GXN Yearbook

Year Book 2012

BUILDING INNOVATION Green Design Strategies

Year Book 2012

BUILDING INNOVATION Green Design Strategies

CONTENT ABOUT GXN

4

The Innovation unit at 3XN Architects

Green design 9 Integration of new materials and green technologies

Informed design 22 Development of digital tools that can inform architectural design

Behavior design 30 Good architecture can have a positive effect on human behaviour

Technology design 36 Successful innovation is about much more than form and function

Experimental design 44 Breaking boundaries through use of experimentation

Architecture with a purpose Interview on Cradle to Cradle Design and the Green Solution House

54

“GXN is the Innovation Unit of 3XN and was founded in 2007. The ‘G’ stands for Green, highlighting GXNs dedication to ecological design research through digital processes and innovative material solutions”.

Kasper Guldager Jørgensen Architect, GXN

ABOUT GXN The mission for GXN is to collect and apply the latest knowledge on materials and new technologies in the studio’s architecture. The core goal is to develop a building culture that positively affects the world in which we live, both architecturally and ecologically.

PROJECT DESIGN

COMPETITIONS

INNOVATION

5

ABOUT GXN

GXN is composed of a multidisciplinary team consisting of architects, designers, scientists, engineers and psychologists from around the world. The department operates on the basis of ongoing research and development projects - approximately half of which are on behalf of the 3XN studio and half are independent GXN projects.

GXN uses two primary methods to collect and apply the latest knowledge on building innovation to architecture:

Network-based innovation Innovation often arises from mixing and merging expertise and experience from different knowledge fields.

GXN has developed partnerships with leading experts across various industries for investigation in material research, data analysis, biology and digitization.

The role of GXN goes beyond core research. We identify and activate existing knowledge from relevant manufacturers and educational institutions; and then implement and develop this knowledge in a wide range of projects. The constant goal is to improve our design process and the quality of our architecture.

Because of our wide range of interests, and rapid technological development, we prioritize the maintenance and development of our strong professional networks.

New materials and digital technologies Using applications of building innovation technologies from several disciplines allows GXN to create custom solutions for unique architectural challenges.

One of our focus areas is Digitization. This is a process of making a digital representation of information of all kinds in all formats. In fact, it has given designers, engineers and architects new tools, design and production methods which point towards new solutions in design and architecture.

Another focus is natural science, where knowledge is developing rapidly. Within biology, chemistry and physics, it is now possible to custom design materials that meet very specific needs.

Through activation of our professional networks and by using new materials and digital technologies, GXN pushes the limit of research, design and commercial application in the quest for Better Buildings and Better Environments for People.

Although the GXN department comprises a significant part of 3XN’s total number of employees, its size is rather small when one considers the breadth of our focus points, ranging from parametric tools to the integration of new materials and green technologies.

6

ABOUT GXN

ABOUT GXN

Some of our ongoing research and development projects are: Material World (6 mill. Dkk): An exhibition focusing on new building materials and material-based innovation in architecture. The exhibition will open at the end of March 2012 at the Danish Architecture Center.

Light and Energy (4.2 mill. Dkk): A development project in cooperation with the Danish National Building Research Institute. The project focuses on user-driven innovation and energy optimization.

Construction Manual (1.9 mill. Dkk): Development of national guidelines based on Cradle to Cradle principles to reduce energy consumption, increase biodiversity and take responsibility for the waste generated during the building process.

Architectural Psychology (1 mill. Dkk): A research project in collaboration with an architecture psychologist investigating human behaviour in buildings.

BioBuild (32.5 mill. Dkk): Development of new building systems in biocomposites. In a wider European cooperation GXN contributes with knowledge and experience in the development of biocomposites in construction.

Urban Green (1.5 mill. Dkk): New green roofs and walls. The development project is based on natural Danish habitats and their naturally occurring wild plants and rare endangered species. The goal is that they can function as biological corridors.

Informed Design (1 mill. Dkk): Industrial PhD in collaboration with the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture - investigating customised parametric design tools with special focus on light and energy as a design parameter at the initial design phase.

Cradle to Cradle Pavilion (4.2 mill. Dkk): A portable pavilion designed for the separation of recyclable materials to the biological and technical cycles.

8

ABOUT GXN

9

“By using design as a solution tool and rethinking our way of working together, we can solve tomorrow’s green challenges in the fields of material design and energy consumption” Peter Feltendal Architect, GXN

1 GREEN DESIGN Green Design Strategy is the method that binds our design and architecture together. By thinking about our buildings and products in a lifecycle, not only taking into account the construction and operation, we assume a greater responsibility towards the built environment. Our focus is to take the negative aspects of a building, and turn them into a positive result. For example – creating buildings that produce more energy than they consume; specifying materials that either are or can be recycled and designing healthier indoor environments. We develop solutions that support nature and biodiversity, encouraging it to thrive.

1

GREEN DESIGN

Green School Stockholm

Project

Green School Stockholm The Green School concept introduces new ways of creating synergy between people of all ages, green learning and living environments; and a strong interaction with the surrounding city. In the Stockholm project seven kinds of green strategies are brought together: 1. Hydroponics is the process of growing plants in a liquid-based nutrient solution. It uses water as a growing medium and essential minerals to sustain plant growth.

2. Aeroponics is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium. Aeroponic culture differs from both conventional hydroponics and in-vitro growing in that it does not use a growing medium.

3. Algae Facade uses a process of photosynthesis that can then be used for biofuel. The system also acts as a natural filtration system; turning carbon dioxide and other air toxins into clean oxygen and turning gray water into usable filtered water.

4. Living Machine is a form of ecological wastewater treatment designed to mimic the cleansing functions of wetlands.

5. Vertical Farming method grows plants in trays of water moving on a conveyor belt. This system is perfect for non-arable lands, close to major markets or urban centers.

6. Rooftop gardens can be used for a variety of functions. On a micro-scale, it benefits the individual, allowing them to use the green space either aesthetically or productively. On a macro-scale, it benefits the building through its intelligent use of materials.

7. Using a system of modular plant boxes, this green wall transforms a simple facade into a piece of sustainable technology. This growing technology can be adapted for interior or exterior use. It uses an efficient irrigation system; providing liquid nutrients from the top and then letting gravity carry it downward.

12

Input - Gray Water Irrigation System Soil Aggraget Conc.

Pump Mechanical Filter Output - Filtered Water

Technical section of Living Machine.

GREEN DESIGN

Green School Stockholm

1

Eksterior view of Green School Stockholm

The Foyer

13

1

GREEN DESIGN

Green School Stockholm

Rooftop Gardens

Hanging Gardens

4

1

Green Growth Facade

Vertical Farming

5

2

Living Machine

Productive Greenhouse

6

3

Algae Facade

7

Vegetation Soil substrate Cloth filter Drain tray Rigid isolation Water reservoir mat Root-protection foil

Light vegetation System depth 120mm

Lawn and vegetation System depth 300mm

Examples of different types of green roofs.

14

Garden & small trees System depth 500mm

Technical section of a green roof.

GREEN DESIGN

Green School Stockholm

1

Interior view of Green School Stockholm

Celing strip mount Retractable wire system Growing medium Cloth fabric Styrofoam Solution chamber PVC Gutter Mist nozzle Pressure hose w. nutrient solution

Technical section of Aerophonics.

15

1

GREEN DESIGN

Cradle to Cradle Pavillon

Project

Cradle to Cradle Pavillon Integrated design has been a key issue throughout the design process.

The core values of the building can be summarized into the following five areas: knowledge, renewable energy, good indoor air quality, healthy materials and removable design.

The concept of waste does not occur in nature. Everything exists in a closed circuit where the system does not use more energy than can actually be created through nature’s own resources. Materials can be broken down, recycled and without polluting air or water.

The same principles will be applicable in the Cradle to Cradle Pavilion. The building will actually generate the power it requires to operate (and even more). This is achieved through an energy optimised design where building form and energy efficient installation concepts are combined with and integrated energy production.

The energy requirements of the building are estimated to be approximately 40 kWh / m² per year (75 kWh / m² per year primary energy). Around 45 m² of monocrystalline solar cells are integrated on the sky light cassettes, which

View of the north facing roof openings.

16

are oriented and angled to achieve a high energy efficiency. The integrated solar cells are designed to cover the entire building’s energy needs throughout the years.

In addition, an electrical powered heat pump will be installed for heating and cooling. This produces heat energy equivalent to at least 3 times the electrical energy it consumes, and the cooling energy produced corresponds to at least 2 times the energy it uses for cooling.

In later phases we expect to incorporate and test other energy producing technologies like capturing kinetic energy from the visitors and wind energy.

GXN, architects and circuit design COWI engineers and circuit design EPEA Kopenhagen, material evaluation

GREEN DESIGN

Cradle to Cradle Pavillon

Collective Power Supply

1

TECHNICS Green wall

Electrical Cars Batteries as a buffer for comsumption

Power Control Intelligent

Heat Pump For electrical heating and cooling

Solar Cells 30˚ incline to the South

Water as basis

Heat regeneration of disposed air Heat is regeneratied and used in a thermo-active construction

Full ventilation every hour

Seated meetings

ovenlys m. afkaståbninger

Active meetings and workshops

solcellepanel

Rain water collection

Ventilation Natural

ovenlys m. afkaståbninger

Buffer zone Pre-heating air for meeting box

Mechanical Ventilation Back up

Thermoactive Deck High temperature cooling and low temperature heating

solcellepanel

begrønnet væg teknik

siddenicher

møderum

gang

pumpe

vandreservoir / termisk lager / fundament

begrønnet væg

facade med aerogel

Section of Cradle to Cradle Pavillon.

17

1

GREEN DESIGN

Urban Green

Project

Urban Green GXN, along with the Urban Green consortium have received funding to develop new habitats and ecosystems aimed at green buildings. With support from the Danish Ministry of Agriculture, GXN is developing new green roofs and facades.

Besides bringing nature back into urban areas, the aim is to improve air quality and water treatment through highlighting the seasons, promoting the natural plant and wildlife and increased biodiversity.

