List of Figures
Figure 2.1
Trends in non-fuel exports in the 1998–2011 period (in billions of United States dollars) ..................................................................................................................................................
10
Trends in annual GDP growth in high, low and middle-income countriesSource: DESA, 2013 .........................................................................................................................................................................................
10
Figure 2.3
Average annual GDP growth rate at constant 2005 prices for the period 2005–2013 .......
11
Figure 2.4
(a) Unemployment rates in the world for 2012 (b) Economic growth rates (at constant 2005 prices) in selected UNECE member States (c) Unemployment rates for the month of May (2006–2013) in selected UNECE member States .................................................................................................................................................................
13
Inland freight transport excluding inland waterways transport (blue line) and nominal GDP growth (red line) trends...................................................................................................................................
14
Latin America and the Caribbean: GDP growth and terms of trade, 1970–2012 (percentage).......................................................................................................................................................................
15
Figure 2.7
Global and regional population size projections for the twenty-first century .........................
18
Figure 2.8
Changes in population older than 65 years of age during the period 2003–2013 (Percentage).......................................................................................................................................................................
19
Change in the proportion of elderly (over 65 years old) population in UNECE member States, I1990–2013..........................................................................................................................................................
20
Figure 2.10 Urbanisation trends and projections, 1950–2050 ......................................................................................
21
Figure 2.11 World, Latin America, developed and developing regions: Urban population estimates and projections, 1950–2050.....................................................................................................................................
22
Figure 2.12 (a) CO2 emissions (in million metric tonnes) from transport (2011) (b) Changes in the CO2 emissions, 2001–2011 (see also ANNEX Table A.1) ...............................
25
Figure 2.13 Projected global totals and regional differences for CO2 emissions (in GtC per year) .........
26
Figure 2.14 Development of the energy use per capita for commercial transport in different regions, 2001–2011 (in Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (TOE)) .........................................................................
27
Figure 2.15 Projected global trends in transportation energy consumption in OECD and nonOECD countries, 2010–2040 (in quadrillion Btu).........................................................................................
28
Figure 3.1
Road density by kilometre of road /100 km2(2010 or latest available year)..............................
34
Figure 3.2
Road density and the Human Development Index by different countries and regions ...
35
Figure 3.3
Percentage of paved roads relative to total road length (2010 or latest available data)....
36
Figure 3.4
Kilometres of road per 100 km of area and per 1,000 inhabitants by regional commission (2011).........................................................................................................................................................
37
Figure 3.5
Rail density in the UNECE region (2012 or latest available year) .......................................................
38
Figure 3.6
Regional urban population changes, 2010–2030 ......................................................................................
40
Figure 3.7
Urban agglomeration population growth projections, 2015–2030 ...............................................
41
Figure 3.8
Rural populations in the different regions, living within 2 km of an all-season road (2004 data) ..........................................................................................................................................................................
44
Share of the population with long-term illnesses or health problems in EU-28 member States in 2012 ....................................................................................................................................................................
45
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6
Figure 2.9
Figure 3.9
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