viii Contents
Boxes 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
2.10
2.11 2.12 4.1
Integration of Water Resource Management, Water Supply, and Sanitation: Polokwane, South Africa Watershed Management and Water Supply: Payment for Ecosystem Services in Heredia, Costa Rica Integration across Legislative and Strategic Frameworks: South African Integrated Development Plans A Holistic Approach to Urban Planning: Indore’s Slum Network Project Public Participation in Allocating Scarce Water: The Eastern Australian Experience Cascading Use of Water for Urban Agriculture: Accra, Ghana Water Fit for Industrial Use: Durban, South Africa Combining Water Fit for Purpose and Security through Diversity: Windhoek, Namibia An Innovative Approach Leads to the Discovery of the Kimbiji Aquifer, a Potentially Important Water Supply Source for Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System as an Effective Technology to Improve Sanitation: Trapeang Sab Commune, Cambodia Wastewater as a Source of Energy: Naivasha, Kenya Flexible Design of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Systems: Xi’an, China The Tatu Real Estate Project in Nairobi, Kenya: An Opportunity to Test the IUWM Approach
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57 59 60 89
Figures 1 2
3 4 1.1 1.2
Urban Water Management Challenges versus Institutional and Economic Capacities Schematic of a Possible Integrated Water Supply and Sanitation System for a Future Development Area in Arua, Uganda Proposed Staged Development of Alternative Water Sources in Nairobi, Kenya, 2010 to 2035 Responses to KAP Survey from Water Operators and Municipalities in Africa Trend in Urbanization in Africa Level of Urbanization and Urban Population Growth Rates in Africa
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8 9 11 17 17