Modern Gymnast - June/July 1967

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NOTES FROM THE EDITOR: CONTENTS VOLUME IX

JUNE· JULY, 1967

Nos. 6 & 7

NOTES FROM THE EDITOR ................................ Glenn Sundby GUEST EDITORIAL .............................................. Abe Grossfeld CHALK TALK .............................................................................. THE STAMP AND GYMNASTICS ...................... Harry Johnson CANADIAN REPORT ............................................. .John Nooney EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHIPS .................... Dr. Joseph Gohler U.S.GJ. :CHAMPIONSHIPS ..................................... .Frank Bare MEN'S AAU CHAMPIONSHIPS .......... ....... .... ..... .Jerry Wright WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP ROUTINE .......................... Menichelli 1967 WOMEN'S AAU CHAMPIONSHIPS .................................. 1967 WOMEN'S COLLEGIATE CHAMPIONSHIPS .................... GYMNASTICS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ..A. Bruce Frederick RESEARCH AND FITNESS IN GYMNASTICS .... Dr. James Bosco LET'S TEACH ROUTINES ................................ Dr. Bill Vincent SOME Sf ODlNG ·TECHNIQUES FOR PARALLEL BARS .......... Arlynn Anderson GYMNA~TIC AIDS .................................................... Don Tonry PROGRESSION FOR THE EAGLE ........................ Roger Gedney CONDITIONIi'i-: FOR COMPETITION ...................... Dick Wolfe HELEN'S: CORNER ...... ........................................ Helen Sjursen LEITERS .................................................................................... Y·NEWS · .................................................................... Ken Hollis MG SCOREBOARD ....................................................................

5 6 8 8 9 10 12 13 16 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 28 29

COVER : ~teve Hug, up and coming yo ung f ifteen year o ld All-Around gymnast f rom Sout hern Ca lifornia . Steve just graduated fro m Jr. High Sch oo l and was among the qual if iers for the Pan Am Trials in Mrnnesot q.

GLENN

~UNDBY

......................... ... ................. Editor-Publisher

ASSOCIATE EDITORS A. BRU CE FREDERICK .............................. ............. . Educotion DR. JAMES S. BOSCO ........... ...... .. ........................... Reseorch DICK C ~ ILEY ...... ......... ... .................................... .... .. Stotistics J 1M FARKAS ........................................................ Instruction JERRY WRIGHT ................. ................................. Competition FRANK L. BARE ............................................................ USGF JESS ROBINSON ...... ................. ... ........ .................. Trompoline ROY DAVIS ................................................................ Judging JACKIE ,KLEIN UPHUES .. .... ........... .. ................ .. ......... Women KENNETH W. HOLLIS ........................................ ........ YMCA KEN SAj<0DA ....................................................Art & Design INTERNATIONAL JOHN NOONEY .......... ......................... ..... .... ............ ...Conado DR . JOS~ PH GOHLER ...................... ......... ................. Germony THE MODERN GYMNAST is published by Sundby Publications , 410 Broadway, Santa Monica , Ca lifornia 90401. Second class postage ))<lid at Santa Monica, Calif. . Publis hed monthly except bi-monthl y in April , Ma y, June and Jul y. Price $5.00 per year, 50¢ s ingle copy : Subscr iption correspondence to; THE MODERN GYMNAST,P.O.Box 611, Santa Monica, California 90406. Copyright 1967 c all rights reserved by SUNDBY PUBLICATIO NS, 410 Broadway , Santa Monica, Calif. All pictures and manusc ripts submitted become the property of THE MODERN GYMNAST unless a return request a nd suffic ient postage are included . :

BEAT BOARD: It would seem our GYM FORUM and GUEST EDITORIAL in the past two editions of The MODERN GYMNAST made a few waves. At least from the calls and letters we have rece ived there have been a few differences of opinion. This is good, we want our MG readers to "Speak out" this is part of the point and purpose of the MG, it lets off steam. Also many coaches, officials and gymnasts' render our sport a service when they bring to light opinions, new ideas, and experiences that may lead to discussions and eventual rule changes beneficial to the growth of gymnastics. Big thoughts such as event, equ ipment and scoring changes, little thoughts of chalk dust, flashbulbs and trophy presentations, construc· tive ideas not just gripes, positive suggestions not just per· sonal negative babbling help us go forward. I

THE NCAA, USGF, AAU and even the International FIG body do not have all the answers, but they expect their officials to keep pace with the majority views and trends (well most of them), feel the pulse of the sport and take the necessary action. Sometimes it takes awhile to follow through and make changes and sometimes as with the trampol ine they act too fast and catch everyone off balance. PERSONALLY SPEAKING, I for one would like to see more em· phasis on the all·around event in college and high school coaching and competition, but then again I like all gymnastic events including trampoline, tumbling and rope climbing. Fact is I would even like to see competition in acrobatics, hand· balancing and syncronized apparatus work in America as they now have in many countries in Europe. This however is just my opinion. THE MAIN POINT is that there have been many changes in Gymnastics in past years and there will continue to be changes in the years ahead and part of our obligation as editors of the MG is to report and bring to the attention of our readers suggestions and changes .. . . whether we necessarily agree or not. HOW DO YOU FEEL about local, national, international com· petitions, event sequence, all·around, equipment specifications, judging, scoring, head judge, deductions, judges con· ferences, warm·up time, seeding, rotation, opening cere mo· nies,announcing, footwear, short or long pants for floor ex· ercise, trophy stands, photographers, newspaper reports, meet results, video tapes, films, posters, music, crowds, leotards, camps, clinics, exhibitions, coed gym activities, artistic gym· nastics, modern gymnastics, syncronized gymnastics, mass gymnastics, sanctions, travel permits, the MG or what have you? These are just a sampling of subjects that could be a point of discussion in "Beat Board", "Gym Forum", "Speak Out" or any other title that may fit the situation. If YOU have something to say let us hear from you. Your opinions will help us plan our future editorial trends in the M.G. . . and the most interesting, stimulating, unusual or provocative ideas from our readers will be published in coming editions of the MG. Clever cartoons and gymnastic quips will also be welcome, remember, "One picture (or cartoon) can be worth a thousand words" and "many a truth is spoken in jest." COACHES, do you have a pet item or .point about gymnastics that you have been wanting to get off your chest for days, weeks or years? If it is worth taking time to write down it may well be worth while material for our " GUEST EDITORIAL" to be shared with thousands of gymnasts around the world.

GUEST EDITORIAL

CONSIDERATIONS FOR COACHING OUR NATIONAL TEAM By Abie Grossfeld Men's Coach of U.S. World Championships Team Dortmund, Germany -1966 I have been requested to relate my experiences as coach of the U.S. World Championships Team. The following are those considerations that I felt were most pertinent. I will begin by recounting the preparatory program, then move into our performance in Dortmund and what we can look forward to in the future. Having been a member of past international teams, many thoughts ran through my mind when I first accepted this position, but foremost was what it would take to place third. (It has been well known for years that Japan and the USSR have had such a commanding lead over the rest of the gymnastics world that to think of placing first or second would have been highly unrealistic.) After some deliberation limited by the time available for training, the answer lay primarily in two factorsconsistElllcy and execution. The day after the final tryouts last summer, we proceeded to the training site at Penn State University. One of my first considerations was to determine the final six man team so that all knew their place. It was made clear that an obvious or unusual circumstance such as a serious injury or a miraculous improvement would mean a change. The following items were considered in determining the alternate: (1) The final tryouts were under FIG rules using four judges involving a stress situation most closely simulating that of the World Championships which well indicated the competitors reliability. (2) Each man should know his status "early" to provide for better intrateam relationships. (3) The period of time from the final tryouts to the Championships. (4) The progress of improvement and performance level of each gymnast. At the training site, my plan had to be altered due to unexpected and yet dispensable circumstances. Rather than fret over unanticipated and hindering difficulties, I suppressed personal upsets, considered the effect of an action on our ultimate objective-optimum performance during the Championshipsand readjusted the program to best suit the existing situation. A constant reminder of the ultimate objective was my guide throughout the training period. The basic principle in determining the training program was to consider individual differences. Reminiscing about the problems of past international teams, considerably influenced my plan which attempted to account for the various temperaments, training methods and extraneous obligations. In setting up the training schedule, my first consideration was to attain a high level of team condition to better insure consistent performance in Dortmund. I began by standardizing one method of executing the compulsory exercises for the purpost of implicating disciplined training-an important trait to display in gymnastics. Then, after screening for individual weaknesses, I attempted .to eliminate all the obvious, easily remediable faults in execution (poor rhythm, asymmetrical alignment of . the limbs and head, awkward movement and posture, positions and static parts not properly held, lack of hip and shoulder extension, etc.) and routine structure and, subsequently, to improve the more difficult techniques. For example, compulsory parts generally troublesome were: increasing height on the front vault mount on parallel bars, lifting and extending legs and hips on the forward undercut on side horse, stooping through with straight legs on horizontal bar, and gaining height and fluency in tumbling). The basic training schedule, used as a guide since most of the gymnasts frequently had to deviate slightly in order to train most efficiently, was as follows: Monday, compulsory parts; 6

Tuesday, optiona,l parts; Wednesday, compulsory halves overlapping; Thursday, optional halves overlapping; Friday, compulsory routines; Saturday, optional routines; Sunday, rest. The flexibility of our schedule was an outgrowth of my constant concern to avoid injuries. Also posted each week was a questionnaire pertaining to diet, rest, ailments and training-for informative and motivational reasons-which each gymnast filled out daily. Motion pictures were taken of the final tryouts and of one of the three practice meets including a recording review, as they performed, of their faults with corrections. I was against a pre-Dortmund dual meet; however, when the meet with Norway, weak gymnastically, came through, I reconsidered the opportunity but was still hesitant mainly because of competition strain and increased chance of injury just ten days prior to the Championships. Since the team was in favor of the competition and it might prove to be a final genuine opportunity to work out minor difficulties, I conceded. I knew the team was ready physically when we arrived in Dortmund. Now the problem was to instill in the team the right frame of mind. I informed the team on what to expect hoping to guard against loss of morale. I was constantly aware that the proper attitude the day of competition was the key to attaining our optimum performance. Consequently, the team attitude was such that each man was ready to do his best, and he knew that the other men were pulling for him. Backtracking to before the World Championships, our hopes of placing third were dimmer than in previous championships. Especially since Germany had done so well in Tokyo comfortably placing third and moreover, had improved since then. Our chances of placing even fourth , fifth or sixth were not too bright since most of the other European teams had improved markedly. The German press slated us for eighth place but, as it was, we managed sixth place. We missed fifth place by merely twotenths of a point and fourth place by eight-tenths of a point. This minute difference was from over 550 points. Since we came so close to a higher position, the tendency is to reflect back and see where we could have made up the difference. Even though we performed ' comparatively well in Dortmund, we did have five or six definite errors in execution, out of seventy-two exercises, costing us over two points. East Germany beat us by over ten points which was not due to their greater consistency or routine structure but, rather,was due to their superior execution and raw difficulty. Our one month training period and dual meet with Norway (U.S. 561 , Norway 551) prior to the World Championships helped to condition us and eliminate numerous faults. This was demonstated in the Championships by the fact that our team had the fewest major breaks of any team. One point of interest: we were also the only team where all six men went through their side horse optional routines without a major break. The only consolation after the Championships is that our team was the most consistent team and was so close to teams (Poland and Czechoslovakia) rated significantly superior to us. Americans want to know why we cannot place first. Why be content with fou rth? We gymnasts are not content with fourth , third, or even second. Gymnastic programs are beginning to take hold throughout the United States in schools at all levels. Our rate of improvement is accelerating, and the time might not be too far off before the Americans start breaking into the winners' circle. However, as time shortens to the Mexico Olympic Games, the chances of placing third become less. If the entire United States gymnastics community did all that is known, our desired end would be achieved.

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N.A.C.G.C. NAMES OFFICERS At their meeting in Carbondale, illinois, the members of the National Association of College Gymnastic Coaches elected 路 Dr. J. Hubert Dunn, Northern Illinois University gymnastics coach their new president:. Other officers elected at the annual meeting were Carl Schwenzfeier, Air Force Academy, as vice-president aI\d Dr. Eric Hughes, University of Washington, as secretary-tr.easurer.

Bonnie Maxwell

Philippine Nationals One gold medal and one silver medal plus competitive experience were brought back to the U.S. Naval Base at Subic Bay in the Philippines by daughters of U.S. personnel stationed there. Six girls participated in the Philippine National Gymna.s tics competition. Michelle Holdreith earned a first in the (elementary) floor exercise with her 9.53 and Bonnie Maxwell took a second in the (secondary) floor exercise with a 9.43. Bonnie had been a member of the Southern California Acro Team. In addition to these girls. Sandy J ohn son, Sharon Duncan, Maureen Holdreith and Sue Athley r epresented Subic Bay for the first time in a Philippine gym nastic meet. The six girls are coached by Special Services dan ce instructor Mary Ell en Holdreith. "WHAT'S NEW IN GYMNASTICS?" If yo u're still act ive as a competit o r, coach or iostructor, don't miss out on an entire,l y new concept in a gymnastic accessory.!....-Write today for an introductory offer to : Modern Lines, P.O. Box 953, Clark, N.J. 07066. Include your name, address and zip.

