Contents xi
Tables 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 3.1
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5.1 5.2 A1.1 A1.2 A2.1 A2.2 A2.3 A2.4 A3.1 A4.1
Slum Population as a Share of Urban Population in Africa and the World 18 Urban Population with Access to Water Supply and Sanitation 2000 and 2010 20 Annual Average Capital Expenditure for African Utilities 21 Africa’s Urban Population, Number of Cities, and Percent of Urban Population 35 Estimated Cost of Droughts and Floods in Kenya 37 Cities, Water, and Climate Change in 2050: An Indicator Approach to Understanding the Risk for 31 Cities 80 Key Characteristics and Location of Nairobi, Kenya 84 Key Characteristics and Location of Mbale, Uganda 90 Key Characteristics and Location of Arua, Uganda 97 Key Characteristics and Location of Douala, Cameroon 105 Stakeholders and Participants at the Workshops and Consultations for the Three Case Studies 110 Principles of Integrated Management: Evaluative Questions 115 Principles of Sustainable Management: Evaluative Questions 116 Water Utilities That Responded to the KAP Survey 129 Municipalities That Responded to the KAP Survey 130 Cities and Selection Criteria 141 Main Data Sources 149 Calculation, Definition, and Codification of Intervals 154 Variables and Indicators Representing the Challenges and Capacities of Cities 155 Selection of Indicators for the 31 Cities Diagnostic 158 Imagery Used to Classify Urban Extent for Each City and Each Time Period 177