The development project is based on six different Danish habitats, their native wild plants and rare redlist species.

Since habitats are small ecosystems, they will attract insects and small animals natural to the habitat. The aim is for buildings that can also serve as biological corridors, which encourage the spread of animals as well as plants.

GXNs expertise in materials will ensure that they are used to the fullest extent possible, are biodegradable and follow the Cradle to CradleÂŽ concept.

The habitat’s cornerstone is the selection, breeding and production of wild plants from natural habitats.

This task will is done by the nursery 3kanten A / S in cooperation with Nissen Consult.

The project will be completed by summer 2012. During the development process leading experts in engineering, system architecture and design of growth media will be included.

Development work is to be done by interdisciplinary teams of biologists, ornithologists, entomologists, chemists, roofers, landscape gardeners, engineers, builders and contractors.

GXN, Concept Development and Design Gartneriet 3-kanten, Sprouting Tests and Improvement Nissen Consult, Biology and Biotope Preservation

18

EVELSER MÆRKER

18 GRØNNE OPLEVELSER OG PEJLEMÆRKER

er på nøgleordene for det gode grønne række principper, der skal sikre en ng til planlægningsprocessen og udaren grønne byrumsplan i erhvervsområrådet.

Va^iZi d\ hVbbZc]²c\ d\ bZYVchkVg ÓZ`h^W^a^iZi d\ YncVb^`Ç

4 KM

4 KM

- Uddrag af Aarhus Kommunes ”Grøm Byrumsplan I Skejby” 06/07-2011

er sanglærken og slår sine edets ro og uendelighed ogfine lægger dig mningsmættede ro gennembrydes en varme jord i mos og rensdyrlav. ugl. Tårnfalken står først stille i nhurtig lanter: ned og griber sit byttedyr markfirben blev dens bytte. Plettet ndstar; Almindelig kattefod: Alm. revling; Smalbladet høgeurt; Alm. ter: vlesbid; Gul snerre; Hedelyng; Hedemelks; Guldblomme; Alm. løvefod; Alm. åtop øgeurt yreliv: iv: nskade; Hjejle; Almindelig blåfugl; Brun ande; Sortåret hvidvinge perlemorsommerfugl.

efteråret, før bladene landfalder gOm beskytter mod fordampning.

Læg k, hører til blandt ver healende, lys og gennemsigtig, ns, varme sand,kan lyt du til havens Musiske Haver.

De som evindelige ingen andre ved gantareller, og bølgendes slag mod nppet krydrede duft”enkelthedens at algerne, der danser om e i vandkanten, krydre dine næsebor yret aflæber. et ganske simpelt ter: på dine urt (rl); Alm.umiddelbart engelsød; Skovmærke; og ikke er e; Skovsyre; Hvid anemone; Liljelanter: søgende - EnKratviol rumligSandhjælopleælg; Alm. bingelurt; m. strandkål; Dansk kokleare; Kruset skræppe; Alm. sodaurt; Strandtil kultur.

iv: tedmoderblomst; Alm. hestetunge; edpande nd; Strandfladbælg.

K

e felter på marker. Hvis tbredden på landbrugssamme areal ud som en e og cyklister få sig en æ for strid vind, og slanw-case, og et stykke land

GREEN DESIGN

D.] STRANDENG

D.] STRANDENG

Allerede i bronzealderen blev de mest magre, stenede jorde udvalgt som græsningsarealer eller overdrev. De lå ofte hen, som de havde ligget siden istiden. På overdrevene græssede kreaturer generationer efter generationer. Tiderne formede sammen med afgræsning, jordbundstype og klimatiske forhold den biotop, vi kalder overdrev.

I dag er der kun få overdrev tilbage. De består af lavt voksende, græsdomineret vegetation oftest på tør bund som f.eks. skrænter og bakker.

Jorden er gruset, sandet og næringsfattig. De vilde

planter karakteristiske for overdrevet har tilpasset sig disse helt specielle vækstforhold, tørt og næringsfattigt. Her er mange græsser som f.eks. vellugtende guldaks, der dufter at kumarin, hvis du knuser planten mellem dine fingre.

Også timianen dufter stærk og krydret i den sitrende sommervarme. Kun hjertegræssets små blomsterhjerter bevæger sig let.

De blomstrende planter tiltrækker farvestrålende sommerfugle. Små, okkergule sværme af den lille sommerfugl stregbredpande danner en fin farvekontrast til de blåviolette blomster på blåhat. Over hele

1

5 KM

5 KM

BIOTOP C.] OVERDREV

Urban Green

3 KM

02.] FRO

3 KM

herligheden hænger sanglærken og slår sine fine triller. Stedets stemningsmættede ro gennembrydes af suset af en rovfugl. Tårnfalken står først stille i luften, men slår lynhurtig ned og griber sit byttedyr med fødderne. Et markfirben blev dens bytte.

HVAD NU HVIS... M DRIVING RANGE I SKYDE GOLFBOLD

2 KM

Eksempler på planter: Vellugtende guldaks; Guldblomme; Alm. løvefod; Alm. draphavre; Håret høgeurt

2 KM

B.] HEDE

Eksempler på dyreliv: Apollo; Stregbredpande; Sortåret hvidvinge

B.] HEDE

C.] OVERDREV

C.] OVERDREV

6 KM

6 KM

1 KM

1 KM

SHORTCUT: 5 KM RUTE

SHORTCUT: 5 KM RUTE

E.] STRAND

NATLØB BIOTOP F.] SKOV 07.] OPLYST LØBESTI Omat efteråret, bladene falder anemone skovbunden som etTænk hvidt tæppe hvis– duften det var eftertænksomhed. trygt og sjovt løbeføri mørket HVAD NU HVIS... MAN I VINTERHALVÅRET og skoven igen bliver lys og gennemsigtig, kan du af dem og af mulden er duften af skov. var interaktiv oplyst? Nedenfor ses plukke dineog tragtkantareller, som ingen andre ved andre af skovbundensfordi planter stien blomstrer IKKE VAR NØDT TIL AT DROPPEMange LØBETUREN hvor findes. tidligt for at udnytte sollyset, der fra løvspring til i København, Søndermarken hvor man kan starte opfanges at millioner af udsprungne blade og UDE I NATUREN PGA. MØRKE? løvfald enigennem. interaktiv harefunktion.

Der vælges hastighed, Eksempler på planter: kun lader få solstråler passere

I dette naturlige - eller menneskeskabte plantesamfund dominerer træerne, som udgør ”det grønne tag”.

Træernes sammensætning er af afgørende betydning for hvilke planter, du kan finde på skovbunden.

Fugtig, dyb og muldrig er skovbunden på grund af de nedbrudte blade og andet organisk materiale. Der foregår en heftig nedbrydningsaktivitet i muldlaget af regnorme, insekter og svampe - næringsstoffernes cyklus er kort.

Skovbundens planter er nogle af de første, der blomstrer om foråret. Allerede i april dækker den hvide

E.] STRAND

URBANT LANDBRUG

KINETIK

HVAD NU HVIS... MAN KUNNE GÅ EN TUR UNDER ET TAG AF JORDBÆR I FROKOSTPAUSEN?

lampen blinker tre gange i farven, tilknyttet hastig-

- Hvidplettet lungeurt (rl); Alm. engelsød; Skovmærke; Skovløg; Mosebunke; Skovsyre; Hvid anemone; LiljeSkovsyren har hvidlige kronblade med lilla årer. Nyd heden, blade og harelyset vandrer så fra til pullert. konval; Skovfladbælg; Alm.pullert bingelurt; Kratviol dens syrlige, kløverformede lysegrønne på din mad året rundt.

Der lyser den på skift i hver pullert, og så gælder det Eksempler på dyreliv: Selv om gøgen kukker overstadig i maj, maner skobare om, at følge lyset ogStor holde trit med haren.

Sort apollo; bredpande ven med dens stilhed og skygge til ro, fordybelse og

GR START /SLUT

A.] ENG 13.] VINDFANGERE

10.] JORDBÆRHIMMEL 7 KM

Agro Food Park kunne sprede deres forsøg med Urban Farming ud i området til glæde for områdets brugere - det kunne være frugtordningen var en selvplukkerordning i samarbejde med de producerende

F.] SKOV

HVAD NU HVIS... MAN KUNNE SE OG HØRE NÆR DET BLÆSTE? 9 KM

7 KM 0 KM /10 KM

16.] .]LOO 03

Danmark er et dejligt forblæst lille land, og vindmøllerne er ikke de eneste til at vise og høste den energi. Store skulpturer, som de kinetiske smalle stave nedenfor kan opstilles for at vise alternative måder at bruge vinden på, og vindskulpturer kan spille vindens musik for de forbipasserende, som forstår at vinden er en del af den grønne strategi.

HVAD HVIS..E HVAD NUNU HVIS...

BYRUMSTYPE OMRÅDET BRAGTE - HVOR PLANTE REGNVAND TIL BA LODRETTE MUR

Mange af spillerne i området, har i dag badefaciliteter i forvejen. Fine udendørscentre kan aktivere uderummet og give brugerne lys og luft i pauserne, og i perioder hvor de ikke er i brug, kan de stå som rumlige skulpturer i det ofte flade landskab. Skejby Sygehus ville kunne benytte stedet som et fint alternativ til al den indendørs genoptræning.

HVAD NU HVIS..

PLANTER OG DY

F.] SKOV 8 KM

8 KM

KORT OVER UDVIKLINGSOMRÅDET I SKEJBY; MÅL KORT 1:5000; OVER UDVIKLINGSOMRÅDET N I SKEJBY; MÅL 1:5000; N 08.] DUFTENDE AFTENRUTE HVAD NU HVIS... MAN VED AFTENTIDE KUNNE GÅ, LØBE OG CYKLE LANGS EN RUTE AF PLANTER DER NETOP ÅBNEDE SIG OG DUFTEDE I MØRKET?

