BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES|SEM3|TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY|CHONG CHIAO YEN|0348073

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY Building Science & Services BLD62304

CHONG CHIAO YEN|0348073

CONTENT Project 1 LIGHTING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

Project 2 INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ‘INVENTION’

BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES BLD62304

ASSIGNMENT 1 LIGHTING AND VAC DESIGN FOR COMFORT

STUDENT: CHONG CHIAO YEN | 0348073 LECTURER: MS. SHARON THE AI PING SEMESTER: SEM 3 INTAKE: MARCH 2022

TASK: To identify existing discomfort/problem within the selected area.

Re-design the space and its rationale for a better change.

DISCOMFORT AND PROBLEMS

PROBLEMS (BEDROOM) PROBLEM 1: Hard to stay focus under the use of one light colour type.

By only having warm yellow lighting for both bedroom and bathroom could cause discomfort in the eyes making the eyes get tired easily. Nevertheless, it is also not suitable for long study session.

PROBLEM 2: Impractical location of recessed light near casement window.

Recessed lights located near the windows are not practical as it is too dim to be lighted up on its own while too bright to be turned on with other lights during the night. It’s also unlikely to turn it on during day time since the casement windows are right beside it, there is enough daylight for the room hence no lights needed.

PROBLEM 3: No lights provided for bedtime reading.

Pendant light located beside the bed isn’t useful for any purpose as it is too low and dim.

PROBLEM 4: Position of ceiling fan.

Having the ceiling fan located more towards one side of the room failed to provide wind circulation for the entire bedroom. Moreover, west facing direction makes the room humid throughout the day meanwhile forcing the other part of the bedroom to trap heat.

PROBLEM 5: No air or wind circulation at dressing area.

No fan or air-cond at dressing area which could be irritating at times when sweating uncontrollably right after a cold shower.

(BATHROOM) PROBLEM 6: Lighting not suitable for doing make up and lack of natural daylight.

Fully built solid wall prevented daylight from entering forcing lights to be turned on even during daytime. However, lightings being too dim and yellow isn’t helpful too in doing make ups.

PROBLEM 7: Lack of natural ventilation.

Toilet being located beside a full height solid wall indicates that there is no natural ventilation at all. Even though a small casement window is provided in the toilet to act for ventilation purpose, it is still not enough.

REDESIGN

SOLUTIONS/REDESIGN REDESIGN 1: Relocate study table near towards casement windows utilizing natural daylight for daytime study while cool white LED downlight will be installed for night time study session. This lighting gives better focusing when studying as they tend to mimic daylight.

REDESIGN 2: Instead of having the recessed lights placed near the casement windows, it would be of better use if it is relocated towards the centre of the room with a change of lighting to warm white LED downlight (2700k-3000k).

REDESIGN 3: Amber no blue warm dimmable pendant light will be installed above the bed to allow light reading or bedtime reading. By using dimmer, the brightness of the lights can be freely adjusted to fit for any purposes.

REDESIGN 4: Since the bedroom is west facing, ceiling fan plays significant role in dissipating heat hence it seems reasonable to be placed near the windows. Therefore, instead of relocating ceiling fan, it might be better to have a walk-in wardrobe at the dressing area with DIAKIN CLOSET being installed. Since its purpose is to help reduce heat trap and high temperature, the wardrobe and dressing area is believed to be in constant cooling state.

By doing up a walk-in wardrobe, area nearer to the casement windows could radiate heat faster with no changes to the ceiling fan as the concentrated area is now much smaller, allowing the room temperature to be cooler.

Surface of the walk-in wardrobe could be a concealed door for the room to look neater. In the walk-in wardrobe, clean white LED recessed light (3000k-4000k) would be used.

Furthermore, one side of the wardrobe would be built to the full height while another would be built slightly lower. This is to allow awning window to be installed in order to have access to natural sunlight.

REDESIGN 5: By installing DIAKIN CLOSET , dressing area would be much cooler and with the help of awning window, wind or air circulation could be improved.

REDESIGN 6: Lighting above wash basin could be changed to warm white recessed light as it shows better true skin tone hence it is the best lighting for doing make up. An additional window opening will be placed beside the double vanity counter for access to natural daylight allowing better make up experience during the day.

