Photochemistry_2026

PHOTO CHEMISTRY

Version: IB8_5

II

Empowering Peptide Innovation With this guiding theme in mind, Iris Biotech’s mission is to support researchers by supplying • innovative technologies, • rare compounds, • as well as a broad portfolio on standard consumables, available in flexible quantities from small scale to bulk quantities. To fulfill our dedication “Empowering Peptide Innovation”, we are attending various conferences, symposia, and exhibitions each year. This allows us to remain in direct contact with scientists all over the world, both from academia and industry, to exchange knowledge, and to gather new ideas to tackle your current challenges.

Guided by our dedication to provide • competent service, • as well as novel substances and • latest technologies, Iris Biotech is your trusted partner for the world of peptides, while having strong expertise in associated disciplines. Thus, our portfolio comprises reagents and tools for the synthesis and modification of peptides, e.g., amino acids, resins and solvents but also for related technologies such as drug delivery, linkerology® and life sciences.

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Examples are the synthesis of rare chiral building blocks, unnatural amino acid derivatives, sophisticated orthogonal protecting groups, heterocycles, building blocks for nucleotides, PEGs and PEG-analogs as well as specific linkers for controlled drug delivery and release.

Amino Acids

Building Blocks

Life Sciences

Drug Delivery

Reagents

Resins

Linkerology®

Click Chemistry

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III

Protecting Groups

Portfolio Overview Peptide Synthesis and Modification

Linkerology® and Drug Delivery

(Protected) Amino Acids

Linkers for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis

Standards such as Fmoc-D/L-AAA and Boc-D/L-AAA, Smoc amino acids for peptide synthesis in water, variety of protecting groups (e.g., Pbf, Trt, tBu, Bzl,

Cleavable Linkers Val-Ala-based, Val-Cit-based, disulfide-based, Dde-helping

Life Sciences

Biotinylation Reagents Carbohydrates Galactose, Glucose, Mannose, Xylose and others

hands, pH-sensitive linkers

Drug Metabolites

Photo-Activatable Linkers

Peptides

Functionalized Linkers

Substrates & Inhibitors

Building Blocks

Clickable linkers, trifunctional

E.g., protein kinase inhibitors,

Amino alcohols, amino aldehy-

linkers, linkers with maleimide

Acm, Mob, SIT, Phacm, Allocam, Mmt), unusual amino acids, fluorinated derivatives, substituted prolines, arginine analogs

des, diamines and hydrazines, (pseudoproline) dipeptides, polyamines and spermines, fatty acid derivatives, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) Reagents Coupling reagents, solvents and scavengers, protecting groups Resins Preloaded resins (e.g., based on Trityl, TCP, TentaGel, Methoxybenzhydryl, Merrifield, PAM, Rink, Wang), scavenger resins, hydrazone resins, poly(acrylamide) resins, Cyclover

function, cross-linkers, selective N-term acylation and biotiny-

substrates for fusion (Halo/ Snap/Clip)-tagged proteins

lation, 5HP2O

Natural Products

PROTACs

Dyes and Fluorescent Labels

Ligands, linkers & modules

E.g., ICG, AMC, DAPI

Fullerenes, Poly(2-oxazolines), Dextrans & Plant-Derived Cholesterol

Maillard & Amadori Reaction Products

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

useful as standards for food,

Poly-Amino Acids

Vitamins

Poly-Arg, Poly-Glu, Poly-Lys, Poly-Orn, Poly-Sar PEGylation Branched PEGylating reagents, (amino-)PEG-acids, PEG-amines & hydrazides & guanidines, reagents for Click-conjugation, Biotin-PEG-reagents, PEG-thiols, PEG-maleimides, other PEGylating reagents

Large portfolio of derivatives pharma and cosmetics industry

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V

Photochemistry

Table of contents 1.

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

1

2. Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

2

3.

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

7

3.1.

Photo-Crosslinkers

7

3.2.

Tetrafluorophenyl-Azide-based Photo-Crosslinkers

12

4. Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and

VIII

Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

14

5.

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

16

6.

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

18

7.

Photoswitches

26

8. Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

28

9.

30

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

10. Related Products 10.1.

32

Fmoc-Phe-Aca – a Cell Internalization Reporter, and further Fluorescent Amino Acid Derivatives

32

10.2.

Building Blocks for the SPPS of FRET-based Fluorogenic Protease Substrates

38

10.3.

Fluorescent Probes

41

10.4.

Luciferin for SPPS

44

Index

45

Code of Conduct

47

Terms and Conditions of Sales

49

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IX

Photochemistry

1.

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation The term photochemistry describes a group of chemical transformations initiated by irradiation with light. Photochemical reactions usually occur at room temperature and normal pressure, and mostly do not require additional reagents or catalysts, with the notable exception of some cases where the presence of a photosensitizer is necessary. Therefore, photochemical transformations are usually orthogonal to classical chemical transformations, a characteristic that renders them a valuable tool for chemists.

Consequently, the applications of photochemistry are numerous. Orthogonality is a trait often sought for in protecting groups and linkers, as it allows for their selective cleavage. Furthermore, photocleavage is a convenient method for selective removal of auxiliaries after their function has been served. The typical moiety that is incorporated into protecting groups, linkers and auxiliaries to facilitate light-induced cleavage is an o-nitrobenzyl group, which undergoes a Norrish-type II reaction upon UV-irradiation.

Another common application of photochemistry is the labeling or crosslinking of biomolecules in vitro and in vivo. The latter is of particular interest as a photochemical reaction is one of the few chemical transformations that can be selectively initiated in living cells.

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1

.

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

CO2H

Leu

into C-C, CH, O-H and X-H (X = heteroatom) bonds

CO2H

of neighboring molecules to irreversibly form a lest of all photoreactive groups, so introduction

H2 N

N

CO2H

activity. Further advantages of diazirine cross-

H2 N

linkers are their stability at room temperature,

Photo-Met

N

S

or protein usually does not impair its biological

and to both acidic and basic conditions.

CO2H H2 N

Met

of a diazirine-bearing amino acid into a peptide

as well as their relative stability to nucleophiles,

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

N

carbene species that can undergo insertions

covalent bond. The diazirine moiety is the smal-

Photo-Leu

N

CO2H H2 N

Photo-Lys

Lys O NH2

Applications:

HN O

• Probing protein–protein and protein- pep-

CO2H

Pro

tide interactions by photo-crosslinking (e.g.,

HN

CO2H

glutathione S-transferase allowing covalent protein in E. coli).

• Probing protein-peptide interactions in order

N CO2H

Phe

H2N

N

Photo-Pro

HN

site-specific incorporation of photo-lysine into crosslinking of the two subunits of the dimeric

N

N

CO2H

Photo-Phe

H2 N

Photoswitches

to identify cellular targets of peptides of interest.

• Studying protein−drug interactions and identifying new drug targets by comparing results obtained from different proteomic setups (e.g., live cells and cell lysates), more putative targets can be identified.

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

(approx. 350 nm – 360 nm) yields a highly reactive

CO2H H2 N

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

rine moiety. Irradiation of diazirines with UV light

H2 N

N

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

photo-crosslinking amino acids bearing the diazi-

CF3 N

Fig. 1: Diazirine amino acids (right) and their natural counterparts (left).

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

Iris Biotech introduces a comprehensive set of

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

synthetic peptides via standard coupling methods. Furthermore, the unprotected diazirine amino acids are also available for incorporation into expressed peptides and proteins by utilizing the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. A combination of synthetic and recombinant approaches utilizing NCL has been demonstrated as well. Unnatural amino acids are frequently toxic to cells; however, these photo-amino acids are functional and nontoxic, which allows them to be a premium tool for studying

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

These amino acids are available in Fmoc- as well as Boc-protected versions for their incorporation into

Related Products

mechanisms and interactions in living cells.

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Index

2.

2

Photochemistry

N N

N

R

N

Sar-R-V-Y-V-H-P-F

Sar-R-V-Y-V-H-P-F

125

125

I

internalization

R

I

R

Sar-R-V-Y-V-H-P-F 125

UV irradiation

I

noncovalent binding

covalently bound

living cell

living cell

Fig. 2: Use of photo-phenylalanine for the identification of angiotensin-II-receptor binding sites; 125 I is used as a radiotracer.

Product details

HAA3100

H-L-Photo-Leucine*HCl

(S)-2-amino-3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2421187-96-2 C 5H9N3 O 2*HCl 143,14*36,45 g/mol

BAA3070

Boc-L-Photo-Leucine*DCHA

(S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid dicyclohexylamine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1000770-97-7 C10 H17N3 O4*C12H23N 243,26*181,34 g/mol

FAA4590

Fmoc-L-Photo-Leucine

O H2N

(S)

OH

N

N

H N

(S)

O

O OH

O N

N

(S)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1360651-24-6 C 20 H19N3 O4 365,38 g/mol

HAA3110

H-L-Photo-Lysine*HCl

(S)-2-amino-6-((2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)ethoxy) carbonylamino)hexanoic acid hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2421187-79-1 C11H20 N4O4*HCl 272,30*36,45 g/mol

(S)

OH

O N

N

O H2N

HN

(S)

OH

O O

3

O

H N

O

N

N

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Fmoc-L-Photo-Lysine

BAA3080

Boc-L-Photo-Lysine

HN

O N

O

(S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-6-((2-(3-methyl-3Hdiazirin-3-yl)ethoxy)carbonylamino)hexanoic acid

O

H N

O

OH

(S)

O

1330088-06-6 C16H28N4O 6 372,42 g/mol

HN

O N

O

H-L-Photo-Methionine*HCl

Boc-L-Photo-Methionine*DCHA

N N

(S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-4-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)butanoic acid dicyclohexylamine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1002754-75-7 net C11H19N3 O4*C12H23N 257,29*181,34 g/mol

FAA4610

Fmoc-L-Photo-Methionine

945859-89-2 C 21H21N3 O4 379,42 g/mol

HAA3490

H-L-Photo-Phe-OH

4-(trifluoromethyldiazirin)-L-phenylalanine 92367-16-3 C11H10 F3N3 O 2 273,21 g/mol

O

H N

O

(S)

OH

O N N

(S)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-4-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)butanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

BAA3090

OH

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

2922715-90-8 C 6H11N3 O 2*HCl 157,17*36,45 g/mol

(S)

H N

O

Photoswitches

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O H2N

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

(S)-2-amino-4-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)butanoic acid hydrochloride

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

N

O (S)

OH

O N N

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

HAA3120

N

O H2N

(S)

OH

N N F

F

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

OH

O

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

2250437-42-2 C 26H30 N4O 6 494,54 g/mol

(S)

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

(S)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-6((2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)ethoxy)carbonylamino) hexanoic acid

F

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Index

FAA4600

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

4

Photochemistry Product details

BAA1530

Boc-L-Photo-Phe-OH

N-alpha-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyldiazirin)-L-phenylalanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

FAA5690

92367-17-4 C16H18F3N3 O4 373,33 g/mol

O H N

O

(S)

N N F

HAA3130

133342-64-0 C 26H20 F3N3 O4 495,45 g/mol

(S)

OH

O N N F

F

F

H-L-Photo-Proline*HCl 2421187-90-6 C 5H7N3 O 2*HCl 141,13*36,45 g/mol

N

HN

N

(S)

OH

O

BAA3100

F

O H N

O

(S)-1,2,5-triazaspiro[2.4]hept-1-ene-6-carboxylic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

F

Fmoc-L-Photo-Phe-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyldiazirin)-L-phenylalanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

OH

O

Boc-L-Photo-Proline

(S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,5-triazaspiro[2.4]hept-1ene-6-carboxylic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1266778-55-5 C10 H15N3 O4 241,24 g/mol

FAA4620

Fmoc-L-Photo-Proline

N

O

N O

N

(S)

OH

O

(S)-5-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-1,2,5-triazaspiro[2.4]hept-1-ene-6-carboxylic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1266778-58-8 C 20 H17N3 O4 363,37 g/mol

FAA9845

Fmoc-L-Photo-Click-ANon-OH

N

O O

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4(3-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)butanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

5

2763841-90-1 C 24H23N3 O4 417,47 g/mol

N

(S)

O

O

H N

O

(S)

N

OH

O N N

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OH

Fmoc-alpha-Me-L-Aad(OtBu)-OH

References:

.

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Related Products

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linkedin-in

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

→ Protein-polymer conjugation via ligand affinity and photoactivation of glutathione S-transferase; E. W. Lin, N. Boehnke, H. D. Maynard; Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25: 1902-9. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/bc500380r → Cell-based proteome profiling of potential dasatinib targets by use of affinity-based probes; H. Shi, C. J. Zhang, G. Y. Chen, S. Q. Yao; J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134: 3001-14. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja208518u → Probing protein-protein interactions with a genetically encoded photo-crosslinking amino acid; H. W. Ai, W. Shen, A. Sagi, P. R. Chen, P. G. Schultz; Chembiochem 2011; 12: 1854-7. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201100194 → Proteome profiling reveals potential cellular targets of staurosporine using a clickable cell-permeable probe; H. Shi, X. Cheng, S. K. Sze, S. Q. Yao; Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47: 11306-8. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc14824a → Aliphatic diazirines as photoaffinity probes for proteins: recent developments; J. Das; Chem Rev 2011; 111: 4405-17. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1002722 → Photo-crosslinking of proteins in intact cells reveals a dimeric structure of cyclooxygenase-2 and an inhibitor-sensitive oligomeric structure of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1; P. O. Hetu, M. Ouellet, J. P. Falgueyret, C. Ramachandran, J. Robichaud, R. Zamboni, D. Riendeau; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2008; 477: 155-62. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2008.04.038 → Covalent capture of phospho-dependent protein oligomerization by site-specific incorporation of a diazirine photo-cross-linker; M. Vila-Perello, M. R. Pratt, F. Tulin, T. W. Muir; J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 8068-9. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja072013j → Photo-leucine incorporation reveals the target of a cyclodepsipeptide inhibitor of cotranslational translocation; A. L. MacKinnon, J. L. Garrison, R. S. Hegde, J. Taunton; J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 14560-1. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja076250y → Synthesis of photoactive analogues of a cystine knot trypsin inhibitor protein; T. Durek, J. Zhang, C. He, S. B. Kent; Org Lett 2007; 9: 5497-500. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ol702461z → Photo-leucine and photo-methionine allow identification of protein-protein interactions in living cells; M. Suchanek, A. Radzikowska, C. Thiele; Nat Methods 2005; 2: 261-7. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth752

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

O O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

O

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

OH

(S)

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

O

H N

O

1072845-49-8 C 26H31NO 6 453,53 g/mol

Photoswitches

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-6(tert-butoxy)-2-methyl-6-oxohexanoic acid

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Index

FAA9720

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

6

Photochemistry

3.

