rubbed off, the skin side is scraped with a circular knife, then stretched and dried. Parchment is dif f icult and t i me - c on s u m i ng to m a ke a nd , consequently, quite expensive. Not surprisingly, scribes often reused older parchments by erasing earlier writing with rubbing and various

developed another writing material known as “parchment,” which is made from thin layers of animal hide. (“Vellum” is parchment made of calfskin.) Suitable hides are selected, cured with salt and then soaked in lye to loosen the fur. After the fur is

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