REDESIGN 7: Toilet will be relocated beside shower. At the back of the wall, full length awning window will be installed from Toilet continuing all the way towards the end of shower area. With this, it further opens the bathroom allowing greater access to natural ventilation and daylight. This is particularly important as with better ventilation going on, water vapour in the bathroom get to escape faster therefore preventing wooden wardrobes from being damp.

THE PRODUCTS

JUSTIFICATION OF BENEFITS/SAVINGS/ECO-IMPACT, DETAILS/SPECIFICATIONS OF FIXTURES INCORPORATED INTO NEW DESIGN

LIGHTING WARM WHITE FLUORESCENT LIGHT Brand: Hazzle Wattage: 18w Lumens: 1160lm Colour: • 3000K (Warm White) Casing Colour: White Size: E27 Bulb Type: Fluorescent Control Method: Price: RM 5.00 Voltage: 220-240v 50/60Hz Features: • Up to 80% Energy Saver Over Incandescent Bulbs • High Luminous Efficacy • 8000 Hrs Lamp Life • Instant Start • Can Operate Within 170-250v Range • Not Suitable For Dimmers Link: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lazada.com.my%2Fproducts %2Fhazzle-18w-e27-3u-bulbi1032792232.html&psig=AOvVaw2DtU6ErSm3CxpE1iveaD4Z&ust=1652193433721000&sour ce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCOj4tqnS0vcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR

AMBER NO BLUE WARM DIMMABLE PENDANT LIGHT

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Brand: COWELL Brand Local Brands SKU 2241421159_MY-9499231129 Light Type Pendants Light Features Dimmable, Energy saving, Colour-Changing, Vintage Filament Model BO-C11685 Price: RM8.00 power consumption 1-60W input voltage 220V Warranty Type No Warranty Link: COWELL NORDIC MODERN LOFT HANGING AMBER GLASS PENDANT LIGHT | Lazada

WARM YELLOW DOWNLIGHT Brand: Sirim Warranty Period • 2 Years (24 Months) Colour: White Wattage: 12W 18W 20W Shape: Round Square Price: RM10.30 - RM12.80 Product Dimensions • Round (12W) Sirim - 160mm * 30mm • Round (18W) Sirim - 200mm * 30mm • Square (12W) Sirim - 160mm * 30mm • Square (18W) Sirim - 200mm * 30mm • Round (20W) No sirim - 180mm * 45mm • Square (20W) No sirim - 180mm * 45mm Colour temperature: • Warm White (3000K) • Cool White (4000K) • Daylight (6500K) • Mains power: Range 220 V - 240 V • Fixture dimmable: No • Built-in LED Miscellaneous • Type: Glass Downlight (Recessed) Package Content : • 1 x LED Glass Downlight *Complete with driver/ transformer (Driver built in internal or external) Link: ⭐1 MONTH WARRANTY⭐ LED Surface Downlight 12W / 18W / 24W / Round / Square / Warm / White Daylight / 6 , 8.3 , 11 inch | Shopee Malaysia

CEILING FAN Brand: Panasonic Model No: F-M14CZVBKH Size: 140cm No. of Blades: 4 Power Consumption (W): • 20 (Low) • 68 (High) Fan Speed (RPM): • 102 (Low) • 196 (High) Air Velocity (m/min) (Low): 155 Air Delivery (𝑚3 / min): 215 Control Method: Remote Control/Single Gang Switch Colour: Black Price: RM 365 Benefits: • Matches room design & is aesthetically pleasing • Very convenient to turn on and off using the remote control Savings: • Does not use up much power so it is cost saving • Minimal maintenance Eco-Impact • Distributes cool air throughout the room • Reduces energy usage by as much as 40% Link: [F-M14CZ] CEILING FAN (56") 4 BLADES F-M14CZVBKH (panasonic.com)

