Economic Development in Africa Report 2015
vi
CHAPTER 5: MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ 113 A. B. C. D.
Introduction ............................................................................................ 114 Main findings .......................................................................................... 114 Main messages and recommendations ................................................... 118 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 123
NOTES ............................................................................................................................. 126 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 127
BOXES 1.
Conceptualizing and defining services in Africa ............................................. 34
2.
Typology of a regulatory and/or institutional framework for infrastructure services ......................................................................................................... 42
3.
Uganda: Best practice in electricity industry regulation .................................. 47
4.
The General Agreement of Trade in Services waiver for least developed countries: Progress towards its operationalization.......................................... 75
FIGURES 1.
Sectoral shares of real gross domestic product by percentage and value, 2000–2012 ..................................................................................................... 20
2.
Share of services in total employment by country, 2009–2012 ....................... 22
3.
Exports and imports of services, 2001–2012 ................................................. 25
4.
Distribution of exports and imports of services, 2013 .................................... 29
5.
Relevance of services in African National Development Plans ........................ 51
6.
Adults holding an account at a formal financial institution, by rural-urban designation, 2011................................................................... 86
7.
Use of formal account and loan services across firm-size groups, 2011 ....... 90
8.
Number and share of domestic and foreign banks, 1995–2009 ..................... 93
9.
Financial services trade restrictions index scores, 2012 ............................... 106