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arid Gymnastics By Harry Johnson South Eugene H.S. , Eugene, Oregon PHOTO SET NO.7 In 1952 East Germany issued a stamp honorin g Friedrich Ludwi g J ahn , probably for politi cal contributions to German history more than anything else. To the gymnastic enthusiast, however, J ahn is the " fath er of gymnasti cs". He was r esponsibl e for inventing almost every piece of apparatus known to men's Olympic co mpetition today. Also illustrated is an imperforate and a perforate stamp of the sa me design issued by Bulgaria. One of the most beautiful sets ever issued was that of East Germany commemoratin g the 3rd European Women's Gymnastic Championships. Descriptions : 1. Yugoslavia #704-706 a. still rin gs (#706 ) b. parallel bars (#705) c. side horse (#704) d. 5th European Gymnastic Championships (Belgrade, Yugoslavia) e. 1963 f. full set of three stamps 2. Ecuador #C432 a. horizontal bar b. 18th Olympic Games (Tokyo, Japan) c. 1964 d. one stamp in a set of four souvenir sheet exists 3. Bulgaria # 1l16, # 1l22 a. wom en's fl oor exercise (#1l16 perforat e) b. women's floor exercise (#1l22 imperforate) c. 17th Olympic Games (Rome, Italy) d. 1960 e. each stamp is one of a set of six 4. German Democratic Republic # 1l0 a. Friedrich Ludwig lahn (The " F ather of Gymnastics") b. 100th anniversary of th e death of Jahn 0778-1852) c. 1952 d. single stamp issue 5. San Marino Note: scratch thi s stamp ; it is a hi gh jump stamp that got into the photograph by accident! 6. North Viet Nam # Yvert 135-136 a. women's floor exercise p. 1958

e.

c. full set of two stamps 7. German Democra ti c Republic #555-557 a. balance beam (#556) b. women's fl oor exercise (#555) c. uneven parallel bars (#557) d. 3rd European Women's Gymnasti c Championships (Leipzig, Germany ) e. 1961 f. full set of three stamps Next month: Some "crude" form gymnastics> from Mali, Brazil, and Lebanon.

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REPORT

by fohn Noon ey 18 Lavington Dr. Weston, Ontario

HERE AND THERE Mr. Jim Worrall has been named as the Canadian member on the International Olympic Committee to replace Sid Dawes who has resigned because of age. Our congratulations, Jim. Mr. von Martiny has informed me of his appointment on the St. Francis Xavier University staff. Von is well known in the California area and is a very competent gymnasti c coach. He will grea tly assist us here in Canada with the promotion of the sport. Welcome to Canada, Von. One coming up and one going down . . . Mr. Geoff Elliot has left for Berkeley to study at the University of California for one year. Lots of luck, Geoff. Paul Viney of Calgary will become chairman of the Alberta Association. ACCOLADE I would like to mention the fin e work of Horst Galle, the Chairman of the Toronto Harmonie Gym Club. The Harmonie Gym Club is one of the oldest gym club ~ in Canada havin g been found ed in 1954. Week aft er week and year after year, this club introduces many young Canadians to the Sport. Horst Galle has always been a willing worker and guiding light while receiving very little acclaim for his effort s. We badly need gymria stic people like Horst in the Sport. Thank you, Horst. OUR GYMNASTS AT THE NORTH AMERICANS Ri ck Kinsman fini shed second in trampolirie. He is a member of the Canadian Armed Forces and is stationed in Camp . . Borden, Ontario. Roger Dion took a second in the lon~ horse vault and fini shed 12th in the men's all-around placin gs. Roger placed thi fa last year at our Nationals in Manitobh. He is from Quebec City. Susan McDonnell, a product of the Winstonettes Gym Club, Toronto, and now attending Centenary College in the U.S., placed third in vaultirig and third in the unevens. Gail Daly from Saskatoon, Sask .; placed second on the unevens and third on the Balance Beam. She is now attendin g Southern Illinois University in the U.S. Our women placed well in the all-Rround : Gail Daly tied for third ; Susan McDonnell was sixth; Diana Masse ninth; Glenna Sebeysten 10th ; Sandra Hartley 11th ; Barbara Thompson 12th. Our men fared less well: Roger Dion took 12th, Rick Kinsman 14th, Bern Krudwig 17th and J. Hoyle 18th.

PAN AMERICAN TRIALS- MONTREAL Great credit is due to the organizin g committee of the Quehec Gymnastic Association under the chairman ship of Mr. Jacques Chouinard for an excell ent two day trial. The hi ghli ghts must have been the superb performances of Susan McDonnell. (What an improved gymnast ) and Syd J ensen, a junior at the University of Mi chigan , who placed third in the men's all -around with steady routines. A few mi shaps including an injury to Gil Larose and to Susan Hartley spoiled things just a little, hut neith er injury is serious. Both had been showing fine form until the injuries. My report would not be co mplete without a big welcome back to ; cO)11pelitipn to Rich Montpetit who placed . second. Rich will bring a great deal of experience to this team and so will Cal Girard, always a steady performer. Roger Dion, who placed first, continues to improve meet after meet. He is a fin e gymnast. This team now has a combination of experience and youth, and , if given the training time together under National Coach Willi e Weiler, may prove to be one of the most balanced team s we have ever put together. Trainin g time is a must if we are to place above the Mexicans and the Cubans in Winnipeg. The wom en's team should be strong. Glenna Sebeysten scored hi gh in second behind Susan McDonnell and Susie Clou~ tier placed third. Marilyn Minaker in fourth and Barbara Thompson in fifth are grat prospects. Gail Dayl and Diane Masse did not compete. The National Coach, Mrs. Marilyn Savage, has three of our own girls, and, kriowing these girls, this could help out. It looks like a very good team , but a ~ain training camp is a must. Worilen's placings-AA : S. McDannel (Ont), G. Sebeysten (Sask) , S. Cl outier (Que), M . Minaker (ant) , B. Thompson (Ont), L. Mayhew (Sask), L. Bird (BC) . FX: McDonnell, Seb eysten, Mjnaker . UPB: McDonnell, Sebeysten, Minnaker. B: McDonnell , Cloutier, Sebeysten. SHV: McDonnell , Cloutier, Sebeysten . Men's placings-AA: R. Dian (Que), R. Montpetit (Que) , S. Jensen (Que), A . Simard (Que), C. Girard (Que), R. Kinsman (Ont), B. Broo ker (Ont). FX: Dian , Simard, Kinsman . SH: Montpetit, Dian , Girard . HB : Dian, Montpetit, Jensen. LH : Dian, Montpetit, Jensen. _ PB: Dian, Montpetit, Simard . R: Dian, Simard , tie between Jensen and Montpetit. ..

NATIONAL SPORTS CENTRE Below is the questionnaire sent out by the Canadian Amateur Sports Federation. At long last something is being done, discuss this very important matter and send some of your ideas etc. to our Chairman R. Ga gnier. 1. Should we plan one National Sports Centre, or several Regi onal ones? 2. Should we plan one National Centre with Federal support and 10 Provincial centres suppo rted b y their Prov incial governments , with the Nati onal Centre being restri cted f o r t op coaches and athletes? . 3. It has been suggested that administrativ e assistance could be av ailable from this National Centre to th ose sports who wish to u se it . Would your sport be interested? 4 . What路 facilities would be necessary to properl y ser ve your sport? 5. To Qenefit your sport how many peop le do y.ou calculate would use th e Centre at any 路o ne time-Male? Female? 6. What time of the year would be required for your spo rt? . 7. Is there a regular time when you compete abroad and how many people do you send? 8. Do . you think it is possible to persuade Prov incial educational authorit ies to allow stud~ nts time off for say three weeks of trolf')lng and enable them to catch up using special classes on their return? 9. Do you feel we should suggest a pil ot Centre for the training of coaches onl y as the initial program? 10. It has been suggested that a pilot scheme f or both coaching and athletic training be tried first, ut ilizing three un iversity facilities, one East, one West and one Central, for an approximate 6 week period in the Summer, either by directly subsidizing the univ.ersity or by assi st ing the university in .the dev elopment of its own facilities. Do you think this scheme wou ld work? 11. It " ha s been suggested that the ultimate ideal for a National Sports Centre should include a fir st class school covering approx imatel y the secondary school age. Thus we could develo p the cream of our athletes to their best potential with out into;> rfering with their education . What is your opinion?

NOW AVAILABLE JUDGES CORRESPONDENCE COURSE FOR WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS The New Jersey A.A.U . Women's Gymnastic Comm ittee have compiled a judges correspondence course covering all four women's events, floor exercise, balance beam, side horse vaulting and uneven bars. The course contains the latest rules and regulati ons and the latest, up to date penalties for errors, all under one cover, and explains how to judge. A test is included w ith answers, each sea led in a separate envelope, plus a scale for grading you r own paper. This course, an ex cellent supplement to practical judging, has been compiled for your. convenience since many women, who w ish to become qualified judges, may be t ied up with family obligations or other personal reasons , making it impossible fo r them to attend several outside judges sessions in order to qualify. The course also includes judging the beginners and intermediates in which area . most- of us will be involved . After studying the course, you may take. the test privately and at your convenience, to see how you rate. When you feei' confident, get in touch with any of the :-members of the N.J . AAU Women' s Gymnastic Committee (or committee in your '. own state) for information on qualifying; to judge actual competitions. T.his cou rse can also be of helpful use to the coaches and gymnasts since the latest ru les, regulations and penalties for errors are all under one cover. The cost is $3.00 plus 20 cents postage and handling . Order from Helen Sjursen , 46 Poplar Place, Fanwood , N .J . 07023 (check, payable to Helen Sjursen, must accompany order).

- - - - - - - - - ORDER BLANK- - - - - -_. Helen Sjursen, Chairman N.J. A.A .U . Women's Gymn. Comm.

46 Poplar Place Fanwood, N.J. 07023 Name-_ __________________________ Address _______________________ Women's All-Ar ound placings in Canadian PanAm trials : 1. Susan McDonnell (Ont), 2. G. Sebeysten (Sask), 3. S. Cloutier (Que), 4 . M . M inaker (Ont), 5 . B. Thompson (Ont), 6. J. May hew (Sask).

______________________

~Zip------

Please send me _______ copies of the "JUDGES CORRESPONDENCE COURSE FOR WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS." Enclosed is a check for

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A17t~ ~

ALL-AROUND THE WORLD

EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSH I PS The Seventh European Cup held in Tampere, Finland, was a great success, thanks to the efficiency and organization of the hosts. A large gym, the best apparatus, and an organized schedule combined to offer the athletes the r equired performance facilities. Voronine's well-earned win was due above all to the flawless' precision of his not-toorisky performance, whereas Lisitsky risked much more, but his work was lacking the master touch. Menichelli made slight progress although he was down on his luck in the final s. Due to a shoulder injury Cerar was still somewhat behind with his training schedule. As for the Kubica brothers from Poland, Nicholai was in better shap~ than his brother who so far has been more successful. The East German athletes, Brehme and Dietrich, were not quite able to repeat their top performance of Dortmund but did not at all disappoint . . The Norwegian, Storhaug was as steady in his work as ever while EU ROPE A ~

Lisitsky

CHAM P I O ~SH IPS

Competitor 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15 . 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2 1. 22 . 23 . 24. 25 . 26. 27. 28 . 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

Voronine, USSR

Lis itsky, USSR Menichelli , Ita ly Cerar , Yugoslavia Kub ica, M., Po land Brehme, E. German y Kubica, W., Pol a nd Storhaug , Norway Ca rminucci, Ita ly Dietrich, E. Germa ny Jonsson, Sweden Gu iffroy, Fra nce Berchto ld, Switz. La ine, Finl a nd Kadar, Rumania Kub icka, Czech. Ada mov, Bu lgaria Kissel, Yugoslavia Bischof, W. Germany Bouchannet, France La iha, Finland Roseng ren, Sweden Belenguer, Spain Prodanov, Bulgaria Jaschek, W. Germany Gjerstad , No rway H urzeler , Switz. Williams, England Reithme ier, Austria Lorems, Spain Stuchl ik, Austria Trenholm , England Adreu, Portugal Mihaiuc , Rumania Hybler, Denmark Mihl, Belgium Reitzentha ler, Czech .

Floor Ex 9.50 9. 15 9.60 9.3 5 9.40 9.05 9.10 9.30 9.00 9.05 9.15 9.00 8.80 9.55 8.55 9 .30 8 .95 8 .95 9 .1 5 8.85 9.25 8 .85 8.60 8.70 8 .80 8.75 8.75 8 .80 8 .60 8.60 8 .65 8.85 8.95 9.20 8 .50 7.85 8.30

FOR

Side Horse 9.80 9.45 9 .30 9 .50 9 .40 9.25 9.35 9.25 9.00 9.40 9.00 9.40 8.80 7.50 9.00 9 . 15 8.25 8.45 8.30 9.10 9.35 9.00 8 .80 9 . 10 8.55 8.80 7.75 8.30 8.60 7.45 7.35 7.70 7.45 6 .00 5.00 7.00 5.25

ME ~

Still Rings 9.75 9.65 9.65 9 .55 9.50 9.40 9.25 9.10 9.40 9 .25 9.25 9 .00 9.10 9 .20 9 .10 7.95 8.95 9.05 9. 10 8.45 9.20 9 .20 9. 10 9. 15 8.55 8.75 9. 05 8.45 8 .25 8.70 8 .25 8.20 8.40 8 .10 8.05 8 .05'

I~

TAMPERE.