AIR CONDITIONING Brand: DAIKIN • •

• • • • • •

Air Conditioner Rated Capacity (HP) 1 Air Conditioner Features Timer,Dehumidifier,Air Direction Control,Auto Cleaning,Fast Cooling,Silent Mode,Sensor Control Inverter Non-inverter Air Conditioner Rated Capacity (BTUs) 9500 Type Air Conditioner Single Split System Model FTV28V1E Energy Efficiency Star 3 Stars Warranty Type Local Manufacturer Warranty

Link: Daikin 1hp Non Inverter Wall Mount Air Conditioner FTV28V1E | Lazada

DAIKIN CLOSET •

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•

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Brand Daikin Price: RM2049.00 SKU 2933274252_MY-14286706417 Inverter Inverter AC_Horsepower_Rating 1.0 HP warranty 1 Year,1 Year Warranty Type Local Manufacturer Warranty

CLEAN WHITE LED RECESSED LIGHT Brand: LED Size: 210mm Price: RM7.82 SKU: NO952HLAABJ8E1ANMY-24315346 Light Bulb Wattage (w): 18w Light Bulb Type: LED Light Features: Energy saving Light Bulb Colour: Warm White Model: LEDSP18WRWW Warranty Type: Local Supplier Warranty Warranty Period: 2 Months Link: 18W Warm White LED Light Downlight Ceiling Lamp Recessed Down Light Slim Panel Home Light Renovate Decor Round without LED Driver cut out size 210mm | Lazada

CLEAN/COOL WHITE LED RECESSED LIGHT Brand: Philips Wattage：11W Warranty Period：1 Years (12 Months) Size：110mm x 40mm Price: RM12.50 Colour temperature: Daylight (6500K) Colour: White Technical specifications • Base Type: E27 • Voltage: 220-240V • Lumen: 1050 lm • Lifetime: 10000 Hrs Link: Philips 11W LED Stick Tube E27 (Daylight 6500K)Essential | Lazada

SINGLE GANG SWITCH •

Brand Schneider Electric Price: RM85.50

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SKU 411828563_MY-8360760971

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Model Schneider AvatarOn 1 Gang 1 Way Switch with LED indicator, White

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Warranty Period 1 Year,1 Year

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Input Voltage (V) 221-1000

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Warranty Type Local Manufacturer Warranty Link: Schneider AvatarOn 1/2/3/4 Gang 1 Way Switch with LED indicator, White | Lazada

DOUBLE GANG SWITCH Brand: Simon Price: RM10.79 •

10A 2G / 3G / 4G 1 way Switch

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Original Simon Brand

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Full White

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Big Rocker / Curve frame

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Size : 86mm x 86mm x 38mm Link: Simon 39 series 10A 2 Gang / 3 Gang / 4 Gang 1 Way Switch | Lazada

DIMMER Brand: No Brand Price: RM30.91 SKU:2819836216 Material: Plastic Warranty: No Warranty Colour: White, Black Size: As picture show Dimmable LEDS: 3-100W Rated voltage/Frequency: 220-240V AC/50Hz Package included:1 x 220V-240V Led Dimmer Link: CHICKETTI Wall Mounted Movable Rotary Touch Incandescent Bulb Knob LED Dimmer Switch Dimmer Switch Controller Light Dimmer Switch Lighting Control | Lazada

DOUBLE SWITCHED FLOOR SOCKE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Brand Schneider Electric Price: RM22.20 SKU 1142502213_MY-3253256699 Powerpoint Type Light Switches Model A3GT25_WE_G11 Warranty Type Local Manufacturer Warranty Warranty Period 1 Year Range: Affle Plus Product Type: Twin Switched Socket Colour: White Number of terminals: 3 Material: Polycarbonate Device mounting: Flush Rated current: 250 V AC 50/60 Hz Width: 146 mm Height: 86 mm Depth: 29.2 mm Mgf ID: A3GT25_WE_G11 Link: Schneider Electric Affle Plus 13A Twin Gang Switched Socket White | Lazada

BILL OF QUANTITIES

PART A: LIGHTING FOR BEDROOM & WALK-IN WARDROBE QYT RATE (RM) 1 5.00

NO. 1

DESCRIPTION HAZZEL18w E27 3U Bulb

UNIT NOS

2

NORDIC MODERN PENDANT LIGHT

NOS

2

8.00

16.00

3

[Sirim] Glass LED Downlight

NOS

1

10.30

10.30

4

Warm White LED Light Downlight Ceiling Lamp Recessed Down Light Philips 11W LED Stick Tube E27 (Daylight 6500K) Essential