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications Many photo-crosslinkers for photoaffinity labeling rely on benzophenone as the crosslinking agent.

However, these types of crosslinkers usually show low crosslinking yields and require relatively long irradiation times due to slow reaction rates, which may lead to non-specific labeling. Moreover, the irradiation conditions for benzophenones have been shown to lead to cell damage and cell death.

Conversely, diazirine- and perfluorophenyl-based crosslinkers generate a reactive species (carbene and nitrene, respectively) upon relatively short irradiation with UV light. Consequently, diazirine- and perfluorophenyl-crosslinkers are commonly used in molecular biology and biochemistry.

N3 F

F

F

R

O

N

1

N R2

F R hν 260 nm - N2

hν 350 - 360 nm - N2

N F

F

F

F

R

1

hν 350 nm

O C R2

R Fig. 3: Three types of photoreactive groups: Perfluorophenyl azides, diazirines and benzophenones.

3.1.

Photo-Crosslinkers Diazirine-bearing crosslinkers are activated at wavelengths that cause little to no damage to cells. In addition to this, trifluoromethylaryl diazirines show a fast initial reaction rate and rapid termination of reaction. Consequently, they exhibit a highly ligand-dependent reactivity, which renders them ideal probes for ligand binding to low-affinity targets, e.g., for probing carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Moreover, the small size of the diazirine group minimizes the risk of impairing or altering the biological activity of a ligand. Our diazirine crosslinkers are functionalized to react with either carboxyl- or amine-reactive ligands, respectively.

7

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group free to react with any type of molecule. Since this reaction takes place irrespective of available functional groups, it is not necessary to chemically modify molecules of interest prior to immobilization.

This virtually ensures that molecules are immobilized without altering their binding properties. By using this approach, it is possible to easily create microarrays of whole libraries of small molecules for rapid

N N

aryl- / alkyl-spacer

aryl- / alkyl-spacer

potential binder UV irradiation N2

surface

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

R = H or Tfm

potential binder

R

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

R

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

screening.

surface

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

Fig. 4: Immobilization of molecules of interest on a surface (e.g., a glass slide) using a diazirine crosslinker.

N R2

N

R1 Photoswitches

aryl- / alkyl-spacer

coupling to amine- or carboxy-reactive probe N aryl- / alkyl-spacer

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

N

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

rest. The linker is bound to a surface through its carboxyl or amino functionality, leaving the diazirine

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Another application of diazirine photo-crosslinkers is the surface immobilization of molecules of inte-

probe

R2 N2

UV irradiation

R1 = COOH or CH2NH2 R2 = H or Tfm

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target

probe

Fig. 5: Photoaffinity labeling of a target molecule by a diazirine-functionalized binding probe.

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Index

aryl- / alkyl-spacer

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

R2

8

Photochemistry Product details

RL-2890

Photo-Pentanoic acid

3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

25055-86-1 C 5H8N2O 2 128,13 g/mol

OH N

RL-2900

N

Photo-Hexanoic acid

4-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)butanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

16297-97-5 C 6H10 N2O 2 142,16 g/mol

RL-3410

Photo-Click-Heptanoic acid

N

O

N

OH

2-(3-(but-3-ynyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)acetic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2049109-24-0 C 7H 8 N2 O 2 152,15 g/mol

RL-3740

Photo-Palmitic acid

N

N

O OH

9-(3-hexyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)nonanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2100292-41-7 C16H30 N2O 2 282,43 g/mol

RL-3720

Photo-Click-Palmitic acid

O OH N

N

11-(3-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)undecanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2988174-40-7 C16H26N2O 2 278,40 g/mol

RL-3750

Photo-Stearic acid

O OH N

N

11-(3-hexyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)undecanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

9

1704120-02-4 C18H34N2O 2 310,48 g/mol

O OH N

N

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Photo-Click-Stearic acid

13-(3-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)tridecanoic acid

4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

85559-46-2 C9H5F3N2O 2 230,14 g/mol

RL-2910

Photo-Butylamine

N

N

O

F3C

OH

NH2

2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

25055-95-2 C 4H9N3*HCl 99,13*36,45 g/mol

RL-2930

Photo-Benzylamine*HCl

4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzylamine hydrochloride 1258874-29-1 C9H 8N3F3*HCl 215,18*36,45 g/mol

N

N

N

N

NH2

F3C

Photoswitches

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photo-Benzoic acid

N

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

RL-2920

OH N

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

2989205-54-9 C18H30 N2O 2 306,45 g/mol

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

RL-3760

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

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Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids Related Products Index

→ Hide and seek: Identification and confirmation of small molecule protein targets; A. Ursu, H. Waldmann; Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25: 3079-86. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.023 → Development and leading-edge application of innovative photoaffinity labeling; Y. Hatanaka; Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63: 1-12. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c14-00645 → Diazirine based photoaffinity labeling; L. Dubinsky, B. P. Krom, M. M. Meijler; Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20: 554-70. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.066 → Aliphatic diazirines as photoaffinity probes for proteins: recent developments; J. Das; Chem Rev 2011; 111: 4405-17. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1002722 → Recent Progress in Diazirine-Based Photoaffinity Labeling; M. Hashimoto, Y. Hatanaka; Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008; 2008: 2513-2523. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200701069 → Endeavors to make the photophore, diazirine easy to use; Y. Sadakane; Yakugaku Zasshi 2007; 127: 1693-9. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.127.1693 → Photoaffinity labeling coupled to MS to identify peptidebiological partners: Secondary reactions, for betteror for worse? A. Walrant, E. Sachon; Mass Spec Rev. 2024; 1-42. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21880

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

References:

10

Photochemistry → Comparison of the reactivity of carbohydrate photoaffinity probes with different photoreactive groups; K. Sakurai, S. Ozawa, R. Yamada, T. Yasui, S. Mizuno; Chembiochem 2014; 15: 1399-403. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201402051 → Identification of a substrate-binding site in a peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme by photoaffinity labeling with a novel palmitoyl derivative; Y. Kashiwayama, T. Tomohiro, K. Narita, M. Suzumura, T. Glumoff, J. K. Hiltunen, P. P. Van Veldhoven, Y. Hatanaka, T. Imanaka; J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 26315-25. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.104547 → Developing photoactive affinity probes for proteomic profiling: hydroxamate-based probes for metalloproteases; E. W. Chan, S. Chattopadhaya, R. C. Panicker, X. Huang, S. Q. Yao; J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126: 14435-46. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja047044i → Insecticidal and neural activities of candidate photoaffinity probes for neonicotinoid binding sites; K. Matsuda, M. Ihara, K. Nishimura, D. B. Sattelle, K. Komai; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65: 1534-41. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.1534 → Synthesis of Photoactive α-Mannosides and Mannosyl Peptides and Their Evaluation for Lectin Labeling; M. Wiegand, T. K. Lindhorst; Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2006; 2006: 4841-4851. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200600449 → A study on photolinkers used for biomolecule attachment to polymer surfaces; D. M. Dankbar, G. Gauglitz; Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386: 1967-74. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0871-x → SPR imaging of photo-cross-linked small-molecule arrays on gold; N. Kanoh, M. Kyo, K. Inamori, A. Ando, A. Asami, A. Nakao, H. Osada; Anal Chem 2006; 78: 2226-30. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ac051777j → Grafting Organic and Biomolecules on H-Terminated Porous Silicon from a Diazirine; S. Wei, J. Wang, D.-J. Guo, Y.-Q. Chen, S.-J. Xiao; Chem. Lett. 2006; 35: 1172-1173. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2006.1172 → Immobilization of natural products on glass slides by using a photoaffinity reaction and the detection of protein-small-molecule interactions; N. Kanoh, S. Kumashiro, S. Simizu, Y. Kondoh, S. Hatakeyama, H. Tashiro, H. Osada; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003; 42: 5584-7. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200352164

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Tetrafluorophenyl-azides follow a principle similar to diazirines. Upon irradiation with UV light (ca. 260 nm), a highly stabilized nitrene is formed. Nitrenes are the nitrogen analogs of carbenes (isoelectronic) and react in a comparable fashion. In terms of crosslinking yield and duration of irradiation, they compare favorably to benzophenones. Moreover, the azido group can also undergo classical copper-ca-

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Tetrafluorophenyl-Azide-based Photo-Crosslinkers

13) for applications such as surface functionalization with biotin, or the biotinylation of biomacromolecules.

biomolecules biomolecules

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

PEG-spacer for increased solubility (PEG5000 on page 13), and as Biotin-TEG-ATFBA (PEG2065 on page

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

talyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Tetrafluorophenyl-azido crosslinkers are also available with a short

small molecules

Photoswitches

silicate/ semiconductors

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

polymers

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

carbon materials

metal oxides

gold/silver

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Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Fig. 6: Applications of tetrafluorophenyl-azides.

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Index

3.2.

12

Photochemistry Product details

RL-2035

ATFB -N

4-Azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

F

F

N+

122590-77-6 C 7HF4N3 O 2 235,1 g/mol

O

N OH F

RL-2045

ATFB-NHS

N-Succinimidyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

F

-

N

F

F

N+

126695-58-7 C11H4F4N4O4 332,17 g/mol

O

O

O

N

N F

F O

PEG2065

Biotin-TEG-ATFBA

Biotin-triethylenglycol-(p-azido-tetrafluorobenzamide) CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1264662-85-2 C 27H37F4N7 O 6 S 663,68 g/mol

PEG5000

ATFB-O2Oc

{2-[2-(4-Azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoyl-amino)ethoxy] ethoxy}acetic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1993119-45-1 C13H12F4N4O 5 380,25 g/mol

O

O

O

NH

HN

N H

S

O

O

O

F F

N H F

N3 F

-N

F

F

N+

O

N

O

O

HN F

F

OH O

References: → Tri- and Tetravalent Photoactivable Cross-Linking Agents; A. Welle, F. Billard, J. Marchand-Brynaert; Synthesis 2012; 44: 2249-2254. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/doi:10.1055/s-0031-1290444 → Perfluorophenyl azides: new applications in surface functionalization and nanomaterial synthesis; L. H. Liu, M. Yan; Acc Chem Res 2010; 43: 1434-43. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ar100066t → Photo-click immobilization of carbohydrates on polymeric surfaces--a quick method to functionalize surfaces for biomolecular recognition studies; O. Norberg, L. Deng, M. Yan, O. Ramstrom; Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20: 2364-70. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/bc9003519 → Photoreactive insulin derivatives for the detection of the doubly labeled insulin receptor; J. Kleinjung, M. Fabry; Peptides 2000; 21: 401-6. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-9781(00)00164-9 → Recent Trends in the Evaluation of Photochemical Insertion Characteristics of Heterobifunctional Perfluoroaryl Azide Chelating Agents: Biochemical Implications in Nuclear Medicine; R. S. Pandurangi, S. R. Karra, R. R. Kuntz, W. A. Volkert; Photochem. Photobiol. 1997; 65: 208-221. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08547.x

13

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Iris Biotech introduces a series of self-immolative compounds that find application as protecting groups, linkers, or amino acid derivatives (Spr = stimulus-responsive peptide bond cleaving residue). The

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

or o-nitroveratryl, which can be cleaved at wavelengths > 350 nm. Since wavelengths above 350 nm tend to be unproblematic for biomacromolecules, this technique is especially interesting for cell-based systems.

The liberated OH-group serves as a nucleophile that intramolecularly cleaves ester (or amide) bonds at neutral pH and room temperature by cyclization via a six-membered transition state. This reaction is greatly accelerated since the sterically unfavorable interaction between the methyl group at the 3-position of the phenol core and the two geminal CH3 -groups on the alkyl chain (in β-position to the ester or amide carbonyl group) favor conformations that bring the phenyl-OH-group and the neighboring carbonyl

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

hydroxyl group of a 2-alkyl-3,5-dimethyl phenol moiety. The photocleavable group is either o-nitrobenzyl

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

self-cleavage is induced by irradiation with UV light (ca. 350 – 365 nm) that leads to the unmasking of a

first proposed by Thorpe and Ingold in 1915 (“Thorpe-Ingold effect”). An alternative explanation for this effect was posited by Bruice and Pandit in 1960 (“reactive rotamer effect”).

PG

R hν

X

R1 H

OH PG

phenol core

sterically unfavorable interaction

X

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

O

R

R1

O R

2

Photoswitches

X

2

O

Fig. 7: Principle of photoactivated trimethyl lock; PG = o-nitrobenzyl or o-nitroveratryl; X = O or NH; R1–XH = target molecule; R2 = H or NH-alkyl.

