidates.

Some candidates are affiliated with more than one political party but are listed here according to the party ballot on which they appear in this primary.

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SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

MANCHESTER

1. I’m a bold advocate for center-right convictions, offering a vision of prosperity for middle-class families.

An Indian American, I live in underrepresented southern Vermont. With the British equivalent of a U.S. MD and experience leading a health policy think tank, I’m uniquely suited to help Vermonters recover from a pandemic.

2. I’m running for Lt. Governor for the reasons explained above, and not as a means to another political end. If a crisis were to elevate me to the governorship, I would prioritize maintaining stability in governance, and that would preclude upending my predecessor’s agenda.

CALAIS

1. I challenge the current protocols on COVID-19. I’m in favor of a state bank. I will get behind farmers to improve our topsoil, to capture and store stormwater to mitigate flooding, and to contribute to a working watershed. This will result in clean water and less flooding.

2. That would depend on what the agenda was. I wouldn’t feel obliged to carry it out if I didn’t think it was healthy, profitable or wise for the state. If he wanted to cut down all the maple trees, I wouldn’t want to carry out that particular agenda.

POMFRET

2. I would not be obliged to work for policy goals that are not consistent with my core principles and beliefs regarding what is best for Vermont families and communities.

BARRE TOWN

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

DEMOCRAT

PROGRESSIVE

7 top news stories

5 days a week

Tim Ashe

Molly Gray

Debbie Ingram

Brenda Siegel

Cris Ericson

timashe.com

mollyforvermont.com

ingramvt.com

brendaforvermont.com

crisericson.com

Vermont Senate president

Vermont assistant attorney general,adjunct professor at Vermont Law School

State senator for Chittenden County

Teacher, policy advocate, smallbusiness owner, single mom

Activist

BURLINGTON

1. I’ve helped lead Vermont through COVID-19 and have led passage of major legislation regarding racial justice, reproductive rights, the minimum wage, climate change, clean water, mental health, and gun safety. I’m ready on day one to assist the governor and guide the legislature to get us back on steady ground.

2. My first objective would be to stabilize the state in the wake of crisis and assure Vermonters that their government is in calm, steady hands. I’d then look to retool the budget and policy priorities by emphasizing common ground between the governor’s and my vision for Vermont.

SOUTH NEWBURY

1. I was born, raised and educated in Vermont. I’ve worked in Washington for our Congressman, Peter Welch, and around the globe to promote human rights. I have the experience we need in this moment to unify Vermont, lead us through this crisis and build a brighter future for our state.

2. If the worst happens and I’m called to serve as governor, my priority would be to provide stability and meet the immediate needs of Vermonters in their grief. I have the skills and experience to bring Vermont through crisis with clear-eyed leadership and a shared vision for a better future.

WILLISTON

1. I have the elected political experience to become governor if necessary; the best record on society’s most urgent issue — dismantling racial injustice; the people skills to listen to everyday Vermonters’ challenges and solutions; and the life experience to help folks through these troubling times and come out stronger.

2. No, I would not.

I will run on the issues and policies I prioritize, making them clear to voters.

Since the governor and lieutenant governor run separately and not as a ticket in the Vermont system, each official is then free to act according to their conscience when elected.

NEWFANE

1. I have faced adversity and turned it into action. I founded a project designed as a long-term economic driver following a crisis. It is time to work in partnership with Vermonters to build a path for marginalized and forgotten voices to have a seat at the table.

2. I would only become governor should Vermont experience a tragic loss. This would be a time for our state to heal from tragedy and create stability.

We would have to look at the current administration and transition to a Siegel administration, being cautious to honor the reasons Vermonters elected that governor.

CHESTER

1 convenient email

Did not send answers by press time.

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monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020 4v-daily7-cmyk.indd 1

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Candidates for statewide and legislative offices The following candidates appear on the primary ballots for these statewide and legislative offices. Candidates are listed alphabetically by party, and then by last name. Candidates for high bailiff can be found online at sos.vermont.gov.