NOS

2

7.82

15.64

18W Warm White LED Light Downlight Ceiling Lamp Recessed Down Light Slim Panel Home Light Renovate Decor Round without LED Driver cut out size 210mm | Lazada

NOS

5

12.50

62.50

Philips 11W LED Stick Tube E27 (Daylight 6500K)Essential | Lazada

5

TOTAL 5.00

RESOUCES/NOTE https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2 F%2Fwww.lazada.com.my%2Fproducts%2Fhazzle18w-e27-3u-bulbi1032792232.html&psig=AOvVaw2DtU6ErSm3CxpE1i veaD4Z&ust=1652193433721000&source=images&c d=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCOj4tqnS0vcCFQAAAAA dAAAAABAR COWELL NORDIC MODERN LOFT HANGING AMBER GLASS PENDANT LIGHT | Lazada ⭐1 MONTH WARRANTY⭐ LED Surface Downlight 12W / 18W / 24W / Round / Square / Warm / White Daylight / 6 , 8.3 , 11 inch | Shopee Malaysia

PART B: VAC FOR BEDROOM & WALK-IN WARDROBE QYT RATE (RM) 1 365.00

NO. 1

DESCRIPTION PANASONIC CEILING FAN

UNIT NOS

2

Daikin 1hp Non-Inverter Wall Mount Air Conditioner FTV28V1E

NOS

1

1,079.00

1,079.00

3

Daikin Closet FTKH28B/RKU28BLF 1.0HP SMARTO Premium Inverter Air Conditioner

NOS

1

2049.00

2049.00 Daikin FTKH28B/RKU28BLF 1.0HP SMARTO Premium Inverter Air Conditioner (Deliver within Klang Valley Only) | Lazada

NO. 1

DESCRIPTION

Schneider Avatar Gang 1 Way Switch

UNIT NOS

PART C: SOCKETS & SWITCHES QYT RATE (RM) 6 85.50

TOTAL 365.00

RESOUCES/NOTE [F-M14CZ] CEILING FAN (56") 4 BLADES FM14CZVBKH (panasonic.com) Daikin 1hp Non Inverter Wall Mount Air Conditioner FTV28V1E | Lazada

TOTAL 513.00

RESOUCES/NOTE Schneider AvatarOn 1/2/3/4 Gang 1 Way Switch with LED indicator, White | Lazada

2

Simon 39 series 10A 2 Gang / 3 Gang / 4 Gang 1 Way Switch

NOS

2

10.79

21.58

Simon 39 series 10A 2 Gang / 3 Gang / 4 Gang 1 Way Switch | Lazada

3

CHICKETTI Wall Mounted Movable Rotary Touch

NOS

1

30.91

30.91

CHICKETTI Wall Mounted Movable Rotary Touch Incandescent Bulb Knob LED Dimmer Switch Dimmer Switch Controller Light Dimmer Switch Lighting Control | Lazada

4

Schneider Electric Affle Plus 13A Twin Gang Switched Socket White

NOS

2

22.20

44.4

Schneider Electric Affle Plus 13A Twin Gang Switched Socket White | Lazada

LEGEND WARDROBE SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

SHOWER DRESSING/ STUDY TABLE

BATHROOM

WARM YELLOW DOWN LIGHT

WARM WHITE PENDANT LIGHT

CH2620 COOL LIGHT FLUORESCENT LIGHT

CH2730 AIR CONDITIONER

W/C

CEILING FAN

SINGLE GANG SWITCH

BEDROOM CH2730

SIDE TABLE DOUBLE GANG SWITCH

TRIPLE GANG SWITCH

SINGLE SWITCHED WALL SOCKET

KING SIZED BED DOUBLE SWITCHED FLOOR SOCKET

BOL PL

BEDROOM OLD FURNITURE LAYOUT AND REFLECTED CEILING PLAN SCALE 1:50

EXISTING DESIGN

W/C L1 L3

L3

LEGEND

L3

SHOWER

SYMBOL A/C 1 L1

BATHROOM

WALK-IN WARDROBE

CH2620

L2

CH2730

L3

DOUBLE VANITY L2

L4

DESCRIPTION

WARM YELLOW DOWNLIGHT

WARM WHITE FLUORESCENT LIGHT

CLEAN WHITE LED RECESSED LIGHT

L4

WARM WHITE LED DOWNLIGHT (2700K-3000K)