The applications for this approach are numerous. Incorporation of a Spr-residue into a peptide sequence enables the photoactivated self-cleavage of the peptide at the position of said residue.

This technique allows for the intracellular removal of e.g., cell penetrating peptides or localization se-

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

R

O 1

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

O 2

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

function into closer vicinity. This phenomenon is termed the gem-dialkyl effect, for which a theory was

reversibly connect a moiety such as biotin to a molecule of interest. Finally, while o-nitroveratryl itself is a valuable protecting group for sulfhydryl groups, the combination of o-Nv with a trimethyl lock moiety

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quences from a bioactive molecule. The Spr-residue can also be used as a photolabile linker in order to

also allows for its use as a protecting group for hydroxyl and amino functions. arrow-up back to content

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Index

4.

14

Photochemistry Product details

FAA7190

Fmoc-Spr(oNB)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-beta,beta-dimethyl-(2,4-dimethyl-6-(2-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl) alanine (rac.)

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1032400-98-8 C 35H34N2O 7 594,66 g/mol

FAA7200

Fmoc-Spr(oNv)-OH

1228829-20-6 C 36H36N2O 9 640,68 g/mol

RL-2970

Photo-Trimethyl-Lock

O NO2

2095134-25-9 C 22H27NO 7 417,45 g/mol

O

H N

O

OH

O

MeO

O

MeO NO2

3-(2-Nitroveratryl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

OH

O

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-beta,beta-dimethyl-(2-methyl-6-(2-nitroveratryl)phenyl)alanine (rac.)

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

NO2 O MeO

O OH

OMe

References: → Invention of stimulus-responsive peptide-bond-cleaving residue (Spr) and its application to chemical biology tools; A. Shigenaga, J. Yamamoto, T. Kohiki, T. Inokuma, A. Otaka; J. Pept. Sci. 2017; 23: 505-513. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.2961 → Syntheses and kinetic studies of cyclisation-based self-immolative spacers; S. Huvelle, A. Alouane, T. Le Saux, L. Jullien, F. Schmidt; Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15: 3435-3443. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ob00121e → Photo-triggered fluorescent labelling of recombinant proteins in live cells; D. Jung, K. Sato, K. Min, A. Shigenaga, J. Jung, A. Otaka, Y. Kwon; Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51: 9670-3. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01067e → Trimethyl lock: A trigger for molecular release in chemistry, biology, and pharmacology; M. N. Levine, R. T. Raines; Chem. Sci. 2012; 3: 2412-2420. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/C2SC20536J → Design and synthesis of caged ceramide: UV-responsive ceramide releasing system based on UV-induced amide bond cleavage followed by O–N acyl transfer; A. Shigenaga, H. Hirakawa, J. Yamamoto, K. Ogura, M. Denda, K. Yamaguchi, D. Tsuji, K. Itoh, A. Otaka; Tetrahedron 2011; 67: 3984-3990. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.048 → Development and photo-responsive peptide bond cleavage reaction of two-photon near-infrared excitationresponsive peptide; A. Shigenaga, J. Yamamoto, Y. Sumikawa, T. Furuta, A. Otaka; Tetrahedron Lett. 2010; 51: 2868-2871. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.079 → gem-disubstituent effect: theoretical basis and synthetic applications; M. E. Jung, G. Piizzi; Chem Rev 2005; 105: 1735-66. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/cr940337h → The Effect of Geminal Substitution Ring Size and Rotamer Distribution on the Intramolecular Nucleophilic Catalysis of the Hydrolysis of Monophenyl Esters of Dibasic Acids and the Solvolysis of the Intermediate Anhydrides; T. C. Bruice, U. K. Pandit; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960; 82: 5858-5865. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01507a023 → CXIX.—The formation and stability of spiro-compounds. Part I. spiro-Compounds from cyclohexane; R. M. Beesley, C. K. Ingold, J. F. Thorpe; J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1915; 107: 1080-1106. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/ct9150701080

15

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2-Furyl-alanine can be incorporated into peptides via SPPS or by using enzymatic approaches. UV-irradiation in the presence of oxygen and a photosensitizer converts furyl-alanine to an intermediate that

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

Labeling with different tags and reporter groups is a pivotal technique for the elucidation of peptide and protein function.

A novel and innovative approach is the site-specific labeling using the unnatural amino acid 2-furyl-alanine. UV-irradiation in the presence of oxygen and a photosensitizer converts furyl-alanine to an unsaturated dicarbonyl compound. This intermediate selectively reacts with certain nucleophiles such as hydrazine derivatives of dyes or fluorescent labels. This reaction can be used for the site-specific

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

peptides and proteins.

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

selectively reacts with certain nucleophiles. This property can be employed for site-specific labeling of

peptide

COOH

photosensitizer

H2N-NH H2 N

peptide

O

H2N

COOH

peptide

COOH

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

H 2N

hν, O2, H2O

O

hν, O2, H2O

H2N-NH

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

photosensitizer

Photoswitches

O

O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

labeling of peptides and proteins and can be carried out in aqueous solution.

O

O

Iris Biotech offers Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH suitable for SPPS, as well as H-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH which can be

Related Products

incorporated into proteins using the amber suppression methodology.

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Fig. 8: Site-specific labeling of peptides and proteins using 2-furyl-alanine.

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Index

5.

16

Photochemistry Product details

HAA2930

H-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH

3-(2-Furyl)-L-alanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

127682-08-0 C 7H9NO 3 155,15 g/mol

O H2N

OH

(S)

O

FAA4250

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-3-(2-furyl)-L-alanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

159611-02-6 C 22H19NO 5 377,39 g/mol

H N

O

O OH

(S)

O O

References: → Novel furan-oxidation based site-specific conjugation methodology for peptide labeling and antibody drug conjugates; presented at the 6th World ADC meeting October 19 th-22nd 2015, San Diego, CA; An Van Den Bulcke, Eirini Antonatou, Willem Vannecke, Kurt Hoogewijs, Annemieke Madder. → Exploiting furan‘s versatile reactivity in reversible and irreversible orthogonal peptide labeling; K. Hoogewijs, D. Buyst, J. M. Winne, J. C. Martins, A. Madder; Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49: 2927-9. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc40588e → Sequence specific DNA cross-linking triggered by visible light; M. Op de Beeck, A. Madder; J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134: 10737-40. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja301901p → Unprecedented C-selective interstrand cross-linking through in situ oxidation of furan-modified oligodeoxynucleotides; M. Op de Beeck, A. Madder; J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133: 796-807. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1048169 → Furan-modified oligonucleotides for fast, high-yielding and site-selective DNA inter-strand cross-linking with non-modified complements; K. Stevens, A. Madder; Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37: 1555-65. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn1077 → From DNA cross-linking to peptide labeling: on the versatility of the furan-oxidation-conjugation strategy; A. Deceuninck, A. Madder; Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 340-2. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/b817447d → Bioorthogonal chemistry: fishing for selectivity in a sea of functionality; E. M. Sletten,C. R. Bertozzi; Angew.

Chem. Int. Ed. 2009; 48: 6974-98. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900942 → Structural basis of furan-amino acid recognition by a polyspecific aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase and its genetic encoding in human cells; M. J. Schmidt, A. Weber, M. Pott, W. Welte, D. Summerer; Chembiochem 2014; 15: 1755-60. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201402006 → Red-light-controlled protein-RNA crosslinking with a genetically encoded furan; M. J. Schmidt, D. Summerer; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013; 52: 4690-3. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201300754

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Photocages are a class of substances bearing a photosensitive group (= photoremovable protecting group, PPG) keeping a compound in its inactive (= caged) state until being removed by irradiation with light (=photocleavage) of a defined wavelength. Light as external trigger stands out for a variety of reasons, with the main ones being its non-invasiveness, high spatiotemporal resolution, and ease of dosage

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

Photocages can either be used for synthetic purposes, e.g., during solid-phase peptide synthesis, to introduce another dimension of orthogonality besides, e.g., acid/base labile protecting groups (PGs).

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

control.

a certain drug molecule or to suppress a certain protein-protein interaction. In terms of photocaged drugs, pharmacological activities can be timely and selectively induced at a desired point of action reducing the risk of undesired off-target effects.

The “cage” concept was first introduced in 1978 by Hoffmann et al., who synthesized a caged ATP bearing

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

Furthermore, PPGs allow to temporarily mask a functional group relevant for the biological activity of

O-nitrobenzyl residues (and derivatives thereof) absorb UV light at about 350 nm. Upon absorption of a photon, a diradical is formed, the group undergoes a Norrish type II reaction, the activated oxygen of

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

a o-nitrobenzyl moiety as photosensitive group.

To reduce photolysis time and to increase yields, the original nitrobenzyl protection has been improved by the introduction of o-nitroveratryl (Nve, oNV, also named 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl [DMNB]), and nitrodibenzofuranyl (NDBF) residues. Besides, we also offer the photosensitive 4-methoxy-7-nitroindoline (MNI) group used to cage carboxylates. But there is more photochemistry you can do with 7-nitroindolines: When 7-nitroindoline carboxylic acids are inserted in a peptide chain like any common amino acid, you can split the resulting peptide by virtue of light, which gives you interesting opportunities not only in peptide synthesis but also in cell biology and for the release of effector molecules! Photolysis is achieved by irradiation at 365 nm.

Enlargement of the aromatic system allows to trigger photolysis with longer wavelengths which is especially favorable for in vitro and in vivo applications in cells and organisms due to improved penetration depth and reduced cell damaging. Nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) has a very high quantum yield. NDBF-caged compounds are photolyzed 16-160 times more efficiently than those protected with nitrobenzoyl residu-

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es, and thus are accessible by two-photon excitation with infrared light of 800 nm.

Photoswitches

works well for many functional groups present in amino acids.

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

nal group is released, while an o-nitroso benzaldehyde is formed. This protection/deprotection scheme

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

the nitrobenzyl residue (where the protected functional group is attached) is broken, and the functio-

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

the N=O group abstracts a proton from the benzylic position, and in a rearrangement, the bond between

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Index

6.

18

Photochemistry

O O

O

N

O

R

N

R Y

O O

O

CH3

O

CH3

R

Y oNB

O

N

O

O

O

R

O Y

Nve/DMNB/oNv

N

Y MDNPE

NDBF

Fig. 9: Variations of the 2-nitrobenzyl photocage: oNB: o‑nitrobenzyl, Nve: nitroveratryl, DMNB: dimethoxynitrobenzyl, oNv: o-nitroveratryl, MDNPE: Methyl-o-nitropiperonylethyl (R=Me), NDBF: nitrodibenzofuranyl. R can be H or methyl; Y depicts the remainder of the protected amino acid.

Product details

FAA3970

Fmoc-L-Cys(oNv)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-S-(2-nitroveratryl)-L-cysteine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

214633-71-3 C 27H26N2O 8 S 538,57 g/mol

O

H N

O

OH

(R)

O

OMe

S O2N

OMe

.

FAA8870

Fmoc-L-hCys(oNv)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-S-(2-nitroveratryl)-L-homocysteine Formula Mol. weight

O H N

O

C 28H28N2O 8 S 552,60 g/mol

(S)

OH

O S O2N

OMe OMe

FAA9755

Fmoc-L-MeCys(oNV)-OH

N-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-S-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-N-methyl-L-cysteine Formula Mol. weight

O O

N

C 28H28N2O 8 S 552,60 g/mol

OH

(R)

O

S

NO2

O O

FAA7350

Fmoc-N(oNv)-Gly-OH

N-alpha (9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-N-alpha-(o-nitroveratryl)-glycine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

19

850859-64-2 C 26H24N2O 8 492,48 g/mol

MeO MeO

NO2 O O

N

OH

O

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Fmoc-Spr(oNv)-OH

N-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-O-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-L-serine

Fmoc-L-Tyr(oNv)-OH

Nvoc,Mal-aminoethyl-beta-Ala-OH

H-L-Lys(Nvoc)-OH

N6-(((4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

552857-31-5 C16H23N3 O 8 385,37 g/mol

FAA7230

Fmoc-L-Lys(Nvoc)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-N-epsilon-(o-nitroveratryloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

150571-28-1 C 31H33N3 O 10 607,61 g/mol

OMe

O (S)

OH

O

RL-8710

HAA9710

H N

O

207727-88-6 C 33H30 N2O 9 598,60 g/mol

C19H21N3 O 10 451,39 g/mol

OMe

O O2N

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Formula Mol. weight

OH

O

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3(4-((4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid

3-((((4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl) (2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)amino) propanoic acid

(S)

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

FAA9580

O

H N

O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

628280-43-3 C 27H26N2O 9 522,50 g/mol

OMe

O O2N

O MeO

O

MeO

OMe

O N

OH

NO2 N

O

O

Photoswitches

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

NO2

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

Fmoc-L-Ser(oNv)-OH

O

MeO

O H 2N

(S)

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

FAA9575

OH

O

MeO

OH OMe OMe

O

HN O

NO2

H N

O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

1228829-20-6 C 36H36N2O 9 640,68 g/mol

O (S)

O

OH OMe OMe

O

HN O

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-beta,beta-dimethyl-(2-methyl-6-(2-nitroveratryl)phenyl)alanine (rac.)