STATE SENATOR ADDISON Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Christopher Bray (D)* BRISTOL

brayforvermont.us

Ruth Hardy (D)*

CHITTENDEN

Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Phil Baruth (D)*

Ron Horton (D)

facebook.com/ baruthsenate

ronhorton.info

BURLINGTON

Thomas Chittenden (D) SOUTH BURLINGTON

thomaschittenden.com

ruthforvermont.com

Peter Briggs (R)

vtdylan.com

ADDISON

ESSEX

June D. Heston (D)

BENNINGTON Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Brian Campion (D)* BENNINGTON

Dick Sears (D)* BENNINGTON

CALEDONIA Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Matthew Choate (D) DANVILLE

Jane Kitchel (D)* DANVILLE

kitchelforsenate.com

Joe Benning (R)* LYNDON

joebenning.com

Charles W. Wilson (R) LYNDON

ESSEX-ORLEANS

Vote for no more than SIX per party.

Dylan Giambatista (D)

MIDDLEBURY

Information was provided by the candidates. Some candidates are affiliated with more than one political party but are listed here according to the party ballot on which they appear in this primary.

RICHMOND

juneheston4vt.com

Virginia “Ginny” Lyons (D)*

JAY

Robert Starr (D)* TROY

Russ Ingalls (R) NEWPORT CITY

FRANKLIN Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Randy Brock (R)* SWANTON

randybrock.com

Corey Parent (R)* SAINT ALBANS TOWN

coreyparent.com

WILLISTON

senatorginnylyons.com

Erhard Mahnke (D) BURLINGTON

erhardforsenate.com

Steve May (D) RICHMOND

steveforvt.com

Louis Meyers (D) SOUTH BURLINGTON

Christopher A. Pearson (D)* BURLINGTON

senatorpearson.com

Kesha Ram (D) BURLINGTON

kesharam.com

Adam Roof (D) BURLINGTON

GRAND ISLE Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Richard “Dick” Mazza (D)* COLCHESTER

LAMOILLE Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Richard A. Westman (R)* CAMBRIDGE

ORANGE Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Susan Hatch Davis (D)

adamroof.com

WASHINGTON

David Scherr (D)

Mark A. MacDonald (D)*

BURLINGTON

davidscherr.org

Michael Sirotkin (D)*

SOUTH BURLINGTON

MILTON

Ericka Redic (R) BURLINGTON

erickaredic.com

18

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

ATTORNEY GENERAL T.J. Donovan (D)* SOUTH BURLINGTON

donovanforvermont.com

STATE TREASURER

Cris Ericson (P)

Beth Pearce (D)*

H. Brooke Paige (R)

bethpearce.com

brookepaige.us

Cris Ericson (P)

Emily Peyton (R)

politics2020.org

emilypeyton.com

CHESTER

politics2020.org WASHINGTON

BARRE CITY

PUTNEY

CHESTER

Carolyn Whitney Branagan (R) GEORGIA

SECRETARY OF STATE

REPRESENTATIVE TO CONGRESS Ralph “Carcajou” Corbo (D)

Jim Condos (D)*

WALLINGFORD

jimcondos.com

NORWICH

Peter Welch (D)*

MONTPELIER

Cris Ericson (P)

welchforcongress.com

politics2020.org

RYEGATE

Chris Brimmer (P)

CHESTER

H. Brooke Paige (R)

Facebook

brookepaige.us

CHESTER

Cris Ericson (P)

WASHINGTON

AUDITOR OF ACCOUNTS Doug Hoffer (D)*

politics2020.org

Miriam Berry (R) ESSEX

berry2020.net

Jimmy Rodriguez (R)

BURLINGTON

MONTPELIER

hofferforauditor.com

Linda Joy Sullivan (D) DORSET

jimmy4congress.com

Justin Tuthill (R) POMFRET

lindajoy4auditorvt.com

tuthillforcongress.com

Cris Ericson (P)

Anya Tynio (R)

CHESTER

CHARLESTON

politics2020.org

anyatynioforcongress.com

Bill T. Huff (R) THETFORD

huffforvtstatesenate.com

RUTLAND Vote for no more than THREE per party.