L5

AMBER NO BLUE WARM DIMMABLE PENDANT LIGHT

L6

COOL WHITE LED DOWNLIGHT

A/C 1

L4

DIAKIN CLOSET AIR-COND

BEDROOM CH2730

A/C 2

L5

AIR-COND

CEILING FAN

KING SIZED BED SINGLE GANG SWITCH

L6 DOUBLE GANG SWITCH

L5

SINGLE TWO WAY SWITCH

L6 DRESSING/ STUDY TABLE A/C 2

SIDE TABLE

PROPOSED DESIGN BNL PL

BEDROOM NEW FURNITURE LAYOUT AND REFLECTED CEILING PLAN SCALE 1:50

DIMMER

DOUBLE SWITCHED FLOOR SOCKET

SINGLE SWITCHED WALL SOCKET

BACHELOR OF (HONS) IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE BUILDING SCIENCE AND SERVICES BDL 62304

ASSIGNMENT 2 INDOOR COMFORT DESIGN AND ‘INVENTION’

STUDENT: CHONG CHIAO YEN | 0348073 LECTURER: MS. SHARON TEH AI PING SEMESTER: SEM3 INTAKE: MARCH 2022

TASK 2A: Recording and measurement of 4 facings of external walls of chosen building.

Students are required to, a) Identify the facings (N, E, S, W) of the 4 external walls b) Identify their materials c) Measure their dimensions d) Measure each wall’s internal and external temperature at 3 different times of the day. 7 a.m., 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. e) Calculate the heat transfer rate for each walls f) Identifying the wall panel which has the highest heat gain/most utilised space in Part 2A Conclusion then relate it to Part 2B.

FLOOR PLAN OF SELECTED ROOM & WALLS

FLOOR PLAN OF SELECTED ROOM

R- Value: What is the R-Value for Concrete? | Total Concrete

WALL A (EAST)

Wall A (EAST) Material: Concrete Measurement: Length – 2438mm Height – 2743mm Thickness – 150mm Area of Wall: (A1) Length x Height (2438 x 2743) = 6,687,434mm² = 72ft² (A2) Length x Height (2591 x 2743) = 7,107,113mm² = 77ft²

Time 7a.m.

12p.m.

5p.m.

Exterior ℃/℉

Interior ℃/℉

28.8℃ / 83.84℉ 31.5℃ / 88.7℉ 30.6℃ / 87.08℉

27.2℃ / 80.96℉ 31.2℃ / 88.16℉ 30.1℃ / 86.18℉

Heat Transfer Rate of Wall R Value of Wall = 1.11 q=wall area x (exterior – interior) 1.11 7a.m.

Wall A1 q=6,687,434mm² x (83.84℉- 80.96℉) 1.11 q= 17,351,180.11 BTU/hr

Wall A2 q=7,107,113mm² x (83.84℉- 80.96℉) 1.11 q= 18,440,076.97 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (17,351,180.11 + 18,440,076.97) = 35,791,257.08 BTU/hr

12a.m.

Wall A1 q=6,687,434mm² x (88.7℉- 88.16℉) 1.11 q= 3,253,346.27 BTU/hr

Wall A2 q=7,107,113mm² x (88.7℉- 88.16℉) 1.11 q= 3,457,514.432 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (3,253,346.27 + 3,457,514.432) = 6,710,860.702 BTU/hr

5p.m.