NO2

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Index

FAA7200

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

20

Photochemistry Product details

FAA8420

Fmoc-L-Cys(NDBF)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-S-(1-(3-nitro-dibenzofuran-2-yl)-ethyl)-L-cysteine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1895883-28-9 C 32H26N2O 7S 582,62 g/mol

FAA8425

Fmoc-L-Lys(NDBFOC)-OH

O

O OH S

O

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-N-epsilon-(1-(3-nitro-dibenzofuran-2-yl)-ethoxycarbonyl)-L-lysine Formula Mol. weight

O

HN

O

O

HN

C 36H33N3 O 9 651,66 g/mol

NO2

O OH O HN

O O

HAA9360

H-L-Sec(MDNPE)-OH

Se-(Methyl-o-nitropiperonyl)-selenocysteine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

NO2

O2N

2235373-47-2 C12H14N2O 6 Se 361,21 g/mol

O

H3C

O Se

(R)

OH

H2N O

HAA9255

H-L-Sec(oNv)-OH*TFA

Dimethoxynitrobenzyl selenocysteine TFA salt CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O2N

1644398-13-9 C12H16N2O 6 Se*CF3 COOH 363,24*114,02 g/mol

O

O Se OH

H2N O

HAA9320

H-L-Cys(oNv)-OH

S-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-L-cysteine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O2N

214633-68-8 C12H16N2O 6 S 316,33 g/mol

O

O S OH

H2N O

HAA9270

H-L-Cys(MDNPE)-OH

1-[4‘,5‘-(methylenedioxy)-2‘-nitrophenyl]ethyl]-L-cysteine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1551078-43-3 C12H14N2O 6 S 314,31 g/mol

O O

N

O O

S

H2N

OH

(R)

O

21

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Fmoc-L-Cys(MDNPE)-OH

N-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-S-(1-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-L-cysteine

H-L-Lys(MeNPOC)-OH

N6-((1-(6-nitrobenzo(d)(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)ethoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1221189-11-2 C16H21N3 O 8 383,36 g/mol

FAA9840

Fmoc-L-Lys(MeNPOC)-OH

O O

OH

(R)

N H

O

O H 2N

(S)

OH O O

O

HN O

NO2

N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N6-((1-(6-nitrobenzo(d)(1,3)dioxol-5-yl)ethoxy) carbonyl)-L-lysine Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

(S)

OH

O

C 31H31N3 O 10 605,60 g/mol

O O O

HN O

H-L-Sec(oNB)-OH*HCl

(R)-2-amino-3-((2-nitrobenzyl)selanyl)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

NO2

324582-23-2 net C10 H12N2O4 Se*HCl 303,18*36,46 g/mol

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

HAA9465

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

HAA9715

O S

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

C 27H24N2O 8 S 536,56 g/mol

O

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

Formula Mol. weight

O2N

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

FAA7945

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

O2N

Se OH

(R)

H 2N

H-L-Lys(oNB)-OH*HCl

N6-(((2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine

H2N (S)

FAA9350

O O

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

228564-76-9 C14H19N3 O 6*HCl 325,32*36,45 g/mol

N O

OH O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O HN

H-L-Glu(oNB)-OH*HCl

2-amino-5-((2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)-5-oxopentanoic acid 75707-39-0 C12H14N2O 6*HCl 282,25*36,45 g/mol

O

O

O

N

O

OH

H2N (S)

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

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Index

FAA9345

Photoswitches

O

22

Photochemistry Product details

FAA9365

Fmoc-L-Lys(oNB)-OH

N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N6-(((2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

228564-77-0 C 29H29N3 O 8 547,56 g/mol

HAA9475

H-L-Sec(NPE)-OH*HCl

O

C11H14N2O4 Se*HCl 317,02*36,46 g/mol

O

O O

N H

(2R)-2-amino-3-((1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl)selanyl)propanoic acid Formula Mol. weight

NO2

HN

OH

(S)

O

O2N

Se

H2N

OH

(R)

O

HAA9665

H-L-Asp(MNI)-OH

(S)-2-amino-4-(4-methoxy-7-nitroindolin-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1696408-88-4 C13H15N3 O 6 309,28 g/mol

FAA9555

Fmoc-L-Asp(MNI)-OH

O H2N

O O2N

1799532-96-9 C 28H25N3 O 8 531,51 g/mol

HAA9670

H-L-Glu(MNI)-OH

295325-62-1 C14H17N3 O 6 323,30 g/mol

FAA9560

Fmoc-L-Glu(MNI)-OH

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-5-(4methoxy-7-nitroindolin-1-yl)-5-oxopentanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

23

1799533-00-8 C 29H27N3 O 8 545,45 g/mol

H N

O

O OH

(S)

O

O O2N

N

O

(S)-2-amino-5-(4-methoxy-7-nitroindolin-1-yl)-5oxopentanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

N

O

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-4(4-methoxy-7-nitroindolin-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

OH

(S)

O H2N

OH

(S)

O

N

NO2 O

H N

O

O (S)

OH

O

N

O NO2

O

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Boc-NIC-OH

1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-nitroindoline-5-carboxylic acid N NO2

O

Fmoc-NIC-OH

1-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-7-nitroindoline-5-carboxylic acid

OH N O

O

NO2

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Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks Photoswitches

→ Total chemical synthesis of photoactivatable proteins for light-controlled manipulation of antigen–antibody interactions; S. Tang, Z. Wan, Y. Gao, J.-S. Zheng, J. Wang, Y.-Y. Si, X. Chen, H. Qi, L. Liu, W. Liu; Chem. Sci. 2016; 7: 1891-1895. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC03404C → 2-Nitroveratryl as a Photocleavable Thiol-Protecting Group for Directed Disulfide Bond Formation in the Chemical Synthesis of Insulin; J. A. Karas, D. B. Scanlon, B. E. Forbes, I. Vetter, R. J. Lewis, J. Gardiner,F. Separovic, J. D. Wade, M. A. Hossain; Chemistry 2014; 20: 9549-9552. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201403574 → Synthesis, stability and optimized photolytic cleavage of 4-methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl backbone-protected peptides; E. C. B. Johnson, S. B. H. Kent; Chem. Commun. 2006; 1557-1559. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/B600304D → A red shifted two-photon-only caging group for three-dimensional photorelease. Y. Becker, E. Unger, M. A. H. Fichte, D. A. Gacek, A. Dreuw, J. Wachtveitl, P. J. Walla, A. Heckel; Chem. Sci. 2018; 9: 2797-2902. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c7sc05182d → Nitrodibenzofuran: A One- and Two-Photon Sensitive Protecting Group That Is Superior to Brominated Hydroxycoumarin for Thiol Caging in Peptides. M. M. Mahmoodi, D. Abate-Pella, T. J. Pundsack, C. C. Palsuledesai, P. C. Goff, D. A. Blank, M. D. Distefano; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016; 138: 5848-5859. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b11759 → The nitrodibenzofuran chromophore: a new caging group for ulta-efficient photolysis in living cells.

A. Momotake, N. Lindegger, E. Niggli, R. J. Barsotti, G. C. R. Ellis-Davies; Nat. Methods 2006; 3: 35-40. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1038/NMETH821 → Methoxy-Substituted Nitrodibenzofuran-Based Protecting Group with an Improved Two-Photon Action CrossSection for Thiol Protection in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. T. K. Bader, F. Xu, M. H. Hodny, D. A. Blank, M. D. Distefano; J. Org. Chem. 2020; 85: 1614-1625. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b02751. → Genetic Encoding of Photocaged Cysteine Allows Photoactivation of TEV Protease in Live Mammalian Cells; D. P. Nguyen, M. Mahesh, S. J. Elsässer, S. M. Hancock, C. Uttamapinant, J. W. Chin; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014; 136(6): 2240-2243. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja412191m → Biosynthetic selenoproteins with genetically-encoded photocaged selenocysteines; R. Rakauskaité, G. Urbanavičiūtė, A. Rukšėnaitė, Z. Liutkevičiūtė, R. Juškėnas, V. Masevičiusab, S. Klimašauskas; Chem. Commun.

2015; 51: 8245-8248. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC07910H → Controlled Inhibition of Apoptosis by Photoactivatable Caspase Inhibitors; S. Chakrabarty, S. H. L. Verhelst; Cell Chem Biol. (2020); 27(11): 1434-1440.e10. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.001 → Total chemical synthesis of photoactivatable proteins for light-controlled manipulation of antigen–antibody interactions; S. Tang, Z. Wan, Y. Gao, J.-S. Zheng, J. Wang. Y.-Y. Si, H. Qi, L. Liu, W. Liu; Chem. Sci. 2016; 7: 1891-1895. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC03404C

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

References:

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

C 24H18N2O 6 430,42 g/mol

O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Formula Mol. weight

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

O

FAA9680

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

OH

C14H16N2O 6 308,29 g/mol

Related Products

Formula Mol. weight

O

Index

BAA6500

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

24

Photochemistry → An Fmoc-compatible method for synthesis of peptides containing photocaged aspartic acid or glutamic acid; S. Tang, J.-Y. Cheng, J.-S. Zheng; Tetrahedron Lett. 2015; 56(31): 4582-4585. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.016 → Rapid photolytic release of adenosine 5‘-triphosphate from a protected analog: utilization by the sodium: potassium pump of human red blood cell ghosts; J. H. Kaplan, B. Forbush III, J. F. Hoffman; Biochemistry 1978, 17(10): 1929–1935. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00603a020 → Recent progress in studies of photocages; Y. Li, M. Wang, F. Wang, S. Lu, X. Chen; Smart Molecules 2023; 1(1): e20220003. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/smo.20220003 → Photolysis of a peptide with N-peptidyl-7-nitroindoline units using two-photon absorption; K. A. Hatch, A. Ornelas, K. N. Williams, T. Boland, K. Michael, C. Li; Biomed. Opt. Express 2016; 7(11): 4654-4659. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.7.004654

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Photoswitches are a subtype of molecular switch that undergo a reversible structural change upon irradiation with light to adopt a different configuration. Activation of a molecular switch by light offers several advantages. In addition to being traceless, light can be precisely controlled in its intensity (dosage control) and can be focused with sub-micron accuracy with a high temporal and spatial resolution.

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photoswitches

ceutical compounds, a field that is described by the term photopharmacology.

The most common motif that is used in this approach is the azobenzene moiety, owing to the large geo-

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

Consequently, photoswitches ideally lend themselves to the construction of light-responsive pharma-

ve systems have also been successfully applied in several biological systems. The azobenzene moiety is synthetically accessible via various pathways (Mills reaction, oxidative/reductive coupling, azo coupling), and its photochromic properties can easily be finetuned. The thermodynamically more stable trans isomer adopts an extended planar configuration with a dipole moment close to zero, while the higher energy, metastable cis isomer is more polar and exhibits unfavorable steric interactions.

O

O

O

H N

N H

UV

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

H N

N H

O

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

metrical change that results from adopting a different configuration. Azobenzene-based photo-responsi-

Vis or Δ N N

1.0 nm

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

N N 1.7 nm

Photoswitches

Fig. 10: Interconversion between the trans and cis isomers of the diazobenzene motif in a photoswitchable peptide.

although the trans isomer can be regenerated 100% by thermal relaxation, full conversion of one or the other isomer by irradiation with visible light is impossible owing to a substantial overlap of the absorption spectra of both isomers.

Product details

H-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH*HCl

4-Phenylazo-L-phenylalanine hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2137036-84-9 C15H15N3 O 2*HCl 269,30*36,45 g/mol

O H2N

(S)

OH

N

Related Products

HAA3710

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

mately 100 switching cycles without detectable photodegradation or loss of responsiveness. However,

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

An additional benefit of the azobenzene motif is its high degree of reversibility. It can undergo approxi-

N

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Index

7.

26

Photochemistry Product details

BAA1660

Boc-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH

N-alpha-t-Butyloxycarbonyl-4-phenylazo-L-phenylalanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

134816-33-4 C 20 H23N3 O4 369,41 g/mol

FAA7010

Fmoc-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH

H N

O

210366-26-0 C 30 H25N3 O4 491,54 g/mol

FAA9180

Fmoc-AMPB-OH

N N

H N

O

159790-79-1 C 29H23N3 O4 477,52 g/mol

O (S)

OH

O

N N

4-(4-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonylaminomethyl)-phenyldiazenyl)benzoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

OH

O

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-4-phenylazo-L-phenylalanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O (S)

O OH N

N

H N

O O

References: → Photopharmacology and Photochemical Biology; A. Deiters, S. Kossatz, O. Vázquez; ChemPhotoChem 2021; 5: 1031-1032. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.202100216 → Photoswitchable peptides for spatiotemporal control of biological functions; L. Albert, O. Vazquez; Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55: 10192-10213. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03346g → In Vivo Photopharmacology; K. Hull, J. Morstein, D. Trauner; Chem Rev 2018; 118: 10710-10747. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00037 → Photopharmacological control of bipolar cells restores visual function in blind mice; L. Laprell, I. Tochitsky, K. Kaur, M. B. Manookin, M. Stein, D. M. Barber, C. Schon, S. Michalakis, M. Biel, R. H. Kramer, M. P. Sumser, D. Trauner, R. N. Van Gelder; J Clin Invest 2017; 127: 2598-2611. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI92156 → Emerging Targets in Photopharmacology; M. M. Lerch, M. J. Hansen, G. M. van Dam, W. Szymanski, B. L. Feringa; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016; 55: 10978-99. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601931 → Genetically encoding photoswitchable click amino acids in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells; C. Hoppmann, V. K. Lacey, G. V. Louie, J. Wei, J. P. Noel, L. Wang; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014; 53: 3932-6. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201400001 → Reversible photocontrol of biological systems by the incorporation of molecular photoswitches; W. Szymanski, J. M. Beierle, H. A. Kistemaker, W. A. Velema, B. L. Feringa; Chem Rev 2013; 113: 6114-78. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300179f → Photoisomerization in different classes of azobenzene; H. M. Bandara, S. C. Burdette; Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41: 1809-25. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15179g → Azobenzene photoswitches for biomolecules; A. A. Beharry, G. A. Woolley; Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40: 4422-37. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15023e → Properties of the pyramidal tract neuron system within the precentral wrist and hand area of primate motor cortex; D. R. Humphrey, W. S. Corrie, R. Rietz; J Physiol (Paris) 1978; 74: 215-26. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102771 → Visible-light-switchable azobenzenes: Molecular design, supramolecular systems, and applications; M. Gao, D. Kwaria, Y. Norikane, Y. Yue; Natural Sciences 2023; 3(1): e220020. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/ntls.20220020

27

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Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

O

O peptide 2

1) iodoacetylation 2) attachment of auxiliary PAA2000 3) Fmoc-removal and PEGylation 4) cleavage from resin

O

HSHStBu

peptide 1

O

H N

NO2

R

O peptide 2

N H

MeO

OH

O O

thioester formation

N H

peptide 1

peptide thioester

HS

NCL

SR

H N

O

HS

MeO

PEG27

peptide 2 OH

O O

N H

H N

O N H

NO2

OH

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

N

peptide 2

H N

N H

PEG27

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

O

O

N H

O O

peptide 1

O

NO2 MeO

H 2N

PEG27

1a) optional: derivatization of side chains 1b) optional: purification by precipitation 2) liberation of SH-group (e.g., with TCEP)

O H 2N

H N

hν

H N

peptide 1 O

O

O N H

peptide 2

Related Products

H 2N

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

OH

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

SPPS

OR

cleavage from resin

H 2N

H 2N

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

peptide 1

Photoswitches

H 2N

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

OH

Fig. 11: Native Chemical Ligation utilizing the photocleavable NCL-auxiliary glycine building block (PAA2000). arrow-up back to content

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Index

8.