SANSEN

09.] RØD LØBER

g på en helt universel esker er enige om at vaalle også at lavendlers dende fuldtonede duft er e til, og fordi den er så det i timevis. Farven er illa marker er stadig et

HVAD NU HVIS... BELÆGNINGEN I OMRÅDET LAGDE OP TIL AT HER MÅ DER LØBES, SPRINGES OG DYSTES?

Tuberose, Natlevkøj, Grandiflora, Vidunderblomst, Måneblomst og Aftenfloks, er de magiske navne der beskriver planterne nedenfor. Ens for dem er at de dufter og blomstrer i skumringen og om natten. Ved bevist at plante dem langs en rute, kan man vække duftesansen, på et tidspunkt hvor mørket gør at synssansen er hæmmet, og derved skabe et overraskende sted for alle Aarhus duft- og blomsterelskere

11.] GRÆSSENDE HUSDYR HVAD NU HVIS... GEDER OG FÅR GIK RUNDT SOM SMÅ ØKOLOGISKE GRÆSSLÅMASKINER FORAN DE SKINNENDE GLASFACADER?

Hos B&O i Struer, kan medarbejderne kigge ud på de græssende får - en overraskende kontrast til det store firmadomicil. Forskellige grupper af dyr kunne bringes ret tæt på bygningerne, og give en grøn mangfoldighed på stedet, til gavn for de ansatte og måske også for den der normalt slår græsplænerne.

Måske en lokal bonde kan sælge sin fåre- og gedeost til kantinerne i området?

12.] VERTIKALT LANDBRUG På en 10 km løberute kunne man møde en fin gummibelægning der skiftede farve for hver kilometer man har løbet, gået eller cyklet. Området ville signalere at der var andet på spil, og samtidig kunne motionisterne let holde regnskab med hvor lang rute der er tilbagelagt. Rød, magenta, lyng, lilla, blå, cyan, turkis, grøn, gul orange - hvor København har søerne til at tælle kilometer, har Aarhus regnbuen.

HVAD NU HVIS... STORE DRIVHUSE LEVEREDE SALATER OG KRYDDERURTER TIL VIRKSOMHEDERNES KANTINER?

Afgrøder dyrket i højden i vand og mineraler istedet for jord - hydroponics - giver et udbytte på ca. 20 gange så meget pr. hektar. Samtidig bringes produktionen ind til byen hvor forbrugerne er, og transporten minimeres. Drivhusene står smukt og lyser ved aftentide, og gør området mere trygt at færdes i.

14.] MUSCLE BEACH HVAD NU HVIS... UDENDØRDS FITNESS CENTRE AKTIVEREDE OMRÅDET TIL GAVN FOR VIRKSOMHEDER, UDDANNELSER OG SYGEHUSETS BRUGERE?

17.] GR

18.] LØ

15.] CYKELMANGFOLDIGHED HVAD NU HVIS... EN FIN GRØN CYKELRUTE GAV DE MANGE CYKLISTER TIL SKEJBY MULIGHED FOR AT SLIPPE FOR AT KØRE SAMMEN MED ALLE BILERNE?

En god analyse af fremtidige cyklister mod det nye sygehus kunne kortlægge hvor cyklisterne kommer fra og dermed tilbyde dem en skøn grøn rute til deres destination. Måske var cykelrelaterede sportspladser til BMX og mountainbike tilknyttet ruten, og der blev lagt særlig vægt på tiltag der kunne fremme cyklismen. Luftpumbestationer, cykelvaskepladser og gode parkeringsforhold understøtter dette.

HVAD NU HVIS...

ENERGI VED AT TRÆER FORAN

Urban Green brugt i landskabs design.

19

1

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Cradle 2 Cradle® - building instructions

Project

Cradle 2 Cradle - building manual New buildings do not need to harm the environment. In fact, they can contribute positively if designed with the right principles.

New buildings do not need to harm the environment.

In fact, they can contribute positively if designed with the right principles.

This is the philosophy of CradletoCradle® which 3XN in collaboration with Cradle to Cradle Denmark is developing a Danish building instruction manual on how to use these principles. The project is supported

by Realdania with 1.5 million dk.kr.

“The idea behind Cradle to Cradle is revolutionary in its simplicity! Up until now, architects and engineers have had difficulties in implementing these principles in practice without guidance and examples of solutions. Together with Cradle to Cradle Denmark, we will show concrete examples of how to achieve Cradle to Cradle in practice”, explains Kasper GuldagerJørgensen, Head of GXN. CradletoCradle ® is known internationally and has recently also attracted great interest among many players in the Danish construction industry. Several private companies and public institutions have already had a good start in implementing Cradle to Cradle® principles. However, there are as of yet, no concrete instructions on how to build on the principles in Denmark.

‘Our approach is to focus on a number of new areas that are vital to our health and the planet’s health.

We do this using four principles - to create safe circuits; use green energy, enhance biodiversity and use healthy materials,’ adds Kasper Guldager Jorgensen.

The building manual is expected to be ready for publication at the end of 2012 and will be presented at a conference at the Danish Architecture Center.

GXN, development and coauthors Cradle to Cradle Denmark, coauthors

20

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Cradle 2 Cradle® - building instructions

Produktion

Produktion

STÅL / GLAS Adskillelse

TECHNICAL CIRCUIT TEKNISK KREDSLØB

1

biokomposit Konstruktion Adskillelse

Brug

BIOLOGICAL CIRCUIT Biologisk Kredsløb

Konstruktion

Brug

INDUSTRY TECHNICAL CIRCUIT

Upgrading (upcycling)

Technical nutrients Sort

Product (service) Disassembly (design for disassemble)

Pollution-free separation of nutrients Product (hybrid)

Cycle for biological nutrients

Product (consumption) Composting of biodegradable materials

Biological nutrients

Biological Circuit Ecosystem

21

“90% of a building's form is decided in the first 10% of our design process. To inform our architecture we have developed a series of software that provides live feedback on daylight quality and environmental impact, right from the first early sketches�

Tore Banke

Parametric Designer, GXN

2 INFORMED DESIGN At GXN we see Informed Design as an opportunity to guide a building design for greater daylight comfort and improved energy performance early in the process. Using parametric software tools, we can optimize the building design taking into account a range of issues. We can follow sun patterns or see how weather considerations anywhere in the world affect our initial sketches.

This allows us to design for effective energy and daylight strategies and to successfully mitigate any potential design problems early on.

2

INFORMED DESIGN

Weather data - Customized solutions

Project

Weather data - Customized solutions At GXN we work with building projects at many different latitudes. The climate varies from place to place around the globe, which is important to take into consideration to fit a building to local conditions.

Equ

70,6º

Summer solsti ce

The relations between building design and local climate is directly linked to how much energy a building absorbs and gives off. It play a critical role for Sun Angles (section North - South) the overall comfort level and is a vital parameter for L o c a tio n : 1 9 .1 ° , 7 2 .8 ° how much energy is needed for cooling, heating and lighting.

94,3º

er

t in

W

inox

Besides adapting the design to the local context, we put an effort to fit the design to the need and 47,4º requirements of the individual client. Because of the ever changing project goals and geographical conditions there is no unilateral solution for good daylight design.

90°

ce

ti

ls so

75°

75°

60°

60°

45° 45° Therefore to achieve the best design results, we cus30° 30° tomize our own design tools. This means that we are 15 ° not limited15by predefined simulation programs and °

s

N

have an opportunity to work freely with the parameters that fit the current context, along with our users´ requirements and needs.

Each task requires a comprehensive collection of local weather data. We have the opportunity to gather information about wind, rain, solar radiation and cloud cover from more than 2500 locations around the world.

Informed Design is a method to adapt the design to local conditions and make qualified decisions at an early stage. This method allows us to design intelligent facade systems and build up unique building forms – The goal is to provide building solutions with better indoor climate and better energy performance than seen in more traditional design.

Geographic Data Prevailing Winds - Year Round

S te re o g ra p hic D ia g ra m L o c a tio n : 1 9 .1 ° , 7 2 .8 °

elative to south

W ind Fre q ue nc y (H rs

Location: MUMBAI, IND (19.1°, 72.8°)

1 5°

330°

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00

30°

345°

relative to south

30°

1 st S e p

7

16

15

14

80° 13 12

11

10

60°

300°

142 94

20 km/ h

<47 Prevailing direction

285°

75°

285°

10 km/ h

9 1 st Ap r 90°

E AS T

W EST

W EST

1 st M a r 1 st 2 5N5o° v

1 05° 1 st Fe b

1 st D e c

255°

1 05°

255°

1 st Ja n

240°

1 20°

225°

1 35°

21 0°

1 50°

240°

1 20°

225°

1 35°

21 0°

1 50° 1 95°

1 95°

1 80°

1 65°

Annual sun path diagram visualised for Mumbai, India

24

237

300°

270° 1 st O c t

relative to south

31 5°

284 189

1 7st5 °M a y

8

70°

17

331

45°

1 st Ju n

60°

18

379

31 5°

60°

50°

Location: MUMBAI, IND (19.1°

Date: 1st June - 31st August Time: 00:00 - 24:00

426

30 km/ h

40°

1 st Au g 285°

1 5°

474+

30° 300°

50 km/ h

hrs

40 km/ h

45°

20°

1 st Ju l

NOR T H

330°

1 0° 31 5°

Prevailing Wind

W ind Fre q ue nc y (H rs )

N

345°

1 65° SOU T H

Wind rose for Mumbai, India

240°

225°

INFORMED DESIGN

Weather data - Customized solutions

2

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity

Wind Speed

Total insolation

Diffuse insolation

Direct insolation

Visualisations of weather data from Copenhagen

World map showing annual solar insolation

25

2

INFORMED DESIGN

Facade design - light and energy

Project

Facade design – light and energy Daylight contains a large amount of energy and has an important influence on the thermal conditions in a building. Especially in geographic areas where there is big difference between the interior and exterior temperatures.