Wall A1 q=6,687,434mm² x (87.08℉- 86.18℉) 1.11 q= 5,422,243.784 BTU/hr

Wall A2 q=7,107,113mm² x (87.08℉- 86.18℉) 1.11 q= 5,762,524.054 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (5,422,243.784 + 5,762,524.054) = 11,184,767.84 BTU/hr

WALL B (SOUTH)

Wall B (SOUTH) Material (Wall): Concrete

Material (Window): Aluminium panel(50mmTHK)

Measurement (Wall): Length – 6096mm Height – 2743mm Thickness – 150mm Measurement (Window): Upper Window Length – 559mm Height – 673mm Thickness – 30mm Lower Window Length – 559mm Height – 660mm Thickness – 30mm Corner casement window Length – 546mm Height – 2261mm Thickness – 30mm Area of Wall: (6096 x 2743) – (559 x 673) – (559 x 660) – (546 x 2261) = 14,741,675mm² = 159ft² Area of Window: (559 x 673) = 376,207mm² = 4.05ft² (559 x 660) = 368,940mm² = 4ft² (546 x 2261) = 1,234,506mm² = 13.29ft²

Time 7a.m.

12p.m.

5p.m.

Exterior ℃/℉

Interior ℃/℉

28.9℃ / 84.02℉ 32.5℃ / 90.5℉ 31.5℃ / 88.7℉

27.5℃ / 81.5℉ 32℃ / 89.6℉ 30.8℃ / 87.44℉

Heat Transfer Rate 7a.m.

Wall q=14,741,675mm² x (84.02℉- 81.5℉) 1.11 q= 33,467,586.49 BTU/hr

Window q=1,979,653mm² x (84.02℉- 81.5℉) 1 q= 4,988,725.56 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (33,467,586.49 + 4,988,725.56) = 38,456,312.05 BTU/hr

12p.m.

Wall q=14,741,675mm² x (90.5℉- 89.6℉) 1.11 q=10,331,087.8 BTU/hr

Window q=1,979,653mm² x (90.5℉- 89.6℉) 1 q=1,781,687.7 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (10,331,087.8 + 1,781,687.7) = 12,112,775.5 BTU/hr

5p.m.

Wall q=14,741,675mm² x (88.7℉- 87.44℉) 1.11 q=16,733,793.2 BTU/hr

Window q=1,979,653mm² x (88.7℉- 87.44℉) 1 q= 2,494,362.78 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (16,733,793.2 + 2,494,362.78) = 19,228,155.98 BTU/hr

WALL C (WEST)

Wall C (WEST) Material (Wall): Concrete

Material (Window): Aluminium panel(50mmTHK)

Measurement (Wall): Length – 3048mm Height – 2743mm Thickness – 150mm Measurement (Window): Length – 2636.62mm Height – 2261mm Thickness – 30mm Area of Wall: (3048 x 2743) – (2636.62 x 2261) = 2,399,266.18mm² = 26ft² Area of Window: (2636.62 x 2261) = 5,961,397.82mm² = 64.17ft²

Time 7a.m.

12p.m.

5p.m.

Exterior ℃/℉

Interior ℃/℉

26℃ / 78.8℉ 32.5℃ / 90.5℉ 31.5℃ / 88.7℉

25.8℃ / 78.44℉ 32℃ / 89.6℉ 30.8℃ / 87.44℉

Heat Transfer Rate 7a.m.

Wall q=2,399,266.18mm² x (78.8℉- 78.44℉) 1.11 q= 778,140.383 BTU/hr

Window q=5,961,397.82mm² x (78.8℉- 78.44℉) 1 q= 2,146,103.215 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (778,140.383 + 2,146,103.215) = 2,924,243.598 BTU/hr

12p.m.

Wall q=2,399,266.18mm² x (90.5℉- 89.6℉) 1.11 q= 1,945,350.957 BTU/hr

Window q=5,961,397.82mm² x (90.5℉- 89.6℉) 1 q= 5,365,258.038 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (1,945,350.957 + 5,365,258.038) = 7,310,608.995 BTU/hr

5p.m.

