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resource productivity and decoupling”, Policy Brief for the 7th meeting of the International Panel for Sustainable Resource Management of the United Nations Environment Programme; UNCTAD (2012). Economic Development in Africa Report 2012. Structural Transformation and Sustainable Development in Africa, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations. Smith, P. & Jobson, E. (2013). African Union at 50, in The Africa Report, No. 50, may 2013, p. 23. There is an important distinction here. The European Union (EU) emerged gradually from actual operational agreements between strong states. The Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the African Union (AU) have tried to create the superstructure of the continental organization before filling it with content. Africa is still a continent of relatively weak states, jealous of their meager claims to sovereignty.
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