Endnotes
66
67
68
69
(London and New York, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)) , pp. 133-148. WFP (2012). Lesotho Overview, World Food Programme, Available at: www.wfp.org/countries/ Lesotho/Overview, 27 July 2012. Hove, H., Echeverría, D. and Parry, E. (2011). Review of Current and Planned Adaptation Action: Southern Africa, available at www.preventionweb. net/english/professional/publications/v. php?id=25313. Schiermeyer, E. (2011). Addressing Barriers to Environmental Citizenship: a comparative socio-ecological study on urban environmental education, unpublished M.Soc.Science Thesis, School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Alber, G. (2009). Gender and climate change policy, in G. Guzman, G. Martine, G. McGranahan, D. Schensul and C. Tacoli, eds., Population Dynamics and Climate Change (London and New York, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and United Nations Population Fund, pp. 149-163.
71
the Millennium Development Goals, Global Urban Observatory, November 2009. Table 12.
SACNET (2010/11). The financing of city services in Southern Africa, South African Cities Network (Johannesburg). p 10. 98 Ibid, p 16. 99 GUI (2009). Global Urban Indicators – Selected Statistics: Monitoring the Habitat Agenda and 97
SACNET (2010/11). The financing of city services in Southern Africa, South African Cities Network (Johannesburg). p 44. 101 Ibid, Page 16. 102 Ibid, Page 39. 103 Ibid, Page 30. 104 SACNET (2011). State of the city finances report 2011, South African Cities Network (Johannesburg). Page 42. 105 Hendrix, C. and Glaser, S. (2005). Trends and Triggers: Climate Change and Civil Conflict in SubSaharan Africa. Paper presented at workshop on ‘Human Security and Climate Change’, Oslo, 21-23 June 2005; Turton, A. 2008. Three Strategic Water Quality Challenges that DecisionMakers Need to Know About and How the CSIR Should Respond. CSIR Report CSIR/NRE/WR/ EXP/2008/0160/A. Keynote address, A Clean South Africa, presented at the CSIR Conference “Science Real and Relevant”, 18 November 2008. Pretoria: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). Available at www.bosparra.com/ wp-content/uploads/2008/11/banned_csir2008. pdf. 106 SACNET (2010/11). The financing of city services in Southern Africa, South African Cities Network (, Johannesburg). p 20. 107 This is as per the JMP definition of improved access to drinking water coverage and sanitation. For a more detailed definition of the distinction between improved and unimproved drinking water and sanitation coverage refer to the following online publication; WHO/UNICEF (2006). Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target. The urban and rural challenge of the decade; Available at: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/ monitoring/jmpfinal.pdf. 108 GUI (2009). Global Urban Indicators – Selected Statistics: Monitoring the Habitat Agenda and the Millennium Development Goals, Global Urban Observatory, November 2009. Table 11. 109 Movik, S. (2012). Fluid Rights: Water Allocation Reform in South Africa. (Cape Town, HSRC Press). 110 Marais, H. (2011). South Africa - Limits to Change: The Political Economy of Transition. Revised Edition (London, Zed Books). 111 UN-Habitat (2010). State of African Cities 2010; Governance, inequality and urban land markets. (Nairobi, 2010). p 213. 112 Marais, H. (2011). South Africa - Limits to Change: The Political Economy of Transition. –Revised Edition (London, Zed Books). 113 Yende, S. (2012). Protests are spiralling, study finds, News 24 website, 17 June 2012. Available at: www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Studyfinds-protests-are-spiralling-20120617. 114 News 24. 2012. Articles relating to protests, News 24 Website, 27 July 2012. Available at: www. news24.com/Tags/Topics/protests. 115 Mukosa, C., Mwiinga, P.C. (2008). Transboundary 100
THE STATE OF SOUTHERN AFRICAN CITIES 2014
Ibid. O’Brien, K., Sygna, L., Leichenko, R., Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Mitchell, T., Schipper, L., Tanner, T., Vogel, C., and Mortreux, C. (2008). Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and Human Security, Report prepared for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS) Project, GECHS Report 2008: 3. 72 Pelling, M. (2003). The Vulnerability of Cities: Natural disasters and Social Resilience. (London, Earthscan), p 61. 73 Ibid. 74 Mamdani, M. (1996). “Citizen and subject: contemporary Africa and the legacy of late colonialism.” (Princeton Academic Press). p 60. 75 UNDESA (2011). World Urbanisation Prospects: the 2011 revision, UNDESA, Population Division, April 2011. 76 Cain, A. (2012). Post-war urban land markets in Luanda, Angola, presented by Development Workshop Angola to the World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington, 23-26 April 2012. 77 Foley, F. (2007). Land rights in Angola: poverty and plenty, Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG) Working Paper, November 2007. 78 Cain, A. (2012). Post-war urban land markets in Luanda, Angola, presented by Development Workshop Angola to the World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, Washington, 23-26 April 2012. 79 Ibid. 80 Negráo, J. (2004). Urban land markets in Mozambique, Cruzeiro do Sul, Research Institute for Development, Maputo, University Eduardo Mondlane / UN-Habitat, accessed 9 November, 2011, Available at: www.unhabitat.org/ 70
downloads/docs/10787_1_594342.pdf. Rakodi, C. (2007). Land for housing in African cities: are informal delivery systems institutionally robust and pro-poor?, in Global Urban Development, vol. 3, Issue 1, November, 2007. 82 African Development Bank. (2012). African Statistical Yearbook 2012, Addis Ababa, Economic Commission for Africa. 83 Rakodi, C. (2007). Land for housing in African cities: are informal delivery systems institutionally robust and pro-poor?, in Global Urban Development, vol. 3, Issue 1, November, 2007. 84 Ibid. 85 Ibid 86 UN-Habitat (2010/2011). State of the World’s Cities: Bridging the Urban Divide, Nairobi, 2011. 87 UN-Habitat. (2010). State of African Cities 2010; Governance, inequality and urban land markets. (Nairobi,2010), p. 226. 88 Watson, V. (2009). The planned city sweeps the poor away …: urban planning and 21st Century urbanisation, in Progress in Planning, vol 72, p.151-193. 89 Landman, K. (2000). Gated communities and urban sustainability: taking a closer look at the future, paper presented at 2nd Southern African Conference on Sustainable Development in the Built Environment – Strategies for a Sustainable Built Environment, Pretoria, South Africa, 23-25 August 2000. 90 Spinks, C. (2001). A new Apartheid? urban spatiality, (fear of) crime, and segregation in Cape Town, South Africa, Development Studies Institute, London School of Economics, September 2001. 91 SACNET (2008). Securing municipal finances in Southern Africa. Southern African Cities Network/ Cities Alliance, website (last accessed 13 August 2013): Available at:www.citiesalliance.org/sites/ citiesalliance.org/files/sacn%20final.pdf. 92 UN-Habitat (2007). Lusaka urban profile. UNHabitat, Page 14 (Source: Lusaka City Council July 2006). (2007). 93 Lindell, I. (2008). Multiple sites of urban governance: insights from an African city, in Urban Stud; 45; 1879, website (last accessed 15 August 2013): Available at: http://usj.sagepub.com/cgi/ content/abstract/45/1879. 94 GUI (2009). Global Urban Indicators – Selected Statistics: Monitoring the Habitat Agenda and the Millennium Development Goals, Global Urban Observatory, November 2009. Table 7. 95 Ibid. Tables 26 &27. 96 African Development Bank. (2009). African Statistical Yearbook 2009. Addis Ababa, Economic Commission for Africa, p 65.
81
259