Larry Courcelle (D) MENDON

* = INCUMBENT

RACES

WILLIAMSTOWN

sirotkinforsenate.com

Tom Chastenay (R)

STATEWIDE

Greg Cox (D) WEST RUTLAND

Cheryl M. Hooker (D)* RUTLAND CITY

Christopher Hoyt (D)

Joshua C. Terenzini (R)

Brian “BC” Collamore (R)*

Terry K. Williams (R)

WEST HAVEN

RUTLAND TOWN

RUTLAND TOWN

POULTNEY

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★ WASHINGTON Vote for no more than THREE per party.

Ann Cummings (D)* MONTPELIER

Theo Kennedy (D) MIDDLESEX

theokennedyforsenate.com

Andrew Perchlik (D)* MONTPELIER

Anthony Pollina (D)* MIDDLESEX

pollinaforstatesenate.com

Ken Alger (R) BARRE TOWN

facebook.com/ kenalgerforvtsenate

Dawnmarie Tomasi (R) BARRE TOWN

Dwayne Tucker (R) BARRE TOWN

Brent Young (R) BARRE TOWN

WINDHAM Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Becca Balint (D)* BRATTLEBORO

beccabalint.com

Jeanette White (D)* PUTNEY

WINDSOR Vote for no more than THREE per party.

Alison H. Clarkson (D)* WOODSTOCK

alisonclarkson.org

Richard J. “Dick” McCormack (D)* BETHEL

Alice W. Nitka (D)* LUDLOW

Michael Jasinski Sr. (R) SPRINGFIELD

Jack Williams (R) WEATHERSFIELD

facebook.com/ jackwilliams4statesenate

STATE REPRESENTATIVE ADDISON-1 Middlebury Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Robin Scheu (D)*

ADDISON-5

Glastonbury, Shaftsbury, Sunderland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Jubilee McGill (D)

David K. Durfee (D)*

BRIDPORT

Harvey T. Smith (R)* NEW HAVEN

MIDDLEBURY

robinscheu.com

Amy Sheldon (D)*

ADDISON-RUTLAND

facebook.com/ repamysheldon

Benson, Orwell, Shoreham, Whiting Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Thomas A. Hughes (R)

Barbara Wilson (D)

MIDDLEBURY

MIDDLEBURY

SHOREHAM

barbarawilsonvt.com

ADDISON-2 Cornwall, Goshen, Hancock, Leicester, Ripton, Salisbury Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Peter Conlon (D)* CORNWALL

conlonforhouse.com

ADDISON-3 Addison, Ferrisburgh, Panton, Vergennes, Waltham Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Matt Birong (D)* VERGENNES

Diane Lanpher (D)* VERGENNES

Tim Buskey (R) ADDISON

ADDISON-4 Bristol, Lincoln, Monkton, Starksboro Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Mari Cordes (D)* LINCOLN

maricordes.org

Caleb Elder (D)* STARKSBORO

calebelder.com

Lynn Dike (R) BRISTOL

Valerie Mullin (R) MONKTON

BENNINGTON-3

Bridport, New Haven, Weybridge Vote for no more than ONE per party.

BENNINGTON-1 Pownal, Woodford Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Nelson Brownell (D)* POWNAL

BENNINGTON-2-1 Bennington Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Timothy R. Corcoran II (D)* BENNINGTON

Michael Louis Stern (D) BENNINGTON

Dane Whitman (D) BENNINGTON

BENNINGTON

BENNINGTON-2-2 Bennington Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Jim Carroll (D)* BENNINGTON

Mary A. Morrissey (R)* BENNINGTON

Jana Brown (D)

SAINT JOHNSBURY

campbellforvermont.com

Brice C. Simon (D)

SHAFTSBURY

Francis E. Kinney (R) SHAFTSBURY

BENNINGTON-4 Arlington, Manchester, Sandgate Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Seth Bongartz (D) MANCHESTER

seth4house.com

Jamie Dufour (D) MANCHESTER

Kathleen James (D)* MANCHESTER

kathjamesforstaterep. com

BENNINGTONRUTLAND Danby, Dorset, Landgrove, Mount Tabor, Peru Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Linda Joy Sullivan (D)* DORSET

lindajoy4auditorvt.com

CALEDONIA-1

SAINT JOHNSBURY

Scott Beck (R)* SAINT JOHNSBURY

scottbeckstj.com

Frank Empsall (R) SAINT JOHNSBURY

CALEDONIA-4 Burke, Lyndon, Sutton Vote for no more than TWO per party.