FI~LA~D

Long Parallel Horizontal Total Bars Bar Horse 9.70 58.00 9.55 9.70 9 .70 9.60 9.75 57.30 9.55 9 .60 9.55 57.25 56.90 9.40 9.55 9.55 56.40 9.3 5 9.40 9.35 9.20 9 .25 9.55 55.70 9.20 9.50 9.20 55.60 9 .35 9 .3 5 9.20 55.55 9. 15 9.60 9.35 55.50 9 .30 9.05 9.40 55.45 9.30 9.30 9.40 55.40 9 .00 9.35 9.30 55.05 9 .25 9 .25 8.85 54.05 9 .10 9.35 9.25 53 .9 5 9. 10 9.15 9 .05 53 .95 9 .20 9.20 9.10 53.90 9 .35 9.15 9.20 53.85 9 .00 8 .90 9.20 53 .55 9.20 9.30 53.55 8.50 9.40 9 .20 8 .40 53.40 8 .70 9.30 7.50 53.3 0 9.15 8.70 8 .25 53 .15 8.70 9. 10 8.75 53.05 8.05 8.75 9 .30 53.05 9.15 9.00 8.60 52.65 8.95 8.15 8.85 52.25 8.75 8.20 9.20 51.70 8.70 8 .25 8.80 51.30 8.50 8.00 8 .90 50.85 50.80 8.90 8.75 8.40 9.00 8.75 8.40 50.40 8.75 7 .5 0 49 .70 8 .70 9 ..00 8.45 7.35 49.60 9. 15 8.80 8.30 49.55 8.55 8.45 8 .05 46.60 8.70 7.45 6 .50 45.55 8.05 30.15 8.55

Voro nine

Finland's Laiho had bad luck once more. lack Guenth ard's Swiss boys surprised all. Roumania presented a promising youn g talent, Mihailuc. The Czechs had a run of bad luck. There became evident a trend to the effect of evaluating higher the faultl ess, technically路 perfect exercise than one dis路 playing daring and risk unless accompanied by perfect execution. Compared to the Worl d Championships the judges were stricter, and Lhis wa due to still better technical knowledge. It paid to strive for perfect execution in preference to addin g another " C" part. The meticulous judging lengthened the proceedin gs too much. The FIG should endeavor to make the competition more attractive for the spectators who want life and activity. Praise is due the Finnish F ederation, the International Gym nastic Federation, the gymnasts, the judges for their objectiveness, and the spectators for their readiness to reward any good per路 forman ce with warm applause.

The report and photos on t hese pages are reprinted from the OLYM PI SCHE TUR NK UNST magazine edited by Dr. Josef Gohler and pub li shed by W ilhelm Limpert-Verla g Gmb H, Frankfurt/ Ma in, Germa ny. Th is f ine Int ernati ona l Gymnast ic magazine is pub lished bi-monthly (6 issues a year) with text in German , French and Eng lish. USA subsc ript ion rate, $5.50 per year. Contains e xcellent phot os, off icia l FIG reports along with t ech n icol sk il l diag ra ms in eac h edit ion. (Wat ch fo r a nnounce ment of specia l subscription offer to OLYMP ISC HE TUR NK UNST fo r MG readers . . . soon .)

Floor Exercise 1. Laine, Finland 2. Me nichell i; It a ly 3 . Ku b ica , M., Po l. 4 . Storhaug , No r. 5 . Lai ho, Fi n la nd 5. Ku b icka, Czech. Side Horse 1. Voro nine, USSR 2. Cerar, Yugo. 3 . Dietrich, E. Ge r. 4 . Guiffroy, France 5. Kubica , M., Po l. 6. Lis its ky, USSR Still Rings 1. Voron ine, USSR 2. Lis its ky, USSR 3 . Kubica, M., Po l. 4 . Ce rar, Yugo. 5. Brehme, E. Ge r. 6. Menicheli i, Ita ly

EVE NT WINNERS Prel im Score Finals Total 9 .5 5 9.60 19. 15 9.60 9.50 19 .10 9 .4 0 9.40 18 .80 9 .3 0 9.40 18.70 9.25 9.20 18 .45 9 .30 9. 15 18.45 9.80 9.50 9.40 9 .40 9.40 9.45

9.75 9.70 9.50 9.35 9.25 8.85

19. 55 19.20 18 .90 18.75 18 .65 18.3 0

9 .75 9 .6 5 9.5 0 9.5 5 9.40 9.65

9.65 9.75 9.60 9.45 9.25

19 .40 19.40 19.10 19.00 18 .65 18.40

8.7~

Pre lim Score .9 .70 2. Adamov, Bulgar ia 9.35 3. Dietrich, E. Ge r. 9.30 4 . Sto rhaug , Norway 9 .35 5. Kubica , M., Pol. 9.35 6. Menichelii , Ita ly 9.55 Parallel Bars 9 .70 1. Vo ronine, USSR 2. Meniche li i, Ita ly 9.60 3 . Carm inucci, Ita ly 9 .60 9.60 4 . Lisits ky, USSR 5. Brehme, E. Ger. 9.55 5. Cera r, Yugoslavia 9 .55 Horizontal Bar 9.7 5 1. Lisits ky, USSR 9 .70 2. Voro nine, USSR 3 . Cerar, Yugoslav ia 9.55 3. Menichell i, Ital y 9.55 5. Dietrich, E. Ger. 9.40 5 . Kubica , M., Po l. 9.35 Long Horse

1. Lisitsky, USSR

Finals 9.50 9.425 8.875 8.80 8.75 8.50

Total 19.20 18 .775 18. 175 1815 18. 10 18.05

9.70 9.70 9.60 9.55 9.45 9.45

19.40 19.30 19.20 19.1 5 19.00 19.00

9.70 9.70 9 .60 9 .60 9.40 9.45

19.45 19.40 19.15 19. 15 18.80 18.80

1967 USGF CHAMPIONSHIPS

United States Gymnastic Federation Nation~1 ChampionsMps The Fifth U.S.G.F_ National Championships were held in two phases during the month of April. First, the University of Arizona hosted the All-around championships in Tucson, Arizona April 13-15, while two weeks later, the Individual Champion-

ships were conducted at the Uni ersily of Iowa. Both sessions held trampoline competitions. , Eleven all-around men competed at Tucson_ Katsutoshi Kanzaki of Northeast Louisiana won top honors and in the fi nal event championships notched victories in floor exercise, high bar, and parallel ,ars_ His high bar routine was the highliglh of the meet with a 9_8 score_ Other winders were Paul Mayer (SH), Fred Dennis R ), and lack Kenan (LH ). Of the twelve trampo-

linists at Tucson, Dale Hardt (SIU) came out on top. Final standin gs in the Tucson competi路 tion were as follows : AA: Katsutoshi Kanzaki (NE La) r08 .85, Bob Dickson (Iowa) 107.25, Rick Tucker (SIU) 106.85, Fred Dennis (SIU) 106.05, Jack Kenan (Ariz) 104.40, Neil Schmitt (103 .80 ). FX : Kan zaki 18.45, Jeff Bennon (Ariz) 18.30, Tucker 18.25. SH: Paul Mayer (SIU) 18.025, Kanzaki 17.975, Bennon 17.375. Tr: Dale Hardt (SIU) 19.40, Julian Stov all (Ariz) 18 .175, Steve Chap-

(III) 17 .85 . HB : Kanzaki 19. 125, Schmitt 18 .80, Denn is 18.525. LH: Kenan 18.375, May er 18.1125, Jim Howard (LaCrosse) 18. 10. PB: Kanzaki 18.90, Kenan 18.65, Tu.cker 18 .175. R: Dennis 19.075, Dickson 18.80, Kanzaki

pie

18.70.

In the Individual Event Championships held the last weekend in April at the University of Iowa, the followin g specialists earned top honors: FX: Ron Aure (MSU), Chuck England (I owa),

Paul Omi (Iowa), SH: Dav e Doty (Ariz), Keith M cCanless (Iowa), Jack Ryan (Colo) . HB : Jerry Fontana (I SU) , Neil Schitt (I owa) and Rick Tucker (SIU) tie . LH : Sid Jensen (Mich)( England, Rich Scorza ( Iowa). PB: Tom Go dsborough (I owa), Ron Rapper (Mich), Fontana . R: Don Hatch (Iowa) , Fontana, Tucker.

U.S.G.F. Trampoline Champion, Dale Hardt defended his Tucson title successfully by coming out on top in a double elimination challenge match. In second place was Homer Sardina (lSU ) and .in third Mike Zepeda (Iowa ).

13

MAY 4·6, 1967 NATCHITOCHES, LOUISIANA by Jerry Wright With record entries in both men's and women's divisions, the 1967 National AAU Championships got off to a enthusiastic start Thursday morning at 9 a.m. with those gymnasts entered in the AAU na· tional championships going through the Olympic compulsory routines. The follow· ing day those gymnasts competing in the National AAU meet were joined by those choosing to compete only in the Pan Ameri· can trials, and both groups went through their optional routines. At stake here, too, was the possibility of being selected to compete in Tokyo in the World University (Student) Championships. The top three in the optional competition were to be sel· ected for this honor. Saturday evening, be· fore ABC·TV's Wide World of Sports and before some 3,000 spectators, the finals were conducted in all the men's events ex· cept tumbling and vaulting. . The tumbling and vaulting finals were held Friday evening with the following reo suits: The vaulting event brought about the only real questionable judging incident of the entire meet in that Sei Ito performed vaults that were definitely over·scored, due primarily to the seating arrangement of the judges (especially the very undesir· able position which the rules stipulate for the superior judge-facing the vaulter head·on.) The vaultin g was also marred by the fact that the vaulters did not know until the last minute that they would be required to perform 4 vaults. It was felt that Makoto Sakamoto should have won the event in spite of these obstacles. In the tumbling event, the spectators were treated to some of the finest tumbling this meet has ever sponsored. Ron Aure missed his front series but followed this with three very clean routines including a double back with no spotter. Tom Proulx of Pasadena City College was up third and was sensational with RO·FF·B·FF·double back, also with no spotter and ended with front step out·RO·FF·back withlh twist·RO· FF·B to immediate front. He was followed by David Bedard who did RO·FF·B·FF·B· FF·double back again with no spotter, but he spoiled it all with about the worst full twists this observer has ever seen. The following night's competition was started with floor exercise and Kanati AI· len, who performed well except for his third sequence of a cartwheel which not only fail ed to add anything but ruined the entire routine. Roethlisberger was next and looked weak next to Allen except for a strong cartwheel·side somersault series and a strong finish. Richard Lloyd, a fellow really worth watching, was good but had many faults, necessitating a judge's conference. Ito had a very weak finish following an indifferent routine. Makoto scored 9.55 on an excellent routine that had a real fast press. Hayasaki scored a somewhat ques· tionable 9.6 on a routine that had both good and bad parts. On the still rings Amerine was excellent but for some reason did not receive a high score. Lynn was weak on everything. Gar· cia looked good with a great giant but weakcned considerably at the finish. Saka· moto looked great but was a little short on his shoot to handstand. Ito was perfect for a 9.7 and received a standirtg ovation for the hometown audience when he went to the awards stand. Hayasaki missed much of his routine including a high cross and failure to hold an attempted planche. On the parallel bars Lynn started with a good routine except for a .3 form break on a simple forward pirouette. Hayasaki was clean aside from trouble with his

14

Yoshi Hayasaki

Arna Lascari

peach-hand mounL Amerine's forte was a perfect one-arm handstand_ Roethlisberger had only one "c" and scored 9.2 on a 9.8 routine. Lascari missed his peach-hand mount and blew a back-over-bar. Tonry did not do anything well and missed his second "c" by not stopping in his one-arm attempt. Allen suffered a major break on a cast support to pirouette. The final trampoline competition was beautiful with no major breaks and almost no minor breaks among 6 contestants. Miller showed an excellent open-piked barani out mount; Youngue performed an excellent double twisting cody as did Dave Jacobs who even piked down out of his. On the side horse there were three major breaks out of 6 routines. Hayaski led off with a fine routine which suffered major deductions only on his break into scissors. Richard Lloyd followed with an even better routine which suffered the same deductions for lack of harmony in breaking into scissors. James Yearwood, a college freshman, suffered all the way through his routine and ended 'with only one "C". Lascari was excellent with high clean work for a 9.4. Kanati Allen suffered all sorts of breaks and even " had the gross error of doing a feint to regain composure. Makoto followed with a 7.4 score that should just about explain itself: The final event of the evening was the horizontal bar, and a fine display it was. Lascari performed welf and finished with his patented delayed barani. Ito suffered a .2-.3 break on a risky % giant hop change. Hayasaki suffered . what was his only major break of the entire meet in this event. Makoti>, suspected 'of not having enough difficulty by one judge, apparently fulfilled all the requirements on an otherwise excellent routine. Kanati Allen was up last and rushed a little through an exciting routine that ended with a piked fly-away with full twist which was overturned. As a result of the first Pan American Games Trials for the selection of the United States Team, the following qualifiers advanced to the finals. In addition to these men several others have been given permission to compete in the final trails due to missing the preliminary trials. Marc Cohn 106.90, Arno Lascari 106.60, Bob Lynn 105.70, Dave Thor 105.55, James Amerine 105.20, James Culhane 105.05, Sid Freudenstein 104.95, Abe Grossfeld 102.90, Rich Grigsby 101.50, Barry Weiner 100.95, Gary Diamond 98.85, Dan Garcia 98.20, Jack' Kenart 96.25, Joe Fedorchek 96.20, Steve Hug 95.80. The following student athletes w'e re selected to represented the United States in Tokyo this summer in the Student Games : Makoto Sakamoto (USC), Kanati Allen (UCLA) , Sid Freudenstein (Cal), Arno Lascari (U. Wise.), as alternate: Dave Thor (MSU), and Coach: Ron Barak (USC) . AAU photos courtesy of Fred Mortines AAU National Championships-Men's placings Team Standings: Northwestern Louisiana State 32.25, Univ. Southwestern Louisiana 16.50, New York Athletic Club 10.50, L. A. Turners 5. 10, Pasadena City College 4 .5 . AA : Yoshi Hayasaki (Seattle Y) 110. 10, Makoto Sakamoto (USC) 109.80, Arno Lascari (Unatt) 108.49, Fred Roethlksberger (Mil. Turn .) 108.40, Sei Ito (NW La) 107.45, Kanati Allen (UCLA) 107.25. FX: Sakamoto 18.950, Hayasaki 18.925, Ito 18.775. SH: Lascari 18.575, Richard Lloyd (NW La) 18.00, Hayasaki 17:750. HB: Sakamoto 19.025, Roethli sberger 18.30, Ifo 18.275. LH: Ito 18 .825, Sakamoto 18.800, Jim Amerine (NYAC) 18.550. PB: Hayasaki 18.475, Lascari 18.450, Don Tonry (NYAC) 18.425. R: Ito 19.400, Sakamota 19.045 , Hayasaki 18.975. Tr: Dave Jacobs (Unatt) 19.375, Jim Youngue (USL) 19.225, Wayne Miller (USL) 19.00. T: Tom Praul x (PCC) 17 .2 5, Odess Lavin (MAV) 17.00, David Bedard (NW La) 17.00.