Overheating is a major problem especially in office buildings. This is due to the overall needs for large window area for lighting the workplaces. By shading direct light sources and instead using diffused skylights as a main light source, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of overheating.

artificial lighting, there are possibilities for large savings. Through proper use of daylight, lighting-related energy demand can be reduced by up to 25%.

By working with local solar conditions at an early stage in the process, there is potential for a better indoor climate and a lower energy bill.

The use of diffused daylight as a main light source can reduce the need for artificial lighting, which is expensive and contributes to heat generation. This can reduce the use of air conditioning and lower the energy bill. It is difficult to describe the exact savings, since it depends on the individual buildingspecific characteristics, operating conditions and the local climate.

København København

Research shows that energy for lighting, cooling and heating in buildings accounts for more than one third of the world's primary energy consumption.

By using natural daylight and minimizing the use of

Syd % Syd % 28,9090909 28,9090909 Ret Ret 47 47 47 47 33 33 33 København Syd % København Syd % 33 27 28,9090909 28,9090909 27 27 Facade Ret Facade Ret 27 27 47 47 27 27 47 47 27 27 33 33 27 27 33 33 27 20 27 27 20 27 27 Facade Trianguleret Trianguleret 27 27 Facade Trianguleret Trianguleret 60 27 27 60 33 27 27 33 33 27 27 33 20 20 27 27 20 Facade Trianguleret Trianguleret Facade Trianguleret Trianguleret 20 27 60 60 27 20 33 33 20 27 33 33 27 27 20 20 27 20 27 27 20 20 20 25,7727273 27 27 25,7727273 20 20 27 27 Beirut Syd % Syd % 27 27 Beirut Syd % Syd % 35,8636364 20 20 35,8636364 Facade Ret Facade Ret 58 25,7727273 25,7727273 58 50 50 50 50 42 Beirut Syd % Syd % % Beirut Syd Syd % 42 33 35,8636364 35,8636364 33 33 Facade Ret Facade Ret 33 33 58 58 33 33 50 50 33 25 50 50 25 17 42 42 17 17 33 33 17 33 33 Facade Trianguleret 33 33 Facade Trianguleret 100 33 33 100 25 25 33 17 17 33 17 17 25 25 8 Facade Trianguleret Facade Trianguleret 8 25 100 100 25 8 25 25 8 17 33 33 17 17 17 8 25 25 8 8 8 25,7272727 25 25 25,7272727 8 8 17 17 17 17 8 8 Facade Facade

Øst % Øst % 17,5227273 17,5227273

Nord % Nord % 53 53

47 47 33 33 27 27 20 Øst % Øst % 20 13 17,5227273 17,5227273 13 13 13 13 47 47 13 13 33 33 13 13 27 27 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 47 13 13 47 33 13 13 33 27 13 13 27 20 13 13 20 13 13 13 13 13 47 47 13 13 33 33 13 13 27 27 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 17,8181818 13 13 17,8181818 13 13 13 13 Øst % Øst % 13 13 Øst % Øst % 22,0454545 13 13 22,0454545

47 47 27 27 13 13 13 13 7 7 7 7 7 47 47 7 7 27 27 7 7 13 13 7 7 13 13 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 47 7 7 47 27 7 7 27 13 7 7 13 13 7 7 13 7 7 7 7 7 47 47 7 7 27 27 7 7 13 13 7 7 13 13 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

40 40 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 40 40 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 47 13 13 47 20 13 13 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 47 47 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

27 53 27 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 Nord % Nord % 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 27 27 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 33 40 20 53 20 53 33 40 40 20 53 20 53 40 40 20 53 20 53 40 20 53 20 53 20 47 20 47 20 53 20 53 20 40 33 33 20 40 20 53 40 40 20 53 20 40 20 40 20 47 53 53 20 47 40 20 47 47 20 40 20 53 20 53 45,1363636 20 40 20 45,1363636 40 20 53 20 53 20 40 20 40 Nord % 47 Nord % 20 20 Nord % Nord % 47 42 20 40 20 40 42

53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 60 53 53 60 40 53 53 40 53 53 40 53 53 40 47 47 40 40 40 60 60 40 40 40 47 53 53 47 53 40 40 53 40 47 47 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 47 47 53 53 40 40

27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Vest % Vest % 27 27 21,2272727 21,2272727 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 20 27 27 20 27 27 20 27 27 20 20 27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 27 20 27 20 20 27 20 20 27 20 20 27 20 20 16,1818182 20 20 16,1818182 20 20 27 27 Vest % 20 Vest % Vest % 20 Vest % 16,6590909 27 27 16,6590909

27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 20 20 13 13 20 20 13 20 20 13 13 20 20 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 20 20 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 27 20 13 20 20 13 13 20 20 13 13 20 20 13 13 20 20 13 20 20 20 20 20 13 13 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 20 20 7 13 13 7 7 13 13 7 13 13 7 13 13 7 13 13 20 20 7 7 7 7 13 13 7 7

40 40 33 33 27 27 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 40 40 13 13 33 33 13 13 27 27 13 13 20 20 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 33 13 13 33 27 13 13 27 20 13 13 20 20 13 13 20 7 7 7 7 13 33 33 13 7 27 27 7 13 20 20 13 7 20 20 7 7 7 7 7 13 13 7 7 13 13 7 7 7 7

58 58 50 50 50 50 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 58 58 33 33 50 50 33 33 50 50 33 25 33 33 25 17 33 33 17 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 25 25 42 17 17 42 25 25 25 25 25 33 33 25 25 33 33 25 25 25 8 42 42 8 17 25 25 17 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 8 8 17 17

50 17,8181818 17,8181818 50 42 42 33 33 25 Øst % Øst % % Øst Øst % 25 17 22,0454545 22,0454545 17 17 17 17 50 50 17 17 42 42 17 8 33 33 8 8 25 25 8 8 17 17 8 17 17 17 17 50 17 17 50 33 8 8 33 25 8 8 25 17 8 8 17 8 8 17 17 8 50 50 8 8 33 33 8 0 25 25 0 0 17 17 0 0 8 8 0 17 17 14,9090909 8 8 14,9090909 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 50 42 42 33 33 25 25 25 25 17 17 17 50 50 17 17 42 42 17 8 33 33 8 8 25 25 8 8 25 25 8 17 17 17 17 42 17 17 42 42 8 8 42 25 8 8 25 25 8 8 25 8 8 8 8 8 42 42 8 8 42 42 8 0 25 25 0 0 25 25 0 0 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 50 33 33 25 25 25 25 17 17 17 17 17 50 50 17 17 33 33 17 17 25 25 17 8 25 25 8 8 17 17 8 17 17 17 17 50 17 17 50 25 17 17 25 17 8 8 17 17 8 8 17 8 8 8 8 8 50 50 8 8 25 25 8 8 17 17 8 0 17 17 0 0 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 0 0 0

42 42 33 33 25 25 25 25 17 17 17 17 17 42 42 17 17 33 33 17 17 25 25 17 17 25 25 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 42 17 17 42 25 17 17 25 17 17 17 17 8 8 8 8 8 42 42 8 17 25 25 17 8 17 17 8 17 17 8 8 8 8 8 8 17 17 8 8 17 17 8 8

42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 58 42 42 58 0 42 42 0 25 42 42 25 0 42 42 0 8 8 0 0 0 58 58 0 0 0 17 25 25 17 50 0 0 50 0 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17 50 50 0 0

17 16,1818182 16,1818182 17 17 17 17 17 17 Vest % Vest % % 17 Vest Vest % 17 16,6590909 16,6590909 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17,75 17 17 17,75 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

17 17 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 17 17 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 17 8 8 17 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 17 17 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

33 33 25 25 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 8 33 33 8 0 25 25 0 0 17 17 0 0 17 17 0 0 17 17 0 17 17 8 8 33 0 0 33 25 0 0 25 25 0 0 25 25 0 0 25 17 17 25 25 8 33 33 8 0 25 25 0 8 25 25 8 0 25 25 0 8 17 17 8 25 25 8 8 0 0 8 8 0 0 8 8

50 50 42 42 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 50 50 33 25 42 42 25 17 33 33 17 8 33 33 8 8 33 33 8 33 33 33 33 50 25 25 50 42 17 17 42 33 8 8 33 33 8 8 33 33 33 33 33 33 50 50 33 33 42 42 33 17 33 33 17 8 33 33 8 8 33 33 8 33 33 33 33 33 33 17 17 8 8 8 8

42 45,1363636 45,1363636 42 42 42 42 42 42 Nord % Nord % % 42 Nord Nord % 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 0 42 42 0 0 42 42 0 0 42 42 0 42 42 0 0 42 42 0 0 42 0 0 42 0 0 8 42 42 8 0 0 42 42 13,2727273 0 0 13,2727273 42 42 0 0 8 8 0 0

Insolation data exported to Excel 25,7272727 25,7272727

26

Vest % Vest % 21,2272727 21,2272727

47 47 47 47 33 33 27 27 27 27 20 20 20 47 47 20 20 47 47 20 20 33 33 20 20 27 27 20 13 27 27 13 20 20 20 20 33 20 20 33 40 20 20 40 20 20 27 13 13 27 20 20 20 20 20 33 33 20 20 40 40 20 20 20 20 27 27 20 13 20 20 13 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 13 13

14,9090909 14,9090909

13,2727273 13,2727273

17,75 17,75

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

30,1647727 30,1647727

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

30,1647727 30,1647727

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

26,2272727 26,2272727

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

29,1420455 29,1420455

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

26,2272727 26,2272727

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

29,1420455 29,1420455

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

17,9147727 17,9147727

Gennemsnit i alt Gennemsnit i alt

17,9147727 17,9147727

INFORMED DESIGN

Facade design - light and energy

2

Solidere, Beirut, Lebanon.

Solar radiation visualised for facade geometry

The self shading effects of the geometry visualised

27

2

INFORMED DESIGN

Daylight - the many qualities

Project

Daylight - the many qualities People spend an average of 90% of their woken hours indoors. Architectural design is the major factor determining to which extent we are exposed to natural light.