28

Photochemistry Native Chemical Ligation (NCL) is one of the most powerful tools for the preparation of complex peptides and small proteins. However, the classical variant of NCL requires an N-terminal cysteine at the ligation site. Iris Biotech presents an innovative auxiliary reagent that can be incorporated in place of a glycine residue.

Since glycine usually occurs several times in a peptide sequence, this approach significantly increases variability regarding the choice of possible ligation sites. In NCL, the auxiliary’s SH-group mimics the action of an N-terminal cysteine’s sulfhydryl group.

Following SPPS, the auxiliary is attached to the N-terminus of a peptide sequence in lieu of a glycine residue. The auxiliary’s Fmoc-protected amino functionality can subsequently be deprotected and functionalized, e.g., with a monodisperse PEG. PEGylation is useful for increasing the solubility of peptide fragments, and for facilitating their purification by precipitation with EtOH/Et 2O. These properties are especially valuable if the peptide’s amino acid side-chains are supposed to be further derivatized postSPPS, for example by enzymatic glycosylation. Following NCL, the auxiliary can be conveniently removed by irradiation with UV-light (10 min in water or water/acetonitrile). This method is particularly useful for the synthesis of sophisticated peptides such as glycopeptides, where cost- and labor-intensive short sequences can be prepared separately, and subsequently conjugated to long fragments synthesized in a standard manner.

Product details

PAA2000

tBu-SS-Photo(Fmoc)-Gly-OH

Photocleavable-NCL-auxiliary-Gly-OH CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1994388-93-0 C 36H44N4O 9 S 2 740,89 g/mol

S

H N

S

O OH NO2

MeO

O O

N H

H N

O O

Reference: → A PEGylated photocleavable auxiliary mediates the sequential enzymatic glycosylation and native chemical ligation of peptides; C. Bello, S. Wang, L. Meng, K. W. Moremen, C. F. Becker; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015; 54: 7711-5. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201501517

29

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Peptide linkers are usually cleaved under acidic conditions or using two-step procedures. Photocleavage proceeds under neutral conditions using UV light and can either be performed in batch or using flow

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

chemistry.

E

P

T

P

I

E

D

P

Linker

E

T

I

D

Resin

E

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

P

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

hν

Fig. 12: Cleavage of photolabile linkers.

Furthermore, photolabile linkers are orthogonal to standard peptide chemistry reaction conditions, Three different photolabile linkers are available for your convenience:

Photo-linker for the synthesis of C-terminal carboxylic acids

Acid-Photo-Linker

4-(4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butanoic acid 175281-76-2 C13H17NO 7 299,28 g/mol

O O HO

OH OMe

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O2N

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

RL-2150

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

Product details

Photoswitches

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

thus enabling the use of a wide variety of amino acid protecting groups.

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Index

9.

30

Photochemistry Fmoc-amino photo-linker for the synthesis of peptide amides Product details

RL-1026

Fmoc-Photo-Linker

4-{4-[1-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-2methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy}butanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

162827-98-7 C 28H28N2O 8 520,56 g/mol

O2N O O

O NH

O

OH OMe

References: → Continuous photochemical cleavage of linkers for solid-phase synthesis; M. Hurevich, J. Kandasamy, B. M. Ponnappa, M. Collot, D. Kopetzki, D. T. McQuade, P. H. Seeberger; Org Lett 2014; 16: 1794-7. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ol500530q → Photolytic Mass Laddering for Fast Characterization of Oligomers on Single Resin Beads; K. Burgess, C. I. Martinez, D. H. Russell, H. Shin, A. J. Zhang; J. Org. Chem. 1997; 62: 5662-5663. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/jo970866w → Direct Monitoring of Organic Reactions on Polymeric Supports; M. R. Carrasco, M. C. Fitzgerald, Y. Oda, S. B. H. Kent; Tetrahedron Lett. 1997; 38: 6331-6334. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01456-1

circle-arrow-right

31

.

Download our Linkerology(R) booklet and discover available linkers!

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Related Products

10.1.

Fmoc-Phe-Aca – a Cell Internalization Reporter, and further Fluorescent Amino Acid Derivatives

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

10.

fluorescence. When incorporated into a peptide C-terminally of phenylalanine, Aca is a useful reporter group for the successful internalization of CPPs. The phenyl moiety of phenylalanine quenches the fluorescence of Aca. Internalization of the CPP containing Phe-Aca leads to proteolytic cleavage of the Phe-Aca bond and thus to fluorescence. However, the peptide bond formation between phenylalanine and Aca is considered to be a difficult coupling and often leads to low coupling yields. For your conveni-

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

The unnatural amino acid Aca (7-amino-coumarin-4-acetic acid) is a coumarin derivative and exhibits

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

ence, Iris Biotech offers Fmoc Phe-Aca as building block suitable for SPPS. This pseudodipeptide can be coupled to the resin of your choice and subsequently elongated to prepare your target CPP.

O OH

FmocHN

N H

O

X = O or N

O

loading FmocHN

O

N H

O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

O

X

O

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

+

O OH

H2 N

CPP

O N H

O

O

Photoswitches

SPPS

H N

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

quenching

O

cell internalization and proteolytic cleavage

O

O

Related Products

H 2N

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

OH

Fig. 13: Loading of a solid support, subsequent elongation to CPPs and function as a reporter group for successful CPP internalization. arrow-up back to content

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Index

solid support

O

32

Photochemistry In addition to Fmoc-L-Phe-Aca-OH, we offer various 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC)-functionalized amino acid derivatives. Like Aca, when bound to a peptide, the AMC-amide fluoresces very weakly and excitation/emission wavelengths are shorter (ca. 330/390 nm). When the free AMC-amine is released by proteolytic cleavage, the fluorescence increases by a factor of approx. 700 and excitation and emission wavelengths are red-shifted. Thus, the low fluorescence of the AMC-amide substrate does not interfere with the fluorometric assay. Besides, Iris Biotech offers dipeptide recognition motifs such as Phe-Arg (ZAA1480 on page 36) or Arg-Arg (ZAA1470 on page 35) as fluorogenic 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin based protease substrates. The acetic acid derivative of AMC, 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) emits in the blue region (440-460 nm) upon activation with UV light of 350 nm.

Further fluorescent amino acids include those functionalized with acridine derivatives (2-Acd and 2-Bacd).

Coumarin Derivatives Product details

HAA9645

H-L-Lys(AMC)-OH*TFA

N6-(((7-amino-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-L-lysine trifluoroacetate Formula Mol. weight

NH2

O HN

O O

C17H21N3 O 6*C 2HF3 O 2 363,37*114,02 g/mol

O OH

(S)

H2N

O

BAA3650

Boc-L-Lys-AMC*AcOH

N-alpha-t-Butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin acetate CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O H N

O

116883-12-6 net C 21H29N3 O 5*CH3 CO 2H 403,47*60,05

(S)

N H

O

O

O

NH2

BAA6410

Boc-L-Lys(Ac)-AMC

tert-butyl (S)-(6-acetamido-1-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2Hchromen-7-yl)amino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)carbamate CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

233691-67-3 C 23H31N3 O 6 445,52 g/mol

FDP1240

Fmoc-L-Phe-Aca-OH

O

O O

NH

O HN

(S)

HN O O

7-[N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-L-phenylalaninyl-amido]-coumarin-4-acetic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

33

2250437-40-0 C 35H28N2O 7 588,61 g/mol

O OH O

H N

O

(S)

O

N H

O

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

O

L-Alanine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin 77471-41-1 C13H14N2O 3 246,27 g/mol

HAA1174

H-L-Ala-AMC*TFA

H N

O

O

N H

O

O

H2N O

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

H-L-Ala-AMC

L-Alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin trifluoroacetate 96594-10-4 C13H14N2O 3*CF3 CO 2H 360,29 g/mol

HAA7630

H-L-Arg-AMC*2HCl

O H2N

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

L-Arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin dihydrochloride O H2N

N H

(S)

O NH

N H

NH2

Glutaryl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride 103213-40-7 C 23H30 ClN 6O 7*HCl 502,53*36,46 g/mol

HAA7660

H-L-Glu(AMC)-OH

O

L-Glutamic acid gamma-(7-amido-4-methylcoumarin), 99% CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

72669-53-5 C15H16N2O 5 304,31 g/mol

HAA3200

H-L-Leu-AMC

O

H N

HO

N H

O

NH2

HCl

NH H N

(S)

O

O

O

(Z)

Photoswitches

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

H N

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

Glt-Gly-Arg-AMC.HCl

O HO

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

HAA7645

O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

113712-08-6 C16H21N 5O 3*2HCl 331,37*72,90 g/mol

O (S)

N H

NH2

O

O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

L-Leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarine 66447-31-2 C16H20 N2O 3 288,34 g/mol

O H2N

(S)

N H

O

O

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

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Index

HAA1200

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

34

Photochemistry Product details

HAA7740

H-L-Pyr-AMC

L-Pyroglutamic acid 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

66642-36-2 C15H14N2O4 286,29 g/mol

HAA2890

H-L-Asp(AMC)-OH

O H N

L-Aspartic acid beta-(7-amido-4-methylcoumarin) CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

133628-73-6 C14H14N2O 5 290,27 g/mol

HAA7971

H-Gly-AMC

(S)

O

O

O

O

N H

O

O H2N

OH

(S)

O O

O

HN

Glycine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

77471-42-2 C12H12N2O 3 232,24 g/mol

RL-1005

AMCA-OSu

O H2N

N H

O

7-Amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinylacetyl succinimidyl ester AMCO-NHS CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

113721-87-2 C16H14N2O 6 330,29 g/mol

RL-1170

Fmoc-ACA-OH

O

H2N

O

O

O

O

7-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino)-coumarin-4-acetic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

378247-75-7 C 26H19NO 6 441,43 g/mol

ZAA1470

Z-L-Arg-L-Arg-AMC*2HCl

O OH O O

N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginyl-L-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin-dihydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

35

140686-23-3 C 30 H39N9 O 6*2HCl 621,69*72,91 g/mol

N

N H

O

H N

H N

O

NH2 NH

O N H

O

O

H N

O

O

NH HN

NH2

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

O

Z-L-Phe-L-Arg-AMC*HCl

N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochlorid 65147-22-0 C 33H36N 6O 6*HCl 612,69*36,46 g/mol

O

H N

O

H N

N H

O

NH2 NH O

O

O

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

H N

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

ZAA1480

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

Acridine Derivatives

Boc-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH

N-alpha-t-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-{2-[9(10H)-acridonyl]}-L-alanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

643018-86-4 C 21H22N2O 5 382,41 g/mol

FAA5830

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

Boc-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH

N H

O H N

O

(S)

O

N H

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-3-{2-[9(10H)-acridonyl]}-L-alanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

1013328-63-6 C 31H24N2O 5 504,53 g/mol

FAA5880

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH

O (S)

OH

O

O

N H

O H N

O

(S)

OH

O

O

N H

Related Products

1157859-85-2 C 35H26N2O 5 554,59 g/mol

H N

O

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-3-[benzo[b] acridin-12(5H)-on-2-yl]-L-alanine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

OH

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

BAA1590

O

OH

O

Photoswitches

916834-72-5 C 25H24N2O 5 432,47 g/mol

(S)

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O H N

O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

N-alpha-t-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[benzo[b]acridin-12(5H)on-2-yl]-L-alanine

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Index

BAA1580

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

Product details

36

Photochemistry Product details

HAA3570

H-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH*HCl

3-[Benzo[b]acridin-12(5H)-on-2-yl]-L-alanine hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

933802-95-0 net C 20 H16N2O 3*HCl 332,35*36,45 g/mol

HAA3580

H-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH*HCl

O H2N

(S)

N H

3-{2-[9(10H)-acridonyl]}-L-alanine hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

854503-32-5 C16H14N2O 3*HCl 282,29*36,45 g/mol

O

OH

O H2N

(S)