15

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XOH'l'IIWES'I'EHN STATE COJJ,J:(i/; ,\'ATCIIlTOCIlES loA.

6

1967 WOMEN'S AAU CHAMPIONSHIPS Team standings : Southern Illinois University 29.5, Centenary College 14.0. .AA : Carolyn Hacker (So Conn) 71.733 , Linda Metheny (Mc Kinley Y) 71.501, Joyce Tanac (Seattle Y) 70.334 , Kathy Gleason (Buff. Turn .) 70.003, Susan McDonnell (Cen) 6 7.801, Donna Schaenzer (SIU) 67 .300, Jaanne Hashimoto 67.299 , Janie Speaks (Cen) 67.233 , Debbie Bailey (Unatt) 65 .901, Marie Wa lther (Unatt)

64.766 . FX: Metheny 18.5502, K. Love ly (Cen) 18.20, Tanac 18.0665. SHY: Hacker 17.934, Judy Wi lls (SIU) 17.930, Gleason 17.897. BB: Hac ker 18.234, Metheny 18.067, Gleason 18.050. UPB : Metheny 18 .80, Hacker 18 .601, Gleason 18 .367 . Tr: Wills 27.95, Nancy Smith (SIU ) 26.40, Vicki Bo ll inger (Cen) 26.35 . T: Wil ls 9.05 , Schaenzer 7.95, Wendy Cluff (SCATs) 7.50.

WOMEN 'S COLLEGIATE CHAMPIONSHIPS April 7-8 , 1967 Southe rn Illinois University Class A-Champ ion ship Div is ion Team : Southern Illinois Univers ity, Centenary Co ll ege o f Louisiana, University of New Mexico, Kent

State

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J

82nd ANNIVERSARY CONV. OF AAHPER A Search for Concepts A convention is many things. Dependin g on your personal motivation, it is a place to see old friends, a chance to go out for a quiet meal away from the kids, an opportunity to discuss and listen, an attempt to sell a book (and hop efully a magazine ) and the occasion for gaining insights to powerful ideas which seem significant in the days that follow. The Las Vegas Convention of the Am erican Association for H ealth, Physical Education and Recreati on (March 10-14) might have been any of the above but its importan ce and its meaning revolved around its theme, " Education is Our Business". It is logical to ask, therefore, " What is the business of education? " Some of the sessions seemed to be aimed directly at this question. It is not possible for one person to listen to all of the excellent presentations at a large notional convention but one can come away with general impressions about its total worth. Two of the impressions I had of Las Vegas were intertwined with the subj ects of movement and learnin g. Physical educators are discuss in g and doin g things about "movement". There are diverse views on the meanin g of movement. Men in the profession have not warmed up completely to the ideas behind the goals of the " movement peopl e". Many of them pass it off as a new branch of the dan ce tree. Others are interested but because the ladies give them so much to chew on, at times there is confusion. To those of us in gymnastics, however, the new emphasis on movement should be watched closely. Programs built around the movement theme closely parallel gymnastic programs and it is likely that more emphasis will be given to movement in the futur e. Elementary section meetings at the Convention emphasized movement and we have seen this subj ect included on the programs of all of th e AAHPER District Convention s as well. Let us hope that physical edu cators will n ot become stymied by the semantics of movement as they seemed to be during the "fitness boom" when they asked such question s as, "Fitness for what?" and "What kind of fitn ess ?" My second great impression of the Convention was the emphasis given to learnin g and its nature. There seems to be emergin g in education a genuin e,- scientific search to learn the meaning of learning. " Basic C~m cepts of T eachin g" was a presentation that I'm sure shed some li ght on new ideas about learnin g, subject matter and curriculum. Th e speaker, Dr. Asahel D. Woodruff, Dean of Educa tion of the University oi Utah, had much to say. My impressions of hi s paper, fortifi ed by my opportunity to .listen to his speech several tim es on tape, are record ed below. Dr. Woodruff had been involved in - a home economi cs proj ect. He drew hi s ex ampl es and references to prac tical a pplications of theory from that area. For our purposes I have substituted what I believe are parallel examples from the fi eld of gymnastics.

20

by A. BRUCE FREDER ICK WISCONSIN STATE UN IV. DEPT. OF P.E. & ATHLETICS SUPER IOR, W ISe. 5488 1 Basically, I have substituted the forward roll for the preparation of chicken croquettes. BASIC CONCEPTS OF TEACHING Educators seem to be moving away from impressionistic to scientific theories of learning. It should be recognized that this does not always include the many inno-

vative ideas and tools that have very recently been developed in conjunction with Federal grants in education. Educational television and programmed instruction for example are innovative but they are adjunctive to the kinds of new knowledge referred to by Dr. Woodruff. Eras of impressionism are well known in the history of physical education in the United States. We are currently emerging from the "fitness" boom. We could easily fall victim to thoughtless programs quickly devised to accommodate the "movement" theme. We should attempt, says Dr. Woodruff, to absorb some of the new knowledge offered by the foundation fields of philosophy, psychology and anthropology. It is now possible to use these relatively recent findings to evolve a meaningful educational program. Some of the business of the educator must involve changes in the behavior of students. It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to prove that a student has developed a habit, an attitude or indeed ideas (concepts) due to our efforts. We can only

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speculate about such intangibles. On the other hand we can see the development of behaviors which are changed or shaped by directed experiences in the classroom or gymnasium. Dr. Woodruff suggests that we attempt to define behavioral objectives for our programs. What do we expect a student to be able to do as a result of our teach· ing? Using our gymnastic example . . . "Do we develop an appreciation for gymnastics in our students or do we teach a forward roll?" Perhaps we do both but we can only prove the existence of one. THE HUMAN COMPUTER Dr. Woodruff compared the learner to a cybernetic system . . . a human computer. Assuming we have a number of untrained subjects, how is the cycle of cybernetics affected by the teaching of a forward roll? The sensors (eyes, ears, proprioceptors) receive signals or stimuli which we shall refer to as imput. The subject sees a for· ward roll or feels it partially by simply rolling to and fro on the back. This imput is stored and organized in the nervous systcm. He now has a percept ("feeling about") of the forward roll. He might store it with information like the function of wheels and tires or the time he doubled up (tucked) with the pain of appendicitis. This organized imput (storage) may then be used to make decisions about a forward roll. If it is associated with pain, he may balk. If his rolling movement has been crooked, he may make an adjustive move· ment referred to as output. He may per· ceive that he is crooked or it may be pointed out to him by the teacher or some other student. If his roll is corrected or shaped, his proporioceptors will pick up new imput or feedback which is the feel· ing of straight rolling. Such feedback is then stored in his nervous system. Thus he has reinforced his percept of the forward roll. He has shaped or changed his be· havior with respect to this relatively simple act of doing. "Our job as teachers," says Woodruff, "is to be concerned with that which is stored." We can help the student shape and discover by stimulating new imput thus helping to develop changes in behavior. Storage of the imput about a forward roll can occur in four ways according to Dr. Woodruff. Two of the important ways information and other imput can be stored have to do with (1) conditioned instrumental acts and (2) concepts. CONDITIONED INSTRUMENTAL ACTS AND CONCEPTS Conditioned instrumental acts and con· cepts are continuously interacting along a continuum 6r scale ranging from low variability to high variability. The other two variables (symbolic signs and sounds and data or factual material) are subordinate to these. Concepts such as those associated with religions are highly variable. Conditioned instrumental acts are low in variability. The way we pray for example might be a conditioned instrumental act which is a small portion of the contribution to our concept of religion. We would classify the tucked forward roll as a conditioned instru· mental acts which falls within our concept structure for gymnastics. The gymnastic concepts an individual forms are developed by specific behaviors and many, carefully selected conditioned instrumental act s which make up the total imput or storage for this area. Naomi , Allenbaugh of the Ohio State University has suggested the existence of four general concepts of movement which we might examine at this point. If valid, they should be representative of great variability from which we might plan for

specific conditioned instrumental acts r eo sulting in measurable behaviors. We will once again use the forward roll to refine the thoughts involved.

"MAN MOVES TO SURVIVE."

forward roll can be taught as a simple mechanical act with no more value than is fre9u ent.l.r i,!!plied b~ our critics in the various true academic areas such as English and History.

Our subject could possibly relate the forward roll to situations of personal danger when his body fall s out of control. With proper training in falling he is able to demonstrate various rolling techniques to offset the dangers. The forward roll is merely one of these. Several years ago I suggested to a group of first graders that they roll in as many ways as possible. With pencil in hand I jotted down at least twenty-five different kinds of rolling. I learned that many of the children already had related rolling to ways they might fall down.

"MAN MOVES TO DISCOVER AND UNDERSTAND HIS ENVIRONMENT." Our subject will quickly discover if he can or cannot perform the forward roll. Whether successful or not, the attempt to perform in a variety of ways gives our subject additional information about his selfimage. He emerges with a deeper perception of himself. He should begin to understand that people are not born as physical equals. Some will learn to roll very easily; others will not. The attempt at many different gymnastic movements will further reinforce the concept 06 capability in personal performance as well as the variability in the performance of others. Since gymnastics offers such great variety in movement it may be thought to contribute a great deal to the ultimate development of this concept as compared with other activities with more limited skills.

"MAN MOVES TO CONTROL AND ADJUST TO HIS ENVIRONMENT." "As the center of gravity passes the forward edge of the base the force of gravity is added to the force produced by the legs and the body is pulled downward. (A lever with a constantly changing fulcrum-at various points along the spinal cord-is activated.) Since the body is well rounded it rolls forward. As long as it is kept rounded, friction is the only force acting to slow its momentum. Grasping the lower legs is one method of resisting the tendency of centrifugal force to extend the body. (The writer does not mention the effect of centripital force.) When the performer has rolled to the point where the feet are on the mat, extension of the body, which greatly lengthens the radius of rotation, slows the rotary velocity, making it possible to stop the center of gravity above the feet and thus regain a standing position." Marion Broer Efficiency of Human Movement Saunders 1961 p. 298 Certainly all of the physical principles referred to above are environmental conditions with which the learner can become acquainted with. If the forward roll our subject performs contributes to the concept of environment in the form of meaningful behavioral imput, he may be able to draw upon the knowledge later on in his physics class when he is involved with understanding the three classes of levers. I do not mean to imply here that we begin teaching physics in the elementary school but I suggest that there is seldom if ever an attempt to clarify some of these principles to young children as they perform relatively simple movements. The question , "What makes you roll faster?", can be solved by first graders who discover for themselves the relative velocities of a roll in the piked and tucked positions. Otherwise treated, the

"MAN MOVES TO COMMUNICATE." If our subject performs a forward roll smoothly, with grace and rhythm or perhaps with an emphasis on strength (press to handstand with slow roll-out to deep pike), such stylish interpretations of a forward roll can be com muni cated to observers who may perceive these qualities without being aware or concerned with the movement per se. The reaction of the performer to the observation of others (a judge, a teacher or a fri end) gives his some basis to assess his own performance. Before we get swallowed up by all of this I should mention that one of the panel of reactors to Dr. Woodruff's remarks expressed some degree of embarassment that the bulk of our work in physical education is the teachin g of movements which may be generally classifi ed as conditioned instrumental acts. Responding, Woodruff calls our attention to the fa ct that concepts are formed by the storage, evaluation and ability to choose from many combinations of conditioned instrumen tal acts. It follow s logically that if we do our work well, the chances for conceptualization (utilizing ideas for decision making where variability is high) are better than if such simple acts were not experienced by the learner. The intimate relationsh ip of mind and body in the developin g child dictates that body movements (even our seemingly insignificant forward roll) will contribute to conceptual development. I suppose we can be content with simply teaching forward rolls. It's much simpler that way. But it is healthy to think once in awhile about the impact of one's work. The variety we offer through gymnastics is something which we can also refl ect upon as a real educational contribution. In the next issue, I will continue with the discussion of Dr. Woodruff's speech. Specifically we will have an opportunity to refl ect on his developmen t of an idea for planning instructional units aimed at changing behavior. As a preview to thi s discussion think about the following quote, "There are four kinds of behavior which are common to all fields of learning: 1. Identifying things. 2. Carrying out diffi cult patterns of doing. 3. Performing small operations with or without instruments or equipment. 4. Making decisions abou t so methin g and executin g the decisions." A. D. Woodruff-AAHPER Convention Las Vegas 1967 21

, ~

RESEARCH AND FITNESS IN GYMNASTICS by James S. Bosco, Ph.D. San Jose State College

TH E USE OF INSTAN T ICE FOR PREVE NTIO N OF BLISTERS ON THE H AN DS J oe Brown and Bernard Johnson The Journ al of The Association For Physical and Mental Rehabilitation July路August, 1%6 Purpose The purp ose of this study was to determine, under experimental conditions, the effeeti veness of a blister prevention method usin g instan t ice ( to assure a constant tempera ture and to in cr ease the rate of cooling ) fo r cooling hot-spots on the hands of subj ects performin g ki p ups on the high bar for a total of fiv e minutes. S u bjects The subj ects for this study were eight male students at the University of K entucky. Me thodology The eight stud ents were randomly divided into two groups of four each. One group was designated as the experimental group and the other was designated as the control grou p. Both group s performed on the same day an d under the same ex ternal conditions. The experimental condition was the application of instant ice to the hands of the experim ental subjects before and after their kip ups and on any hot-spots developed durin g the ex perimental subj ect's performance. Each subj ect in both the experimental and control groups did kip ups for one minute, and after a one 路 minute's rest, the subj ect repeated kip ups until he had been involved for a total of five minutes. The number of hot-spots, absence or presence of blisters, time dropped out of action , and number of kip ups don e within the five minute lim it were r ecorded for each subj ect of the experimental and control groups. Th e subj ects in the control group perform ed kip ups until blisters formed or un til their hands became so uncomfortable th ey could not continue. At this time, the subj ect's number of kip ups and the amount of parti cipation time were recorded. T hose subj ects in the ex perim ental group re portin g hot-spots wi thin a one minute tri al were immedi ately sp rayed with instant ice until the stin gin g sensation subsided, and then they r eturned to perform ance of kip ups.

