Wang Mengdie - Landscape Architecture

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

WANG MENGDIE

Date of Birth: 1996.09.17 | Nationality: Chinese

reigh917@hotmail.com +39 333 8160537

EDUCATION

QUALIFICATION

10/2020 09/2018

Politecnico di Milano, Italy

CERTIFICATE Certificate of computer information technology Computer aimed designer

12/2016 02/2016

Konkuk University, South Korea

06/2018 09/2014

Shenyang University, China

Master of Landscape architecture-land landscape heritage Final mark: 110/110 Exchange Program of Architecture&Landscape architecture Bachelor Program of Landscape gardening Avg:3.61/4

ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE Ongoing09/2020

06.2020

Rhinoceros SketchUp

University of London/Goldsmiths, University of London Coursera Online Courses

Adobe Photoshop

Cybernetic Ground: Information, Imagination, Impact

Adobe InDesign

Mobility Concept 2030

RWTH Aachen University/IDEA League Summer SchooL Aachen - Germany 07.2019

Autodesk CAD

Virtual Reality Specialization

21st Annual International Digital Landscape Architecture Conference Virtual Conference 09.2019

SOFTWARE

Il Lungolago di Verbania

Politecnico di Milano Workshop Verbania - Italy

Adobe Illustrator Adobe Premiere Adobe After Effect QGIS SNAP Unity Microsoft word Microsoft Excel

WORK EXPERIENCE 09.2020 03.2020

05.2018 01.2018

Research assistant

Supervisor: Prof.Mattia Previtali DABC, Politecnico di Milano Milan,Italy Research Topic: A GIS and Remote sensing approach for desertification sensitivity assessment in Puglia region

Guangzhou urban planning & design survey research institute Guangzhou, China Sector: Landscape office Project topic: Regeneration of urban public space and design of slow traffic system

Excellent graduation thesis(1st)

Shenyang University 2017

First Award

National University Student English Competition 2015

LANGUAGE Chinese

English

Italian

Korean

Internship designer

AWARDS 2018

Microsoft PowerPoint

Second class Scholarship Shenyang University

Mother Tongue

C1

A2

Elementary

PROGRAMMING C# Python

RESEARCH INTEREST Virtual reality & Augmented reality GIS & Mapping Big data & Mobility 1

CONTENTS

URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

LANDSCAPE HERITAGE CONSERVATION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA

FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT

POETIC LANDSCAPE

GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

PHOTOGRAPHY AND DRAWINGS

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-- 01 WHITE ECOLOGY

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-- 02 EXPLORE THROUGH TIME

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-- 03 DOWN BY THE LUGANO LAKE

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-- 04 CHARGING BOT

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-- 05 THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

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-- 06 TOUCHING MOMENT

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-- 07 DESERTIFICATION SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT IN PUGLIA REGION

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-- THE MOON -- ONE AND INFINITY -- PORTRAYAL OF IDYLL

90 92 94

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DESIGN

URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY

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01 WHITE ECOLOGY Master Graduation Thesis, Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Sara Protasoni, Hope Strode Ives Collaborator: Deng Yutong, Toriyama Natsumi

INTRODUCTION Marble extraction in the Carrara basins has occurred since the 1st millennium BC, with relevant exploitation periods during the Roman period and the Renaissance, as an important component of Carrara’s economy and culture. As a consequence of this long-lasting marble extraction activity, the Carrara landscape and society reshaped. A series of environ- mental and social problems occurred, white water in Carione river, the population loss and more abandoned quarries and factories. Besides, the high disturbance of human activi- ties-mineral extraction requires a lot of effort of restoration both on environment and landscape.The end of mining has provoked the overall decline of the industry. The impacts have been far-reaching, bringing the economic, social, and ecological crisis to vast regions. It is necessary to think about the environmental issue related to the mining industry now and the social-economic issue when Carrara enters the post-mining era.

As a landscape architect, it is necessary to take on our social responsibility to think of and apply proper landscape planning and design in city transformation. The initial inspiration for our design came from our thinking about social and economic development, as to fundamentally solve the prob- lems in Carrara. In our understanding, emerging industries are the most fundamental way to promote economic devel- opment. To promote the development of emerging industries based on the protection of local special cultures, so that both the original culture can be protected, and the new culture can be created. So our theme is promoting city transformation in post-industrial (post-mining) cities, and integrating landscape design into the development of new industries and culture in city transformation.

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CARRARA OVERVIEEW

FLOODING

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(per ha)

POLLUTION

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

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STRATEGY Environmental degradation

ENVIRONMENTAL Pollution

Natural disaster

ECONOMICAL Ageing society

Out-migration

SOCIAL High unemployment

NEW INDUSTRY PROSPECTIVE Different sizes of marble slag can have different processing methods, and are used in different high-tech manufacturing industries through fine processing. By recycling these marble waste materials to complete industrial upgrading and industrial transformation, to achieve sustainable development.