International research shows that good daylight design has a positive effect in addition to energy savings. Studies show that the greater the distance a person is sitting from a window (thereby receiving less natural light), the higher the rate of sick days or absenteeism. In addition, we can see that the productivity levels are also lower. Similar studies have measured better results and less stress among students in classrooms with natural light, unlike students in windowless or poorly lit classrooms.

Whether a lighting design is comfortable or causes discomfort depends on the context in which it takes place and who the viewer is. At GXN we focus on customizing our lighting design to fit the specific needs of the individual clients.

It is impossible to define a daylight design that fits all situations. Different tasks require different light.

In an office environment people mostly work with two-dimensional media, such as computer screens and documents requiring a smooth luminance distribution. In a production facility workers need diverse contrasts in lighting in order to see three dimensional objects; and in a nursing home entirely different light is needed because the human eye loses sensitivity with age.

View of Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin

28

Facade detail from Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin

2

INFORMED DESIGN

Daylight - the many qualities

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17 33

33

33

33

50

50

67

83 50

33 33

33 33

33 67

33 50

17 33

17 17

33 33

17 17

33 33

33 33

33 33

17 33 33

17 33

17 50

33 33

17 17

17 17

33 33

17 17

33 33

17 33 33

33 50

33 67

33 67

50 67

50 50

67 83

67 50 67

33

33

67

50

33

17

33

17

33

33

33

17 33 17

33

50

33

17

17

33

17 17

17 33

17 33 17

50

67

67

67

67 50

83 83

67 83

33

17 17

83

83 67

33

33

17

17

50

17

50

33

17

33

33

33

17

33 17 17

17

17

33

33

33

33

17 17

50

50 50

17

17

33

17

17 33

33

33

33

17 50

33 67

50

67

33

17

33 17

33 33

33 33

33 33

33 33

17 17

17 17

33

33

33

33

17

17

33

50

50 67

33 33

50 50

67 83

33

33

17

33

33

33

33

17

33

33

50 17

17

17 17

33

17

67

50

67

67

83

50

50

67

83

83

83 67

83

83

50

50

50

33 50

33 83

50 50

50

33 83 50

33 50 50

33 50 33

33 50 50

17

17

33

17

33

33

33

33

17

17

33

17

17

33

17

17

33

33 67

33

33

33

50

67

83

50 33 33

50 50 33

33

17

33

17

33

33

33

17

50

33

33

17

17

33

17

33

17

67

83

83

100

100

100

83

33 33

33 33

33

33 33

33

17

33

33

33

17

17 33

33 17

17 17

33 33

33 33

33 33

17 33

33

17

17

33

33

33

17

17 33

33

0 33

17

17

33

17

33

33

17 17

33 33

33 33

33 17

33 50

33 50

17 33

17 17

33 33

17 17

33 33

33 33

17

33 17

33

17 0

50

50

33

17

33

17

33

33

17

50

33

67

67

33

67

50

50 50

33

17

33

33

17 33

17 33

33 33

17 17

33 33

33 33

33 50

33

33

17

33

33

33

50

33 67

50

50 50

50

50

67 67

83 83

50 83

50 83

67 83

83

83

83

67

83

33

0 33

17

17

33

17

17

33

17

17

33

33

33

33

33

50

67

83

33 33

33 17

17 50

17 33

33 33

17 17

17 17

33 33

17 17

17 33

33 17

33 67

33 83

33 83

33 100

50 100

67 100

83 83

33

17 0

50

33

33

17

17

33

17

33

17

67

83

83

100

100

100

83

0

0

83

50

100

50 33

100 83

33

83

Analysis of direct sun exposure - shortest day 25

25

25

75

25

50

50

75

25 25

50 25

50 25

75 75

50

50

50

25

25

25

50

50

50 25 25

50 25 50

50 25 50

50 75 75

50

50

50

50

50

50 25

50

25 25 25

25 25

25 25 25

25 50 50

25 50 50

50 75 75

50 50

50 50

25 50

25 25

25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

50 75 50

50 50 50

50 50 50

25 50 50

25 25 50

25 25 50

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 50 25

25 50 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 50 50

75 50 50

75 50 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 50 50

50 50

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 50 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50

50

50

25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

50

50

25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

50 50

50 50

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

50 50 50

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

025 25

50 50 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 25 25

50 25 50

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

100 50 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

100 25 50

100 25 50

100 25 50

100 50 100

100 50 50

100 50 50

50

50

50

75

50

75

50

75

75

75

50

50

50

75

50

50

50

75

50

75

75 50

75 50

75 50

75 75

75

50

50

50

50

75

75

50

50

25 50

50 75

75

75

75

50

50

50

75

50

50

25

50 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

50

50

25

50

100

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

50 50 50

50 50 75

50 50 75

50 75 75

100

75

75

75

50

25

25

25 50

25 50

25 50 50

50 75 75

75

75

100

75

75

25

25

25 50

25 50

25 50

50 75 75

100

75

75

100

50

50

25

25

25 50

50 75

100

75

75

100

75

100

100

100

50

50 75

75 75

75 75

75 75

75

50 50

50

50

50

75

75

50 50

50 50

50 25

75 50

75

75

75

50

50

50

75

50 50

50 50

25 50 25

50 75 50

100

100

100

100

100

100

50

50

50 50 25

50 75 50

100

75

75

100

100

100

75 100

100 100

25 25 50

50 50

75 50

75 50

75 50

75 50

75 100

50 50 75

50 75

50 75

50 50

75 25

75 25

50 25

50 25

25 25

50 50

75 75

75 75

75 100

50 75

50 75

50 25

75 25

50 25

50 25

50 25 25

75 50 50

100 100

100 75

100 75

100 100

100 50

100 50

50 25

50 25

50 25 25

75 50 50

100 100

75 75

75 75

100 100

100 75

100 100

75 100 100

100 100 100

50 50 25

50 50 25

50

50

50

50

50

100

50 75 50

75

75

50

25

25

25

25

25

50

75

75

100

75

75

25

25

25

25

75 25 25

75 50 50

100

75

75

100

50

50

25

25

100 25 50

100 50 50

100

75

75

100

75

100

75 100 75

100 100 100

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50

50

75

75

75

50

50 50 50

25

25

25

25

50

50

75

75

75

100 50 50

100 50 75

75 75

100 100

50 25 50

50 25 25

50 25 50

25 25 50

25

25

50

50

50

50

50 50 50

50

50

50

25

25

25

50

50

50

75 75

100 100

50 50

50 50

25 25 25

25 50 50

25 50 50

25 50

25 50

25 75

25 75

50 75

50

50 50

25

25

25

25

50

50

75

75

75

75

100

50 75

50 75

50 50

25 25 50

25 50 50

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 75 50

25 75 50

50 75 50

50 50

50 50

25 50

25 50

25 50

25 25

50 25

50 25

75 50

75 50

75

75

50

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 50 25

50 50 25

75 50 50

50

50

50

50

50

25

25

25

50

50

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

75 25 25

75 25 25

75 25 25

50 50

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 50

50 25 50

50 25 50

50 25 50

50 75

75

50

50

50

75

75

50

25

25

25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

25 50 50

25 50 75

25 50 75

25 50 75

75

75

75

75

50

25

25

25

25

25

25

25 25

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

50 50

75 50

75 50

75 50

75

50 50

50

50

75

75

50

25

25

50 50 50

50 25 25

25 25 25

50 50 25

50 50 25

50 25

50 25

50 25

50 25

75 75

50 50 75

50 75

50 50

75 25

75 25

50 25

25 25

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 25 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25