22

H ypotheses It was first hypothesized ( HI ) that there would be no signifi cant difference between the number of hot-spots observed in the ex perimental grou p compared to the number of spots observed in the control group. Secondly, it was hypothesized (H2 ) that there would be significantly fewer blisters in the ex perim ental group as compared with the number of blisters in the control group. Thirdly, it was hypothesized ( H3) that the number of kip ups don e within a specified time period could be increased by the application of instant ice on the hands of the exercising subj ect. F ourthly, it was hypothesized (H4) that the length of per-forman ce time be signifi cantly in creased with the use of instant ice for the preven tion of blisters. R esults The four hypotheses were tested by means of the Yate's correction for the chi-square test of independence in a two by two contin gency table at the five percent level of significan ce. Table I clearly indi cates strong support of HI by showing no significant difference between the number of hot-spots observed in the experimental and control groups.

TABLE III CO MPARISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AN D CONTROL GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF BLISTERS AND NUMBER OF KIP UPS Experimental Control X'= 12.7

Blisters

o

12 df=1

Kip Ups 137 122 PX' =.OI

c

Table IV presents the results of experimental and control groups on the basis of blisters and length of . performance time. These data in Table IV support H4 since they indicate a high positive relationship between prevention of blisters with instant ice applications and the ability of the experimental group to do more kip ups than the control group.

TABLE I COM PARI SON OF NUMBER OF HOT-SPOTS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL AN D CO NTROL GROUPS Experimental Control Totals X'路=. 020S

No. Hot-Spots 13 14 27 df = 1

Hot-Spots 7 9 16

Totals 20 23 43

PX'= .OS

Table II presents the r esults of the experimental application of instant ice to hotspots developed by subjects in the experimental group as compared to the absence of instant ice application to subj ect in the control group. The results in Table II support H2 because none of the 13 hot-spots reported in the experimental group developed into blisters while 12 blisters developed from 14 hot-spots reported in the control gro up. These data indicate a high positive relation ship between instant ice application and the absen ce of blisters. TABLE II COMPA RI SON OF EXPERIMENTAL AN D CO NTROL GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF BLISTERS DEVELOPED AFTER HOT-SPOTS Experiental (instant ice) Control (no instant ice) X'= 11 .04 df = 1 c

Hot-Spots 14 14

Blisters

o

12

PX'=. OI

T abl e III presents the results of experimental and control groups on the basis of the number of blisters and the number of kip ups which subj ects were able to do d uring their fi ve minutes of exercise. The results in Table III support H3 because its data indicates a high positive r elationshi p between prevention of blisters with instant ice applications and the ability of the experimental group to perform more kip ups th an the control group.

TABLE IV COMPAR ISON OF EXPERIMENTAL AN D CONTROL GROUPS ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF BLISTERS AN D LENGTH OF PERFORMANCE TIME Blisters Experimental Control X'= II.4

o

12 df=1

Performance Time 20 minutes 17 minutes PX' =.OI

Conclusion On the basis of th e data presented in this paper, it was conclud ed that the application of instant ice to the hands of gymnasts is of significant value in preventing the .development of blisters, improving the number of kip ups and increasing the length of performan ce. Implications The implications for utilizin g the finding s reported in this study are worth noting. When a potential blister (hot-spot ) is prevented, it allows increased teachin g time for the instructor and increased learning time and practi ce time for the student. This additional time devoted to instruction learnin g and practice provides an opportunity for the improvement of competence in gymnasti c skill s and ability. Signifi cantly, by application of instant ice to prevent blister format ion, the dan ger resulting fr om a ruptured blister is eliminated.

LET'S

TEACH ROUTINES FLOOR EXERCISE by Dr. Bill Vincent Gymnastics Coach San Fernando Valley State College Note: This is the first in a series of articles encouragin g teachers in the secondary schools to rearran ge th eir gymnasti cs programs from a pattern of teaching unrelated skills to one of teaching skills desi gned to fit together into a simple routine. Many times, teachers in the secondary schools organize their gy mnastics pro grams around several unrela ted skills on the various events. Perhaps these moves are chosen because they are the only ones that the instructor can perform, or perhaps they are chosen at random from some ref erence book. This method of curriculum development is no t conducive to the type of exercises that should be included in a good gymnastics program. The ideal curriculum req uires th e student to exhib it an ex ercise consisting of a series of moves combined together to produce a smooth flowin g routine. The value of the exercise is base d not only on th e difficulty of the individual skills, but on the mann er in which they are comb ined to produce the most effective overall appearance. Apparently most teachers are not aware of thi s objective, or they feel that their time in gymnastics is not sufficient to develop th is degree of competence in their students. There appears to be a trend in this direction in some of th e newest books in the field, and th e reader is referred specifically to Gymn.astics for Men by Dr. Eric Hugh es, published by Ronald Press. The present series of articles is designed to suggest some skills that can be taught on the secondary level and quickly mastered, which may th en be incorporated into a simple routin e. Since most schools already includ e basic tumblin g in their curriculum, it is suggested that this event be modified to include some additional skills that are more commonly seen in floor exercise routines. The skills are on the elementary level, and most of them are probably already included in the typical program. It is not the, purpose of this article to describe methods of

teachin g these sk ills, rather the method of combin in g them into a simple routine . In a period of about fi ve days, a well organized teacher can develop his class to th e point where they can perform all of the suggested moves to some degree, at least well enou gh to perform them in sequen ce for a grade. Obviously, there will be tho se who master them faster and to a greater degree of proficiency tha n others, and will thus be able to complete the routine with better form and con trol. These stud ents should be allowed to alter th e routine to include more difficult moves as is suggested later in this article. This is one of th e facto rs that should determine th e basis for a grade in the unit. Aside from additional " quizzes" which may be given on indi vidual skills or strength tests, the maj or portion of the grade should be determ ined by the ability of the student to perform the entire routin e. The routine may be judged by th e teacher, but it has been shown in several outstandin g programs th at the students themselves can serve as the pan el of judges on gradin g nay, and the ir scores may be used as the routine grad e_ The teacher who uses this gradinp- approach will be satisfying another objective of the physical education program, that of developing within the stud ent an appreciation of the sport from the spectator point of view, and the ability to evaluate performance. The wise teacher will plan for thi s obj ective, and will include in his daily classes some discussion of the techniques of judgin g, specific points to look for in evaluati on of the particular routine involved, and practice in judging befor e the gradin g day. H e will also reserve the right to insert hi s own score which mayor may not be weighted hi gher than the composite student score. Aft er conductin g whatever introductory moves such as log rolls, forward and backward som ersaults, etc. , as the instructor thinks necessary, the followin g skill s should be taught: a. Jump straddle - jump with knees straight, legs extend ed forward and laterally, touch toes, and return to stand. b. Cartwheel-student should be able to perform this skill in either directi on, right or left.

c. Leg circles-from a squat positi on with on e leg extend ed to the sid e, rotate the extended leg under both hands wh il e shiftin g the weight to the su ppo rt foo t, th en under the leg whil e shi ftin g we ight to the hands, return to startin g posit io n. Kee p the kn ee straight on the circling leg. d. F orward roll straddl e- a ft er masterin g the forward r oll, th e st ud ent perform s th e skill with legs straddled and knees strai gh t, placin g his hand s on the mat between h is legs and near the crotch and k ee pin g h is head down an d forward to push to a strarl路 dIe stand_ e. H ead stand- utilize the triangular base of support. Addin g two or more skills each day . and performing them in sequ ence down a length of three or fo ur mats la id end to end as they are master ed, th e student builds to the routin e listed below:

1. From sid e stand on mat straddle jump, touch toes. 2. Cartwheel left, fall forward to push-u p posit ion. 3. Bringin g left leg to squat position, and right l eg sideways, ci rcle right leg counter clockwise under hands and lef t leg (right leg circle count er clockwise) , return to push-up position. 4. Forward roll straddle. 5. P ress to head stand. 6. Roll forward from he ad stand with bent kn ees and stand up, lift ri ght leg forward. 7. Cartwh eel right to side stand. Note: This routin e may be reversed in any section or in its entirety. The above routine may be made easier by substitutin g a bent knee fo rward roll for the straddle roll, a k ick to head stand , or a fro g (knees on elbows) stan d fo r t he press to head st and, and eliminati ng the cartwheel left as the dismount. I t may be made more diffi cult by placing a n eck sprin g (ma t k ip) after the straddle r oll and before the head stand , by r eq uirin g two leg circles instead of one, and by substi tuting a r un to forw ard hand sprin g for the cartwheel as a dismount. Simple routines such as the one described above can be composed for all of the oth er events. Watch this column for future suggestions on sid e horse, parallel bars, h orizontal b ar, rin gs, and tram polin e_

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Some Spottiii'g Techniques For Parallel Bars by Arlynn Anderson Gymnizstics Coach, St. Cloud State College St. Cloud, Minnesota SPOTTING The Reverse Stutz This is probably one of the easiest tricks to spot effectively. As the gymnast reaches the top of the swing, the spotter places his arms under the legs and slows the gyinnast up to give him time to get his other hand on the bar, before starting the down swing. Pirouette For those who are having trouble with the ,pirouette, sometimes by pushing the parallels next to the wall and working the turn against the wall gives the gymnast a feel for the trick. It would also eliminate the fear element. The Back Over Bar on the Parallel Bars This method of spotting is used successfully by many coaches. There are many advantages of spotting in this manner. 1. Several gymnasts can be taught in a short time. 2. It is safe and would give confidence to the gymnast trying it without spotting sooner. The hands are placed by the spotters as indicated in diagram #1. When the gymnast lets go of the bar he is lifted by the spotters, illustrated in diagram #2. The spotters also aid the gymnast in placing his hands back on the rails so that he can lower himself to the support position. The gymnast should never bend the arms when trying this trick but should beat hard at the bottom to get the needed height. Flexibility in the shoulder is also very important. Having enough flexibility allows the gymnast to hang on to the rails longer before the release. This makes for a shorter flight period and better control. The Moore on P-Bars I first saw this technique from George Syzpula froni Michigan State. It has proven helpful for my gymnasts especially after the gymnast has worked the trick for awhile and has trouble keeping ,the hips and legs up. The spotter can stand either facing the gymnast or with his back to the performer as illustrated. The spotter gets hold of the ,\Inkles as he starts to clear the bar on ihe :way up the walks around with the perforiller and lowers him between the bars. It's a good idea to have another stand in to spot the gymnast in case he is leaning over too far-to keep gymnast from hitting bar. If the spotter stands on a vaulting box or horse, he cill)' spot more effectively because of the additional height.

Moore

24

HAND SPOTTING The front somersault dismount on p-bars. The trampoline has once again proved to be very important for learning new tricks safely. The spotter places his left hand on the gymnast's upper left arm and the right hand on the rest of the right arm. From here the spotter aids the gymnast in getting off the parallels safely. As the gymnast starts up on the back swing and starts the somersault action he is pushed by the

-;

Reverse Stutz

spotter so that the gymnast will clear the bars and land on the trampoline. Diagram #1. When performing the front somersault dismount it is important to keep the arms straight and also not to lean forward with the shoulders. In fact the shoulders should be slightly back of the hand when letting go of the bars. After the gymnast is getting the feel of the trick landing in a setting position on the trampoline, he can then be spotted as

shown in diagram # 2 without the trampoline_ The back somersault d ismount can be learn ed by using the same technique. The gymnast will land on his stomach on the trampolin e. Diagram #3. The spotter will reverse his hands when assisting the gymnast off the bars. B-y placing a mat on the trampoline the springs can be covered and it will make for a .softer landing.

GYMNASTIC AIDS By DO'n Tonry SHOOT TO HANDSTAND (Straight Arms) 1-5. Obtain large swin g. Flex hips as body passes vertical and pull downward forcefully with arms. Continue pulling downward on rin gs as arms move sideward. 6-7. Extend hips upward, between straps, raise head and 路 continue bearing downward on rin gs until body reaches handstand. HIGH STRADDLE DISMOUNT 1-3. Obtain large swing. Flex hips as body p'a sses vertical and pull downward for cefully wtih arms. Direct hips slightIy in front of rin gs ; straddle legs and increase fl exon in hips. 4-7. Release rings; raise upper body forcefully; extend arms out to side and join legs before landing.

SHOOT TO HANDSTAND (straight arms)

\

\ \

\ \

\ \ \

\ \

. , r

, HIGH STRADDLE DISMOUNT

..... N ote: The ex act location of the r ings in relation t o the p os itio n of the body could not always b e draw n with com plete accurac y because of limited space.