Wall q=2,399,266.18mm² x (88.7℉- 87.44℉) 1.11 q= 2,723,491.339 BTU/hr

Window q=5,961,397.82mm² x (88.7℉- 87.44℉) 1 q=7,511,361.253 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (2,723,491.339 + 7,511,361.253) = 10,234,852.59 BTU/hr

WALL D (NORTH)

Wall D (NORTH) Material (Wall): Concrete

Material (Door): Solid Wood

Measurement (Wall): Length – 3354mm Height – 2743mm Thickness – 150mm Measurement (Door): Length – 915mm Height – 2100mm Thickness – 41mm Area of Wall: (3354 x 2743) – (915 x 2100) = 7,278,522mm² = 78.35ft² Area of Door: (2100 x 915) = 1,921,500mm² = 20.68ft²

Time 7a.m.

12p.m.

5p.m.

Exterior ℃/℉

Interior ℃/℉

26.5℃ / 79.7℉ 32.3℃ / 90.14℉ 30.5℃ / 86.9℉

26.2℃ / 79.16℉ 32℃ / 89.6℉ 30.2℃ / 86.36℉

Heat Transfer Rate 7a.m.

Wall q=7,278,522mm² x (79.7℉- 79.16℉) 1.11 q= 3,540,902.595 BTU/hr

Door q=1,921,500mm² x (79.7℉- 79.16℉) 1 q= 1,037,610 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (3,540,902.595 +1,037,610) = 4,578,512.595 BTU/hr

12p.m.

Wall q=7,278,522mm² x (90.14℉- 89.6℉) 1.11 q= 1,945,350.957 BTU/hr

Door q=1,921,500mm² x (90.14℉- 89.6℉) 1 q= 1,037,610 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (1,945,350.957 + 1,037,610) = 2,982,960.957 BTU/hr

5p.m.

Wall q=2,399,266.18mm² x (86.9℉- 86.36℉) 1.11 q= 1,167,210.574 BTU/hr

Door q=5,961,397.82mm² x (86.9℉- 86.36℉) 1 q= 3,219,154.823 BTU/hr

Total Heat Transfer = (1,167,210.574 + 3,219,154.823) = 4,386,365.397 BTU/hr

Conclusion It can be seen that Wall B has the highest heat transfer rate among others.

Wall B being the longest of all, is most likely to trap heat both externally and internally. In addition to that, ceiling fan is located and concentrated at one end of Wall B making the other end of the wall’s section suffer a lack of air ventilation/circulation which leads to the result of having difficulty in heat dissipation.

However, dispite of the heat transfer rate, Wall C which has the greatest access to sunlight throught the full height casement windows turs out to be the most problematic among all due to large surface area being exposed to sunlight directly allowing heat to enter the room easily. Hence, I would like to proceed my model for Part 2B using Wall C as my reference wall.

TASK 2B: Passive/Green Insulation Product Development Using the critical wall identified from Part 2A, students are to come up with an original idea design solution to reduce the heat transfer. a) Evidence of quantitative benefit (reduced heat transfer etc) should be included in the report and verbally presented during the formal presentation. b) Costs of materials, tools needed to make the final product such be included in the report. ie.(receipts and evidence, calculations of costs) c) At the end of the report, a handwritten ‘financial value of the design idea’ reflection should be filed in an empty A4 paper

Materials 1. Balsa wood It is cellular by nature, vessels run along the axial direction, making it difficult for heat to flow outwards across the radial and tangential grain hence keeping area cool.

2. Polystryne board It has small air bubbles trapped inside them. This makes them very good insulators because heat energy can't flow through them.

3. Bubble wrap Works similarly as polystyrene board as both contain small air bubbles.

4. Empty plastic bottles & caps They are one of the best heat insulator as they have virtually no free electrons available for conduction mechanisms like metals.

Tools 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Glue gun Blade Scissor Cellophane tape Cutting board Spray paint (silver, red, green) Velcro tape

Process of Prototype Making

Cut wood into 40cm(Length) x 17cm(Height) for making a rectangular frame

Empty the plastic water bottle x9 and let it dry completely from the inside out

Glue 2 pieces of wood together using glue gun. This is to allow the frame to be stronger hence do not break easily

Measure the length of polystyrene board required to fit into the wooden frame using a correct measurement wood panel accurately measured for the frame earlier

Polystyrene board divided into 3 then further resize each of them according to the measurements required

Collect the water bottle caps and cut a hole in the middle of the cap using a blade.