To achieve industrial upgrading and transformation on the basis of traditional industries, in order to promote the transformation of the city, establish a brand-new marble ecosystem, and realize the design from CRADLE TO CRADLE. Carrara’s marble is famous for its white color, so we named this new type of marble industry chain WHITE ECOLOGY.

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Improve the education structure of the population,provide for career opportunity for local young people Increase the employment rate and irreplaceability Improve the intercity mobility to facilitate residents' life and improve sightseeing experience

Reduce energy consumption and waste of resources

Promote ecological restoration and environmental improvement

Green travel is more environmentally friendly

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A CRADLE TO CRADLE PLANNING CONCEPT ---- TREE OF CARRARA From 1956 to the present, the shape of Carrara's urban sprawl is like the growth of a tree. In the book Cradle to Cradle, the author made an analogy of a cherry tree. The cherry tree has abundant flowers and fruits, but it does not deplete the surrounding environmental resources.

When these flowers and fruits fall to the ground, they will be decomposed into nutrients, nourishing microorganisms, insects, plants, animals and soil. If the development of the city can also be like the life cycle of a tree, with the ability to metabolize, then the sustainable development of Carrara can be realized.

MARBLE WASTE RECYCLING AND STAGE PLANNING The main processl is to collect marble waste from quarry areas in the river basin, through several sediment tanks to separate different sizes of waste particles. Different sizes of marble slag can have different processing methods, and are used in different high-tech manufacturing industries through fine processing. By recycling these marble waste materials to complete industrial upgrading and industrial transformation, to achieve sustainable development,so that it could promote the transformation of the city and create sustainable development opportunities for the city. At the same time, it could solve the water pollution and flooding problems from the source, and be associated with resilience infrastructures in urban areas, environmental quality would also be improved.

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ACTIONS: 1.1 Hydrological infrastructure and waste collection system 1.2 Visiting and transportation system 1.3 Ecological restoration and vegetation reclamation 1.4 Renewable energy generation

ACTIONS: 2.1 Create green space along the river in urban area 2.2 Restore some parts of river channels to improve resilience 2.3 Reconstruct Green Streets near the river 2.4 Restore buildings and attached area actively in use near the river

ACTIONS: 3.1 Revitalize the economy and industrial transformation 3.2 Smart social structure improvement 3.3 cultural tourism and Strengthen cultural identity 3.4 renewable energy and natural disaster management

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CONCEPT OVERVIEW

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In the quarry, through more efficient and clean operations, the marble slag is recycled, and the remaining tailing marble by-products, and build a better ecological and environmentally friendly industrial park. The marble industry

gs are collected through the sedimentation tank system to control the water flow. At the same time, upgrade the marble factories in the city, manufacture high-value chain can realize a virtuous circle like the ecosystem.

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TERRITORIAL STRATEGY - QUARRY QUARRY MASTERPLAN

DETAILS

pedestrian bridge

observation platform

aqueduct

natural colonization

amphitheater

STAGE 1 DETAIL PROPOSALS: Stage 1 is working on ecological restoration and the sedimentation system in the quarry, which transform the quarry to a geo-park.

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SYSTEMATIC UNIT

DESIGN NODE

hiking path

leisure space

sedimentation tank

renewable energy

smart parking

STAGE 3 DETAIL PROPOSALS: Stage 3 will apply new exploration activities in the quarry and a new transporation network to link the quarry and the city.

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DESIGN NODE: THE CRADLE - QUARRY

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DETAIL DESIGN

PLATFORM/BRIDGE The bridge is self-supported, the supporting part is st the same height with th wall, the water from the sedimentation tank glow into the channel and flow wall.

SEDIMENTATION TANK The function unit in our quarry, With the principle of gravity and hydrodynam and precipitated, and the purified water flows into the filter pool, and some and people can have fun in it.

AQUEDUCT AND WATER RETENTION The aqueduct is 14m high. The pavement of the walking surface is the marble w inclination of 2% degree. To open a thin cut on the inner boundary to let the water The water fall down into the shallow round pond and flow out into the strea amphitheater, a leisure garden to reflect the marble culture in the past.

corten steel

ravaneti

marble

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concrete

he handrail insert into the marble out from the edge of the marble

mics, the marble slag is separated e stepping stone is inserted into it,

waste compound material with an fall like a curtain. am, the other side is the seats of

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DESIGN

ANDSCAPE HERITAGE CONSERVATION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA

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02 EXPLORE THROUGH TIME Conservation and Management of Historic Gardens and Landscapes Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Alberta Cazzani, Nicola Noe Collaborator: Chen Yao, Marta Beldarrain

INTRODUCTION Villa Ghirlanda Silva is a 17th-century noble villa in Cinisello Balsamo. It is a villa of delight , a classic suburban residence that the nobles of the time used to build outside the city as real places to stay and vacation. The complex includes an elegant English garden, which is the first English garden in Lombardy region, now transformed into a city park. Both the latter and the villa are part of the Italian cultural heritage.