David Hammond (D) BURKE

Dennis R. Labounty (D) LYNDON

Christian Bradley Hubbs (P) BURKE

Martha “Marty” Feltus (R)* LYNDON

Patrick Seymour (R)* SUTTON

CALEDONIAWASHINGTON Cabot, Danville, Peacham Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Barnet, Ryegate, Waterford Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Peter Griffin (D)

Dylan Stetson (P)

Gwendolyn Hallsmith (D)

WATERFORD

Marcia Robinson Martel (R)* WATERFORD

BENNINGTON

Michael Nigro (D)

R. Scott Campbell (D)*

durfeeforvermont.com

Victor K. Harwood Jr. (R)

CALEDONIA-2 Hardwick, Stannard, Walden Vote for no more than ONE per party.

CHITTENDEN-1 Richmond Vote for no more than ONE per party.

SHAFTSBURY

daneforbennington.com

Colleen Harrington (R)

CALEDONIA-3 St. Johnsbury Vote for no more than TWO per party.

DANVILLE

griffinforvthouse.com

CABOT

hallsmith.org

Bruce A. Melendy (R) DANVILLE

Henry Pearl (D)

RICHMOND

CHITTENDEN-2 Williston Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Erin Brady (D) WILLISTON

erinbradyforwilliston.com

Jim McCullough (D)* WILLISTON

CHITTENDEN-3 Jericho, Underhill Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Trevor J. Squirrell (D)* UNDERHILL

George Till (D)* JERICHO

Paul Gross (R) JERICHO

CHITTENDEN-4-1 Charlotte Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Michael “Mike” Yantachka (D)* CHARLOTTE

mikeyantachka.com

CHITTENDEN-4-2 Hinesburg Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Christina Deeley (D) HINESBURG

deeleyforvt.com

Bill Lippert (D)* HINESBURG

Dean Rolland (R) HINESBURG

Sarah Toscano (R) HINESBURG

DANVILLE

facebook.com/ pearlforhouse

Chip Troiano (D)* STANNARD

CONTINUED

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

» P.20 19

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

STATE REPRESENTATIVE « CONTINUED FROM

P.19

CHITTENDEN-5-1 Shelburne Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Kate Webb (D)* SHELBURNE

CHITTENDEN-5-2 St. George, Shelburne Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Jessica Brumsted (D)* SHELBURNE

CHITTENDEN-6-1 Burlington (New North End) Vote for no more than TWO per party.

CHITTENDEN-6-4

CHITTENDEN-7-1

CHITTENDEN-8-2

CHITTENDEN-10

Burlington (University of Vermont) Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Burlington (Queen City Park) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Essex Junction Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Milton Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Brian Cina (D)*

Martin LaLonde (D)*

Karen Dolan (D)

Emily Hecker (D)

dolanforvthouse.com

Ember Quinn (D)

BURLINGTON

cinaforhouse.com

Selene Colburn (D)* BURLINGTON

selenecolburn.org

CHITTENDEN-6-5 Burlington (South End) Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Tiff Bluemle (D) BURLINGTON

tiffbluemle.com

Scott Pavek (D) BURLINGTON

scottpavek.com

Gabrielle Stebbins (D) stebbinsforvt.com

bobhooper.org

BURLINGTON

Carol Ode (D)* BURLINGTON

CHITTENDEN-6-2 Burlington (West) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Emma MulvaneyStanak (D) BURLINGTON

emmamulvaneystanak. com

Jean O’Sullivan (D)* BURLINGTON

CHITTENDEN-6-3 Burlington (Old North End) Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Jill Krowinski (D)*