Smoothen the edges to complete

Stick the wood panels on top of one and other to form a rectangular frame. Repeat this process for the other 2 frames

Glue the polystyrene board at the back of the frame and cut 3 holes in each board. Size of the holes are measured using according to the bottle cap radius

Cut the plastic bottles into half and further refine them to the height required. In this case, the required height would be 9cm

Spray plastic bottles into silver using spray paint Plastic bottle caps are divided into a group of 4 and 5 4 caps were painted red whereas the rest were green Let them dry off completely

Try to fit the plastic bottle into the holes on polystyrene board. Adjust the size of hole if necessary

After fitting all plastic bottles into its respective holes, cut small holes at the side of each wood frame to allow insertion of 20mm metal ring This is to enable 3 modular to hang onto each other when being used. The purpose of using metal ring to hook them together is to allow greater flexibility in terms of installation as they can be easily separated

Cut bubble wrap and roll it until it matches the height of the plastic bottle

Paste them at the side of each model

Stick 3 woods together to paste on top of the model

Form a row of fencing using ice cream stick for covering both sides of the model

Side covering done

Place the plastic bottles and caps in the respective holes

Buckle them up

Final Model Outcome

Temperature Differences (Interior): Without panel: 32℃ With panel: 30.4℃

Receipts

Total spending from ACE : RM92.40 However,only very little Single Layer Bubble Wrap Roll is being used.

Approximately with the cost of RM7.50

Total Spending from Art Friend: RM186.66 However, only few items being used: Balsa Sheetx20 = RM130 RM5.90 Metal Ringx2 = RM11.20

*Other items are all available at home. Bought them for Sem 1 IAD I Prototype. *Other items bought from Art Friend has not been used since I decided to change my prototype after that.

Cost of Materials Size of panel: 1.3ft x 0.6ft = 0.78ft² Approximate(≈) number of panels needed for windows on Wall C: Area of Window: (2636.62 x 2261) = 5,961,397.82mm² = 64.17ft² (≈) number of panels needed: 64.17ft² x 0.78ft² =50 ft² (≈) cost for windows to be filled: =RM7.50+11.20 =RM32.93

Design Value

Initial Design Sketches/Drafts

Planned to build a rectangular frame with plastic tube from balloon stick as plastic itself is a good heat insulator.

Strings were to be used by crossing over one and other repeatedly until minimal gaps are left in the rectangular frame.

Wooden panel to make a rectangular frame as it would be much stable compared to the previous idea using plastic balloon stick.

Intended to use ice cream stick to fill up the frame with the idea that wood is a material for heat insulation.

Another layer of wooden frame with exact same dimension was intended to be glued at the back of the first layer and the frame filled with strings will be at the second layer.

This was to allow more flexibility in terms of material choices.

Conclusion The room is so much cooler after using ‘DIY Eco Cooler’. It allows us to open the window for better natural air ventilaton throughout the day. The thick polystyrene board and wood frame makes perfect material combination for heat insulation. With that, it helps to block huge part of the sunlight. In addition to that, the heat in the room has been reduced substantially as the hot air being filtered through the plastic bottle, making the air much cooler by the time it enters the room.

Reflection Throughout the process of building this prototype, I’ve changed my mind on design ideas twice before I reach this final design. Quite a sum of money wasted as the materials and items I bought earlier did not match with my current idea. I’d say one of the challenges I faced during this process was having a dreadful race with time especially when the semester has come close to the end where loads of projects awaiting to meet the deadlines.

However, I felt most satisfied,not happiest, with my final prototype compared to the previous ideas even though there is still plenty of rooms to improve. I’d love to do better if I’m allowed to. Having said that, I very much regretted to not put my hands on starting my prototype as early as possible which is definitely an important aspect where I need to improve on.

Furthermore, I’m truly ammazed by the transformation of a product starting from scratch to its completion and also impressed by its result which successfully reflected my analysis and research. It is valuable as it allows us to realise that anyone is possible to come out with amazing ideas and innovations. For instance, the type of model we built which can be used in everyday life.