However, the special historical value of villa is rarely known. Even the local people hardly know the history here. And because the regional government did not have a strong sense of heritage protection in the last century, some facilities were built in the villa that did not match the temperament here. The government has invested very little budget here, so the villa now only relies on some local volunteers to manage it. Some facilities inside the park are outdated and lack of maintenance, and there are already some potential safety hazards. Some historical trees have also encountered pests and diseases and are dying.

Therefore, this project hopes to increase the public’s attention and participation in the protection of landscape heritage. After re-planning and upgrading the facilities of the villa, a mobile phone application was designed to allow people to better participate in the protection of cultural heritage. Solve the problem of budgetary funds, increase the popularity and presence of Villa, so a design based on social media could let everyone make a contribution to Villa Girlanda Silva.

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1.1.2 Changes in the park of Ghirlanda-Silva

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Timeline TIMELINE OF VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA

CHANGES IN THE URBAN SURROUNGDING ENVIRNOMENT

Contrast between past and

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How often do you come to Villa Girlanda Silva?

Every process weekend I will The changes of the park of Ghirlanda-Silva in the historical are mainly divided into take my children here. two aspects: First, in 1801, it was time to change from the original regular garden to a romantic garden, and a formal change took place; Second, as the property rights of the land have changed from private to public, public leisure and entertainment facilities suitable for public activities (such as zoos, open-air theaters, etc.) have been added to the park, not just the facilities in the garden that were originally used by the owner’s family (such as Swiss cottages, tennis courts, etc.).

Do you know the history of the villa? like the former owners?

No, not really. I guess most people don't know. municipal green area cemetery

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historical building formal garden in the past main church

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BOTANICAL ANALYSIS TREES OF HISTORICAL VALUE

Level 1: rare species These speciess have fewer than five plants in the garden. They are very special and mostly on the roadside, and these trees scattered in the garden can't be easily found by tourists

The aplan in ad

Species mentioned in Ercole Silva 's book Dell'Arte dei Giardini Lnglesi

Eveergreen trees

Flowery trees

"Huge" trees (taller than 23m and wider than 1m) 24

Quercus robur fastigiata

Robinia pseudoacacia fastigiata

Pinus strobus

Acer p 'a

Prunus laurocerasus

Buxus sempervirens

Crataegus sp

Jun

Magnolia grandiflora

Sophora

Gleditsia triacanthos

Fraxinus excelsior

Liquidambar styraciflua

Fagus sylvatica pendula

Fagus sylvatica

Corryllus avelana contorta

Fagus sylvatica atroporpurea fastigiata

Celt

Pr

Level 2: group species

Level 3:large amount species

number of these tree species is between 5 and 20. They are nted very concentrated. The same tree species are usually planted djacent areas. They can be found in groups by tourists.

The number of these species is very large and scattered in the garden, They are easily to be found.

pseudopiatanus atropureum'

Acer negundo

Liriodendron tupilifera

Taxus baccata

Acer campestre

Ilex acquifolium

nglans nigra

Quercus rubra

Aesculus hippocastanum

Acer pseudoplata

Carpinus betulus

Celtis australis

tis occidentalis

Tilia europaea

Quercus robur

Malus sp

Populus nigra italica

runus avium

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MASTERPLAN

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STRATEGY New conservation plan Use the area of the original garden as the conservative area, respect the historical value of the garden and protect the health of the plants, move the original amusement facilities to the green space outside the garden, and add some interactive installations of music and art to convey the pursuit of art of the former owner.

New road system The road is divided into three levels. The main road is paved with grass and bricks to facilitate people's passage. The secondary road keeps the original paving to guide people to explore every part of the garden. The road paved with stones steps guides people to find special trees in the garden.

New space plan According to the distribution of tree species, the garden is divided into different exploration spaces. There will be a small QR code and an explanation board in front of the special trees. Seats can be set up in the open space under some trees to form a small private space.

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EXPLORE VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA 2.3 Detail Design Proposal 1: Explore the garden and find the trees!

In the app we provided 3 basic level of trees and let the visitors to find them in the garden.the visitors are also encouraged to create their own path and mark it in the map.

Proposal 2: Adopt a tree We encouraged citizen in Cinisello to adopt a tree, to make this place both a historic garden and a eductional park, and also help Relieve pressure from lack of budget.