OH

O

N H

References: → Rapid and general profiling of protease specificity by using combinatorial fluorogenic substrate libraries; J. L. Harris, B. J. Backes, F. Leonetti, S. Mahrus, J. A. Ellman, C. S. Craik; PNAS 2000; 97: 7754-7759. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.140132697 → Expedient Solid-Phase Synthesis of Fluorogenic Protease Substrates Using the 7-Amino-4-carbamoylmethylcoumarin (ACC) Fluorophore; D. J. Maly, F. Leonetti, B. J. Backes, D. S. Dauber, J. L. Harris, C. S. Craik, J. A. Ellman; J. Org. Chem. 2002; 67: 910-915. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/jo016140o → Synthesis of a New Fluorogenic Substrate for Cystine Aminopeptidase; Y. Kanaoka, T. Takahashi, H. Nakayama, T. Ueno, T. Sekine; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1982; 30(40): 1485-1487. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.30.1485 → Sensitive assays for trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin using new fluorogenic substrates; M. Zimmerman, B. Ashe, E. C. Yurewicz, G. Patel; Anal. Biochem. 1977; 78(1): 47-51. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90006-9. → Aminomethyl coumarin acetic acid: a new fluorescent labelling agent for proteins; H. Khalfan, R. Abuknesha, M. Rand-Weaver, R. G. Price, D. Robinson; Histochem J. 1986; 18(9): 497-499. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675617 → A Simple Fluorescent Labeling Method for Studies of Protein Oxidation, Protein Modification, and Proteolysis; A. M. Pickering, K. J. A. Davies; Free Radic Biol Med. 2012; 52(2): 239-246. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.018 → Fluorescence imaging of drug target proteins using chemical probes; H. Zhu, I. Hamachi; J. Pharm. Anal. 2020; 10: 426-433. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.013 → A New Fluorogenic Substrate for Chymotrypsin; M. Zimmerman, E. Yurewicz, G. Patel; Anal. Biochem. 1976; 70: 258-262. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2697(76)80066-8 → Determination of Caspase Specificities Using a Peptide Combinatorial Library; N. A. Thornberry, K. T. Chapman, D. W. Nicholson; Method Enzymol 2000; 322: 100-110. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(00)22011-9

37

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

The classic FRET pair EDANS and DABCYL is now available linked to Fmoc amino acid building blocks that can be readily used in SPPS. Conveniently synthesize your own custom protease substrates!

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Building Blocks for the SPPS of FRET-based Fluorogenic Protease Substrates

340 nm

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

DABCYL

peptide

fragment 2

fragment 1

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

490 nm

DABCYL

Fig. 14: Screening of protease activity using FRET-based fluorogenic protease substrates

Traditionally, fluorogenic protease substrates for the screening of protease activity are prepared by peptide synthesis and subsequent regioselective deprotection and functionalization with a fluorophore/ quencher pair such as EDANS and DABSYL or DABCYL, respectively.

Product details

Fmoc-L-Lys(Dabcyl)-OH

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-N-epsilon-4-[4‘-(dimethylamino)phenylazo]benzoyl-L-lysine 146998-27-8 C 36H37N 5O 5 619,73 g/mol

O

O (S)

Me N

OH

Me

N N

HN O

Related Products

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

H N

O

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

FAA1498

Photoswitches

EDANS

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

proteolysis

340 nm

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

EDANS

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

FRET

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Index

10.2.

38

Photochemistry Product details

LS-4180

Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKM-Glu(Edans)-amide

Dabcyl-lysyl-threonyl-seryl-alanyl-valyl-leucyl-glutaminyl-seryl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-lysyl-methionyl-glutamyl(Edans)-amide

H2N

H3C

N H N

N H CH3

O

H N

H N

N H

O

O O

H N

N H

NH2 HN

O

O

N H

O

OH

H3C

O

H N

N H

O

H N

S

O

N O H N

N HO

O O

S

O O

O

OH

O

H-L-Cys-L-Glu(Dansyl)-OH*TFA

2941222-88-2 C 22H31N 5O 6 S 2*2C 2HF3 O 2 525,64*228,05 g/mol

HAA9820

H-L-Cys-EDA-Dansyl*2TFA

(R)-2-amino-N-(2-((5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene)-1-sulfonamido)ethyl)-3-mercaptopropanamide bis(trifluoroacetate) CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2941222-89-3 C17H24N4O 3 S 2*2CF3 COOH 396,54*228,04 g/mol

FAA1446

Fmoc-L-Lys(Dansyl)-OH

O

O (R)

HS

OH O

(S)

N H

NH2

HN

HN S

N

O H2N

H N

N H

(R)

H N

O

118584-90-0 C 33H35N3 O 6 S 601,7 g/mol

39

O O

O OH

(S)

H N

O

N

O S

O

Me

H-L-Dap-EDA-Dansyl*3HCl

(S)-2,3-diamino-N-(2-((5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene)-1-sulfonamido)ethyl)propanamide trihydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

S

N

Me

HAA9815

O O

HS

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-N-epsilon-dansyl-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

2784651-18-7 C17H25N 5O 3 S*3HCl 379,48*109,38 g/mol

O S OH

O

5HP2O((PEG)2-OH)-(CH2)5-Dansyl

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

NH

HN

2-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl 3-(1-(5-((5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene)-1-sulfonamido)pentyl)-2hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)propanoate

N2-(L-cysteinyl)-N5-(2-((5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene)-1-sulfonamido)ethyl)-L-glutamine bis(trifluoroacetate)

NH2

O

NH2

LS-4670

LS-4665

O

H N

N H

O

O

CH3

2642630-08-6 C95H142N26O 23 S 2 2080,46 g/mol

C 30 H43N3 O 9 S 621,75 g/mol

OH

O

H N O HO

N

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

Formula Mol. weight

HN

NH2

O

N

O H2N

(S)

H N

N H

S

O O

H2N

N

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Fmoc-L-Glu(EDANS)-OH

N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N4-(2-((5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)amino)ethyl)-L-asparagine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

182253-73-2 C 31H29N3 O 8 S 603,65 g/mol

OH

O (S)

HN O

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

H N

N H

S O

O N H

O OH

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

Fmoc-L-Asp(EDANS)-OH

O

O

H N

S O

OH

O

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

FAA9300

OH

O

References: → Enzymatic activity characterization of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease by fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique; S. Chen, L. L. Chen, H. B. Luo, T. Sun, J. Chen, F. Ye, J. H. Cai, J. K. Shen, X. Shen, H. L. Jiang; Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26: 99-106. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00010.x → Synthesis and evaluation of fluorescent probes for the detection of calpain activity; S. Mittoo, L. E. Sundstrom, M. Bradley; Anal Biochem 2003; 319: 234-8. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00324-5 → A general method for the preparation of internally quenched fluorogenic protease substrates using solid-phase peptide synthesis; L. L. Maggiora, C. W. Smith, Z. Y. Zhang; J Med Chem 1992; 35: 3727-30. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00099a001 → Novel fluorogenic substrates for assaying retroviral proteases by resonance energy transfer; E. D. Matayoshi, G. T. Wang, G. A. Krafft, J. Erickson; Science 1990; 247: 954-8. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2106161 → Design and synthesis of new fluorogenic HIV protease substrates based on resonance energy transfer; G. T. Wang, E. Matayoshi, H. Jan Huffaker, G. A. Krafft; Tetrahedron Lett. 1990; 31: 6493-6496. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97099-0

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

.

Interested in fluorogenic amino acids for SPPS?

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

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Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

193475-66-0 C 32H31N3 O 8 S 617,67 g/mol

(S)

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

Photoswitches

N-alpha-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-5-(2-(5-sulfonaphthalen-1-ylamino)ethylamido)-L-glutamic acid

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Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Index

FAA4410

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

40

Photochemistry 10.3.

Fluorescent Probes

Fluorescent probes are essential tools in biological, chemical, and medical applications, allowing to optically detect the location and concentration of molecules and particles. However, choosing the appropriate fluorophore often poses a challenge. On the one hand, they should not be too large and hydrophobic. Due to rather small conjugated π-electron systems, such “small” dyes typically require high-energy UV light for excitation. However, UV light bears the risk of destroying other aromatic molecules, and, in particular, in living systems, causing DNA damage. On the other hand, when choosing dyes that can use less energetic visible light, one is typically forced to apply bulky molecules with extended π-electron systems. Classic examples, such as cyanine dyes, often interfere with the binding properties to be examined and often result in poor water solubility, making them problematic for use in biological systems.

Furthermore, many of them are more sensitive and subject to photobleaching than the “compact” ones.

Here, we highlight a set of solvatochromic dyes that offer an elegant compromise between the above-mentioned extremes. NBD, DMAP, DMAN, and MNPH are sufficiently large for excitation with visible light, yet provide excellent stability and solubility compared to many of the large fluorescence dyes.

HN

O

N

O

O

N

O

O

N

O

NO2

N O

N N

N

N

O NBD

DMAP

DMAN

MNPH

Fig. 15: Chemical structures of the fluorophores (from left to right): NBD ((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole), DMAP (4-N,N,-dimethylaminophthalimide), DMAN (4-N,N-dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalic imide), and MNPH (4-morpholino- 1,8-naphthaliic imide). The dimensions of the conjugated π-electron systems are highlighted in yellow.

Product details

LS-4730

NBD-COOH

3-((7-nitrobenzo(c)(1,2,5)oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

41

149079-60-7 C9H 8 N4O 5 252,19 g/mol

O N

O2N

N

H N

OH O

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

190324-44-8 net C 8H9N 5O 3*HCl 223,19*36,45 g/mol

HAA9830

H-L-Lys(NBD)-OH*HCl

N

H N

N

O2N

N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N6-(7-nitrobenzo(c)(1,2,5)oxadiazol-4-yl)-L-lysine hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

256525-29-8 (net) C12H15N 5O 5*HCl 309,28*36,45 g/mol

NH2

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

O H 2N

OH

(S)

O

N

N

HN

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

N1-(7-nitrobenzo(c)(1,2,5)oxadiazol-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine hydrochloride

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

NBD-NH2*HCl

NO2

Fmoc-L-Dap(NBD)-OH

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

299170-69-7 C 24H19N 5O 7 489,44 g/mol

FAA9860

Fmoc-L-Lys(NBD)-OH

O

(S)

OH

HN N O N NO2

N2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N6-(7-nitrobenzo(c))(1,2,5)oxadiazol-4-yl)-L-lysine CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O

H N

O

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3((7-nitrobenzo(c)(1,2,5)oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)propanoic acid

430436-18-3 C 37H25N 5O 7 531,53 g/mol

O

H N

O

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

FAA9855

(S)

OH

O

N

O N

HN

H-L-Lys(4-DMAN)-OH*HCl

(S)-2-amino-6-(6-(dimethylamino)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo(de)isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)hexanoic acid hydrochloride CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

3013643-52-9 (net) C 20 H23N3 O4*HCl 369,42*36,45 g/mol

O H 2N

O

N

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

HAA9835

Photoswitches

NO2

OH

(S)

O

Fmoc-L-Lys(4-DMAN)-OH

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-6(6-(dimethylamino)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo(de)isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)hexanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

3013643-54-1 C 35H33N3 O 6 591,65 g/mol

H N

O

O (S)

OH

O

O

N

O

Related Products

FAA0215

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

N

N

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Index

LS-4735

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

Product details

42

Photochemistry Product details

FAA9870

Fmoc-L-Dap(4-DMAN)-OH

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3(6-(dimethylamino)-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo(de)isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

845255-75-6 C 32H27N3 O 6 549,58 g/mol

FAA0220

Fmoc-L-Lys(4-MNPH)-OH

H N

O

1310799-65-5 C 37H35N3 O 7 633,69 g/mol

FAA9865

Fmoc-L-Dap(4-DMAP)-OH

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3(5-(dimethylamino)-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

755759-86-5 C 28H25N3 O 6 499,52 g/mol

OH O

O N O

(S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl) amino)-6-(6-morpholino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo(de)isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)hexanoic acid CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O (S)

N

H N

O

O (S)

OH

O

O

N

O

N

O

H N

O

O (S)

OH

O

O N O

N

References: → Incorporation of Two Different Nonnatural Amino Acids Independently into a Single Protein through Extension of the Genetic Code; T. Hohsaka, Y. Ashizuka, H. Sasaki, H. Murakami, M. Sisido; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999; 121(51): 12194-12195. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja992204p → Evaluating Translational Efficiency of Noncanonical Amino Acids to Inform the Design of Druglike Peptide Libraries; A. I. Chan, M. S. Sawant, D. J. Burdick, J. Tom, A. Song, C. N. Cunningham; ACS Chem. Biol. 2023; 18(1): 81-90. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.2c00712 → Design of a fluorescent amino acid derivative usable in peptide synthesis; I. Dufau, H. Mazarguil; Tetrahedron Lett. 2000; 41(32): 6063-6066. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01007-8 → A new environment-sensitive fluorescent amino acid for Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis; M. E. Vazquez, D. M. Rothman, B. Imperiali; Org. Biomol. Chem. 2004; 2(14): 1965-1966. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1039/B408001G → Fluorogenic probes for monitoring peptide binding to class II MHC proteins in living cells; P. Venkatraman, T. T. Nguyen, M. Sainlos, O. Bilsel, S. Chitta, B. Imperiali, L. J. Stern; Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007; 3(4): 222-228. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio868 → A versatile amino acid analogue of the solvatochromic fluorophore 4-N,N-dimethylamino-1,8-naphthalimide: a powerful tool for the study of dynamic protein interactions; G. Loving, B. Imperiali; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008; 130(41): 13630-13638. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja804754y → A turn-on fluorescent PCNA sensor; A. J. Horsfall, T. Chav, J. B. Bruning, A. D. Abell; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2021; 41: 128031. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128031 → A versatile luminescent probe for sensing and monitoring amyloid proteins; G. Vazqzuez, A. Espargaro, A. Caballero, A. Pede-Mattatelli, M. Busquets, D. Nawrot, R. Sabate, E. Nicolas, J. Juarez-Jimenez, P. Gamez; Dyes Pigm. 2024; 231: 112348. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112348 → Peptide Functionalized Polydiacetylene Liposomes Act as a Fluorescent Turn-On Sensor for Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide; J. Wu, A. Zawistowski, M. Ehrmann, T. Yi, C. Schmuck; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011; 133(25): 9720-9723. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/ja204013u

43

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

sed approaches, luminescence does not require external excitation and typically delivers a much higher signal-to-noise ratio.