25

PROGRESSION FOR THE EAGLE

I

By Roger Gedney While instructing at the United States Gymnastics Federation clinic at Ft. Lauderdal e. Florida I hosted a brainstorming ses~iun where 15 or 20 coaches came together to exchan ge id eas. We as coaches are contin uall y trying new methods to promote the developmen t of our gymnasts, but I feel at the same time that we owe it to our ;oPOTt to be interested in the promotion of gy mnastics per se throughout the United St a teg. Some of the suggestions were so usdul that I felt th ey should be made availahle to all gymnastic coaches to furt.h~ r "ur cause. T have pieced together idea" of 1111' own with those of oth er coaches to preoent · this article on "Progression for Ihe Eagle". Defore a gymna.t is ready to learn the di ' located /lian t swing, or the eagle as it i" commonly referred to, he should have wel l con lTol'l ed giants in both direction s and he , hnuld be in the late intermediate ,t i!~'~ ,'f developm en t. I would prefer th at he be able to no a vault and several cha n ~w' . The coach will ultimately decide when he feels hi s gym nast is ready, both phY!3 ically and men tally. Th e gymnast must have a confid ence in himself, a confid ence Ihat comeS abou t through progressive learnilll! and time . R·:fore I discms the eagle itself and the rr 'i' res,don used to teach it. it should be "';""!lOned tbal th e way,; of actually assumin~ t he no ~iti o n for th e eagle are perhaps more intricate I han the eagle itself. The most in·q uent mel hod of "gettin g into" the ,ji , located po<; it ion is the stoo p-in-. This ("an I". d"nc in a number of ways, a stem ri:,,' immed iate >too p-in, a stoop·in out of a'k m rise ba ck upri se, a stoop-i n out of a ~ia nt swing. a !'toop-in out of a giant her, and an immediate stoop-in out of a frf>e hi p hop, ju ~ t. to mention a few. It \,'Pl de! SC PIll that the stoop-in has two basic f uncl i'ms as a prelude to the eagle, It puts th ,· gymnast in a physical position which makes it anatomically possible to di slocate, and the angular velocity gain ed through the cirde is tran sferred in a linear direction at the time of di slocation. W hile these progressions a r e bein g It'arn ed, the gymnast, through th e use of a low horizontal bar and trampolet, can at th e same tim e be workin g on the most diffic ult part of th e eagle itself, the correct p:tswgP over the top of the horizontal bar. For most gym nasts the horizontal bar should he adjusted to a height of approximately four feet. T he trampolet should nllW be placed so that th e lea din g edge of th e trampolet is directl y und er the hori zontal bar, as illustrat ed in figure one. It ?f..

is wise to put a mat in the position shown in case the spot in figure four is missed and the gymnast swings under the bar into tbe trampolet. The gymnast now assum es the position illustrated in fi gure one, standing on the trampolet and graspin g the bar with tlte eagle grip . A right hand ed spotter will probably wish to stand on the left sid e of the bar, one hand on the gymna st's right shoulder and the left hand over the bar and into the gymnast's mid-section. The exer cise begins by having the gymnast take one or two small beats on the trampolet before putting forth the final effort. Th e initial movement by the gym nast after the beat is to lift hard with the hips in a sli ghtly open piked pOSItIOn while at the same tim e keepin g the head up to enable him to see over the bar. The spotter meanwhile is applyin g a supportin g pressure to the gymnast's ri ght shoulder and allowing it to move slightly forward of the bar while the left hand aid s in the hip lifting action. I would refer to the position acquired by the gymnast in fi gure two as the critical position ; th e success or failure of th e execution being determined from this point on. The gym nast must now stop the forward motion of the shoulders and begin press ing the hips upward so tha t th e legs co me into line with the chest. The spotter at this point can aid the gymnast by pulling back at the shoulder with the right hand to help check th e forward moti on and lift the gy mnast with the left hand to belp brin g the two in line. In other word s, the spotter will be trying to draw hi s right and left hand s toward a median point. The holdin g action continues until the legs, chest, and arms come in to line at which tim e the head should also be brought into line. The final step will be for the gymnast to con tinue hi s stretch and for th e spotter to make his catch as illustrated in figure four. A£ter the gy mnast has passed the point illustrated in fi gure three, he momentarily releases his hold on the gymnast and moves slightly forward of the bar to make the catch. The left arm sup ports th e back and upper body, th e right arm supports the lower body from behind the kn ees. A £ter th e gymnast has perfected th is progression and has learned some way of assumin g the dislocated position, we would be ready to proceed to the regulation horizontal bar. As a spotting aid , I use a fifty gall on drum to stand on, and I place 'it just inside one of the uprights. This drum is for the spotter to stand on so that h e may duplicate the spotting technique illustrated in fi gures one and two . As an additional safety measure thi s drum may be strapped to the upright to make it more secure. It would be possible also to use the ball bearin g safety device that attaches to the bar and then to the gy mnast by elastic cables and safety belt. However, som e gym nasts feel more confident without this device. I al so use several spotters, at least one directly under tbe gymnast and two more out to the sides and back of the gymnast in case he peals off with one hand or the other. I also will put numerous net bags full of sponge rubber around the area. I now stand on the drum and have the gymnast proceed with the stoop-in and dislocation. After the gymnast has dislocated I would hope that he would be in a position similar to that illustrated in fi gure three, stretcbing out as much as possible with the head now in lin e with the rest of the body, H e_ should maintain this position until he crosses the oottom, at which time he will begin the liftin g action of the hip s and the "holdin g up of the head. The spotter

now reaches with the left hand to grab the gymnast's upper arm and as the gym nast cantin ues to ri se, th e spotter reaches into the gymnast's mid -section to begin the liftin g action, as illustrated in figure two. Th e spotting action is now as it was earli er, a holdin g action applied to th e gymnast's shoulders and a lifting action applied to the gymnast's hips. In case a trampolet is not available, the progression can be carried out by having the gymnast stand on the floor with the horizontal bar adjusted to a hight of approximately 18". The procedure is much the same except that the spotter will probably want to kneel down on one knee. The ca tch is then made, for th e most part, on just the legs. Summary: After the progressions have been mastered and the gymnast is executing the eagle, he find s them very similar to reverse gri p giants. The eagle can be a B or C move, depending upon preparatory movements, and most good routines will include it. It can almost be considered an unwritten requirement and well worth the time spent to learn it.

I

A

! '

I; ,

/

.

,

!

CONDITIONING for COMPETITION By Dick Wolfe

Strength for the Inverted Pull This Iffijj'f[h's exercise was designed to facilitate the learning of that difficult and impressive inverted pull on rings. Though it is specific to the ring event, it is an effective exercise ' for developing both pull路 ing and pushin g power and should be prac路

ti ced by any gymnast who wants to improve his over-all strength. This exercise should be performed 3 sets of 5 repetitions. As the gymnast gains the strength to effectively do thi s exercise, the feet should be progressively raised until 5 repetitions can be executed with the feet almost directly over the head. Then the

performer should transfer to the standard rings and practice the actual movement. (j.e. inverted pull ) . Hooking the feet around the straps will facilitate balance. Manual assistance, at the chest, from a fellow gymnast may at fir st be necessary.

EXERCISE # 10. INVERTED PULLS. From a horizontal support with the feet o n a box (Fig. 11. lower to straight armed hang (Fig. 2) and pull through position in Fig. 3 to straight armed , hori zon tal suppo rt (Fig . 1). Repeat. Specific to: Rings-inv erted pull , back r ise handst and , back lever pull t o cross. H ori zonta l Bar - reverse grip cast t o handstand fr om a hang below the bar (stem rise).

Corner

t

By Helen SjlUun

STEM RISE -

UNEVEN BARS

by Helen SjuTsen In my observation of various instructors, I find that too much emphasis is put on the down swing of the extended leg for the execution of the stem rise. Let us take it step by step to analyze what is happening and why. Fig. 1. P osition at the start of the stem rise: hand s in upper or regular grip on high ba,r, left leg ben t with left foot resting against low bar, ri ght leg extended upward (foot close to hi gh bar) with leg straight and toes pointed. Fig. 2. From the starting position, emphasis should . be put on the fa ct that the hips should be raised to the under part of the high bar by straightening the left leg and stretching the body. The right leg will automatically stretch upward. So far the right leg has done nothin g for the stem rise except to accentuate form by being kept strai ght with toes pointed. If the right leg is sw ung down before th e left leg is fu lly extended , the right leg would hit the low bar unless form is broken by bendin g the ri ght knee . With both legs bent, the hips would be tQO far away from the high bar to successfully complete the stemrise. If, after stretching the left leg, the hips are kept low, moving to a support position on th e high bar would be difficult.

o F ig. 3. I n Fi g. 2, the left leg actually straightens quickly and springs or pushes off the low bar. At the same tim e the hips raise to the under side of high bar instantl y followed by the head , and the shoulders shift forward over the high bar with th e aid of a pulling action and a bendin g at the hi ps. The legs are still separated in a stride position and the right leg has yet to start its work. When rai sing the hips to th e under side of the hi gh bar, there should be no hesitation in shifting the head and shoulders forward and in transferrin g th e body weight over the arms to a bent hip support position with legs still sepa rated. Girls with short legs will probably n eed more pushin g action by th e left leg. From the bent hip support position with legs apart, the right leg is in a position to help avoid an unnecessary stop and now starts its work. With body weight balan ced over th e arm s, better control is ga ined of the speed of the swin g of the right leg as it moves to the left. The speed of the swin g will be

determined by th e move to foll ow. Fig. 4. With th e body weight over the arms NOW swin g ri ght leg back to join left. The gy mnast is n ow in a pos ition to proceed to her n ext move. Durin g the final action of this move, be aware of move ment of the left leg before it is join ed by the right. If the left leg is swun g to the rear too soon, by the ti me the right leg j oins it: (1) momen tum ca n be lost, (2 ) the left leg cou ld have started to come back und er th e hi gh bar, (3) an unn ecessary stop may be engend ered, and (4) smoothn ess of rhythm could be broken. Each important phase of the stem ri se has been ex pl ain ed. H owever, th e slem ri se should be done with a smoo th fl ow. Remember to emphasize th e acti on of the left leg, th e hips, th e shiftin g of the head and the should ers over the hi gh bar before talk路 in g about the ri ght leg. When the bent hips - legs separated support position is reached, the right leg will start its sw in g in~ acti on.

rings and flying rings. Which kind is used in the Olympics, and if they are nat bath used, why? Yaurs truly, Rager Huggin s Avandale E s tates, Ga. Ed . Seme seurces still refer te the present Still Rings event as Flying Rings In the Olympics. However, the Flying Rings or SwInging Rings as used in the USA until drepped as an event by the NCAA a few years back has not been used in the Olympic competition since 1932. In the Xth Olympic Games held that year in Los Angeles, Flying Rings aleng with Tumb ing' Rope Climb, and Indian Club swinging were specIal events at the opt ian of the host country. (Fer more infermation en Olympic history see Nov. '64 MG Netes from the editor.)

LETTERS

HAIL FURBLUR! Dear Mr. Sundby: In your August-September 1966 issue of The Modern Gymnast, there appeared a picture of Caach Erni e Furblur's fine Oneonta, New Yark gymnastic t eam, which had a fin e winning seasan of 11-0. Approx imately one year la ter, you will note in the picture enclased Coach Ernie Furblur with his Freehold Regional High Sc hoal gymnastic team fram New Jersey, alsa with the same winning seasan .of 11-0. Caincidence? Na. ToO us at Freehald it shaws the fine caaching ability fa .one man. Hail Mr. Furblur! Sincerely, Tam Fiarentina CoO-Captain Englishtawn , New Jersey

CLASSIC Glenn, One of my gymnas ts, BoOb Sakai, toO .ok this picture during a dual meet thi s past year a nd r thaught you might enjay it as much as I did . It is a picture .of Jerry Wright spatting Pete Gruber o n a dauble fly- a -way fram th e s till rings . I might suggest that the pi cture, in my opinion, is a classic except tha t the spatter might possibly be a little bit closer toO the perfa rm er althaugh plenty .of suppart was provided from this distance. Sincerely, Jerry Wright S a n Francisco State College

Mr. Dan "Cantraversy" Millman Dea r Dan: I read y our essay on the b ea r d p ro blem with mare than a little interest, for to me the beard issue is a dead .one, and I feel that I must express anather paint of view. The ceach does have the right te say, "No beard."