A mobile phone application was designed in order to better protect the historical and cultural value of the villa and increase cultural awareness, Through such a platform, people can more easily understand the historical story and cultural connotation of the Villa. And through the mode to discover the secrets of the plants in the villa, or customize your own tour route. People can also choose to adopt a tree in the villa on this platform, and become the supervisor of the villa to report condition of a tree or other maintenance problem at any time. Some cultural activities in the villa will also be posted on this platform to attract public participation.

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garden trees!

e provilevel of garden the vitrees! them in e visitors e proviouraged level of eir own the vik it in the them in e visitors ouraged eir own k it in the

e

“FIND THE TREE" CHALLENGE According to the distribution of historical trees in the villa, three levels of tour routes are designed. Visitors can explore the plants like a game. When they find all the trees in the level, they will make an accomplishment.

Or tourist could customize their own exploration route.

ged cisello to to make e h a hisand a ged ciark, and sello to eve presto make of budh a hisand a ark, and eve presof bud-

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ADOPT A TREE

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The residents of Cinisello are encouraged to be more involved in the management of the villa. They can choose to adopt a tree, a wounded tree or a rare tree. In this way, they will be one of the supervisor in the villa, or they can pay a fee to find professionals to look after their trees, thereby reducing the burden of the villa and increasing profits.

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EXPLORE VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA

Proposal WHAT'S 3: FUN Various activities, music festivals, art festivals and dance festivals are regularly held in the villa to celebrate the Enjoy Art

artistic spirit here. People can book tickets online through this application. In addition, there will be guided tours on astronomy and architectural topics from time to time to commemorate the aristocratic spirit and artistic achievements of Ercole Donado Silva. of the nobles who once lived in the villa, we also combination withSilva the and daily activities

In encou ties in the park of Ghirlanda-Silva, such as regular dance festivals. Citizens can also carry ou architecture. Let the historical value of the garden be displayed in an updated form.

Learn more about the app in this video:

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https://youtu.be/SjhRzTcTd3E

urage citizens to carry out cultural and artistic activiut science popularization activities in astronomy and

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STORYBOARD

The history is quite interesting.

Wo w, t h e r e i s a c o n c e r t t h i s weekend! I'll book a ticket!

Yeah! I find the right tree, let me see where is the next...

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The new playground is bigger than before and the equipments are safe and new, I don't need to worry my chidren would get hurt when playing!

Now more and more people are aware of the historical value of the villa and do some contribution.

Everyone could enjoy the fun here!

It's an honor for me to have my own tree in Villa Girlanda Silva, I will look after my tree myself.

Thank you for your trust.

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DESIGN

FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT

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03 DOWN BY THE LUGANO LAKE Landscape and Infrastructure Design Studio, Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Matteo Umberto Poli, Paolo Bozzuto,Marco Mancini Collaborator: Zhong Hongfei, Ding Xitong, Li Haopeng

INTRODUCTION Lugano, the largest town in the holiday region of Ticino, is not only Switzerland's third most important financial centre and a conference, banking and business centre, but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and sacred buildings. With Mediterranean flair, Lugano offers all the advantages of a world-class city, combined with the cachet of a small town.But because of financial crisis in 2008, Lugano went from being called “little Hong Kong” to “lake’s Cinderella” in the past 10 years, Lugano remains a very rich city, with very rich citizens, with a perfect scenography and anymore. Shops are closing, restaurants decaying, benefits are cancelled and meanwhile residents are asked to paid higher and higher taxes to compensate the 2014 1 billion debt the city had with banks.

In addition, the city suffers from traffic congestion and flooding.

The design aims to propose a strategy, funded on landscape and urban design with a strong view on mobility issues, to redefine the soul of Lugano, looking to quality tourism and to the redefinition of the “Lungolago” as catalyser for the future of the city.

Therefore, a passenger-vehicle separation system was designed to improve the traffic situation in Lugano, while specially designing the ground to deal with floods.

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LUGANO OVERVIEW

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POPULATION

EMPLOYMENT

ACCESSIBILITY

FLOODING

car bike bus/trolleybus walking from home walking train/metro

MORNING RUSH 54%

OVERLAND FLOW

EVENING RUSH 66%

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TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS ROAD CAPABILITY

ROAD NOISE Day

NON-VEHICLE HEATMAP Walking

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Night

Biking

waterside

ROAD INCIDENT

NEW MOBILITY

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PEOPLE-VEHICLE SEPARATION SYSTEM

SHARING

The 1.2-kilometer-long underground tunnel separates the traffic system and the pedestrian system to ensure the safety of pedestrians and better enjoy the lakeside scenery.