CHITTENDEN-7-2 Burlington (Rt. 116) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Ann Pugh (D)* SOUTH BURLINGTON

repannpugh.com

CHITTENDEN-7-3

CHITTENDEN-7-4

Maida F. Townsend (D)*

CHITTENDEN-6-6

SOUTH BURLINGTON

maidatownsend.org

CHITTENDEN-8-1

Burlington (Hill Section) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Essex Junction Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Barbara Rachelson (D)*

Marybeth Redmond (D)*

barbararachelson.com

marybethredmond.com

BURLINGTON

CHITTENDEN-6-7 Winooski, Burlington (Riverside) Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Hal Colston (D)* WINOOSKI

Jordan Matte (D) WINOOSKI

jillkrowinski.com

Taylor Small (D) WINOOSKI

taylorsmallvt.com

BURLINGTON

curtmccormack.com

Patrick Murray (D)

John Palasik (R)*

ESSEX

patvt.com

Edmond J. Daudelin (R) CHITTENDEN-8-3

Alyssa Black (D)

johnkillacky.com

ESSEX

Brian Shelden (D) ESSEX

shelden4vt.org

ESSEX

alyssaforvt.org

Robert L. Bancroft (R)* WESTFORD

CHITTENDEN-9-1 Colchester Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Seth Chase (D)* COLCHESTER

Curt Taylor (D)* COLCHESTER

ct4vt.com

Deserae Morin (R) COLCHESTER

Doug Wood (R) COLCHESTER

CHITTENDEN-9-2 Colchester Vote for no more than TWO per party.

tanyavforvt.com

Sarita Austin (D)*

Maryse B. Dunbar (R) ESSEX

Thomas M. Nelson (R) ESSEX

COLCHESTER

Patrick Brennan (R)* COLCHESTER

Alex Darr (R) COLCHESTER

Jon Lynch (R) COLCHESTER

* = INCUMBENT 20

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

MILTON

MILTON

ESSEX-CALEDONIA Brunswick, Concord, Guildhall, Granby, Kirby, Lunenburg, Maidstone, Victory Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Clement “Clem” Bissonnette (D) GUILDHALL

Terri Lynn Williams (R) GRANBY

ESSEX-CALEDONIAORLEANS (15 towns) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Martha W. Allen (D) CANAAN

facebook.com/chase4vt

Tanya Vyhovsky (D) ESSEX

MILTON

Chris Mattos (R)*

John Killacky (D)* SOUTH BURLINGTON

MILTON

lorihoughton.com

Essex, Westford Vote for no more than ONE per party.

jessepaulwarren.com

BURLINGTON

ESSEX

South Burlington (Kennedy Dr.) Vote for no more than ONE per party.

South Burlington Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Annie Wohland (D)

Lori Houghton (D)*

ESSEX

Jesse Paul Warren (D)

BURLINGTON

Curt McCormack (D)*

martinlalondevt.com

BURLINGTON

Robert Hooper (D)* BURLINGTON

SOUTH BURLINGTON

ESSEX

FRANKLIN-1

Bruce F. Cheeseman (R) SAINT ALBANS TOWN

Casey Toof (R)* SAINT ALBANS TOWN

caseytoof.com

FRANKLIN-3-2 Saint Albans Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Eileen “Lynn” Dickinson (R)* SAINT ALBANS TOWN

FRANKLIN-4 Sheldon, Swanton Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Nicholas A. Brosseau (D) SWANTON

facebook.com/ nickbrosseauforstaterep

Robert W. Norris (R) SHELDON

Brian K. Savage (R)* SWANTON

FRANKLIN-5 Berkshire, Franklin, Highgate, Richford Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Charen Fegard (D)*

Georgia Vote for no more than ONE per party.

BERKSHIRE

Sydney McleanLipinski (R)

HIGHGATE

GEORGIA

Carl Rosenquist (R)* GEORGIA

FRANKLIN-3-1 Saint Albans Vote for no more than TWO per party.

David Glidden (D) SAINT ALBANS CITY

davidforvt.com

Mike McCarthy (D)* SAINT ALBANS CITY

charenforhouse.com

Daniel Nadeau (D) Lisa A. Hango (R)* BERKSHIRE

hangoforhouse.com

FRANKLIN-6 Bakersfield, Fairfield, Fletcher Vote for no more than ONE per party.