Fmoc-6-amino-D-luciferin (FAA9765 on page 44) is an SPPS-ready building block for creating peptide-based bioluminescent substrates. Fmoc protection allows the luciferin unit to be handled like an N-terminal amino acid in standard peptide synthesis. When combined with a protease-specific peptide sequence, these conjugates remain dark until enzymatic cleavage releases a bright bioluminescent signal. These substrates are well-established in in vitro assays and increasingly used in cell-based applica-

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

Luminescent imaging has become a powerful tool to monitor enzymatic activity. Unlike fluorescent-ba-

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

Luciferin for SPPS

Product details

Fmoc-D-aLuc-OH

N H

N

S

S

(S)

OH

References: → Novel Regioselective Approach to Cyclize Phage-Displayed Peptides in Combination with Epitope-Directed Selection to Identify a Potent Neutralizing Macrocyclic Peptide for SARS-CoV-2; J. T. Hampton, T. L. Lalonde, J. M. Tharp, Y. Kurra, Y. R. Alugubelli, C. M. Roundy, G. L. Hamer, S. Xu, W. Liu; ACS Chem. Biol. 2022; 17(19): 29112922. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.2c00565 → Synthesis of N-Peptide-6-Amino-D-Luciferin Conjugates with Optimized Fragment Condensation Strategy; A. K. Kovacs, P. Hegyes, G. J. Szebeni, K. Bogar, L. G. Puskas, G. K. Toth; Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther 2019; 25: 1209-1215. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-018-9768-8 → Selective and Sensitive Monitoring of Caspase-1 Activity by a Novel Bioluminescent Activity-Based Probe; M. Kindermann, H. Roschitzki-Voser, D. Caglic, U. Repnik, C. Miniejew, P. R. E. Mittl, G. Kosec, M. G. Grütter, B. Turk, K. U. Wendt; Chem. Biol. 2010; 17(9): 999-1007. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.07.011 → Synthesis of N-peptide-6-amino-D-luciferin Conjugates; A. K Kovács, P. Hegyes, G. J Szebeni, L. I. Nagy, L. G. Puskás, G. K Tóth; Front Chem. 2018; 6: 120. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00120 → Solid-Phase Synthesis of Caged Luminescent Peptides via Side Chain Anchoring; D. Sondag, J. J. A. Heming, D. W. P. M. Löwik, E. Krivosheeva, D. Lejeune, M. van Geffen, C. van’t Veer, W. L. van Heerde, M. C. J. Beens, B. H. M. Kuijpers, T. J. Boltje, F. P. J. T. Rutjes; Bioconjugate Chem. 2023; 34(12): 2234-2242. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00381 arrow-up back to content

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Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

Photoswitches

578705-47-2 C 26H19N3 O4 S 2 501,58 g/mol

O

N

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

CAS-No. Formula Mol. weight

O O

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

(S)-2-(6-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino) benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid

Related Products

FAA9765

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

tions.

Index

10.4.

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

→ Peptide-Based Probes with an Artificial Anion-Binding Motif for Direct Fluorescence “Switch-On” Detection of Nucleic Acid in Cells; D. Maity, M. Matkovic, S. Li, M. Ehlers, J. Wu, I. Piantanida, C. Schmuck; Chem. Eur. J. 2017; 23(68): 17356-17362. arrow-up-right-from-square https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201703813

44

Photochemistry

Index

45

Product code

Product name

39

FAA0220

Fmoc-L-Lys(4-MNPH)-OH

43

Acid-Photo-Linker

30

FAA1498

Fmoc-L-Lys(Dabcyl)-OH

38

RL-1005

AMCA-OSu

35

FAA1446

Fmoc-L-Lys(Dansyl)-OH

39

RL-2035

ATFB

13

FAA9840

Fmoc-L-Lys(MeNPOC)-OH

22

RL-2045

ATFB-NHS

13

FAA9860

Fmoc-L-Lys(NBD)-OH

42

PEG5000

ATFB-O2Oc

13

FAA8425

Fmoc-L-Lys(NDBFOC)-OH

21

PEG2065

Biotin-TEG-ATFBA

13

FAA7230

Fmoc-L-Lys(Nvoc)-OH

20

BAA1590

Boc-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH

36

FAA9365

Fmoc-L-Lys(oNB)-OH

23

BAA1580

Boc-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH

36

FAA9755

Fmoc-L-MeCys(oNV)-OH

19

Fmoc-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH

27

Product code

Product name

LS-4670

5HP2O((PEG)2-OH)-(CH2)5-Dansyl

RL-2150

Page

Page

BAA6410

Boc-L-Lys(Ac)-AMC

33

FAA7010

BAA3650

Boc-L-Lys-AMC*AcOH

33

FDP1240

Fmoc-L-Phe-Aca-OH

33

BAA1660

Boc-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH

27

FAA9845

Fmoc-L-Photo-Click-ANon-OH

5

BAA3070

Boc-L-Photo-Leucine*DCHA

3

FAA4590

Fmoc-L-Photo-Leucine

3

BAA3080

Boc-L-Photo-Lysine

4

FAA4600

Fmoc-L-Photo-Lysine

4

BAA3090

Boc-L-Photo-Methionine*DCHA

4

FAA4610

Fmoc-L-Photo-Methionine

4

BAA1530

Boc-L-Photo-Phe-OH

5

FAA5690

Fmoc-L-Photo-Phe-OH

5

BAA3100

Boc-L-Photo-Proline

5

FAA4620

Fmoc-L-Photo-Proline

5

BAA6500

Boc-NIC-OH

24

FAA9575

Fmoc-L-Ser(oNv)-OH

20

Fmoc-L-Tyr(oNv)-OH

20

LS-4180

Dabcyl-KTSAVLQSGFRKM-Glu(Edans)-amide

39

FAA9580

RL-1170

Fmoc-ACA-OH

35

FAA7350

Fmoc-N(oNv)-Gly-OH

19

FAA9720

Fmoc-alpha-Me-L-Aad(OtBu)-OH

6

FAA9680

Fmoc-NIC-OH

24

FAA9180

Fmoc-AMPB-OH

27

RL-1026

Fmoc-Photo-Linker

31

FAA9765

Fmoc-D-aLuc-OH

44

FAA7190

Fmoc-Spr(oNB)-OH

15

FAA5830

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH

36

FAA7200

Fmoc-Spr(oNv)-OH

15, 20

FAA5880

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH

36

HAA7645

Glt-Gly-Arg-AMC.HCl

34

FAA4250

Fmoc-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH

17

HAA7971

H-Gly-AMC

35

FAA9300

Fmoc-L-Asp(EDANS)-OH

40

HAA3580

H-L-Ala(2-Acd)-OH*HCl

37

FAA9555

Fmoc-L-Asp(MNI)-OH

23

HAA3570

H-L-Ala(2-Bacd)-OH*HCl

37

H-L-Ala(2-Furyl)-OH

17

FAA7945

Fmoc-L-Cys(MDNPE)-OH

22

HAA2930

FAA8420

Fmoc-L-Cys(NDBF)-OH

21

HAA1200

H-L-Ala-AMC

34

FAA3970

Fmoc-L-Cys(oNv)-OH

19

HAA1174

H-L-Ala-AMC*TFA

34

FAA9870

Fmoc-L-Dap(4-DMAN)-OH

43

HAA7630

H-L-Arg-AMC*2HCl

34

FAA9865

Fmoc-L-Dap(4-DMAP)-OH

43

HAA2890

H-L-Asp(AMC)-OH

35

FAA9855

Fmoc-L-Dap(NBD)-OH

42

HAA9665

H-L-Asp(MNI)-OH

23

FAA4410

Fmoc-L-Glu(EDANS)-OH

40

HAA9270

H-L-Cys(MDNPE)-OH

21

FAA9560

Fmoc-L-Glu(MNI)-OH

23

HAA9320

H-L-Cys(oNv)-OH

21

FAA8870

Fmoc-L-hCys(oNv)-OH

19

HAA9820

H-L-Cys-EDA-Dansyl*2TFA

39

FAA0215

Fmoc-L-Lys(4-DMAN)-OH

42

LS-4665

H-L-Cys-L-Glu(Dansyl)-OH*TFA

39

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

23

FAA9350

H-L-Glu(oNB)-OH*HCl

22

HAA3200

H-L-Leu-AMC

34

HAA9835

H-L-Lys(4-DMAN)-OH*HCl

42

HAA9645

H-L-Lys(AMC)-OH*TFA

33

HAA9715

H-L-Lys(MeNPOC)-OH

22

HAA9830

H-L-Lys(NBD)-OH*HCl

42

HAA9710

H-L-Lys(Nvoc)-OH

20

FAA9345

H-L-Lys(oNB)-OH*HCl

22

HAA3710

H-L-Phe(4-N=NPh)-OH*HCl

26

HAA3100

H-L-Photo-Leucine*HCl

3

HAA3110

H-L-Photo-Lysine*HCl

3

HAA3120

H-L-Photo-Methionine*HCl

4

HAA3490

H-L-Photo-Phe-OH

4

HAA3130

H-L-Photo-Proline*HCl

5

HAA7740

H-L-Pyr-AMC

35

HAA9360

H-L-Sec(MDNPE)-OH

21

Photochemistry in Peptide Synthesis and Bioconjugation

H-L-Glu(MNI)-OH

H-L-Sec(NPE)-OH*HCl

23

H-L-Sec(oNB)-OH*HCl

22

HAA9255

H-L-Sec(oNv)-OH*TFA

21

LS-4730

NBD-COOH

41

LS-4735

NBD-NH2*HCl

42

RL-8710

Nvoc,Mal-aminoethyl-beta-Ala-OH

20

RL-2920

Photo-Benzoic acid

10

RL-2930

Photo-Benzylamine*HCl

10

RL-2910

Photo-Butylamine

10

RL-3410

Photo-Click-Heptanoic acid

9

RL-3720

Photo-Click-Palmitic acid

9

RL-3760

Photo-Click-Stearic acid

10

RL-2900

Photo-Hexanoic acid

9

RL-3740

Photo-Palmitic acid

9

RL-2890

Photo-Pentanoic acid

9

RL-3750

Photo-Stearic acid

9

RL-2970

Photo-Trimethyl-Lock

15

PAA2000

tBu-SS-Photo(Fmoc)-Gly-OH

29

ZAA1470

Z-L-Arg-L-Arg-AMC*2HCl

35

ZAA1480

Z-L-Phe-L-Arg-AMC*HCl

36

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Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

Index

Related Products

HAA9475 HAA9465

Photo-Crosslinkers for Various Applications

HAA9670

Photoactivated Self-Cleaving Linkers and Protecting Groups via Trimethyl Lock

34

Furfuryl-Alanine for Side-chain Modification and Bioconjugation

39

H-L-Glu(AMC)-OH

Photocaged Amino Acid Building Blocks

H-L-Dap-EDA-Dansyl*3HCl

HAA7660

Photoswitches

HAA9815

Diazirine Amino Acids for Photo-Crosslinkage in Living Cells

Page

Photocleavable Auxiliary Reagent for Native Chemical Ligation

Product name

Photo-Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptide Amides and Acids

Product code

46

Photochemistry

Code of Conduct As business activity of Iris Biotech GmbH impacts people’s lives and health, it must be operated in ethical and correct manner and act with integrity and responsibility. To ensure high ethical standards and fair business practices, Iris Biotech GmbH applies an integrated policy known as its Code of Conduct.

In 2001 Iris Biotech GmbH was founded just at the beginning of the Biotech movement and the first remarkable breakthrough of biotech pharma products. Although the biotech field is rather young compared to other industries we believe on long-term business, a good partnership between our business partners and Iris Biotech GmbH and a good reputation. It is our duty as well as our responsibility to maintain and to extend this over the next generations – based on the principles of an honourable and prudent tradesman which based upon the concept of honourable entrepreneurship.

This Code of Conduct has been developed following the “Voluntary Guidelines for Manufacturers of Fine Chemical Intermediates and Active Ingredients” issued by AIME (Agrochemical & Intermediates Manufacturers in Europe) and the requirements of some of our business associates.

Iris Biotech GmbH commits to hold this Code of Conduct and to include and apply its principles in the management system and the company policies.

Ethics Iris Biotech GmbH undertakes business in an ethical manner and acts with integrity. All corruption, extortion and embezzlement are prohibited. We do not pay or accept bribes or participate in other illegal inducements in business or government relationships. We conduct our business in compliance with all applicable anti-trust laws. Employees are encouraged to report concerns or illegal activities in the workplace, without threat of reprisal, intimidation or harassment.

Labour Iris Biotech GmbH is committed to uphold the human rights of workers and to treat them with dignity and respect. Child labour, workplace harassment, discrimination, and harsh and inhumane treatment are prohibited. Iris Biotech GmbH respects the rights of the employees to associate freely, join or not join labour unions, seek representation and join workers’ councils. Employees are paid and their working timetable is established according to applicable wage and labour laws. Employees are able to communicate openly with management regarding working conditions without threat of reprisal, intimidation or harassment.