25

25

25

75

50 75 50

75

50

25

25

25

25

025 25

75 50 50

75 50 50

25 25 50

25 25 25

25 25 50

25 25 50

25

25

25

25

50

50 50 50

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

025 25

025 25

75 50 50

50 50 50

50 50 50

50 25 25

50 50 50

25 50 50

25

25

0

0

50

50 50 50

25

50

50

50

50

25

0

0

25 25 25

025 0

025 0

50 75

50 75

50 25

25 25 25

25 50 25

25 50 25

25 25

25 25

0 25

25 25

50

50 50

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

50 25 25

25 25 25

00 0

00 0

75 75

75 50

25 50

50 25 50

50 25 50

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 25 25

025 0

25 25 0

50 50

50 50

25 25

25 50

25 50

25 50

25 50

25 25

25 0

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 25 25

25 0 0

50 0 0

75

50

50

50 50 25

50 50 25

50 25 25

50 25 25

25 25 25

25 0 0

50 0 25

50

50

25

50

50

50

50

100 25 50

100 25 50

25 25 25

50 0 0

50 0 0

100

100

100

100 25 50

100 25 50

100 25 50

100 25 50

75 25 25

75 0 0

50 25 25

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

100 50 50

100 50 50

75 25 25

50 0 25

50 0 50

100

100

100

100 50 50

100 50 50

100 50 50

100 50 50

75 25 25

75 0 25

75 25 50

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

25 25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25 25

25 25

25 25

25 25

25 25 25

25 25 25

50 25 25

25

100 100

50 100

50 100

50 100

50 100

75 25 25

50 25 50

50 50 50

100

100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

25 75

50 50

50 50

100 100

100 100

100

100

100

100

100

75 75

50 50

50 50

100

100

75

50

100

50 100

50 100

50 100

50 100

75 25 75

75 25 75

75 50 50

100

100

100

100

100

100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

75 75

75 75

50 75

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100

100

100

100

100

75 75

75 75

75 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75 50 75

25

75

50

50

50

75

75 25 50

75 50 75

25

25

50

50 75

75 75

75

100

100

50

75

75

75

100

75

50

75

100

50

50

75

50

25

75

25

25

50

25

25 50

50

50

75

75 75

75 75

75 50

75

25 50

50

75

50

50 25

50 25

50 25

75 50

75

75

50

75 75

25 50 25

50 25

75 50

50 25

25 25

25

25

50

75 75 75

75 25 25

75

25

25

50

75 75 75

75 25 25

75

50

75

50

75

25

25

25

100

100

75

100

100

75

50

25

25

100

75

75 75 75

100 25 75

75

50

50

25

25

25

25

25

100

75

50

75

50

25

25

25

25

100

50

25

75 75

75 75

75

50

75

50

75

25

25

50 25

100

100

75

100

100

75

50

25

50 25

100

75

75

100

100

100

50 100

25 25

25 25

75 75

75 100

75 75

50 50

75 50

50 25

75 25

25 25

25 25

75 25 25

100 100

100 75

75 50

100 75

100 50

75 25

50 25

25 25

75 25 25

100 100

75 50

75 75

100 75

100 100

100 100

75 100 75

25

25

75

100

75

50

50

25

25

25

25

75 25 50

100

75

50

75

50

25

75 25

100 25

100 25 50

100

50

75

75

75 100

100 100

75 50

50

50 75

100

50 75

25

50

25

75

75

25

50

25

25

25

25

25

25 50 75

75

50

50

50

25

0

75 75

25

25

50

75

75

25

25

50 75

75

100

50 100

75 100

100

50

50

100

100 100

100 100

100

50

75 75

100

75

100

100

100

100

50

75

75 75

75 50

100 75

100 75

50 25

75 25

75 50

50

75

75

25

100

50

75 50

100 50

75 75

100 100

50 50

50 75

50

75

75

100

100

100

100

75

75

100

100

75

100

50

75

100

75

75

25

50

75

50

50 75

100

75 100

100

100

75

50

75

75

75

100

75

75

100 75

75

25

75

25

25 0

75 75

25 25

0

0

100 75 75

75 25 25

50

75

50

50

50

75

25

25

50

75

50

75

75

75

75

75

100 75 75

100 25 25

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

100 75 100

100 25 75

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100 100

75 100

50

50

50

25

25

25

25

25

75 25

50 75

25 50

25 50

25 50

25 25

25 0

25

25

100

75 75

75

75 75

100

100

100

100

100

75

100 100

75 75

75 75

75 75

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

75 75

100

75 75

75

75 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75 75

75

75

75

75

0

25

25

50

75

100

75

75 75

100 50

50 25

75 50

100 75

75 50

75 50

50

100 100 75

50

75

75

100

75

75

75 100

100 100

75 75

75 75

100 100

100

75

100

75

75 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75 75

75 75

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

75 75

75 75

75 75

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

100 100

75

75 75

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

75

75 75 75

75 75

75

75

Analysis of direct sun exposure - longest day 0

0

0

25

0

25

25

25

0 0

25 0

25 0

34 25

25

0

0

0

0

0

0

25

25 0 0

50 0 25

50 0 25

58 25 25

25

0

34

25

25

50 0

50

00 0

0 0

00 0

025 25

025 25

42 25 34

34 25

0 0

8 0

16 0

8 0

00 0

0

00 0

00 0

00 25

00 25

16 25 50

16 25 50

50 34 58

16 25 25

00 0

16 0 34

16 0 25

16 0 25

80 50

80 8

00 0

00 0

025 0

825 0

16 50 0

850 0

42 58 42

16 25 34

00 0

834 8

825 16

825 8

850 0

88 8

88 8

00 0

00 0

80 0

80 0

80 16

80 16

42 42 50

25 34 16

00 0

88 16

816 16

88 16

00 8

8

16

42

42

50

34

16 34 42

8

8

8

8

16

16

42

42

50

42 8 8

16 8 8

80 0

80 0

80 0

80 8

816 16

816 8

42 50 42

58 16 16

34 0 0

42 16 8

66 16 8

66 16 8

34 8 8

34

42

66

66

75

16

16 42 42

42

34

58

34

42

42

66

66

75

16 8 8

16 8 8

80 0

80 0

80 8

88 8

816 8

88 8

42 42 42

16 25

0 0

8 8

16 8 8

88 8

88 0

8 8

8 16

8 42

8 42

42 50

34

42 16

8

8

8

8

16

16

42

42

50

25 8 42

16 8 16

80 8

80 8

88 8

88 8

88 8

88 8

42 42 42

25 58

0 34

8 42

25 8 66

16 8 66

16 0 34

16 8 34

16 16 42

34 42 66

34 42 66

58 50 75

34 16

16 16

8 42

8 34

8 58

8 34

16 42

16 42

42 66

42 66

16 42 16

816 16

08 8

88 8

88 8

88 8

88 8

88 8

42 42

58

34

42

16 66 16

866 8

16 34 8

16 34 8

16 42 8

25 66 8

25 66 8

58 75 42

16

16

42

34

58

34

42

42

66

66

816 25

816 16

88 8

16 8 8

16 8 8

88 8

34 8 8

34 8 8

42 42

816 25

88 16

88 16

16 8 16

42 8 16

42 8 34

42 8 34

42 58

825 16

816 8

88 0

88 8

42 8 8

34 8 8

34 8 8

34 8 8

42

25

0

8

825 16

34 16 8

34 16 16

42 16 16

42 16 16

42 34 25

42 34 25

58 58

34

34

34

16

34

34

34

16

16

16

816 8

88 8

80 8

16 8 16

16 8 16

88 8

88 34

88 34

8

8

16

16 16 8

16 8 8

816 8

16 16 16

16 16 42

16 25 42

16 25 42

58

66

42

42

16

34

34

8

16

16

16

88 8

88 8

08 8

816 8

816 42

16 8 34

25 34 34

25 34 34

34 25

8 0

25 8

25 8 8

25 8 34

16 8 34

16 42

42 42

42 42

42 42

34

42 34

34

16

34

34

34

16

16

88 8

88 8

08 8

88 16

842 16

16 34 8

25 34 8

25 34 8

42 25 8

00 8

88 16

16 8 16

16 34 16

16 34 8

42 16

42 16

42 16

42 16

34 66

42 34 42

34 42

16 16

34 34

34 34

34 8

16 16

88 8

88 8

08 0

816 8

816 8

88 16

88 25

88 25

25 8 34

08 8

816 25

816 25

016 25

88 16

16

16

16

16

66

25 42 42

42

16

34

34

8

16

88 8

88 8

00 0

88 8

88 8

816 16

825 25

825 25

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Analysis of direct sun exposure - annul average

29

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The buildings we live and work in influence both our behaviour patterns and social interaction.

With a behavioural design approach, we can optimise a building to stimulate the activities and the behaviour that characterize its useâ&#x20AC;?

Mille Sylvest Behavioral Specialist, GXN

3 BEHAVIOUR DESIGN Optimizing the use and function of the building through logistics, floorplate and functional design allows for greater building performance. Architectural psychology applied to a building design can also forecast the effect it will have on peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s well-being and effectiveness. Behaviour Design can get people talking together. It can make passive people more active. It can shape corporate culture. Architecture, shaped by Behaviour Design can encourage people to find new paths, discover new aspects of the city â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and of themselves.

3

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Behavior - as a focus

Project

Behavior - as a focus Throughout 2011 GXN has cooperated with Behavioral Specialist and M.A. in Architectural Psychology, Mille Sylvest, in order to examine whether the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s focus on behaviour can be seen in the daily use of our buildings.

With a basis in Middelfart Savings Bank, Mille Sylvest has conducted a research project that deals with employee behavior. The purpose of the project has been to investigate whether Middelfart Savings Bank lives up to 3XNâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own expectations concerning the behaviour that the building generates.

32

ture in order to make it suit the activities that we want to carry out in certain buildings.

In this context, Architectural Psychology can contribute with a number of methods that can be used in order to consider different forms of behavior and therefore achieve well functioning buildings.

3XN has, as a part of a holistic understanding of design, chosen to place behavior as a central theme in the architecture. In this context 3XN believes that architecture affects human behavior and contributes to the creation of new relations among individuals.

The research project has been conducted at Middelfart Savings Bank and has mainly concerned itself with knowledge sharing and employee satisfaction in the open plan office.

These thoughts on behavior can also be found in Architectural Psychology. Here it is pointed out, that there is reciprocity between humans and the built environment. The architecture affects our behavior, but at the same time we also influence the architec-

The investigations have been carried out through a series of different interviews with employees and management, as well as surveys and observations concerning behavior and interactions among the employees working on the three open office plateaus of the bank.

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Behavior - as a focus

Middelfart Savings Bank

3

80% of the employed are more satisfied with working in the new building than the old one.

74% of employees eat lunch with collegues from other departments. This contributes to the knowledgesharing.

92% The results from the satisfaction survey.

of the employees are satisfied with their placement in the building.

33

3

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Architecture and Learning Environments

Project

Architecture and Learning Environments Ørestad College is a secondary school in Denmark built as a physical expression of the 2004 changes to the Danish High School curriculum. The reforms were centered on enhancing students’ academic skills; giving them responsibility for their own learning, ensuring a better transition from high school to higher education and emphasizing the natural sciences.

The architecture of the school is drawn up from the 3XN belief that architecture can influence behavior.

The flexible spaces allow a high degree of interaction and provide a learning and working environment that encourage new ways of learning; ranging from responsibility for self guided study to collaboration with others.

The program was formulated without the traditional requirements for class rooms. In fact, the competition brief requested an interpretation of space and a physical representation of the changes to the curriculum. The project was a research-based design process that evolved into an expression reflecting increased knowledge sharing and better interdisciplinary skills.

with a degree of intimacy in smaller scales. The working environment is functional, but it is also easy to find and create corners for relaxation and contemplation.

From an International perspective, Ørestad College is a revolutionary solution to the design of a modern educational institution. The many visitors from around the world are often surprised that it is possible to blend together an open, welcoming and flexible environment with the requirements for modern functional teaching facilities.

In the completed building it is clear that the ambition has been to combine the wide and open spaces

Inter-disciplinary internal connections.

34

Overlapping zones enable dynamic spaces.

Form processing of zone area.

BEHAVIOR DESIGN

Architecture and Learning Environments

3

35

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The design concept should be broadened to be about much more than form and function. By focusing on strategic innovation and technology, design ideas and products can be more successfulâ&#x20AC;?