Establish a existing shar low-carbon t

Cultural space design centered on

Residents-oriented lakeshore design by creating a more ecological and interactive lakeshore space.

wate

infrastructure

pet park

soft bank

green space

unde

rgrou

emergen

cy exit

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nd pa rkin

g of LA C mu seum

G SLOW MOBILITY NETWORK

TOURISM SHUTTLE BUS AND SMART PARKING The clean energy tourist bus will be the only motor vehicle to drive on the pedestrian space by the lake, linking Lugano's attractions. And set up smart parking spots.

slow-moving system network based on the red bicycle parking spots in the city to promote travel.

n LAC museums and dynamic water activities.

erside platform

floating pier

Cultural space design centered on city hall and rainwater harvesting to deal with flood.

interactive design

rain garden

urban furniture

round

underg to the slope e/exit

tunnel

c

entran

m

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MASTERPLAN

emergency route emergency pathway parking lot underground parking

main route sub-route junction

train routine train station bicycle path bicycle stop

0

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100

200M

B A'

A B'

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grass pa

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with drainage

avement

(model right) (model left)

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MODEL

PANORAMA

CITY HALL SQUARE

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CITY HAL

LL SQUARE DETAIL

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INDEX

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

See the complete https://youtu.b

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N AROUND THE LAKE SHORE

video follow this link: .be/5znJYo0PLdU

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OTHER WORK

FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT

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04 CHARGING BOT IDEA League Summer SchooL, RWTH Aachen University Collaborator: Tegethoff Alexander, Ravindra Nithin, Amer Abdelhakim,Shatilov Kirill

INTRODUCTION What expectations can we have of mobility in 2030?

In 2030 we can expect the cars to reach level 4 of automation i.e., we can expect cars to communicate with each other and move autonomously on highways with no driver input.

Stationary charging systems are not everywhere in the highway but are available in some cities.

In 10 years time, we can expect batteries to be lighter and smaller. They could produce energy of about 300 Wh/kg and 500 Wh/l.

But there are still many factors preventing the popularization of electric vehicles. This is the problem we want to solve. The answer we give is a mobile highway charging bot.

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DESIGN

POETIC LANDSCAPE

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05 THE ROAD NOT TAKEN Urban and Rural Open Spaces Network and Parks Design Studio Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Burgi Paul Luther, Longo Antonio Emilio Alvise Collaborator: Ding Xitong, Zhong Hongfeii

INTRODUCTION “Two roads diverged in a wood,and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference” -Robert Frost, The road not taken “Yet if you should forget me for a while And afterwards remember, do not grieve: For if the darkness and corruption leave A vestige of the thoughts that once I had, Better by far you should forget and smile Than that you should remember and be sad.”

--Christina Rosetti, Remember “Nuestras nadas poco difieren; es trivial y fortuita la circunstancia de que tú seas el lector de estos ejercicios, y yo su redactor."

--Jorge Borges, Fervor de Buenos Aires

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Four stories about the impo the island.There is a series o

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ortant time points of the island are converted into symbols of landscape design to convey emotions and tell the history and story of of footprints connecting all the stories, and finally our footprints appear here, and this island will also record our story.

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What a beautiful botanical garden look! do you notice the small icons on the ground! what are they?

STORYB A POETIC ADVEN BRISA AN UNKNOWN LOST ME

Here I find the same elements with what I saw in the time corridor

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What are they?

and go to the platform.

Ummm

BOARD NTURE IN ISOLA AGO N JOURNEY FOR EMORIES

In 1885, the Russian lady use boat to carry seeds to this island

footprint to see what happens!

hidden stories.

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DESIGN

POETIC LANDSCAPE

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06 TOUCHING MOMENT Built Environment and Lanscape Design Studio Politecnico di Milano Supervisor:Fontana Carlotta, Roberta Mastropirro, Irene Toselli Individual work

INTRODUCTION As a world cultural heritage, the vineyard landscape in Vignale Monferrato reflects the result of the interaction between people and land. This relationship is moving in itself, but in addition to being an UNESCO site, what does this place mean for local villagers and tourists? What is it’s identity?

For the locals, this is the place where they can’t be more familiar. This is the place where they and their ancestors have worked for generations. They dedicated their lives to the land. When they see the grape fields, they will be proud. They will expect a good harvest and then feel the joy of a bumper harvest, and they will have expectations for the coming year. When tourists see the natural scenery here, they will be surprised, moved, and will be deeply impressed by the uniqueness here.

The design site, a rural road, is a link that connects people with the land. Villagers pass through this road to work in the fields every day. Tourists pass this road to explore the culture here.

This road is the origin place of all feeling. The road is a place where people go to see, hear, smell and feel every touching moment.

The main purpose of this design is to improve the road space. From the four aspects of living space, viewing space, safety and boundaries, the road use experience is improved, so that people can better feel each touching moment when passing. Creating the idyll of Vignale Monferrato.