General Policies Contracts and Secrecy Agreements are binding and the confidential information received is only used for intended purposes. Clear management and organizational structures exist to provide efficient normal working and to address problems quickly. Know-how is protected and intellectual property isrespected.

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Health and Safety Iris Biotech GmbH provides a safe and healthy working environment to the employees and protects them from overexposure to chemical and physical hazards. Products are produced, stored and shipped under the guidelines of the relevant chemical and safety legislation. Risks and emergency scenarios are identified and evaluated, and their possible impact is minimized by implementing emergency plans and written procedures. Safety information regarding hazardous materials is available to educate, train and protect workers from hazards. Preventive equipment and facilities maintenance is performed at suitable periods to reduce potential hazards. Employees are regularly trained in health and safety matters and are informed about product properties and risk classification when it is required.

Environment Iris Biotech GmbH operates in an environmentally responsible and efficient manner, minimizing adverse impacts on the environment. Waste streams are managed to ensure a safe handling, movement, storage, recycling and reuse, before and after being generated. Systems to prevent and mitigate accidental spills and releases to the environment are in place. All required environmental permits and licenses are obtained and their operational and reporting requirements are complied with.

Production and Quality Management A quality management system following the Good Distribution Practices (GDP rules) of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients is established covering all the aspects of the worldwide distribution of products.

Regular audits are performed to evaluate the efficiency and fulfilling of the quality system. Process controls to provide reproducible product quality are established. There are preventive maintenance procedures to ensure plant reliability and the lowest risk of failure. Staff is trained periodically about GMP and GDP rules. Procedures are established and installations are designed to avoid cross contamination.

Batch and analytical records are kept for inspection and audit purposes for suitable periods according guidelines.

Research and Development Research and development staff education is appropriate to their functional activity and they are trained to develop, optimize and scale-up the processes. Intellectual property is respected and knowhow protected. Development of manufacturing processes reflects the principles of the Green Chemistry according to the American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute. Animal testing is not used unless alternatives are not scientifically valid or accepted by regulators. If animal testing is carried out, animals are treated so that pain and stress are minimized.

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

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Photochemistry

Terms and Conditions of Sales All orders placed by a buyer are accepted and all contracts are made subject to the terms which shall prevail and be effective notwithstanding any variations or additions contained in any order or other document submitted by the buyer. No modification of these terms shall be binding upon Iris Biotech GmbH unless made in writing by an authorised representative of Iris Biotech GmbH.

Placing of Orders Every order made by the buyer shall be deemed an offer by the buyer to purchase products from Iris Biotech GmbH and will not be binding on Iris Biotech GmbH until a duly authorised representative of Iris Biotech GmbH has accepted the offer made by the buyer. Iris Biotech GmbH may accept orders from commercial, educational or government organisations, but not from private individuals and Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to insist on a written order and/or references from the buyer before proceeding.

There is no minimum order value. At the time of acceptance of an order Iris Biotech GmbH will either arrange prompt despatch from stock or the manufacture/acquisition of material to satisfy the order. In the event of the latter Iris Biotech GmbH will indicate an estimated delivery date. In addition to all its other rights Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to refuse the subsequent cancellation of the order if Iris Biotech GmbH expects to deliver theproduct on or prior to the estimated delivery date. Time shall not be of the essence in respect of delivery of the products. If Iris Biotech GmbH is unable to deliver any products by reason of any circumstances beyond its reasonable control („Force Majeure“) then the period for delivery shall be extended by the time lost due to such Force Majeure. Details of Force Majeure will be forwarded by Iris Biotech GmbH to the buyer as soon as reasonably practicable.

Prices, Quotations and Payments Prices are subject to change. For the avoidance of doubt, the price advised by Iris Biotech GmbH at the time of the buyer placing the order shall supersede any previous price indications. The buyer must contact the local office of Iris Biotech GmbH before ordering if further information is required. Unless otherwise agreed by the buyer and Iris Biotech GmbH, the price shall be for delivery ex-works. In the event that the buyer requires delivery of the products otherwise than ex-works the buyer should contact the local office of Iris Biotech GmbH in order to detail its requirements. Iris Biotech GmbH shall, at its discretion, arrange the buyer‘s delivery requirements including, without limitation, transit insurance, the mode of transit (Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to vary the mode of transit if any regulations or other relevant considerations so require) and any special packaging requirements (including cylinders).

For the avoidance of doubt all costs of delivery and packaging in accordance with the buyer‘s requests over and above that of delivery in standard packaging ex-works shall be for the buyer‘s account unless otherwise agreed by both parties. Incoterms 2020 shall apply. Any tax, duty or charge imposed by governmental authority or otherwise and any other applicable taxes, duties or charges shall be for the buyer‘s account. Iris Biotech GmbH may, on request and where possible, provide quotations for multiple packs or bulk quantities, and non-listed items. Irrespective of the type of request or means of response all quotations must be accepted by the buyer without condition and in writing before an order will be accepted by Iris Biotech GmbH. Unless agreed in writing on different terms, quotations are valid for 30 days from the date thereof. Payment terms are net 30 days from invoice date unless otherwise agreed in writing. Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to request advance payment at its discretion. For overseas transactions the buyer shall pay all the banking charges of Iris Biotech GmbH. The buyer shall not

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be entitled to withhold or set-off payment for the products for any reason whatsoever. Government/ Corporate Visa and MasterCard (and other such credit cards) may be accepted on approved accounts for payment of the products. Personal credit cards are not acceptable. Failure to comply with the terms of payment of Iris Biotech GmbH shall constitute default without reminder. In these circumstances Iris Biotech GmbH may (without prejudice to any other of its rights under these terms) charge interest to accrue on a daily basis at the rate of 2% per month from the date upon which payment falls due to the actual date of payment (such interest shall be paid monthly). If the buyer shall fail to fulfil the payment terms in respect of any invoice of Iris Biotech GmbH Iris Biotech GmbH may demand payment of all outstanding balances from the buyer whether due or not and/or cancel all outstanding orders and/or decline to make further deliveries or provision of services except upon receipt of cash or satisfactory securities.

Until payment by the buyer in full of the price and any other monies due to Iris Biotech GmbH in respect of all other products or services supplied or agreed to be supplied by Iris Biotech GmbH to the buyer (including but without limitation any costs of delivery) the property in the products shall remain vested in Iris Biotech GmbH.

Shipping, Packaging and Returns The buyer shall inspect goods immediately on receipt and inform Iris Biotech GmbH of any shortage or damage within five days. Quality problems must be notified within ten days of receipt. Goods must not be returned without prior written authorisation of Iris Biotech GmbH. Iris Biotech GmbH shall at its sole discretion replace the defective products (or parts thereof) free of charge or refund the price (or proportionate price) to buyer. Opened or damaged containers cannot be returned by the buyer without the written prior agreement of Iris Biotech GmbH. In the case of agreed damaged containers which cannot be so returned, the buyer assumes responsibility for the safe disposal of such containers in accordance with all applicable laws.

Product Quality, Specifications and Technical Information Products are analysed in the Quality Control laboratories of Iris Biotech GmbH’s production partners by methods and procedures which Iris Biotech GmbH considers appropriate. In the event of any dispute concerning reported discrepancies arising from the buyer’s analytical results, determined by the buyer’s own analytical procedures, Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to rely on the results of own analytical methods of Iris Biotech GmbH. Certificates of Analysis or Certificates of Conformity are available at the discretion of Iris Biotech GmbH for bulk orders but not normally for prepack orders. Iris Biotech GmbH reserves the right to make a charge for such certification. Specifications may change and reasonable variation from any value listed should not form the basis of a dispute. Any supply by Iris Biotech GmbH of bespoke or custom product for a buyer shall be to a specification agreed by both parties in writing.

Technical information, provided orally, in writing, or by electronic means by or on behalf of Iris Biotech GmbH, including any descriptions, references, illustrations or diagrams in any catalogue or brochure, is provided for guidance purposes only and is subject to change.

Safety All chemicals should be handled only by competent, suitably trained persons, familiar with laboratory procedures and potential chemical hazards. The burden of safe use of the products of Iris Biotech GmbH vests in the buyer. The buyer assumes all responsibility for warning his employees, and any persons who might reasonably be expected to come into contact with the products, of all risks to person and property in any way connected with the products and for instructing them in their safe handling and use. The buyer also assumes the responsibility for the safe disposal of all products in accordance with all applicable laws.

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

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Photochemistry Uses, Warranties and Liabilities All products of Iris Biotech GmbH are intended for laboratory research purposes and unless otherwise stated on product labels, in the catalogue and product information sheet of Iris Biotech GmbH or in other literature furnished to the buyer, are not to be used for any other purposes, including but not limited to use as or as components in drugs for human or animal use, medical devices, cosmetics, food additives, household chemicals, agricultural or horticultural products or pesticides. Iris Biotech GmbH offers no warranty regarding the fitness of any product for a particular purpose and shall not be responsible for any loss or damage whatsoever arising there from. No warranty or representation is given by Iris Biotech GmbH that the products do not infringe any letters patent, trademarks, registered designs or other industrial rights. The buyer further warrants to Iris Biotech GmbH that any use of the products in the United States of America shall not result in the products becoming adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (or such equivalent legislation in force in the buyer‘s jurisdiction) and shall not be materials which may not, under sections 404, 505 or 512 of the Act, be introduced into interstate commerce. The buyer acknowledges that, since the products of Iris Biotech GmbH are intended for research purposes, they may not be on the Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 („TSCA“) inventory. The buyer warrants that it shall ensure that the products are approved for use under the TSCA (or such other equivalent legislation in force in the buyer‘s jurisdiction), if applicable. The buyer shall be responsible for complying with any legislation or regulations governing the use of the products and their importation into the country of destination (for the avoidance of doubt to include, without limitation, the TSCA and all its amendments, all EINECS, ELINCS and NONS regulations). If any licence or consent of any government or other authority shall be required for the acquisition, carriage or use of the products by the buyer the buyer shall obtain the same at its own expense and if necessary produce evidence of the same to Iris Biotech GmbH on demand. Failure to do so shall not entitle the buyer to withhold or delay payment. Any additional expenses or charges incurred by Iris Biotech GmbH resulting from such failure shall be for the buyer‘s account. Save for death or personal injury caused by negligence of Iris Biotech GmbH, sole obligation of Iris Biotech GmbH and buyer‘s exclusive remedy with respect to the products proved to the satisfaction of Iris Biotech GmbH to be defective or products incorrectly supplied shall be to accept the return of said products to Iris Biotech GmbH for refund of the actual purchase price paid by the buyer (or proportionate part thereof), or replacement of the defective product (or part thereof) with alternative product. Iris Biotech GmbH shall have no liability to the buyer under or arising directly or indirectly out of or otherwise in connection with the supply of products by Iris Biotech GmbH to the buyer and/or their re-sale or use by the buyer or for any product, process or services of the buyer which in any way comprises the product in contract tort (including negligence or breach of statutory duty) or otherwise for pure economic loss, loss of profit, business, reputation, depletion of brand, contracts, revenues or anticipated savings or for any special indirect or consequential damage or loss of any nature except as may otherwise be expressly provided for in these terms. All implied warranties, terms and representations in respect of the products (whether implied by statute or otherwise) are excluded to the fullest extent permitted by law. The buyer shall indemnify Iris Biotech GmbH for and against any and all losses, damages and expenses, including legal fees and other costs of defending any action, that Iris Biotech GmbH may sustain or incur as a result of any act or omission by the buyer, its officers, agents or employees, its successors or assignees, its customers or all other third parties, whether direct or indirect, in connection with the use of any product. For the avoidance of doubt and in the event that Iris Biotech GmbH supplies bespoke or custom product to the buyer‘s design or specification, this indemnity shall extend to include any claim by a third party that the manufacture of the product for the buyer or the use of the product by the buyer infringes the intellectual property rights of any third party.

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General Iris Biotech GmbH shall be entitled to assign or sub-contract all or any of its rights and obligations hereunder. The buyer shall not be entitled to assign, transfer, sub-contract or otherwise delegate any of its rights or obligations hereunder. Any delay or forbearance by Iris Biotech GmbH in exercising any right or remedy under these terms shall not constitute a waiver of such right or remedy. If any provision of these terms is held by any competent authority to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part the validity of the other provisions of these terms and the remainder of the provision in question shall not be affected. These terms shall be governed by German Law and the German Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction for the hearing of any dispute between the parties save in relation to enforcement where the jurisdiction of the German Courts shall be non-exclusive.

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

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Get in Contact Iris Biotech GmbH Adalbert-Zoellner-Str. 1 95615 Marktredwitz Germany

+49 (0) 9231 97121-0 +49 (0) 9231 97121-99 info@iris-biotech.de www.iris-biotech.de

Distribution Partners The list contains the current distributors of Iris Biotech in different regions of the world. The latest list of distribution partners and contact details is available at: arrow-up-right-from-square www.iris-biotech.de/distribution-partner

China: Chengdu Yoo Technology Co., Ltd.

Japan: BizCom Japan, Inc. Shigematsu & Co., Ltd Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd.

USA & Canada: Peptide Solutions LLC

India, Bangladesh, Oman, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates: Sumit Biosciences Pvt Ltd.

Argentina, Brazil, Colombia: Seafront Biotech GmbH

Iris Biotech GmbH • Email: info@iris-biotech.de • www.iris-biotech.de • Empowering Peptide Innovation

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Empowering Peptide Innovation