The right stems from the very special relatianship between the coach and the gymnast. A coach is one wha through expertise and experience qualifies himself to prepare athletes for campetition. By placing himself under a compe t ent coach an aspiring gymnast en hances his chanced .of winning. The two wark as a teamth e caach providing the training program , encauragement and expert knawledge in the spart, while the gymnast pravides himself, hi s time and his dedication toO the cammon goal (development .of man's potential and a high score). Secondly, in any activity where the human boOdy is seen and evaluated, thos.ll who see and evaluate get an impression from your deportment. How you walk, how you carry yaur h ead and shou lders, and your general appearance creates an impression that is either favorabl e or nnfavorable. In terms .of score this impress ion may be only .1, but that is sometimes enough to win or lose. I am certain that you know gymnasts whom you wanted to win as you watched them even before they began to compete (MitcheIl h as that quality). Therefore, if the coach, due to experience in the sport, feels that rem oving the beard wauld make your impression ",are favorable, you s hould remove it. If you do not want to remove it, you will be admitting that the highest possible Score is not your goal, that yau knaw more than the caach, and that yau are more interested in making the beard mare acceptable than in th e spart. Yau probably wauld nat ques tion the coach's right toO demand that you lase weight, work an strength, or wark for more fl exibility. His r easons far demanding that the beard be remaved are the same as for losing weight-the highest possible score based upan his expert knowledge. The image .of the school .or coach dUE: to the beard is a side issue and nat revelant. However, I, persanally, would warry about my image toO ather coaches if my gymnasts ware beards, because it would indicate toO them that I was nat serious abou t my caaching duties. Sincerely, Glenn Wilsan Gymnastics Coach University of Arizona Dear 1,.:Hen n,

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F B PHOTO D ear Glenn, Here is a pi cture di splay ing flexibility and balance, the spli t by J ahn Eft a nd the h a ndstand by Tam Alexand er. Bath gymnasts are s tudents a t Calarad a Sta te College. Sincerely, John Eft Lakewoad, Calorado WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE Dea r Sir s; I would lik e to request, that in next issue of the Medern Gymnast , would tell the readers, or a t least what the differe nce is b etween the ?R

your you me, st ill

YOUr letter was articulate, thought .. ful, and demanstrates toO me your conscientiousness as a coach. You were the .only persan wha bathered toO write a reply to the column. I appreciate your reply. r find little in your letter toO argue abaut. As far as gymnastics is cancerned, yau may be absolutely correct that if the coach's sale concern is maximizing scores of his gymnasts, he should rightl) discaurage the wearing of beards or anything else which is presently cansid ered "slappy." He h as the right toO discourage beards if the gymnasts understand that beards are net to be worn befere they Jein the team. To argu e the right of the individual to wear the beard, I might be straying fram gymnastics and delving in toO the philosophy of aesthetics (and t a lerance). For a basic questian occu rs to me: why do we can sider beards slappy? It is con ceivable that in some other cauntry, it is considered quite apprapriate toO wear a beard in gymnastics. r am in favar of basing judgments of aesthetics etc., on rationality, r ath er than cultural tra dition. The idea that being shaven is "clean" is str ength ened by

insisting athlet es keep up the clean shaven image. r confess that r had n a business expressing my ideas in a gymnastic context, for my Ideas do not belong in any athletic context. Yet it seemed to me that if athletes, (clean, healthy people), would be allowed to wear beards, it might dispell the image that a beard is inherently slappy and dirty. I'm afraid that my column was communicated somewhat prematurely; it was written last October and my ' thaughts have been refined somewhat. Again, thank you for your thaughts. Peace, Dani el Millman Ed. While en the subject .of the appearance and deportment .of a gymnast, yeur editer fer one continues to be appalled at the habit of many tep gymnasts whe the mo m ent they

dismount fro m

the a ppa r 路

atus ge threugh the ritual of. beginn!ng. to undress in front .of the publIC by slipPIng out of their suspenders. (You will not see this in W路orld .or Olympic competitions.) I blame the coach as much as the gymnast fer this undignified gymnastic attitude. Also, I do net like to see street wear or sloppy appearance on the trophy stand. If a gymnast is goed enou!jh to attain an award he should receive It in top style and dignity.

Kenneth W. Hollis I; you have "Y.NEWS" that should be in the MG . . . Send it direct to Kenneth W. Hollis, 3881 W. 25, Cleveland, Ohio, 44109.

"Y-NEWS"

BEHIND THE SUCCESS AT MILWAUKEE YMCA Any Monday night at the Milwaukee YMCA you can see 30 bays between the ages of 6 and 14 going through a vigorous training program of gymnastic skills. These boys, who are working on the six Olympic events, are being trained to take their places among the ranks of our gymnasts. Last year Milwaukee YMCA won the State YMCA Gymnastic Championship, and is presently working toward next year's meet. Coach Chuck H ennecke is assisted in this endeavor by Tony LaFleur (his son-in-law), who has four sons in this class. Chuck, a gymnast himself and competitor in many YMCA and AAU meets, also helped train his own son, Bob at the YMCA. Bob is now a member of the University of Wisconsin Gymnastic Team, and who can tell how many more of these boys will develop into top gymnasts?? Can gratulations to Chuck Henneck, Tony LaFleur and the Milwaukee YMCA!

division w ith v ictorie s in the AA, HB , PB , SR, a nd SH and a second in va ulting, leading hi S team t o the team champ ionship. Di ck Van Hursett, Dayton Y, won the tumbling' Robert Grabinsk i, El che Turn~ rs, led th e fi e ld in t h e FX and Ben Barnha rt captured the remaining gold meda l in vau lti ng. Ken Stall, led th e Dayt on . Y . t o f irst place in the Jr. Boys diVISion w ith v ictor ies in t he AA, HB , LH , PB , SR, and SH . Youngstown's Jack La nz won th e FX, was 2nd on t h ~ SR, and 3 rd on t he HB . The Eby family , David and Dale , from th e Dayto n Y, led that club to first place in t h e Elementary boys division . Dav id won every event f or 8 gold m eda ls, b rot her Dal e was 3rd in the AA and 2nd o n the PB. Melv in Morton, Franklin Ohio picked up 6 silver medals fo ~ seco~d p la ce in the AA, f'X, va ulting , SR, SH, and tumblin g . Co lleen M ul v ihill , of t he Urbana Y, Sue Werling , Dayton Y, and Maddie Wetherell of Fl int shared honors in t h e Junior Girls divisi on. Coll een p laced f irst in t he AA . vau lting and unevens, a nd second on BB and 3rd in FX. Sue capt ured the BB and was second in the AA and FX. M add ie, h owever, had th e privilege of leading her team t o the team title as she placed 3 rd in the AA and tumblin g and 2nd in vau lti ng and u nevens. Cindy H a ll of Fl int won the tum b ling and Di N owicki... Dayton Y won the FX event to fini sh Gut the scoring in that division. Dianne Grayson, Dayton Y, dominated the elementa r y girls division as she won all but one event f or 5 firsts. Sandy Jozwick, howver led Flint to the team title with 2nd in t he AA, unevens, and tumbling and f irst place in the vaulti ng. Kath y Stewart, Urbana Y, made her presence fe lt with seconds in vau lti ng, BB, and FX and third in tum b ling.

1967 BRUIN GYMNASTIC CLASSIC May 26, 1967 Pauley Pavilion, UCLA Adding still further 'opportunity for gymnastic competition in the Southern California region , the first Bruin Classic attracted such gy mnastic standouts as Yoshi Hay asaki, Makoto Sakamoto, Kanati Allen and Sid Freudenstei6. In a fast-moving and often exciting meet, some of the West Coast's top specialists vied with these noted all-around competitors w ith the final awards split equally between them . The single performance earning the judges' award was by Gary Hoskins on the side horse. Gary' s difficulty and free-flowing rhythm easily topped all other contenders, full y deserving t he 9.6 score awarded the routine . A cl ose second in the outstanding indiv idu a l performance category would hav e to have been UCLA's Kanati Allen for a highly mov ing horizontal bar routine. All performances considered, California 's Sid Freudenstein was awarded the Outstanding Athlete trophy. A v eraging 9.27 over six ev ents, Sid carried o ff 3 firsts and a second. A rarel y seen burst of spectator interest in the long h orse deve loped as a result of invoking the new NCAA v aulting procedures. The vaulter could choose to take hi s second vault only at the risk of losing the score earned on hi s first vault. Several v aulters, egged o n by spectator cheers, improved

the ir

scores

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vault .

Adding even more interest to the v aulting were exhibition vaults by Freudenstein (full twisting giant hecht) and Proulx (I V2 twist ing handspring). Results FX: Sid Freudenstein 9.55, To m Proulx 9.50, Yoshi Hay asaki 9.25. SH: Gary Hoskins 9.60, Joel Tepp

9.45, Hay asaki and M i ke Freriks 9. 10. TR: Doug Boger 8.95 , Tom Proulx 8.90, Dennis Rowe 8.55 . R: Bob Teel 9.40 , Freudenste in 9.25, Hayasa ki 9.20. LH: Freudenstein 9.50, Proul x 9.50 , Do n Ar thur and Rich Grigsby 9.3 5 . PB: Freudenstein 9.45, Sakamoto 9.40, Hayasaki and Steve N orie g a 9.35. HB : Kanati Allen 9.60, Hayasak i 9.50, Sakamoto 9.45. LOS ANGELES TURNERS INVITATIONAL GYMNASTIC MEET July 1, 1967 Jack Beckner, Meet Director This inv itati onal meet f or allaround entrants only was held in honor of the memory of the late Erwin Volze. Still another purpose in the competition was to prov ide additional meet experien ce for the gymnasts, many of whom ore preparing for the Pan-American Games Trials. AA: Dav e Tho r 54.8, Jim A m erine 52.7, Rich Grigsby 51.65, Bob Diamond 49.95 , Gary Dlamor;Jd 49.4 , Bob Ly nn 4 9 .4 , A I Luber 48.35 , Steve Hug 4 8.35. HOLIDAY GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS Dayton, Ohio YMCA Linda Metheny, representing the Unbana , Illinois Y , was the dominant feature of the Day t on Y H oliday Gym nastic s Championships a s she easily captured 5 first pl aces in the Women's Ope n Division. Barb McKenzie of Flint sa lv aged a first in tumbling and 3 second, to lead Flint to the team titl e. Sarah Baumgart fr om th e Eiche Turners grabbed one second and two thirds . Gary Hutchinson , Co lumbus Gy m

club,

domina:ted

the

men's

o pen

CENTRAL AAU GYMNAST IC MEET FOR WOMEN Navy Pier Gym April 2 9, 1967 Age Group Division: AA: Barba ra Bau er (Eiche Turners) 35.900, Diane Sa in i (McKinlev YMCA) 34.53 1, Debb ie Clifford (ET) 32.466 . SHY : Bauer 17 .80, Debbie Fish er (ET) 17.00, Bolin 16.899. FX: Ba uer 18.366, Diane Mininni (Engst rom) 18.333, Bolin 18.099. B: Bauer 18.333, Bo lin 17.866, Ja net Ingram (C.I.A.) 17.533. UPB : Bauer 16.40, Clifford 15.200, Bolin 14 .966 .

Senior Division: AA: Linda Metheny (McKinley YMCA) 37.065, Coral Augustyn (Soko l USA) 32.666, Pat Felicelli (Engstrom) 31.866. SHY : Meth eny 8.766, Augusty n 8.7, Feli ce lli 7.0. UPB : Metheny 9.066 , Donna Bascom (CIA) 7.333, Sarah Bru mgart (Lake Sho re Park ) 6.966. B: Meth eny 9.600, Feli ce lli 9. 133, Augustyn 8.966. FX : Metheny 9.633, Feli celli 9.333 , Brumg art 9.266. 1967 JUNIOR NATIONAL AAU MEN'S AND WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS Abie Grossfeld Director of Competition On May 19 and 20 the second Junio r National Ama teur Ath letic Uni on Gy mnastics Championships were held in New Haven , Connecticut . The first Champi onships in 1955 we re fo r men on l y at Ya le University, wh ile this year's compelition wa s bo th for men and wom en at Sout hern Connecticut Sta te College. The 1967 Meet attracted over 4 00 entri es repre senting t h irteen states with New Y ork hav ing th e most competitor s at thirty-seve n fo ll owed by Californ ia w ith seventeen. The performance caliber was high in all events. Coach Jerry powerful Pasadena City Todd's Co llege team continued it s stri ng of over one-h und r ed consecut ive v ictori es by d om inating the men's team champ ionsh ip . T he New York Athlet ic Cl u b placed second. Jim Ameri ne , a fr eshman at South ern Conn ecticu t State Co ll ege and r epresenti ng the New York Athletic Club, was t he meet s' ou tstanding performer , w inning 3 gold medals, all-around , ho rizontal ba r

and long h orse vau lt. A m eri ne also was second on the ri ngs and third o n t he side horse . Geo rge Greenfield o f Pasadena City Co ll ege defeated a high ly ta lent ed field to w in floor exercise with a unique and diffi cult ro utine whi ch contained a f orward ro ll jum p t o a high held "V" position and a doub le tw ist ing back some rsault. Ken Henderson, a graduate student at the Universit y of Massachusetts, opened hi s routine w ith a fr on t somersau lt st ep ou t to roundo ff , flip flop , doub le twisting back somersault. Fifteen year o ld John Crosby of the New York A.c. al so started w ith a d oub le twisting bock somersau lt and f in ished wi th a rou ndoff, flip fl op , whip back, flip fl op, hi gh layout. somersault. Crosby edged Greenfi eld f o r the tumb li ng title. Frericks o f Pasadena c.c. won si de horse w ith the meef's outsta nding performance-9.75. Frericks swing was w ide and extended while disp lay ing t op diff icu lty. Hi s r outine can t o ined a Ru ss ia n moore on one pom mel , an uphill boc k moore travel in , a r eve rse uphill tra ve l, a hop sc issor V2 turn, ar:d a doub le wa lk around to a dISmount-ali per f ormed fl awless l y. A well trai ned Mannettes' team of Philadelphia under Bi ll and Ginny Coco won the women's team championship. Fifty gir ls competed for th e coveted all-around title wi th Sally Espe of Owego, N .Y. emerg ing as Champion just .435 poin t s ahead of Colleen MulV ih il l of Champaign, Ill inois. However, Co ll een performed a hig hl y d i fficult and an ext reme ly well executed u neven parellel bar routi ne to walk o ff with t he title . Kathy Gardiner of the Mannettes performed steady and g race f u ll y to anne x bo th the f loo r exercise and ba lance beam t itles. She was the meet's only women's doub le go ld meda l w inner. In general, the class of our younger g irl gymnasts was outstand ing. If th e wo rk o f our younge r gi rl s is an indicati on of h ow we wi ll fai r in the f ut ure, we can speculate op timi sti cal ly in ou r intern ational h opes. Team standi ngs: Pasadena City Co ll ege (PCC) 81, New York Athlet ic Club (NYAC) 52.5, Sout hern Connecticut Gym Club (Conn) 16 .5, Brooklyn Cen tr a l YMCA (B r k-Y) 0. AA: James Amer ine (NYAC) 106.75, George Greenfield (PCC) 104.70, Joe Bri dges (N YAC) 97.65, Marshall Avener (G len Cove YMCA) 93 .05 , James Barish (NYAC ) 87.00, Joe Gray (PCC) 86.3. FX: Greenf ield 18. 625 , John Crosby (NYAC ) 18.3 50, K. H enderson (U. Moss) and Dan Kolb (PCC ) 17.95. SH : 19.075, J. M ike Freri cks (PCC) Nelson (PCC ) 18.475, Amerin e 17 .325. R: Walt Swift (PCC) Amer ine 18.450, Dove 18 .550, Clowes (Unatt) 18 .00. LH : Amer ine 18.450, D. Jacobs (B r k-Y) 18.275. H ende rson 17.975. PB : Brie n Thomas (PCC) 18.450, Greenfield 17.850, Ko lb 17.775. H B: Amer ine 18.300 , Rich H ammers (PCC ) 18.10, Greenf ield 17 .975. Tr: Paul Stevens (Conn) 16 .925, Bi ll Copp (Ken t State) 16.750, Phil Burns (Co nn ) 15.825. T: Crosby 9.0, Greenfield 8.8, H enderson 8.4 .

