Contents ix
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 B2.7.1
B2.8.1 B2.9.1 2.1 B2.11.1 3.1 3.2
3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
Population Living in Slums in Africa Density of 31 African Cities Compared to Reference Cities Water Consumption per Capita Supplied by Utility and Continuity of Piped Water Supply Coverage of Water Services, by Budget Quintile Increase in Annual Water Demand (2005 to 2030) Disappearing Lake Chad: A High-Profile Case of Diminishing Surface Water Sources, 1972 and 2007 Availability of Fresh Water per Person per Year by Country in 2007 Buildings at Risk due to Gully Erosion, Omagba, Nigeria Current and Future Population in African Cities Exposed to Drought Water Storage in Africa (m3 per Capita) Increased Frequency and Impact of Reported Disasters in Africa Dual Benefits of Water Fit for Purpose: Reduced Consumption of Fresh Water and Reduced Wastewater Discharge Water Sources for Windhoek, Namibia Existing Urban Water Supply and Future Groundwater Source for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Resource Recovery from Wastewater Lavatory and Wastewater Treatment Plant with Installed Biogas Generation Facility in Naivasha, Kenya Issues Included in Current Plans, and Issues African Leaders Think Should Be Included in Future Plans Involved Parties in the Consultation Process of Urban Water Management: From the Municipality and Utility Viewpoints Cities in Africa Selected for the Diagnostic Urban Water Management Challenges versus Institutional and Economic Capacities Comparative Indicators for Urban Water Challenges for 31 African Cities Illustration of Future Urban Extent for a Mature City and for a Fast-Growing City Illustrations of Future Urban Extent for Two Coastal Cities in Areas Vulnerable to Flooding from Rising Sea Level
18 19 22 23 24 25 27 29 30 32 33
52 53 56 58 59 65
66 67 69 71 76
77