62
Family Planning 2020, ‘Family Planning 2020’, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle (WA), 2012, <www.familyplanning2020.org>, accessed 16 August 2013.
63
Nair, Pooja, ‘Litigating against the Forced Sterilization of HIV-Positive Women: Recent developments in Chile and Namibia’, Harvard Human Rights Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, 2010, pp. 223–231; and Center for Reproductive Rights and Vivo Positivo, ‘Dignity Denied: Violations of the right to HIV-positive women in Chilean health facilities’, Center for Reproductive Rights, New York, 2010, <www.genderandaids.org/index .php?option=com_content&view=article&id=861: dignity-denied-violations-of-the-rights-of-hiv-positive-womeninchilean-health-facilities&catid=38:latin-america-and-thecaribbean&Itemid=118>.
64
65
66
Using Injecting Drugs in Ukraine, 2000–10’, Addiction, vol. 107, no. 1, 1 January 2012, pp. 118–128. 73
Ibid; and Adelekan, Moruf L., ‘Substance Use, HIV Infection and the Harm Reduction Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa’, International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 9, no. 5, 1 October 1998, pp. 315–323.
74
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, ‘Women and HIV in Prison Settings’, Policy brief, UNODC, Vienna, Austria, 2008, p. 1; and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, International Labour Organization, United Nations Development Programme, World Health Organization and United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS, ‘Policy Brief: HIV prevention, treatment, and care in prisons and other closed settings – A comprehensive package of interventions’, UNODC, Vienna, June 2013, p. 1.
75
Chimbwandira, Frank, et al., ‘Impact of an Innovative Approach to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Malawi, July 2011 to September 2012’, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 62, no. 8, 1 March 2013, pp. 148–151.
Kali, Paula B. N., et al., ‘Combining PMTCT with Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis’, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol. 42, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 379–381; and World Health Organization, WHO Policy on Collaborative TB/ HIV Activities: Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders, WHO, Geneva, 2012.
76
Ibid; and World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Global Update on HIV Treatment 2013: Results, impact and opportunities, WHO, Geneva, June 2013, p. 27.
Gupta, Amita, et al., ‘Maternal Tuberculosis: A risk factor for mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus’, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 203, no. 3, 1 February 2011, pp. 358–362.
77
World Health Organization, Guidelines for Intensified Tuberculosis Case-Finding and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for People Living with HIV in Resource-Constrained Settings, WHO, Geneva, 2011; and Patel, M. R., et al., ‘Outcomes of Integrated Treatment for Tuberculosis and HIV in Children at the Primary Health Care Level’, International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, vol. 17, no. 9, 1 September 2013, pp. 1206–1211.
78
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013.
79
Weigel, Ralf, et al., ‘Managing HIV-Infected Children in a Low-Resource, Public Clinic: A Comparison of Nurse vs. Clinical Officer Practices in ART Refill, Calculation of Adherence and Subsequent Appointments’, Journal of the International AIDS Society, vol. 15, no. 2, 17 August 2012; Cohen, Rachel, et al., ‘Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes from a Nurse-Driven, Community-Supported HIV/AIDS Treatment Programme in Rural Lesotho: Observational cohort assessment at two years’, Journal of the International AIDS Society, vol. 12, 8 October 2009; and Van Griensven, Johan, et al., ‘Success with Antiretroviral Treatment for Children in Kigali, Rwanda: Experience with health center/nurse-based care’, BMC Pediatrics, vol. 8, no. 1, 2 October 2008.
80
Kredo, Tamara, et al., ‘Decentralising HIV Treatment in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 6, 27 June 2013; Government of Rwanda, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Population Fund and World Health Organization, ‘Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV: Gateways to integration – A case study from Rwanda – A glimpse of the future – Eliminating new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive’, Government of Rwanda, IPPF, UNAIDS, UNFPA and WHO, Rwanda, 2013, p. 13; Ong’ech, John O., et al., ‘Provision of Services and Care for HIV-Exposed Infants:
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013.
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013, p. 35.
67
TOWARDS AN AIDS-FREE GENERATION – Children and AIDS: Sixth Stocktaking Report, 2013
68
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, ‘A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) in India: For healthy mother and child’, Government of India, New Delhi, February 2013, p. 21; and Government of Rwanda, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Population Fund and World Health Organization, ‘Linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV: Gateways to integration – A case study from Rwanda – A glimpse of the future – Eliminating new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive’, Government of Rwanda, IPPF, UNAIDS, UNFPA and WHO, Rwanda, 2013, p. 13.
69
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013, p. 108.
70
Filteau, Suzanne, ‘The HIV-Exposed, Uninfected African Child’, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol. 14, no. 3, March 2009, pp. 276–287; Marinda, Edmore, et al., ‘Child Mortality according to Maternal and Infant HIV Status in Zimbabwe’, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 26, no. 6, June 2007, pp. 519–526; and Landes, Megan, et al., ‘Mortality and Health Outcomes of HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Children in a PMTCT Cohort in Malawi’, PloS One, vol. 7, no. 10, October 2012, pp. 1–7.
71
World Health Organization, Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a public health approach, WHO, Geneva, 2013.
72
Thorne, Claire, et al., ‘Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Pregnant Women
48