MAY 2012 –– PAGE 9 THE GROWER
ONTARIO MUCK VEGETABLE GROWERS CONFERENCE
How to fill the hole in nematode control FUMIGANTS WITH NEMATICIDAL ACTIVITY REGISTERED FOR CARROTS
KAREN DAVIDSON This spring will not be easy for growers of root crops without the usual arsenal of nematode control products. While new nematicidal products are on the market, none are registered for carrots and little, if any, trial data are available on Ontario muck soils warns Marion Paibomesai, OMAFRA’s vegetable specialist. “Soil sample to determine the type and population of nematode before planting,” she says. Populations are generally higher in May/June and again in September/October. There is zero tolerance for root knot nematode and 1000/kg soil for root lesion nematode which can create entry points for secondary pathogens such as pythium and rhizoctonia. “Determine what nematodes you have because up-andcoming products may have a narrower pest spectrum,” says Paibomesai. Currently, there is a joint IR-4 project with the U.S. for MCW-2, a new Mahkteshim product, with activity on a variety of nematode species. From data generated in California on carrots, MCW-2 looks promising as a control for nematodes. Also, at the 2012 National Minor Use Priority Setting Workshop, nematode control topped the list of priorities in late March. Dazitol, a product of Champon Millennium Chemicals represented by Engage Agro, was chosen as a top priority for research in carrots. Registered in the U.S. as a pre-plant liquid soil treatment, its activity is due to essential oil of mustard plus oleoresin of capsaicin. Unfortunately, there is no pre-existing carrot data in Canada for this product. Work is underway to determine data requirements for a Canadian registration. For both of these new products, regulatory decisions would not be expected until 2016 at the earliest. Here’s a chart that outlines current products and what performance to expect, as well as some highlights for new products in the pipeline. For registered products, refer to complete labels for directions of use and specific guidelines for applications.
Active Ingredient
Trade Name
Labelled Uses
Comments
Chloropicrin
Chloropicrin 100 Pic Plus On Crop Group 1, including carrots for early season control of soil-borne pests including root knot nematode, root lesion and diseases (i.e. Fusarium, Pythium)
• Pre-plant fumigant • Considered to be an excellent fungicide with moderate nematicide activity • Effectiveness depends on soil conditions (i.e. moisture, temperature, texture) and pest levels • Little current experience/data on Ontario muck soils
Metam sodium
Busan 1236 Vapam HL
• Pre-plant fumigant • Reports of ‘variable results by year and location’ • Effectiveness depends on weather, application and soil conditions (i.e. moisture, temperature, texture) • Limited current experience/data on Ontario muck soil
General label for ornamental, food and fibre crops for control of soil-borne pests including nematodes and soil-borne diseases (i.e. Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Sclerotinia)
POTENTIAL NEMATICIDES NOT REGISTERED FOR CARROTS Oriental mustard seed meal
MustGro
In Canada, on raspberries and strawberries for suppression of root lesion nematode and various diseases (not carrots!)
• Pre-plant application
Fluensulfone
MCW-2
Not yet registered in North • Pre-plant non-fumigant America on any crops. • Current joint IR-4 project with U.S. ongoing Activity on various nematode species identified.
Essential oil of mustard + oleoresin of capsaicin
Dazitol
Not yet registered in Canada • Soil treatment on any crops. Labelled in • 2012 Canadian National Minor Use top priority U.S. on various horticulture project crops including root and tuber vegetables for various nematode species (i.e. root knot nematode, root lesion) and diseases (i.e. Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia).
Forecasting sclerotinia rot Every year, forecasting of sclerotinia rot in carrots gets better. Monica Parker, PhD student at the University of Guelph’s Plant Agriculture department, concludes that using spore traps offers the best detection of disease. And that helps growers quantify and predict risk. The best outcome is to optimize timing of management practices, specifically trimming of the canopy and using fungicides. In 2011, two detection methods were used in trials in Ontario’s Holland Marsh. The blue-plate test, while standard, takes three days for results. The Burkhard trap uses PCR-DNA technology, and while more expensive, requires only six hours for results. Depending on resources and urgency, growers can decide the best tool to use. Trial results showed that mechanical trimming and fungicides, together, work best. Parker illustrated that best results are with trimming and Lance (Allegro, a.i. fluazinam), followed by Lance alone, then trimming and Elexa-4 (active ingredient chitosan) and then Elexa-4 alone. The trial carrots were trimmed on August 12, 2011 when the canopy closed and when greater than five spores were detected in the sample. To conclude, before control measures are undertaken, use
spore traps to evaluate the disease risk. Results from spore trapping
are circulated on the Muck Crops Research Station Agriphone, the
biweekly IPM information line.
BEES FOR POLLINATION
Did you know . . .
SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL BEES We help to bring you fruit and sweeten your day with honey. The following Ontario Beekeepers offer Honey Bee Pollination Services:
Glen Ackroyd Ackroyd’s Honey Tara 519-934-0006
Dan Davidson Supersweet Honey Ltd. Watford 519-849-5959
Zenon Kohut Zenon -Bee Inc. Lynden 519-647-9796
Michael Sounak Sunny Honey Brantford 519-317-4140
Guy Anderson Anderkin Foods Inc. Kincardine 519-396-3529
Joe DeVillers Bonnie Bee Honey Penetang 705-533-3655
Reg Lumley Honey Do Honey Sarnia 519-355-0119
John VanAlten Dutchman’s Gold Carlisle 905-689-6371
Davis/John Bryans Munro Honey Alvinston 519-847-5333
Jerry Dietrich Beehaven Apiaries Alma 519-846-5839
Bill Minnick Minnick Appiaries Smithville 905-957-3667
Henry Van Lingen Lingenview Farm Belmont 519-269-3923
Jim Coneybeare Coneybeare Honey Fergus 519-843-7328
Chris Frere Bee Baron Honey Wellandport 905-386-1130
Mike Parker Parker Bee Apiaries Ltd. Beamsville 905-563-7285
Roger/Tom Congdon Sun Parlor Honey Ltd. Cottam 519-839-4000
Tim Greer LilleyBee Apiaries St Catharines 905-934-5904
Brian Rowaan B & E Honey Fields Niagara-on-the-Lake 905-262-1864
According to Ontario statistics, the province’s agrifood exports topped $10 billion in 2011. Vegetables contributed $904.3 million to that figure while the fruit and nut category posted $162.5 million.
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