Morten Norman Lund Architectural Engineer, GXN

4 TECHNOLOGY DESIGN At GXN we see Technology Design as another way of approaching product development; especially when it comes to the construction industry. It is important to focus on more than the product to ensure success during the course of development.

The Technology Design Strategy explores processes where learning from one technology and transferring specific qualities or characteristics into another, results in a new product or completely new use. By understanding how architects and endusers think, we can help businesses in the construction industry to create products and solutions that not only work well, but are implemented in the construction process.

4

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Micro-perforated sun screening

Project

Micro-perforated sun screening GXN initiates a number of assignments which have an impact on developing in-house expertise and the built environment. These are tasks that exploit 3XN design skills to create entirely new business areas within environmentally optimized building components and design.

Together with the firm PhotoSolar, GXN has received funds from the Danish Energy Agency to develop, design and implement a new environmentally friendly sun screening; a new type of micro-perforated lamella in thermo windows.

edge for cut

The aim is to rethink PhotoSolarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 'MicroShade' technology, developing it to be of a unique interest to architects and end users.

"At 3XN we have always put beautiful design at the top of our agenda. To truly obtain perfection in every aspect, we are determined to integrate sustainability in our creative visions. Green buildings do not mean boring architecture. Our wish is to create sustainable architecture that is prominent, beautiful and innovative!, says creative director and principal architect Kim Herforth Nielsen, and continues: "This necessitates an infusion of professional qualifications and new skill sets in our practice, knowledge in the area of environmental technologies, optimal designs etc.

At the same time, we believe that with our design philosophy and holistic approach can be of value in the design process and bring new sustainable initiatives and products to the market."

solid

20% transparant

60% transparant

GXN has in collaboration with a multidisciplinary design team completed the project together with a number of external partners.

GXN, design and project management PhotoSolar, technology development

38

edge for cut

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Micro-perforated sun screening

4

39

4

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Gotham Light

Project

Gotham Light GXN has designed a streetlight based on the newest solar cell and light technology. The luminaire generates more electricity than it uses. With the help of a specially developed prism sun energy is converted into efficient street lightning.

Seven lamps have been erected at Bella Center in Copenhagen in conjunction with the previously held UN Climate Conference.

The streetlamps are a result of the close co-operation between 3XN and the lighting firm, Scotia.

The goal was to create a sculptural and CO2 neutral street lighting solution. This was achieved with the combination of GXNs GOTHAM luminaire and Scotias solar cell lamp post. The lamp post is square and integrates upright standing solar cells which are strategically positioned to capture the Nordic light.

The background behind the design for the lamp stems from ideas of Japanese origami and the natural shapes that emerge from the triangulation. The luminaire contains folds which in addition to being very aesthetic are very functional – even designed with respect to the wind. The luminaire works in conjunction with the mast to form a very sculptural expression – with a veiled reference to the lamp’s futuristic LED technology The luminaire uses LED light technology with a life of up to 50.000 hours. LED is very energy effective, but its outdoor LED use had been difficult to employ due to diffusion control issues. In connection with GOTHAM, the Italian producer EWO developed a specialized prism that is placed in front of the light rays. The prism’s orientation determines the direct and precise diffusion of light.

GXN, design EWO, manufacturing Scotia Aps, lighting consultant

Design inspired by japanese origami

40

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Gotham Light

Solar panel on the pole of the lamp

4

Especially developed lamp prism.

41

4

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Strategic Innovation

Project

Strategic Innovation The success of a product is not only determined by the quality of the physical design but also by how the company manages to implement the product into the existing business model and customer contact. In other words it is important to think innovation beyond the thought of the good idea and to ensure that the good idea is successful in the current market.

This way of thinking is fundamentally different than the traditional approach used in product design.

Here the solution is not necessarily based on the product itself, and new demands are introduced on methods and tools used to manage the process of development.

This is where the cooperation between GXN and Smith Innovation gets into character. By providing a strong multidisciplinary team we ensure that all options are explored and a broad foundation of ideas are being developed. The complementary skills of the team ensure that the selected solution is solved on various levels to ensure the success of the development.

Different methods and tools are applied to ensure that the developed projects succeed. This is to ensure that all aspects of the problem are clarified.

The innovation model developed by GXN and Smith is based on the innovation strategy called "7 Circles of Innovation", which describes the innovation process as a series of iterative processes that can either stand alone or are combined. This model is supported by a number of methods that focus on how organizations can innovate on a broad level.

GXN, design strategies and graphics Smith Innovation, market analysis and innovation workshops

Workshop at GXN

42

TECHNOLOGY DESIGN

Strategic Innovation

4

GXN and Smith’s Innovation Model.

MISSION

TEST

ON C E-C PR

04

IDEA IMPLEMENTATION

CONCEPT

IDEA GENERATION

03

02

Mission Statement Initial meeting with client: What is the background and expectations?

Participants: Client and management

IDEATION

IDEABANK

GO TO MARKET

01

02

DGE WLE

CONCE PT

ILED

EVALUATION AND PLANNING

KNO

DE TA

03

AR C H RESE

PROTOTYPIN G

01

EP T

Ideation Workshop All day workshop: ’The Innovation Space’ is expanded and the most promising ideas are identified.

Participants: Management and people with responsibility for development, production, sales and possible central customers and collaboration partners.

04

Pre-Concept Workshop All day workshop: Business plan and design and technology direction is assessed for the most promising leads.

Participants: The same as for the first workshop.

Evaluation and Planning Handover: The results are presented and an idea catalogue is handed over.

The idea catalogue contains all ideas, concepts, and evaluation and should be used as an internal proposal for the client.

The Doblin Method to make sure all solutions are examined.

Business B us inessm odel

1. Business model Hvordan tjener virksomheden penge?

Process

Væ rdikæde

Unders tøttende

3. Understøttende processer Ting der hjælper produktionsapperartet

2. Værdikæde Hvordan er samarbejdet/ værdikæden skruet sammen?

Services

K erne

P rodukt ydelse P rodukt s ys tem S ervice

5. Produktydelser Funktionalitet og ydeevne

4. Kerneprocesser Ændringer i selve produktionsapperatet

S a le Kanalen

7. Service Hvordan serviceres kunden?

6. Produktsystem Hvilke tillægsydelser/ produkter?

Brand

K undeoplevelsen

9. Brand Hvordan markedsføres/ præsenteres fordelene for kunden?

8. Kanalen Hvor/af hvem kan kunden købe produktet?

10. Kundeoplevelsen Hvordan skabes en helhedsoplevelse for kunden?

43

“Without play and experimentation, we cannot break with the familiar and the already tried. Digital technologies are interesting, but useless if they are not challenged and realised” Kasper Guldager Jørgensen Architect, GXN

5 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN At GXN Experimental Design is crucial to keep pushing the boundaries between what is digitally possible â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and then what is actually physically possible. The digital age has changed our society and has given designers, engineers and architects completely new tools. Today we work with concepts such as scripting, animation, parametric and algorithmic design. The use of new software is more than just a digitization of traditional architecture, it is a new practice. With Experimental Design Technologies, there is no end to the possibilities. Building on collected knowledge, pushing the boundaries and aiming for continued discovery, GXN aims to transform the building industry and what it can accomplish.

5

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Louisiana Pavillon

Project

Louisiana Pavillon As part of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Green Architecture for the Futureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; architectural exhibition, the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art invited 3XN to design a pavilion demonstrating cutting edge possibilities with sustainable and intelligent materials.

46

The vision of the project has been to build with biodegradable and energy-generating materials, creating an energy-self-sufficient architecture that can be part of, and be decomposed in, the biological cycle after use.

The project shows that sustainable materials have legitimate future potential in the building industry practically as well as aesthetically. By building with intelligent and biological materials with a refined finish, in a complex mode of expression, the project tries to push the limit of what is obtainable with sustainable materials today.

The newest built-in technologies have been applied creating a dynamic and green architecture. Piezoelectric materials that generate an electric current from the weight of the visitors are laid in the floor.

Well-known synthetic products have been substituted with biological and reusable materials. For the outer shell of the sculpture, glass fiber composites have been substituted with a bio composite from flax fibers cast in biological resin based on soybean oil and cornstarch.

In the inner core polyethylene foam is replaced by sheets of cork.

GXN, design and project management COWI, engineers and lighting design StageOne, production and installation

The pavilion has a coating of nanoparticles that makes the surfaces self-cleaning. A second coating adds air cleaning properties to the pavilion. A chemical process called photocatalysis decomposes up to 70 percent of pollutants from industrial smog.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Louisiana Pavillon

5

47

5

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Danzer Light

Project

Danzer Light Danzer Light is a three-dimensional light installation designed by GXN for the exhibition Mind Your Behaviour at the Danish Architectural Center.

The Danzer Light contains 180 pyramid shaped elements but consists of only four base components.

The shape has been developed using a mathematical principle developed by Ludwig Danzer. All the elements have shared faces and can therefore be reconfigured in endless combinations.

The pyramids are built in aluminum with an integrated light on each element. The electric current is conducted through the aluminum, meaning that Danzer Light functions without any wires. The design is an example of how complexity can be solved logically. This is a feature which characterizes many of 3XNs buildings.

We aim to operate on the cutting edge between core science and commercial solutions. The department has a great focus on possibilities in new â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and green â&#x20AC;&#x201C; materials. Earlier materials used to be buildings blocks, something you designed with. Today, materials have become design objects, which can be designed to meet specific needs and requirements with regard to sustainability, functionality, strength, durability and aesthetics.

Ultimately, we use the periodic table of elements as our building blocks. The question is not what material you choose, but which properties you want to incorporate into specific products or projects.