Women's Results Team stan di ngs: Mannettes of Phi lade lphia (Man) 27.5; McK inley YMCA, Champa ign, Illino is (McK-Y) 18; Owego (NY) GGAC 16; and South ern California Aero T eam (SCATs) 16; Seatt le YMCA (S-Y) 7; Eiche Turners, Chicago (ET) 6.5. AA: Sa ll y Espe (OGGAC) 66.499, Co llen Mulvihi ll (Mc K-Y ) 64.064 , Kathy Gardiner (Man) 63.531; Patt i McGar ry (Unott) 62.798, Cathy Rigby (SCATs) . 62.698, Ma r gie Sims (Unatt) 6: ,9. SHY: Cleo Carver (5- Y) 16.730, Rigby 16.640, Jo ane DeVarone (Santa Clara Va l ley, Calif) 16.5160. UPB: Mulvi h ill 18.567, Rigby 18.050, D iane Balm (McK-Y) 17.6165. B: Gardl .er 17.8495, Espe 17.4665, Rigr. y 16.966. FX: Card iner 17.699, Espe 17.3825, Joan ne Terr y (5, 路 Conn Gym C lub) 17. 150. T: darb",r" Bauer (ET ) 8.25, Pat Fel ice lli (Engst ro m Gym Club) 7 .00, Li .1, , 1 Beyer (Broo kl yn Centr ~ 1 YMC / J 5. 35.

IGM ATTENTION GYMNASTS!!!

ARE yo u worried about getting out of shape? You can a voi d this problem by spending just thirty minutes a day on a set of CROSSMASTER CROSS PULLEYS. In fact, you will be stronger and more agile with a wider range of tricks than you ha ve now. You can accomplish this right in your own garage. CROSSMASTER CROSS PULLEYS work in exactly the same way as the pulley machines used by United States Olympic gymnasts. The system installs in seconds and does not require ANY drilling or cutting . All you need to put up yo ur CROSSMASTER is a pair of pliers or an adjustable wrench. You can fasten the pulleys to any 2" x 4" or 2" x 6" garage rafter. A complete set including rings, cable, pulleys, supports, and weight hanger is just $32.50 total price (this includes postage anywhere in the USA and Calif. sales tax.) CROSSMASTER

1968 MEXICO OLYMPIC TOUR For complete packoge tour and information, leaving from Los Angeles, write to Mr. Frank Endo, 12200 So. Berendo Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90044.

22686 Glen Canyon Road Altadena, California 91001 Coaches : Send for free brochure of our Delux School Model.

DISPLAY ADS: For larger space advertisements in The MODERN GYMNAST send for our special rate cards. MG ADVERTISING DEPT. Box 611, Santa Monica, California 90406.

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MG Gym Calendar SOKOL WOODLANDS: Sessions: July 16-22, July 23-29,. July 30-Aug. 5, Aug. 6-12, Aug. 1319, Aug. 20-26. Write : Sokol Woodlands, Mail Road, Barryville, N.R. 12719. NEW ENGLAND GYMNASTIC CAMP. For boys, girls, and coaches. To be held at Cushing Academy, Ashburnham, Massachusetts July 16 to August 27. Contact Robert Hanscom, YMCA, Marblehead, Massachusetts. GYMNASTIC WORKSHOP: New York State University at Cortland, July 17-28. Grad credit. Jo Friesen, Director. For info. Dr. Katherine ley, Women's P.E. State Univ .. Cortland. N.Y. 13045. CAMP EDELWEISS: On lake Ontario near Oswego, N.Y. Full season-July 2 - Aug. 12; (hre.e week sessionS-July 2-22, July 23-Aug. 12. For further information write Othmar Boxler, Camp Edelweiss, R. D. #2, Cortl~"d, N.Y. 1304'i. GYMNASTIC WORKSHOP: The Sixth Annual 路Gustavus Gymnast Workshop for Teachers, July 24路28, Gustavus Adolphus College, st. Peter, Minnesota. For further information write: Mrs. Nancy Baker, Gustavus Adolphus College, Minn MONESSEN SOKOL CLINIC. Monessen Sokol Recreation Grounds, Monessen, Pennsylvania, July 30路 August 19, 1967. For information contact John Kerekes, 1805 Service lane, Monessen, Pennsylvania 15062. UNIVERSITY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS, August [967, Tokyo, Japan. GIRLS GYM CAMP: August 7-11, 1967 in Minnesota. ~or information ; Mrs. Baker, Gustavus, St. Peter, Minnesota. GYMNASTIC CAMP: Central Atlantic Area Gymnastic Camp August 20-27, 1967. Washington YMCA Camp letts, Edgewater, Md. For further info; Vern Elder Camp Dir. 1736 G St., N.W. Washington. D.C. 20006. INSTITUTE IN ADVANCED GYMNASTICS: August 9 through 23, 1967. For information write; Roger Counsil , Gymnastic Coach, Indiana State Univ. Terre Hute. Indiana 47809. DGWS GYMNASTIC CAMP. To be held August 20-26 at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota . For further information write: Mary Ann Bayless, 2720 Florida Ave. North, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427.

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10th ANNUAL NATIONAL SUMMER GYMNASTICS CLINIC: August 20-25, 1967, Michigan State University, East lansing; Michigan_ Clinic Fee; $50 . .. Send to George Szypula, Clinic Director, Natl. Summer Gym Clinic, MSU East lansing, Mich. 48823. 5TH ANNUAL SANTA MONICA GYMFEST: labor day weekend, Sept. 2-4. Open and Invitational competitions for boys, girls, men and women. For info: Dick Criley, SM Gymfest director, Box 611, Santa Monica, Calif. 90406. GYM MEET. Wisconsin Open Gymnastic Championships: February 17, 1968, Brookfield East Gymnasium, Brookfield, Wisconsin.

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City

(M fgd. by Porter -Leavitt Co_)

9555 Irving Pork Rd., Schiller Pork, Illinois 60176 Please send me your new Gymnasium Catalog.

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THE STANDARD FOR EXCELLENCE!

BERCULON* GYMNASTIC APPARATUS .y

Pro/ramAiDs All PROGRAM AIDS HERCUlON" gymnastic equipment is guar· anteed for 20 years. Guarantee Certificate accompanies each piece of apparatus shipped .

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New revolutionary design, coupled with husky, chromesparked good looks and absolutely unmatched quality - that's the HERCULON* series. Years of research plus consultant services from dozens of leading American and European gymllastic coaches have gone into producing the ultimate in equipment. Every piece of PROGRAM AIDS HERCULON* apparatus conforms to Olympic requirements ancf exceecfs all competitive specifications! That's why PROGRAM AIDS can offer an UNMATCHED-UNHEARD OF 20-YEAR GUARANTEE on each and every piece of apparatus.

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The Program Aids Company Inc.

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550 Garden Avenue, Mount Vernon, N.Y. Please send Free color-full 84-page catalog featuring your revolutionary HERCULON* Gymnastic Apparatus. Please rush my Free copy of your 16-Page Full- Color Mat Catalog. o Please have your representative call on me.

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No expense has been spared in making the PROGRAM AIDS HERCULON* line-there is no short-cut to perfection, no cheap way to produce top quality and lifetime durability. You'd expect this equipment to be costly, but PROGRAM AIDS-as always-brings you outstanding quality at prices no higher than more cheaply made substitutes.

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Name _ _ _ _ _ _-..,._Pos. _ _ __ School _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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Other Pace·Setters From

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Adapto·Gym * ·

Adjusto·Bar ' • Combo·Gym "

Physical Fitness Aids

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Challenge Courses

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Playmaster ' Coachrng Kits •

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lite Weight mats

Tuf·Flex ' Boundary Markers

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etc.

Gym Master has it! ...

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NEW LOOK ...

with GREATER STABILITY -GREATER PERFORMANCE!

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, Gym Master has created a totally new "smoothline look" throughout their gymnastic apparatus. This, together with smart gleaming chrome plated uprights, makes Gym Master the best-looking equipment anywhere!

Stability . .. Gym Master has designed a low, flat 1" solid steel base that permits an extremely low center of gravity. The result is the greatest stability ever achieved in gymnastic apparatus.

New "Lever-Lock" Adjuster .. . This unique device permits the fastest and most secure means of making adjustment settings ever designed for gymnastic apparatus I Easy to operate; locks in place with an absolute firm rigidity .

Performance . .. Another exclusive with Gym Master - new Fiberglass Parallel Bar "G" Rails with built-in perfect ion that never varies in shape or flexibility. Now, because of all the new design features and quality constructiorr, the only limit to the ultimate in performance is the gymnast's own capabilities!

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Write for our new, fully illustrated catalog.

THE WORLD'S GYMNASTIC EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS

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THE MOPERN GYMNAST P. O. Box 611

Santa Monica, Colifornia 90406 Dear Sirs: Please send me

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Subscription to tne Mcxjern Gymnast

State _ _ _ _ Zip _ _

PLEASE CHECK BELOW $5.00 0 One Year Check. $9.00 0 Two Yeors o Cash Money Order $12.95 0 Three Yeors All foreign subscriptions $6.00 per Yeor 0 Please find $_ _ _ for Gift subscription to be sent to the names enclosed .

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Everything

Shreveport Gymnastic Supply Company P. O. BOX 5374 SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA

Suppliers of SLIPPERS, UNIFORMS, SWIM SUITS, LEOTARDS, WARM-UP SUITS, HAND GUARDS -SEND FOR OUR CATALOGWe Boast of Our LOW PRICE LIST

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INTERMEDIATE

PARALLEL

BAR

SKILLS

(five charts per set) ...... @ 6.00 per set

ADVANCED PARALLEL BAR SKILLS (four charts per set) .... @ 5.00 per set

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INTERMEDIATE RING SKILLS (three charts per set) .... @ 4.00 per set

ADVANCED RING SKILLS (three charts per set) .... @ 4.00 per set Also new Boys Physica l Education Charts (all events-3 charts) for gymnastics classes av ailable in August 19'1>7.

DUTCH DANCERS I ndividually sized wooden shoes, o ur own make or imports, for your Dutch folk dances,

spectaculars, recita ls , etc. Also authentic Dutch costumes, caps,

CHANGING YOUR ADDRESS? MAIL ADDRESS CHANGE TO: THE MODERN GYMNAST, BOX 611 SANTA MONICA, CALIF. 90406

hats, all sizes and a ll co lorful.

Attractive d iscou nts to certified stud ios.

WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE

Be sure to include your ZIP code.

WOODEN SHOE FACTORY P.O. Box 210路G Holland, Michigan 49423

QYMNA8T1CS

on STAMpS

GYMNASTICS FOR WOMEN BLANCHE J. DRURY and ANDREA B. SCHMID Illustrations by Patricia Thomson

A. BRUCE FREDERICK-" . . . the best total coverage of gymnastics for girls and women available." Included in the "Golden Library of Gymnastics" for the U.S. Gymnastics Federation Thoroughly revised in 1965 ... a classic in its field ... now in use in over 100 colleges and universities 212 PAGES SPIRAL BOU ND $3.95 (+ 4% tax for Californians)

A TEACHER'S GUIDE TO GYMNASTICS MARSHALL CLAUS

STAMP STARTER COLLECTION The above collection of 20 gymnastics stamps for $1.00. Also available: 30 mixed track and field ....................$1.00 40 general sports- stamps ................$1.00 California Resiaent: Add 4% Sales Tax MG STAMPS Box 777 Santa Monica. California 90406

SAKAMOTo-"The picture presentation of the spotting techniques is the best I have ever seen." ART SHURLOCK-"[This book] is the best text to date for teaching beginners. It can be understood and utilized by all physical education instructors." 162 PAGES SPIRAL BOUND $4.95 MAKOTO

(+ 4% tax for Cali fo rn ia ns )

NATIONAL PRESS BOOKS 850 Hansen Way

Palo Alto. Calif. 94304

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but you probably wouldn't buy another!

It's no great engineering feat to make one product cheaper than another. You cut quality a little here, you eliminate a feature there .. . and pretty soon you have a product that can sell for a cheaper price. The same could apply to a Nissen parallel bar. For example, our exclusive Adjusto-Lock height and width adjustment feature could be replaced with the same low cost jam lock mechanism which other manufacturers use . Ordinary paint could be substituted for our present maintenance-free nickel chrome finish . Small black rubber base pads could be used in place of Nissen's unique non-marking pads with the adjustable leg leveler. Unbreakable Perma-Wood fused lamination top bars could easily be replaced with old fa shion hickory bars , and on and on and on.

True, such a parallel bar would probably still qualify on an "or equal" bid, but somehow, without those important features, it just wouldn't be a Nissen. Can you afford anything less than the best?

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CLIP AND MAIL THIS COUPON FOR YOUR FREE CATALOG

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School

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Nissen Corporation Cedar Rapids, Iowa .

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More Schools huy Nissen Gym Apparatus than all other hran,d s COMBINED!