James Gregoire (R)* FAIRFIELD

jamesgregoire.com

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★ FRANKLIN-7 Enosburg, Montgomery Vote for no more than ONE per party.

LAMOILLE-3 Cambridge, Waterville Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Dennis A. Williams (D)

Lucy Rogers (D)*

Felisha Rose Leffler (R)*

Ferron Wambold (R)

ENOSBURGH

ENOSBURGH

GRAND ISLE-CHITTENDEN Alburg, Grand Isle, Isle La Motte, Milton, North Hero, South Hero Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Mitzi Johnson (D)* SOUTH HERO

Andy Julow (D) NORTH HERO

andyjulow.com

Leland J. Morgan (R)* MILTON

Michael R. Morgan (R) MILTON

LAMOILLE-1 Stowe Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Jo Sabel Courtney (D) STOWE

joforstowe.com

Heidi E. Scheuermann (R)* STOWE

heidischeuermann.com

LAMOILLE-2 Belvidere, Hyde Park, Johnson, Wolcott Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Kate Donnally (D) HYDE PARK

Daniel Noyes (D)* WOLCOTT

dannoyesvt.com

Richard J. Bailey (R) HYDE PARK

Shayne Spence (R) JOHNSON

shaynespence. nationbuilder.com

WATERVILLE

lucyrogersvt.com

CAMBRIDGE

ferronwambold.wixsite. com/vthouse

LAMOILLEWASHINGTON Elmore, Morristown, Woodbury, Worchester Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Avram Patt (D)* WORCESTER

avrampatt.com

David Yacovone (D)* MORRISTOWN

Shannara Johnson (R)

ORANGE-2 Bradford, Fairlee, West Fairlee Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Sarah Copeland Hanzas (D)* BRADFORD

Zachary Michael Lang (R) BRADFORD

ORANGE-CALEDONIA Groton, Newbury, Topsham Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Kelsey RootWinchester (D) NEWBURY

Joe Parsons (R) NEWBURY

ORANGEWASHINGTONADDISON

Tyler Machia (R) machiaforstaterep.com

Jay Hooper (D)*

MORRISTOWN

RANDOLPH

ORANGE-1 Chelsea, Corinth, Orange, Vershire, Washington, Williamstown Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Susan Hatch Davis (D) WASHINGTON

Carl Demrow (D)* CORINTH

carldemrow.com

Kate Maclean (D) CHELSEA

kateforhouse.com

Levar Cole (R) CHELSEA

Rodney Graham (R)* WILLIAMSTOWN

Samantha Lefebvre (R) ORANGE

NEWPORT CITY

ORLEANS-CALEDONIA Albany, Barton, Craftsbury, Glover, Greensboro, Sheffield, Wheelock Vote for no more than TWO per party.

John Elwell (D) CRAFTSBURY

Katherine Sims (D) CRAFTSBURY

katherinesimsforhouse. com

Tabitha Armstrong (R) GLOVER

tabithaarmstrongvt.com

Brookfield, Braintree, Granville, Randolph, Roxbury Vote for no more than TWO per party.

MORRISTOWN

Woodman “Woody” H. Page (R)*

Larry Satcowitz (D) RANDOLPH

larry.satcowitz.com

Joseph Roche (R) BRAINTREE

facebook.com/jrvtstate

Charles Russell (R) RANDOLPH

ORLEANS-1

Frank Huard (R) CRAFTSBURY

Vicki Strong (R)* ALBANY

vickistrong.com

Jeannine A. Young (R) CRAFTSBURY

young4house.com

ORLEANS-LAMOILLE Jay, Eden, Lowell, Troy, Westfield Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Mark A. Higley (R)* LOWELL

RUTLANDBENNINGTON

Brownington, Charleston, Derby, Holland, Morgan Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Middletown Springs, Pawlet, Rupert, Tinmouth, Wells Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Lynn D. Batchelor (R)*

