8.4: Distribution of Urban Population by City-Size Class, Brazil, 1950-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 8.5: Proportion of the Metropolitan Population Residing in Peripheral
Municipalities, 15 Brazilian Metropolitan Areas, 1991-2010 . . . . . . . . . . 150
8.6: Percentage of Households Linked to Sewage Networks in
Central and Peripheral Areas of Metropolitan Regions, Brazil, 2010 . . . 151
9.1: Urban Growth in the Valley of Mexico, 1950-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 9.2: Housing and Population Vulnerability Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 9.3: MCMA: Spatial Distribution of Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 9.4: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings in AGEBs Exposed to Heavy Rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 9.5: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings in Areas of Hill Slopes 15o or More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 9.6: Vulnerable Population and Dwellings Affected by Heat Waves . . . . . . . . 170
List of Tables 4.1: Examples of Indicators of Adaptive Capacity by Layer and Type . . . . . . . . 65 5.1: Province-level Summary of Mis-estimation of the Population Living within a Low Elevation Coastal Zone:
A Comparison of Scale-dependent Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.1: Common Variables in IEHS and Their Relationship to Vulnerability . . . 105 7.1: Population Projection for Main Urban Centres in Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . 119 7.2: Resident Total Population and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 7.3: Selected Socioeconomic and Adaptive Capacity Indicators: Urban and Non-urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 8.1: Rural-urban Migration, Increase in the Number of Cities and in Urban Population, Brazil, 1940-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8.2: Type and Frequency (%) of Aggravating Factors Encountered in Municipalities Affected by Floods and Overflows between 2003 and 2008 in Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 8.3: Number of Cities and Population Residing in Low Elevation Coastal Zones (LECZ), Brazil, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 9.1: MCMA: Population Growth, 1950-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 9.2: MCMA: Urban Physical Expansion, 1950-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 9.3: MCMA: AGEBs with Vulnerable Population and Dwellings Exposed to Hydro-meteorological Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
co n t e n t s
Demography and Climate Change-text.indd 9
ix
1/25/13 1:59 PM