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STRATEGY

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VIEW 1

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VIEW 2

VIEW 3

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GINKGO BILOBA VIEWPOINT DESIGN

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RESEARCH

GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

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07 DESERTIFICATION SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT IN PUGLIA REGION Reseach internship, Politecnico di Miilano Supervisor: Mattia Previtali Individual work

INTRODUCTION Most of arid and semi-arid Mediterranean areas are affected by land degradation and desertification due to interaction of a set of natural (bio-physical) and anthropogenic factors having different temporal and spatial variability. Consideration of these factors requires careful selection of key-variables and indicators that should describe the current state of the system and highlight the degradation processes and related effects. It is of primary importance for identifying desertification risk areas and defining adequate mitigation measures. More than 1/5 of the Italian territory is at risk of desertification involving over 40% of the South. Critical areas, amounting to 9.1% of the country surface, are mainly localized in Sardegna, Sicilia, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria regions, where environmental conditions are more unfavorable and agriculture and grazing activities strongly affect the territory settings (L. Salvati,2013).

In the Puglia region, land degradation is caused by a series of complex processes, these processes can be attributed to overgrazing, climate variability, water erosion, vegetation degradation, soil degradation.

Therefore, the desertification issue has been an environmental concern within these years, solutions should be found to reduce the vulnerability risk. Typical examples of such an approach are models developed within the frame of MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) project funded by the European Commission.

In Southern Italy, the MEDALUS approach was applied in Puglia region, The desertification risk areas are identified on the basis of an index (Environmental Sensitive Areas to Desertification index, ESAI) which integrates bio-physical data on environmental quality (climate, soil and vegetation) with management (anthropogenic) factors.

A new methodology is presented which integrates GIS with environmental models to simulate land degradation processes and to provide a comprehensive index (Integrated Desertification Index, IDI) of desertification. After an extensive analysis of both the conditions and the evolution of natural features in the study area, through spatial data investigation, a suite of appropriate indicators of land degradation have been identified on the basis of their applicability and sensitivity to environmental processes. The following five indicators were considered: overgrazing pressure, drought pressure, water erosion, vegetation condition and soil salinity.

This research will study on the five indicator models of the IDI model, and finally synthesize a map of land desertification through the ESAI model method, and compare it with the official ESAI map, to see the difference between the prediction with different indicators.

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WORKFLOW

The municipalities boundary and area

C

Data Preparation

Data Collection

table join

Climate data in Puglia

shp file from geopartale Puglia precipitation /average daily temperature /day length /number of days in the month /12 monthly mean temperature

Climate station Location coordinate table from climate website

ordinary kriging raster calculator

Po

calculated in Excel

Monthly precipitation data in the past 20 years table from climate website

Monthly temperature data in the past 20 years table from climate website

Number of livestock at municipality level

Spatialized livestock data in Puglia

table join

calculate in attribute table

total surface area /numbers of livestock

table from ISTAT

Blue

S Weight and coefficient of a fully grown unit

V

statistic from website

Different band of the satellite image Sentinel 2 image of Puglia region satellite image from Copernicus Open Access Hub

Official RUSLE model raster file from ESDAC Dataset

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raster calculator subset in SNAP

Blue Band/Green Band /Red Band/Near InfraRed SWIR1/SWIR2

reclassify

Calculation of Model

Criteria Table

Classification

Spatial Interpolation precipitation/temperature/day length

Reclassified score

<-2 -2 - -1 -1 - 1 1 - 2 >2

reclassify

otentential Evapotranspiration(PET)

1 2 3 4 5

Drought Index Classification

Reconnaissance drought index (RDI) reclassify

1 2 3 4 5

Reclassified score

<-0.51 -0.51- -0.41 -0.41- -0.30 -0.30- -0.14 >-0.14

MSAVI reclassify

5 4 3 2 1

band/Red Band/SWIR1/SWIR2/NIR band

Slope between Albedo and MSAVI

Classification

Vegetation Index(Albedo-MSAVI)

Salinity Index(SI) Blue Band/Red Band

(Integrated Desertification Index, IDI)

Reclassified score

0-0.2 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 >0.8

Classification

Overgrazing Index(CAIA )

Albedo

IDI MODEL

Compare with the official ESAI model

Thornthwaite equation (1948)

Red Band/NIR band

Result

reclassify

0-0.2 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 >0.8

The area most affected by overgrazing is the middle part of Puglia region, in Bari and Taranto provinces

The most desertified area is the coastal area of Foggia province according to drought index

The most vulnerable area are the mountainous area in Foggia province which leads to a high desertification possibility according to Rusle model

Reclassified score 1 2 3 4 5

The vegetation condition in Foggia province is relatively bad and also in some area in the Brindisi and Lecce province