Robin ChesnutTangerman (D)*

DERBY

Brian Smith (R)* DERBY

ORLEANS-2 Coventry, Irasburg, Newport, Troy Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Michael J. Marcotte (R)* COVENTRY

MIDDLETOWN SPRINGS

robinforrep.com

Edgar Cleveland (D) PAWLET

Sally Achey (R) MIDDLETOWN SPRINGS

sally4vtrep.com

RUTLAND-1 Ira, Poultney Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Peter J. Fagan (R)* RUTLAND CITY

RUTLAND-5-2

Patricia A. McCoy (R)*

Rutland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

RUTLAND-2

Larry “Cooper” Cupoli (R)*

POULTNEY

Clarendon, Proctor, Tinmouth, Wallingford, West Rutland Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Ken Fredette (D) WALLINGFORD

kenfredetteforvermont. com

Dave Potter (D)* CLARENDON

Tom Burditt (R)* WEST RUTLAND

Arthur Peterson (R) CLARENDON

RUTLAND-3 Castleton, Fair Haven, Hubbardton, West Haven Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Robert “Bob” Richards (D) FAIR HAVEN

William “Bill” Canfield (R)* FAIR HAVEN

Robert “Bob” Helm (R)* FAIR HAVEN

RUTLAND-4 Rutland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Barbara Noyes Pulling (D) RUTLAND TOWN

pullingforrutlandtown. com

Thomas Terenzini (R)* RUTLAND TOWN

RUTLAND-5-1 Rutland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Jennifer Scott (D)

RUTLAND CITY

RUTLAND-5-3 Rutland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Mary E. Howard (D)* RUTLAND CITY

RUTLAND-5-4 Rutland Vote for no more than ONE per party.

William Notte (D)* RUTLAND CITY

Sherri Prouty (R) RUTLAND CITY

RUTLAND-6 Brandon, Pittsford, Sudbury Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Stephanie Z. Jerome (D)* BRANDON

stephaniejeromevt.com

Charles “Butch” Shaw (R)* PITTSFORD

David Soulia (R) PITTSFORD

votedave.org

RUTLAND-WINDSOR-1 Bridgewater, Chittenden, Killington, Mendon Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Jim Harrison (R)* CHITTENDEN

harrisonforvermont.com

RUTLAND-WINDSOR-2 Ludlow, Mount Holly, Shrewsbury Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Logan Nicoll (D)* LUDLOW

RUTLAND CITY

CONTINUED SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

» P.22 21

★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

STATE REPRESENTATIVE « CONTINUED FROM

P.21

WASHINGTON-1 Berlin, Northfield Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Gordon Bock (D) NORTHFIELD

gordonbock.org

Robert “Rob” Lehmert (D) BERLIN

Denise MacMartin (D) NORTHFIELD

macmartinfor vermonthouse.com

Anne B. Donahue (R)* NORTHFIELD

Kenneth W. Goslant (R)* NORTHFIELD

WASHINGTON-2 Barre Town Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Rob LaClair (R)* BARRE TOWN

Francis “Topper” McFaun (R)* BARRE TOWN

toppermcfaun.com

WASHINGTON-3 Barre City Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Peter D. Anthony (D)* BARRE CITY

Tommy Walz (D)* BARRE CITY

Karen Lauzon (R) BARRE CITY

John Steinman (R) BARRE CITY

WASHINGTON-4

WINDHAM-1

Montpelier Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Guilford, Vernon Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Mary S. Hooper (D)*

Sara Coffey (D)*

MONTPELIER

Warren Kitzmiller (D)* MONTPELIER

Glennie Fitzgerald Sewell (P) MONTPELIER

WASHINGTON-5 East Montpelier, Middlesex Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Kimberly Jessup (D)* MIDDLESEX

kimberlyjessupvt.net

WASHINGTON-6 Calais, Plainfield, Marshfield Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Janet Ancel (D)* CALAIS

GUILFORD

Kari Dolan (D)* WAITSFIELD

Maxine Grad (D)* MORETOWN

WASHINGTONCHITTENDEN

Brattleboro Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Emilie Kornheiser (D)* BRATTLEBORO

emiliekornheiser.org

WINDHAM-2-2 Brattleboro Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Mollie S. Burke (D)* BRATTLEBORO

mollieburke.com

WINDHAM-2-3 Brattleboro Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Tristan Toleno (D)* BRATTLEBORO

WINDHAM-3 Athens, Brookline, Grafton, Rockingham, Windham Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Leslie Goldman (D) ROCKINGHAM

Carolyn W. Partridge (D)* WINDHAM

Buel’s Gore, Bolton, Huntington, Waterbury Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Kelley Tully (D)*

Thomas Stevens (D)*

Dummerston, Putney, Westminster Vote for no more than TWO per party.