GXN, design and project management Electrotexture, dynamic lighting LEDlumina, production and circulation

48

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Danzer Light

Tiles = 3319 A = 126 B = 938 C = 533 K = 1722

Tiles = 2053 A = 77 B = 582 C = 328 K = 1066

Tiles = 2043 A = 82 B = 569 C = 336 K = 1056

Tiles = 636 A = 23 B = 182 C = 100 K = 331

Tiles = 783 A = 30 B = 221 C = 126 K = 406

Tiles = 485 A = 18 B = 138 C = 77 K = 252

Tiles = 479 A = 21 B = 130 C = 82 K = 246

Tiles = 151 A=5 B = 44 C = 23 K = 79

Tiles = 185 A=7 B = 52 C = 30 K = 96

Tiles = 115 A=4 B = 33 C = 18 K = 60

Tiles = 111 A=6 B = 28 C = 21 K = 56

Tiles = 36 A=1 B = 11 C=5 K = 19

Tiles = 43 A=2 B = 12 C=7 K = 22

Tiles = 27 A=1 B=8 C=4 K = 14

Tiles = 25 A=2 B=5 C=6 K = 12

Tiles = 9 A=0 B=3 C=1 K=5

Tiles = 11 A=0 B=3 C=2 K=6

Tiles = 7 A=0 B=2 C=1 K=4

Tiles = 5 A=1 B=0 C=2 K=2

Tiles = 2 A=0 B=1 C=0 K=1

5

Fractal iterations of the design.

Danzer Light being assembled.

49

5

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

NOMA Lab

Project

NOMA Lab GXNs interior for NOMA Restaurant’s food lab unites the creative worlds of gastronomy and architecture in a modern expression of the Nordic aesthetic.

Noma Foodlab has been a collaboration between GXN and NOMA (recently named the World's best restaurant).

The restaurant wanted a new and inspiring environment for its Foodlab – an experimentarium of sorts where new dishes are created. The approach was to design an interior with a multifunctional character, where space and interiors merge. The result was four central multi-functional storage units; each composed from over five hundred uniquely formed wooden cubes. Curving playfully throughout the space, these units divide the 200M2 room into smaller areas accommodating the Food Lab, the herb garden, staff areas and office.

Through a series of experiments, GXN tested how rectangular modules could best be formed into the desired organic expression. The modular design has found inspiration in the classic ‘brick bond’, which has been the basis for further processing of the integrated design. By working with digital manufacturing through parametric modeling, we have managed to create a simple looking design, with a complex and tailored substructure.

The final design has a unique construction system. It consists of five hundred unique cassettes, which are mounted in a concealed construction. This ensures a free and dynamic design. The shape is further enhanced by an integrated energy-efficient lighting that highlights the shape of the interior, and the individual boxes. The boxes and the structural system are developed exclusively from sustainable materials and using Nordic timber.

GXN, design and project management CNC fabrikken, production Malte Gormsen, construction

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NOMA Lab

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The boxes are used for containing and displaying material for inspiration.

The construction system and the cassettes.

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Bella Chandelier

Project

Bella Chandelier With the desire to bring art and science together in a unique light installation, the Bella Chandelier has been an opportunity for GXN to explore the synergies between construction, technology and design.

After six years of intense concept development, design, detailing, prototyping, and manufacturing, the project is completed and installed in the Hotel Bella Sky foyer.

The geometry of the light installation has been inspired by the hotelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s striking 15-degree slope, which has formed the basis for the six cylinders. This required an extraordinary effort. The light and spacious expression of the Bella Chandelier is a result of its tensegrity structure where perfect equilibrium of forces is reached through a precise balance of the elements.

Pioneers in design have been fascinated by the principle of tensegrity for decades but never before has a structure of this size been made with as high a level of minimal structure and integrated light design.

More than 7000 LED lights and hundreds of custommade components had to come together with millimeter precision in six huge acrylic tubes (each 3.5 meter long) in order to complete the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;one of a kindâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; light installation. The hexagonal custom milled aluminum cores used as compression rods are merely 36 mm in diameter, making them the slimmest of their kind. This extremely slim construction together with integrated dynamic lighting makes the Bella Chandelier stand out worldwide as an extraordinary example of engineered art.

GXN, design and project management

Installation of Bella Chandelier

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Bella Chandelier

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ARCHITECTURE WITH A PURPOSE

by Helle Lorenzen

The Green Solution House on the Danish island of Bornholm will be a showcase for state of the art green building solutions.

However, at the same time, the House will be designed to evolve, with a built-in capacity to continuously update itself with the newest improvements and solutions in this field.

Apart from being an ambitious project, the upcoming Green Solution House enters into a context which is bigger than the building itself.

It will not only function as a house, a hotel, a conference or research centre - It’s going to be a living and organic showcase in sustainability using principles taken from the Cradle to Cradle philosophy. Director of GXN and partner i 3XN, Kasper Guldager Jørgensen likes this idea. ”Many people think that it’s not possible to work with Cradle to Cradle principles, but we intend to prove those people wrong. Cradle to Cradle is not a dogma, or a certain way of building – basically, the principles are about consideration and common sense. When Green Solution House is completed, our ambition is that it will display state of the art green solutions. However, at the same time, the House will be designed to evolve, continuously able to showcase the newest improvements and solutions in this field,” says Kasper Guldager Jørgensen.

For a number of years, The Danish island of Bornholm has aimed to become sustainable and selfsufficient - The Bright Green Island. The island is of such a demographic and infrastructural nature that it is suitable as a test market for a number of green solutions. Bornholm co-operates with many international companies focusing on energy technology, green transport, in addition to wind, sun and wave energy. In this regard, Green Solution House will function as a research and conference centre in extension to its current co-operation agreements. The House will further function as a hotel offering unique guest experiences.

”Among other things, the guests will be able to generate energy instead of just using it, as well as contribute to the cleaning and non pollution of water.

We are working on ways of monitoring the consumption and energy ‘contribution’ of every single guest, from the moment they arrive via plane or ferry,” says Kasper Guldager Jørgensen.

You can’t put the World on hold The Green Solution House is on many levels a new kind of assignment for 3XN. The concept is new - both in Denmark and on an international level.

We’ve set the bar high across many disciplines.

There are a great deal of requirements involved in the development process, and in the engagement of all four focus fields of biodiversity, water, materials and energy.

Biodiversity is normally not something you consider when developing a new building, but 3XN works on integrating green areas, in order to recreate biodiversity by using endangered wild species.

Our objective for water consumption is that it should leave the building cleaner than when it arrives. To do this, biological cleaning methods are utilized – such as an enlarged root zone with a natural built-in cleaning process.

However, one of the greatest challenges with this project is material selection. New building components need to be developed, as well as new design and building procedures, which allow for recycling in new contexts, via biological or technical networks.

Biological Cycle - Biologically degradable materials, that can be composted after use.

Water Cycle - The rain water is collected and wastewater will be cleaned and reused.

”We collaborate with major construction companies to design products using Cradle to Cradle principles. For instance, we look at how we can design window frames (with more than 100 parts) in such a way that we will be able to assemble it, and take it apart during and after use. In addition, we insist on making it free of inappropriate chemicals, which exude gasses and create an unhealthy indoor environment,” says Kasper Guldager Jørgensen.

like this. We know that we will have to make some compromises. Thinking in cycles requires radical changes in the way we design and manufacture. Nature itself doesn’t produce waste or spillage. That’s man-made,” Kasper Guldager Jørgensen points out and continues:

Finally, it is important that the energy consumed is renewable - both in construction and in recycling materials and components. 3XN is working with a neutral balance of matter and energy, which in the long run will be positive. More energy needs to be generated than consumed. ”When working with the Cradle to Cradle principles, it’s important to underline that it’s not about being perfect from the beginning. That’s just not possible, when taking this complex project and its size into consideration - But you can’t put the World on hold and wait 50 years to do something. We need to act now and tomorrow,” Kasper Guldager Jørgensen points out.

Allowed Compromises One of the great challenges is to see to what extent 3XN will succeed in implementing its objectives through co-operation with industrial partners, entrepreneurs, material suppliers, system designers, energy suppliers etc. ”We have invoked our own objectives and haven’t come further than the initial design – but of course we feel nervous about such a huge design challenge

”We survey everything we use and how we design the building sustainably, and realise what might be a showstopper. What are we allowed to do and not?

What can be improved over time? We are not willing to compromise on our overall objectives, but we may be able to accept a solution on day one which may not be optimal, but where we learn ways for improvement. For instance, with regards to energy – maybe at the start we will only be able to generate 20 percent of the actual energy demand.”

An Atypical Project Green Solution House will be a mix of 1800 m2 of new buildings and include a further 2800 m2 of existing buildings from the 1970s. Thus, the House will both be a showcase of how to build something new, and how to improve older buildings in a sustainable direction.

Even before any architectural sketches were made, over 1000 hours were spent designing all the principles and objectives for overall Green Solution House project. Elements such as circulation and volume studies, program analysis and anything which would eventually be created and reflect itself in the aesthetics and the building forms. This represents an economic investment upfront that will pay back later in the process.

Technical Cycle - Materials that can be recycled in tecnical systems without waste.

”I am actually hoping that you won’t be able to see that this is a sustainable building. We don’t necesserally want straw cabins and grass on the roof. I hope that our preparatory work will inspire us further, and that we will be able to maintain freedom of design in the architectonic approach, which I think is essential. A sustainable building should be able to be carried out in hundred different ways,” Kasper Guldager Jørgensen says.

As an architect, Green Solution House is an atypical – but very special project to work on. The working relationship requires integrated processes between the builder, architects and engineers, - and in this case, the relationship actually needs to take shape right from the beginning stages.

Beyond thoughts and ideals, there is a major practical component where Kasper Jørgensen and his colleagues engage with representatives from waste incineration, the energy and water supply, local authorities, Cradle to Cradle Denmark, as well as the Danish Nature Agency within the Ministry of Environment. ”As an architect and designer, I had to take a stand on various uncommon conditions, and it has been a really giving, fun and instructive process. Working on the project has been a form of rebirth for our team, and it has given us all a renewed passion for designing with new depths and reflections,” says Kasper Guldager Jørgensen.

Green Solution House will be completed in the Summer 2014.

Energy Cycle - The used energy is based on sustainable energy sources

GXN/3XN Strandgade 73 1401 København K 3xn@3xn.dk www.3xn.dk