Salinity Index1(SI1) Green Band/Red Band

Salinity Index2(SI2) Green Band/Red Band/NIR band

Salinity Index3(SI3) Green Band/NIR band

Classification <0.075 0.075-0.15 0.15-0.225 0.225-0.3 >0.3

Reclassified score 1 2 3 4 5

The most serious land salinization problem is also in the Foggia province and some coastal areas

1 means no desertification and 5 means severe desertification 83

Result of the Reconnaissance drought index (RDI)

Result of the CAIA model

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

(PET in a year, the darkest color means the highest evapotranspiration) The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) can be characterized as a general meteorological index for drought assessment. The RDI can be expressed in three forms: the initial value ak, the normalized RDI (RDIn), and the standardized RDI (RDIst) The initial value (ak) is presented in an aggregated form using a monthly time step and may be calculated on monthly, seasonal or annual basis. The ak, for the year i and a time basis k (months) is calculated as Equation:

where Pij and PETij are the precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration of month j of year i and N is the total number of years of the available data. To calculate the PET, the Thornthwaite equation (1948) is used:

Where: Td is the average daily temperature (degrees Celsius; if this is negative, use 0) of the month being calculated; N is the number of days in the month being calculated; L is the average day length(hours) of the month being calculated;

I is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperature Tmi 84

Overgrazing is one of the main factors of la Mediterranean region. In Puglia, an excessi lands by compacting the soil and reducing t lead to decreased soil structure and stability. land degradation as a function of grazing in territory. Any effect relating to the grazing pr 20 sub-coefficients, measuring: animal (bov consumption and trampling on soil, animal p productive level) and grazing management be calculated as:

where X is the weight of a fully grown unit; n territory; b is a matrix of the twenty sub-coef Ha).The sum of these sub-coefficients identifi a weighing factor for the live weight X of the species present in a territory with surface are

and degradation observed in the ive livestock pressure affects the the vegetation cover, both of which y. The model CAIA formulates the ntensity and land carrying capacity. ressure can be evaluated from vine, ovine and sheep) vegetation productivity (low, medium or high (extensive or intensive). CAIA could

Result of the RUSLE model

The RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; Renard, Foster, Weesies, McCool, & Yoder, 1997) was chosen because it is widely used and scientifically sound, as applied and verified for different landscape scenarios, even in very complex topographies. In this model, each variable influencing erosion is associated to an index representing the effect of the variable on erosion according to the magnitude of the specific index. RUSLE is expressed as follows:

A=R*K*LS*C*P Where A is the computed soil loss per unit area, R is the rainfall-runoff factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, LS (unitless) is the slope length/steepness factor, C (unitless) is the soil cover and management factor and P (unitless) is the support practice factor, accounting for the management of protection of soil against erosion.

n is the number of the unit on the fficients; S is the total surface area (in ies the b coefficient which represents e Fully-Grown Unit (FGU) of a given ea S.

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SI

Salinity is one of the most important factors affecting soil degradation and desertification is caused by natural or human-induced processes. Sentinel 2 satellite images are used to calculate the index, 4 salinity index according to different band are chosen to calculate the final salinity map, they are: salinity index(SI), salinity index 1(SI1), salinity index 2(SI2), salinity index 3(SI3).

SI1

The equation for SI is:

The equation for SI1 is:

SI2

The equation for SI2 is:

The equation for SI3 is:

SI3

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The comprehensive salinity equation is:

MSAVI

The Puglia region is heavily affected by climate change and has a large diversity of vegetation cover across various regions and seasons. Within this arid region, it is difficult to distinguish desertified land from other land cover types using low-quality vegetation information. research shows that the Albedo-MSAVI model is suitable for assessment of areas with relatively low vegetation cover. The formula for MSAVI is as follows:

where NIR is near infrared band and RED is red band.

Albedo

The formula for albedo of sentinel 2 image is as follows:

According to the research conclusions made by Verstraete and Pinty in 1996, different desertification lands can be effectively separated by dividing the Albedo-MSAVI feature space in the vertical direction into changing trends of desertification. In addition, the location of the vertical direction in Albedo-MSAVI feature space can be well fitted by a simple binary linear polynomial expression as follows: DDI = K × MSAVI – Albedo (The darker the color, the more serious the degree of desertification )

where “DDI” was the desertification divided index and K was determined by the slope of the straight line fitted in the feature space.

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This study presented a methodology for evaluating land sensitivity to desertification in the Puglia region using a method combines the ESAI model and the IDI model. Using the sub-models of the IDI model and applied into the ESAI model to work on the final solution, in this way, a comparison between the different indicators could be seen on the final results. As for each sub-models, we can summarize some key land desertification areas and main influencing factors. The distribution map of CAIA model shows the most sensitive area is the middle part of Puglia region, in Bari and Taranto provinces, this is because the cattle-farming in these two provinces have too much pressure on the land. The drought index shows a completely different situation of desertification, the most desertified area is the coastal area of Foggia province. The RUSLE model indicates the most vulnerable area are the mountainous area in Foggia province which leads to a high desertification possibility. The albedo-MSAVI model indicates that the vegetation condition in Foggia province is relatively bad and also in some area in the Brindisi and Lecce province. The most serious land salinization problem is also in the Foggia province and some coastal areas.