WATERBURY

Theresa A. M. Wood (D)*

ROCKINGHAM

WINDHAM-4

WATERBURY

Michelle Bos-Lun (D)

Brock Coderre (R)

michelle4windham.com

WATERBURY

WESTMINSTER

Robert Depino (D) WESTMINSTER

* = INCUMBENT 22

SEVEN DAYS PANDEMIC PRIMARY VOTERS’ GUIDE 2020

PUTNEY

ingram4windhamvt.com

Wesley Raney (R) HARTLAND

WINDSOR-2

WINDSOR-4-2 Hartford Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Mike Mrowicki (D)*

Cavendish, Weathersfield Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Kevin “Coach” Christie (D)*

windham4.net

Daniel Boyer (D)

kevinchristie.org

PUTNEY

WINDHAM-2-1

WASHINGTON-7 Duxbury, Fayston, Moretown, Waitsfield, Warren Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Mathew Ingram (D)

David R. Ramos (D) WESTMINSTER

WINDHAM-5 Newfane, Marlboro, Townshend Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Emily Long (D)* NEWFANE

emilylongvt.com

WINDHAM-6 Halifax, Whitingham, Wilmington Vote for no more than ONE per party.

John Gannon (D)* WILMINGTON

Amy Kamstra (R) HALIFAX

‘WINDHAMBENNINGTON Dover, Searsburg, Somerset, Stamford, Wardsboro Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Matthew Somerville (R)

WEATHERSFIELD

Tyler P. Harwell (D) WEATHERSFIELD

WINDSOR-3-1 Andover, Baltimore, Chester Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Thomas A. Bock (D)* CHESTER

Chester Alden (R) SPRINGFIELD

WINDSOR-3-2 Springfield Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Alice M. Emmons (D)* SPRINGFIELD

Kristi C. Morris (D)* SPRINGFIELD

Stuart Beam (R) SPRINGFIELD

Randy A. Gray (R) SPRINGFIELD

SEARSBURG

WINDSOR-4-1 WINDSOR-1 Hartland, West Windsor, Windsor Vote for no more than TWO per party.

John Bartholomew (D)* HARTLAND

Paul S. Belaski (D) WINDSOR

Elizabeth Burrows (D) WEST WINDSOR

elizabethvt.com

Jennifer Grant (D) HARTLAND

facebook.com/ jenniferbelievesvt

Barnard, Hartford, Pomfret Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Havah Armstrong Walther (D) HARTFORD

havahforvermont.com

Heather Surprenant (D) BARNARD

Mark Donka (R) HARTFORD

HARTFORD

Rebecca White (D)* HARTFORD

beccawhitevt.com

Nicholas Bramlage (P) HARTFORD

Alice Flanders (R) HARTFORD

WINDSOR-5 Plymouth, Reading, Woodstock Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Charlie Kimbell (D)* WOODSTOCK

charliekimbell.com

WINDSOR-ORANGE-1 Royalton, Tunbridge Vote for no more than ONE per party.

John O’Brien (D)* TUNBRIDGE

WINDSOR-ORANGE-2 Norwich, Sharon, Strafford, Thetford Vote for no more than TWO per party.

Tim Briglin (D)* THETFORD

timbriglin.com

Jim Masland (D)* THETFORD

WINDSOR-RUTLAND Bethel, Pittsfield, Rochester, Stockbridge Vote for no more than ONE per party.

Robert Krattli (D) ROCHESTER

Kirk White (D) BETHEL

Wayne D. Townsend (R) BETHEL

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