Here is the comparison of the calculated final desertification map and the official ESAI map, the biggest difference is in the middle part of Puglia region, mainly in Bari province, according to the drought index, this area is extremely wet, so the vulnerability of desertification is relatively low. Some similarities can also be seen between the two maps. Both maps in the northern mountainous areas in the Foggia province show a strong trend of land desertification. It can be inferred that the main reason for the desertification of land is due to water erosion.

REFERENCE: [1] Dongwoo Jang. 2018. Assessment of Meteorological Drought Indices in Korea Using RCP 8.5 Scenario [2] EC-European Commission. 1999. The Medalus Project: Mediterranean desertification and land use: manual on key indicators of desertification and mapping environmentally sensitive areas to desertification. Directorate-General Science, Research and Development.

[3] Chang, S.; Wu, B.; Yan, N.; Davdai, B.; Nasanbat, E. Suitability assessment of satellite-derived drought indices for Mongolian grassland. J. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 650.

[4] Haishuo Wei, Juanle Wang, Kai Cheng, Ge Li, Altansukh Ochir, Davaadorj Davaasuren, and Sonomdagva Chonokhuu. 2018.

Desertification Information Extraction Based on Feature Space Combinations on the Mongolian Plateau [5] L. Salvati, M. Zitti, T. Ceccarelli, L. Perini. Developing a Synthetic Index of Land Vulnerability to Drought and Desertification, Journal of Geographical Research, Vol. 47, No. 3, 280–291, 2009 [6] L. Salvati, D. Angelis, s. Bajocco, A. Ferrara, m. Barone. Desertification Risk Long-Term Land- Use Changes and Environmental Resilience (Case Study in Basilicata, Italy), Journal of Scottish Geographical, Vol. 129, No. 2, 85–99, 2013.

[7] M. Pashaei, A. Rashki, Adel Sepehr. An Integrated Desertification Vulnerability Index for Khorasan-Razavi, Iran. Natural Resources and Conservation 5(3): 44-55, 2017 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/nrc.2017.050302 [8] Monia Santini, Gabriele Caccamo, Alberto Laurenti, Sergio Noce, Riccardo Valentini. A multi-component GIS framework for desertification risk assessment by an integrated index. Applied Geography 30 (2010) 394–415 [9] Lifen Xu, Xuegong Xu, Xiangwei Meng. Risk assessment of soil erosion in different rainfall scenarios by RUSLE model coupledwith Information Diffusion Model: A case study of Bohai Rim, China. Catena 100 (2012) 74–82 [10] Silvia Vaninoa, Pasquale Ninoa, Carlo De Micheleb, Salvatore Falanga Bolognesib, Guido D'Ursoc,Claudia Di Bened, Bruno Pennellid, Francesco Vuoloe, Roberta Farinad, Giuseppe Pulighea,Rosario Napolid. Capability of Sentinel-2 data for estimating maximum evapotranspirationand irrigation requirements for tomato crop in Central Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment 215 (2018) 452–470 [11] https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/themes/rusle2015 [12] https://docplayer.it/53524086-Suolo-pascolo-e-qualita-dei-prodotti-zootecnici.html

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PHOTOGRAPHY

THE MOON

There is such solitude in that gold.

The moon of these nights is not the moon The first Adam saw. Long centuries Of human vigil have filled her with An old lament. See. She is your mirror.

--J.L Borges, The Moon

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Supermoon April 7,2020

Moon in the garden

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PHOTOGRAPHY

ONE AND INFINITY

I will travel farther than the shipmates of Ulysses to the place of dreams, far past the reach of human memory.

--J.L Borges, The Dream

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DRAWINGS

PORTRAYAL OF IDYLL

My country, I have sensed you in the tumbledown Decadence of the widespread suburbs, And in that thistledown that the pampas wind Blows into the entrance hall, and in the patient rain, And in the slow coursing of the stars, And in the hand that tunes a guitar, And in the gravitation of the plain ...

You are more than your wide territory And more than the days of your unmeasured time, You are more than the unimaginable sum Of your children after you. We do not know What you are for God in the living Heart of the eternal archetypes, But by this imperfectly glimpsed visage We live and die and have our being â&#x20AC;&#x201D; O never-from-me and mystery-my-country.

--J.L Borges, Ode composed in 1960

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"Si el espacio es infinito estamos en cualquier punto del espacio.

Si el tiempo es infinito estamos en cualquier punto del tiempo".

-- Jorge Luis Borges

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